Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innovation – Participation des citoyens'
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D'Orazio, Anne. "S’associer pour habiter et faire la ville : de l’habitat groupé autogéré à l’habitat participatif en France (1977 – 2015) : exploration d’un monde en construction." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100062/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the capacity of citizens to collectively promote “alternatives” in terms of living and housing environments in France. Grounded in a broad critique of conventional modes of production, the study suggests ways of transcending these modes through social processes such as sharing and solidarity. Although many such experiments have occurred outside of France, they are linked to ongoing twentieth century ideological and operational debates about resident participation in the construction of their own housing. By closely examining a series of initiatives in the early 2000s, the present study analyzes how they were organized and structured and how they generated public action. Under the auspices of housing associations and political and institutional organizations, these mobilizations have collectively supported the construction of a World of “participative housing.” In order understand this contemporary movement in an historical perspective, the study has also investigated the legacy of self-managed housing projects in France in the late 1970s. This diachronic approach helps to critically appraise relationships between earlier initiatives and more recent examples in the early 2000s. The study demonstrates how activists organized themselves; it analyses the strategies they used to ensure their demands would be heard. It highlights the mechanisms through which this public issue was created and describes its reception by a range of institutional actors. This thesis contributes to an analysis of the transformation of public action. It questions the capacities to co-construct and to drive a dialogue between activist initiatives and institutional actors
Lenne, Lydie. "Humanicité, de l’utopie à l’hétérotopie. Recherche en Information-Communication accompagnant un projet d’innovation urbaine." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30021/document.
Full textHumanicité is a new neighborhood, born on the initiative of the Catholic University of Lille which wanted, through this urban project, to expand and diversify its health and medico-social activities. It is about creating a place full of diversity where all the members of society are present, including people with disabilities. This utopian project is also about co-creating, with all the stakeholders involved, innovations developed in response to issues related to this new living space. To guide the emergence of this process and also to organize the participation of the inhabitants and users, the whole neighbourhood houses a Living Lab. This utopia, a projected form of another society which would be better and fairer, pursues the objective of being translated into reality. Following authors like Ricœur, we assume that utopia is fundamentally achievable and that doing so embarks on a process of translation, mobilizes objects, and spreads by the growing of interactions until it confronts the reality of becoming material. When it becomes real, this utopia creates a heterotopia - a space of otherness - which reveals the appropriations and perceptions of space. In this study the objective is to understand the process by which an urban innovation project becomes that of its inhabitants and stakeholders who have and will have to live in it
Naudon, Frederic. "Analyses sociologique et expérimentale de la contribution de profanes-néophytes à la démocratie technique : le déploiement d’une filière hydrogène-énergie en Normandie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMC038.
Full textIs a person with no particular knowledge in a field – i.e. a layperson-neophyte – able to help a specialist in that field to produce new knowledge? This question originates from the intersection of two disciplinary fields: the study of the effects of scientific popularization on researchers who popularize their own subject of study and research on technical democracy devices such as citizen conferences. Many obvious traces of relevance from the general public and "ordinary" citizens, mainly in the form of testimonials, suggest that encounters with laypersons-neophytes can be an original cognitive resource. To explore this question, we study the relationship between field specialist(s) and non-specialists of the same field.The first research method is a qualitative survey of the actors involved in the deployment of a hydrogen-energy sector in Normandy (direct observations, interviews and analysis of key documents). The second method is based on experimental devices aiming at confirming or disproving the idea that laypersons-neophytes can be actors of reflection alongside specialists, in two contexts renowned for their complexity: scientific research (laboratory meetings integrating laypersons-neophytes) and the implementation of a new technology in a territory (interdisciplinary meetings about the project of an electric hydrogen training-boat in a professional fishing school). This work shows that a layperson-neophyte possesses a capacity to think clear of specific brakes linked to the knowledge of the subject. It shows also that the layperson is able to give the specialist more mobility in relation to his subject. The limiting factor is on the side of the specialist’s responsibility: his approach, particularly with humility and openness to others, plays a determining role
Dupuis, Nicolas. "L'acceptabilité sociale de l'hydrogène et son processus de co-construction, un enjeu pour la transition énergétique dans les territoires." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0537.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to define and study the hydrogen social acceptability process, as well as the challenges of the energy transition in territories. Two fields of study with a hydrogen mobility demonstration project were selected : Navibus H2 (Nantes), and HyWay (Lyon). For comparison, this thesis includes the results of a study completed upstream, on a third field, GRHYD (Dunkirk). Hydrogen is relatively unheralded by the general public, therefore the methodology for studying was built using various theoretical concepts. The survey was conducted by questionnaire and interviews. In Nantes, it was conducted upstream the demonstration, with users of a river shuttle, the actors of the district served by this shuttle and the project directors. In Lyon, it was conducted while the demonstration, with drivers of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and members of the metropolitan organisation. Statistical and textual analyses provided comparisons between the results, as well as one with those of the preliminary survey conducted in Dunkirk. Dealing with perceptions, representations, expectations and attitudes related to hydrogen, makes possible to study how they are shared between groups. It finally leads to think about how to consider a social acceptability study related to demonstration projects, as well as its advantages to engage an energy transition in territories
Sadeghi, Mehrdad. "Le journalisme citoyen à l'ère numérique : enjeux de la pratique journalistique de non-professionnels en ligne : étude de cas : les médias citoyens en persan." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30065.
