Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innovations pharmaceutiques'
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Médioni, Éric. "Les enjeux juridiques de l'innovation pharmaceutique." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA083573.
Full textTo prevent some industrials’ purpose of passing the improvement of pharmaceuticals innovation over human values, on the contrary, we have chosen to demonstrate the superiority of the respect of human dignity, compared with the R&D’s advantages. Our goal was to put in evidence the interest of finding equity in the new treatment access. As a preriquisite, we have determined that the best way to favour these options, was to allow the international scientific knowledge communication all over the world, without any frontier, specially of costs. In a second step, we thought about the increase of obligatory licenses in order to rise the generic products consumption. These targets should be obtained by taking drastic measures of price regulation, according to the real effectiveness and tolerance of the new pharmaceutical specialities (“SMR”), so that the inventions could grow and soar for the well being of everyone, even without purchasing power
Estrade, Muriel. "Brochure de l'investigateur." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P210.
Full textIordatii, Maia. "Modélisation et visualisation de l'innovation pharmaceutique." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_iordatii.pdf.
Full textMany pharmaceutical innovations are launched onto the market each year. The sources of drug information are numerous. The physician needs to be able to determine quickly and easily whether the new manufactured product is potentially useful for his practice. The main items of information that describe the nature and potential impact of the new drug must be identified, properly grouped and displayed. Our thesis aims: 1) to identify exhaustively the various sources of information available on the drug throughout its preclinical and clinical development, 2) to identify all the elements necessary for the physician to judge interest presented to him by a new pharmaceutical product, 3) to create and evaluate ergonomic presentation of these elements, developing a prototype to facilitate the consultation of the new drug information. We have positioned ourselves at the time of placing on the market of the drug. Basing on sources available at the time of the placing on the market in France, notably Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) and the reports of the Transparency Committee of the French Health Authority, we have built a conceptual model that regroups the main features of the new drug positioning it with respect to therapeutical arsenal. Then, we have created a software tool that generates automatically a homogeneous interface from the introduced data about the new drug. This tool must help the physician to compare a new drug at the time placing it on the market with those already prescribed for the same indication. The use of this software tool should allow him to get a quick opinion on a new product and to decide if it is an innovation that should be taken into account in his practice. This tool could be used by the national and international drug regulation agencies, editors of drug databases and medical software to facilitate the work of the physician in the watch (monitoring) process. Pharmaceutical companies could use our model to show objectively their new drugs
Mahalatchimy, Aurélie. "L'impact du droit de l'Union européenne sur la règlementation des médicaments de thérapie innovante en France et au Royaume-Uni." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10006.
Full textHealth products based on genes, cells and tissues question the existing legal frameworks because of their advanced character, the complexity of their manufacturing processes, their human or animal origin, the therapeutic hopes they give rise to face to the unknown risks they raise, and their high lucrative potential. European Union law established the legal category of “advanced therapy medicinal products” for some of these health products to ensure the good functioning of the internal market as well as a high level of public health protection. In accordance with these objectives, the European legal regime is specific during their whole life- cycle compare to the general legal frame for common medicinal products. The implementation of this European regulation in France and the United Kingdom disrupt the sector: health safety requirements are strengthened; industrial manufacturing and market access are favoured. But the impact of such regulation is not on a par with this remarkable European regulatory anticipation: only four advanced therapy medicinal products have been presently authorised. On the one hand, a discrepancy appears between the legal sharing out of competencies coming from the treaties and the delimitation of the European and national regulations regarding the objectives of public health protection and good functioning of the internal market, but also regarding the ethical challenges raised by these medicinal products. On the other hand, the real patients’ access to safe advanced therapy medicinal products still raised numerous regulatory issues
Le, Mercier Franck. "Organisation et gestion pharmaceutique des médicaments en expérimentation clinique dans un centre hospitalier universitaire parisien, Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal-Saint Lazare." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P073.
Full textBellaouri, Koutbi Fouad. "Internationalisation de l'industrie pharmaceutique et innovation." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOE012.
Full textLabrouche, Geoffroy. "Stratégie d'innovation et capacités dynamiques relationnelles : le cas de l'industrie pharmaceutique." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10018/document.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the strategic deployment of firms in a High-Velocity Environment through dynamic capabilities. It provides a study of a particular type of dynamic capability – dynamic relational capabilities – through firm’s open innovation strategies in the biopharmaceutical sector. In the first part, we offer a theoretical development of dynamic relational capabilities and open innovation strategies. In this part, we will consider that firms’ dynamic relational capabilities are expressed concretely in open innovation strategies – as a way to manage uncertainty stemming from High Velocity Environments. In the second part, we show empirically the relationship between dynamic relational capabilities and open innovation strategies by studying the case of various firms in the biopharmaceutical industry– Big Pharmas (Sanofi) and biotech start-ups. The thesis shows that in the High-Velocity Environments, managing uncertainty implies a firm’s organizational memory modification through dynamic relational capabilities. Specifically, these capabilities are expressed in open innovation practices. In the biopharmaceutical sector in particular, all kind of firms adopt this type of strategies in order to manage the uncertainty coming from recent evolutions
Duflos, Gautier. "Innovation et stratégies d'acquisitions dans l'industrie pharmaceutique : analyses empiriques." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189613.
