Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innovation non technologique'
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Ling, Lucie. "Poétique, poïétique chromatique de la céramique : le céladon entre métier archaïque et innovation non technologique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20101.
Full textThe term “celadon” refers to three definitions. First, it is a hero of a french fiction, “L’Astrée” written by Honoré d’Urfé. Then and by extension, it becomes a color name in Europe and it indicates a shade of pale green. But, finally, it makes mainly reference to one special Chinese porcelain created during the First Millennium (1250 before J.-C) which gets a blue-green glaze. Celadon questions so much about its chromatic identity that its reference sources. Indeed, shady and maybe unclassifiable, celadon is designated, in China, by the words “qing ci” which mean “green or blue porcelain”. Consequently, this research is done through a double look. On one hand, an occidental point of view question the naming, then Far East Asian perception where it is about to understand an archaic practice the poetic foundations of which are fed by specific imaginary (jade, bronze). All the complexity of the celadon so lives in this power of ubiquity which was involuntarily conferred on him. The notion of fictionnalisation so appears by itself. It is indeed the uses of the very object, of its color but also its name that are going to engender multiple imagination, multiple fictions. Of a region from the world to the other one, the perception differs always participating more to make of the celadon as an imperceptible object. How can imagination feed the creation in the field of the ceramic colors? How to reuse a know-how without distorting foundations? How can we innovate from an archaic practice?
Lière, Sophie. "L'innovation technologique dans les contrats publics d'affaires." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020005.
Full textUnder the influence of European Union law, the « business public contracts » (i.e. contracts known as public procurement and concession contracts in EU law) are supposed to be a means of fostering technological innovation. However, the multiplicity of objectives assigned to these contracts, in particular the obligation of maintaining an open competition in awarding them, does not allow them to be an efficient tool for promoting innovation at their formation stage. It is the responsibility of the parties to take into account the main charasteristics of innovation, such as evolutivity and performance, to define their contractual relationships. The contract, taken as a means of anticipation, thus represents an efficient tool for promoting innovation
Roumy, Mathieu. "Modélisation et pilotage des capacités d’Innovation organisationnelle pour favoriser la capacité d’Innovation de la grande entreprise, cas d’étude : SNCF Réseau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0127.
Full textLarge companies evolve in a complex and uncertain social, climatic, economic and now health environment that challenges mechanical determinism and Cartesian logic. In addition, there is a 4th industrial revolution. To survive, they must evolve and increase their capacity for innovation. Most existing studies have focused on technological innovation, neglecting the non-technological dimension of innovation, commonly called "organizational innovation". However, the latter allows large companies to take into account a set of factors that promote their capacity for innovation and anchor it in their routines. The objective is then, thanks to a systemic and transdisciplinary approach, to identify these factors, which we call "Organizational Innovation capabilities". They include the dynamic capabilities of the company as well as the antecedents of organizational innovation. Indeed, non-technological innovation is often perceived as a vague and heterogeneous concept. It is therefore necessary to provide companies with models, methods and tools that make the concept concrete and operational. Nevertheless, nowadays, enterprise modeling has its limits for, on the one hand, the representation of a large enterprise that we assimilate to a complex and open "organic" socio-technical system and, on the other hand, for the representation and management of Organizational Innovation capacities. Thus, within the framework of a CIFRE agreement with the company SNCF Réseau, the IMS laboratory of the University of Bordeaux and the Icube laboratory of the University of Strasbourg, we propose a conceptual framework of the large company, of organizational innovation as well as an approach of analysis and recommendation of the capacities of Organizational Innovation, based on our own model of the organizational innovation for a large company This thesis work has therefore led to the development of a meta-model that allows the large company to have a systemic vision of itself in order to improve its innovation capacity. The model is composed of three systems "Organization-Territory-Network of actors," and makes it possible to highlight the capacities of Organizational Innovation within the systems in a logic of characterization and piloting of those in particular thanks to the evaluation of their impacts and their priorities. Our approach is based on a case study using a quantitative multi-criteria methodology. In the end, this thesis is the source of several contributions. First, the decompartmentalization of sciences allows us to study the antecedents of organizational innovation linked to the territory and to the networks of actors, beyond the classical approaches that generally privilege the internal antecedents of the organization. Secondly, we give a central place to human and social dimensions, which are essential, as is a better understanding of their interactions, both formal and informal (e.g. corporate culture, social climate, knowledge, leadership, etc.). Finally, the study of the impact of Organizational Innovation capabilities that we propose has never been done before for a large company (work on SMEs exists). Thus, the innovation capacity of a large company is dependent on the interactions between the territory, the systems that make it up, its networks of actors and the socio-technical systems of the organization. These results lead to recommendations for a better management of the organizational innovation capacity that is anchored in the company's culture
Wirth, Marco Andreas Alwin [Verfasser], Frédéric [Gutachter] Thiesse, and Sascha [Gutachter] Friesike. "Additive Fertigung: Technologie, Markt und Innovation / Marco Wirth ; Gutachter: Frédéric Thiesse, Sascha Friesike." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155970.