Full textThis academic research focuses on the emergence of contemporary practices in the treatment of online news recently brought within the reach of non-professionals through the development of information and communication technologies, and grouped under the concept of citizen journalism. Two different but complementary approaches constitute the essential basis of this research study: The first approach is to examine the nature and identity of the profession of journalism, its weight and its limits, and its evolution after the emergence of the Web, as well as the arrival of new media technology and its confrontation with information and communication technologies. It also attempts to understand and analyze the essence, characteristics, dimensions and challenges of the uses of amateur journalism brought to the attention of everyone via digital technology. The second approach consists of a case study of citizen media in Persian. It includes several researches and analyses, such as: The sphere of journalism and the media environment in Iran; the way in which Internet is used and the rate of trust of internet-users vis-à-vis the source of online information from citizens; the manner in which Iranian professional journalism receives citizen journalism and ordinary people’s involvement in the current affairs; the priorities of the creators of citizen media, and their own methods of collecting, processing and publishing online information. This thesis also takes into account the limitations, restrictions and identified issues of this new journalism practice in relation to its practitioners
Lacroix, Jonathan. "L’approche Urban Living Lab pour insuffler l’innovation en urbanisme ? Contribution à la conception d’une ingénierie de pilotage de l’innovation urbaine : application à l’Opération d’Intérêt National d’Alzette Belval." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0185.
Full textThe urban development project is confronted with increasingly complex territorial and urban problems. How then can we enrich or even renew practices by experimenting with new configurations of actors, methods and tools? Solutions will be sought here in the field of urban innovation, which covers a wide range of initiatives, including method innovation in urban planning. In this theoretical and operational context calling for experimentation, the research approach followed aims to link the potential offered by certain innovative practices with the needs of urban planning. The Urban Living Lab project mode makes it possible to manage a multi-stakeholder and collaborative space and innovation process. The conduct of research and intervention in the context of the Alzette Belval National Interest Operation experimented with the integration of an Urban Living Lab approach into the governance, management and operational processes of an urban development project. This research work leads to the identification of the potential of the Urban Living Lab in terms of dialogue between the processes of project management of an urban development project and an innovation process producing actionable knowledge. Experience shows the ability of the Urban Living Lab approach to renegotiate the governance boundaries of the urban development project and to ensure that it is anchored in territorial governance
El, Heit Sonia. "Méthodologie de veille-prospective concertative appliquée aux déchets industriels banals : quelle place pour la demande sociale? : une application aux véhicules hors d'usage." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS006S.
Full textNon hazardous industrial wastes are a difficult reality to manage : they disturb. In order to manage these difficulties, (horizontal and vertical) environmental regulations have gradually been created. The problem is that the actual situation of “waste” regulation cannot be strictly applied. The increasing number of legal rules favoured creation of a nexus which is difficult to understand. Solutions in waste treatment already exist and can offer numerous opportunities of management. Unfortunately, deep disagreements appear between actors, each trying to minimise the cost of treatment, putting the blame on the other. This situation is the consequence of a weakness in the waste definition: according to the considered approach, the definition seems to favour such actor or such factor. Finally, the recurrent element to theses disagreements lies on the conception of waste. In appearance, these definitions have nothing to share. Nevertheless, a deep analysis shows the need for a common denominator: this is the social demand. The former has reached to shape each approach of waste(historic, economic, environmental and legal)
Tomé, Hernández Griselda. "Quelles innovations sociales pour une gestion participative et intégrée de l'eau du Rio Salado, Puebla (Mexique) ? Analyse de la gestion intégrée de l'eau d'un sous-bassin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36439.
Full textIn view of the serious water crisis currently facing the humanity, the study of water management and governance is becoming increasingly necessary. In this sense, this research focuses on identifying and analyzing the water management models implemented in the sub-basin of the Salado River; as well as its governance system, in order to propose a management model that highlights the main factors that facilitate citizen participation and the strengthening of governance structures in the territory. To delimit, analyze and interpret the reality studied, we rely on the Integrated Water Resources Management approach (IWRM) and the concepts of water governance and water soft path. With the help of mixed research methods, the results show that in the territory there are two models of water management: public and social. The first is the responsibility of CONAGUA and the second of agricultural and urban public users. Although the governance system of the public water management model presents some of the analytical dimensions of water governance, it does not cover the water needs of the different sectoral users and does not offer an effective opportunity for citizen participation in decisionmaking at the subregional and local scales. On the contrary, the social water management model shows innovative governance system, based on bidirectional participatory (top down and bottom up) and inclusive processes that allows local stakeholders to manage water efficiently, inclusively and equitably. All of which leads us to affirm that this innovative way of managing water can help to improve the operability of the governance system of the public water management model applied in the territory.
Ante la grave crisis del agua que enfrenta actualmente la humanidad, el estudio de la gestión y gobernanza del agua se torna cada vez más necesario. En ese sentido, la presente investigación se centra en identificar y analizar los modelos de gestión del agua implementados en la subcuenca Río Salado; así como sus sistemas de gobernanza con el fin de proponer un modelo de gestión que resalte los principales factores que facilitan la participación ciudadana y el fortalecimiento de las estructuras de gobernanza en el territorio. Para delimitar, analizar e interpretar la realidad estudiada nos apoyamos en el enfoque de Gestión Integrada de los Recursos Hídricos de Cuencas Hidrográficas (GIRH) y en los conceptos de gobernanza del agua y Water Soft Path. Con la ayuda de métodos mixtos de investigación, los resultados muestran que en el territorio existen dos modelos de gestión del agua: pública y social. El primero está a cargo de la Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA) y el segundo de los usuarios agrícolas y urbanos. A pesar de que el sistema de gobernanza del modelo de gestión pública del agua presenta algunas de las dimensiones analíticas de la gobernanza del agua, éste no cubre las necesidades de agua de los diferentes usuarios sectoriales, y tampoco ofrece una oportunidad efectiva para la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones tanto a la escala subregional como local. Por el contrario, el modelo de gestión social del agua muestra un sistema de gobernanza innovador, sustentado en procesos participativos bidireccionales (« top down » y « bottom up ») e incluyentes que permite a los actores locales gestionar el agua de manera eficiente, incluyente y equitativa. Todo esto nos lleva a afirmar que esta innovadora forma de gestionar el agua puede ayudar a mejorar la operatividad del sistema de gobernanza del modelo de gestión pública del agua aplicado en el territorio. Palabras clave: Gobernanza del agua, gestión del agua, gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos, cuenca hidrográfica, sistema de gobernanza del agua, participación y subcuenca Río Salado.
