Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innovations médicales'
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Hirtzlin, Isabelle. "Dynamique économique du transfert des connaissances de la recherche biomédicale à la production de soins." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010021.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to give a contribution to economic analysis of the innovative process in the biomedical field. More specificaly we study how the results of basic research in molecular biology are transfered in hospital services to produce new diagnosis practices. Our first part is studying research transfertto health care from a general point of vue, to go then more specificaly to the question of molecular biology through case study. The second part is presenting theoric perspectives in order to find elements to explain the empirical context. We present the linear scheme, the evolutionist perspective, technical change economics, and networks of cooperation. The third part is discribing relationships between research and hospital laboratories. We study staff motivations the means through which cooperation is posible and different strategies. The last part is extending to a network the initial cooperation. The network is presented from its constitution's conditions, its boundaries and functioning dynamics to create innovation. Finally, we show that the network ca evolve to other organizational schemes
Künig, Damian. "Les institutions de l'éthique discursive face au droit dans la régulation des nouvelles technologies médicales /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30309.
Full textThe institutions of discourse ethics I will look at are: national commissions of experts, national ethics committees, technology assessment committees and consensus conferences. Used in these institutions, argumentative discussion has the capacity to influence the meaning we give to our moral norms as well as the context and the conditions for their application. These discussions generate a special kind of normativity, which ought to be recognised by our legal system. Law itself would benefit from an interaction with such normativity.
Fortanier-Pianelli, Cécile. "La coopération médecine / industrie en matière de R&D dans le domaine biomédical des produits cellulaires humains aux fins thérapeutiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24001.
Full textTournay, Virginie. "Produire des biens médicaux : contribution pragmatique à une sociologie de l'action publique : des topographies médicales aux thérapies cellulaires : des enquêtes administratives pour fabriquer des biens publics médicaux." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010259.
Full textWikanta, Prasaja. "Etude et conception d'une nouvelle architecture transversale PHY/MAC pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fils dédiés à la télémédecine." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPHF0014.
Full textImproving access and quality of public health services in Indonesia is still a big challenge. Geographic obstacles, shortage, and maldistribution of specialist/doctors especially in rural areas are some of the challenges to be answered. In 2016, the city council of Makassar Indonesia has developed a telemedicine system called "home care" to overcome those challenges. They created mobile healthcare vehicle called "Dottoro ta" that gives healthcare services 24 hours/day to the community. This vehicle is equipped with ElectroCardioGraphy (ECG), UltraSonoGraphy (USG) and other standard medical equipment. When patients call this service, a team consisting of doctors, nurses and drivers will move to the patient's location and gives a proper treatment. Meanwhile, the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offers a broad opportunity to improve these services. Changing this equipment with IoT devices will offer a lot of advantages. IoT is the recent technological term, which is a collection of devices or sensors that have connectivity to the internet. Here, the Internet does not have to be a global connection; indeed, a Local Area Network (LAN) is also possible as long as it supports TCP/IP protocols. Most IoT devices use wireless connections to ensure mobility and portability. However, wireless devices have some fundamental issues such as energy consumption, noise and interference of wireless communication. IoT has many variations for implementation including healthcare sectors. Today, sensor nodes have changed into small, unobtrusive and powerful devices, which can be easily accommodated into wearable devices such as smart watches, bracelets, gloves or buttons. Thus, it gives more convenient way to collect the health condition data of patients using wearable sensors and then send, analyzed and stored the data in the cloud. For example, by using heart rate sensors, the conditions of the patients such as heart attacks, anxiety and stress can be continuously monitored. Another potential of using IoT on health sectors is telemedicine field, enabling doctors/nurses to perform retrieval of data in real-time and immediately perform diagnostics on the spot, without preoccupied with the installation of conventional medical devices. This will speed up diagnosis and give a positive impact on the health of the patient. Indeed, deploying IoT system in the health sector has several advantages over conventional wired systems such as ease of use, reducing the risk of infection, reducing the risk of failure, reducing user discomfort, increasing mobility, improving the efficiency of hospital care, and lower installation costs. However, providing the robust transmission in the wireless communication is a challenge in the healthcare domain, because continuous updated health data is very important for the treatment of the patients. In this research activity, we propose a new cross layer protocol to overcome this problem. The proposal takes advantages of beacon power measurements in the node’s PHY layer to determine whether there is interference from the human body or not. This information is used by the MAC layer to decide the transmission of packets. Our results show that there are significant improvements of the PER while maintaining the throughput relatively the same as the conventional protocol. We analytically show the effect of body pathloss on 802.11ah network and its effects in terms of power consumption for the healthcare sensors. We compare the standard pathloss of 802.11ah with body pathloss. We see that body pathloss increase PER and decrease throughput because the body absorbs the electromagnetic signal. We also propose a novel cross-layer algorithm to counter the effect of body pathloss. The idea is to defer the data transmission if there is a high probability of body pathloss by detecting the received power of beacon
Lubicz, Boris. "Evaluation de l'apport des nouvelles techniques diagnostiques et thérapeutiques pour la prise en charge des anévrysmes intracrâniens." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S017.
Full textHuot, Laure. "Evaluation clinique des dispositifs médicaux." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983482.
Full textRobert, Fabien. "Étude du BMP-9 et du PlGF dans la physiopathologie du syndrome hépatopulmonaire : À la recherche de cibles thérapeutiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ054.
Full textHepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe pulmonary complication caused by liver diseases. It is characterized by abnormal proliferation and dilation of the small blood vessels in the lungs, leading to reduced blood oxygenation. Currently, liver transplantation is the only available treatment for this condition. Understanding the mechanisms involved in both the development and progression of HPS is crucial for developing more effective treatments. During this PhD, we explored two promising therapeutic targets. The first is BMP-9, a protein whose loss is necessary for the development of the disease. The second is PlGF, a protein that increases specifically in the context of cirrhosis and can worsen blood oxygenation issues. These new avenues could lead to the development of more targeted treatments for HPS
Zenteno, Omar. "Markerless tracking of a fiber-optical probe by endoscopic vision : Towards multispectral enhanced biopsy." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/public/2020ORLE3181_va.pdf.