Full textYacoub, Nejla. "Brevetabilité des médicaments et innovation pharmaceutique en Tunisie : étude théorique et validation empirique." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0451/document.
Full textThe theoretical study of the impact of patentability on pharmaceutical innovation reveals ambivalent relationships. Thus, it is interesting to target the analysis on a particular country. The notable growth of the local pharmaceutical industry, the emphasis put by the State on the encouragement of pharmaceutical R&D and the absence of previous studies on this issue, are as many factors that make from the Tunisian pharmaceutical industry an interesting cas study of the impact of drugs patentability on pharmaceutical innovation. After having studied the endogenous and exogenous innovation potential in Tunisia, first throughout an analysis of the sectoral national innovation system (SNIS), then according to a survey led next to the pharmaceutical laboratories in Tunisia, we have constructed an index measuring their innovation potential and performances and determined the impact of patentability. The empirical results show that patentability is an incentive for innovation only if the firm (industry, economy) transforms from a "net imitator" into a "net innovator". The Tunisian pharmaceutical industry being at a stage of a net imitator, drugs patentability generates a negative effect on local innovation on the short run and seems a premature reform in Tunisia. However, in the long run, the impact depends on the efficiency of the SNIS in putting into effect alternative means to access new technologies by creating a dynamic of attraction towards pharmaceutical foreign investments "innovation seeking". The theoretical developments, the empirical results and the lessons taught from foreign experiences suggest that this is as much realizable as the Tunisian state adopts a technological policy more targeted and better thought in a sense of creating a genuine "market" for pharmaceutical innovation, throughout valorizing the human capital and boosting the interactions between the public and private actors of the SNIS
Achouri, Djamila. "Formes pharmaceutiques innovantes destinées à une administration oculaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5501.
Full textIn the context of the keratoconus treatment, a formulation containing riboflavin a water-soluble drug, two surfactants (poloxamer 407 and mono acyl glycerol) and water was optimized and prepared by emulsification and a homogenization process. A fractional factorial design was applied to estimate the main effects and interaction effects of five parameters on two relevant responses, namely particle size and encapsulation efficiency. The five parameters studied were the temperature of the two phases, the duration of emulsification, the presence of heating during homogenization, the number of passes and pressure. It has been shown that the most influent parameters are the presence of heating during the homogenization and the pressure that led to the production of nanoparticles with an average size of 145 nm and an average encapsulation efficiency of 46 %. The determination of the optimal parameters of the process led to an optimization of the formulation by using experimental design. The combined influence of three factor variables (or components) of the formulation that are water, monoolein and poloxamer 407 were, studied. In this way, twelve formulas describing the design space were prepared. Results obtained using SAXS and cryo-TEM evidenced the presence of nano-objects with either sponge or hexagonal inverted structure. In the zone of interest, the percentage of each component was determined to obtain both high encapsulation efficiency and small size of particles. Two formulations are very close in the ternary phase diagram, and have responded to these requirements
Paasche, Cédric. "La diffusion de l'innovation et les transferts internationaux de technologie dans le secteur pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D023.
Full textIf able to meet the challenge of the "2nd pharmacological revolution" and to counter the relative regression of tis r-d, the advanced technology side of the pharmaceutical industry should become, in the short term, a prime mover in the national and international "health sector". Yet to achieve this, several major stumbling-blocks must first be overcome : omnipresent public interventionism, the health financing crisis, and the north-south tug-of-war over the technological stakes. Other potential obstacles include the relative mistrust of public bodies and the burden of moral and ethical problems linked to the spread of pharmaceutical "progress". New normative control methods thus objectify a specific "co-operation conflict" (p-f. Gonod) between nation-states, juridical-political entities, and pharmaceutical tnc, techno-economic structures. And although the international juridical framework remains largely compartmentalized and encumbered with national particularisms, more dynamic trends are nevertheless emergins : with regard to the rationalization of technological exchange structures in themselves, to a gradual harmonization of positive rights, and to a global reinforcement in the protection of pharmaceutical industrial property rights. These may lead to an in-depth redefinition of the role of the authorities and of international organizations with respect to the spread of innovation and technology carried out by the stns in this sector
Sayah, Ikbal. "Analyse économique des processus de recherche et de développement : cas de l'innovation pharmaceutique." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090071.
