Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inoculation'
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Bambara, Sylvie Karumeyi. "Effect of rhizobium inoculation, molybdenum and lime on the growth and N2 fixation in P. vulgaris L." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/845.
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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture Science))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009The study used common bean (P. vulgaris L. variety Provider) in a spilt-split-plot design involving 2 levels of Rhizobium inoculation (with and without rhizobia), 3 levels of lime (0, 2 and 3 t.ha-1) and 3 levels of molybdenum (0, 6 and 12 g.kg-1 of seeds) in a glasshouse experiment. The glasshouse experiment was then verified in the field during 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons. The aim was to assess the effects of Rhizobium inoculation, molybdenum and lime supply on: i) yield and yield components of the P. vulgaris L. ii) Changes in soil pH and the concentrations of selected plant-available nutrients in the rhizosphere, iii) photosynthesis and chlorophyll formation in P. vulgaris L. and (iv) plant growth and N2-fixation in P. vulgaris L. The results showed that Rhizobium inoculation had significant effects in increasing yield components and ultimately the final seed yield. Rhizobial inoculation also significantly increased the levels of chlorophyll content in leaves, improved all photosynthetic parameters, increased dry matter yield of different organs and decreased 15N values in all organs assessed. As a result, % nitrogen derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa) in all organs as well as the amount of N derived from fixation was improved. In the field, the whole plant level of N-fixation of P. vulgaris L. from Rhizobium inoculation accounted for approximately 33 kg N.ha-1. Furthermore, soil pH and the concentration of mineral nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) in the rhizosphere were significantly increased with Rhizobium inoculation when compared with the control.
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PFAU, MICHAEL WALTON. "INOCULATION IN POLITICAL CAMPAIGN COMMUNICATION." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184179.
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This study examined attack and inoculation message strategies in political campaign communication. A total of 341 initial and followup treatment interviews and 392 control interviews were completed among potential voters in a U.S. Senate campaign during October 1986. The study hypothesized that character attack messages directed to supporters of opposing candidates exert more influence than issue attack messages. This prediction was not supported. Contrary to prediction, the results indicated that, during the latter stages of a political campaign featuring known candidates, issue attack messages exert more persuasive impact than character attack messages. However, the primary purpose of this investigation was to apply McGuire's inoculation theory to political campaign communication. The study hypothesized that political campaign messages can be designed to inoculate supporters of candidates against the subsequent attack messages of opposing candidates. This prediction was supported. In addition, the results supported the hypothesis that inoculation confers more resistance to subsequent attack messages among strong political party identifiers as opposed to weak identifiers, nonidentifiers and crossovers. Contrary to prediction, however, the study found that inoculation confers more resistance among Democrat party loyalists as opposed to Republican party loyalists. The results of this investigation extend the scope of inoculation theory to new domain, and at the same time, suggest a new strategic approach for candidates in political campaigns.
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Nair, Elizabeth. "Stress inoculation in relation to war." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11039/.
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This study is primarily concerned with the possible use and effectiveness of stress inoculation as a psychological preparation for combat. Initial fieldwork, in the form of a review of current practices and their supporting rationales, was carried out in military establishments in three small countries with conscript armies: Sweden, Switzerland and Israel. Commanders,Chief Instructors of Officer Cadet Schools,and military psychologists were interviewed: questions focused on the role, nature and evaluation of stress-related training. These data allowed a cognitive-behavioural model of the soldier in combat to be established, which identified various interventions to improve functioning during that combat. Using this model,a form of stress inoculation was constructed based on the Israeli procedure of group emotional reconstruction (GER) and involving aspects of Swedish audiovisual stress training. Subsequently,four laboratory experiments were conducted which considered the effectiveness of this stress inoculation procedure using a simulated combat stress scenario. These experimental studies were conducted with pre-conscript males in Singapore. Singapore shares common characteristics, geographical, economic, political, demographic and military, with the three countries visited. Several interesting findings emerged. First, although there was some evidence of a stress inoculation effect in terms of differences in the pattern of mood change across the treatment and test sessions(between GER and control conditions in the first two experiments),there was no persistent or lasting difference. It was concluded that the validity of the GER procedure for stress inoculation was not proved. Second, in several of the experiments, subjects' levels of arousal were observed to be reduced on exposure to "disturbing" stimuli and at times when their levels of stress remained high. It was suggested that this change from a high stress: high arousal experience (eg anxiety) to a high stress: low arousal experience (eg boredom) might reflect the subjects' use of cognitive disengagement as a coping strategy. Third, at the end of each test phase, subjects in the GER condition showed some evidence of cognitive disengagement in their mood response, except in the last experiment when they were required to complete a performance test. Finally, when the performance test was introduced in the test phase, it appears to have served as a distractor from the experience of stress for subjects in all conditions. The results are discussed in the light of the existing literature on stress inoculation, and recommendations for further research are presented.
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Wert, Janine Jackson. "Psychological Inoculation and Resiliency Training Program." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406653492.
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Magnusson, Lena. "On the Nucleation and Inoculation of Metals." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3893.
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Greiner, Blake William. "Inoculation and Spread of Dickeya in Potatoes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29461.
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Field experiments were conducted in two different growing environments to evaluate the spread and movement of Dickeya dadantii. A procedure to inoculate seed potatoes with Dickeya dadantii was developed to use during this study. Spread of Dickeya dadantii from inoculated potato seed to healthy potato seed during the handling, cutting and planting procedures was not detected at either location. Spread of Dickeya dadantii from inoculated seed to surrounding progeny tubers in the field was documented in both locations. In Florida, 33% of progeny tubers tested positive for Dickeya using PCR, and in North Dakota, 13% of the progeny tubers tested positive. Stunting was observed in plants grown from Dickeya dadantii inoculated seed tubers in North Dakota, but not in Florida. These results indicate that Dickeya dadantii may spread during the seed handling and cutting processes and can spread in the field from infected seed tubers to progeny tubers.
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Coyne, Michael D. "Kindergarten intervention in beginning reading : inoculation or insulin? /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3024511.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-194). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Falab, Shanerin. "Virulence and Multiple infections of Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Gäum.) Göker, Riethm., Voglmayr, Weiss & Oberw. on Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS246/document.