Full textThis work addresses the problem of bi-modal registration to provide the surgeon with an accurate optical biopsy location in endoscopic frames during image guided examination. A multispectral-augmented endoscopic prototype was developed based on a commercial endoscopic system: A fiberscope is inserted into the operating channel and connected to a snapshot multispectral camera (41 bands in the range of 470 to 975 nm), working as a localized optical biopsy for a complementary medical exploration with a much smaller field of view. The registration between modalities is challenging due to the lack of texture in gastric wall which causes direct image-content registration methods to fail. Therefore, we approach the registration problem as a relative pose estimation between two non-homogeneous cameras (endoscope and fiberscope) not rigidly linked. Both cameras can be separately calibrated using a chessboard pattern so their instantaneous relative pose can be estimated by tracking the moving camera (fiberscope). To do this, we take advantage of the fiberscope presence in the endoscopic images and its geometry. Therefore, the pose of the fiberscope is estimated by minimizing the re-projection error of a virtual cylinder using a predicted pose in four steps: (i) the segmentation of the fiberscope is achieved through CNNs models trained on our endoscopic sequences;(ii) a 3D cylinder axis is initialized using the initial segmentation and Plücker’s coordinates;(iii) the pose estimate is optimized by maximizing Jaccard’s similarity index between an automatic segmentation of the fiberscope in the image and the virtual cylinder projection in the endoscopic reference frame; (iv) we use the pose of both cameras to estimate the transformation through direct homography between virtually projected points achieving a markerless tracking. This approach was validated using a virtual framework to realistically simulate the movements of the fiberscope inside the operating channel (i.e, insertion and precession) and in-vivo sequences acquired with our multimodal prototype in a medical center. The final registered images offer the surgeon real time visualization of the area targeted by the fiberscopeat the gastric wall and its corresponding spectral data. In an off-line process, it is also possible to locate the hyperspectral biopsy on a panoramic map constructed by image mosaicing techniques from the endoscopic video acquired during examination. In a general way, the proposed method for locating optical biopsy can be extended to any type of imaging, specially in the presence of poorly textured images or when markerless probe tracking is necessary, and could be valuable for patient monitoring
Bru, Laurie. "Les enjeux de la normalisation européenne des objets connectés de santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10038.
Full textConnected objects in health are emerging technologies. They are subject to many innovations and may incorporate blockchains, High Performance Computing, artificial intelligence and nanotechnologies. These objects are multiplying at a rapid rate within the internal market in the European Union and are creating new challenges, particularly with regard to the protection of personal data, public health considerations, cybersecurity and the competitivity of European companies in a globalized world. These objects need a framework. European standardization is a particularly appropriate regulatory tool to answer all these concerns. It overcomes the drawbacks of hard law, in particular because of its flexibility and ability to adapt to the evolution of the state of the art and the digitization of economy. European standardization organizations will therefore have to develop and update standards for the technologies on which connected objects in health are based. European institutions must support this standardization to ensure it is commensurate with the stakes involved
Tohme, Walid. "Gestion d'une innovation dans le secteur de l'imagerie médicale : les réseaux PACS." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090024.
Full textThe medical imaging field is called upon today to respond on the one hand to the rising needs of conventional radiology and on the other hand to perceive the medical field advances from an efficiency standpoint. Technological progress led to the development of PACS (picture archiving and communications systems) medical imaging networks. This research work investigates three fundamental question : do PACS networks contribute to the improvement of management and decision-making tools in the medical imaging field? The first historical approach traces the emergence of PACS networks in the evolutionary process of the medical imaging field along with the analysis of the supply's answer to the demand and the competitive environment. A second economical approach establishes on the one hand a cost element through a comparative analysis of five economic studies of PACS networks and, on the other hand, a set of efficiency indicators both technical and clinical, weighted and quantified, obtained as a result of our inquiry and that represent necessary tools to the economic justification of PACS. The third organizational perspective investigates the conditions and repercussions of the installation and management of these networks. The key players involved in this innovation are identified and the necessary compromises for the establishment of PACS are analyzed
Mignot, Leo. "Sociogenèse d’une spécialité médicale : le cas de radiologie interventionnelle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0902.
Full textIntroduced in the 1960s, interventional radiology includes invasive medical procedures for the treatment or diagnosis of a pathology performed under the guidance or control of an imaging device. The aim of the thesis is to develop the sociohistorical analysis of the emergence of a medical specialty – interventional radiology – and to study its legitimization strategies. Three interdependent lines of inquiry are privileged in particular. The first aims to understand how this medical practice was born by establishing the archaeology of the innovations that gave rise to it. In the second, it is a question of analyzing the strategies of valorization and the ways of valuing interventional radiology. The interventional radiologists’ desire for independence has led them to mobilize different registers of legitimacy (scientific legitimacy, professional legitimacy in the medical field, regulatory legitimacy). The third line of inquiry allows for the issue of social demarcation and boundaries to be taken into account. As it is a means of transgressing the established dichotomy between the diagnostic and therapeutic spheres, interventional radiology has in fact led to a reconfiguration of the relations between specialties. The investigation is based on a methodology combining semi-directive interviews, in situ observations (operating theater, multidisciplinary consultation meetings, consultations) and the use of scientometric data. An international perspective on the Canadian situation makes it possible to study the impact of national contexts on the dissemination and recognition of interventional radiology
Toubon, Hector. "Le rôle de l'innovation médicale dans la croissance macro-économique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED045.
Full textThis thesis aims to highlight the determinants of medical innovation and its impact on economic growth. It is based on building a database of spending and consumption of health goods and services between 1980 and 2010, and also on three theoretical models. Established results for cohorts born between 1923 and 2010 show that medical innovations are mainly determined by demographic changes. Moreover, even if these medical innovations have historically allowed the emergence of significant economies of scale, they do not currently play a leading role in macro-economic growth. Indeed, in the current conditions of stability of the survival curves, the mechanics of medical innovation does not appear as a driving force for macroeconomic growth short term. The multiplier effects of medical innovation on economic growth would be, on the short-term, negative or zero
Zanetti, François. "L’Électricité médicale dans la France des Lumières : histoire culturelle d’un nouveau remède." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100152.
Full textFrom the 1750s, Electricity was the object of widespread scientific and popular curiosity across Europe. Its first use was therapeutic and electric sparks have immediately been applied to paralytics. In France, medically-trained physicians did not become interested on the new treatment until the 1770s. The role of the newborn Société royale de médecine and of Pierre Mauduyt de la Varenne was pre-eminent in fashioning electricity as a properly medical tool, thus excluding natural philosophers and amateurs from its legitimate practice. Not only does this process have institutional and professional dimensions but it also deals with cultural representations in the scientific and medical fields of knowledge and with the behaviour and practices of both the patients and practitioners. We underline the authority of the patients in ther organisation of their own treatment and their being active in the medicalisation process. During the 1780s, there is a sharp social shift in the use of medical electricity, which is thereafter targeted towards the urban poor, in order to regenerate the Nation and put them back to work. Focusing on a single therapeutical means allows us to cross traditional boundaries between the history of medical ideas, social history of the patients and practitioners and cultural history of representations thus integrating the history of medicine to the wider field of Enlightenment history
Eskandar, Fadi. "Informatique et Imagerie Médicale. Rôle de l’INRIA des années 1970 à nos jours. Exemple de l’équipe-projet EPIDAURE/ASCLEPIOS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL143.