Full textUnder the effect of the growing pressure of the health insurance systems, the medicines, like other goods and services of the health market, go into an era of economic estimate. In other to respond to both the extern constraint and the intern one represented by the R&D expanses which are still high, the pharmaceutical enterprise must face the necessity to embetter its innovation aptitudes within a public health optic. Thus, its future successes depend on its renewed ability of access and management of new knowledge, a real integration of research progress and the dynamism of small enterprises added to the power of the great industrial groups appears here with a certain sharpness (acuteness). The economic questions which should be solved in this particular field are numerous, complicated and as urgent as the necessity to obtain the product is fundamental. It should be taken into account the game that is being established between the different protagonists, by identifying the nature, and the constraint in human resources, further to the question concerning the financial constraint role. The aim of this thesis is to clarify these questions in abeyance with the unrolling of the process of the development of the results that came from research
Gollock, Aboubakry. "Les implications de l'Accord de l'OMC sur les aspects de droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (ADPIC) sur l'accès aux médicaments en Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21039.
Full textIncentive to research and development (R&D), innovation and price are central in the issue of accessibility to medicine in developing countries in general and in Sub-Saharan countries in particular. This thesis aims at assessing in which way the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is conducive to innovation without hampering accessibility to medicines in those countries. This thesis goes back to the origins of the Agreement, analyzes its dynamics and examines its retrospective effects on national laws, bilateral, regional and multilateral agreements. It seems ultimately difficult to share the optimism of the advocates of the reinforcement and harmonization of intellectual property protection. The profits of innovation are far from being proven. These innovations haven’t resulted in any quantitative or qualitative increase of new molecules against type I and II diseases which are rampant among poor countries' as well as rich countries' populations. Furthermore, they haven't stimulated the research and development expenditures devoted to type III diseases, which are rampant in poor countries. In other respects, full access to medicines is thwarted. The decrease of financial accessibility resulting from higher prices is not compensated by the rise of qualitative accessibility. Eventually, the pernicious effects are accumulating. We put forward some alternative and further proposals for the reinforcement of the pharmaceutical patent protection advocated by the TRIPS Agreement
Mel, Thierry. "L’étude des déterminants des opérations de fusions et acquisitions pour les entreprises innovantes : le cas de l’industrie pharmaceutique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0104/document.
Full textThis research examines the determinants of mergers and acquisitions. Over the years, the number and magnitude of corporate mergers and acquisitions has grown considerably. Today, these operations are at the heart of the economy and business strategy. As a result of its evolution, this issue represents a major interest for the academic world and for companies in their logic of external growth. Our research aims to enrich the analysis on these operations by focusing on the impact of the environment and on the actors. The aim is to identify in the French context the factors influencing the nature of the players involved in mergers and acquisitions. A logistic regression analysis allowed us to analyze these determinants. Over the period 2003-2014, we analyzed 114 mergers and acquisitions of companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The results show that the search for innovation is not a significant factor in these operations. Also, the proximity in the broad sense of the actors positively influences the operations. Finally, mergers and acquisitions transactions change differently depending on the business cycle of the transaction period
Campart, Sandy. "Du laboratoire à la salle des marchés : la valorisation boursière de l'innovation dans l'industrie pharmaceutique." Le Havre, 2001. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01875843.
Full textSidi-Boumedine, Farid. "La recherche pharmaceutique à l'épreuve des pratiques communicationnelles. L'invention d'un médicament issu des nanotechnologies." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00972565.
Full textGuezguez, Hella. "Innovations et alliances stratégiques : une analyse en termes d'intégration des connaissances appliquée à l'industrie bio-pharmaceutique." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932410.
Full textDemoré, Béatrice. "Evaluation et régulation de la diffusion des innovations pharmocothérapeutiques en milieu hospitalier." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077152.
Full textTahiri, Azedine. "Innovation par la responsabilité sociétale dans la gestion de projet d'ingénierie : cas de l'ingénierie pharmaceutique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849592.
Full textSebai, Jihane. "Coopération interfirmes et innovation dans le secteur de l'industrie pharmaceutique : une appréhension par les compétences." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS005S.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the necessary competences and characteristics of firms involved in cooperative innovation projects. It subscribes to the hypothesis that involvement in cooperative agreements requires the presence of a certain number of factors (and competences). This dissertation goes beyond the restrictive resource allocation perspective (which draws on the transaction cost theory), by placing inter firm co-operation in a context of competence creation and by distinguishing the characteristics of firms participating in co-operative relationships. The empirical investigations, based on the R&D intensive pharmaceutical industry, aim at identifying the various co-operative forms characteristic of this sector, the competences which contribute to innovation and R&D project activities, and the factors which determine co-operative involvement. The results suggest that the aptitude to innovate in the pharmaceutical sector depends on certain organisational, technological, relational and means competences. Furthermore, participation in co-operative relationships is stimulated by the presence of the fore-mentioned competences as well as certain firm characteristics. The variables influencing pharmaceutical firm participation in innovation agreements differ, however, according to the nature of the pharmaceutical partners (big pharma, start-up, biotechnology firms, public research laboratories, etc. ) and their geographical locations (France, Europe, North America, countries in other continents)
Tahiri, Azedine. "Innovation par la responsabilité sociétale dans la gestion de projet d’ingénierie : cas de l’ingénierie pharmaceutique." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0682/document.