Nzoko, Mewawou Someu Anselme. "L'Université des Montagnes : une alternative citoyenne face à la crise de l'enseignement supérieur au Cameroun : (1990-2015)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG004.
Full textThis sociological study offers a comprehensive study of the Université des Montagnes, a civil society initiative in response to the crisis in higher education in Cameroon in the 1990’s. A field study undertaken within the institution, using a participatory approach, enabled us to collect quantitative and qualitative data which was used to produce a grounded theory (Glaser and A. Strauss) approach that highlights the specific features of this alternative institution which is unique in Cameroon. The first break shown by our analysis is that the Université des Montagnes was entirely conceived, imagined, and established by a group of citizens determined to relieve the State of its monopoly on the development of higher education in Cameroon. To accomplish this, the founders, through a method that was reflective and critical in relation to the existing model, developed an innovative philosophy of education and pedagogy that reconciles the applied and professional sciences, and pedagogy founded on African culture. In short, our study shows the emergence of a general, professional, and people’s university. The project seeks to furnish a systematic and adaptive synthesis of reference university models that have structured higher education across the world. Notwithstanding the difficulties involved in collective adoption of the project, after fifteen years of existence, this people’s experiment appears to have been an analyser and catalyst for social innovation, considering its impact in the area of higher education in Cameroon
Bourdier, Laure. "Socio-anthropologie des énergies marines renouvelables en Basse-Normandie : gouverner (par) l'alternative." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC029.
Full textFollowing the European Union climate and energy package and le Grenelle de l’Environment, the French State launched, from 2011, a series of calls for tender and for expressions of interest for the construction of infrastructures of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE). The planned infrastructures are located along the French coast, particularly in Lower Normandy, a region characterized by the production of civilian and military nuclear power. Stakeholders in the development of MREs anticipated problems of "social acceptability". This thesis, based on a study of the actors who participated in the development of MREs in Basse-Normandie and of the acceptability mechanisms they have put in place, focuses on maintaining a centralized energy system based on nuclear energy, that has integrated the renewable alternative. Based on a combination of survey techniques (direct observation, interviews, questionnaires, collection of documentary productions, regulatory texts and biographical documents) analysed mainly through qualitative methods, this thesis reveals that the maintaining of the energy system operates through the government of critique. Local actors, including those who oppose the project, are mobilized by companies, the state, regional public authorities, and scientists through mechanisms aiming to build social acceptance. Thus acceptability, as an instrument of governing, does not mean a transformation of technical projects towards a better integration of social dimensions, but rather a translation of social questions into technical terms
Pinheiro-Croisel, Rebecca. "Innovation et éco-conception à l'échelle urbaine : émergence et modèles de pilotage pour un aménagement durable." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823446.
Full textIceri, Vanessa. "Actions collectives alimentaires en territoires ruraux : un regard sur la diversité, une quête pour le développement territorial : regard croisé entre Brésil et France." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAL022.
Full textFollowing the spontaneous and widespread rise of food collective actions (community supported agriculture (CSA), cooperative supermarkets, fight against waste, ...) a deep change has been happening within territories. This thesis/dissertation falls within this new tendency and explores how the food collective actions, especially the one initiated by farmers in rural areas, participate in territorial development. Coordination between actors and its interaction with space constitute the main sources of investigation. This research benefits from two case studies operated in a crossed way. The first one relates to a farm shop located in Ambert (France) whereas the second consists in a development project from a traditional community in Sao Mateus do Sul (Brésil). On these fields, I implemented interviews that gave birth to data for a three-dimensions analysis: social, space an time. The social matter has mainly been discussed through the assessment of coordination between individual/collective and the common acting together. The space horizon has been examined through the lens of physical objects which illustrate material/ideational/organizational of the territory. Lastly, the time dimension stems from analyzing individual and collective trajectoriesand from the dialectic relationship between anchoring / territorial opening, innovation / tradition gathering past, present and future together. Eventually, the crossed study from the two fields disclosed plenty of interactions between space, time and society, linked by circularity. The dissertation results in original tools and frameworks that raise the profile of these interactions and opens the door to discussions regarding the role of food collective actions in territory development
Chevilley-Hiver, Carole. "La participation directe des citoyens aux decisions locales." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA0003.
Full textSince the end of the last century, the local referendum sustain a hatting political and legal debate punctuate with a significative community exercise apart from any legal procedure if it appears necessary to wonder about the compatibility af the local referendum with the constitutional ans legal contents, the problem of the timeliness of introducing a direct management of local matters by citizens has been the deciding factor in the outcome of this discussion. There is no doubt that the lawmaker wished to close the debate and treat tactfully the local councillors by instituting a strictly advisory procedure by both laws of february the 6th of 1992 and february the 4th of 1995. Nevertheless, the mechanism has a lot of shortcomings. To strict to permit a real intensification of local democracy, it is to weakness to surround efficiently the abuses of the local consultation practice
Mekni, Mohamed Mehdi. "La participation des citoyens au marché de permis d'émissions." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0375/document.
Full textSince the Clean Air Act Amendment (1990), the markets of tradable emissionpermits are becoming increasingly attractive. Very few works on the functioning of thesemarkets have analyzed the participation of citizens in order to buy and retire emissionspermits. This dissertation aims to study the effects of allowing citizens to participate inmarkets of tradable emission permits. In the first chapter, we show that when the pollutioncap is strictly greater than the optimal one, citizen’s participation is socially beneficial andnever socially harmful, even in the presence of free-riding. In the second chapter, based onoperating pollution markets in the US and Europe, we highlight the emergence of a demandto purchase and cancel emissions permits. In the third chapter, we show how it is possible topartly solve the free rider problem by subsidizing the citizen’s demand. Moreover, we arguethat an ethics based on the freedom and the sovereignty of citizens commands to allowcitizens participation in pollution market. In the fourth chapter, we focus on citizen’sparticipation in pollution markets with a regional pollution model. Such an implicationdepends on the value of transfer coefficients
Bara, Sofia. "La participation ces citoyens à la justice en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0407/document.