Full textToday, medical imaging is a major component of the medicine development: image analysis and its deployment are a central research area at INRIA (French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation), pioneer in this field, in France and abroad. However, it is difficult to evaluate this kind of fundamental research because of its long-term realization. Moreover, given that the research at INRIA is based on cooperation, its role may be underestimated for the benefit of its partners. The historical objective of this thesis is to show the importance of INRIA’s role in medical imaging analysis through the example of EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS, leading team in this field. This investigation is based on three methodological paradigms: a bibliographic search, a synthesis from the archives of INRIA-Rocquencourt (Ile-de-France) and ten semi-directed interviews, conducted by us, with INRIA researchers directly involved in Medical imaging the analysis. The results show that since the 90s of the 20th century, the EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS project-team has been the founder of this field in the world. Moreover, this team is the origin of a new digital revolution, through the design of the "Personalized Digital Patient", proposed by its director Nicholas AYACHE, whose central role in this line of research is reflected in the excellence of published results, the wealth and dynamism of established collaborations in the academic, medical and industrial fields. The support of INRIA’s management to the EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS project-team is an asset of its success on the international scene
Meyer, Christine. "La régulation de la diffusion des innovations dans le système de santé : l'exemple de l'imagerie médicale." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010028.
Full textThe developped countries aim at managing the health structures developpment and to limit the health expenditure growth induced by technical and medical innovations diffusion in the health system. So, they directly operate in the system. But the french policy (price fixing or budgeting system or investment control), is primarily organized to limit this diffusion. And it is not efficient. During the last ten years diagnostic imaging grew at the same rythm than the whole medical expenditures. Though investment is controlled, the ct-scanner's looks like if it was not. When the examinations are paid by unit, we argue that there are induced profits, while in hospitals with limited budget local deficits are hidded. Even if the system might be made more efficient by technical ways, those public actions have to be built on economical criteria and take in account conditions and effects of those diffusion, for example the learning costs and the externalities
Cartellier, Dominique. "La communication scientifique face à l'industrialisation : mutations et enjeux dans l'édition scientifique, technique et médicale." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39045.
Full textScientific, technical and medical publishing are subject to the increasing dominance of the industries of mass culture and information. Their power alters the conditions required for publishing to operate in an independent manner and jeopardises its role in scientific communication. Scientific, technical and medical books only play a secondary role as a medium of scientific communication. But, they retain a certain legitimacy in that they are determined by the constraints of scientific endeavour. They are subject to the logic of supply, the logic of science but above all the logic of demand, a mercantile force that tends to prevail. As a result, scientific publishing is less and less an instrument for communicating and promoting science. Publishers are subject to production requirements that are specific to the world of science, which imposes its own standards and endorsement processes. They make only a slight contribution to the organization of publishing as a whole and the control they exercise is increasingly commercial in nature. The acceleration of the industrial process, caused in particular by the development of new technology, does not appear to contribute any additional energy to the sector, which is particularly influenced by the logic of the information industries, proposing increasingly customized services based on upstream control of information flows. The transformation of the sector must also be seen in the context of changes in the world of scientific communication, where technical media and market forces play an increasingly important role
Duong-Eclancher, Tu-Anh. "Intégration par les usages d’une innovation en santé : La télédermatologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC096.
Full textDesigning product or services for healthcare system is highly complex, costly and risky. It combines constraints such as being a multi decisional and multilevel system with specific financial model linked to the state the healthcare system organization belongs to. In the highly marketing-time sensitive context of innovative products or services, there is challenge for designers to be able to match the new design to the users’ needs, answering to their context or usages while integrating all system stakeholder components. Telemedicine (TM) is the use of ITtechnologies to provide medical care or medical advice. It is considered a care delivery transformation combining medical, technological and organizational innovation. Using the example of Teledermatology a dermatological application of TM, this PhD develops a methodology based upon users contexts and usages to design integrate and provide an assessment model to decision makers. The opportunity to implement and integrate the service in French department of dermatology is discussed
Gozim, Sid Ahmed. "Le processus d'innovation dans les activités de services : le rôle de la veille stratégique. Application au champ non médical en milieu hospitalier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2008.
Full textIf the processes of innovation in services activities were the subject of extensive work over the past 30 years, the link with business intelligence has been less analyzed in this context. This thesis proposes to build and to confront a representative model of this link with a multiple case study in the private and public hospital sector, on non-medical innovations. They confirm the existence of a strong link between intelligence and innovation, before and during the innovation process construction, for a wide variety of stakeholders involved in the process, regardless of their hierarchical position and their field activity
Colasse, Sophie. "Hôpital, Territoire, Santé : l'émergence d'un contrôle de gestion médicalisé ?" Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00732241.
Full textSchoen, Antoine. "Des brevets sur les gènes humains : analyse d'une controverse d'origine scientifique." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA111018.
Full textGozim, Sid Ahmed. "Le processus d'innovation dans les activités de services : le rôle de la veille stratégique. Application au champ non médical en milieu hospitalier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2008.
Full textIf the processes of innovation in services activities were the subject of extensive work over the past 30 years, the link with business intelligence has been less analyzed in this context. This thesis proposes to build and to confront a representative model of this link with a multiple case study in the private and public hospital sector, on non-medical innovations. They confirm the existence of a strong link between intelligence and innovation, before and during the innovation process construction, for a wide variety of stakeholders involved in the process, regardless of their hierarchical position and their field activity
Brittes, Marisangela Pacheco. "Proposta de modelo de gestão de confiança para internet das coisas médicas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2542.
Full textIn recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been introduced, getting attention as an emerging technology, built upon pervasive connectivity of objects in heterogeneous networks. Medical environments are composed by many devices named objects that are able to interact with each other and collaborate in order to achieve a common objective (diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and patient rehabilitation). This scenario is characterized as Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and one of its greatest challenges is to develop trustworthiness mechanisms to assure data exchanges in a certain level of credibility. This work proposes a model to manage trustworthiness for IoMT networks based on social network concepts and biomedical relevance criteria. The proposed model is based on a trust recommendation index, computed by a deterministic trustworthiness management protocol. To evaluate the model effectiveness, simulations were created with different IoMT scenarios. The model demonstrated to be useful to detect objects with suspicious behavior in the network, avoiding their relationships establishment and minimizing the IoMT damage during the data exchanges.
Benyahia, Nesrine. "Le droit de l'imagerie médicale et ses enjeux de santé publique : étude comparative France, Angleterre, Allemagne et Québec." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB173.
