Academic literature on the topic 'Inoculation material'
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Journal articles on the topic "Inoculation material"
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Anderson, N. R., J. D. Ravellette, and K. A. Wise. "Improved Method for Injecting Fungal Inoculum into Corn Ears." Plant Health Progress 17, no. 3 (January 2016): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-16-0031.
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Corn (Zea mays L.) ear rot pathogens reduce yield and grain quality annually, and research on these pathogens and their interactions with the host can require inoculation of fungal material into the ears. A new system of mechanically inoculating corn ears was designed using a hydration backpack and auto-filling vaccinator with a needle attached. The efficiency of the new system was compared to a previously established inoculation method using a manual syringe method with an 18-gauge blunt end needle attached to a 60-ml syringe, with inoculum carried in a plastic beaker. Inoculation methods were tested by comparing the time to inoculate 100 corn ears with separate conidial suspensions of Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum in a replicated field trial. The new mechanical inoculation system reduced inoculation time by 42% (P = 0.0015) when compared to the manual syringe and needle method. Additional benefits of the new method include reduced risk of inoculum contamination, consistent inoculum volume per ear, and increased safety for personnel doing the inoculations. Accepted for publication 25 June 2016. Published 21 July 2016.
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Griffiths, Phillip D., and Cathy Roe. "Response of Brassica oleracea var. capitata to Wound and Spray Inoculations with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris." HortScience 40, no. 1 (February 2005): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.47.
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Eighteen cabbage breeding lines and cultivars were evaluated for resistance to black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris following wound and spray inoculations at the juvenile and mature stages. Plants were evaluated using four inoculation procedures (juvenile wound, juvenile spray, mature wound, and mature spray) in replicated greenhouse and field experiments. The breeding lines Badger #16, Cornell 101, Cornell 102, NY 4002 and accession PI 426606 exhibited high levels of resistance following all inoculation procedures. `Silver Dynasty' was the most resistant commercial cultivar based on the four tests, yet ranked 12th following the juvenile wound inoculation. The juvenile spray inoculation had a high correlation with both wound and spray inoculations in field experiments (0.89 and 0.86, respectively); however, the juvenile wound inoculation did not correlate well with mature wound and spray inoculations (0.58 and 0.51, respectively). The results indicate that the juvenile wound inoculation is not the most appropriate approach for determining field resistance in Brassica oleracea, and that resistant material could be selected against using this approach. A high correlation between juvenile spray inoculation disease severity ratings and mature plant resistance indicates that plants can be evaluated effectively at the juvenile stage for mature plant resistance to black rot.
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Bruns, H. Arnold, and Hamed K. Abbas. "Aflatoxin Contamination in Corn Differs Among Inoculation Techniques." Plant Health Progress 11, no. 1 (January 2010): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0601-01-rs.
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Aflatoxin research in corn (Zea mays L.) usually requires application of inoculum of Aspergillus flavus to soil or plant ears. The pin-bar vs. side-needle or spray vs. solid material inoculations using A. flavus isolate F3W4 (NRRL 30798) were compared in 2004, 2006, and 2007 using three hybrids in two irrigated experiments each year at Stoneville, MS. Both were planted on a silty clay soil in randomized complete block designs with four replications of treatments. Mature ears inoculated by the pin-bar, side-needle, or spray methods were analyzed for aflatoxin. Ears from controls and solid material inoculum treatments were sampled for analysis at plot harvest. Pin-bar inoculation had more aflatoxin in 2004 (551.9 ng/g) and 2006 (305.8 ng/g) than side-needle inoculation (342.2 ng/g and 151.1 ng/g for 2004 and 2006, respectively), which was greater than controls (76.8 ng/g and 21.6 ng/g for 2004 and 2006, respectively). Solid material inoculation did not differ in aflatoxin from controls. Spraying produced the most aflatoxin (344.1 ng/g) only in 2004. Aflatoxin was low in 2007 when timely rainfall, irrigation, and no temperatures ≥ 35°C resulted in only the pin-bar (20.8 ng/g) and solid material (20.6 ng/g) treatments having > 2.0 ng/g of aflatoxin. Accepted for publication 26 March 2010. Published 1 June 2010.
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Driskel, Barbara A., Robert M. Hunger, Mark E. Payton, and Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz. "Response of Hard Red Winter Wheat to Soilborne wheat mosaic virus Using Novel Inoculation Methods." Phytopathology® 92, no. 4 (April 2002): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.4.347.