Full textRichard, Dominic. "L'ordre technologique ou le non-monde de la servitude : la critique philosophique de la technique au 20e siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29572.
Full textFlores, Jean-Charles. "Ingénierie moléculaire et supramoléculaire d'oligo (phénylènethienylène) S π-conjugués." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20038.
Full textCharfi, Laadhar Souha. "L'activation des dépenses de recherche et développement par les entreprises françaises non cotées." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082835.
Full textIn this study, we have tried to display the influence of certain firm characteristics as well as its R&D activity on the choice of the capitalization of R&D expenditures. The first part of this research has been guided by an economic analysis of the R&D activity on which the accounting treatment is based. The second part is an empirical analysis of the capitalization of R&D expenditures by not listed french companies. Using a logit model applied on a 253 not listed french companies sample, belonging to high technology industrial sectors and observed on the period 2000–2002, we find that smaller, less profitable and more leveraged firms tend to capitalize more of their R&D spending. Our results show also that companies capitalizing R&D register more licences and use more external R&D than companies expensing R&D
Durieux, Florence. "Management de l'innovation : une approche évolutionniste." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090049.
Full textResearch on innovation management deals mainly with individual projects. The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the evolution dynamics of a series of innovation projects. The aim is to answer the following question : how does a population of innovation projects live and die ? This study is based on three independant theoretical currents : innovation management, nonlinear dynamic system theory and population ecology. Six types of interactions between innovation projects have emerged from me search for determining me evolution underlying laws. Competition is the main form of interaction : projects are competing for limited resources available within organizations. Hence, the law governing the observed evolution is a function of population density, illustrated by a kind of natural selection of projects : projects corresponding to their environment are the only ones likely to survive
Boudokhane, Fairouz. "L'Internet refusé : le non-usage du réseau et ses raisons." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30006.
Full textIn this research, we are interested in the issue of the non-usage of technology. As a first step, we investe in the study of the different forms of refusal that certain information and communication techniques were confronted with across history. As a second step, and on basis of a field study, we analyse the reasons of Internet usage refusal. In this technological world, there are not only users but also non-users, recalcitrants who refuse this tool: refuse in the sense to reject, not agree to it, not agree to adopt it and to use it. We want throughout this job to understand the reasons for such refusal. This phenomenon should not be considered to be a dysfunction but a fact that must be explained and that can have respectable reasons. The refusal seems visceral and irrational, merely because the technical novelty frightens. But it also proceeds from a reflection, an analysis, a set of opinions and thoughtful ideas. Definitely, the refusal of the Internet seems to cover a multitude of parameters. Several explicative elements of technical, psychological, cognitive, cultural and ideological order were identified during our inquiry
Druel, François. "Evaluation de la valeur à l'ère du Web : proposition de modèle de valorisation des projets non marchands." Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0039.
Full textThe emergence on the web on the internet allowed the outcoming of many non-merchant projets : Free or Open-Source software, these creations do not create value by rarity but, on the contrary, by openess. Morever, these projects are not conducted by companies but by organizations, apparently unformal that do not sell products but offer to user an involvment. The goal of our research is to give a methodoloy allowing value evaluation of non merchant products and projects. We study value, technological phenomenon, and sharing tools. Then we study methods for data collection and treatment. At last, we study evaluation methods for intangibles. This research allows us to propose a value evaluation benchmark for non merchant projects. We use two main axis : attractivity and perennity and we define 18 evaluation criterias and a scale. This allows us to define a radial multi-criterias graphic representation for decision making. Our benchmark is aimed at people willing to involve themselves in non merchant projects
Bosch, Horacio E., Claudia Guzner, Mercedes S. Bergero, Blasi Mario A. Di, Adriana Schilardi, and Leonor Carvajal. "Innovations in Educational Research and Teaching of Experimental Calculus." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-79493.
