Relevant bibliographies by topics / Inorganic Nanoparticles, Organic Particles

Academic literature on the topic 'Inorganic Nanoparticles, Organic Particles'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Inorganic Nanoparticles, Organic Particles"

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Karadima, Katerina S., Vlasis G. Mavrantzas, and Spyros N. Pandis. "Insights into the morphology of multicomponent organic and inorganic aerosols from molecular dynamics simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 8 (April 29, 2019): 5571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5571-2019.

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Abstract. We explore the morphologies of multicomponent nanoparticles through atomistic molecular dynamics simulations under atmospherically relevant conditions. The particles investigated consist of both organic (cis-pinonic acid – CPA, 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid – MBTCA, n-C20H42, n-C24H50, n-C30H62 or mixtures thereof) and inorganic (sulfate, ammonium and water) compounds. The effects of relative humidity, organic mass content and type of organic compound present in the nanoparticle are investigated. Phase separation is predicted for almost all simulated nanoparticles either between organics and inorganics or between hydrophobic and hydrophilic constituents. For oxygenated organics, our simulations predict an enrichment of the nanoparticle surface in organics, often in the form of islands depending on the level of humidity and organic mass fraction, giving rise to core–shell structures. In several cases the organics separate from the inorganics, especially from the ions. For particles containing water-insoluble linear alkanes, separate hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains are predicted to develop. The surface partitioning of organics is enhanced as the humidity increases. The presence of organics in the interior of the nanoparticle increases as their overall mass fraction in the nanoparticle increases, but this also depends on the humidity conditions. Apart from the organics–inorganics and hydrophobics–hydrophilics separation, our simulations predict a third type of separation (layering) between CPA and MBTCA molecules under certain conditions.
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XIAO, YANG, CHAOBIN HE, XUEHONG LU, and XINHAI ZHANG. "ORGANIC–INORGANIC HYBRID NANOPARTICLES WITH QUANTUM CONFINEMENT EFFECT." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 01n02 (February 2009): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09005980.

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Hybrid light emitting nanoparticles with diameter range from 2 to 4 nm were prepared via grafting organic-conjugated chains directly onto an inorganic rigid cage polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). The unique properties of these particles show evidence of quantum confinement effect on the conjugated short chains by two barriers of POSS cage and alkyl chains. The confinement effects are revealed in five aspects. First, the UV and PL spectra redshift as increasing the length of conjugated chains. This phenomenon can be considered as size effect. Second, PL spectra of these nanoparticles in solid film blueshift from that in most of organic solvents, which can be considered as limited intra- or inter-molecular interactions existed within the nanoparticles. Third, the Raman bands of the conjugated chains in these nanoparticles are redshifted and broadening with respect to their bulk counterparts. The systematic peak shifting and broadening of the Raman bands provided additional confirmation that the conjugated chains in hybrid nanoparticles at bulk state are isolated without any π–π stacking. Fourth, TEM and SEM images showed the particle size in a range of 2–4 nm and the nanoparticles in bulk state are noncrystalline materials. Lastly, the PL spectrum of the nanoparticle at low temperature was studied and found no change in PL position and intensity as temperature increasing from 4 K to 150 K.
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Yoon, Joonsik, Ji Hyun Lee, Jun Bae Lee, and Jun Hyup Lee. "Highly Scattering Hierarchical Porous Polymer Microspheres with a High-Refractive Index Inorganic Surface for a Soft-Focus Effect." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102418.

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Functional light scattering materials have received considerable attention in various fields including cosmetics and optics. However, a conventional approach based on optically active inorganic materials requires considerable synthetic effort and complicated dispersion processes for special refractive materials. Here, we report a simple and effective fabrication strategy for highly scattering hierarchical porous polymer microspheres with a high-refractive index inorganic surface that mitigates the disadvantages of inorganic materials, producing organic-inorganic hybrid particles with an excellent soft-focus effect. Hierarchical organic-inorganic hybrid particles were synthesized using the simple physical mixing of porous poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microparticles with different pore sizes and regularities as the organic core and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with different particle sizes as the inorganic shell. The polar noncovalent interactions between polar PMMA microspheres and the polar surface of TiO2 nanoparticles could induce the hierarchical core-shell structure of hybrid particles. The synthesized hybrid particles had increased diffuse reflectance properties of up to 160% compared with single inorganic particles. In addition, the light scattering efficiency and soft-focus effect could be increased further, depending on the size of the TiO2 nanoparticles and the pore characteristics of the PMMA microspheres. The proposed study can provide a facile and versatile way to improve the light scattering performance for potential cosmetics.
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Deepti. "PRESERVATIVES FOR EXTENDING SHELF LIFE OF FISH BY USING NANOPARTICLES BASED ON NANO ICE." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 6, no. 5 (September 28, 2022): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.120.

