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Journal articles on the topic 'Innovative ultrasound probes'
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1
Gołąbek, Michał, and Tomasz Rymarczyk. "DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS IN ULTRASONIC TOMOGRAPHY." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2914.
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The article describes the progress of construction and research works on ultrasound tomography. The devices allow for non-invasive measurements of various objects using ultrasonic low and high-frequency transducers. The first constructions were made in a dispersed system with active measurement probes using 40 kHz converters. The next constructions were centralized into one measurement system where the measurement probes were connected separately. As a result, the measuring range of the supported ultrasonic transducers with 300 kHz, 400 kHz and 1 MHz has been extended. Apart from transmission and reflection tomography, the latest designs allow for controlling the ultrasound beam (beamforming) and support transducers up to 5 MHz.
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Куэвас, Esmeralda Сuevas, Торрес, and Miguel Torres. "Advances in Aeronautical Nondestructive Inspection: New Methods and Configurable Robot-Based Solutions." NDT World 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23502.
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The application of nondestructive testing to the aerospace sector is constantly improving, as fast as technology allows, due to increasing presence of composites in structures, the use of new materials and the new geometries emerging. This makes necessary to innovate in the development of NDT methods, like ultrasonics or thermography, and in particular in ultrasounds, from using conventional piezoelectric transducers to phased-array technology, that allows the generation of the sound beam easily controlled and configurable based on the use of a multi-elements matrix of probes that can be electronically trigger. Moreover, the application of popular UT techniques (pulse-echo and through transmission) has been extended to other new innovative techniques, such as laser ultrasonic and air coupled ultrasounds.
Tecnatom participates in different innovation project in NDT and develops new equipment for inspection of composite materials. One of the studies is in the comparison of different NDT methods and techniques for the inspection of cured and non-cured materials in aeronautical components with the help of air-coupled ultrasound and thermography.
In the article are described the use of robots in automated Tecnatom system, developed in cooperation with KUKA Robotics. The use of its own developed electronics, allow working efficiently with materials with high attenuation, and specialized software, allows effectively inspecting the complex geometries aviation parts, taking into account the scanning trajectory and robot movement and control all the inspection process.
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Alsbrooks, Kimberly, and Klaus Hoerauf. "Comparative Effectiveness, Efficiency, and ED Nurse Preference Between Two Methods of Visualization for Midline Catheter Insertion: A Pilot Study." SAGE Open Nursing 9 (January 2023): 237796082211507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608221150721.
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Introduction Rapid and reliable peripheral IV access is essential for many patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) to ensure administration of life-saving medications, and successful intravenous cannulation can significantly affect patient care. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a continuous needle tracking system on the accuracy, speed, and quality of ultrasound-guided peripheral venous catheter insertions. Methods A convenient sample study based on the study setting using simulated tissue was conducted with 49 US-based ED nurses to compare the insertion of a midline catheter using traditional ultrasound guidance versus an advanced needle-tracking technology along with ultrasound guidance. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the impact of continuous needle tracking system. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in this study. All participants were made aware that the results may be published. There was no IRB approval for this study. All sources were properly disclosed within the text. Results The addition of the advanced needle-tracking technology significantly reduced total insertion attempts, insertion time, backwall penetrations, and redirects (probes to hit the target vein), while improving image clarity and confidence for participants. Conclusion The innovative needle-tracking system evaluated in this pilot study has the potential to improve emergent difficult vascular access. EDs should assess the value of this technology to potentially improve the management of difficult intravenous access patients in their settings.
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Božić, Aleksandar, and Mladenka Đurović. "MOLECULAR GASTRONOMY – NEW TREND IN RESTAURANT BUSINESS." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061785b.