Full textDaadaoui, Latifa. "La gouvernance du processus d'innovation : Cas de la valorisation non alimentaire des agro-ressources dans le cadre d'un pôle de compétitivité." Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090072.
Full textHow to organize collective action to be innovative ? is a burning question for organization, territories and States. Through a definition of innovation process in terms of knowledge and relationships between actors, we try to explore the governance arrangements of collective action in non-food use of agro-resources in the particular context of a French competitiveness cluster « le pôle de compétitivité IAR». This cluster was initiated in France in order to improve industrial performance through innovation and promoting industry-research relationships in a territory. To do so, we use a qualitative methodology with a case study approach of two projects. As interested by the two levels cluster and project, we see how the characteristics of the innovation process affect the building and dynamics of governance. We emphasize the importance of the coupling scientific / relational governance and the functional complementarity of its mechanisms. The articulation of these different levels refers to the complementarity of their roles in the innovation process and of their governance mechanisms
Yang, Yingying. "Innovative non-destructive methodology for energy diagnosis of building envelope." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0913/document.
Full textBuildings represent a large share in terms of energy consumption, such as 35% in the member countries of IEA (2010) and 39.8% in U.S. (2015). Climate controlling (space heating and space cooling) occupies more than half of the consumption. While this consumption can be reduced by improving the building energy efficiency, in which the thermal performance of building envelope plays a critical role. Therefore, the thermal diagnosis of building envelope is of great important, for example, in the case of new building accreditation, retrofitting energy efficiency of old building and the building resale and renting. However, very few diagnostic methods exist for the characterization of thick walls. The present measurement standards that based on steady state heat transfer regime need a long time (several days). The classical transient technologies, such as flash method, are difficult to implement on the walls because of the large thickness of walls and the complex conditions in situ. This thesis aims to explore innovative methodologies for thermal quantitative diagnosis of building envelope. Two experimental cases were carried out: one is in laboratory (IFSTTAR, Nantes) and the other is in situ (IUT, Bordeaux). Different sensors and instruments were studied to measure the wall heat flux and surface temperature, and provided some guidelines for the choice of sensors and data processing protocols as well. Using these measured data, three estimation approaches were proposed to estimate the thermal parameters of the multilayer thick wall: pulse response curve method, step response curve method and inverse method, which can be applied for different diagnostic situations. In addition, an innovative NDE (non-destructive evaluation) method using terahertz (THz) radiation was also investigated. Measurements were carried out in I2M laboratory to characterize the absorption coefficient of standard building materials (insulation, plaster, concrete, wood ...). This THz method can be combined with a previous thermal method to provide some complementary information
Chakroun, Mahmoud. "Eco-innovation dans le domaine des technologies d'épandage : cas de l'épandeur PROLOG." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020876.
Full textGozim, Sid Ahmed. "Le processus d'innovation dans les activités de services : le rôle de la veille stratégique. Application au champ non médical en milieu hospitalier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2008.
Full textIf the processes of innovation in services activities were the subject of extensive work over the past 30 years, the link with business intelligence has been less analyzed in this context. This thesis proposes to build and to confront a representative model of this link with a multiple case study in the private and public hospital sector, on non-medical innovations. They confirm the existence of a strong link between intelligence and innovation, before and during the innovation process construction, for a wide variety of stakeholders involved in the process, regardless of their hierarchical position and their field activity
Ghazali, Monia. "Impact de l'ouverture commerciale dans les pays en développement sur les inégalités de salaires entre travailleurs qualifiés et non qualifiés : cas de la Tunisie." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090066.
Full textThis work aims to explore the mechanisms linking the Tunisian trade liberalization process to wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. The first study performs a preliminary descriptive analysis. Stylised facts on trade liberalization process and skilled-unskilled wage differentials are presented. The analysis reveals a widening of the wage gap after the implementation of trade liberalization reforms in 1986. This trend is particularly noticeable over the second half of the 1980s as well as after 2000, periods exhibiting a significant decline of the rate of trade protection. The second study attempts to identify, using panel data, the nature of the relationship between trade liberalization and wage inequality over the period 1975-2002. Regression results confirm the positive and statistically significant impact of trade openness on relative wages. The third study confirms the existence of a trade-induced technological change that contributes to increase the relative demand for skilled workers, over the period 1998-2002. The fourth study attempts to empirically explore the effects of trade liberalization process in Tunisia on average real wages and wage inequality, via industry rents. Results point out that skilled labour was more able than unskilled labour to capture rents before trade reforms. Therefore, the reduction of rents appears to have reduced wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labour, over the period 1998-2002 in Tunisia
Drougard, Marion. "Compréhension et contrôle de la morphologie des champignons filamenteux en culture liquide." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0019.