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Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) is an agronomically important pathogen of wheat that is transmitted by the soilborne plasmodiophorid vector Polymyxa graminis. In the laboratory, attempts to generate SBWMV-infected plants are often hampered by poor infectivity of the virus. To analyze the mechanism for virus resistance in wheat cultivars, we developed novel inoculation techniques. A new technique for foliar inoculation of SBWMV was developed that eliminated wound-induced necrosis normally associated with rub inoculating virus to wheat leaves. This new technique is important because we can now uniformly inoculate plants in the laboratory for studies of host resistance mechanisms in the inoculated leaf. Additionally, wheat plants were grown hydroponically in seed germination pouches and their roots were inoculated with SBWMV either by placing P. graminis-infested root material in the pouch or by mechanically inoculating the roots with purified virus. The susceptibility of one SBWMV susceptible and three field resistant wheat cultivars were analyzed following inoculation of plants using these novel inoculation techniques or the conventional inoculation technique of growing plants in P. graminis-infested soil. The results presented in this study suggest that virus resistance in wheat likely functions in the roots to block virus infection.
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Borowiak, Daniel, Katarzyna Pstrowska, Maciej Wiśniewski, and Michał Grzebyk. "Propagation of Inoculum for Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae Scale-Up Photobioreactor Cultivation System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 6283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186283.
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An increasing number of microalgae strains are used for commercial production of metabolites. When conducting research, the moment of the process scaling tends to be very difficult. One of the most complex issues is related to planning and designing an efficient system for propagation of appropriately high amounts of inoculum required for inoculating cultures on a semi-technical and industrial scale. The following paper aimed at designing an automated station for the preparation of microalgae inoculation material intended for inoculation of the system, comprising of six 90 dm3 volume photobioreactors. The system, comprised of eight airlift photobioreactors of 12 dm3 volume each, installed in mobile storage units connected to the control system in the form of a docking station. Each of the photobioreactors had a separate system used for monitoring temperature and pH, mixing, and LED lighting. The station constituted the last stage of preparing the inoculation material for inoculating technical-scale photobioreactors, used for conducting experiments with Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. Achieved results, repeatability of the processes, and the ergonomics of the station increased the productivity and quality of the research and development processes.
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Huang, Zhao Lin, Ping Ning, and Zhang Liu. "Microbial Inoculants of Environmental Material in the Compost Application Research Progress." Advanced Materials Research 534 (June 2012): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.534.230.
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composting is a process of organic matter degradation and transformation achieved by microorganism, which plays a leading role during composting processes. Inoculation with proper microorganisms can raise the temperature rapidly, shorten the time of the composting, increase the degradation of organic matter and improve the quality of compost. This paper summarized the functions of microorganism inoculum and suggested that in order to solve the problems: to become the dominant strain(s) for the microorganism inoculated in the composting process; to choose the species of microorganism inoculum，the optimal inoculation quantity and the time of inoculation should be studied.
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Guo, Yonghong, Richard T. Olsen, Matthew Kramer, and Margaret Pooler. "Effective Bioassays for Evaluating Boxwood Blight Susceptibility Using Detached Stem Inoculations." HortScience 50, no. 2 (February 2015): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.268.
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Two simple and rapid in vitro bioassays using detached stems were developed for evaluating the susceptibility of boxwood genotypes to the blight disease caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Crous et al.) L. Lombard et al. Individual leaves were inoculated on detached stems or entire detached stems were sprayed to assess susceptibility. Both assay systems were optimized for inoculum concentration and disease rating time. The assay methods described here require minimal plant material and inoculum, especially the leaf inoculation assay, which uses as few as six leaves per stem and 500 spores per leaf for inoculation. The stem spray inoculation produced less variable results and was easier for quantifying susceptibility but required more inoculum than the leaf inoculation assay. No differences between the assays were found for the cultivars tested. The leaf inoculation assay is best used when limited plant material or inoculum is available; the spray inoculation of detached stems is suitable when larger plants are available.
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Achinas, Spyridon, and Gerrit Euverink. "Effect of Combined Inoculation on Biogas Production from Hardly Degradable Material." Energies 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020217.
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The goal of this research was to appraise the effect of combined inoculation on the performance of anaerobic digesters treating hardly degradable material, and particularly the pressed fine sieved fraction (PFSF) derived from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Batch tests were conducted in mesophilic conditions in order to examine the optimal mixing ratio of inoculums. Mixing ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 of three different inoculums were applied in the batch tests. The findings indicated that the inoculation of digested activated sludge with digested organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the ratio 25:75 resulted in a higher PFSF degradation and a higher biogas yield. The results from the kinetic analysis fit well with the results from the batch experiment.
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Nghĩa, Nguyễn Khởi, and Nguyễn Thị Kiều Oanh. "Selecion of carrier material and substrate for biofertilizer by-product containing three halophilic plant growth promoting bacteria (Burkholderia cepacia BL1-10, Bacillus megaterium ST2-9 and Bacillus aquimaris KG6-3)." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 15, no. 2 (April 20, 2018): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15/2/12356.