Full textMedical imaging is a care activity at the crossroads of all medical specialties. It has become a primary care activity at the heart of the diagnosis and treatment of many pathologies in oncology, neurology and cardiology, for instance. Its essential role in the care path of the patient is the result of the important development of the technologies, but also of the clinical indications. The framing of medical imaging in the French healthcare system remains nevertheless unclear and bordered by legal and economic constraints. This legal and economic uncertainty is an obstacle to the effective access to medical imaging technology for patients through, in particular, an exacerbated control of equipment installations and a disorganized acts pricing procedure. Furthermore, the lack of medico-economic evaluations delays the implementation of innovations and even creates risks to the safety and quality of the imaging tests performed
Zafiropoulou, Maria. "Les réseaux de santé, gouvernance et potentiel d'innovation : études de cas des réseaux gérontologiques grecs, suisses et français." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12022/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is to contribute to the analysis of health care networks, and particularly of gerontology networks as promising organizational arrangements. This research tries to answer the following question: How can the logics of action and gerontology strategies of deciders meet the needs of (global) public policies and local needs (local) in order to foster social innovation and serve users ? Gerontology network is considered not as a toolbox, but as a living body, and just like every human body, these networks are characterized by their morphological (anatomical) and physiological features (Part I), and by their behavior (Part II). We have chosen to accompany the text of caricatured illustrations associated with some verbatim from interviewed stakeholders. Thus, the network is as a person, a puppet of the government, a robot - reflecting creativity and originality - or even a clone - symbolizing an ideal organizational type. In the same perspective, the innovative logics of action would be those that meet the "biorhythm" of network in order not to degrade its effectiveness and those adopting appropriate strategies to its spatiotemporal environment. Willing to analyze some innovative cases of gerontology networks in France, Switzerland and Greece (Part III) we have created a model based on the articulation of regulation and proximity. Health networks are positioned on this model, and criteria such as their organizational capacity of interference and arrangement in time, their position in the life cycle, their choice of proximity and control allow them to be more innovative
Imbaud, Claire. "Influence des technologies de santé dans les parcours de soins des personnes âgées : quel plateau médico-technique ? : éléments de réponse par l’analyse des données de santé." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2380/document.
Full textThis work questions the answer to be given in terms of organization of the health technical offer and its fair distribution in the territories especially for the elderly patients with multimorbidities. It is based on the assumption that there is space for a concept of small multi-disciplinary outpatient health facilities, with a small health-technical platform, which would help to streamline and optimize care pathways. The method consisted on the one hand to study in Germany smaller community interdisciplinary health care center (the MVZ) in operation for a longer time than the the French multidisciplinary médical care centers. And on the other hand it analyzed the national heath data to reveal both the existence of comorbidités related groups and homogeneous care pathways related groups. The results are positive, both in network science analysis and in the automation of representations of complex care pathways. They made it possible to create representative patterns of groups, to characterize the consumption of care, in terms of medical devices and human resources, to quantify the cumulative distances traveled and the costs accumulated by patients according to their place of residence and the health institutions to which they are sent. We get addition elements for the definition and labeling of small community health centers, satellite of larger hospitals. This work represents a particularly useful step, both conceptual and practical, for complex health data studies of elderly
Freitas, Maria Imaculada de Fátima. "Des discours et des actes dans l'innovation socio-médicale au Brésil : analyse des enjeux institutionnels et stratégiques dans la participation de l'université fédérale de Minas Gerais à cette innovation." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR21004.
Full textIn the 70's, the colleges of health in Brazilian universities have developed various actions in the area of primary health care - in doing so, they got involved in the health system with the aim to contribute to the prestations of the population. At the same time, the training of medical and paramedical staff became more relevant. This collaboration rapidly turned out into terms of conflict or of solidarity opposing or uniting institutions and protagonists. These confrontations led to a marginalization of groups defending a social medicine while allowing the creation of a field for political struggles aiming to transform the health system. In this field, two trends appeared : firstly the strength of the contest of each institution, and secondly, the strategic stakes of the protagonists whose personal, professional or ideological interests played a fundamental role either directly or indirectly in contributing to make people with no means of support benefit from primary health care. This sphere of activity materialized through plans of comminatory actions in which the University of Minas Gerais had a long experience. A research on this university has shown that even if concepts in socio-medicine have remained peripheral in the institutional, they have nevertheless led to the creation of institutional networks composed of peripheral protagonists who, by defending these concepts, have set up a new power which helped to the field
Mauffré, Christian-Eric. "Influence de la qualité de la relation visiteur médical–médecin généraliste sur l’intention de prescrire un nouveau médicament." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENG012.
Full textThe quality of the relationship between the pharmaceutical sales representative and the physician, influence the prescribing physician loyalty to the pharmaceutical sales representative, the relationship quality also influences the physician to prescribe a new product. The decision to refer exclusively to the contents of the relationship with the concept of the relationship, is a novel approach in the field of prescription, it is validated by the results of the investigation. If the general practitioner, to prescribe, does not need items other than his personal experience of this drug, the influence of loyalty to the health visitor will have little importance. Conversely, for a new drug the doctor will base its intention to prescribe on the quality of the established relationship, but also on his loyalty to the pharmaceutical representative, Isolating the variable sensitivity to innovation, of the general practitioner, we can demonstrate its influence on his intention to prescribe a new drug. But innovation is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and also for the physician; it involves both knowledge and prescription of drugs. The information appears complex due to the multiplicity of sources and the doctor will base its decision to prescribe a new drug on personal characteristic, its own vision of the novelty, his own sensitivity to innovation. Our results show that in 2013 in France it is difficult to develop strategies to launch drug while ignoring the relational orientation of physicians. Our results highlight the influence of the quality of the relationship on the intention to prescribe. Our approach will not only allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of creation and development of the quality of the relationship between the pharmaceutical sales representative and the general practitioner, but also to measure this concept through its components (trust, satisfaction and commitment in the relationship). Similarly, sensitivity to innovation is an individual characteristic of the general practitioner, as marketers in targeting strategies physicians should consider before launch. Similarly, sensitivity to innovation is an individual characteristic of the general practitioner, as such; it must be taken in account when marketers are targeting strategies to them
Martelli, Nicolas. "Evaluation des dispositifs médicaux innovants dans les CHU en vue de leur acquisition : état des lieux et élaboration d’un outil d’aide à la décision." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114802/document.
Full textInnovative medical devices offer solutions to medical problems. However, medical devices arriving on the European market have generally little evidence about efficiency. To manage the uncertainty surrounding the introduction of innovative medical devices, hospitals and university hospitals have developed worldwide hospital-based health technology assessment (HTA) processes to guide the selection of expensive and innovative products. Nevertheless, little is known about hospital-based HTA activities in France. We demonstrated that French models of hospital-based HTA are comparable to those found elsewhere and presented sometimes a combination of several HTA models. We also underlined that a mini-HTA like model could easily be applied to French university hospitals. Mini-HTA has become widespread in many different forms across the world. We compared criteria of different mini-HTA forms to criteria used in French university hospitals and identified 26 relevant criteria to assess innovative medical devices. Finally, we developed and tested in real conditions a multiple-criteria decision tool derived from these 26 criteria
Boquet, Pierre. "La TéléMédecine : un outil d'aménagement au service de l'homme ? : La médecine face au temps et à l'espace." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040247.
Full textThe prefix tele means distance, medicine suggests intimacy, so nearby and confidential, and so Telemedicine looks contradictory. Medicine expands through time and space and must use the new technologies which have improved time savings and reduced the space distances. Referring to territories of various size and level, the paradoxical aspect of the present crisis shows a medicine, as efficient and contested at once, but with an incresing number of " medical cases " at court for conjuncture or structure reasons. It is only by adding to the medical practising rules, the new technologies so as to elaborate new rules for " a renewed medical act " so including the concept of security and equity, bound to the man humanity, which means liability and solidarity
Lellinger, Solène. "Innovation thérapeutique et accident médicamenteux : socio-genèse du scandale du benfluorex (Mediator®) et conditions de reconnaissance d'une pathologie émergente : les valvulopathies médicamenteuses." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG054/document.