Full textBiotechnology has for many years operated a large collection of microorganisms in food and health sectors. Today, this field fits perfectly into the ecological transition of chemical and environmental sectors, by designing high-performance processes to replace petroleum products. Filamentous fungi represent important organisms in industrial biotechnologies, widely used for the production of metabolites with strong commercial interests such as antibiotics, enzymes or organic acids. Their implementation in submerged environment is continually attracting new research to overcome issues associated with their behavior. Indeed, this mode of cultivation generates different fungal morphologies, mainly dependent on their intrinsic biological properties but also on physico-chemical conditions within their environment. This characteristic of filamentous fungi very often influences their implementation and their productivity.This thesis proposes an original study to identify and control the underlying phenomena that influence fungal morphogenesis. To this end, we propose research combining fundamental and applied studies on several strains of strong industrial interest. We have investigated and developed various pioneering techniques for the control of fungal morphology. Microparticles implementation and development of a microfluidic encapsulation technique allowed us to confirm and deepen the aggregation mechanisms of fungal conidia. On the other hand, the addition of mineral salts in the culture medium prevented hyphae aggregation. To validate an extrapolation of these results towards an industrial process, these tools were also implemented during the first steps of scale-up. These works bring results and perspectives in the control of bioprocesses involving filamentous fungi
Benouniche, Maya. "Une innovation technique en train de se faire. Le goutte à goutte en pratique au Maroc : acteurs, bricolages et efficiences." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20176/document.
Full textAbstract Promoted as the most efficient irrigation technology, able to contribute to solving the major current water crises, drip irrigation spreads quickly throughout the world. The perspective of an idealized technology with a theoretical efficiency studied in experimental stations without users struck us immediately. Rejecting a normative view of drip irrigation (what it should be/do), we studied it in practice, interacting with a multitude of actors focusing on what it does and for whom. Our objective is to analyse how the practice of this technical innovation has changed the technology and the socio-professional pathways of different actors involved in drip irrigation, and analyse the impact on actual irrigation efficiencies. We show how local actors took control of the innovation taking responsibility in spheres once thought reserved for engineers in the production, use and dissemination of innovation. These local initiatives crossed and strengthened state development programs promoting drip irrigation. The technology attracted a large number of non-conventional actors who changed the technology, but also changed themselves. The successful diffusion of drip irrigation ensures their socio-professional promotion, and they in turn will attract more users to the world of drip irrigation. This constitutes the strength of drip irrigation, which is a technical object around which powerful socio-technical networks were built. Bricolage helped design systems better suited to local conditions, but was also a learning process to incorporate change. From an imported technology accessible to a minority of large farmers, a plurality of drip systems is now accessible for a wide diversity of farmers. Finally, the performance of irrigation systems is heterogeneous, some farmers irrigating 3-4 times the volume necessary for crop water requirements. This performance can be explained by irrigation practices favouring a water comfort to crops, reflecting the logic of the actors. Today, "water saving" is an unattainable goal, as it is not a priority for any of the actors, including the state. We conclude that it would be interesting to engage non-conventional actors as allies in order to promote the concept of water saving on the field with users
Mariotto, Carlotta. "Essais sur l'Innovation de la Banque de Détail." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM085/document.
Full textDuring the last years, the finance industry has experienced a proliferation of innovations which may disrupt traditional financial services. They blur the boundaries between banks and financial start-ups, speed up transactions, democratize the access to credit, revise how we can purchase goods and how merchants can sell their products, while imposing regulators the challenge for a new level playing field which balances the trade-off between financial stability, competition and innovation. In this thesis, I try to answer to three main issues related to the topic of innovation in retail banking. Firstly, how do innovations impact competition in retail banking. One first issue is to understand why some of these innovative services are offered by non-bank platforms and how can banks compete with entrants that do not have the same business model. Secondly, I look at what the drivers of the adoption of innovation by consumers in retail banking are. What determines the diffusion of a new financial technology despite all the financial risks related to it ? To answer to these questions, I will look empirically at the example of the two main peer-to-peer lending platforms in the USA, Prosper and LendingClub. Third, I address the question on whether regulation of innovation is necessary. Is it optimal for the society to regulate the providers of innovative retail banking services? To answer to these questions, I address, in two theoretical models, the well-known debates on the optimal level of interchange fees in payment card systems and the imposition of exclusivity arrangements and price parity clauses in contracts between platforms and merchants
Houngbonon, Georges Vivien. "Essais sur la concurrence et l'investissement dans l'industrie des télécommunications." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0168.