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In biofertilizer production, carriers and substrates have an important role in maintaining an efficacy of the commercial biofertilizer by-product. The aim of this study was to select the best carrier material and substrate and as well substrate’s moisture to sustainably store biofertilizer by-product containing three halophilic plant growth promoting bacterial strains. They are Bacillus aquimaris KG6-3 (KG6-1), Burkholderia sp. BL1-10 (BL1-10) and Bacillus megaterium ST2-9 (ST2-9) with a function of non-symbiosic nitrogen fixer, phosphorous solubilizing bacteria and IAA producing bacteria, respectively. All the experiments in this study were conducted under the laboratory conditions. Spent coffee ground and domestic coal ash were used as carrier materials. Besides that, rice bran, banana peel, banana flesh, cocopeat and brown sugar were used as substrate materials. The results showed that the domestic coal ash was able to sustain the highest viable cell number of ST2-9 and KG6-3 strains after 16 incubation hours whilst BL1-10 was found to be highest viable cell number in carrier material of spent coffee ground and the viable cell number of mixed inoculum including three bacterial strains was shown to be not significantly different among the three tested carrier materials. Moreover, the viable cell number of all three bacterial strains regardless of single or mixed inoculation was found to be highest during 15 weeks in rice bran substrate with 50% of moisture content. The mixed viable cell number of bacterial consortium achieved highest in the substrate containing rice bran + brown sugar (15:1, w/w) and when taking into account a comparion between two inoculation means, it was shown that the viable cell number in treatments with bacteria immobilized in domestic coal ash was always higher than that in treatments with free cell bacteria inoculation method. Thus, it was concluded that domestic coal ash and rice bran + brown sugar mixture (15:1) was the best carrier material type and substrate for biofertilizer by-product containing the three holophilic plant growth promoting bacteria and the immobilization technique to inoculate bacteria via carrier material was the best option for microbial inoculation.
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Jarecki, Wacław. "Reaction of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 5 (May 25, 2020): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/201/2020-pse.
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The aim of the study was to assess soybean response to sowing material inoculation with HiStick® Soy preparation, containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the inoculation significantly increased the number and dry weight of nodules on soybean roots compared to control. The bacterial preparation significantly increased the number of pods per plant. As a result, a significant increase in seed yield (0.58 t/ha) was obtained compared to control. HiStick® Soy increased total protein content in seeds. Protein and fat yield was higher after seed inoculation by 318 kg/ha and 101 kg/ha, respectively, compared to control.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inoculation material"
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Armstrong, Christopher. "Inoculant measurement with thermal analysis." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279066.
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Over time the level of inoculant will decrease due to fading and this needs to be compensated bymore additions of inoculant. When casting CGI400 at Scania a one-step method is used, and the inoculant additions are based on the last ladle from the previous oven. Longer stops in production will result in the previous oven not being representable and more inoculant should be added. A method to establish the inoculation level of the base iron in the oven would make it easier to control the process. This study was about inoculation measurements with the help of thermo- analysis of the melt in the oven to get a better understanding how it fluctuates between ovens and changes over time. The study is also about how to implement this tool into production in a foundry. With the help of thermo- analytic measurements, the inoculation level of the melt was established, and the method was also used to see how the level of inoculant changed over. To establish the inoculation additions needed, the saturation point of inoculant was investigated. The results from the study shows that the starting level of inoculant is too low in the melt it also shows that the inoculation level fluctuates over time. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study is that thermos analysis can be used in production to establish the inoculation level, but moremeasurements needs to be conducted to determine its accuracy.Över tid så minskar ympnivån i en smälta på grund av fading och detta måste kompenseras med mertillsatser av ymp. Vid gjutning av CGI400 på Scania används en en-stegs metod där man baserar ymptillsatsen i skänken på vad ympnivån var i sista skänken från den tidigare ugnen. Vid längre produktionsstopp kommer inte ympnivån från ugnen innan vara representativ utan mer ymp måste tillsättas. En metod för att bestämma ympnivån av basjärnet i ugnen skulle göra det lättare att styra processen. Denna studie handlar om ympmätning med hjälp av termisk analys i bas smälta för att få en bättre förståelse för hur den fluktuerar mellan ugnar och ändras över tid. Studien handlar också om hur man ska kunna applicera denna mätmetod i produktionen på ett gjuteri. Med hjälp av termo analytiska mätningar skulle grundnivån av ymp i smältan bestämmas och även för att se hur nivån ändrades över tiden. För att bestämma tillsatsen av ymp som borde tillföras undersöktes mättnadspunkten av ymp och hur den kunde tillsättas i skänk. Resultaten från studien visar att grundnivån av ymp är för låg och resultaten visar också att nivån av ymp fluktuerar både upp och ner ökar tid vilket inte var vad man hade förväntat sig och även det finns flera faktorer som kan påverka nivån. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att termisk analys kan användas i produktion för att bestämma ympnivån, men mer mätningar behövs för att bestämmadess noggrannhet.