Full textThe integration of a sustainable development gait (SD) in the organizations implies, beyond the incentives, structured and structuring methods. These methods that we could name tools of implementation of SD are oriented toward a common objective: the global performance. Today very few methods are proposed to the societies of engineering in order to reach this global performance. It is probably due to the typological specificities of this type of organization. In point of fact, these engineering enterprises are quite atypical because they are shared between two universes which are the client (for instance pharmaceutical industry) and a significant number of complex subcontractors (SC). In this context, we approach our topic of research: the enterprise must prove that it is “economically viable, socially responsible and environmental healthy” (Quairel-Lanoizelee 2004), even beyond its own frontiers. But the answer to society’s expectations is also an element of the enterprise’s economic strategy. That is why, our idea is to suggest methodologies that are applicable to the engineering profession, and therefore could be adapted to all types of engineering enterprises, so that it can integrate a voluntary gait for SD by The Social Responsibility (SR). The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is developing an international standard in order to provide guidelines for adopting and disseminating social responsibility: ISO 26000, which was published in 2010. In our research we have considered that the SR will play a double role, as reformer of the classical practices of project management as well as a tool that could bring SD strategy inside and outside the engineering organization. The general idea is to conceive a new approach of the enterprise’s management philosophy, disinterested from the unique profit notion. This brings us to think about another dimension of the enterprise’s performance. This project lead us to asking the following question: is it possible to manage an engineering project by including the SR approach in classical methodology of project management?By a methodology of action-research and specifically intervention-research (I-R), we are going to build our investigation about an international engineering company, which has as pharmaceutical engineering activity. The objective is to analyze, and to understand the specificities of engineering enterprise’s model in order to known if it is possible to change this model by developing a new project management approach based on the SR and strategy innovation. The innovating methodology that we developed must allow us to integrate a gait of SR within the best practice of engineering project. In conclusion, the integration tool of a gait of SR which is today on the stage of prototype, built on ISO 26000 norms and on the experimental norm Afnor X30-029 basis, allowed us to develop the pharmaceutical engineering’s profession, by moving from the standard engineering best practice to the social responsible engineering best practice, for a sustainable development goal
Muller, Benjamin. "Création d'une banque de scFv-phages ciblant des protéines hydrophiles ou membranaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13511.
Full textNowadays, more than 60% of marketed drugs target membrane proteins. However, their study still represents a challenge, essentially due to their particular 3D-structure (hydrophobic transmembrane domains and hydrophilic extra- and intra-cellular domains), but also to their low expression level in cells.Ciloa, the start-up company in which I realized my PhD, has developed a patented technology that enables to express native membrane proteins on exosomes, membrane vesicles of 30 to 100nm, using a pilot peptide called DCTM (for Cytosolic Domain of TransMembrane). This technology displays a lot of different applications, in different domains such as drug screening, vaccines development or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) development.The purpose of my PhD research was, first, to set up the recombinant exosomal tool using Ciloa's innovative technology, and then to use this tool to develop monoclonal antibodies.Thus, at the beginning of my PhD, I set up exosomal characterization technics, such as ELISA, and I also took part in the setup of several production and purification protocols, depending of the use of exosomes. Once these tools had been optimized, I was able to use them to develop mAbs. I tested two methods, one classical, the generation of hybridoma after Balb/c mice immunizations, and a more recent technology, the screening of scFvs library by phage display.Therefore, I obtained hybridoma and was able to screen the derived antibodies by ELISA on exosomes. Concerning the phage display technology, I took part in the development of a new scFvs library, based on the 13R4 scaffold, of which we changed the CDRs lengths, mostly the CDRH3, in order to target epitopes with low accessibility, such as the one of membrane proteins. The library screening was realized on recombinant exosomes
Gning, Fatima. "Construction d’une usine pharmaceutique : impératifs réglementaires, sécuritaires et de rentabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ASSA0078.
Full textThe pharmaceutical industry is continually confronted with major changes that constantly redefine the balance between the protection of public health and the economic development strategies of pharmaceutical companies. The drug market is the terrain of major economic challenges for France and increasing its global market share remains a major concern. The achievement of this objective seems to be done around a first axis relating to the development of genetic engineering. The second axis concerns the construction of new production plants on a national and international scale in order to increase its production capacities. However, the construction of new pharmaceutical factories intended to design, manufacture and then market drugs for human use is proving difficult due to the combination of pharmaceutical law, an esoteric matter by nature, and construction law, which abounds in subjects that are eminently techniques. Added to this is its purpose, which is to ensure and preserve the health of the patient throughout the life cycle of the drug, to innovate, to increase production capacities, while meeting the highest manufacturing standards. Such an initiative is all the more daring in a geopolitical context strongly weakened by the 2020 pandemic and then the Russo-Ukrainian conflict which exacerbated the shortage and the extension of supply times for many raw materials, caused a historic increase their cost and, in fact, the overall cost of carrying out construction projects
Coquand, Emmanuel. "Entreprises du médicament, cycles de vie, innovation et gouvernement d'entreprises." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0030.