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Nanotechnology is a branch of science that basically deals with synthesi of nano-size particles. A nanoparticle is an ultrafine particle, or a tiny particle that ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers in size and is undetectable by the human eye. Nanoparticles types are commonly divided into two main groups:- organic and inorganic Organic groups include lipsones, hybrid, micelles, dendriners and compact polymeric nanoparticles. Inorganic group includes quantum dots, silica,fullernes and metal nanoparticle. Artificial nanoparticles can be created from any solid or liquid material, including metals, dielectrics, and semiconductors. Nanoparticles have other physical properties that must be measured for a complete description such as size, shape, dispersion state,surface properties and crystallinty.In the current research work, collected some water from fish area and analyse bacteria responsible for spoilage of fish which are pseudomonas,Escherichia coli,Achromobacter,Serratia, Micrococcus,Staphylococcus aureus.Then isolate bacteria for suitable media (MSA,NAM ).Organic acid and bacteriocins from bacteria showed good antimicrobial activities against spoilage bacteria.Plant derived antimicrobials could prolong fish shelf life and decrease lipid oxidation.Nanoparticles were synthesized of mainly Zinc,Copper,Magnesium,Silver and their characterization were done using UV visible spectrophotometer,Zeta potential, PSA(Particle size Analyser).Different ice crystal of different nanoparticles of Zn,Ag,Mg,Cu shows to prolong the shelf life of fish.Hence nanoparticles can be a great source for preserving and enhancing the shelf life of fish.
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Schick, Isabel, Steffen Lorenz, Dominik Gehrig, Stefan Tenzer, Wiebke Storck, Karl Fischer, Dennis Strand, Frédéric Laquai, and Wolfgang Tremel. "Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (December 5, 2014): 2346–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.244.

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Based on recent developments regarding the synthesis and design of Janus nanoparticles, they have attracted increased scientific interest due to their outstanding properties. There are several combinations of multicomponent hetero-nanostructures including either purely organic or inorganic, as well as composite organic–inorganic compounds. Janus particles are interconnected by solid state interfaces and, therefore, are distinguished by two physically or chemically distinct surfaces. They may be, for instance, hydrophilic on one side and hydrophobic on the other, thus, creating giant amphiphiles revealing the endeavor of self-assembly. Novel optical, electronic, magnetic, and superficial properties emerge in inorganic Janus particles from their dimensions and unique morphology at the nanoscale. As a result, inorganic Janus nanoparticles are highly versatile nanomaterials with great potential in different scientific and technological fields. In this paper, we highlight some advances in the synthesis of inorganic Janus nanoparticles, focusing on the heterogeneous nucleation technique and characteristics of the resulting high quality nanoparticles. The properties emphasized in this review range from the monodispersity and size-tunability and, therefore, precise control over size-dependent features, to the biomedical application as theranostic agents. Hence, we show their optical properties based on plasmonic resonance, the two-photon activity, the magnetic properties, as well as their biocompatibility and interaction with human blood serum.
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Kumar, Challa V., Inoka K. Deshapriya, Michael R. Duff, Brett Blakeley, and Denise Lee Haye. "Novel, Simple, Versatile and General Synthesis of Nanoparticles Made from Proteins, Nucleic Acids and other Materials." Journal of Nano Research 12 (December 2010): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.12.77.

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A new, simple, and versatile method was developed to prepare protein nanoparticles, for the first time, and the approach was extended to prepare organic, inorganic, and biological nanomaterials. For example, nanoparticles of met-hemoglobin and glucose oxidase are readily prepared by contacting a fine spray of aqueous solutions of the proteins to an organic solvent such as methanol or acetonitrile. The protein nanoparticles suspended in organic solvents retained their secondary structure and biological activities to a significant extent. Using this approach, we also successfully prepared nanoparticles of transition metal complexes, organic molecules, nucleic acids, inorganic polymers, and organic polymers. Particle size depended on reagent concentrations, pH and the solvent used, and particle sizes have been controlled from 20 to 200 nm by adjusting these parameters. In each case, particle sizes and size distributions were determined by dynamic light scattering and the data have been confirmed by electron microscopy. Addition of appropriate electrolytes to the nanoparticle supensions stabilized them against aggregation or crystallization, and particles were stable over months of storage at 4°C. Nanoparticles of met-hemoglobin, glucose oxidase, and calf thymus DNA indicated retention of their native-like structures, as evidenced from their respective circular dichroism spectra. Enzyme nanoparticles retained their catalytic activities to a significant extent. For example, peroxidase-like activity of met-hemoglobin nanoparticles suspended in methanol was 0.3 M-1 s-1, which is comparable to the activity of met-hmoglobin in aqueous buffer (1.0 M-1 s-1) even though the former has been measured in methanol. This activity is far greater than the activity of free heme in methanol. Thus, the nanobiocatalysts retained substantial activity in organic solvents. Nanoparticles of anthracene indicated extensive excitonic coupling due to inter-chromophore interactions. The current method of nanoparticle synthesis is rapid, simple, versatile, reproducible and resulted in the formation of nanoparticles from a variety of materials, many of them for the first time.
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Wang, Hai Wang, Guo Zhong Lu, Yu Yan Zhang, Yue Wen Du, Li Hui Song, Hang Yu Li, Xiu Yuan Lu, and Gao Gao Dong. "Mechanical Properties of Phenolic Foams Modified by Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.604.