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Les infections multiples sont courantes dans la nature et sont considérées comme très importantes dans l'évolution des caractéristiques biologiques des parasites. Théoriquement, les infections multiples devraient entraîner une évolution de la virulence à la fois comme stratégie adaptative et comme stratégie plastique. Dans cette thèse, j'utilise Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, un parasite naturel d'Arabidopsis thaliana, qui s'est avéré pratique pour des études en écologie évolutive, pour étudier: i) les infections multiples consécutives à la co-inoculation et à l'inoculation séquentielle; succès de l'infection et succès de transmission d’une souche individuelle (génotypage par PCR) et des phénotypes d'infection, y compris virulence entre inoculation unique et mixte, iii) effet du délai d'inoculation et d'ordre des souches inoculées sur les phénotypes d'infection et le succès de l'infection individuelle. Ici, j'ai trouvé une fréquence plus élevée de co-infection à la suite de l'inoculation séquentielle que à la suite de la co-inoculation des mêmes combinaisons de souches. L'inoculation mixte de certaines combinaisons de souches a entraîné une modification des phénotypes d'infection, souvent avec un succès d'infection plus faible chez certaines souches à la suite des inoculations en mélanges qu’en inoculation simple. Ce résultat implique une interférence entre les souches dans l'inoculum mixte. La virulence globale de l'infection après l'inoculation mixte n'était pas toujours supérieure à celle de l'infection à souche simple. De plus, les souches uniques utilisées dans ces expériences ne différaient pas toujours les unes des autres en termes de virulence. Le seul test d'un mélange de génotypes à trois souches a provoqué une virulence globale plus élevée que les trois infections à souche unique respectives. Une plus grande virulence globale dans ce cas pourrait être due à la plasticité des souches parasitaires inoculées, à la réponse à la présence d'autres souches dans l'inoculum mixte ou à l'effet de multiples souches supprimant le système de défense de l'hôte. Lorsque les souches ont été inoculées de manière séquentielle et non ensemble, le succès de l'infection de souches individuelles différait entre les différents ordres d'inoculation, ce qui pourrait être dû à des effets indirects via le système de défense de l'hôte. En résumé, l'inoculation séquentielle a semblé réduire l'interférence entre les souches parasitaires, avec un effet de décalage temporel et d'ordre de la souche inoculée sur le succès de l'infection de souches individuelles. Une interférence dans un inoculum mixte peut générer différents succès d'infection et phénotypes d'infection à partir des inoculations individuelles respectives. J'ai trouvé un cas évident de virulence globale plus élevée dans les infections causées par des inoculations mixtes. Par conséquent, une virulence globale plus élevée peut se produire malgré le fait que nous ne trouvions pas de meilleures performances de génotypes plus virulents dans des infections à la suite d'inoculations mixtes. Ainsi, ces résultats ne permettent pas de prédire l’évolution de la virulence supérieure parmi ces combinaisons de souches testées. Cependant, la plasticité des phénotypes des souches inoculées dans l'inoculum mixte a généré une virulence globale de l'infection plus élevée. Ces résultats peuvent aider à comprendre comment les génotypes de parasites répondent aux infections mixtesMultiple infections are common in nature, and are considered very important in the evolution of parasite life-history traits. Theoretically, multiple infections should lead to evolution of higher levels of virulence both as an adaptive and as a plastic strategy. In this thesis I use Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, a natural parasite of Arabidopsis thaliana, which has proven a useful tool for unlocking some evolutionary ecology questions, to investigate: i) multiple infections following co-inoculation and sequential inoculation, ii) number of infected plants, infection success and transmission success of individual strain (genotyping via PCR), and infection phenotypes including virulence between after single- and mixed inoculation, iii) effect of time lag of inoculation and order of inoculated strain on infection phenotypes and individual strain infection success. Here I found that sequential inoculation contributed higher frequency of co-infection than co-inoculation of the same strain combinations. Mixed inoculum of some strain combinations led to modification of overall infection phenotypes, often with poorer infection success of individual strains compared with that of the more infectious strains. This result implies interference between strains in mixed inoculum. Overall virulence of infection after mixed inoculation was not always higher than that of single strain infection. Furthermore the single strains used in these experiments did not always differ from each other in virulence. The one test of a three-strain mixture of genotypes caused higher overall virulence than the three respective single strain infections. Higher overall virulence in this case might be caused by plasticity of inoculated parasite strains reponse to the presence of other strains in mixed inoculum or an effect of multiple strains suppressing the host defence system. When strains were inoculated sequentially instead of together, infection success of individual strains differed between different orders of inoculation, which could be due to indirect effects via the host defence system. In summary, sequential inoculation seemed to reduce interference between parasite strains, with effect of time lag and order of inoculated strain on infection success of individual strains. Interference in mixed inoculum can generate different infection successs and infection phenotypes from the respective single inoculations. I found one clear case of higher overall virulence in infections caused by mixed inoculations. Thus higher overall virulence can occur despite our not finding higher performance of more virulent genotypes from infections following mixed inoculations. Thus these finding do not predict the evolution of higher virulence among these strain combinations tested. However, plasticity of phenotypes of inoculated strains in mixed inoculum did generate higher overall virulence of infection. These findings can help to understand how the parasite genotypes respond to in mixed infections
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Nicoli, Cécile. "Etude et optimisation de la solidification d’aciers faiblement alliés lors du process de fonderie par inoculation." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0021/document.
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L’objectif de ce travail consiste à améliorer les propriétés mécaniques d’un acier faiblement allié à bas carbone (0,2%) sans recours à des procédés de métallurgie secondaire onéreux. Pour cela, un processus d’inoculation, déjà utilisé lors de l’élaboration des fontes, est transposé à notre nuance d’acier. Il consiste à ajouter des éléments en très faible quantité dans l’acier liquide pour en modifier le processus de solidification donc la microstructure et par conséquent les propriétés de l’acier, dont la résilience. L’ajout d’éléments en très faible quantité ne modifie pas la nuance d’acier. Ils doivent être ajoutés en fin de fusion du métal sous forme de poudre dans le jet de coulée. Les effets de ces éléments se verront sur la microstructure notamment au niveau des inclusions et de la taille des grains. Le « bon candidat » est un élément qui conduira à une répartition homogène d’inclusions de petites tailles et de forme sphérique. Il doit aussi permettre de réduire la taille des grains. Ces modifications de structure sont supposées améliorer les propriétés mécaniques de l’acier et notamment la résistance aux chocs. Une pièce de référence est réalisée pour pouvoir en étudier la microstructure. La forme retenue est un lingot parallélépipédique dimensionné à l’aide d’un logiciel de simulation de coulée afin de prévenir des principaux défauts de fonderie. La taille est adaptée à l’échelle laboratoire (capacité four 120 kg). Les charges de fusion correspondant à la nuance étudiée sont fournies par l’entreprise partenaire de la thèse, SAFE Metal. La première étape est d’obtenir un bain convenablement désoxydé ; c’est-à-dire ajouter de l’aluminium afin de piéger l’oxygène dissous pour l’évacuer. Pour mettre en évidence d’éventuels effets significatifs des différents inoculants testés, il faut partir d’un échantillon de référence contenant un nombre d’inclusions relativement élevé. Ceci est obtenu en ajoutant du soufre dans le bain liquide. Cet élément agit directement sur le nombre d’inclusions présentes dans l’acier en formant des sulfures. Pour passer à l’étape d’inoculation il a fallu créer un outillage spécifique pouvant s’adapter à l’échelle du laboratoire. Des essais sont ensuite réalisés avec différents produits à des concentrations variables. Les échantillons obtenus sont analysés par différentes techniques : analyse chimique de l’acier (spectrométrie étincelle et ICP), analyse de microstructure et de la taille de grains (par micrographie optique) et le comptage inclusionnaire. En ce qui concerne ce dernier point qui consiste à détecter les inclusions, à les compter et à les classer par leur nature, leur forme et leur taille, deux possibilités existent. Soit à l’aide d’un microscope optique mais les risques d’erreur sont importants et le processus est long et fastidieux, soit à l’aide d’un logiciel spécifique (AZtec) couplé à un microscope électronique à balayage (MEB). C’est ce choix qui a été fait, car outre le fait qu’il permette un gain de temps considérable grâce à une automatisation du processus, il est possible de connaître via une sonde EDS, la composition chimique de chaque particule. Pour tous les produits testés, il a été montré que l’inoculation n’avait que peu d’effet sur la taille des inclusions et qu’elles deviennent plus complexes en contenant plusieurs éléments chimiques. Pour certains produits, on voit apparaître des amas d’inclusions. Ces amas sont susceptibles de favoriser la fragilité de l’acier en formant des amorces de fissuration. Pour d’autres, les inclusions diminuent nettement, ont une forme globulaire et la taille des grains est affinée. Ces effets ont tendance à améliorer les propriétés mécaniques de ces aciers. La teneur d’introduction de l’inoculant est aussi déterminée pour un maximum d’efficacité. L’inoculant le plus important pourra être utilisé pour une possible industrialisationThe objective of this work is to improve the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel (0.2%) without the use of expensive secondary metallurgy processes. For this, a method of inoculation, already used during the development of the cast iron, is transposed to our steel grade. It consists in adding very small quantities in liquid steel in order to modify the solidification process, thus the microstructure and consequently the properties of the steel, especially resilience. The addition of elements in very small quantities does not modify the grade of steel. They must be added at the end of melting of the metal in the form of powder in the casting stream. The effects of these elements will be seen on the microstructure, particularly in terms of inclusions and grain size. The "good candidate" is an element that will lead to a homogeneous distribution of inclusions of small size and spherical shape. It must also make it possible to reduce the size of the grains. These structural modifications are supposed to improve the mechanical properties of the steel and in particular the impact resistance. A reference piece is made to study the microstructure. The retained shape is a parallelepiped ingot sized using a casting simulation software to prevent major foundry defects. The size is adapted to the laboratory scale (furnace capacity 120 kg). The load corresponding to the grade studied are provided by the SAFE Metal, the partner company. The first step is to obtain a suitably deoxidized bath; that means adding aluminum in order to trap the dissolved oxygen and to evacuate it. To demonstrate any significant effects of the various inoculants tested, it is necessary to start from a reference sample containing a relatively high number of inclusions. This is achieved by adding sulfur to the liquid bath. This element acts directly on the number of inclusions present in the steel by forming sulphides. For the inoculation stage, it was necessary to create specific tools that could be adapted to the laboratory scale. Trials are then carried out with different products at varying concentrations. The samples obtained are analyzed by various techniques: chemical analysis of steel (spark spectrometry and ICP), microstructure and grain size analysis (optical micrograph) and inclusion counting. In order to detect inclusions, count and classify them by their nature, shape and size, two possibilities exist. Either using an optical microscope but the risks of error are significant and the process is long and tedious, either using a specific software (AZtec) coupled to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is this choice that was made, because besides the fact that it allows a considerable saving of time thanks to an automation of the process, it is possible to know via an EDS probe, the chemical composition of each particle. For all the products tested, it was shown that inoculation had little effect on the size of the inclusions and that they became more complex by containing several chemical elements. For some products, clusters of inclusions appear. These clusters are likely to promote the fragility of steel by forming cracking primers. For others, the inclusions decrease sharply, have a globular shape and the grain size is refined. These effects tend to improve the mechanical properties of these steels. The introductory content of the inoculant is also determined for maximum effectiveness. The most efficient inoculant can be used for a possible industrialization
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South, Mary Lavinia. "The Southampton smallpox inoculation campaigns of the eighteenth century." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549637.