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Modern trends in catering are focused on various aspects including gastronomic trends, which are the most obvious to users of services. One of the most interesting contemporary trend in gastronomy is molecular gastronomy. This modern trend in the restaurant, which is very complex and insufficiently known to the general public due to the fact that it is a relatively new direction in the preparation of food in the restaurants. In such circumstances, there are numerous disagreements between scientists and chefs, and especially the disputed term is "molecular" that points to some microscopic size. Molecular gastronomy is a direction that involves the preparation of food in a new specific way, which is significantly different from the traditional one. It is often defined as a kind of application of science in practice, while some chefs consider it to be a style of cooking. The specificity of this type of gastronomy is the equipment used in the preparation of food such as rotary evaporators, sintered glass, filters, ultrasonic probes. It is not an equipment typical of classic kitchens, but equipment that is primarily found in scientific laboratories. In addition, the preparation of food in molecular gastronomy involves the use of specific ingredients that are typical of the food industry. Such ingredients are: calcium lactate, sodium alginate, flavors, ascorbic acid, phenols extracted from grape juice, etc. In addition to equipment and ingredients that characterize molecular cuisine, food preparation techniques are also specific. These techniques are based on controlling the cooking temperature, the use of liquid nitrogen and ultrasound, sperring and other specific features that are not used in traditional food preparation. Cooking temperature control is very important and depends on it on the structure, color and mechanical properties of food, where for each type of food the optimal cooking temperature is precisely determined. Very popular is the use of liquid nitrogen, which allows quick icing of food without creating large ice crystals, which is most often used for grinding plants and preparing ice cream. However, when using liquid nitrogen in the kitchen it should be very careful because of the potential hazards to the cook and the guests if it comes into contact with the eyes or in the disabling tract. In addition, molecular gastronomy also uses ultrasound that can be used to control viscosity. A good side of the use of ultrasound is that its use avoids the use of additives and chemicals, and such treatment does not lead to significant chemical changes in food. The classification is used to form a liquid into small edible beads in calcium-alginate capsules that resemble caviar. All of the mentioned specific molecular cuisines require specific innovative cooking skills, so such a kitchen can not be applied to any restaurant, but is typical for exclusive and well-equipped restaurants. Molecular gastronomy as a new trend in food preparation is most represented by European restaurants, but it is increasingly popular in other parts of the world.
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Dimitri, Mattia, Claudia Duranti, Sara Aquino, Lucrezia Mazzantini, Jessica Iorio, Matteo Lulli, Martina Ricci, Lorenzo Capineri, Annarosa Arcangeli, and Andrea Corvi. "Biophysical and Biomechanical Effect of Low Intensity US Treatments on Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma 3D Cultures." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020666.
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Current developments in medical technology have focused on therapeutic treatments that selectively and effectively address specific pathological areas, minimizing side effects on healthy tissues. In this regard, many procedures have been developed to provide non-invasive therapy, for example therapeutic ultrasound (US). In the medical field, in particular in cancer research, it has been observed how ultrasounds can cause cell death and inhibit cell proliferation of cancer cells, while preserving healthy ones with almost negligible side effects. Various studies have shown that low intensity pulse ultrasound (LIPUS) and low intensity continuous ultrasound (LICUS) regulate the proliferation, cell differentiation and cavitation phenomena. Nowadays, there are poorly known aspects of low intensity US treatment, in terms of biophysical and biomechanical effects on target cells. The aim of this study is to set up an innovative apparatus for US treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, monitoring parameters such as acoustic intensity, acoustic pressure, stimulation frequency and treatment protocol. To this purpose, we have developed a custom-made set up for the US stimulation at 1.2 and 3 MHz of tridimensional (3D) cultures of PDAC cells (PANC-1, Mia Paca-2 and BxPc3 cells). Images of the 3D cultures were acquired, and the Calcein/PI assay was applied to detect US-induced cell death. Overall, the setup we have presented paves the way to an innovative protocol for tumor treatment. The system can be used either alone or in combination with small molecules or recombinant antibodies in order to propose a novel combined therapeutic approach.
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Nowacka, Małgorzata, Magdalena Dadan, and Urszula Tylewicz. "Current Applications of Ultrasound in Fruit and Vegetables Osmotic Dehydration Processes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031269.
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Ultrasound (US) is a promising technology, which can be used to improve the efficacy of the processes in food technology and the quality of final product. US technique is used, e.g., to support mass and heat transfer processes, such as osmotic dehydration, drying and freezing, as well as extraction, crystallization, emulsification, filtration, etc. Osmotic dehydration (OD) is a well-known process applied in food processing; however, improvements are required due to the long duration of the process. Therefore, many recent studies focus on the development of OD combined with sonication as a pretreatment method and support during the OD process. The article describes the mechanism of the OD process as well as those of US and changes in microstructure caused by sonication. Furthermore, it focuses on current applications of US in fruits and vegetables OD processes, comparison of ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration to sonication treatment and synergic effect of US and other innovative technics/treatments in OD (such as innovative osmotic solutions, blanching, pulsed electric field, reduced pressure and edible coatings). Additionally, the physical and functional properties of tissue subjected to ultrasound pretreatment before OD as well as ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration are described.