Full textThe industry of the companies of the drug knows today deep technological, institutional and economic upheavals which lead the economists to raise new questions: how do the firms in the course of time evolve/move? Which are the structures of governance most appropriate to each stage of the cycle of life? Which are the consequences on the strategies of the firms?The objective is to define the structure of governance which makes it possible the companies to maintain an organization flexible, suited to the change, innovating, effective and especially generator of value, whatever the stage of the cycle of life to which they are. Thus, our analysis will jointly use the analyses on the cycle of life and those on the government of company
Perez, Marie-Hélène. "Les options réelles dans la gestion des partenariats autour de projets industriels innovants : le cas d'un partenariat autour d'un projet pharmaceutique." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100129.
Full textReal options reasoning allows a pertinent flexibility and risk treatment. Thus, it feets to innovatives projects. Financing this kind of project often requires négociate partnership. Despite a large body of litterature on the topic, few studies are about real options in innovation's partnership. So, our objective is show real options potential in partnership management on industrial innovative projects. A partnership on a pharmaceutical project case has been studied. In addition to a new real options typology proposal, it allows to understand real options contribution to the optimal moment choice of the competitor entrance in a partnership
Bartoli, Fabienne. "Dynamique sectorielle d'innovation : le cas de l'industrie du médicament en France." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090049.
Full textZouikri, Messaoud. "Stratégies de R et D et innovation dans l’industrie pharmaceutique en France : une étude économétrique sur données individuelles." Paris 9, 2008. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090071.
Full textThe thesis puts forth an empirical methodology to study the link between modes of knowledge production and innovation, based on a functional (basic research, applied research and development) and organisational (internal research, external research) analysis of RD activities. To do so, it uses survey data on RD and innovation at the firm level in order to estimate through appropriate econometric models both the link between firm size and RD modes, and the relationship between RD strategies and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry in France. The main results show that the RD components increase non-linearly and less than proportionally with the size of the firm. Moreover, small and medium-sized firms are not significantly different from big firms in the production of original innovations. The different RD modes contribute to innovation in complementary ways
Gudmundsson, Ragnar. "La justification économique des droits de propriété intellectuelle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0008.
Full textIntellectual property rights are generally considered as the best mechanism to encourage innovation and creation. Nevertheless, the monopoly power which they create can turn out to be excessive and lead to distortions detrimental to economic efficiency. The objective of this thesis is to show that a uniform and undifferentiated protection for all inventions and all creations is bound to harm the working of the economy, and that the protection considered by the world trade organisation following the Uruguay round agreement should be reduced. In its present form, the international regime for the protection of intellectual property rights is likely not only to slow technological progress and economic growth in developing countries, but also to hamper innovation and creation within those very countries where most of those who benefit from this protection come from. One of the chief beneficiaries from the protection granted by intellectual property rights, and by patents in particular, is the pharmaceutical industry. An in-depth analysis of this industry, where profit rates have been exceptionally high, shows that the protection it enjoys today is not justified in economic terms. A reduced protection, more difficult to obtain and which would include a price to those who benefit from it would also encourage innovators and creators to find market- oriented solutions which would enable them to protect themselves and to be rewarded without imposing the same costs linked to monopoly power and exclusion as patents and copyrights
Haddad, Samia. "Industrialisation des connaissances scientifiques : essai sur la relation entre risque et stratégie d'innovation industrielle." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10065.
Full textWith the advent of biotechnologies and its applicabilily (genetic engineering, enzymatic genius. . . ), the process of innovation, carried out within the great pharmaceutical firms, knew deep changes. Schematically, the industrialists of pharmacy are passed from a sifting "random" to a more methodical one, based on scientific results. However, setting science to the service of economic stakes is a complicated task for the pharmaceutical firms, because of the complexity of their R&D process and their inherent risks (raised investment costs, the competition. . . ). Making by hypothesis that the repositioning of the pharmaceutical firms is based on a specific mode of risk management, and observing in the same time that they undertake a strategy of external growth, the question is to identify from the management of risk a relationship allowing us to understand the strategy of growth adopted by theses firms. Undoubtedly, a consequence of the strategic behaviour of the great pharmaceutical firms leads to the emergence of the start-up, a small industrial engineering - extremely innovating, often formed by starting from a very accurate project or around a team of researchers. Nevertheless, throughout their creation and development process, these starts-up come up against various obstacles (risks), particulary, the financial risk (calling external financial actors, like the venture capitals actors). The starting point of our research is related to a study of risk which authorizes an economic analysis of the impact of risks on the decision makers' behaviour (the creators and the venture capital actors). Such analysis allows us to locate the different economic agents, (in particular, the investors in venture capital), to understand the logics of their interventions and to identify the emergence of specific financial organization's forms intended to finance the young innovating companies
Chen, Tzung-wen. "Industrial innovation and innovation community : studies on the semiconductor industry in Taiwan and the vaccine industry in France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0004.