Full textGovernments around the world, and the European Union in particular, have endeavored to raise the intensity of competition in the wireless market, an industry characterized by significant rate of technological progress and complex tariffs. This thesis purports to assess how this rise in competition has affected investment in the wireless network, the price of wireless services, and whether standard measures of market power are still valid in such an innovative industry. Using rich datasets on the characteristics of the wireless operators around the world, their financial performance indicators and pricing strategies, it provides a set of evidence which lend support to the relative significance of dynamic efficiencies compared to static efficiencies. In particular, it shows that : 1) as the intensity of competition, measured by 1-Lerner, is above 62%, more competition may decrease social welfare as it lowers investment. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between static and dynamic efficiencies when the profit of the average firm represents less than 38% of its revenue. 2) the entry of an additional mobile operator may decrease the price of the services based on a mature technology at the expense of raising the price of those services whose production relies on a new technology. The reverse holds in case of a merger, suggesting that dynamic efficiencies gains outweigh the static ones in the wireless industry. 3) the price-cost margin may under or overestimate firms' market power in innovative markets, such as the wireless industry due to the uncertain outcome of investment. The empirical evidence suggests that the magnitude of this bias increases, but not significantly, with investment
Salmona, Michèle. "Les cultures techniques et le travail des paysans français face aux politiques publiques de vulgarisation et d'incitation économique." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070033.
Full textThe thesis presents, in its first part, the technical cultures, work, and professions of stock-breeder and market-gardener. This analysis is characterized by an access to the affective, cognitive, imaginary dimensions of work and to the natural and living supports of that work. Referring to french books and oral african traditions, an historical approach introduces an enrichment of the study of the work through a comparison with important stock-breeding and market-gardening societies. The second part deals with the affects of cultural pauperization and with the emerging pathologies bound to methods of popularization and to paradoxes conveyed by national politics of economical incitement. Interdisciplinary methods are required to value those politics in order to approximate the psychical costs as well as the tactics of resistance among groups, to the denial of technical cultures
Tine, Marius André. "Utilisations et non-utilisation des TIC en santé : le cas des réseaux de soins en cancérologie : aspects techniques, organisationnels, sociopolitiques et dimension communicationnelle." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131034.
Full textThis research was focused on the use and the non-use of ICT in the cancer care networks in France. To understand these two categories, it’s at first necessary to take into account the circuits and communication processes genealogy. Previous technologies and communication processes are used to evaluate and estimate the networks’ technical offer. The new technologies do not create new exchange circuits. They are only used reinforce the ones already at work. The apprehension of these two categories then requires the analysis of the socio-political and professional aspects of the reforms. The non-use of ICT in cancer care networks can also be explained by a form of social critique produce by the professionals when it comes to developing a new policy. For health professionals the network’s technical offer can be seen as a tool to redefine power centres, in competition context between healthcare institutions and medical specialties. ICT are also used as a monitorin and tracing system by the politics. It is impossible to study the use and the non-use of ICT in the health ca sector without taking into account the incompatibility between medical logic behind doctors’ work and the administrative rationality that outlines the reform. This incompatibility explains why the ICT is not used in man occasions. Finally, note that the research comes to the conclusion that there is a necessity to recognize this category of non-use
Nguyen, Tu Anh. "Sources de la croissance économique : capital matériel, capital humain, ressources naturelles et PTF." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010029.
Full textBoidart, Emeline. "La réglementation des drones civils au niveau international : entre progrès technologiques et problématiques juridiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3033.