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Phenolic foam offer a multitude of advantage for energy saving and fire, however, they are brittleness and need to be improved. Nanostructured inorganic particles are good modifiers to enhance the toughness, but the problem is that inorganic particles have poor compatibility with polymer materials. To solve this problem, here SiO2and Poly acrylic acid (PAA) hybrid nanoparticles were used as a reinforcing agent, which were prepared by silica sol and polyacrylic acid. The analysis shows that the hybrid nanoparticles effectively improve the compressive strength, the compressive strength and cell structures.
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Luo, Jian Hui, Yuan Yang Li, Ping Mei Wang, Bi Bo Xia, Li Peng He, Bo Wen Yang, and Bo Jiang. "A Facial Route for Preparation of Hydrophobic Nano-Silica Modified by Silane Coupling Agents." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.353.

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Nano-silica was prepared using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor by sol-gel technology based on stÖber method. These silica nanoparticals were further modified with silane coupling agents, i.e., Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), dimethoxydiphenylsilane (DMMPS), to introduce organic functional groups on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles. The Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that these silane coupling agents were anchored on the surface of silica particles. And the obtained organic–inorganic hybrid SiO2 particles showed an improvement in hydrophobicity, which can effectively inhibit these silica particles from aggregating.
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Silva, Nuno João O., Angel Millan, Vitor S. Amaral, Fernando Palacio, Lianshe Fu, Luís D. Carlos, and V. de Zea Bermudez. "Iron Oxide and Oxide-Hydroxide Nanoparticles in Organic-Inorganic Matrices." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.142.

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Nanometric ferrihydrite, maghemite and magnetite particles formed within an organicinorganic hybrid matrix were obtained by the sol-gel process. In contrast to precipitation techniques, sol-gel process appears as suitable way to achieve size-controlled nanoscopic magnetic particles anchored in a hybrid structure. The hybrid matrix here reported, named di-ureasil, is composed of poly(oxyethylene) chains grafted to siloxane groups by means of urea cross-linkages. The formation of ferrihydrite particles was achieved incorporating iron nitrate during the sol-gel process, at low pH. The formation of maghemite takes place after the incorporation of a mixture of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions and treatment with an ammonia solution, after the sol-gel process. Magnetite nanoparticles are formed after the incorporation of Fe2+ ions and treatment with ammonia at 80°C. The AC magnetic susceptibility shows thermal irreversibility with a blocking temperature TB≈13K and ≈25K depending on frequency for the ferrihydrite and maghemite particles, respectively. The magnetite nanoparticles are blocked at room temperature. Above the irreversibility the magnetization of ferrihydrite and maghemite follows a Langevin function modified with a linear term, as found in antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic particles.
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Choi, Jin-Wook, and Jun Hyup Lee. "Selectively UV-Blocking and Visibly Transparent Adhesive Films Embedded with TiO2/PMMA Hybrid Nanoparticles for Displays." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 21, 2020): 5273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225273.

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To simultaneously achieve the high visible transparency and enhance the ultraviolet (UV)-blocking performance of displays, inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles, comprising TiO2 as a core and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a shell, were uniformly incorporated into the optically clear adhesive (OCA) used in the front of a display device. The highly refractive TiO2 nanocore could selectively scatter UV rays, which degrade the display performance, owing to the differences in the refractive indices between the inorganic particles and PMMA matrix, thereby offering an improved UV protection property to the adhesive film. Moreover, the organic PMMA nanoshell maintained the high visible light transmittance of the pristine OCA film via the prevention of particle agglomeration. To examine the effect of the PMMA nanoshell and nanoparticle size on the optical properties of the adhesive films, the OCA films embedded with only TiO2 nanoparticles or hybrid nanoparticles with different particle sizes were prepared using a roll-to-roll process, and characterized in the range of UV and visible lights using UV-visible spectroscopy. It is experimentally revealed that the adhesive film including small TiO2/PMMA hybrid nanoparticles at an extremely low content exhibited enhanced UV-blocking properties and increased visible light transmittance compared to that with only TiO2 nanoparticles.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inorganic Nanoparticles, Organic Particles"

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Agrawal, Mukesh. "Design, Fabrication and Applications of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Systems." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1222087625808-43472.