Full textThe concept of "innovation system" has acquired a dominating position in the field of innovation research since the 1990s. However, this perspective can not explain why in the same context some industrial innovations can succeed and others do not. Mainly based on formal organizations, the concept of innovation system does not take into account the notion of power and ignores the effect of conflict that plays an important role in industrial innovation. The cases of the semiconductor foundry and the IC design sectors in Taiwan presented in the first part of the thesis, as well as the cases of vaccines such as BCG, Mutagrip, Hevac B, Prevenar and Gardasil in the French vaccine industry which constitute the second part of the thesis, demonstrate the significance of sociological factors in the history of each industrial innovation. The industrial innovation is a collective action that goes beyond the organizational boundaries and goes against the actual order. But it is not without discipline. Between the formal structure and the freedom of innovators, there is a form of collective action which meets the interests of actors for the achievement of an industrial innovation. These actions, according to the thesis, were constituent of an innovation community. It is a local order established by key players of each innovation, taking advantage of their powers in the system of formal organizations, pursuing opportunities to mobilize the necessary resources for innovation activities. The thesis therefore propose a bottom-up model of industrial innovation, based on the action rather than the actor, which can help overcome the problems faced by the innovation system in explaining industrial innovation
Campion, Marie-Geneviève. "Competition between originators and generics : public regulation and incentives to innovate." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010015/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to examine the competition patterns that exist between originators and generics by focusing on the articulations between regulation and incentives to innovate. Once the characteristics of regulation in pharmaceutical markets is reviewed in the first chapter and an analysis of some current challenges related to cost-containment measures and innovation issues is performed, then in the second chapter, an empirical study is performed to investigate substitution patterns. Based on the EC´s merger decisions in the pharmaceutical sector from 1989 to 2011, this study stresses the key criteria to define the scope of the relevant product market based on substitution patterns and shows the trend towards a narrower market in time. Chapters three and four aim to analyse in depth two widespread measures, the internal reference pricing system in off-patent markets, and risk-sharing schemes in patent-protected markets. By taking into account informational advantages of originators over generics, the third chapter shows the extent to which the implementation of a reference price for off-patent markets can contribute in promoting innovation. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the modeling of risk-sharing schemes explains how such schemes can help in solving moral hazard and adverse selection issues by continuously giving pharmaceutical companies incentives to innovate and supplying medicinal products of a higher quality
Truilhé, Noële. "Dissolution in vitro : méthodologie des tests et qualification de l'appareillage." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P040.
Full textDepret, Marc-Hubert. "Incertitude globale, rupture paradigmatique et dynamique industrielle : un cadre d'analyse à partir du cas de l'industrie pharmaceutique face à la révolution du vivant." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50374-2003-13-14.pdf.
Full textAndrade, de oliveira Luiz Flavio. "Incremental innovation and competition in the french pharmaceutical market : Empirical analysis." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22021.
Full textThe dynamics of pharmaceutical markets have been constantly changing last years. The development of the so called “follow-on” or “me-too” drugs has been in the centre of a major debate concerning the ability of innovation in the health sector. These drugs are characterized by having a minor level of innovation and do not add any therapeutic value in relation to the previous drugs launched in the market. This doctoral dissertation proposes three empirical essays concerning competition aspects in the market of incremental innovation in France. The first chapter focuses on the impact of entry order on “follow-on” drugs competition in the French market between years 2001 and 2007. More precisely, this study examines the effects on market share of first entrants in the follow-on drug market and how this possible competitive advantage changes over time. Our results are coherent with theoretical microeconomic issues concerning the importance of being first. We find evidence that first movers in the follow on drug market have the ability to capture and maintain greater market share for a long period of time. The hierarchical market position of follow on drugs does not seem to be affected by generic drugs emergence. From a dynamic perspective, our analysis shows that market share is positively correlated with the ability of follow on drugs to set prices higher than the average follow-on drug price in a specific therapeutic class (ATC) which means that market power remains considerably important for first movers. Finally we found that the optimum level of innovation to maximize market share is the highest one.The second chapter examines the relationship between entry order of follow-on drugs and their prices on the French pharmaceutical market. We used a representative panel data of 1047 follow-on drug formulations distributed in 118 ATC classes set over 2001-2007. Two measures of prices were used in the econometric specifications: the absolute price and the relative price of the follow-on drugs. The former concerns simply the absolute price of the drug in daily costs and the latter is the price of the drug relative to the average price of the follow-on drugs in the class. Both prices are calculated on the basis of manufacturer prices. These different indicators give us similar results for the impact of entry order on prices but they are differently correlated with market share. Moreover, our study analyses the potential impact of several variables on prices of pharmaceutical incremental innovation such as firm size, innovation and intensity of competition. Our results suggest that big firms have more ability to negotiate higher prices and that the number of follow-on drugs in the class and the emergence of generic competition may help decrease general prices in the ATC class. We have not found any relationship between prices and innovation in the French pharmaceutical market.The third chapter investigates the potential relationship between follow-on drugs dissemination and generic drug market emergence. It explores the structural determinants of off-patented drugs development at the therapeutic class level with a focus on explanatory variables that reflect the intensity of competition amongst similar interchangeable drugs. We found that generic market growth is greater in therapeutic classes where the number of similar drugs is high and the average brand price is low. This could be due to the fact that brand name drugs reduce their prices to keep market share when generic drugs enter the market. We study also the generic to follow-on brand price ratio at the individual drug level and we found that generic prices of later follow-on drugs are closer to the price of the brand name than generics of first follow-on movers. Our results are coherent with the fact that intensity of competition in the follow-on drugs may help reduce prices not only in the patented drug markets but also in the off-patented sector
Belghoul, Khaled. "Les réseaux et clusters d'innovation, dynamique d'évolution et de restructuration de l'innovation dans l'industrie biopharmaceutique : éléments de conceptualisation et analyse des cas de l'Ile-de-France et de la région lyonnaise." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0058.