Full textOn the front page of the decisions made by the French courts can be read « Justice is given in the name of the French people ». Every citizen may be brought to work for the justice. Nevertheless, judging requires professional skills and abilities that magistrates have acquired through their training. In France, the legal system however, uses citizens that are little accustomed to what may be considered as a real profession. These non-professional citizens take on the role of the judge and the right to judge by giving sermon in the same manner as a career judge. Do these judges, jurors or occasional judges offer the same guarantee of good judgement? First, the jurors, recruited punctually by random selection for a session of assizes according to a civic obligation, are “citizen judges” who only discover criminal justice on the day of their recruitment. If common sense is useful to criminal judgment, it is far from being sufficient. Second, occasional judges recruited partly during a mandate, are “citizen judges”, considered to be closer to be closer to their specific “field” and more accustomed to the uses of a particular profession. Members of commercial tribunals, local judges of industrial tribunal advisors decide without the assistance of a professional judge. Do their recruitment methods guarantee their competence? Does the recognition of legal experience reflect the ability to judge? Conversely, what does this experience worth, when practicing in a sector of activity with regard to an increasingly legislated, regulated law, which requires a strong legal knowledge on a daily basi?
Catherin, Véronique. "La construction politique des conflits : la contestation du projet autoroutier Balbigny-Lyon (A 89)." Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO22006.
Full textThe contestation of the public policies are more and more frequent when they have some negative consequences on the people's everyday life. National politic of transports, specifically motorway infrastructure, don't escape of this situation, on the contrary. By opposing a public projet, the protesters question the legitimacy of the public action. They take part in public debate and political life. When the administration impose its projects without discussion and justification, the last solution for the citizens to be recognized as legitimate actors is to involve themselves in a conflict against the administration. The contestation of the motorway project "Balbigny-Lyon" constitute an interessant example for studying the conflictual relations between citizens and administration. Two dimensions of this conflict opposing the administration, the citizens and the elects is analysed : first, the cognitive dimension ; second, the strategy of the different protagonists. This analysis has two objectifs : to widen the theories of sociology of mobilization toward approaches of constructivism and interactionism which are not usefull in this scientific field ; to study a conflict in all of his dimension. In this second sense, this work is focused to the protagonist's social representations and to the elaboration of the opponent's tactics
Savard, Martin. "La participation des citoyens au programme de restauration du fleuve Saint-Laurent." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33751.pdf.
Full textJourné, Luc. "La participation des citoyens dans les projets d'aménagement urbain à New York." Paris 4, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01941191.
Full textTo what extent can citizen mobilizations compensate for the limits of representative democracy ? Do institutionalized participation procedures play a positive role ? After presenting the theoretical debate on participatory democracy, this dissertation focuses on the contribution of civil society to urban development projects in New York City. First, it provides a historical overview of urban development policies and mobilizations in New York. Then it focuses on three projects proposed for the city in the 2000s : the rebuilding of the World Trade Center site, and two stadium and high rise projects, for Manhattan’s West Side and for Brooklyn. These case studies show that neighborhood mobilizations play a crucial but insufficient role in compensating the excessive influence of the real-estate lobby. The progress of participatory democracy has been slow in New York in the last fifty years, but the dynamism of the city’s civil society holds tremendous potential to improve the political system
Didier, Caroline. "Enjeux communicationnels et injonctions à la créativité dans des dispositifs participatifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAL010/document.
Full textThe cultural and local institutions are trying to renew the public debates forms. The participatory devices components are getting immersive and multimodal, making the participants physically and bodily involved. However, some factors as « sociability » and « creativity », which are increasingly introduced in the participatory devices, would change the participant stratus into audience status. We analyzed strategies used by the participation's actors to set up the participatory devices and make the participant as « co-producer ». We analyzed the participants appropriation. The participant's body engagement gives a visual image of his activity : it makes it observable for the institution. Therefore, the body's image is taking importance in the aesthetic experience of public debate as reaching a social network experience. The network experience would redefine the expressiveness and the articulation between individual identity and « community ». In order to analyse the communication issues it raises, we focused on differents process of the participatory devices : the exhibition's participant, the narrative construction of the engagements and the scenarisation of the participation
Pierrin, Alexandre. "Des comités d'éthique aux débats citoyens la notion d'éthique dans la recherche en nanotechnologies /." Grenoble : IEP, 2007. http://iepdoc.upmf-grenoble.fr/memoires/pdf/2007/Z7315.pdf.
Full textSéminaire : "Participation politique et nouvelles formes de mobilisations citoyennes" dirigé par Stéphanie Abrial et Céline Belot. Titre provenant de la page de titre numérisée. Bibliogr. p. 153-158.
Giroux, Marie-Eve. "La participation des citoyens et citoyennes dans les coopératives de santé au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26558/26558.pdf.
Full textGiroux, Marie-Ève. "La participation des citoyens et citoyennes dans les coopératives de santé au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21193.
Full textLe système de santé québécois a connu de nombreuses transformations dans les dernières décennies et les questions d'accessibilité et de proximité des services sont d'une haute importance. Depuis quelques années, on a vu apparaître un nouveau type d'organisation offrant des services de santé : la coopérative de santé. Différents enjeux sont liés à la présence de ce type d'organisation, notamment sur le plan de la participation des citoyens et citoyennes. Ce mémoire a pour sujet la participation citoyenne dans les coopératives de santé et plus particulièrement les différentes formes de participation qui y sont présentes ainsi que phénomènes contribuant et nuisant à celle-ci. Nous concluons que la participation au conseil d'administration est la forme de participation ± active ¿ la plus importante dans ces coopératives. Nous avons également identifié différents phénomènes individuels et sociaux, organisationnels ainsi que contextuels et conjoncturels qui influencent la participation dans ces organisations.
Dupisson, Marie. "Le droit d'alerter : étude sur la protection de l'intégrité physique des personnes." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT4012.