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A simple and facile way to the fabrication of nano to micro scale organic-inorganic hybrid particles was demonstrated. A well known “template-assisted approach” was chosen for the preparation of these hybrid particles, in which the inorganic material of interest is templated against the template particles. A series of colloidal template particles including, polystyrene, poly (vinylcaprolactam) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) was used for the deposition of a variety of metal oxides/hydroxide nanoparticles. A classical surfactant free co-polymerization process was employed for the synthesis of these template particles. To facilitate the deposition of inorganic nanoparticles in subsequent steps, these colloidal particles were functionalized with the suitable functional groups. For this purpose, polystyrene particles were synthesized in the presence of acetoacetoxyethylmethacrylate (AAEM) co-monomer. Similarly, poly (vinylcaprolactam) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) particles were functionalized by adding AAEM and acrylic acid co-monomers, respectively, during their synthesis. It is thought that an effective interaction between these functionalities of employed template and metal oxide/hydroxide precursors is the driving force for the fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrid particles. A number of metal oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles including ZnO, TiO2, Ta2O5 and In(OH)3 were deposited on the surface of polystyrene colloidal particles. A systematic variation in the employed reaction conditions allowed a modulation in size, shape, morphology, shell thickness and inorganic contents of resulting hybrid particles. Similar effect of the employed Indium isopropoxide concentration on the morphology of PS-In(OH)3 hybrid particles was observed. In the case of PS-TiO2 and PS-Ta2O5 only core-shell morphology was observed. However, suitable surface chemistry and careful selection of reaction parameters allowed the deposition of as much thick as 130 nm TiO2/Ta2O5 shell on the polystyrene core. In addition, a controlled manipulation of the shell thickness with the employed concentration of inorganic salt was observed. Polystyrene colloidal particles coated with a high refractive index material such as TiO2, were employed as building blocks for the fabrication of self assembled colloidal crystals. The variation in particle size and TiO2 content of employed building blocks allowed the manipulation in stop band position and band width of resulting photonic structures. Furthermore, PS-ZnO hybrid particles with raspberry-like morphology were exploited as carrier for ZnO nanoparticles into a host polymer matrix to achieve a nanocomposite material. In addition, fabrication of a series of closed, intact and mechanically robust hollow spheres, composed of pure and mixed metal oxides was demonstrated. The removal of polystyrene core from PS-TiO2 and PS-Ta2O5 hybrid particles by chemical or thermal treatment resulted into the hollow TiO2 and Ta2O5 spheres, respectively. Templating of PVCL colloidal particles against ZnO nanoparticles was shown and variation in physical properties of the resulting hybrid microgels as a function of the loaded amount of ZnO nanoparticles was demonstrated. PVCL-ZnO hybrid microgels showed the temperature sensitivity of the template particles and the UV-absorbing property of the loaded ZnO nanoparticles. It was demonstrated that these hybrid materials can effectively be used in the preparation of a transparent UV-shielding material. In addition, the deposition of preformed and functionalized quantum dots (CdTe) on the surface of PNIPAm microgel particles was explored and a manipulation in the fluorescent properties of loaded quantum dots as a result of temperature induced swelling and deswelling of microgel template was investigated. It was found that the fluorescence of deposited quantum dots can be switched to “ON” or “OFF” by changing the temperature of the surrounding media. These hybrid particles are envisioned to be used in the fabrication of temperature nanosensors.
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Alfinaikh, Reem. "Preparation and Characterization of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)(MW 35K and 100K)/ Silica Nanoparticle Composites." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2017. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/109.

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In recent years, polymer-inorganic nanoparticle compositions have been a subject of considerable interest in order to achieve desired chemical, physical properties and mechanical properties. In this study a polymer nanocomposites have been prepared by incorporating silica nanoparticles (~20 nm) as fillers into poly(ethylene oxide) matrix. The composites of poly(ethylene oxide) and silica nanoparticles were prepared by solution blending. The product composites were powders. The thermal properties of the composites were investigated using the Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C solid state, T1ρ), Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were used to investigate the effect of the nanoparticles on the polymer matrix. The results suggest that the silica nanoparticles were reasonably well dispersed in the PEO 35K. The dispersion was accompanied by slightly reduced the crystallinity. However, with increasing the SiO2 nanoparticles the aggregation Phenomenon appears. Moreover, with increase in the MW of the PEO to 100K the dispersion of the nanoparticles decreased and aggregation phenomenon is observed even at lower of SiO2 contents.
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Pryor, Donald Edward. "Synthesis and Bioactivity Studies of Nanoparticles Based on Simple Inorganic and Coordination Gallium Compounds as Cellular Delivering Vehicles of Ga(III) Ions for Potential Therapeutic Applications." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1543554532063877.

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Otsuka, Takeshi. "Functionalization of Organic-Inorganic Nano-Hybrids Utilizing Inorganic Nanoparticles." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126813.

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Keum, Dong-ki. "Organic-inorganic composites of CaCO3 particles by organic polymer templates." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147661.

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Luo, Jiazhong. "Inorganic-organic nanocomposites formed using porous ceramic particles." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48108383.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1998.
Advisor: John J. Lannutti, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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Deotare, Parag Bhaskar. "Fabrication of organic and inorganic nanoparticles using electrospray." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1290.

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Schumacher, Manuela. "Smart organic-inorganic nanohybrids of functionalized silsesquioxane nanoparticles." kostenfrei, 2008. http://opus.ub.uni-bayreuth.de/volltexte/2009/549/.

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Ito, Hideaki. "Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites of Metal Nanoparticles." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147659.

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Jung, Jaehan. "Organic-inorganic nanocomposites for renewable energy conversion devices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53537.

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A robust synthetic routes to crafting conjugated polymer (CP) grafted semiconducting nanocrystal (NC) nanocomposites with the intimate contact between these two semiconducting constituents was introduced. The architecture of semiconducting nanocrystals (i.e., CdSe, and CdTe) was controlled by tuning the fraction of mobile bifunctional ligands, yielding azide functionalized CdSe nanorods, CdTe tetrapods, and CdSe tetrapods after conversion of bromide group into azide moiety. Subsequently, ethynyl end-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were grafted onto NC surfaces via catalyst-free click chemistry. The intimate contact between P3HT and semiconducting NCs rendered the effective dispersion of NCs in nanocomposites, and facilitated their efficient electronic interaction as can be confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The success of coupling reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the effect of size and shape of semiconducting NCs and the types of functional ligands on the photovoltaic device performance was studied.
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Books on the topic "Inorganic Nanoparticles, Organic Particles"

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Rapid production of micro- and nano-particles using superficial water. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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Inorganic nanoparticles: Synthesis, applications, and perspectives. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011.