Full textThe structuring of innovation in science-based industries in the form of networks has become the new organizational dynamics of innovation over the past decades. More specifically, in the biopharmaceutical industry, this new organizational dynamic refers to the logic of efficiency and rationalization efforts in R&D. The nature of innovation and technological interdependencies between different actors are all elements that drive the organization in innovation networks. In this perspective, the study of the process of emergence, structuration and evolution of clusters of innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry enables us to understand the benefits of spatial proximity (knowledge spillovers, shared infrastructure...) and other benefits of organizational and strategic proximity. This thesis also attempts to answer the question of essential factors in the emergence and development of these innovation clusters and that through several case studies of the emergence of clusters of innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry in the United States and Europe.In our empirical study, we chose to analyze this structure in terms of innovation clusters for two regions in France, Ile-de-France and the Lyon region. Through the approach of collaborative projects, we are come to rebuild the two networks and identify the role of some major players in defining the morphology of the network and the transmission and dissemination of knowledge within it. The results also show a structure in networks at multiple scales. The work done contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of interaction within networks of R&D in science-based sectors
Sabatier, Valérie. "Discontinuités téchnologiques et business models : analyse des mécanismes de transformation de l'industrie du médicament." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENG002/document.
Full textIn analyzing recent developments in the drug industry, this thesis brings new elements, both theoretical and empirical, on mechanisms for the transformation of high-technology industries. We seek to understand why the introduction of technological discontinuities does not necessarily lead to change in the industry and on how the dominant logic can be questioned. To address this problem, we used a qualitative approach. We interviewed drug industry experts, and analyzed eleven case studies of biotechnology and bioinformatics companies. Our first theoretical contribution is to propose the concept of dominant logic to complete research on industry life cycle, where we argue that technological discontinuities are a necessary, but not sufficient, condition to change the industry. The concept of dominant logic allows taking into account the general schemes of value creation and value capture that constrain the strategies of the firms that are in the industry. Our second theoretical contribution is to identify four mechanisms of challenge to the industry's dominant logic: new value propositions, alliances with large diversifying entrants, orchestration of networks, and portfolios of business models. Our third contribution is managerial. We offer a tool for the design of corporate strategy. This tool allows articulating promises and risks, medium and long term. Finally, our fourth contribution addresses managers and leaders of the drug industry. We suggest four ways of thinking about the design of their corporate strategies
Gollock, Aboubakry. "Les implications de l'Accord de l'OMC sur les Aspects de Droits de Propriété Intellectuelle qui touchent au Commerce (ADPIC) sur l'accès aux médicaments en Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267310.
Full textRaïs, Ali Setti. "Diagnostic and therapeutic odyssey : essays in health economics." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E019/document.
Full textThis dissertation emphasizes the challenges raised by the management of rare diseases and is structured around three key actors of the diagnostic and therapeutic “odyssey” of patients with rare diseases. Part I is devoted to patients and their social networks. Chapter 1 considers demand-side sources of delay in receiving a diagnosis; Chapter 2 explores the health spillover effects from patients’ health to their direct support structure. Part II considers pharmaceutical firms and examines how firms’ decisions to allocate R&D investment to rare diseases are impacted by innovation policies in rare arenas. Chapter 3 evaluates the causal impact of the EU Orphan Drug policy on R&D efforts in orphan drugs, while Chapter 4 investigates the inequality in allocation of R&D investment within rare diseases. Part III focuses on policymakers and addresses the issues in measuring pharmaceutical innovation benefits along with costs in rare disease arenas, while considering the opportunity cost of healthcare expenditures. Chapter 5 measures the causal impact of pharmaceutical innovation in rare diseases on longevity, while Chapter 6 is a critical discussion of decision-making tools for rational allocation of healthcare resources, and the use of a cost-effectiveness threshold
Muller, Benjamin. "Création d'une banque de scFv-phages ciblant des protéines hydrophiles ou membranaires." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13511.