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This thesis investigates an aspect of Southampton's history not previously explored, the effects of smallpox on the town and its environs during the eighteenth century. The work provides a new viewpoint on the town's efforts to establish and maintain itself as a sea bathing and spa health resort, while at the same time supporting sick and wounded military personnel, prisoners of war and billeted troops. The study undertakes a detailed analysis of the town's inoculation records, held within the `Inoculation Book' and from this produces new information on the prevailing attitudes towards the poor, smallpox and inoculation in the town. Brief comparisons with Salisbury and Winchester demonstrate two alternative attitudes towards outbreaks of the disease and the use of inoculation, within these communities. The thesis attempts to assess the efficacy of each approach. This would merit further detailed investigation in the future. Throughout the eighteenth century there were reports of inhabitants fleeing from the towns to rural areas during smallpox outbreaks. The thesis investigates the plausibility of this premise for the Southampton area, and drawing on modem scientific research together with established ecological observation, places these combined findings within the historical context. This has resulted in an entirely new and important evaluation of the role of the rural ecological environment in the survival of earlier generations and would benefit from further investigation in other areas of the country.
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Tronche, Arnaud. "Investigation and modelling of inoculation of aluminium by TiC." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283936.
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Ayub, Najma. "The effect of VAM inoculation on interplant ¹⁵N transfer." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU546184.
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This thesis reports a study carried out to investigate the involvement of VA mycorrhizas in interplant 15N transfer in a model pasture system and in a model agroforestry system. Two pot experiments were designed to investigate the effect of VAM inoculation on 15N transfer from clover to rye grass in sterile (in the first experiment the sterilisation was by autoclaving and in the second, by gamma-irradiation) and fresh soil. A third pot experiment was designed to investigate the effect of VAM inoculation on 15N transfer from grass and clover to wild cherry seedlings in fresh soil. For these pot experiments donor plant seedlings were labelled with 15N by growing in Hoaglands solution containing K 15NO3 (5 atom % 15N). To study 15 N transfer and its possible mechanisms, plants and soil samples were analysed for 15N, total N (14N + 15N) and P concentrations. Rates of soil nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification, as well as 15N enrichment of available N were also determined to investigate N transfer through soil. There was transfer of 15N from donor to receiver in the simulated pasture system as well as in simulated agroforestry system. The transfer of 15N was increased by VAM inoculation. The transfer of 15N was small in relation to plant nutrition and was not associated with an increase in total N in the receiver plants although P concentrations were generally increased. There was no increase in the soil N fluxes of mineralisation and nitrification associated with enhanced 15N transfer from donor to receiver in the VAM inoculated system. In addition, there was often no increase in the 15N concentration in the soil available N pool of VAM inoculated systems. There was no evidence, therefore, of increased transfer of 15N through the soil in VAM inoculated systems with enhanced 15N interplant transfer, suggesting the likely involvement of VAM fungal hyphae. There was no marked effect on plant growth due to VAM inoculation. The growth of cherry, however, was reduced when grown with grass and this may have been due to N competition between the root systems. The growth of cherry seedlings was reduced to a lesser extent when grown with clover compared to when grown with grass. The findings of this study suggest that VA mycorrhizal hyphae play a part in interplant transfer of nitrogen. Although the study did not demonstrate high rates of 15N transfer in VAM inoculated system, circumstances are discussed where VAM interplant transfer of nutrients may become significant at the single plant, community and ecosystem level. The benefits to man of VAM mediated N transfer may be best realised in land use systems such as pastures having legumes and non-legumes, in mixed cropping of legumes and non-legumes and in an agroforestry system with a legume component, particularly when the soil is deficient in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Cunliffe, Louise. "Stress inoculation training for carers of people with dementia." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636487.
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Champion, Rebecca Allison. "Response of soybean to inoculation with efficient and inefficient Bradyrhizobium japonicum variants." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25418.
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Mayfield, Kerry L. "Preharvest aflatoxin in maize genotypes under inoculation with Aspergillus flavus." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1184.
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Rashid, Kazi Nayla. "The response of wheat genotypes to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12898.
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It is well documented in many studies that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are capable of increasing plant growth and productivity in a range of agricultural crops, reducing dependence on chemical amendments and maintaining a safe environment. Over the last two decades PGPR inoculants have been increasingly used in agriculture to improve crop productivity and farming system sustainability. Such eco-friendly technologies are needed to address sustainable food security and to avoid global dependence on hazardous agricultural chemicals which ultimately destabilize agro-ecosystems. The nitrogen fixing bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense, has been an important PGPB (plant growth promoting bacteria) used to enhance the growth and yield of many crops globally. This is attributed mainly to its ability to produce phytohormones. While much is known about A. brasilense, the promising effect of PGPBs in general in the field is limited by factors that influence their survival and activity in the rhizosphere. The attachment of bacteria to roots is an essential and necessary condition for the establishment of an effective association. This association is dependent upon the population density of active PGPB cells in the rhizosphere which are able to compete with indigenous bacteria. However, how survival and persistence of inoculant bacteria in the rhizosphere, the effect of inoculum on the rhizosphere community, in particular the nitrogen fixing community, and the effect of plant genotype contributes to plant growth promotion by Azospirillum in the field have not been widely studied. Better understanding of the plant x inoculum interaction requires determining if there is an effect of plant genotype and monitoring and estimation of the persistence of PGPB in the rhizosphere. The overall aim of this project was to examine the effect of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotype x Azospirillum interaction on colonization of roots and plant growth promotion. These effects were studied under both controlled hydroponic conditions in the laboratory and in the field. Plant growth parameters and bacterial colonization of the rhizosphere were determined in both conditions. Differences in root characteristics of twenty three diverse wheat genotypes were observed after growth in the hydroponic system; however responses to inoculation with A. brasilense Sp7 and Sp7-S were variable. In some cases growth parameters were increased and in others they were decreased. There was an apparent increase in responsiveness to inoculation with azospirilla by synthetically derived genotypes observed in root length measurements but otherwise there was no trend according to the genetic source of wheat. Microscopic observations confirmed the different root colonisation patterns by Sp7 and Sp7-S. However, colonisation pattern was not influenced by plant genotype. Relationships between shoot dry weight and root growth parameters were positive as expected but were strengthened with inoculation.