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Siafakas, Dimitrios. "On deoxidation practice and grain size of austenitic manganese steel." Licentiate thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Material och tillverkning – Gjutning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37788.
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The exceptional wear resistance and work hardenability, place Hadfield steel as one of themost important materials for manufacturing cast components used in the mining, crashing,drilling, and excavation industries. In all metallic alloys used for component casting, themechanical properties are highly influenced by the microstructure of the material. Castcomponents with finer microstructural characteristics are known to present bettermechanical properties and reduced risk of defects when compared with components witha coarser microstructure. A reduced grain size in Hadfield steel can increase the strengthof the material up to 30% and reduce the risk of porosity formation during solidification.The practice of adding selected compounds or alloying elements in a metal melt to modifyand refine the microstructure is called inoculation. It is currently one of the trendingmethods utilized in light-metal alloys and cast-iron components production but has not,yet, gained adequate acceptance in the steel casting industry because researchers have notbeen able to find proper inoculants.The main objective of this work is to investigate the qualitative and quantitativecharacteristics of the by-products of deoxidation of Hadfield steel that remain in thematerial after solidification and their positive or negative effect on the coarseness of thefinal as-cast microstructure. This type of research can help to identify the type of particlesor alloying elements that are most effective for refining the microstructure of austeniticsteels and pave the way for developing new or improving conventional deoxidation andinoculation processes that will, in turn, result in the improvement of the properties of thecomponent.The precipitation of particles and the as-cast grain size are studied in aluminum andtitanium deoxidized Hadfield steel samples acquired under pilot scale experimentalconditions. In the first part of this work, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics ofparticles such as type, morphology, composition amount and size are identified. Thesequence of precipitation is established. A model for predicting particle size and growth isdeveloped. The experimental results are compared against thermodynamic equilibriumcalculations and the precipitation mechanisms for each type of particles are described. Inthe second part, the as-cast grain size of samples with varying deoxidation treatments ismeasured. Then, the grain-size is correlated with certain particle characteristic and theparticles are ranked according to their ability to refine the microstructure. The particledisregistry with austenite is calculated and compared to the experimentally acquiredranking.Hadfieldstålen exceptionella slitstyrkan och deformationshårdnande har gjort dessa till ettav de viktigaste materialen för tillverkning av gjutna komponenter som används inomgruv-, kross-, borr-och gruvindustrin. I alla metallegeringar som används för tillverkningav gjutna komponenter styrs de mekaniska egenskaperna av materialets mikrostruktur.Gjutna komponenter med fin mikrostruktur presentera bättre mekaniska egenskaper ochminskad risk för defekter jämfört med komponenter med grov mikrostruktur. En minskadkornstorlek i Hadfieldstål kan öka materialets hållfasthet upp till 30% och minska riskenför porositetsbildning vid stelning.Tillsatsning av spårämnen eller legeringselement i en metallsmälta för att modifiera ochförbättra mikrostrukturen kallas ympning. Denna metod används i lättmetaller och vidtillverkning av gjutjärnskomponenter, men har ännu inte fått acceptans i stålindustrineftersom forskningen inte har funnit effektiva kärnbildare att användas som ympmedel.Huvudsyftet med detta arbete är att undersöka kvalitativa och kvantitativa egenskaper hosde desoxideringsprodukter som skapas under tillverkningen av Hadfield stål och hur deunder och efter stelning påverkar mikrostrukturens grovlek. Arbetet syftar till att identifierapartikeltyper och legeringselement som är effektiva för att förfina den austenitiskamikrostrukturen och bana väg för utveckling nya och förbättra desoxiderings- ochympningsprocesser som i sin tur kommer att resultera i en förbättring av den gjutnakomponentens egenskaper.Partiklarnas utskiljning och materialet resulterande kornstorlek studerades i aluminiumochtitan-desoxidiserade Hadfieldstål, tillverkade i pilotskala. Den första delen av dettaarbete var att identifiera kvalitativa och kvantitativa egenskaper hosdesoxidationspartiklar, som typ, morfologi, sammansättning och storlek.Utskiljningssekvensen fastställdes. En modell för att förutsäga partikelstorlek och derastillväxt utvecklades. De experimentella resultaten jämfördes med termodynamiskajämviktberäkningar och utskiljningen för varje typ av partikel beskrevs. I den andra delenstuderades kornstorleken och hur denna varierade desoxideringsbehandlingen. Därefterkorrelerades kornstorleken med partikeltyp och dess karaktäristika och rangordnades efterderas förmåga att förfina mikrostrukturen. Partiklarnas kristallografiska missanpassningmot austenitens kristallstruktur beräknades och jämfördes med experimentellt fastställdarangordningen.