Full textToday, unmanned aircrafts are undeniably part of our daily lives. These objects surround us more and more and cross the borders, because it is not only in France that these devices become more and more known, but also in the whole world. Whether they are used for recreational purposes, in the military field or for professional activities, unmanned aircrafts are experiencing strong development, unprecedented growth.This development will consist here of dealing with the subject of civilian commercial UAVs which undoubtedly represent the largest field of unmanned aircraft. Indeed, recreational UAVs, like military ones, have a significant growth, but less than civilian professional unmanned aircrafts.These new technologies have a great potential for many companies which work on service delivery through unmanned aircraft. More and more activities are being developed in many sectors, companies are becoming aware of the work capacity that these devices can represent, and it is important to carry out this promising market.However, it is clear that no activity is really possible without a legal framework. Indeed, in a few years, we have seen the use of UAVs becoming more democratic, especially in France. Current events have shown that this use is sometimes dangerous and careless, with many incidents noted. It is therefore necessary to put in place rules that each user must respect, whether for recreational or professional use.France, and some States in the world, are among the forerunners to work extensively on a regulation. This one is certainly strict, maybe even too much, nevertheless it makes it possible to avoid accidents.However, even today many States have not worked on regulations on the activity of unmanned aircrafts within their territory. This is a serious security problem, since in these States, UAVs activities are carried out whereas no rule has yet been given.Companies are on the front line, they have a real need for regulation to develop their business, working on new technologies. Innovations always need to have a solid legal framework, to know what their scope is.Law goes hand in hand with technological progress, and yet it is often lagging behind innovation. As a result, States are facing ever-increasing growth of UAVs activities on their territory, while no regulation has been introduced. Regulation is therefore necessary for all States, to better regulate the use of unmanned aircraft and to guarantee sufficient security for all.Little by little, States are becoming aware of the importance of putting rules in place, some have done a comprehensive job on the subject, and others are building on them and starting to think about it.Of course, all existing States in the world represent as many regulations, even if some are similar, the right of unmanned aircraft is far from unified. On the contrary, it is multiple and very diverse, which can be a problem in this area.Indeed, it would be necessary to work on a convergence, a harmonization, a consensus between all existing regulations and which are still developing today. It seems obvious that the purpose of this right is to allow full integration of unmanned aircrafts in the world's airspace, among other users of the general air traffic, civilian or military ones.This integration is essential to enable both States and companies to work together on regulatory proposals for a better air traffic management, as well as improved cohabitation of all these new technologies whose activities still have an enormous potential to develop
Bom, Jonathan. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un convoi de véhicules urbains avec accrochage immatériel." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694007.
Full textBom, Jonathan. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un convoi de véhicules urbains avec accrochage immatériel." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00694007/document.
Full textDjerboua, Abdelbaki. "Développement et caractérisation d'un nouveau produit, non-tissé plissé 3D antichoc, insérable dans les vêtements pour la protection." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH1460.
Full textAs part of this research, we investigated the effect of various influence parameters on low-impact Vertilap® non-woven behavior. This material has been developped for the protection of the human body. This new textile product offers the best low-speed impact resistance solutions to fill the gap of competing products on the market, in the field of personal protection. In this respect, a new three-dimensional (3D) fibrous structure made of polyester (PET) material has been developed to enrich or replace the range of protective products. These new 3D fabricated fibrous structures are laminated with needled and spunbonded sheets. The leaves are 100%PET, to obtain a single-component product. Characterization of the physical and mechanical properties of these new 3D fibrous structures, test methods must be developed. Based on human body protection specifications, a methodology has been put in place to test the impact behavior of these new products. In order to answer the replacement question, typical warp knit products were also characterized, and comparisons with other products were made.The results of this study show that Vertilap® nonwovens can be used as an effective material for the protection of the human body because of their high energy absorption capacity at different stages of impact. The studied Vertilap® non-wovens reduce the deformation depth by approximately 44% and the deformation volume by 70% depending on the impact or diameter and the impact energy. The properties of the new 3D fibrous structure are interesting in terms of impact behavior compared to knitted warp fabrics. These results are important requirements for the design of Vertilap® for cushioning and protection applications in protective clothing, shoe soles, etc.There are two parts in this thesis. The first part of the work presents the bibliographic research part and the second part of the work is based on characterization of the behavior and impact performance of the new Vertilap® structure. These performances will be studied, by two methods specially developed as part of this work in the first place, and then a comparative study between this new fibrous structure and another product known on the market, by its protection capacity will be conducted in second place, to position performance in terms of human protection
Cardona, Aurélie. "L'agriculture à l'épreuve de l'écologisation : éléments pour une sociologie des transitions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0132.