Full textTo alert consists in informing about a danger in order to avoid any aggravation. When health or environment public authorities submit such an alert, it isn't questioned nor subject to a problem of legitimacy. However, the State does not have the exclusive right to watch, and whistleblower alerts are more and more often submitted by citizens who attempt to disclose public interest information. The legal protection of these alerts by citizens is not clear so these unusual denunciations need to be legally framed. The issue is very important since human body infringement is at stake. Thus, it is necessary to acknowledge whistleblowers an individual right to alert, depending on who the information is addressed to. Individuals have a right to alert the population on behalf of the freedom of expression which gives everyone the chance to enrich public debates within the limits of abuse. They can also alert an authority. In that case, the addressee is a person who is able to put an end to infringement. The whistleblower can refer to either judicial authority to denounce or to obtain redress for the damage caused, or to hierarchic authority when he or someone from his company is threatened. To acknowledge the right to alert enables citizens to participate in the defense of public interest
Dumont, Gilles. "La citoyenneté administrative." Paris 2, 2002. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01292880.
Full textErmoshina, Kseniia. "Au code, citoyens : mise en technologies des problèmes publics." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM072/document.
Full textThe PhD dissertation studies new digital participative technologies called "civic apps", applications for mobile and web developed in response to a large scope of public problems and based on the principle of crowdsourcing. The research focuses on the conception of these tools, their usages and the way these tools transform the communication among citizens and between citizens and public administrations. It also explores new formats of civic tech innovation, such as civic hackathons, and question the usage of programming code as a new tool of collective action.The thesis calls upon the methodologies of sociology of science and technology, sociology of public problems, political science and science of information and communication. Based on a case-study of several civic apps in France and Russia, the inquiry adresses the following question: how does the translation of public problems into programming code occur ? And how do these applications transform civic participation?The research shows that the interfaces standardize and format the practices of participation, using documents such as laws, technical norms and standards. However, this standardization has its limits. Focusing on the moments of failure and trial, such as tests, updates or debug of applications, the inquiry highlights the practices of bricolage and detournement, deployed by users in order to overcome the framing by design and participate in the rewriting of the applications.The thesis compares civic applications with the applications developed by public administrations and distinguishes two models of communication called the "long chains" and the "short chains". However, instead of opposing administrative and civic initiatives, the thesis proposes to think from "in-between", analyzing the articulations and arrangements of these socio-technical networks
Daassa, Mohamed Ali. "L'implication des citoyens dans les mobilisations de quartiers aux Etats-Unis." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040006.
Full textThis study is about citizens' involvement in neighborhood initiatives in the United States. It covers the history of local mobilization from the colonial period to the late 1990s. The motives, the underpinnings, the mechanisms, and the consequences of the neighborhood-level initiatives are analyzed. This study describes neighborhood initiatives as efforts by the residents themselves and as solutions devised by the federal government and by the states in order to solve poverty-related problems in poor urban communities. There are four parts, containing each three chapters. The first part describes the historical and ideological factors that influenced citizens' involvement, the consequences of the professionalization and the individualization of social work at the beginning of this century, and the role played by women in the establishing the welfare state. The second part deals with the new generation of initiatives, Saul Alinsky, urban renewal, the war on poverty, public housing, and with citizens' involvement during the 1950s and the 1960s in programs such as: gray areas, mobilization for youth, community action, model cities. The third part is about citizens' involvement as paraprofessionals arid in federal programs during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, economic development in "inner-city" neighborhoods, partnership, community-based organizations, the bottom-up approach, the nimby syndrome, issue-oriented politics, private initiative, volunteerism, self-help, empowerment, and the privatization of community development. The fourth part is a case study about a community-based organization in Philadelphia: the Allegheny West Foundation
Monbeig, Michel. "La démocratie confisquée : analyse sociologique d'un principe d'action publique : la participation des habitants à la politique de la ville." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21423.
Full textThe democratization of public policies is, without doubt, the stake for local government. Do we want the inhabitants of inner cities to participate in local government? A postulate guides this argument: democracy can not be decreed in public policies. First, it is a social experience which leads the local actors to be confronted with their contradictions in between strategies, ideology and subjectivity. This doctoral thesis shows that the local actors are taken in local political systems, in a more or less voluntary way, and create the expulsion of the local political system of inner cities inhabitants. The expulsion is built through public meetings during which the linguistics exchanges strongly reinforce the political expulsion of the poorest. The participation of citizens in local democracy questions the respect of the fundamental right to equality, since the law strongly suggests to considerate citizen as an actor in the project of politique de la Ville. The participation questions the representation of interest of inner cities inhabitants to whom it is asked to tell their specific situation in a broader program. At last, the participation questions citizenship when citizens are asked to participate in the model of local democracy. It is known for a long time that there is a strong link between economic exclusion situations and participation in local democracy. The more the individual is disqualified by economical policies, the more he is expulsed of economical systems of participation in production or consummation of cultural goods. And the more the citizen is disqualified the strongest his disinterest for political policies and political representation is. The participation in public political action becomes a supplementary confrontation between social groups with divergent interest. The work is still to be done: political participation from confiscated has to become shared between actors of local government
Tirasangka, Vannapar. "La participation du citoyen aux décisions administratives en matière d'aménagement et d'environnement en droit thaïlandais." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4025.
Full textSince the historic political change in 1932 In Thailand, the establishment of a new constitutional monarchy takes democratic principles into account. After the promulgation of the Constitution in 1997, and the current Constitution in 2007, citizen participation to the administrative decision making process became a constitutional right. In effect, the notion of citizen participation as provided for by the Constitution leads to the revision of certain previous laws. For instance, the possibility of citizen participation in administration is stated with a view to solving problems of citizen participation as they may have existed in the past. However, the implementation of citizen participation faces obstacles to its development and progress. From a legal and political standpoint, political changes and constitutional instability in Thailand have stalled the bill on citizen participation. From a social point of view, the quality of the relationship between the administration and constituents remains a persistent problem. This problem is a major obstacle to the development of citizen participation in Thailand
Gamser, M. S. "Innovation, user participation, and forest energy development." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375856.