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Serpe, Loredana, Federica Foglietta, and Roberto Canaparo. "Nanosonotechnology: the next challenge in cancer sonodynamic therapy." Nanotechnology Reviews 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2011-0009.
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AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a newly developed anticancer treatment where ultrasound is used to trigger the cytotoxic effect of chemical compounds, known as sonosensitizers. Although SDT is similar to photodynamic therapy (PDT), SDT activates the chemical compounds through energy transfer using ultrasound rather than light. Moreover, SDT can focus the ultrasound energy onto malignant sites situa\xadted deeply within tissues, thus overcoming the main drawback linked to the use of PDT. Several physical and chemical mechanisms underlying ultrasound bioeffects and anticancer SDT take advantage of the non-thermal effect of acoustic cavitation generated by selected pulsed or continuous ultrasound. As the physical-chemical structure of the sonosentizer is essential for the success of SDT, we believe that the different aspects related to nanotechnology in medicine might well be able to improve the triggering effect ultrasound has on sonosensitizing agents. Therefore, the aim of this review is to focus on how nanotechnology might improve this innovative anticancer therapeutic approach.
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Clodoveo, Maria Lisa, Pasquale Crupi, and Filomena Corbo. "Olive Sound: A Sustainable Radical Innovation." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091579.
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Olive Sound is the acronym of a Horizon 2020 European Project aimed at the development of a high-flow oil extraction plant, the Sono-Heat-Exchanger, which combines ultrasound and heat exchange in order to break, through a radical innovation model in the oil mill, the historical paradigm that sees as inversely correlated the oil yield and the content of bio-phenols. These compounds are biologically active molecules that transform the product, extra virgin olive oil, from a mere condiment into a functional food. The primary objective of the project, financially supported by the European Union through the “Fast Track to Innovation” program, is the development of a product “ready for the market” (TRL 9) capable of making the involved companies more competitive while increasing the competitiveness of European extra virgin olive oil in the international context.
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Salgado-Ramos, Manuel, Silvia Tabasso, Emanuela Calcio Gaudino, Andrés Moreno, Francesco Mariatti, and Giancarlo Cravotto. "An Innovative, Green Cascade Protocol for Grape Stalk Valorization with Process Intensification Technologies." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 7417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157417.
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Valorization of agri-food residues to produce bio-based platform chemicals will enhance the transition to the bio-economy era. To this end, a sustainable process has been developed for the overall valorization of grape stalks (GS) according to a circular approach, starting from the lignin fraction to further deal with the cellulose-rich residue. This non-conventional protocol fully adheres to green chemistry principles, exploiting the so-called enabling technologies—mainly ultrasound and microwaves—for energy-saving innovative processes. Firstly, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE, 40 kHz, 200 W) demonstrated to be an excellent technique for GS delignification combined with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs). Delignification enables isolation of the pertinent lignin framework and the potential to obtain a polyphenol-rich liquid fraction, focusing on the valorization of GS as source of bioactive compounds (BACs). Among the NaDESs employed, the combination of choline chloride (ChCl) and levulinic acid (LevA) (ChLevA) presented noteworthy results, enabling a delignification higher than 70%. LevA is one of the top-value biobased platform chemicals. In this work, a flash microwave (MW)-assisted process was subsequently applied to the cellulose-rich fraction remained after delignification, yielding 85% LevA. The regeneration of this starting compound to produce ChLevA can lead to a further biomass delignification cycle, thus developing a new cascade protocol for a full valorization of GS.
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Gligor, Octavia, Simona Clichici, Remus Moldovan, Dana Muntean, Ana-Maria Vlase, George Cosmin Nadăș, Cristiana Ștefania Novac, Gabriela Adriana Filip, Laurian Vlase, and Gianina Crișan. "Red Clover and the Importance of Extraction Processes—Ways in Which Extraction Techniques and Parameters Affect Trifolium pratense L. Extracts’ Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities." Processes 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122581.