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Magnusson, Lena. "On the Nucleation and Inoculation of Metals." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3893.
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Петриченко, Альона Ігорівна. "Захист водойм від забруднення сполуками азоту та фосфору." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/26635.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 21.06.01 – екологічна безпека. – Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» МОН України, Київ, 2019. Дисертація присвячена створенню ефективних комплексних та маловідходних технологій очищення води від біогенних елементів з природних та стічних вод.
Встановлено, що на біологічний розклад амонію впливають температура, освітленість та глибина реактору, носій та якість інокуляційного матеріалу, необхідного для формування біоплівки.
Визначено, що ефективність сорбції іонів амонію на катіонітах КУ-2-8 та DOWEX знижується по мірі зростання значення жорсткості у воді. Показано, що ефективність іонообмінного вилучення нітратів і фосфатів залежить від вмісту сульфатів та хлоридів у розчині.
Вперше вивчено процеси електрохімічного розкладу сполук амонію у одно- та двокамерному електролізерах. Встановлено вплив хлоридів та сульфатів на ефективність окислення амонію. Досліджено метод електрохімічного висадження фосфатів при використанні стального та алюмінієвого анодів.
Запропоновано технологічні схеми очистки води від біогенних елементів, які дозволять вирішити питання очистки стічних та природних вод без утворення небезпечних концентратів.
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Adolfi, Sofia. "Slag inclusion formation during solidification of steel alloys and in cast iron." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Materialvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4371.
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Kasap, Yücel. "Optimization of the Chemical Analysis SS-EN-GJL-250 Using Casting Simulation Software." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15904.
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The main purpose of the thesis work is based on achieving same mechanical properties on the three different sized bearing housings. The key mechanical property that had to be focused on was the hardness of the parts. In order to achieve this goal, chemical compositions of the parts have studied. However there were some limitations on the composition variants. Allowed variables of the compositions are silicon, nickel and copper. Due to necessity another element, Molybdenum (Mo), was also introduced. After many simulations three different compositions are proposed. Then the feasibility of results of casting simulation software investigated. And finally an optimization guideline has proposed. Chemical composition researches have carried on casting simulation software, which is called Magma5. Following the completion of the simulations phase, proposed compositions trial casted at the company. Subsequent to trial castings cast parts had tested for their hardness values. In order to bring the thesis to completion simulation outputs and trial test results had compared. With the help of a casting simulation software composition optimisation of different sized parts could be easily optimised in order to achieve same results. Many simulations are executed with different composition for the silicon, nickel, copper and molybdenum variants. It was seen that Mo additions significantly increase the mechanical properties of the parts. Nickel and copperacts similarly on the hardness values, however nickel addition reduce undercooling tendency at a greater rate. Good inoculation is vital for the parts with thin sections. Decent inoculation helps to improve the microstructure and helps to get closer results tothe simulated values. However software represents key information aboutundercooled zones on the part. Software ensures 95% to 97% correct values on hardness results.
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Pires, António Jorge Ferreira. "Use of Thermal Analysis for Evaluation Of Inoculation Efficiency In Nodular Cast Iron." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129259.
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Pires, António Jorge Ferreira. "Use of Thermal Analysis for Evaluation Of Inoculation Efficiency In Nodular Cast Iron." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129259.
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Basaran, Zeynep. "Biomineralization in cement based materials : inoculation of vegetative cells." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21141.