Full textThe withdrawal of Mediator®, a drug sold by Laboratoires Servier between 1976 and 2009, occurred after specific pathologies of cardiac valves were identified: the drug induced valvular heart disease. Since then, the incident has been approached from the angle of health and medical scandal, regulation failure and the influence of an industrial company on decision makers (political figures or prescribers). A legal procedure to establish probable violations of criminal laws is under way. To understand the origins and consequences of the benfluorex affair - beyond the fields of legal and political jurisdiction - this thesis proposes an analysis of the process of non-recognition of a serious adverse side effect of a drug for over 30 years and, above all, the effects of this non-recognition on those directly concerned: the people having taken it. Using data from two separate surveys, one of Mediator® users and the other of French cardiologists, this study establishes six different theoretical and analytical "figures" of people exposed to the molecule at the center of the investigation
Zarzavadjian, Le Bian Alban. "Approches éthiques des prises de décision limites en chirurgie, dans le cadre de l'innovation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05D002/document.
Full textAims: Innovation in Surgery differs from Innovation in Medicine. We aimed to describe Ethics of Responsibility and its necessary tools in innovative process in surgery from surgeons’ standpoint. Material and Methods: Innovation in surgery is a common decision-making process except the lack of past history. Organ transplant is an ideal representation of innovation in surgery. Heart, Liver and Face transplants allow to explore all the fields in innovation in surgery. Based on this postulate, extrinsic (history, laws, society) and intrinsic factors (pure medical decision) of the decision-making process were analyzed. Considering extrinsic factors, a literature review has been performed. Considering intrinsic factors, several models of medical decision-making process were evaluated and one was chosen: the Forces Interaction Model. Using interviews with renowned transplant surgeons, extracted components of the decision were exploited. Results: History of the Surgery showed a clear dichotomy with Medicine. Laws regulating Innovation seemed to be secondary to the borderline (and innovative) practice. Seven interviews of professors and transplant surgeons were reported. Analysis showed the Forces Interaction Model as relevant in order to perform the study. Surgeons instinctively defined two different types of innovation: the innovation-breach and the innovation-development. Differently from oncological practice, innovation in surgery is a pure collective activity, based on the consensus, the scientific literature and sometime on non-rational beliefs. The successful innovative surgeon must present some traits, including resilience and integrity. Ethics of Responsibility requires assessing regulation and methodology in the field of innovation. Finally, innovation is seen differently depending on the generation of surgeons and is slowed down by French Laws. Discussion et Conclusions: The definitive facet of the Innovation in Surgery is ethically problematic, still, Innovation is essential. Thus, it needs to be improved and facilitated. On the one hand, the evaluation tool in Surgery, the Evidence-Based Surgery, must be viewed as an independent instrument considering differences with Medicine. On the other hand, an exemption from provisions of current law in innovation in Medicine seems necessary, aiming innovative steps prior standardization of a surgical procedure. Integration of Clinical Nurse Specialists should allow to strengthen Individual Ethics while Laws reinforce Public Health Ethics. The use of morbidity and mortality meeting in innovation, led by the University and opened to all disciplines, including Social and Human Sciences, dictates a retrospective auto-regulated evaluation of the innovation. This process, while maintaining high scientific standard, enables to introduce Social and Human Sciences in the innovative process
Eskandar, Fadi. "Informatique et Imagerie Médicale. Rôle de l’INRIA des années 1970 à nos jours. Exemple de l’équipe-projet EPIDAURE/ASCLEPIOS." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL143.
Full textToday, medical imaging is a major component of the medicine development: image analysis and its deployment are a central research area at INRIA (French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation), pioneer in this field, in France and abroad. However, it is difficult to evaluate this kind of fundamental research because of its long-term realization. Moreover, given that the research at INRIA is based on cooperation, its role may be underestimated for the benefit of its partners. The historical objective of this thesis is to show the importance of INRIA’s role in medical imaging analysis through the example of EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS, leading team in this field. This investigation is based on three methodological paradigms: a bibliographic search, a synthesis from the archives of INRIA-Rocquencourt (Ile-de-France) and ten semi-directed interviews, conducted by us, with INRIA researchers directly involved in Medical imaging the analysis. The results show that since the 90s of the 20th century, the EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS project-team has been the founder of this field in the world. Moreover, this team is the origin of a new digital revolution, through the design of the "Personalized Digital Patient", proposed by its director Nicholas AYACHE, whose central role in this line of research is reflected in the excellence of published results, the wealth and dynamism of established collaborations in the academic, medical and industrial fields. The support of INRIA’s management to the EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS project-team is an asset of its success on the international scene
Iordatii, Maia. "Modélisation et visualisation de l'innovation pharmaceutique." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_iordatii.pdf.
Full textMany pharmaceutical innovations are launched onto the market each year. The sources of drug information are numerous. The physician needs to be able to determine quickly and easily whether the new manufactured product is potentially useful for his practice. The main items of information that describe the nature and potential impact of the new drug must be identified, properly grouped and displayed. Our thesis aims: 1) to identify exhaustively the various sources of information available on the drug throughout its preclinical and clinical development, 2) to identify all the elements necessary for the physician to judge interest presented to him by a new pharmaceutical product, 3) to create and evaluate ergonomic presentation of these elements, developing a prototype to facilitate the consultation of the new drug information. We have positioned ourselves at the time of placing on the market of the drug. Basing on sources available at the time of the placing on the market in France, notably Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) and the reports of the Transparency Committee of the French Health Authority, we have built a conceptual model that regroups the main features of the new drug positioning it with respect to therapeutical arsenal. Then, we have created a software tool that generates automatically a homogeneous interface from the introduced data about the new drug. This tool must help the physician to compare a new drug at the time placing it on the market with those already prescribed for the same indication. The use of this software tool should allow him to get a quick opinion on a new product and to decide if it is an innovation that should be taken into account in his practice. This tool could be used by the national and international drug regulation agencies, editors of drug databases and medical software to facilitate the work of the physician in the watch (monitoring) process. Pharmaceutical companies could use our model to show objectively their new drugs
Jego, Maéva. "Améliorer la santé des personnes sans chez-soi : vers quelles innovations organisationnelles en soins primaires ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0211/document.