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The purpose of this study was to gain an insight into the manner in which several extraction processes (both classical as well as innovative) affected bioactive compound yield, and subsequently to assess several of their biological activities. Red clover extracts were obtained using maceration, Soxhlet extraction, turbo-extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and a combination of the last two. The resulting extracts were analyzed for total phenolic and flavonoid content. The extracts presenting the best results were subjected to a phytochemical assessment by way of HPLC-MS analysis. After a final sorting based on the phytochemical profiles of the extracts, the samples were assessed for their antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and oxidative stress reduction potential, using animal inflammation models. The Soxhlet extraction yielded the most satisfactory results both qualitatively and quantitatively. The ultrasound-assisted extraction offered comparable yields. The extracts showed a high potential against gram-negative bacteria and induced a modest antioxidant effect on the experimental inflammation model in Wistar rats.
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Hsiao, Kai-Yu, Chih-Sheng Lin, Wan-Ming Li, Shih-Hsun Huang, Yu-Ting Cho, Bing-Ru Peng, Lung-Kwang Pan, and Lung-Fa Pan. "Optimizing the Ultrasound Image Quality of Carotid Artery Stenosis Patients via Taguchi’s Dynamic Analysis and an Indigenous Water Phantom." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 9751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199751.
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This study optimized the ultrasound image of carotid artery stenosis using Taguchi dynamic analysis and an indigenous water phantom. Eighteen combinations of seven essential factors of the ultrasound scan facility were organized according to Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array. The seven factors were assigned as follows: (1) angle of probe; (2) signal gain; (3) resolution vs. speed; (4) dynamic range; (5) XRES; (6) zoom; (7) time gain compensation. An indigenous water phantom was customized to satisfy the quantified need in Taguchi’s analysis. Unlike the conventional dynamic Taguchi analysis, an innovative quantified index, the figure of merit (FOM), was proposed to integrate four specific quality characteristics, namely (i) average difference between the practical scan and theoretically preset area (78.5, 50.2 and 12.6 mm2) of stenosis, (ii) standard deviation of the average, (iii) practical scan’s sensitivity β to various stenosis diameters (10, 8, and 4 mm), and (iv) correlation coefficient r2 of the linear regressed sensitivity curve. The highest value (FOM = 0.413) was furnished by the optimal combination of factors on 18 groups under study, yielding high r2 and low β or standard deviation values and the best quality of ultrasound images for the further clinical diagnosis. The comparison between FOM and the conventional signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in Taguchi’s analysis revealed that FOM compiled more quality characteristics that were superior by nature to fulfill the practical need in clinical diagnosis. The alternative choice in ultrasound scan optimization can be based on stenosis diameter variation from a different perspective to be explored in the follow-up study.
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Khawli, Fadila Al, Francisco J. Martí-Quijal, Noelia Pallarés, Francisco J. Barba, and Emilia Ferrer. "Ultrasound Extraction Mediated Recovery of Nutrients and Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds from Phaeodactylum tricornutum Microalgae." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041701.
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In recent years, a growing interest has been shown in the use of microalgae due to their interesting nutritional and bioactive profiles. Green innovative processing technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) avoid the use of toxic solvents and high temperatures, being a sustainable alternative in comparison with traditional extraction methods. The present study aims to evaluate the recovery of high added-value compounds from Phaedoactylum tricornutum assisted by ultrasound. To optimize the UAE of proteins, carbohydrates, pigments and antioxidant compounds, a response surface methodology was used. Carbohydrate extraction was positively affected by the temperature. However, for the extraction of carotenoids, the most influential factor was the extraction time. The total polyphenols were only significantly affected by the extraction time. Finally, the antioxidant capacity, measured by 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), was strongly modulated by the extraction time, while for the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay, the most important parameter was the temperature, followed by the extraction time. The optimal conditions for the maximum extraction of nutrients, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity were 30 min, 50 ºC and a pH of 8.5. Finally, it has been seen that with these conditions, the extraction of fucoxanthin is allowed, although no differences were found between an ultrasound-assisted extraction and a shaking extraction (control).
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Radojčin, Milivoj, Ivan Pavkov, Danijela Bursać Kovačević, Predrag Putnik, Artur Wiktor, Zoran Stamenković, Krstan Kešelj, and Attila Gere. "Effect of Selected Drying Methods and Emerging Drying Intensification Technologies on the Quality of Dried Fruit: A Review." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010132.