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Kennedy, Jacob Roman. "Development of a New Generation of Inoculants for Ti-Al Alloys." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0101/document.
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Les alliages Ti-Al sont depuis peu utilisés industriellement dans le domaine aéronautique. Il est nécessaire d’affiner les grains dans ces alliages en évitant la formation des précipités. Une nouvelle méthode d’inoculation appelée inoculation isomorphe a été développée où les particules agissent comme des sites de croissance plutôt que comme des sites de germination, évitant ainsi la barrière d’énergie pour la germination. Trois alliages inoculants ont été développés, les deux premiers, Ti-10Al-25Nb et Ti-25Al-10Ta, allient une bonne cohérence du paramètre de maille avec l’alliage de base et une bonne stabilité dans le liquide. Le troisième, Ti-47Ta, met en avant l’aspect stabilité. Les coulées ont montré que les premiers deux alliages ont affiné les grains sans laisser de particules hétérogènes. L’alliage binaire Ti-Ta a une densité trop importante et les particules ont sédimentées dans le lingot où elles n’ont pas pu jouer leur rôle. L’efficacité des inoculants est supérieure à l’unité, chaque particule étant responsable de la formation de plus d’un nouveau grain. Ce dernier effet est attribué à la polycristallinité des inoculants qui peuvent se fragmenter par dissolution préférentielle aux joints de grains. Les calculs prenant en compte la fragmentation et la dissolution indiquent des efficacités proches de l’unité, ce qui confirme les valeurs expérimentales d’efficacité anormalement élevéesTi-Al alloys are an important material for aerospace applications. In order to implement them in more applications it is important to develop a method of grain refinement which can avoid precipitates. A new method of inoculation called isomorphic inoculation was developed where inoculant particles act as direct centers of growth rather than nucleation sites, avoiding the energy barrier required for nucleation. Three inoculant alloys were tested, two which balanced lattice matching between the inoculant and bulk alloy and the inoculant stability in the liquid melt, Ti-10Al-25Nb and Ti-25Al-10Ta, and one which prioritized stability, Ti-47Ta. Casting trials were carried out which showed the balanced alloys sucessfully grain refined the as-cast structure without leaving any heterogeneous particles in the structure. The binary Ti-Ta alloy was not successful due to its high density which caused the particles to settle to the bottom of the ingots where they could not participate in solidification. The inoculants were found to have an efficiency greater than one, meaning each particle was responsible for more than one new grain forming in the cast structure. This was attributed to the polycrystalline nature of the partciles which may break up into multiple particles by preferential dissolution or wetting of the grain boundaries during interaction with the melt. Calculations showed that taking into account particle break up and dissolution the efficiencies approached one, indicating this mechanism is responsible for the anomalously high efficiencies observed
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Lashley, Eric P. "Applying the inoculation message strategy to the 1990 Illinois gubernatorial race." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063127/.
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Matthews, Sharon Sarah. "The response of wheat to inoculation with the diazothroph Azorhizobium caulinodans." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368250.
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Zondo, Patience Thembelihle. "Assessment of inoculation techniques to evalute apple resistance to Phytophthora cactorum." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52141.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) Schrot. is the primary cause of crown, collar and root rot diseases of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees worldwide. This pathogen is most destructive in commercial apple orchards under waterlogged soil conditions and has recently been identified as causing serious disease in some South African apple orchards. Crown, collar and root diseases are difficult to control because of their unpredictability and catastrophic nature. The use of resistant cultivars and rootstocks is economical and environmentally considerate. Therefore the need to develop screening techniques that will enable the selection of desirable disease resistant traits as part of an apple-breeding program in South Africa was identified. The work undertaken in this study was aimed at optimizing different techniques to test resistance. Using two direct inoculation techniques (excised stem and intact stem) the aggressiveness of lO isolates of P. cactorum on apple rootstocks was determined. The susceptibilities of five apple rootstocks were also compared. Results have shown isolate by rootstock interaction which means isolate aggressiveness was influenced by rootstocks tested. The selectivity of isolates suggests that there may be several strains of the pathogen. Population studies of the pathogen might contribute valuable information that could lead to better interpretation of results. Rootstock susceptibility was monitored in vitro throughout the season by inoculating at monthly intervals for 26-months. It was observed that during winter, rootstock susceptibility was low compared to high susceptibility during summer. These results have revealed new information regarding changes in the relative resistance of the different rootstocks over the growing season, e.g. the susceptibility pattern of rootstock MMl06 occurred 1 to -2 months later than that of other rootstocks. This finding has important implications on the way in which resistance test results are interpreted, and emphasizes the importance of not relying on point sampling. Furthermore, useful information has been acquired regarding the epidemiology of the disease with regard to "windows of susceptibility". The phenomenon of a phase shift in susceptibility of different rootstocks needs to be tested on a broader scale to assess whether it has any practical application on resistance testing. Although different inoculation techniques are applied in breeding programs, up to now there is no consensus on which technique works best for seedling selections. Since large numbers of individuals must be tested to improve the chances of detecting resistant genotypes, mass inoculations of young seedlings is a rapid way of identifying resistant individuals. Two different screening methods were tested during this study. Using the sand-bran technique, seedlings were transplanted onto inoculated soil and the root mass was used as a measure of resistance. In a second method zoospore inoculum was applied to seedlings growing in a sand:bark mixture at different concentrations and the seedlings were subjected either to water drenching or not. In both trials the aggressiveness of isolates differed significantly from each other and only higher inoculum concentrations were effective in causing disease. The age of seedlings used in tests emerged as an important factor. Seedlings under five-months-old should not be used. Drenching inoculated seedlings enhanced disease development but the production of sufficiently high numbers of zoospores was a laborious task. Thus, it is recommended that the sand-bran inoculum technique be tested with the drenching treatment for mass selection. In conclusion this study confirms the importance of both choice of isolate and choice of inoculation intervals in determining susceptibility of rootstocks to infection. In spite of the fact that stem inoculation bioassays have limited resemblance to natural disease situations, these bioassays are useful for obtaining an indication as to whether genotypes have a degree of resistance and merit further testing. For this reason refinement of the stem inoculation bioassay is worthwhile pursuing. With regard to seedling trials, both the sand-bran and the zoospore technique appear promising but refinement of these techniques is necessary in order to present a more practical way of testing large volumes of seedlings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Evaluering van inokulasietegnieke om weerstand teen Phytophthora cactorum in appels te evalueer: Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) Schrot. is die primêre oorsaak van kroon-, kraag en wortelvrot van appelbome (Malus domestica Borkh.). Dit is die mees verwoestende patogeen in kommersiële appelboorde waar daar versuipte toestande grond voorkom. P. cactorum is onlangs identifiseer as die patogeen wat ernstige kroon- en kraag-verotting in Suid Afrikaanse appelboorde veroorsaak. Kroon-, kraag- en wortelvrot is moeilik om te beheer as gevolg van die onvoorspelbaarheid en rampspoedige aard van die siekte. Die gebruik van kultivars en onderstamme wat weerstandbiedend is teen siektes en plae is omgewingsvriendelik en is ekonomies van belang, dus het die behoefte ontstaan om inokulasietegnieke te ontwikkelom weerstandige saailinge te identifiseer en te selekteer as deel van 'n appelteelprogram in Suid Afrika. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om verskillende inokulasietegnieke te toets en te verfyn om weerstand in appelsaailinge te identifiseer. Deur gebruik te maak van twee inokulasietegnieke (die afgesnyde loot- en intakte loot tegniek), is die relatiewe aggressiwiteit van 10 isolate van P. cactorum en die vatbaarheid van vyf appelonderstamme ondersoek. Resultate het aangetoon dat die aggressiwiteit van die isolate gevarieer het na aanleiding van die onderstam wat getoets is. Die selektiwiteit van die isolate is 'n aanduiding dat daar moontlik verskeie rasse van die patogeen voorkom. Toekomstige studies op die populasiestruktuur van P. cactorum sal 'n belangrike bydrae maak tot die interpretasie van resultate oor weerstand en weerstandsteling. Die vatbaarheid van onderstamme was ook in in vitro proewe ondersoek deur maandelikse inokulasies toe te pas oor 'n tydperk van 26 maande. Dit is opgemerk dat die onderstamvatbaarheid gedurende die winter laag was in vergelyking met die somer. Nie al die onderstamme het dieselfe gereageer gedurende verskillende toetstye nie. Hierdie resultate toon aan dat die relatiewe weerstand van verskillende onderstamme oor die groeiseisoen verskil, byvoorbeeld die vatbare reaksie van die onderstam 'l\.1MI06' het een tot twee maande later voorgekom in vergelyking met ander onderstamme wat getoets is. Hierdie bevinding het belangrike implikasies op die interpretasie van weerstandstoetsing en beklemtoon die moontlike tekortkominge in enkelproefwaarnemings. Bruikbare inligting ten opsigte van die epidemiologie van die siekte is versamel wat beskryf kan word in terme van vensters van vatbaarheid wat verskil van onderstam tot onderstam. Verdere ondersoeke in die verband word aanbeveel. Hoewel verskeie inokulasietegnieke bestaan om jong saailinge vir weerstand te toets, is daar tot op hierdie stadium nog nie ooreenstemming oor die beste tegniek wat toegepas moet word om saailingseleksie te doen nie. Omdat groot getalle saailinge getoets moet tydens die seleksieproses sal massa-inokulasie van saailinge die aangewese metode wees. Twee verskillende inokulasie tegnieke is getoets in die studie. Deur gebruik te maak van die sandsemel tegniek, is saailinge geplant in geinfesteerde plantmedium, waartydens die wortelmassa van saailinge gebruik is om die reaksie op infeksie te kwantifiseer. Die soëspoor inokulasietegniek was toegepas op saailinge wat in 'n sand en basmengsel geplant is teen verskillende inokulurnkonsentrasies. 'n Waterverdrenkingsbehandeling is ook getoets. In albei hierdie proewe het die aggressiwiteit van die isolate van mekaar verskil. Slegs die hoër inokulumkonsentrasies was effektief in die ontwikkeling van die siekte. Die ouderdom van saailinge is ook uitgewys as 'n belangrike faktor wat 'n rol speel in weerstandstoetsing. Saailinge jonger as 5 maande word nie aanbeveel vir hierdie toetse nie. Verdrenking van saailinge het die voorkoms van die siekte verhoog, maar die produksie van groot getalle soëspore was 'n beperkende faktor in die uitvoering van die proef Dit word aanbeveel dat die sand-semel inokulasietegniek verder evalueer moet word onder verskeie toestande, onder andere deur dit met verdrenkinghte kombineer. Die belang van die keuse van isolaat en inokulasiedatum in bepaling van relatiewe weerstand van onderstamme teen P. cactorum is tydens die studie bevestig. Afgesien van die beperking van die staminokulasietegnieke in soverre dit verwyderd is van natuurlike infeksie, word die tegnieke aanbeveel om 'n indikasie te kry van die relatiewe weerstand van onderstamme. Beide die sand-semel en soëspoor tegnieke kan gebruik word om weerstandige saailinge te identifiseer, maar tegniese verfyning van hierdie tegnieke is nodig om saailinge in massa te evalueer.
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Patten, Monika Drake. "A Fatal Enigma?: The Reception of Smallpox Inoculation in Colonial Massachusetts." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625629.
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Nyékyová, Dominika. "Vliv očkování litiny očkovadly s obsahem vizmutu na strukturu a mechanické vlastnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417173.
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The diploma thesis deals with the modification and inoculation of cast iron with spheroidal graphite, the influence of the chemical composition on the shape and size of the graphite nodules and ferrite/perlite ratio in the structure. The aim of the practical part was to determine the effect of inoculant containing bismuth (SMW 605) on microstructure and mechanical properties of ferritic ductile cast iron GJS 400-15. The dissolving time of mold inoculant was further investigated. The samples were subjected to a tensile test, Charpy impact test, hardness test and graphite morphology and ferrite/perlite examination using standard ČSN EN ISO 945-1.
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Sangay-Tucto, Sheena. "Étude de l’impact des symbioses mycorhizienne et rhizobienne dans la domestication du Tara, Caesalpinia spinosa L." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG080/document.
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La Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) est une espèce forestière d’une grande importance en raison d’une forte demande sur le marché international pour les tanins présents dans ses gousses, et pour les gommes provenant de ses graines. Malgré son importance économique pour le Pérou, la majeure partie de la production provient de forêts naturelles non aménagées. Ces forêts présentent des problèmes de sol (érosion, faible fertilité, présence d’agents pathogènes, manque d'irrigation), qui conduisent à des rendements faibles. C’est pourquoi dans le présent travail, nous étudions les composantes microbiologiques du sol associé à cette culture, telles que les mycorhizes et les bactéries dont l’utilisation, selon de nombreuses études, s’est révélée être une alternative à l'utilisation d'engrais chimiques. Pour cela, nous avons procédé à l'analyse moléculaire de la diversité des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires par la technique de Miseq Illumina, ce qui nous a permis de mettre en évidence une prépondérance de Gloméracées parmi lesquelles les Rhizophagus spp. étaient retrouvés dans 70% des séquences. En outre, la dépendance de la Tara vis-à-vis de la mycorhization a été démontrée car, après avoir testé la mycorhization contrôlée de la Tara par Rhizophagus irregularis, il a été constaté que la croissance de Caesalpinia spinosa était considérablement améliorée, ainsi que l'absorption d'éléments nutritifs tels que l'azote (N) et le phosphore (P). Pour vérifier la capacité à noduler de la Tara, différents milieux de culture ont été utilisés ainsi que différentes conditions de croissance, en serre et in vitro. Ces expérimentations ont toutes montré que les racines de Tara ne présentaient pas de nodules, confirmant que cette légumineuse de la sous-famille des Caesalpinioideae est non nodulante. Par conséquent et afin d’étudier la diversité des rhizobia présents dans le sol de la plantation de Tara, nous avons utilisé en serre une plante-piège, le pois (Pisum sativum) car c’est une légumineuse nodulante et de plus est traditionnellement associée à la culture de Tara. Les rhizobia identifiés moléculairement se sont révélés très spécifiques et différents des rhizobia présents dans les sols extérieurs à la plantation de Tara. Plus particulièrement, ces rhizobia se sont révélés être phylogénétiquement proches de R. etli, R. phaseoli, R. pisi et R. leguminosarum. Enfin, un test d'inoculation contrôlée (in vitro) a été réalisé sur des plantules de pois, avec ces bactéries préalablement piégées et isolées du pois. Il a été observé que les rhizobia piégés à partir des sols collectés entre deux lignes de Tara et sur la ligne de plantation de Tara, ont stimulé la croissance du pois par rapport aux rhizobia présents dans les sols collectés à l'extérieur de la plantationThe Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) is a forest species of great importance due to its high demand in the international market for the tannins present in its pods and its seeds’ gum. Despite its great importance for Peru, most of the production comes from unmanaged natural forests. These forests present soil problems (e.g., erosion, low fertility, pathogens, lack of irrigation), which cause low yields. Therefore, in the present work we seek to study the soil components associated with Tara plantation , such as mycorrhizae and bacteria that have proved to be an alternative for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers in similar context (Aboubacar et al., Flores Chavez 20015, E and Saif 1987, Dia et al. 2010; Bilgo et al., 2013) . We used molecular analysis of the arbuscular diversity by the Miseq Illumina technique that allowed to verify the arbuscular diversity with a preponderance of Glomeraceae among which the Rhizophagus spp were found to be present in 70% of the sequences. In addition, the dependence of the Tara on obligatory mycorrhization was demonstrated, after testing the controlled mycorrhization of the Tara by the Rhizophagus irregularis. We found that the growth of this crop was significantly improved, as well as the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).To check the nodulation of the Tara, different culture media were used (JenSen, sand mixture with Tara plantation soil, attapulgite mixture with Tara plantation soils) in greenhouse and in vitro condition. We did not manage to find rhizobial nodules in the roots which let us think that Tara is a non-nodular legume. Therefore, we used Pisum sativum as a trap plant to study the diversity of rhizobia present in the soil of the Tara plantation since this legume is often associated with Tara crop. The rhizobia found in the trap plant were very specific and different from the rhizobia present in soils outside the Tara plantation. Likewise, these rhizobia found to be phylogenetically close to R. etli, R. phaseoli, R. pisi and R. leguminosarum. Finally, we inoculated the trapped bacterias (in vitro) in Pisum sativum with the bacterias previously trapped and isolated from the pea (which grew in the green house); where it was observed that the rhizospheric bacteria of the zones IL (soil collected between two lines) and L (soil collected from the same line) from the plantation of Tara stimulated the growth of this crop with respect to the bacteria present in soils collected outside of the plantation (OP zone)
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Gillanders, Timothy James. "The development of new inoculation techniques and viability tests for Neotyphodium endophytes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3677.