Full textNowadays, more than 60% of marketed drugs target membrane proteins. However, their study still represents a challenge, essentially due to their particular 3D-structure (hydrophobic transmembrane domains and hydrophilic extra- and intra-cellular domains), but also to their low expression level in cells.Ciloa, the start-up company in which I realized my PhD, has developed a patented technology that enables to express native membrane proteins on exosomes, membrane vesicles of 30 to 100nm, using a pilot peptide called DCTM (for Cytosolic Domain of TransMembrane). This technology displays a lot of different applications, in different domains such as drug screening, vaccines development or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) development.The purpose of my PhD research was, first, to set up the recombinant exosomal tool using Ciloa's innovative technology, and then to use this tool to develop monoclonal antibodies.Thus, at the beginning of my PhD, I set up exosomal characterization technics, such as ELISA, and I also took part in the setup of several production and purification protocols, depending of the use of exosomes. Once these tools had been optimized, I was able to use them to develop mAbs. I tested two methods, one classical, the generation of hybridoma after Balb/c mice immunizations, and a more recent technology, the screening of scFvs library by phage display.Therefore, I obtained hybridoma and was able to screen the derived antibodies by ELISA on exosomes. Concerning the phage display technology, I took part in the development of a new scFvs library, based on the 13R4 scaffold, of which we changed the CDRs lengths, mostly the CDRH3, in order to target epitopes with low accessibility, such as the one of membrane proteins. The library screening was realized on recombinant exosomes
Bah, Mamadou. "Fonctions du brevet et stratégies d’agents : matériaux pour une économie des systèmes sectoriels de brevets." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22012.
Full textIn a context of knowledge economy, patents are used in different ways by the government and inventors the incentive for innovation, protection and dissemination of knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the patent system. To do this, we propose a new approach to the patent which takes into account sectoral specificities. We thus call this approach, sectoral system of patents. Starting from the standard analysis, based on the principle of "one size fits for all", we develop an analytical framework that takes into account the nature of knowledge to protect. The process of learning, knowledge base, technological opportunities, the specificity of knowledge and general conditions of appropriability, are the base of the model. They allow to classify the technologies into two types : complex technologies and discrete technologies. In this classification, we deduce strategies and sectoral uses of patents. We show that in discrete technologies, like the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnologies, patents effectively protect inventors and the dominants types of patent strategies are fencing and evergreening. While for complex technologies, electronics and software, the patent is considered inefficient. Thus, it is supplemented by other means of protection such as technological complexity, technological advance, the secret, copyright, to fight against copying the invention around. The patent strategies reveal phenomena such patent thicket, bulks
Saulia, Emmrick André. "Cyanobactéries diazotrophes du Pacifique Sud : variabilité saisonnière, caractérisation morpho-génétique/chimique et potentiel de valorisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nouvelle Calédonie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NCAL0003.
Full textThe southwest Pacific Ocean and the waters of New Caledonia are characterized by high abundances of cyanobacteria. Among these cyanobacteria, some have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2), and are called diazotrophic cyanobacteria. These organisms are known to contain high added value metabolites and nutrients in varying proportions, which give them potential for economic development that may be of interest to New Caledonia. Several of these cyanobacteria have been isolated in culture from the coastal and offshore waters of the Southwest Pacific, but the precise characterization of their diversity and their potential for recovery are still unknown. With a view to a better knowledge of diversity and a possible economic valuation, the objectives of this doctoral work were (i) to study the seasonal variability of the diversity / activity of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the lagoon of Noumea, (i) to carry out a morphogenetic and proteomic characterization of indigenous strains recently isolated in culture and (iii) to evaluate their potential for valorization
Berabez, Rayan. "Conception et validation préclinique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de LIMK pour le traitement de la Neurofibromatose de type 1." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1070.
Full textNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease characterized by the development of cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) (benign tumors) located at nerve endings. LIM kinases (LIMKs), enzymes responsible for cytoskeleton dynamics, have emerged in recent years as valid therapeutic targets for this disease. These enzymes are overactivated in several pathologies including NF1, glioblastoma or osteosarcoma. A medicinal chemistry project was therefore initiated with the aim of designing new selective inhibitors of LIMKs. Initially, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted on the 3 main pharmacomodulation sites of the pyrrolopyrimidine-type compounds previously developed by our team. The development of various synthetic strategies was undertaken, allowing efficient access to a large number of final products (84). Optimization of the aniline portion of the compounds led to the synthesis of 49 LIMKs inhibitors, with inhibition constants lower than 5 nM for several derivatives. Subsequently, an optimized 15 steps synthetic route was developed to replace the previously unchanged central ring 3,6-dihydropyridine with a derivative of 1-aminocyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid. Finally, a new series of inhibitors was developed by replacing the heterocyclic pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine base by 7-azaindole derivatives. Improved LIMK vs. ROCK selectivity was observed among the 23 obtained products. Following extensive in vitro evaluation of our best inhibitors on several cell lines, two compounds were selected for in vivo trials on an original mouse model of NF1. In parallel, new modes of LIMKs inhibition were developed with the synthesis of an irreversible inhibitor targeting LIMK1, as well as 4 PROTACs that induced LIMKs degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system in several cell lines
Duflos, Gautier. "Innovations et Stratégies d'Acquisitions dans l'Industrie Pharmaceutique : Analyses Empiriques." Phd thesis, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003185/en/.
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