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Drying is one of the oldest methods for food preservation that removes the water from fruit and makes it available for consumption throughout the year. Dried fruits can be produced by small- and large-scale processors, which makes them a very popular food among consumers and food manufacturers. The most frequent uses of drying technology include osmotic dehydration, vacuum drying, freeze-drying and different combinations of other drying technologies. However, drying may provoke undesirable changes with respect to physiochemical, sensory, nutritional and microbiological quality. Drying process energy efficiency and the quality of dried fruits are crucial factors in fruit drying. Recently, innovative technologies such as ultrasound, pulsed electric field and high pressure may be used as a pretreatment or in combination with traditional drying technologies for process intensification. This could result in quality improvements of dried fruits and enhanced efficiency and capacity of the production process, with a positive impact on environmental and economic benefits.
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Al Khawli, Fadila, Noelia Pallarés, Francisco J. Martí-Quijal, Emilia Ferrer, and Francisco J. Barba. "Sea Bass Side Streams Valorization Assisted by Ultrasound. LC-MS/MS-IT Determination of Mycotoxins and Evaluation of Protein Yield, Molecular Size Distribution and Antioxidant Recovery." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052160.
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Sea bass side streams obtained from the fish industry can be a good source of nutrients such as high-quality protein, lipids, and antioxidants. In this context, it is interesting to develop innovative approaches to extract the added-value compounds from fish side streams. In this study, a strategy to obtain valuable compounds and to minimize the presence of toxins from fish side streams assisted by ultrasound technology is presented. For this purpose, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions have been optimized based on a response surface methodology (RSM) with the dependent variables: time (0.5–30 min), pH (5.5–8.5), and temperature (20–50 °C). After the treatment, protein extraction and antioxidant activity were evaluated in the extracts obtained from sea bass side streams using some spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Furthermore, mycotoxin presence was evaluated by LC-MS/MS-QTRAP. The results obtained revealed a high recovery percentage of proteins and antioxidant activity in the UAE extracts, especially those obtained from viscera, when the time and temperature increased to 30 min and 50 °C. Furthermore, none of the analyzed mycotoxins were detected in the sea bass side streams extracts under the studied variables. The experimental values obtained were close to the expected values, confirming the validity of the model employed to establish the optimal UAE conditions.
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Breniaux, Marion, Philippe Renault, and Rémy Ghidossi. "Impact of High-Power Ultrasound for Barrel Regeneration on the Extraction of Wood Volatile and Non-Volatile Compounds." Processes 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060959.
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High-power ultrasound (HPU) is an innovative cleaning method used in wineries for oak barrel sanitation and regeneration. The process is associated with hot water (HPUhw) to ensure microbial stabilization and has been proved to be highly effective in recent years. This study thus examines the impact of different cleaning treatments on the subsequent extraction of wood compounds in wine and their impact on organoleptic properties. Red wines aging in barrels treated (HPUhw and steam) in different years (1, 2, and 3 years) were examined during the first 12 months for chemical exchange from wood to wine. Specific analyses were realized on ellagitannins, the physicochemical composition, and oak wood volatile compounds. Only a small increase in some wood volatile compounds occurred in the case of HPUhw, including furfural, 5-methylfurfural, trans-whisky lactone, vanillin, and syringaldehyde. The sensory analysis carried out by a panel of experts showed that the impact on the organoleptic properties of wines is similar with both processes (HPUhw and steam). However, since HPUhw treatment requires lower energy for the same efficiency, it could be an interesting alternative to steam treatment, given the promising prior microbial results.
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Gallina, Lorenzo, Christian Cravotto, Giorgio Capaldi, Giorgio Grillo, and Giancarlo Cravotto. "Plant Extraction in Water: Towards Highly Efficient Industrial Applications." Processes 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 2233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112233.