Full textAim: to identify new forms of organization and adaptations to develop in primary care to improve the care of Homeless People (HP).Method: research by mixed methods. In the first phase we explored the views of general practitioners (GPs) about how they can provide care to HP. In the second phase we led a literature review, to describe the main characteristics of the primary care programs that take care of homeless people, and to identify which could be most relevant. In the third phase, we explored the experience and views of HP about primary care.Results: GPs expressed the need to develop medical and psychosocial approach with closer relation with social workers. In the litterature, almost all homelessness programs developed a multidisciplinary approach and / or offered co-located mental health, physical health and social services. Some characteristics were associated with significant positive outcomes: tailored primary care organizations, clinic orientation, multidisciplinary team-based models which included primary care physicians and clinic nurses, integration of social support, and engagement in the community’s health. The interviews with HP showed central relational expectations of HP for their general practitioner. More than a medical response, they expected to be listened to, considered and understood.Conclusion: Primary care programs that wish to better care for HP should develop a multidisciplinary, medico-psycho-social approach. The patient-centered approach appears warranted to improve the care experience of these patients
Monsia, Benessi Th. "La consommation de petits matériels à usage unique et stérile en milieu hospitalier." Lyon 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO33014.
Full textEconomical and technical mutations set numberless problems to hospitals as regards their management and financing. For half a century, the increase in the cost of sanitation has been steadily progressing within the oecd, under a three fold pressing necessity: - the setting up of medical and medico-technical innovations, - working conditions improvement and better incomes for an ever higher skilled staff, - a growing demand for medical care and safety and quality requirements. Formerly the ultimate chance for the underprivileged, hospitals now tend to become, thanks to ever more impressive technical availabilities, the last resort to complex technics and specialised teams for the most affected patients. These changes and achievements have not held back hospital contagia, even if existing medical and pharmaceutic availabilities have greatly facilitated diagnosing formerly incurable diseases hospital and nosocomial infections are a constant worry in hospital headquaters: - medical practitioners are aware of newborn risks for frail people being admitted to a hospital, - administration managers ponder on the economic issue. This sanitation concern has led to an increasing consumption of sterelised disposable minor equipment in every hospital department. This increase is also correlative to the commercial policy of private companies, against which hospitals can hardly defend themselves. With these requirements, hospital policy now drives at a better management of this disposable minor equipment, at a more rigorous budgetary control and at the development of lighter replacement structures. Likewise, the difficulty in obtaining a decrease in the costs of personnel expenses, induces hospital managers to shift their efforts to master hospital production costs, and to a somehow uniform purchasing of disposable equipment within the framework of what the whole budget allows for. Therefore, a slackening in regulations seems to be necessary to give hospital administration more self-government in a widely changing environment
Laloy-Borgna, Gabrielle. "Micro-élastographie : caractérisation mécanique de la cellule par ondes élastiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10058.
Full textDyanmic elastography is an imaging method to measure the elasticity of biological tissues in a non-invasive and quantitative way. Recently, the transposition of the technique to a small scale has been called dynamic micro-elastography and has allowed the first measurements of cellular elasticity by shear waves using an optical microscope. This thesis aims to undetstand the limits of this technique and to develop new micro-elastography methods, to test new wave sources but also potential applications of the technique. In a first step, the dispersion of shear waves was studied on gelatin phantoms. Two distinct regimes of guided elastic waves and shear waves were identified. The high-frequency limit of wave propagation was also explored, establishing the existence of a cutoff frequency which explains the absence of ultrasonic shear imaging. The same approach was then applied to visco-elastic fluids, revealing two cutoff frequencies and revisiting previous studies on rheology and wave propagation in this type of medium. Then, the initial objective being to carry out micro-elastography on single cells and the experiments previously carried out with micro-pipettes presenting certain defects, an original method of cellular micro-elastography was developed. An oscillating microbubble is used as a contactless shear wave source at 15 kHz to perform experiments on blood cells whose diameter is about 15 µm. These are the smallest objects ever explored by elastography. Larger objects, cell clusters of a few tens of thousands of cells have also been studied. Indeed, since ultrasound elastography of these tumour models of about 800 µm in diameter is impossible, optical micro-elastography is a suitable technique. These samples contain magnetic nanoparticles, so a magnetic pulse could be used as a wave source. Previously, proofs of concept on both macroscopic (in ultrasonic elastography) and microscopic (in optical micro-elastography) phantoms were conducted to validate the use of this diffuse field source. Finally, pulse wave measurements were performed on retinal arteries of about 50 µm in diameter using laser Doppler holography acquisitions performed in vivo. The application of monochromatic correlation algorithms allowed the measurement of guided wave velocities, finally revealing the existence of a second pulse wave, an antisymmetric bending wave. This guided wave, much slower than the axisymmetric pulse wave studied so far, was also observed on the carotid artery thanks to ultrafast ultrasound acquisitions
Hory, Bernard. "De la technomédecine : la fin de vie de l'homme artificiel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2009.
Full textTechnic and technology, derived from modern science according to Heidegger, frames the phusis. In a first part, we discover the accuracy of framing in contemporary medical technopraxis: organ and tissue harvesting, creation of bio-banks storing all kinds of tissues, cells and gene sequences. In a second part, guided by the interrelations between medicine and politics conceptualized in biopower by Foucault, we analyze the relationship between powers and technomedicine. Posing the hypothesis of the existence of a plurality of powers exercising on living, rather than that of a single Foucaldian biopower, we describe four individualized bio-technopowers, whose game is organized within the framework of the sanitary democracy in Habermassian public spaces : the governmental biopower, the biopower of the doctors, the economic biopower of the pharmaceutical industry and of the new technologies and finally the biopower of the patients. The works of Jürgen Habermas and Hans Jonas lead us to propose the foundations of a political ethic of technomedicine
Deruelle, Tristan. "Magnetic Resonance Elastography : towards prostate cancer imaging and slow compression wave imaging in softtissues." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYSE1068.
Full textProstate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in men worldwide. It is suspected when the PSA density is high or/and the superficial prostate feels hard during digital rectal examination. Multiparametric MRI is now recommended prior biopsy when detecting for cancer. However, image interpretation is challenging, even for specialists, and brings many false-positive. Elastography is a technique to assess tissue stiffness by inducing small vibrations. It could provide a 3D map of the stiffness of the prostate. We believe that MR elastography could complement the current multiparametric MRI. Given prostate location and consitution, wave propagation is difficult though. The current work presents the design of a non-invasive wave generation device for the prostate. Then, a new field separation algorithm is presented. This algorithm provides a better estimation of the stiffness, and the correction of artefact generated by common vibrators. Finally, this algorithm can have applications in porous media. Indeed, in poro-elastic materials, a slow compression wave propagates. We observe such a wave in an agar gel, in a foam phantom, and in vivo in human kidney graft. In addition to the classic shear wave velocity estimation, it is now possible to estimate the compression wave velocity. This is an additional piece of information that the operator can use in its diagnostic. In the future, more porous parameters could be derived
Hoareau, Charlène. "Le Réseau Créatif de Pratiques pour soutenir et diffuser des pratiques innovantes : structurer et animer une innovation organisationnelle : le cas du champ de la santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0008.