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Hadis, Morkoç, ed. Advanced semiconductor and organic nano-techniques. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2003.

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1944-, Pelizzetti Ezio, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Fine Particles Science and Technology: From Micro to Nanoparticles (1995 : Acquafredda di Maratea, Italy), eds. Fine particles science and technology: From micro to nanoparticles. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Sohn, Hong Yong. Chemical vapor synthesis of inorganic nanopowders. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Mittal, K. L. Particles on Surfaces 2: Detection, Adhesion, and Removal. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990.

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Mittal, Kashmiri Lal. Particles on Surfaces 1: Detection, Adhesion, and Removal. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989.

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Jongh, L. J. Physics and Chemistry of Metal Cluster Compounds: Model Systems for Small Metal Particles. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994.

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Jesus M. de la Fuente and V. Grazu. Nanobiotechnology: Inorganic Nanoparticles vs Organic Nanoparticles. Elsevier, 2012.

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Nanobiotechnology - Inorganic Nanoparticles vs Organic Nanoparticles. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2010-0-69604-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Inorganic Nanoparticles, Organic Particles"

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Kawaguchi, H. "Synthesis of Functionalized Polymer Particles." In Single Organic Nanoparticles, 44–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55545-9_4.

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Rahman, Md Mahbubor, and Abdelhamid Elaissari. "Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Magnetic Latex." In Hybrid Latex Particles, 237–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2010_59.

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Clearfield, Abraham, and Agustin Diaz. "Zirconium Phosphate Nanoparticles and Their Extraordinary Properties." In Tailored Organic-Inorganic Materials, 1–44. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792223.ch1.

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Colón, Jorge L., and Barbara Casañas. "Drug Carriers Based on Zirconium Phosphate Nanoparticles." In Tailored Organic-Inorganic Materials, 395–437. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792223.ch10.

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Bourgeat-Lami, Elodie, and Muriel Lansalot. "Organic/Inorganic Composite Latexes: The Marriage of Emulsion Polymerization and Inorganic Chemistry." In Hybrid Latex Particles, 53–123. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2010_60.

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Milani, Marziale, Roberta Curia, Natalia Vladimirovna Shevlyagina, and Francesco Tatti. "Nanoparticles and Toxicity." In Bacterial Degradation of Organic and Inorganic Materials, 77–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26949-3_5.

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Balasubramanian, M., and P. Jawahar. "Nanocomposites Based on Inorganic Nanoparticles." In Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Inorganic and Organic Nanomaterials, 257–346. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119179108.ch9.

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Melman, Artem. "Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Protein Templates." In Fine Particles in Medicine and Pharmacy, 195–221. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0379-1_7.

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Hong, R. Y., and Q. Chen. "Dispersion of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrices: Challenges and Solutions." In Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials, 1–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2014_286.

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Naka, Kensuke, and Yoshiki Chujo. "Nanohybridized Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Organization." In Nanohybridization of Organic-Inorganic Materials, 3–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92233-9_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Inorganic Nanoparticles, Organic Particles"

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Du, H., S. H. Ng, K. T. Neo, M. Ng, I. S. Altman, S. Chiruvolu, N. Kambe, R. Mosso, and K. Drain. "Inorganic-Polymer Nanocomposites for Optical Applications." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17088.

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The combination of organic and inorganic materials forms unique composites with properties that neither of the two components provides. Such functional materials are considered innovative advanced materials that enable applications in many fields, including optics, electronics, separation membranes, protective coatings, catalysis, sensors, biotechnology, and others. The challenge of incorporating inorganic particles into an organic matrix still remains today, especially for nanoparticles, due to the difficulties in their dispersion, de-agglomeration and surface modification. NanoGram has pioneered a nanomaterials synthesis technology based on laser pyrolysis process to produce a wide range of crystalline nanomaterials including complex metal oxides, nitrides and sulfides and with precisely controlled compositions, crystal structure, particle size and size distributions. In this paper we will present some examples of nanocomposites prepared using different polymer host materials and phase-pure rutile TiO2. The inorganic component can be dispersed at higher 50 weight percent into the polymer matrix. We have demonstrated a 0.2–0.3 increase of refractive index in the composite over that of host polymer while maintaining high optical transparency. These nanocomposites can be used in a range of applications or optical devices, such as planar waveguides, flat panel displays, optical sensors, high-brightness LEDs, diffraction gratings and optical data storage. Experimental data on TiO2 nanoparticle characterization, dispersion technique, surface modification and will be presented and nanocomposite properties discussed.
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Niebert, Marcus, James Riches, Mark Howes, Charles Ferguson, Robert G. Parton, Anton P. J. Middelberg, Llew Rintoul, and Peter M. Fredericks. "Hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles: controlled incorporation of gold nanoparticles into virus-like particles and application in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." In Smart Materials, Nano- and Micro-Smart Systems, edited by Nicolas H. Voelcker. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.695578.