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Since the beginning of this century, the world has experienced a growing need for enabling techniques and more environmentally friendly protocols that can facilitate more rational industrial production. Scientists are faced with the major challenges of global warming and safeguarding water and food quality. Organic solvents are still widely used and seem to be hard to replace, despite their enormous environmental and toxicological impact. The development of water-based strategies for the extraction of primary and secondary metabolites from plants on a laboratory scale is well documented, with several intensified processes being able to maximize the extraction power of water. Technologies, such as ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, microwaves and pressurized reactors that achieve subcritical water conditions can dramatically increase extraction rates and yields. In addition, significant synergistic effects have been observed when using combined techniques. Due to the limited penetration depth of microwaves and ultrasonic waves, scaling up entails changes to reactor design. Nevertheless, the rich academic literature from laboratory-scale investigations may contribute to the engineering work involved in maximizing mass/energy transfer. In this article, we provide an overview of current and innovative techniques for solid-liquid extraction in water for industrial applications, where continuous and semi-continuous processes can meet the high demands for productivity, profitability and quality.
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Rehana, Kanwal, Irsa Shuaib, Jansher Khan, Hina Gul, Nadia Khattak, and Kalsoom Nawab. "Validity of Carotid Doppler Ultrasound for Detection of Carotid Artery Plaque Keeping Computed Tomography Sensitivity as Reference Standard." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167971.
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Objective: To determine the prevalence and specificity of arterial Doppler imaging pathology identification of artery blood vascular disease Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: In the department of Radiology, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology MTI, Peshawar for the duration from January 2022 to May 2022. Methods: Total 95 patients of both genders were presented. All the patients were suffering from ischemic cerebrovascular illness. Informed written consent of all the patients were taken for detailed demographics. Doppler ultrasound was performed in every patient by a consultant radiologist. Doppler ultrasound findings were compared with Carotid artery stenosis reports. SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.11±8.40 years and had mean BMI 24.1±13.25 kg/m2. The mean duration of disease was 1.7±6.34 years. 52 (54.7%) were males and 43 (45.3%) were females. There were 56 (58.9%) cases were smokers. Comorbidities were diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, ischemic stroke and dyslipidemia. Doppler ultrasound has a 91% overall sensitivity, 77% specificity, 47.3% positive predictive value, 92.5% negative predictive value, and 80% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The accuracy of diagnosing Carotid artery stenosis has greatly increased over time because to technological innovation. The finding of additional measures to describe plaque susceptibility in the carotid artery has grown in importance, from monitoring the carotid artery's shrinking diameter to assessing the enhanced velocity field close to the obstruction/lesion site. The sensitivity, precision, and reliability of Artery stenosis diagnosis have improved because to computer-aided programmes used in a variety of imaging modalities. Keywords: Specificity, Carotid artery stenosis, Doppler ultrasound Sensitivity
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Li, Tian, John Diks, Snow Trinh Nguyen, Jianying Zeng, Neil Chen, and Shivakumar Vignesh. "Next-generation sequencing proves clonal relationship between two distinguished lung and liver carcinomas by standard histopathology approach." Journal of Case Reports and Images in Pathology 8, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100064z11el2022cr.
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Introduction: Two tumors having different histopathologies at anatomically distinct sites giving the picture of dual primary malignancies. Here we presented a case of two possible primary tumors and one secondary mass. Case Report: A 74-year-old female, active smoker, without personal or family cancer history presented with early satiety and weakness for two months. Systems review was positive for a “raw” feeling in stomach, alleviated with antacids. Vital signs were stable with a negative abdominal exam. Lab showed leukocytosis 24.8 K/uL (3.5–10.8 K/uL) with left shift, microcytic anemia with hemoglobin 6.1 g/dL (12.0–16.0 g/dL), and reactive thrombocytosis 477 K/uL (130–400 K/uL). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed right upper lobe necrotizing cavitating lesion with reactive mediastinal and right hilar lymphadenopathy, two irregular hypodense lesions in pancreatic head and tail without ductal dilation with two irregular hypodense liver lesions. Immunohistochemistry of lung and pancreatic lesions were biopsied through endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), consistent with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with extensive necrosis, which indicates pancreatic masses are likely metastases from the lung. Liver lesion biopsy exhibited high-grade neuroendocrine tumor (NET) with focal necrosis. Next gene sequencing was pursued. Given poor functional status, palliative immunotherapy was offered; however, the patient succumbed to respiratory failure. Conclusion: Given the morphology and immunoprofile, differential diagnosis includes dual primary cancers with one metastasis, or primary SCC with metastasis with neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite having different histopathology and immunophenotype, both lung and liver tumors harbor the same molecular profile even at the variants of unknown significance that show identical mutations. As a result, they are directly related. TP53, RB1, MYCL1, and MEK1 mutations are more prevalent in SCC than NET. Tumor mutation burden values may vary as the tumor clonal structure varies between primary and metastatic sites, with higher rates of monoclonal structure recorded in metastases due to clonal selection, leading to a reduction in overall genetic diversity (“bottlenecking”). This raises the suspicion that the liver tumor is a SCC with neuroendocrine differentiation. The paucity of the specimen and rapid clinical course limited further investigation. Germline testing would have been useful to determine whether these findings are somatic or germline.