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Recently, self-healing applications of cement-based materials have received a lot of interest. One major area of interest with respect to self-healing applications in cement-based systems focuses on using biomineralization processes. Biomineralization is biochemical process in which microorganisms stimulate the formation of minerals. The existing research on biomineralization in cement-based systems has showed promising results and the studies suggest that biomineralization could be a useful approach for remediation of cracks on the surface of concrete. This dissertation presents the results of an intensive study undertaken to understand the influence of vegetative bacteria, specifically Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii), when it is incorporated within cement paste. Vegetative S. pasteurii cells were suspended in a urea-yeast extract medium and this medium was mixed with cement. The influence of the vegetative S. pasteurii cells on Portland cement paste properties, such as compressive strength, hydration kinetics, and setting time was evaluated. It was determined that the hydration kinetics was highly influenced when the bacterial medium was used to prepare cement paste, and severe retardation was observed. It was also observed that an increase in calcium carbonate precipitation, particularly calcite, occurred within cement paste when the bacterial medium was used. Furthermore, use of the bacterial medium resulted in reducing the porosity and increasing the compressive strength of the hardened paste. Ex-situ culture experiments were conducted to determine the impact of pH and calcium concentration on the morphology of calcium carbonate precipitate; the results indicated that the morphology of the precipitate was more influenced by calcium concentration. A key focus of this dissertation was to examine the viability of the vegetative cells that were inoculated in cement paste. Viable S. pasteurii cells were found to be present in hardened cement paste samples that were as old as 330-days, and 50% of the viable cells detected were defined as vegetative cells. At last, the use of including internal nutrient reservoirs as a means to extend the viability of the bacterial cells within hardened cement paste was explored. The results showed that the percentage of vegetative cells remaining was affected when internal nutrient reservoirs was incorporated into the system.text
Book chapters on the topic "Inoculation material"
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Simpson, W. R., M. J. Christensen, and D. E. Hume. "An Appraisal of The Use of Axillary Buds of Grasses as Clonal Material for Inoculation with Neotyphodium Endophytes." In Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions, 275–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0271-9_51.
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Chisamera, M., I. Riposan, S. Stan, C. B. Albu, C. Brezeanu, and Rod Naro. "High Potency Late Inoculation of Grey Cast Iron." In Materials and Technologies, 303–6. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-460-x.303.
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Kopyciński, Dariusz, and Sylwester Piasny. "Influence of Inoculation on Structure of Chromium Cast Iron." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016, 705–12. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119263722.ch89.
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Kopyciński, Dariusz, and Sylwester Piasny. "Influence of Inoculation on Structure of Chromium Cast Iron." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016, 705–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_89.
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Riposan, I., M. Chisamera, S. Stan, and P. Toboc. "Inoculating Influence of Re-Carburizers in Grey Cast Iron." In Materials and Technologies, 287–90. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-460-x.287.
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Guan, Shao Kang, Jian Qiang Wang, Jing Yang Chen, Hong-liang Zhao, and Qing Kui Li. "Effect of Inoculation on the Damping Properties of Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn Alloy." In Materials Science Forum, 729–32. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-968-7.729.
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Wang, Yun, Guosheng Peng, and Zhongyun Fan. "Grain Refinement of Mg and Its Alloy by Inoculation of In Situ MgO Particles." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 99–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52392-7_17.
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García, Felipe, Armando Salinas-Rodríguez, and Enrique Nava-Vázquez. "The Role of Ti Inoculation of Al-Zn-Si Coating Alloys on the Formation of Intermetallic Compounds by Interaction with Solid Steel." In Advanced Structural Materials III, 97–102. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-446-4.97.
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Ali, Md Nasim, S. Chakraborty, Prosanta Saha, and Niladri Lodh. "Improvement of Vermicompost: Influence of Feeding Materials and Inoculation of Nitrogen-Fixing and Phosphate-Solubilising Bacteria." In Prospects in Bioscience: Addressing the Issues, 221–28. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0810-5_26.
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Schaefer, G., S. Hattwig, M. Unterste-Wilms, K. Hupe, J. Heerenklage, J. C. Lüth, M. Kästner, A. Eschenbach, R. Stegmann, and B. Mahro. "PAH-degradation in soil: Microbial activation or inoculation? A comparative evaluation with different supplements and soil materials." In Soil & Environment, 415–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_109.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Inoculation material"
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Chou, Fong-In, Chia-Chin Li, Tzung-Yuang Chen, and Hsiao-Wei Wen. "Microbial Occurrence in Bentonite-Based Buffer Materials of a Final Disposal Site for Low Level Radioactive Waste in Taiwan." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40284.
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This research addresses the potential of microbial implications in bentonite for use as a buffer and backfill material in final disposal site for low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) in Taiwan, where has a special island-type climate. Microbe activities naturally present in this site were analyzed, and buffer materials (BM) consisted of 100%, 70% or 50% bentonite were prepared for laboratory studies. A total of 39 microbial strains were isolated, and the predominant strains included four bacterial, one yeast and four fungal strains. Growth inhibition was not detected in any tested strain cultured in a radiation field with a dose rate of 0.2 Gy/h. Most of the isolated strains grew under a dose rate of 1.4 Gy/h. The D10 values of the tested strains ranged from 0.16 to 2.05 kGy. The mycelia of tested fungal strains could spread over 5 cm during six months of inoculation in BM. The spreading activity of the tested bacteria was less than that of the fungi. Moreover, biofilms were observed on the surfaces of the BM. Since a large and diverse population of microbes is present in Taiwan, microbes may contribute to the mobilization of radionuclides in the disposal site.