Full textChourouba, Marie-Madeleine Farma. "Participation politique des citoyens et citoyennes, le cas des femmes en Côte d'Ivoire : essai historique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61221.pdf.
Full textJacquet, Vincent [Verfasser]. "Comprendre la non-participation : Les citoyens face aux dispositifs délibératifs tirés au sort / Vincent Jacquet." Brussels : P.I.E-Peter Lang S.A., Éditions Scientifiques Internationales, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223310132/34.
Full textChourouba, Farma Marie-Madeleine. "Participation politique des citoyens et citoyennes : le cas des femmes en Côte d'Ivoire : essai historique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28559.
Full textGillet-Lorenzi, Emmanuelle. "Enquête publique et participation du public : l'exemple des grands projets d'infrastructure de transport." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD009.
Full textIn participation of the public, evolution of the procedure inquiry, engendered by the law Bouchardeau, of July 12, 1983, turn out essential. An analysis of the procedures led about the big projects of infrastructure of transport allows nevertheless to put in evidence the limits in any optimal efficiency of this procedure of inquiry. The principles of a fruitful contemporary evolution can be then loosened. It is a question above all of insuring the insertion of the procedure of inquiry a efficient process of participation of the public. This way, a first phase of participation should be organized most upstream possible of the decision-making. The objective is to assure(insure) a qualitative and premature information, necessary for the development of constructive contradictory exchanges. The National Commission of the Public Debate appears then as the indispensable guarantor of this participation. Still it is necessary that it is endowed with a real power of influence. The procedure Bouchardeau contains, besides, in itself, certain incapacities : the information of the public can be improved in its contents as in its shape ; the limits in an actual consideration of the expression of the public prevent any unconditional recognition of the public inquiry. The recognition for the benefit of the "commissaries enquêteurs", of the role of pivot, appears, then as an essential objective to achieve : The editorial staff of a specific status is imperative itself ; an intensification of the value and the reach attributed to the report and to the conclusions of inquiry is indispensable. Joining continuance with the law Bouchardeau of 1983 and the law Barnier of 1995, the law of February 27, 2002 insures certainly the democratisation and the transparency of the process of elaboration of the big projects. Overhangs operated in public inquiry are nevertheless incomplete. The question of the elaboration of a big law on the participation remains composed
Maillé, Marie Anick. "La contribution de la société civile au développement de la politique étrangère canadienne : le cas du travail et de l'exploitation économique des enfants." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18114.
Full textDang, Thi an lien. "L'amélioration des relations entre l'administration et les citoyens au Vietnam." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30073.
Full textTo be recognized as « citizens », Vietnamese people have had to under through years of war against foreign invaders. A socialist republic were created and developped, however its citizens have been always bearing difficulties caused the bureaucratic administration and a planned economy.Overcoming and improving citizen’s life standards become uttermost missions of the Government. These led to the Đổi mới (Renovation) in 1986 in Vietnam. The economic reform toward market economy required a similar reform in administrative mechanism, especially in administrative procedures. However, the first administrative reforms on national scale had not been started until 2001.These reforms have resulted in changes in all sectors in Vietnam, the economy develops and citizens’ life standard improved. Nevertheless, burdens and shortcomings are still there. Vietnam citizens are still dispointed by the slowness, heaviness and ineffectiveness of the administrative apparatus. Moreover, Vietnam’s accession to WTO, national and international economic integration, enhanced application of information technology are actually factors for development. Similarly, administration apparatus should be stronger, more democratic, simplified, transparent, professional, effective and modernized, so that it could promote citizen participation in its activities to meet their expectation
Bherer, Laurence. "La participation des citoyens aux affaires municipales dans les régions de Québec et de Chaudière-Appalaches." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/MQ43770.pdf.
Full textDebaere, Steven. "Proactive inferior member participation management in innovation communities." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A012.
Full textNowadays, companies increasingly recognize the benefits of innovation communities (ICs) to inject external consumer knowledge into innovation processes. Despite the advantages of ICs, guaranteeing the viability poses two important challenges. First, ICs are big data environments that can quickly overwhelm community managers as members communicate through posts, thereby creating substantial (volume), rapidly expanding (velocity), and unstructured data that might encompass combinations of linguistic, video, image, and audio cues (variety). Second, most online communities fail to generate successful outcomes as they are often unable to derive value from individual IC members owing to members’ inferior participation. This doctoral dissertation leverages customer relationship management strategies to tackle these challenges and adds value by introducing a proactive inferior member participation management framework for community managers to proactively reduce inferior member participation, while effectively dealing with the data-rich IC environment. It proves that inferior member participation can be identified proactively by analyzing community actors’ writing style. It shows that dependencies between members’ participation behaviour can be exploited to improve prediction performance. Using a field experiment, it demonstrates that a proactive targeted email campaign allows to effectively reduce inferior member participation
Berthier, Demonfort Sophie. "Le principe d'ouverture en droit de l'Union Européenne : Contribution à l'étude de l'influence des citoyens dans la prise de décision européenne." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0043/document.
Full textThe principle of openness, mentioned in the first article of the Treaty on the European Union acts as a foundation of a global research into the interaction between taking decisions and the citizens of Europe. This approach is motivated by a willingness to improve the legitimacy of European policy. However, it should be distinguished from the democratic principal of law within the Union, in that it does not attempt to reinforce the status of European citizens within the European political regime, but attempts only to offer them possibilities of influencing the core of such decisions. The possibilities of influence are constantly looked at in depth, through reorganizing such principles as transparency and participation, and by the installation of mechanisms of dialogue through consultation, the right to petitions, the right to use a mediator or even create citizens initiatives. The study tries to measure the degree of influence that European citizens have on decision making, and to compare them to the objectives of the principle of openness
Cheval, Hélène. "Quelles interactions à la biodiversité pour l’implication des individus à sa conservation ? : la construction de nouvelles approches et méthodes de mesure." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066671.