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Urango, Adela Cristina Martinez, Monique Martins Strieder, Eric Keven Silva, and Maria Angela A. Meireles. "Thermosonication Process Design for Recovering Bioactive Compounds from Fennel: A Comparative Study with Conventional Extraction Techniques." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 12104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412104.
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This study aimed to examine the impact of the combination of acoustic energy at the nominal powers of 100, 200, 300, and 400 W with moderate heat processing at 40, 50, and 60 °C on the extraction of phytochemical compounds from Foeniculum vulgare. Thermosonication processing, based on high-intensity ultrasound combined with an external heat source, can potentialize the extraction of soluble solids from plant material. However, the excessive temperature increase generated by the two energy sources during thermosonication treatment may degrade the thermolabile bioactive compounds. Regardless of the temperature condition, fennel extracts obtained at 400 W presented lower total phenolic content (TPC) than those obtained at 300 W. The cavitation heat and mechanical stress provided at 400 W may have degraded the phenolic compounds. Thereby, the best extraction condition was 300 W and 60 °C. The fennel extract presented the highest content of TPC (3670 ± 67 µg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and ABTS methods (1195 ± 16 µg TE/g and 2543.12 ± 0.00 µg TE/g, respectively) using this treatment. Thermosonication can be an innovative technique for extracting phytochemicals because it provides good results in shorter processing times, with 73% and 88% less energy consumption than Percolation and Soxhlet techniques, respectively.
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Wdowiak-Okrojek, K., P. Lipiec, and J. D. Kasprzak. "P274 Continous echocardiographic monitoring in intensive cardiac care unit with external probe stabilizer - preliminary experience." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 21, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jez319.131.
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Abstract Background The role of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the intensive cardiac care unit is crucial. Imaging is currently performed at the bedside for diagnosis but TTE has also potential to noninvasively provide critical views to assist in patient monitoring. Continuous monitoring would be especially helpful when the patient is unstable; however, continuous availability of skilled sonographers to obtain appropriate views represents a limiting factor. Purpose Recently, an innovative external fixation device allowing prolonged stabilization of transthoracic ultrasound transducer was introduced. The ring-shaped device fitted for TTE probes is attached to the patient by elastic straps to hold the probe in contact with the skin at a fixed but adjustable angle. We developed a research project to assess for the first time the feasibility of continuous TTE imaging with external probe fixation in the intensive cardiac care unit. Methods 12 patients (10 men, mean age 66,5 ± 15 years) hospitalized in intensive cardiac care unit due to cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, end-stage heart failure or respiratory failure were included in the study. The echocardiographic probe be was fixed in the apical window providing a four-chamber view to monitor left ventricular function. We assessed the patient’s tolerance and comfort as well as the quality of images acquired at baseline and at the end of monitoring. Results Fixation of the probe was successful in all patients (figure 1). The mean time of fixation was 10 ± 1 minute, with a clear learning curve. The quality of obtained images was sufficient for evaluation and was maintained throughout the entire period of monitoring in all patients. Monitoring was stopped at patients’ request when discomfort caused by the compression of the skin by the probe and the fixation device became significant (figure 2). The mean duration of monitoring was 85 + 64 minutes (range 15 to 240 minutes). Conclusions In this preliminary series we have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of echocardiographic continuous monitoring of patients in the intensive cardiac care unit using TTE probe with the external fixation device. The design of the fixation device opens the evident field for optimization to extend monitoring duration at acceptable levels of discomfort in conscious intensive care patients. We hope the improved version of the fixator will decrease the pressure on the body. Abstract P274 Figure. Fixation of the device
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Cabrilo, Ivan, Rémi Delaunay, Clare L. Heaysman, Sebastien Ourselin, Valentina Vitiello, Tom Vercauteren, Hani J. Marcus, and Neil L. Dorward. "A Novel Intraoperative Ultrasound Probe for Transsphenoidal Surgery: First-in-human study." Surgical Innovation, July 8, 2021, 155335062110310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15533506211031091.