Full textOur research questions the diffusion of innovative practices in a pluri-institutionalized and pluralistic health field. Our theoretical framework addresses the diffusion of innovative practices between different places of activity supported by an organizational innovation: the Practice Creative Network (PCN). The PCN is based on two concepts: the "network of practice" potentially favorable to the diffusion of practices and the "creative collectives" to ensure its management in the face of two tensions (exploitation versus exploration and generalization versus contextualization). Our methodological approach is based on two longitudinal case studies: a Regional Health Agency (RHA) and a National Collective of MAIA pilots (MAIA Collective). The qualitative methodology is based on semi-directive interviews, observations and secondary data. Our two case studies show how a PCN emerges and self-organizes with regard to two characteristics: its structuring and its management. These two cases show an unstable situation of creative collectives oriented by the policy of an Upperground (RHA) or the expertise of an Underground (MAIA Collective). However, this imbalance tends to be reduced thanks to recent efforts to raise visibility and justification. This model of analysis leads us to make a critical reading of the organizational and managerial mix of the PCNs studied and discuss the three corrective mechanisms (a complementary embeddedness of justification, a dual structure, a dual actorhood) that are necessary to compensate for their strong roots in one of the other two layers (Upperground or Underground)
Tine, Marius André. "Utilisations et non-utilisation des TIC en santé : le cas des réseaux de soins en cancérologie : aspects techniques, organisationnels, sociopolitiques et dimension communicationnelle." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131034.
Full textThis research was focused on the use and the non-use of ICT in the cancer care networks in France. To understand these two categories, it’s at first necessary to take into account the circuits and communication processes genealogy. Previous technologies and communication processes are used to evaluate and estimate the networks’ technical offer. The new technologies do not create new exchange circuits. They are only used reinforce the ones already at work. The apprehension of these two categories then requires the analysis of the socio-political and professional aspects of the reforms. The non-use of ICT in cancer care networks can also be explained by a form of social critique produce by the professionals when it comes to developing a new policy. For health professionals the network’s technical offer can be seen as a tool to redefine power centres, in competition context between healthcare institutions and medical specialties. ICT are also used as a monitorin and tracing system by the politics. It is impossible to study the use and the non-use of ICT in the health ca sector without taking into account the incompatibility between medical logic behind doctors’ work and the administrative rationality that outlines the reform. This incompatibility explains why the ICT is not used in man occasions. Finally, note that the research comes to the conclusion that there is a necessity to recognize this category of non-use
Habis, Antoine Aurélien. "Developing interactive artificial intelligence tools to assist pathologists with histology annotation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT022.
Full textHistopathology on Whole Slide Images (WSI) represents a very valuable field of medicine since the study of biopsies with microscopes can reveal several diseases that are sometimes difficult or impossible to diagnose with the naked eye or other imaging techniques. With the advent of deep learning, which requires a large number of annotated images to be effective, the need to obtain quickly high-quality annotations became clear. The purpose of this thesis is to develop artificial intelligence algorithms for fast interactive annotations and corrections to facilitate user supervision in histopathology image segmentation. This thesis presents our contributions using three different interaction strategies and underlying deep-learning mathematical formalisms. Together, our contributions cover a wide range of use cases:(1) The first tool is completely supervised and tackles the task of correcting nuclei segmentation. Nuclei are biological structures that can be observed distinctly at ×40 magnification and which are essential for several diagnosis tasks. In fact, markers such as the density of nuclei or the ratio between the area of the nucleusand that of the cytoplasm are indicative of certain conditions. The proposed tool proposes a Click and Refine pipeline, exploiting novel metrics on patch similarities and novel architecture training designs to refine four types of segmentation errors, specific to nuclei.(2) The second tool consists of a weakly supervised segmentation method tested on tumoral regions in lymph node metastatic breast cancer. These tumoral regions are biological structures clearly visible at low magnification(×5 or × 10). The first part of our algorithm provides an initial coarse segmentation of the entire WSI based on scribbles, which can then be corrected using fast interactive and non-local segmentation correction inputs.(3) Finally, the third tool proposes a completely unsupervised segmentation tool and a one-shot variant to segment complex heterogeneous biological structures on whole WSIs. The One-Shot learning version is evaluated on a dataset of kidney-dilated tubules. Dilated tubules are medium-sized biological structures that can be observed at an average magnification of ×10-20. They are indicative of some diseases such as urinary tract obstruction. The underlying proposed Deep ContourFlow method translates concepts of active contours into differentiable loss functions exploited in deep-learning architectures
El, Ansari Loridan Nazha. "Décider en situation d’urgence nocturne en EHPAD (Etablissement d'Hébergement pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes) : Étude d’une innovation expérimentale d’infirmier.es de nuit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA024.
Full textThis thesis studies how night-shift nurses decide whether or not to resort to the hospital to deal with geriatric emergency cases in a nursing home. Clinical reasoning and decision-making among nurses are rarely documented. The “IDE de nuit” experimentation of Paerpa's projects offered the opportunity to study them through the prism of age and uncertainty in the context of an emergency. It also made it possible to study the organizational test that such an innovation constitutes. Through an interactionist and socio-cognitive approach and based on an ethnographic investigation lasting three years, we captured in situ nurses' reasoning and judgment while dealing with emergency cases in an experimental context. This research sheds light on several aspects: how care is mobilized in the service of the cure; how the emergency constitutes a social construction, which is influenced by the role played by the elderly patient and his caregivers; how the skills that drive innovation are developed and conditioned by the irreversibility of the actions and their results; how and when an organizational innovation begins and ends in an experimental context; finally, how all these elements contribute to defining the moral economy that has been made up and created around elderly people living in EHPADs, targets of this innovation.Keywords: geriatric emergency, decision-making, organizational innovation, IDE de nuit, experimentation, paerpa, le 15, SAMU, hospital, nursing assistants, EHPAD
Brusq, Julie. "Innovation et communication organisationnelle dans le secteur associatif professionnel : exemples de démarches qualité dans les secteurs médico-social et psychiatrique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20024.
Full textThe highly sensitive domain of services delivery to persons is mostly under the command of powerful NGO’s managing institutions and professional services with high efficiency. Meanwhile, the state which is the main financial source of these institutions has initiated through regulations a movement of organizational modernization which leads to extremely controversial changes in interventions, in representations, in strategies of collective actions, among trades and professions as well as in organizational structures. This development, present in the regulation of April 24, 1996, for the health domain, and the law of January 2nd, 2002, for the medico-social domain, implies that the professional domain be able to formulate innovative solutions, especially with regard to the evaluation of professional actions, and to the on-going improvement of the quality of services. In a context of a global crisis concerning the ways of managing resources, organizational innovations are conceived according to an approach centering on work autonomy and follow-up. Problems of communication and organization overhaul, of professional discourses and stylistics, and other mini-cultural issues are analyzed through a method of participant-observation in order to understand professional mutations taking place since the law of January 2nd, 2002, and of the regulation of April 24th, 1996
Rémondet, Martin. "Le laboratoire de thérapie génique à l'épreuve de la clinique : sociologie d'une expérimentation biomédicale." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001230.