Full textSprawling urban environments are dramatically reducing opportunities for people to interact with nature. According to the extinction of experience hypothesis, this widening separation between people and the nature may entail disaffection, lack of knowledge towards biodiversity and its conservation. While this principle has been widely adopted and quoted, strong evidence is lacking. The objective of the thesis is to test this hypothesis and to explore what types of connection to biodiversity are linked to involvement of individuals into conservation. In that aim, we developed new approaches and methods to measure individual behaviors and their interactions with nature. We first investigated the role of the presence of nature in people’s surroundings in an actual conservation behavior: organic consumption at a nationwide scale based on the sales of supermarket stores from the E. Leclerc group. We then studied the role of various types of everyday life relations to nature in people’s knowledge, sense of connectedness to nature and their individual behaviors in an urban context using a questionnaire. Finally, a 3D computer program creating virtual gardens allowed us to explore which biodiversity and relation to nature people want in public gardens. This thesis supports the negative effect of urbanization in individuals’ implication in conservation. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining daily access to local and ordinary biodiversity, particularly in artificial environments, and experiencing the interdependence between humans and biodiversity
Gustave, Jean Rony. "Patrimoine, tourisme et communautés locales en Haïti. Une étude dans les Départements de l'Artibonite et du Centre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69704.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyze in depth the heritage and tourism binomial in terms of real and effective participation of local communities in tourism projects and / or activities in Haiti, particularly in the Departments of Artibonite and Center by putting the focus specifically on cultural tourism (diasporic, national or local) and intangible heritage. We support the idea that the heritage and tourism binomial is not possible without real and effective participation of local communities in tourism projects in Haiti. Through real and effective participation, we consider the following aspects that we develop a little further: 1) the involvement of local communities in major site-related decisions; 2) the valorisation of the socioeconomic benefits of tourism on local communities; 3) the relationship of trust developed between local communities and other stakeholders (state authorities and site managers in the management of sites, 4) the social representation that local communities make of sites according to their Catholic-vodou practices Indeed, since the flagship project of President Dumarsais Estimé (August 16, 1946-10 May 1950) identifying tourism as the key sector of the Haitian economy, no real place is given to local communities in touristic projects in Haiti. The different Tourism Master Plans and Tourism Development Projects designed by the state authorities bear witness to this. Local communities have never been considered as true beneficiaries of tourism and potential players in tourism development, in Haiti. Favouring a qualitative approach, we opted for multi-site ethnography as part of the methodology of our thesis. The multi-site ethnography allows us to get in touch with people, to observe participatively the festive events related to the sites of our research, to compare the practices of the two sites in order to understand their points of convergences. Indeed, whether it is at Badjo or Saut-d'Eau, they are all subject to Catholic-vodou ritual practices. Participatory and direct observation as well as the semi-directed interview allows us to question the different actors concerned: local communities, site managers and state authorities.
Côté, Laurent. "Développement des communautés comment mobiliser et faire participer les citoyens ? : l'exemple de la communauté de Saint-Camille." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2575.
Full textFoucras, Nicolas. "L'influence du secteur des affaires sur la politique commerciale des pays latino-américains : le cas du secteur agricole au Mexique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24537/24537.pdf.
Full textPacillo, Grazia. "Market participation, innovation adoption and poverty in rural Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61392/.
Full textChezel, Edith. "La fabrique collective des paysages climatiques : une enquête avec les parcs éoliens citoyens en Frise du Nord." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH022/document.
Full textNorthern Friesland is a region on the Wadden Sea shores in Germany, on the border with Denmark. Since 1991 farmers and locals have partnered to buy and manage wind turbines themselves. They named their companies "citizens wind parks". In 2018, they represent 90% of the installed wind capacity in Friesland, ie around 2000 MW. This thesis is an inquiry with those who made this energy landscape. The “inquiry” is here conceived as method stating that the solution emerges as the problem be-comes clearer. In doing so, the thesis scours from 1975, 40 years of experience with collectively developing and managing wind farms, an experience which suggests renewing our understanding of the relations between energy projects and climate change. Taken as an experience of dwelling the climate, these citizen wind landscapes are successively observed along their sensitive (relational intensities to the environment), practical (socio-technical processes of project set-ups) and political dimensions (collective structuring between citizens and administrations to solve a problem). The thesis proposes a pragmatist and ecologist reformulation (together with John Dewey, Daniel Céfaï and Tim Ingold) of this experience as the collective making of climatic landscapes. The thesis also puts forward the concept of landscape assembly, as a form of landscape, in the political sense inspired by the ancient Landschaften (Kenneth Olwig), to describe a plastic figure, heterogeneous and situated, capable of conducting this experience and of giving an account of it. This last aspect is also discussed in terms of democratic opportunities (Joëlle Zask) and relational responsibility (Joan Tronto) to question the ways of apprehending climate changes
Van, der Veen Paula Louise. "Women and political participation : the Montreal Citizens Movement, 1974-1989." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59585.
Full textMartineau-Delisle, Catherine. "La participation publique et la gestion des forêts au Québec : changement de gouvernance, impacts des pratiques et profil des participants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/28983/28983.pdf.
Full textThe Canadian forest sector has gone through major transformations in the last decades. As a result, new practices have emerged among which public participation (PP) processes are particularly important. These are today a given in the sector, at every decisional level and for all actors. The growing importance of PP is said to reflect a major governance change in the management of forests. It is also seen as a practice which has many benefits: PP processes would improve the quality of decisions, ensure that a diversity of social values is considered, and increase trust in public authorities, for example. Despite the growing interest in PP, many knowledge gaps remain. To what point do PP processes reflect a governance change? What are their “real” impacts? Do they allow for the integration of a diversity of participants, as usually postulated? Our research aims to answer these questions based on the example of Québec forest sector. Firstly, based on an analysis of 693 cases of PP which happened over a period of more than three decades, the study provides with a high-level portrait of the evolution of PP processes in Québec forest sector. While the results prevent us from concluding that a real governance shift has happened, they clearly indicate that PP practices contribute to some key modifications in the conduct of forest management. Secondly, based on the perspective of 137 individuals having been involved in forest-related PP processes, the study identifies ten types of potential impacts of PP mechanisms as well as their significance from the point of view of the respondents. It also reveals key challenges related to the achievement of these impacts. Finally, one of the impacts of PP is measured empirically. To that end, the lists of participants to 27 public hearings were analyzed. The results reveal that, while PP opens decision-making to a wider range of participants, some forest actors tend to be favoured to the detriment of others. Overall, the key considerations raised by the study’s results allow important recommendations with regards to future PP practices and studies.