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Neotyphodium endophytes (Claviceptaceae) are asexual filamentous fungi found living between the cells of many cool season forage grasses including tall fescue, meadow fescue and perennial ryegrass. They produce a range of alkaloids, including ergovaline and lolitrem B, which have been shown to be directly associated with the livestock disorders fescue toxicosis and ryegrass staggers syndrome, while others, including peramine and the lolines, have been linked to increased insect and drought resistance of the grass host. In the past decade, the Neotyphodium strains AR1, MaxQ and MaxP were selected because they did not produce the alkaloids associated with livestock disorders. Subsequently, artificial associations were established between them and commercial forage grass cultivars. The slow growth rate of Neotyphodium endophytes in vitro and the low success rate of the present methods for establishing artificial associations between endophytes and grass hosts are limiting the rate at which new novel endophytes can be incorporated into plant breeding programs and eventually commercialised. In this thesis, the type and concentration of the growth medium was shown to affect radial growth rate, colony appearance and mycelial morphology of three strains of Neotyphodium endophytes. The floret inoculation of meadow fescue with the U2 strain of N. uncinatum using several techniques involving liquid culture was attempted but was unsuccessful in creating any artificial associations. Neotyphodium endophytes are unstable in stored seed. In New Zealand, it is critical that pastures are infected with protective Neotyphodium endophytes to ensure that they will not be destroyed by exotic pests. The present methods for determining the percentage of viable endophyte infection of a seed lot are too slow for efficient use in the commercial seed industry. In this thesis, primers specific to the â-tubulin gene of N. coenophialum, N. lolii and N. uncinatum were designed and successfully used to detect these species in planta. However, using these primers to develop a method to accurately determine the viable endophyte infection rate of a seed lot using RT-qPCR was unsuccessful.
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MacDougall, Bonnie L. "The role of attitude bases and argument type in the inoculation effect." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63334.pdf.
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Steele, Helen. "Influence of inoculation upon flavonoid profiles in Lotus pedunculatus roots and exudate." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318737.
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Berge, Odile. "Étude et inoculation des Bacillus fixateurs d'azote de la rhizosphère du maïs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10430.
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Les bactéries les plus nombreuses dans la rhizosphère ont été isolées et comparées sur leur pouvoir fixateur à l'aide du modèle spermosphère. Dans les sols argileux étudiés, la population de fixateurs d'azote est dominée par Bacillus circulans, alors que dans un sol sableux des landes, ce sont les entérobactéries qui dominent. Ces dernières ont une activité fixatrice 20 fois moindre que celle des Bacillus. Une souche de B. Circulans a été sélectionnée et inoculée au maïs dans deux essais au champ. On a observé des effets positifs sur la productivité par plante, la teneur en azote du grain et en phosphore des tiges, mais un effet négatif inexpliqué sur la densité de peuplement
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Martin, Thomas Paul. "Observations of mycorrhizal inoculation of pin and scarlet oak production in containers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33174.
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Over the course of the last century mycorrhizal symbiosis has come to be recognized as highly beneficial for the host plant. Increased growth, water relations, nutrient acquisition, amelioration of the effects of metal toxicity, and increased resistance to pathogens are all benefits attributed to plants colonized by mycorrhizal fungi. A large body of literature exists that indicates that mycorrhizal inoculation programs are useful for improving the performance of forest tree seedlings. Commercial mycorrhizal products, many containing the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch (Pt), have emerged from this research and are now being marketed for landscape tree growers. In this study, two experiments were conducted to determine the best protocol for inoculation of landscape trees, and to determine if mycorrhizal inoculation is beneficial to trees growing in modern landscape tree container production systems. The first experiment evaluated mycorrhizal inoculation programs utilizing two inocula types employing various substrates for landscape tree production in containers. Quercus palustris Muenchh. (pin oak) and Q. coccinea Muenchh. (scarlet oak) grown in pine bark, sterilized pine bark, sterilized mineral soil, and sterilized vermiculite-based substrates were inoculated with Pt commercial spore inoculum or Pt vegetative inoculum. The vegetative inoculum was unsuccessful at forming mycorrhizae even though the Pt continued to live in the planting substrates. A higher proportion of pin oak was colonized than scarlet oak in all substrates, and vermiculite was a superior environment for mycorrhizal formation than the other three substrates. The second experiment examined the effectiveness of an indigenous mycorrhizal fungus, Scleroderma bovista Fr., to increase growth and resistance to drought stress of scarlet oak grown in containers in the pot-in-pot growing system. Scleroderma bovista did not affect tree growth, and mycorrhizal trees in containers proved to be more susceptible to drought stress than nonmycorrhizal trees. Leaf water potential was more negative for mycorrhizal trees, and conductance was lower for mycorrhizal trees after a 10 day dry down period. A commercial Pt product was also used as an inoculum in this study and again proved completely ineffective at colonizing scarlet oak in pine bark substrate.Master of Science
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Berge, Odile. "Etude et inoculation des bacillus fixateurs d'azote de la rhizosphère du maïs." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376118450.
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Brimecombe, Melissa Jane. "The effect of introduced Pseudomonas fluorescens strains on nitrogen dynamics in the rhizosphere of crop plants." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842952/.
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The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seed inoculation with the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain F113 (producing the antibiotic DAPG) and its modified derivative strain F113G22 (with DAPG production disrupted) on the uptake of nitrogen by pea and wheat plants. Uptake of N by the two plant species was investigated in soil microcosms amended with 15N-labelled fertilisers (urea or ammonium nitrate) or 15N-labelled plant residues. Uptake of fertiliser-N was unaffected by inoculation. However, uptake of N derived from organic residues was enhanced in pea inoculated with either strain. In contrast, uptake of N by wheat was reduced in the presence of either strain F113 or F113G22, suggesting that the effects of these microbial inocula on N-mineralisation in the rhizosphere were dependent on plant species. It was subsequently found that microfaunal populations, especially soil nematodes in the rhizosphere of inoculated pea were significantly larger than those associated with the rhizosphere of non-inoculated controls. In wheat, however, microfaunal populations in the rhizosphere of inoculated plants were lower than those associated with noninoculated controls. These trends were repeated using simple sand microcosms into which soil bacteria and the bacterial-feeding nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were introduced. This suggested that effects on N-mineralisation were mediated by changes in populations of microbial-feeding microfauna. As a possible explanation for the increased nematode populations in the rhizosphere of inoculated pea plants, the nematicidal effects of pea seed exudates on C. elegans were investigated in small-scale sand systems. It was found that exposure to non-inoculated pea seeds reduced the short-term survival of C. elegans as compared to unamended sand, and that survival was greater in the presence of pea seeds inoculated with either strain than non-inoculated seeds, suggesting that nematicidal compounds released by germinating pea seeds were utilised by the P.fluorescens strains. No such effects were observed for wheat.
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Forde, Hugh Anthony. "Evaluation of a stress inoculation training program at an Ohio male correctional institution." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117557647.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 129 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-129). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Biggs, Laura Ellen. "Mycorrhizal inoculation, endophytic colonization, and allelopathic potential of Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis) roots." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13152.