Full textIn spite of measures aiming to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, changes in farming practices remain modest while societal concerns continue to rise. The environmental mission assigned to agriculture is complex and subject to interpretation. The growing number of diverse stakeholders turning their attention to farming increases the demands placed on agriculture. In this context, the goal of this thesis is first, to understand how a diversity of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders involve themselves in transition processes towards more environmentally-soundagriculture and second, to understand the effect of their involvement on farmers practices. To achieve this, I relied on a pragmatic approach wich highlights "frictions", as well as "holdfasts" used by stakeholders and makes it possible to give a faithful account of their interpretations and experience of transition processes. Based on a socio-historical analysis and three case-studies from the Paris region, I characterized, first, the conditions of the emergence of movements promoting change in agriculture practices, second, the enrollment processes throught wich the issue of transition makes sense and, third, the changes in terms of both agricultural practices and forms of governance of those changes as well. The study shows that transition processes emerge as the result of adjustements between diverse stakeholders embedded in different communities. This analysis suggests the emergence of a "territoire-based contribution" model of change, where a diversity of stakeholders contributes by their discourse and actions to the ecologization of agriculture in their territoire
Legrand, Nicolas. "Reconsidérer le modèle de stockage compétitif comme outil d’analyse empirique de la volatilité des prix des matières premières." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA012.
Full textThis thesis proposes an empirical and theoretical analysis of commodity price volatility using the competitive storage model with rational expectations. In essence, the underlying storage theory states that commodity prices are likely to spike when inventory levels are low and cannot buffer the market from exogenous shocks. The prime objective pursued in this dissertation is to use statistical tools to confront the storage model with the data in an attempt to gauge the empirical merit of the storage theory, identify its potential flaws and provide possible remedies for improving its explanatory power. In this respect, the variety of econometric strategies employed so far to test the model itself or its theoretical predictions are reviewed in the opening survey (Ch. 2). The subsequent chapters explore three different routes with the aim of increasing the empirical relevance of the storage framework. Chapter 3 rests on the idea that there might exist long-term movements in the raw commodity price series which have nothing to do with the storage theory. This tends to be confirmed by the results obtained by implementing a hybrid estimation method for recovering jointly the model’s deep parameters with those characterizing the trend. In chapter 4 the testing of the storage theory is pushed even further thanks to the development of an empirical strategy to take the storage model to the data on both prices and quantities, for the first time in the literature. Another novelty is that Bayesian methods are used for inference in contrast to the frequentist approaches employed thus far. Hopefully both these innovations should help paving the way for future research in allowing for the estimation of more complex model set-ups. The last chapter is more theoretical as it deals with the storage model extension on the supply side to account for the dynamics of capital accumulation. The key finding is the crowding-out effect of storage on investment
Sadeghi, Mehrdad. "Le journalisme citoyen à l'ère numérique : enjeux de la pratique journalistique de non-professionnels en ligne : étude de cas : les médias citoyens en persan." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30065.
Full textThis academic research focuses on the emergence of contemporary practices in the treatment of online news recently brought within the reach of non-professionals through the development of information and communication technologies, and grouped under the concept of citizen journalism. Two different but complementary approaches constitute the essential basis of this research study: The first approach is to examine the nature and identity of the profession of journalism, its weight and its limits, and its evolution after the emergence of the Web, as well as the arrival of new media technology and its confrontation with information and communication technologies. It also attempts to understand and analyze the essence, characteristics, dimensions and challenges of the uses of amateur journalism brought to the attention of everyone via digital technology. The second approach consists of a case study of citizen media in Persian. It includes several researches and analyses, such as: The sphere of journalism and the media environment in Iran; the way in which Internet is used and the rate of trust of internet-users vis-à-vis the source of online information from citizens; the manner in which Iranian professional journalism receives citizen journalism and ordinary people’s involvement in the current affairs; the priorities of the creators of citizen media, and their own methods of collecting, processing and publishing online information. This thesis also takes into account the limitations, restrictions and identified issues of this new journalism practice in relation to its practitioners
Robles, Belmont Eduardo. "Les Fondations, acteurs de l'émergence des nouvelles technologies dans les pays non hégémoniques : le cas des micro et nanotechnologies au Mexique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691260.
Full textCarbonnel, François. "Évaluation des interventions numériques visant un changement de comportement de santé : un enjeu paradigmatique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30093/document.