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Background. Ultrasound has been explored as an alternative, less bulky, less time-consuming and less expensive means of intraoperative imaging in pituitary surgery. However, its use has been limited by the size of its probes relative to the transsphenoidal corridor. We developed a novel prototype that is more slender than previously reported forward-viewing probes and, in this report, we assess its feasibility and safety in an initial patient cohort. Method. The probe was integrated into the transsphenoidal approach in patients with pituitary adenoma, following a single-centre prospective proof of concept study design, as defined by the Innovation, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-Term Study (IDEAL) guidelines for assessing innovation in surgery (IDEAL stage 1 – Idea phase). Results. The probe was employed in 5 cases, and its ability to be used alongside the standard surgical equipment was demonstrated in each case. No adverse events were encountered. The average surgical time was 20 minutes longer than that of 30 contemporaneous cases operated without intraoperative ultrasound. Conclusion. We demonstrate the safety and feasibility of our novel ultrasound probe during transsphenoidal procedures to the pituitary fossa, and, as a next step, plan to integrate the device into a surgical navigation system (IDEAL Stage 2a – Development phase).
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Lauceri, Rosaria, Cristina Cavone, Graziella Chini Zittelli, Lyudmila Kamburska, Simona Musazzi, and Giuseppe Torzillo. "High Purity Grade Phycocyanin Recovery by Decupling Cell Lysis from the Pigment Extraction: an Innovative Approach." Food and Bioprocess Technology, October 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-022-02926-w.
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AbstractPhycocyanin, a phycobiliprotein, is one of the few natural blue pigments available as food colourant, and it is largely used in food industry. We have devised an innovative two-step extraction process which allowed to obtain bright blue phycocyanin crude extracts with high purity grade P (within 2.5 and 3.5) directly from fresh biomass of Arthrospira platensis Gomont 1892 (commonly named Spirulina). We found out and for the first time exploited ammonium sulphate capability to minimize the release of water soluble phycobiliproteins in aqueous medium during ultrasound-assisted cell lysis/purification phase. The conventional sequence which is, extraction followed by purification, was reversed. The extraction phase was decoupled from biomass cell lysis. Cell lysis, accomplished by ultrasonication in ammonium sulphate solution, was merged with purification in a single step, before the pigment extraction/recovering phase. The process was entirely carried out in aqueous solutions. No downstream purification was required to obtain products suitable for the most common phycocyanin applications (i.e. foods, nutraceuticals). Production time, hours instead of days, was reduced to the advantage of the product quality. The process has the great advantages of (1) direct use of extracting solutions that cannot be used in the ordinary ultrasound-assisted extraction of phycocyanin (because of the extensive simultaneous extraction of contaminant molecules), (2) gain of high commercial value phycocyanin due to the elevated purity grade and (3) direct production of highly concentrated bright blue pigment crude extracts (up to about 5 mg mL−1) immediately in hand to the market. Graphical Abstract
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Prandi, Barbara, Martina Di Massimo, Tullia Tedeschi, Laura Rodríguez-Turienzo, and Óscar Rodríguez. "Ultrasound and Microwave-assisted Extraction of Proteins from Coffee Green Beans: Effects of Process Variables on the Protein Integrity." Food and Bioprocess Technology, September 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-022-02907-z.
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AbstractThe demand for proteins is constantly increasing and green extraction methodologies are needed to achieve environmental sustainability goals. The recovery of the by-products of the agri-food chain has also become a priority from a circular economy perspective. Some by-products are still little exploited for the extraction of proteins, such as coffee by-products. In this work, various innovative extraction technologies were applied to recover the protein fraction from the non-compliant coffee green beans (CGB), using a methodological approach that allowed to correlate the process parameters with the final quality of the extracted proteins. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique has been shown to have a minor impact on the quality of the proteins, thanks to the possibility of refrigerating the system, while the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) shows a certain degree of degradation due to the high temperatures reached. The results indicate that strict temperature control is required during alkaline extraction to preserve the quality of the protein fraction.