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Mycorrhizas are ubiquitous symbiotic relationships between soil-inhabiting fungi and the roots of over 90 % of terrestrial plants. Mycorrhizal colonization of Wollemia nobilis Jones, Hill & Allen (Wollemi Pine), a newly discovered and extremely rare conifer native to southeastern Australia, is a largely unexplored subject. The objectives of this work were: (1) to assess mycorrhizal colonization of Wollemi Pines following fungal inoculation, (2) to identify endophytic fungi associated with Wollemi Pine roots growing in the field and in horticultural substrates, and (3) to evaluate the allelopathic activity of Wollemi Pines. In both laboratory and field environments, juvenile trees were inoculated with several different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and one fungus known to form ectendomycorrhizas on members of the Pinaceae. Mycorrhizal colonization was not evident in any of the inoculated plants; however, endophytic fungal structures formed by Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum and Phialocephala fortinii were consistently present in the roots of plants grown in the field or in growth chambers. Preliminary evidence of allelopathic chemical production by Wollemi Pines was also found. Extracts of soil used to grow Wollemi Pines suppressed germination of leek seeds but not sorghum seeds. This thesis presents the results from the first mycorrhizal fungal inoculation of Wollemi Pine, the first identification of fungal endophytes colonizing Wollemi Pine roots, and the first evidence for the production of allelopathic chemicals by Wollemi Pine.
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Dillingham, Lindsay Lyles. "Using Inoculation Messages to Protect “Stay in the Market” Beliefs during Financial Crises." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/20.
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This paper focuses on the problem of collapsed “stay in the market” (SIM) beliefs during financial crises. The primary purpose of this investigation was to ascertain whether or not inoculation messages represent a viable communication strategy to preemptively protect SIM beliefs during forthcoming financial crises. Ancillary purposes of this study were to further investigate the role of print and video crises, explicit instructions regarding post-inoculation talk (PIT), and gain and loss frame inoculation messages on the inoculation process. This study used a between subjects factorial design (3 x 2 plus four additional conditions) to explore ten hypotheses. Data collected from 513 participants were analyzed using multivariate and univariate tests and planned comparisons. The results of this investigation indicate that inoculation messages can serve as a viable preemptive crisis communication strategy, that inoculation can protect beliefs equally well when the crisis message is presented through video or print, and that employing a loss frame can strengthen the inoculation process. Mixed results regarding PIT call for further research. Research and practical implications, as well as limitations, are discussed.
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黃浪詞 and Long-chi Rinna Wong. "Using process research to identify stress-alleviating helpful events in stress inoculation training." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976797.
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Cranis, Peter F. "Inoculation theory: motivation mechanism vs. attack credibility as mediators of resistance to persuasion." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1988. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/16061.
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Changa, Charles Mwesigye. "Evaluation of maize streak geminivirus resistance in maize germplasm by vascular puncture inoculation /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487952208109718.
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Vance, Elizabeth Anne Middleton. "Effects of time specific F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation overlays on pre-lay ts-11-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation on performance, egg, blood, and visceral characteristics of commercial egg laying hens." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11022007-152112.
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Garcia, Ariani [UNESP]. "Doses de Bradyrhizobium japonicum e Azospirillum brasilense no desenvolvimento das plantas, na produção e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138390.
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000864065.pdf: 975614 bytes, checksum: 877180cdde2c8402ed80b28e5bd0fd23 (MD5)A soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) é uma das mais importantes culturas na economia mundial. No Brasil, a inoculação de sementes de soja com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio atmosférico é essencial, e dispensa a necessidade de adubação complementar com nitrogênio, gerando uma economia de aproximadamente 3 milhões de dólares para o país. O uso de Azospirillum brasilense tem sido utilizado em conjunto com o Bradyrhizobium a fim de otimizar a nodulação e gerar respostas positivas em produtividade e qualidade de grãos. Dessa forma, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de doses de Bradyrhizobium japonicum e Azospirillum brasilense no desenvolvimento das plantas, produção e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental da UNESP - Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria (MS), com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3x4, com quatro repetições, em dois cultivares de soja (TMG 1179RR e TMG 4182). Os tratamentos foram constituídos por: Bradyrhizobium japonicum (testemunha sem inoculação, 100 ml ha -1 e 200 ml ml ha -1 ) e Azospirillum brasilense (testemunha sem inoculação, 100 ml ha -1, 200 ml ha -1 e 400 ml ha -1 ). A semeadura foi realizada em dezembro de 2013, manualmente. Foram analisados: os teores nutricionais foliares, sistema radicular, componentes de produção, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja obtidas. Concluiu-se que: O Azospirillum brasilense aumentou o teor foliar de cálcio e o teor de nitrogênio e proteína bruta das sementes da soja TMG 1179RR; a inoculação da soja com Azospirillum brasilense isolada ou em co-inoculação influencia significativamente o desempenho morfofisiológico das raízes e proporciona maior nodulação pelas plantas da soja; o uso de Azospirillum brasilense em co-inoculação com Bradyrhizobium japonicum...
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most important crops in the world economy. In Brazil, soybean inoculation with fixing bacteria atmospheric nitrogen is essential, and eliminates the need to additional fertilizers with nitrogen, generating savings of approximately $ 3 million for the country. Use of Azospirillum brasilense has been used in conjunction with Bradyrhizobium to optimize nodulation and generate positive responses in productivity and quality beans. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of doses of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense in plant development, production and physiological quality of soybean seeds. The study was conducted at UNESP experimental area - Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria (MS), with experimental design of arranged randomized blocks in a 3x4 factorial design with four replications, in two soybean cultivars (TMG 1179RR and TMG 4182). The treatments were: Bradyrhizobium japonicum (without inoculation, 100 mL ha -1 and 200 mL ha -1 ) and Azospirillum brasilense (without inoculation, 100 mL ha -1, 200 mL ha -1 and 400 mL ha -1 ). Seeds were sown in December 2013, manually. They were analyzed: foliar nutritional content, root system, yield components, productivity and physiological quality of soybean seeds obtained. In conclusion: The Azospirillum brasilense increased the foliar content of calcium and nitrogen content and crude protein seed soy TMG 1179RR; inoculation of soybean isolated Azospirillum brasilense or co-inoculation significantly influences the performance of morphophysiological roots and provides increased nodulation by soybean plants; Azospirillum brasilense the use of co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum at a dose of 200 mL ha -1 of each inoculant gave increase of 2,403.9 kg ha -1 in the yield of soybean cv. TMG 1179RR compared to the control (without inoculation of both); and that inoculation did not ...
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McDaid, Patricia Kathryn. "The effects of stress inoculation training on the anxiety-related challenging behavior of middle school students with Asperger's Syndrome." Thesis, Boston University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32798.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a modified form of Meichenbaum's (1985) Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on the anxiety-induced challenging behavior and coping skills of middle school students with Asperger's Syndrome. Many individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (AS), most often described as a disorder on the autism spectrum, contend with significant anxiety in addition to the other social, sensory, linguistic, and behavioral components of the disorder. This anxiety can frequently lead to high rates of inappropriate and/or aggressive behavior. A single-subject multiple-baseline research design, replicated across three participants was used in this study. This was an AB design with a time-lagged control as the intervention was introduced across the participants. Three middle school students with Asperger's Syndrome participated in this study and all demonstrated a decrease in challenging behavior and an increase in adaptive coping skills during the course of the intervention. Two of the three students maintained these positive changes throughout the follow-up phase of the intervention. These two students continued to show behavioral improvement after the conclusion of the study.
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Carey, Bobby D. Jr. "FIELD IMPLEMENTATION OF PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM BIOMASS PRETREATMENT: FUNGAL IDENTIFICATION AND INOCULATION TECHNIQUES." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/25.