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Silva, Leandro Israel da. "REVISÃO: MICRORGANISMOS PROMOTORES DE CRESCIMENTO APLICADOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MORANGOS." In II Congresso On-line Internacional de Sustentabilidade. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/2673.
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Introdução: Os microrganismos desempenham funções fundamentais no desenvolvimento vegetal. Eles atuam como catalizadores na obtenção de nutrientes indispensáveis para o seu crescimento e indutores de respostas contra patógenos e estresses abióticos. É de comum acordo que a sustentabilidade se tornou uma obrigatoriedade para o desenvolvimento e integralização da sociedade, principalmente na agricultura que é uma atividade indispensável e que pode acarretar danos severos ao meio ambiente quando praticada inconsequentemente. A cultura do morango é um exemplo, o estado de Minas Gerais lidera a produção nacional com 2,8 mil ha cultivados e que essencialmente necessitam de alternativas ecologicamente viáveis para sua manutenção. Objetivo: Sendo assim, o presente trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de revisar a literatura e proporcionar um breve estudo de caso sobre as pesquisas acerca de microrganismos promotores de crescimento aplicados à cultura do morango, apontando quais vem sendo estudados e como podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento e produção. Material e Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas em diversas plataformas de pesquisa, o critério adotado foi o termo “strawberry inoculation” como palavra chave assim recorrendo a trabalhos relevantes que contemplassem o caráter descritivo e científico da aplicação de inóculos bacterianos e fúngicos em cultivares de morango. Resultados: Os trabalhos revisados evidenciaram o benefício que os microrganismos acarretam na obtenção de nutrientes como P, K, Ca e Fe, seja com sua acumulação no solo ou nos tecidos foliares (Bacillus sp.e Aspergillus sp.), também possibilitando na redução da adubação nitrogenada e incremento do tamanho e matéria seca da raiz (Azospirillum brasiliense). Respostas na indução de tolerância a seca são promovidas (Glomus mosseae), como também o biocontrole do fungo necrotrófico Botrytis cinerea (várias espécies de Bacillus sp.). Melhoras na qualidade dos frutos também são proporcionados como aumento de compostos flavonóides e fenólicos (Glomus intraradices) e o aumento dos açúcares, antocianinas, modulação do pH, ácido málico e compostos voláteis (Pseudomonas sp.+ Funneliformis mosseae, Septoglomus viscosum, Rhizophagus irregulares. Conclusão: Visto o atual advento na produção de inoculantes de natureza biológica este estudo expõe diversos trabalhos que podem contribuir como inspiração tecno científica para a elaboração de novas pesquisas e produtos, além de contribuir na disseminação de conhecimentos sobre microbiologia e sustentabilidade agrícola.
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Hood, R. L., M. A. Kosoglu, and C. G. Rylander. "Hydraulic Resistance of a Novel Hollow-Core Microneedle Design." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53845.
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In recent years, developments in microscale fabrication have enabled the creation of needles on the scale of micrometers. These “microneedles” can be created out of a variety of materials and facilitate highly accurate small volume fluid delivery with minimal tissue disruption. Studies have shown that diameter and insertion force are primary determinants of patient pain caused by transdermal injection [1]. The small diameter of microneedles reduces the invasiveness and patient sensation associated with their clinical use. Microneedles have been used for enhancing skin permeability to drug delivery patches, transdermal infusion, and intrascleral inoculation [2–5].
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Iordache, Ovidiu, Ioana Corina Moga, Elena Cornelia Mitran, Irina Sandulache, Maria Memecica, Lucia Oana Secareanu, Cristina Lite, and Elena Perdum. "BOD & COD reduction from textile wastewater using bio-augmented HDPE carriers." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.12.
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Textile wastewater effluents are considered one of the most polluting sources, among all industrial sectors, in terms of both effluent volume and composition, with high BOD and COD values. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) represents the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms in decomposing organic matter under aerobic conditions. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) represents the measurement of the oxygen required to oxidize soluble and particulate organic matter in water. The main goal of the present study was the investigation in reduction of both BOD and COD concentrations, in a textile wastewater source, using bio-augmented MBBR specific HDPE carriers (composition: 5% talc, 7% cellulose and 88% High-Density-Polyethylene). The HDPE carriers were bio-augmented in an experimental laboratory installation with five fungi microbial strains (either as a mix or individual strain): 3 own microbial isolates (from decaying wood source) and 2 collection strains, namely Cerioporus squamosus (Basidiomycota phylum) and Fusarium oxysporum (Ascomycota phylum). Results showed a reduction rate of COD value of 53.45%, of HDPE carriers bio-augmented in the experimental laboratory installation (mix inoculation), and BOD reduction rates between 28% (carriers bio-augmented with isolate #2) and 61% (carriers bio-augmented with Cerioporus squamosus strain).