Full textTo deal with the exponential increase of chronic diseases caused by health behavior (e.g., smoking, alcoholism, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity), non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) have become essential as a prevention tool and as a complement to treatments. Among these NPIs, behavioral intervention technologies (BIT) open up a promising field to a sustainable change in health behaviour (e.g., connected health devices, smartphone health apps, serious games). Beyond their ergonomics and their features, this thesis focuses on their evaluation in health, from their validation to their surveillance. The first study identifies the existing frameworks proposed around the world to evaluate these BITs and categorizes them, based on their underlying epistemological paradigm. The results show an exponential increase of these frameworks and a lack of consensus or convergence towards a common framework, as it had been the case for the drugs, by the end of the twentieth century. The second study is based on a systematic review used to identify 90 published interventional studies evaluating the benefits and the risks of digital solutions to fight against smoking. The results show that some BITs are effective against smoking but their effectiveness is based on a heterogeneous methodological corpus limiting the significance of the results produced. This heterogeneity is related to the inherent characteristics of the BITs (e.g., employed technologies and combination of technologies, multiplicity of the theories to change health behavior), to the chosen assessment methods (e.g., kind of control group, follow-up time) and to the chosen outcome measures (e.g., smoking reduction, smoking cessation). The discussion is focused on the current limitations to demonstrate the effectiveness and the risks of the BITs., due to parallel paradigmatic approaches, the biomedical paradigm, the engineering paradigm and the behavioral paradigm. The lack of consensus limits the comparability and the reproducibility of the results of the studies evaluating these BITs. Most of them are still gadgets, despite a promising potential, as predicted by the manufacturers. This thesis promotes the convergence to a consensual framework to determine the evidence-based benefits and risks of each BITs and introduces proposals to this effect
Wirth, Marco Andreas Alwin. "Additive Fertigung: Technologie, Markt und Innovation." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155970.
Full textAdditive manufacturing—commonly known as “3D printing”—denotes a manufacturing technology that facilitates the production of physical objects from digital three-dimensional blueprints. Layer manufacturing is the basic principle of the production process of all additive manufactured objects. Major benefits of this technology are that it allows for the creation of very complex models and its flexibility for various design geometries. Today, for the first time, the increasing number of 3D printing service providers and the constantly growing range of affordable printers for home use, make this technology available to consumers, whereas the high costs limited the use to large enterprises in the past. Therefore, this technology is raising more and more public attention. Presently science and research focuses primarily on questions regarding materials and processes, while ignoring or missing out the discussion about economic and social impact. Therefore, this dissertation examines and focusses on the aspect of possible implications and consequences of the technology. The thesis starts by introducing the main aspects of the technology, to establish a common understanding, which is key for understanding the dissertation. Followed by the description of specific techniques and processes, different terminologies of additive manufacturing are introduced to describe in detail how they are related. In the further course the additive manufacturing value chain, its development, and involved stakeholders are outlined. Subsequent diverse business models out of the additive manufacturing context are systematically visualized and elucidated. Another important aspect are expectable economic potentials that can be deduced by a number of technical characteristics. A conclusion that can be drawn is that the room to maneuver is extended with regard to complexity, efficiency enhancement, and variety of versions. Insights gained hereby are also utilized to analyze two representatives of the branch of industry by way of example. Thereafter, the additive manufacturing value chain, its development, and involved stakeholders are outlined. Diverse business models of the additive manufacturing are depicted and explained systematically. Another important aspect is possible future economic potentials that can be deduced by several technical characteristics. The conclusion of the findings show, that there is room for growth with regard to complexity, enhancement of efficiency, and variety of versions. Furthermore, the learnings are the basis for a detailed analysis of two representatives of this industry by way of examples and case studies. One of the cases deals with the popular online platform and community Thingiverse that offers a platform for publishing, sharing, access, and remixing a broad range of printable digital models. The term remixing—originally known from the music domain—is very often used in various emerging open online platforms to describe the phenomenon of repurposing existing materials to create something new. However, despite its obvious relevance for the number and quality of innovations on such platforms, little is known about the process of remixing and its contextual factors. For that reason, an explorative study of remixing activities on the platform was conducted and is presented. Based on the findings of these empirically observed phenomena, a set of five theoretical propositions, practical recommendations and managerial implications are formulated. Predominant in the analysis are the role of remixes in design communities, the different patterns of remixing processes, the platform features that facilitate remixes, and the profile of the remixing platform’s users. Due to disappointed expectations regarding home use 3D printing this democratic form of production has received only little attention. However, not focusing on the technology itself but on the hobbyist users reveals new insights on underlying innovation processes. The findings of a qualitative study with more than 75 designers show amongst other findings, that designers have already internalized the concept of remixing and apply it in various contexts, even beyond the platform. An additional contribution that extends previous research on innovation processes is the identification and description of six different remix processes that can be differentiated by means of the features skill level, trigger and motivation
MARTÍŠEK, Petr. "Inovace v obchodě." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-187570.
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