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Asmatulu, R., W. Khan, K. D. Nguyen, and M. B. Yildirim. "Synthesizing Magnetic Nanocomposite Fibers by Electrospinning Method." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69111.

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Flexible magnetic nanocomposite fibers were produced by electrospinning method using a polymeric solution containing poly(acrylonitrile) and magnetite nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles (∼10 nm) were prepared by a chemical co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chloride salts in the presence of an ammonium hydroxide solution. The effect of magnetic particle concentrations (e.g., 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) on nanocomposite fibers, distribution and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental study indicated that the average diameters of the magnetic nanocomposite fibers were between 400 nm and 1.08 μm. The magnetic responds were also found to increase linearly with increasing percent loading of the magnetic nanoparticles. It is concluded that this study provides promising results for various applications, such as filtration and separation of micron and nanosize organic and inorganic particles, HF antenna fabrication and biomedical.
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Balogh, Lajos P., and Mohamed K. Khan. "Biodistribution of Dendrimer Nanocomposites for Nano-Radiation Therapy of Cancer." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17025.

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Multifunctional nanocomposites have an enormous scientific and practical future in medicine, especially in biomedical imaging and targeted delivery. Multifunctional composite nanodevices (CND) possess chemical and physical properties of all components, while interactions with the environment of the nanoparticle are dominated by the contact surface of the host molecule. Thus, if the surface is dominated by the organic component of a nano-sized organic-inorganic composite particle, an inorganic particle property can be manipulated in a biologic environment as if it belonged to an organic macromolecule. Composition, charge, and size of are critical in determining nanoparticle trafficking and uptake by organs, and therefore this knowledge is crucial for the development of cancer imaging and therapies. Specific biokinetics and biodistribution then can be influenced by correctly selecting size, and modifying surface characteristics, such as covalently attaching various targeting moieties to the surface forming biohybrids, regulating the surface charge, etc. Dendrimer nanocomposites are recently developed nearly monodisperse hybrid nanoparticles composed of macromolecular hosts and very small, uniformly dispersed inorganic guest domains combining desirable properties of the components. The surface groups control the interaction of these nanodevices with the biological environment. As a result of various synthetic options, the interior and/or the exterior of the host can be cationic, anionic, or non-ionic, depending on their termini and interior functionalities and the pH, and may involve multiple targeting moieties. We have synthesized gold/dendrimer nanocomposites to carry payload radiation and/or diagnostic moiety to specific targets. We examined the biodistribution of the templates and the corresponding gold/dendrimer nanocomposites. We employed the same dendrimer template and systematically varied the size, the surface charge and the composition. Biodistribution of {Au} gold/dendrimer nanodevices of various size (5, 12 and 22 nm) and surface charge (positive, negative) was investigated in mice models (B16 melanoma and DU145 human prostate cancer). Isotope neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to measure the presence of Au(0) in the tissue sample. All {Au} gold/dendrimer-nanocomposites were assayed for their quantitative short-term (1hr), intermediate (1 day) and long-term (4 days) biodistribution throughout organs for clinical toxicity. Delivery of radiation dose was achieved by radioactive {198Au} composites in a mice model. We have shown that modulating surface charge and composition will greatly change the biodistribution characteristics of the nanodevices. Rigorous testing of the principles that govern nanoparticle interactions with the complex environment of biological systems will be critical for an understanding of how these nanodevices will behave in vivo.
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Zheleva, Darina, Margarita Koleva, Desislava Angelova, Desislava Grabcheva, and Petar Todorov. "Methods for Modification of Cotton Fabrics with Gelatin – Glutaraldehyde and ZnO Nanoparticles." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.ii.29.