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Scaling biological pretreatment from the bench scale to the production scale may be more economical if unsterilized feedstock are used, however these allow for microbial competition from contaminates. An accurate and rapid method for identifying the desired biological pretreatment organism is necessary to confirm the presence of the desired organism when contaminates are morphologically similar to the target organism. Traditional methods, such as visual identification, sequencing, and selective plating can be time consuming and are sometimes still inconclusive. Based on methods described in the literature, plasmid DNA containing the marker genes gus (�-glucuronidase), LacZ, and gfp (green fluorescence protein) incorporated into the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium would result in a rapid genetic test for the desired organism. The presence of these genes can be confirmed either through an X-Gluc (cyclohexylammonia salt), X-Gal histochemical assay or observing the gfp’s fluorescence by a specially equipped confocal microscope. Each reporter systems will allow for rapid, reliable identification of the target species. This study will report on the success of the transformation methods in creating a transformed fungus to be used in the context of a large-scale fermentation operation.
Additionally, a novel in-harvest lignocellulose feedstock biological pretreatment inoculation trial was performed comparing lignolytic performance between fungal inoculum application techniques. Optimization of carbohydrate availability for enhanced saccharification was determined by analyzing glucose release by treated and non-treated unsterilized switchgrass. This study also focused on identifying parameters to enhance saccharification efficacy at the farm-scale.
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Mains, Arlene Olive. "Evaluating the impact of yeast co-inoculation on individual yeast metabolism and wine composition." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96062.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts together with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in mixed starter cultures has become an accepted oenological tool to enhance the organoleptic properties of wine. Recent studies have indeed demonstrated the positive contribution that non- Saccharomyces yeasts may have on the bouquet of wine. These mixed starter cultures are characterized by high inoculation levels of individual strains into the must, and each strain in turn is characterized by its own specific metabolic activity. These factors lead to a multitude of interactions occurring between the individual populations within the must. The fundamental mechanisms which drive these interactions are still largely unknown, but several studies have been conducted in order to investigate the metabolic outcome of these interactions. In this study, we endeavour to further characterize the interactions which occur between four individual non-Saccharomyces yeast strains in mixed culture fermentation with S. cerevisiae. Metschnikowia pulcherrima IWBT Y1337, Lachancea thermotolerans IWBT Y1240, Issatchenkia orientalis Y1161 and Torulaspora delbrueckii CRBO LO544 were used in mixed culture fermentations with a commercial strain of S. cerevisiae at an inoculation ratio of 10:1 (non-Saccharomyces: S. cerevisiae). The biomass evolution and fermentation kinetics of both participating species were affected by the high cell density of the other, with neither population reaching the maximal density attained by the pure culture fermentation. The final wine composition of each individual mixed fermentation showed clear differences, from the pure cultured S. cerevisiae and from each other, based on the concentrations of the major volatile compounds found in the wine. Upon further characterization of these specific mixed culture fermentations, it was found that each individual combination of non-Saccharomyces and S. cerevisiae produced similar increases and decreases of certain major volatile compounds as demonstrated by previous authors, using the same combination of non-Saccharomyces species together with S. cerevisiae. From a winemaking perspective, the use of these non- Saccharomyces yeast strains in combination with S. cerevisiae could be a useful strategy to diversify the chemical composition of wine, by increasing the concentration of certain desirable volatile compounds and by modulating the concentration of undesirable metabolites. Furthermore, this research serves as a foundation for further elucidation of the interactions which drive these metabolic outcomes in response to the high cell density of two yeast populations in mixed culture fermentations.
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Anderton, John Paul. "Inoculation theory and immunization promotion." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/anderton%5Fjohn%5Fpaul%5F200305%5Fphd.
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Nollstadt, Christopher. "Effects of xylem resin on trunk injection of systemic chemicals in conifers /." 1992. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3430.
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Chen, Bo-Han, and 陳柏翰. "Study of Nozzle System for Liquid Inoculation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p8u8r5.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
機械設計工程研究所
102
The purpose of this study was the choice of three different commercially available nozzles and establish its measurement system to simulate the test results when performing the experimental measurements of biological applications when inoculated with mycelium of liquid at different heights subjected to different pressures and time, to observe the testing of its spray the angle, width, area and the flow rate changes, and uniformity of the spray with the average particle size. Test conditions were set nozzle inlet pressure of 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.5 MPa, the spray time was 0.2 s, 0.4 s, 0.6 s, 0.8 s, nozzle height change lines to 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm to observe the test. In addition, this study high-speed cameras to capture and record the variations of spray nozzles, each photo shoot time interval is approximately 0.04 s, in order to observe the spray nozzle from the surface of the spray outlet to the situation. Flow part is a graduated cylinder to measure the nozzle within a specific period of time (0.2 s, 0.4 s, 0.6 s, 0.8 s) changes in flows. Comprehensive above findings can be used to compare the suitability of the nozzle, the nozzle selected more suitable for agricultural biotechnology industry in a reference liquid bio mycelium inoculation nozzle system with automated machine when the machine design. Keywords: a nozzle, spray, liquid inoculation biological mycelium.
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Rai, Sharath K. "Murine infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus following gastric inoculation." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36864663.html.
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Basaran, Zeynep. "Biomineralization in cement based materials : inoculation of vegetative cells." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21141.
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Recently, self-healing applications of cement-based materials have received a lot of interest. One major area of interest with respect to self-healing applications in cement-based systems focuses on using biomineralization processes. Biomineralization is biochemical process in which microorganisms stimulate the formation of minerals. The existing research on biomineralization in cement-based systems has showed promising results and the studies suggest that biomineralization could be a useful approach for remediation of cracks on the surface of concrete. This dissertation presents the results of an intensive study undertaken to understand the influence of vegetative bacteria, specifically Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii), when it is incorporated within cement paste. Vegetative S. pasteurii cells were suspended in a urea-yeast extract medium and this medium was mixed with cement. The influence of the vegetative S. pasteurii cells on Portland cement paste properties, such as compressive strength, hydration kinetics, and setting time was evaluated. It was determined that the hydration kinetics was highly influenced when the bacterial medium was used to prepare cement paste, and severe retardation was observed. It was also observed that an increase in calcium carbonate precipitation, particularly calcite, occurred within cement paste when the bacterial medium was used. Furthermore, use of the bacterial medium resulted in reducing the porosity and increasing the compressive strength of the hardened paste. Ex-situ culture experiments were conducted to determine the impact of pH and calcium concentration on the morphology of calcium carbonate precipitate; the results indicated that the morphology of the precipitate was more influenced by calcium concentration. A key focus of this dissertation was to examine the viability of the vegetative cells that were inoculated in cement paste. Viable S. pasteurii cells were found to be present in hardened cement paste samples that were as old as 330-days, and 50% of the viable cells detected were defined as vegetative cells. At last, the use of including internal nutrient reservoirs as a means to extend the viability of the bacterial cells within hardened cement paste was explored. The results showed that the percentage of vegetative cells remaining was affected when internal nutrient reservoirs was incorporated into the system.text
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Li, Xiao Hua. "Inoculation of apple protoplast with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) /." 1988. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3408.
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Wan, Hua-Hsin. "Inoculation and priming in the context of crisis communication /." 2000. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Stockton, Patrick C. "Experimental inoculation of BALB C mice with Ebola virus." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/stockton%5Fpatrick%5Fc%5F200208%5Fms.
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Lee, Chih-Jen, and 李志仁. "Study of Innovative Liquid Inoculation System for Bag Cultivation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68t7dj.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
機械設計工程系碩士班
105
Inoculation operation is one of the important production processes in mushroom cultivations. In this paper, based on the current PP-bag packaging method, the manual operation way is changed to mechanical automation operation, and a fully automated PP-bag liquid inoculation system is designed and tested. The design of the fully automated liquid inoculation system by the PP-bag (ring+cap) method consists of the following four major topics: basket automatic transmission and positioning mechanism design, liquid inoculation system design, experiments and simulation testing for the inoculation system and brief considerations of aseptic condition control. The studying results show that the mechanism can reach the 24 bags/min level; the use of solenoid valve with commerical nozzle design will face the doubts of fault and obstruction in practical applications; experiments show that peristaltic pump for liquid inoculation is a better way, but cost and speed factors are their shortcomings.