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Matei, Carmen. "Reflection on Social Entrepreneurship in the Penitentiary Environment." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/40.
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Entrepreneurship can be a solution to the dilemma: “Labour is a form of education, a way of ensuring existence, gaining autonomy, a physical and mental training, a way of oppression, a form of occupational therapy, all together or …none of the variants listed?” Depending on the reference field and the perspectives offered by different specializations, work is defined as a physical or intellectual action, which develop material and emotional satisfactions. Especially in closed environments, it is practiced as a form of occupational therapy (ergotherapy), because it ensures a sense of usefulness, helping to maintain somato-psycho-emotional health. The schoolmasters highlight the formative values of work for students: evaluate the native skills and abilities, lead to the discovery of new unknown interests and talents, support the student in his perfection by inoculating the ideas of responsibility, order, discipline, etc. Before 1989, in detention environment labour was mandatory, but now, labour is an optional right. The two perspectives are diametrically opposed, and the issue was addressed only from the perspective of reduced job supply, both during detention and after release. There are few publications with strict reference to this topic. In general, the social reintegration of post-execution prisoners is addressed. At this moment, the main problem highlighted is integration/reintegration on the labour market, as the main facilitating step of maintaining the accumulations during the detention period and a primary factor for avoiding the recurrence. However, those who have served a custodial sentence do not have a "ticket" to the labour market. To be known and solved, the situation should be addressed continuously: prevention before detention, education/re-education/training / retraining during detention and placement on the labor market / retraining immediately after release.
Reports on the topic "Inoculation material"
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Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao, and Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.
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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.
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Schat, Karel Antoni, Irit Davidson, and Dan Heller. Chicken infectious anemia virus: immunosuppression, transmission and impact on other diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695591.bard.
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1. Original Objectives. The original broad objectives of the grant were to determine A) the impact of CAV on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) (CU), B). the interactions between chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) with an emphasis on horizontal spread of CAV through feathers (KVI), and C) the impact of CAV infection on Salmonella typhimurium (STM) (HUJI). During the third year and the one year no cost extension the CU group included some work on the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine for CAV, which was partially funded by the US Poultry and Egg Association. 2. Background to the topic. CAV is a major pathogen causing clinical disease if maternal antibody-free chickens are infected vertically or horizontally between 1 and 14 days of age. Infection after 3 weeks of age when maternal antibodies are not longer present can cause severe subclinical immunosuppression affecting CTL and cytokine expression. The subclinical immunosuppression can aggravate many diseases including Marek’s disease (MD) and several bacterial infections. 3. Major conclusions and achievements. The overall project contributed in the following ways to the knowledge about CAV infection in poultry. As expected CAV infections occur frequently in Israel causing problems to the industry. To control subclinical infections vaccination may be needed and our work indicates that the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine is feasible. It was previously known that CAV can spread vertically and horizontally, but the exact routes of the latter had not been confirmed. Our results clearly show that CAV can be shed into the environment through feathers. A potential interaction between CAV and MD virus (MDV) in the feathers was noted which may interfere with MDV replication. It was also learned that inoculation of 7-day-old embryos causes growth retardation and lesions. The potential of CAV to cause immunosuppression was further examined using CTL responses to REV. CTL were obtained from chickens between 36 and 44 days of age with REV and CAV given at different time points. In contrast to our earlier studies, in these experiments we were unable to detect a direct impact of CAV on REV-specific CTL, perhaps because the CTL were obtained from older birds. Inoculation of CAV at one day of age decreased the IgG antibody responses to inactivated STM administered at 10 days of age. 4. Scientific and Agricultural Implications The impact of the research was especially important for the poultry industry in Israel. The producers have been educated on the importance of the disease through the many presentations. It is now well known to the stakeholders that CAV can aggravate other diseases, decrease productivity and profitability. As a consequence they monitor the antibody status of the breeders so that the maternal antibody status of the broilers is known. Also vaccination of breeder flock that remain antibody negative may become feasible further reducing the negative impact of CAV infection. Vaccination may become more important because improved biosecurity of the breeder flocks to prevent avian influenza and Salmonella may delay the onset of seroconversion for CAV by natural exposure resulting in CAV susceptible broilers lacking maternal antibodies. Scientifically, the research added important information on the horizontal spread of CAV through feathers, the interactions with Salmonella typhimurium and the demonstration that antigen-antibody complex vaccines may provide protective immunity.