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Cotton fabrics have good water absorption properties, air permeability, non-toxicity, but microorganisms easily damage them. Collagen is a commonly used biomaterial that has properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, but with poor mechanical properties. Glutaraldehyde is the main cross-linking agent for collagen and characterized by antimicrobial properties. ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, anticorrosive and protective properties against UV, is widely applicable in medicine. The combination of all these components in one biocomposite with potential antimicrobial properties and healing effect can find application in medical practice. In this study, an attempt was made to improve the properties of cotton fabric by impregnating it with gelatin hydrogel cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and containing ZnO nanoparticles. Three methods of modification were applied, varying the mixing regimes of the components and the conditions. The composite materials were investigated by means of SEM, FTIR, and fluorescence analysis. The morphological analyzes of the samples modified by different methods show that the spherical particles of ZnO have changed into a flower-like structures; the particles are covered by the collagen film; and dispersed and agglomerated in certain places. FTIR analyzes prove interactions between the organic and inorganic components. This is also confirmed by the observed fluorescent properties, which are of different intensity. All these observations suggest good antibacterial properties that will be the subject of future research.
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Shin, Donghyun, Byeongnam Jo, Hyun-eun Kwak, and Debjyoti Banerjee. "Investigation of High Temperature Nanofluids for Solar Thermal Power Conversion and Storage Applications." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23296.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the enhancement of thermal properties of various high temperature nanofluids for solar thermal energy storage application. In concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, the thermo-physical properties of the heat transfer fluids (HTF) and the thermal energy storage (TES) materials are key to enhancing the overall system efficiency. Molten salts, such as alkali nitrates, alkali carbonates, or eutectics are considered as alternatives to conventional HTF to extend the capabilities of CSP. However, there is limited usage of molten salt eutectics as the HTF material, since the heat capacity of the molten salts are lower than that of conventional HTF. Nanofluid is a mixture of a solvent and nanoparticles. Well dispersed nanoparticles can be used to enhance thermo-physical properties of HTF. In this study, silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles as well as carbon nanotubes (CNT) were dispersed into a molten salt and a commercially available HTF. The specific heat capacity of the nanofluids were measured and applicability of such nanofluid materials for solar thermal storage applications were explored. Measurements performed using the carbonate eutectics and commercial HTF that are doped with inorganic and organic nano-particles show specific heat capacity enhancements exceeding 5–20% at concentrations of 0.05% to 2.0% by weight. Dimensional analyses and computer simulations were performed to predict the enhancement of thermal properties of the nanofluids. The computational studies were performed using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Alyami, Noktan Mohammed, Vikrant Wagle, Abdullah Saleh Alyami, and Rajendra Kalgaonkar. "Anionic Nanoparticle Based Formulation to Control and Cure Moderate to Severe Losses." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211493-ms.

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Abstract Moderate to severe losses can be treated using the loss circulation composition involving nanomaterial-based dispersion and a chemical activator. The nanomaterial employed is an environmentally friendly type of nanosilica. The composition facilitates delayed gelling of nanomaterial-based dispersion. One key benefit of this technology is that it can place the composition into the target loss circulation zone before the nanomaterial-based dispersion gels up. This ensures that the treatment fluid does not set prematurely before reaching the target zone. It is possible to effectively use the newly developed system up to 300°F. In this study, experiments have been carried out on three different types of nanomaterials that have varying surface charges and particle sizes. Two of the nanomaterials have negatively charged nanomaterial-based dispersions and particles measuring 5nm and 17nm in size, whilst the remaining nanomaterial has a positively charged nanomaterial-based dispersion and particles that are larger than 17nm. Moreover, two different types of chemical activators have been employed, namely organic and inorganic activators, whilst their impacts on gelling times have also been assessed. The gelling time experiments were carried out at four different temperatures starting from 150 °C to 300 °C with increment of 50 °C in each experiment. This research also examined the impacts of activator concentration and different shear rates on the gelling times of the three nanomaterial-based dispersions, whilst permeability plugging tests were carried out using 2mm slotted disks in order to assess their effectiveness in controlling moderate to severe losses.
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Deville, Jay P., Preston A. May, and J. J. Miller. "Nanoparticle Fluid Loss Control Additive Enables Zero-Spurt Loss in High Performance Water-Based Drilling Fluids." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208695-ms.

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Abstract Fluid invasion into permeable formations can lead to a host of undesirable effects during well construction. These effects which include formation instability, formation damage, and differential sticking, can result in reduced wellbore productivity or increased non-productive time (NPT). These issues are particularly acute in water-based drilling fluids which tend to have worse fluid loss control than non-aqueous fluids. A variety of additives, including clay minerals and polymers, have been used extensively to mitigate fluid loss in water-based fluids. Often additional materials, such as latex polymer dispersions, are added to act as sealing agents to further reduce fluid loss. The primary role of these sealing agents is to reduce spurt loss, which is the fluid lost prior to the construction of an adequate filter cake and establishment of steady-state fluid loss behavior. Despite application of these combinations of products, there remains a need for improved offerings particularly at higher temperatures and in more permeable formations. In this paper, we report a new hybrid organic/inorganic nanoparticle fluid loss control additive that substantially reduces fluid loss volumes and remarkably affords fluids with no spurt loss. The new hybrid nanoparticle additive was evaluated in several concentrations in a variety of water-based drilling fluid formulations, including both freshwater and brine-based fluids. Standard rheological properties were measured using a rotational viscometer, both before and after aging at elevated temperature. The critical fluid loss measurements were conducted using both high temperature/high pressure (HTHP) filtration and particle plugging tests (PPT). For PPT, various pore throat sizes and differential pressures were evaluated. These results were compared to parallel trials conducted with the same water-based mud formulations containing alternative fluid loss or sealing agents. Water-based drilling fluids containing the new nanoparticle were shown to outperform conventional additives. In some formulations filtrate volumes in both PPT and HTHP tests were reduced significantly. In others, a considerably lower loading of the nanoparticle additive yielded filtrate volumes that were comparable to higher loadings of existing additives. In both cases the rheological impact of the nanoparticle was not substantially different than the alternatives evaluated. The nanoparticle solution was shown to be robust, providing fluid and spurt loss reduction across a range of formulations, pore throat sizes, temperatures, and differential pressures. Nanotechnology remains an exciting frontier in the development of efficient, high-performance additives for drilling fluids. The ability of these innovative nanoparticles to reduce filtrate volumes and provide zero spurt loss represents a step-change in filtration control in water-based fluids. Application of these nanoparticles in well construction can allow for improved wellbore stability, reduced formation damage due to fluid invasion, and reduced NPT.
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Visileanu, Emilia, Marian Catalin Grosu, Paul Tiberiu Miclea, Korinna Altmann, and Dirk Brossell. "Methods for the collection and characterization of airborne particles in the textile industry." In 5th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design: Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004132.