Volpe, Stella. "Quels droits politiques pour les non-citoyens ? : genèse de l'expérience de représentation à Rome, 2000-2008." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1009.
Full textThis research is about a representative system, which was implemented in Rome at the local level in 2004, to involve not European citizens living in the Italian Capital in decision making process. This representative system is composed of two different forms of representation : firstly, four "Added (town) Councillors", who are periodically elected into the Rome municipal Council by not European citizens living in Rome; secondly, the "City Consulta representing foreign communities", which is also periodically elected simultaneously with the four "Added (town) Councillors" by not European citizens living in Rome. By performing a comparative analysis of the two forms of representation this bicephalous representative system is composed of, we will be able to test our main hypotheses. The first one is that these two forms of representation are conceived and implemented according to two very different, contrasting, antithetic logics, which are opposed to one another, if not incompatible. Therefore, it requires us to call into question a priori assumptions about the compatibility of these two forms of representation. The second one is that, in some regards, this representative system is somewhat of a readjustment of the initial forms of political participation through elected representatives under the present circumstances, for the reason that its underlying principles are partially in contrast to today's top trending characteristics of contemporary Western democracies, but similar to nascent modern democracies' characteristics. Therefore, it requires us to call into question a priori assumptions that this representative system is absolutely innovative, or even a real novelty
Droniou, Véronique. "La médiation : étude d'une nouvelle forme de participation du public aux décisions d'aménagement." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOD005.
Full textIn law mediation is often wrongly confused with the alternative modes of conflict settlement, such as conciliation in particular, that are aimed at avoiding a classical proceeding. Nevertheless, mediation refers to another kind of reality which may be the basis for a new form of public participation in the planning related decisions. The interest of mediation is to create a communication process closely akin to dialectics which, thanks to the intervention of a third party who is neutral, independent and devoid of any power on the parties, permits to overcome an initial situation of inertia or deadlock between the interlocutors. The initial situation overcoming process which leads to a new situation created by the parties to the mediation themselves, can give a means of getting through or avoiding many conflicts existing, inter alia, in the field of planning. When mediation is successful, new relations are created between the parties, which become participants to new planning projects thus; the development of mediation provides the choice of a mode of public participation whose practice is limited and in its infancy at the moment. However, its workings portend important changes in the administrative area. Effectively, although mediation does not relieve the administration authority of its decisional power, the preparation for, and the collective discussion on the content of the decision lead to a consensual, or perhaps even contractual project that does not belong any longer to the administration only. Inversely, without the essential contribution or participation of the administration, a common solution cannot be reached. Thus, non-institutional mediation is not a mode of substitution to the decision of the public authorities, but a process designed to ease the decision for which they are responsible. The efforts of the administration to use new forms of political actions mingling democratic practices with a straightforward management of the economic and social problems are analyzed through the mediation experiments that have been carried out in the field of nuclear waste and when the setting of the TGV-Mediterranée was under way. But the experiments should not undermine the reluctance of the administration to recognize in the citizen a participation general right because he stands out against the administration's decisional power which is based on a class
Parola, Giulia. "Environmental democracy : rights and duties for a new citizenship." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05D008.
Full textThe idea of an Environmental Democracy comes from the attempt of seeking a theoretical legal solution without twisting the political system and finding a different way to use the democratic concept and tool. In order to achieve this objective. Chapter I "Environmental Democracy: A Theoretical Construction" presents the conceptual building blocks of this thesis' approach, suggesting the possible transformation of the actual political and legal structures into an "Environmental Democracy". Before speaking about the elements - form, space and actors - which compose Environmental Democracy, it is necessary to analyze in Section I of this Chapter, titled "Environmental Democracy", what the notions of "Democracy" and "Environment" in the thesis'prospective encompass. The second point, which is studied in the Section II of Chapter I, called "The Actors of Environmental Democracy: The Environmental and Ecological Citizen". Every individual has to rediscover what environmental rights are, whichcomes from the fact that he exists as a human being and that also without their explicit granting, that those rights nevertheless exist beyond. In the same time, just as with regard to environmental rights, also ecological duties exist beyond any recognition. In other words, from the mere fact that we are alive, we have rights and duties vis-à-vis ourselves and Earth. It is just a status, the life status. Environmental Democracy should be implemented at a global and local level to better answer to global and local environmental problems. In the light of the theoretical construction of Environmental Democracy and its elements, Chapter II, titled "Environmental Democracy in an International Context", examines Environmental Democracy at the global level by referring to international legal instruments and Chapter III, namely "Environmental Democracy in a European Context", examines Environmental Democracy at local level by referring to European Union Law. Both Chapters present therefore a synopsis of the provisions of two branches of law, international law and European Community law, which regulate or concern directly or indirectly the construction of an Environmental Democracy
Ratouis, Geoffrey. "La politique et la cité : Angers, Cholet, Saumur (1889-1914)." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0021.
Full textIn 1889, the French prepare to celebrate the centenary of the Revolution. Whereas the regime seem to be definitely settled and the laws on freedom of expression are accepted by everyone, the Republic has to cope with the Boulangist fever, then with the anarchist threat. In Anjou, whereas the Republicans and the Royalists are still engaged in a pitiless fight, the peoples of Angers, Cholet and Saumur also get a working knowledge of democracy and new modes of political expression. How do the citizens of the three main towns of Maine et Loire react to the choices of societies in favour of which the French will have to pronounce themselves during the Belle Epoque?