Full textGiusti, Igor. "Changer d’angle de vue pour concevoir autrement l’action publique ? Le cas des déserts médicaux au prisme des parcours de soins." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM054.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the concept of medical desert. Despite widespread use of the word by the media and political representatives, identifying medical deserts is far from easy for public authorities. Spotting inequalities in access to health services requires to identify users’ needs wherever they live. However, health needs are individualized. Besides, an individual does not fully know his needs. We must therefore understand how public authorities themselves appreciate this object and how they design actions accordingly to regulate care access. This is our purpose in this dissertation. We led an action research with the Regional Health Agency of Corsica in order to analyze how public actions are designed to regulate care access inequalities. We show in particular how the care pathway approach can highlight the diversity of inequalities in a medical desert thanks to a more global modeling of health needs. Fighting medical deserts is no longer limited to guaranteeing the presence of health professionals locally. It also relies on ensuring equality between citizens in the continuity of their care pathway. Yet, territories and individuals specificities suggest a strong heterogeneity between these pathways, which is difficult to manage at a national level. We then evaluate feasibility of a bottom-up innovative public action to reduce inequalities in care access. Through a slow, fragile and complex process, local actions can still address territorial specificities without ignoring a national regulatory and institutional framework. However, multiplying these proximity experiments requires new national-level criteria to select and rank projects. Hence, we recommend methods often used to manage the exploration of the unknown
Noury, Mathieu. "La nanosanté : perspective et enjeux sociologiques de l’application des nanotechnologies à la médecine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100093/document.
Full textNanomedicine – the application of nanotechnology to medicine – is seen as the medicine of the future. Thus, nanomedicine is not just a new biomedical field. It carries a new biomedical paradigm promoting a technoscientific conception of healthcare. This new paradigm grows from and brings together the three current tendencies of healthcare research: predictive medicine, personalized medicine and regenerative medicine. Its focus is on the technical control of the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological development of the body. The growing of this new biomedical paradigm is largely the result of government supports and economic potentials. It is both a scientific and a politico-economic construction. In that sense, analysing nanomedicine means analysing the form and the conditions of the current biomedical progress. In other words, nanomedicine helps us to grasp and understand the issues and implications of the ‘‘technoscientifization’’ of healthcare. This thesis aims to highlight the socio-cultural nature of the technoscientific model of healthcare promoted by the nanomedicine. To do so, I propose the construction of an ideal-type of this technoscientific model, which I call nanohealth. If nanomedicine refers to the different technological applications of nanotechnology to medicine, nanohealth refers to the different sociological dimensions and impacts of these applications on health and society. The nanohealth ideal-type is constructed around three dimensions: transversality, enhancement and globalization. The synthetic nature of this tridimensional ideal-type helps us to tackle the crucial issues surrounding the development of the nanomedicine. It helps us to understand the meaning and impacts of the scientific, political and economic engagement in nanomedicine; to highlight the centrality of technoscience in the cultural conception of medical and social progress; to grasp the new forms of power upon life and identity, and the new forms of inequality and exploitation, which are characteristics of a society focusing on the technical adaptability of human being and the economization of health and body
Geneves, Victor. "Normativités et usages judiciaires des technologies : l’exemple controversé de la neuroimagerie en France et au Canada." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN011.
Full textNeuroimaging allows the observation of the nervous system, of both its metabolism and some of its structures. An important literature in “neurolaw” conveys illusions and fantaisies about the judicial possibilities that imaging technologies would contain.Whether it is about lies detection, cerebral identifications of dangerous individuals through their neurobiology or predictions of criminal behaviors, neuroimaging, in the current state of technologies, can not be seriously conceived as being able to offer such applications.Judicial uses of neuroimaging through expertise are a reality nonetheless, in Canadian courts as in French law.This thesis emphasizes that the conceptions of imaging technologies integrated in the two legal systems studied are incomplete, which creates an important amount of risks. It discusses the conditions for the use of an extra-legal normativity, the international technical standardization, which could be elaborated in this particular and controversial context, and outlines several features of an increased dialogue between legal and technological norms
Al, Hachem Catherine. "Les nouveaux challenges RH dans le développement organisationnel de la e-santé : Analyse de l’alignement stratégique du parcours patient par la pratique de l’apprenance dans deux établissements de santé." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3053.
Full textThe restructuring of complex organizations, such as those of health facilities, is strongly influenced by recent economic, technological and regulatory changes. To understand the impact of these restructuring movements, one must analyze the changes affecting the various hierarchical levels of the healthcare organization. Under the French socio-economic context, healthcare institutions are currently undergoing multiple strategic and operational transformations, which requires professionals to adapt their skills and capabilities accordingly. In fact, the impact of medical, technical and digital innovations is driving the concerned structures to emphasize value in their adaptations. For a successful implementation, it is necessary that concerned parties intervene. These latters are then encouraged to focus on updating the organization's strategy, improving human resources development and adjusting necessary patterns and processes. Therefore, this research relies on analyzing organizational performance from a strategic alignment perspective. We aim to examine the managerial expectations of a study sample of managers, professionals, and staff in a French hospital which are undergoing full reconstruction. The results of this qualitative study show the difficulty of managers to implement a successful patient pathway process. It also shows that technological transformations can be used to ensure a very high organizational performance allowing people to take advantage of various intelligent services
Danan, Jeanne-Laure. "Santé, éthique et développement durable : place de la recherche en sciences infirmières." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0125.
Full textHealth systems in France and in the world are in tension. The determinants of those pressures are linked to demography, economy and care organization Chronic non-infectious diseases are on the rising. Allergic disease alone respect 25% of individuals in France (15 million people). In Europe, 100 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis and 70 million suffer from asthma. By 2020, it is 40% of the world population will be suffering from an allergic disease. The declaration of RIO, founding text of sustainable development, puts health as a major concern. It is necessary to think of new management models, new training and distribution of different skills from new business perimeters for health caregivers. The primary objective of this research is to identify: innovative models of health in a systematic multidisciplinary vision and ethics of care. .the Secondary objective is to define the concept of innovative practices in health in the French health system, clarify the regulatory framework for innovative practices, identify training needs, qualification of new businesses and new tools and finally review the adequacy of generational training for health science students. The method used is a review of the literature on sustainable development, environmental medicine, training of health professionals. The confrontation with the regulatory framework of practice nurse at the nursing of advanced nursing practices is made. The study design is the allergy disease. An online survey assessed the level of skills, training and policy of nurses in Europe. This study was conducted in collaboration with the European department of Haute Ecole de Namur, the University of Nottingham, and High School of Health of Freiburg, University of Porto, and School of Advanced Studies in Public Health in Rennes. This survey identifies five high levels of expertise that are 5 skills training according to Dublin descriptors for advanced practice nurses. A master level training program for APRN in allergy practice is developed Finally four steps of innovation were identified: management, ownership, widespread practice and absorption by the system.The results highlight that innovation is a deliberate process requiring practice by introducing new pedagogical, organizational and e-Health .Changing nurse’s diagnosis decision and support tools are highlighted. The nursing diagnosis on individual adaptation to environment is also considered. Eventually, two main recommendations are presented, firstly to develop training program according to the new French law in France, and secondly to considered the social determinants of the students in health science to make those training