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Airborne particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants. Their impact on mortality, and the occurrence of pulmonary and cardiovascular complications, have been the subject of numerous studies. Airborne particles are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic substances from different sources of particle emissions. Particulate Matter (PM) particles are classified according to their aerodynamic diameter expressed in µm and can vary from coarse (PM 10) to fine (less than PM 2.5). These diameter considerations are fundamental because they condition the penetration of particles into the bronchopulmonary system and the body. In recent years, there has been an interest in so-called “ultra-fine” particles, with a diameter of 0.1 µm (or 100 nm), or PM 0.1. They are nanoparticles and their impact on human health is not yet clear.With more than 1.5 million employees, textiles and clothing is a diverse sector that plays an important role in the European manufacturing industry, producing a turnover of €162 billion.An important component of the solid particles that generate air pollution in the textile industry is microplastics (MP) and nano plastics (NP), which also include microfibers (<5mm) and nanofibers (<100 nm), respectively. The particles released into the air during fiber and yarn processing range from 1 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3.The paper presents the results of the determination of indoor and outdoor air concentration levels in textile companies, to identify the areas with the highest concentration level, by using an online recording system such as the Laser Aerosol Spectrometer MINI LAS model 11-E. The total concentration level TSP (µg/m3), the fractions PM 10(µg/m3), PM 2.5(µg/m3), PM1(µg/m3), as well as the total number of particles TC (1/l), were shown. It was noted that TSP is approximately at the same level both indoors and outdoors, but the fractions of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 have much higher values indoors than outdoors with possible consequences on workers' health.The next step was the collection of fibers, namely micro and nano plastic particles from the vicinity of the workplaces of polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene fibers processing units in the textile industry in Romania, to obtain a sufficient quantity for laboratory analysis to determine the size and shape of the particles as well as their chemical composition. Two types of pumps were used, differentiated by their operating parameters: TECORA SKYPOST with airflow of 38 l/min and GILAIRPLUS with airflow 2l/min. Filters made of different materials with different diameters and pore sizes were used, namely: quartz filters (ø 47 mm, and ø 37 mm) on a TECORA SKYPOST type pump, polycarbonate nucleopore coated with a gold membrane (ø 25 mm) and silica filter (ø 9 mm) on GILAIRPLUS type pump.Using descriptive statistics, the calculation of correlation coefficients highlighted a strong correlation between the variables: "Collected mass/ Air concentration" and "Collected mass/ Air volume" for all diameters of the filters.The highest collected particle volume, determined by weighing the filters before and after collection, was obtained with the quartz filters (ø 47 mm) at an airflow of 38 l/min. The particles collected (polyester, polyamide, polypropylene) in the first stage were analyzed by SEM and thermogravimetric and it was found that the quartz filters absorbed the particles inside, with very few remaining on the surface. Thus no known methods can be used to perform analysis for particles collected on quartz filters. The number of particles on the filters was insufficient for analysis either because of the collection parameters used or because of the loss of particles during transport. As a result, in the next step, the use of 9 mm Si filters using the GILAIRPLUS pump at an airflow rate of 2l/min was chosen.To improve the transport conditions and avoid the loss of the particles and keep them on the surface of the filters, two methods were applied:- after weighing the filters were reintroduced into the collection pump holder;- a filtration system for airborne micro-nano plastics was designed and manufactured to selectively collect and transport PM10 and PM1 particles collected on SI filters.In both cases, SEM, Raman mapping, and GS-MS microscopy were used for analysis.Several times more PM10 than PM1 (74.5µg compared to 12.5 µg) was found. In all cases, both particles and fibers showed the same Raman fingerprint.The GS-MS analyses showed some contamination of the workspaces with particles other than the processed fibers. The presence of non-notifiable substances was also observed.The most viable filters are Si filters with a pore size of 10 microns to 1 micron and the use of the selected collection and transport filter system. In the following a filter system will be applied for collection on Au membrane-coated polycarbonate filters.
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Goncalves, Rogeria R., Giovanni Carturan, Sergio Scarpari, D. C. Oliveira, Luciano A. Bueno, Sidney J. L. Ribeiro, Younes Messaddeq, et al. "Inorganic nanoparticles in organic-inorganic hybrid hosts for planar waveguides." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Robert A. Norwood. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.456538.

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Reports on the topic "Inorganic Nanoparticles, Organic Particles"

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Bond, Tami C., Mark J. Rood, Benjamin T. Brem, Francisco C. Mena-Gonzalez, and Yanju Chen. Optical Properties of Moderately-Absorbing Organic and Mixed Organic/Inorganic Particles at Very High Humidities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1038444.

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McCarthy, J. F. Summary Report on Transport of Contaminants in the Subsurface: The Role of Organic and Inorganic Colloidal Particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814260.

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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (> 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (< 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (>3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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