Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innovation – Aspect environnemental'
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Glandières, Anne. "Qualité et environnement : innovation de produit et dynamique organisationnelle dans l'alimentaire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/698/.
Full textGrowing environmental preoccupations and a rapid evolution in food consumption tendancies have led us to analyse the strict interdependance between farming and food production with regards to the natural environment. Environmentaly friendly food products are the result of modifications in production practices, that we consider to be a technological change within the farm, and thus add a social fonction to the food function, making these products highly specific. The major stake in developing these products will be to suceed in showing their economic and commercial value. From varius examples of organic or integrated products, we have made an attempt to list the quality conditions requiered for these products. These conditions are established through coordination between agents and quality agreements based on trust. But new technological changes in environmentally friendly farming practices are going to make production structures evolve because they necessitate individual and collective learning. This evolution can lead to new forms of business organizations in order to maintain the specificity of theses products to the end consumer. Observing varius examples allow us to suggest some ways to develop these products
Brouillat, Eric. "Dynamique industrielle et innovation environnementale : le cas de la prévention des déchets." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40034.
Full textWaste prevention is discussed through a review of the mergence and diffusion dunamics of "green products", i. E. Eco-designed products less polluting at the end of life. Our study is structured around two central pillars : an analysis of the innovation process at the center of technological change and a study of the interactions amongst the key players of the product life cycle. Our approach is based on a stylised framework of waste prevention focusing as multi-features technologies. Their technological dynamics wil depend on firms' innovation strategies linked to consumers and post- consumer activities in a context of regulatory pressure. On this basis, we study the dynamics of waste prevention with a micro-simulation model. The development of green products is analysed through processes involving multiple compromises and trade-off brtween the technological and the regulatory dimensions and the consumer demand. This dynamic approach provides us with insights about effectiveness of the environmental innovation strategies of firms competing in a market. It also highlights the main determinants of their technological, economic and environmental performance and the effects on the dynamics of a regulation based on the extended producer responsability principle
Mehamli, Amara. "Les déterminants de l'innovation environnementale : application au secteur des détergents et produits d'entretien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1047.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to determine the relevant factors of environmental product innovation. This new more complex innovation, which requires environmental and competitiveness performance for its development and diffusion, occupies a more and more central place in the firm. We have in this work particularly analyzed the effectiveness of voluntary approaches (namely the European Ecolabel certification) on the innovation of products in the firm and, at the same time, identified the key determinants to adoption of this ecolabel. We focused our analysis on the detergents and maintenance-products sector in France. This study is a part of an evolutionary approach and considers the process of technical change (development and diffusion of European Ecolabel certified product) to be a complex and uncertain process incorporating different factors in co-evolution, beyond a limited conception of the role of environmental policies. The case study shows the role of the firm strategy in the process of technical change. The empirical analysis confirms the role of this determinant (strategy of suppliers of bimolecular substances) and presents, moreover, the importance of regulation (REACH…), the benefits of certification (brand image) and demand as key factors in adoption of this ecolabel certification. Indeed, although this voluntary policy drives some firms to innovation, the environmental performance and accession by most firms in this sector remains a challenge. In the current context, firms which have used biomolecular substances, under suppliers' strategic influence, have developed green products but not systematically European Ecolabel certified products
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048/document.
Full textThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Kedjar, Malia. "Essais sur les déterminants de l'éco-innovation : une application aux entreprises françaises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC020.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the factors that trigger the development of eco-innovations for the case of French firms. We have addressed this question in different contexts using original data. We contribute to the empirical literature by focusing on entrepreneurial and spatial aspects. The main results show that environmental policy instruments have a different impact on the types of eco-innovations (waste treatment, renewable energy and climate change mitigation technologies) and that eco-innovations are not always profitable for firms. Hence, it is essential to adjust public policy instruments in a way to improve the profitability of eco-innovations. After carrying out a survey on French start-ups, the results of the analysis have shown that there is a diversity of profiles of eco-innovators. Indeed, firms cluster into five main profiles and exhibit different eco-innovation drivers. We have shown empirically that the different categories of eco-innovators do not have the same difficulties in accessing funds. This led us to conclude that public policies must be designed taking into account the specificity of each profile. We have also shown that the recombination of environmental and non environmental technologies and environmental political support are the main factors explaining the location of eco-innovative firms. Moreover, by applying spatial econometrics we found that there is a clear spatial dependence on their creation while the impact of knowledge spillovers is quite local
Reverdy, Thomas. "L'invention du management environnemental : extension de la qualité industrielle et régulation négociée de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134703.
Full textGimet, Paul. "Gouvernance et leadership des écologies favorables à l'innovation dans le secteur des services à la personne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1103.
Full textIn a constrained environment related to regulations of public policies (diverse and potentially contradictory), our research focuses on the ability of a meta-organization to organize an ecology capable of promoting organizational innovations, by mobilizing two levers governance and leadership. We show that the first lever is represented by a dual governance (formal and informal), open and low-stratified; while the leadership takes a mixed form: vertical-hierarchical and horizontal-shared. A second result is to show that it is through the combination of governance and leadership that the PSP (Home Care Services Association, "Pôle de Services à la Personne") Pole manages to develop the three practices that support innovations (governance helps to orchestrate knowledge capabilities and to strategize while the leadership participates in the development of public policies). In a third result, we show how governance and leadership also foster a fourth practice (or meta-practice), which is a theoretical work (Munir, 2005) to justify mergers and acquisitions, and mobilize a network of allies (experts, services providers, operators, opinion leaders...) for these innovations. This theoretical work is all the more necessary that this sector is particularly marked by tensions deeply rooted in opposing institutional logics. Our fourth contribution is to analyze the role of ethics as a boundary-object (Grenier, 2006) for discussion and some forms of reconciliation around the merger-acquisition as a solution to the future of this sector
Tran, Nam-Quoc. "Essays on environmental performance and productivity of firms : applications to Vietnamese SMEs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB014.
Full textThis thesis aims to examine the impacts of environmental performance on economic performance of firms which apply to Vietnamese SMEs. In addition, this thesis also develops a theoretical model of tax on firm’s emissions, bribery, and political connection. Chapter 2 examines the synergy effects of environmental compliance, innovation, and export activities on firm TFP. This study finds that the synergy of environmental compliance and product innovation is complementary in explaining firm’s TFP. In addition, the impact of the synergy of export activities and environmental compliance may be influenced by innovation. Chapter 3 presents the impact of these synergies on firm’s survivability. This work reveals that the synergy between environmental compliance and export activities is complementary in enhancing firm survival. The latter may be also affected by separated environmental compliance. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of environmental compliance on firm’s productivity convergence. Its findings indicate that environmental compliance may not directly affect this convergence. This impact may become to be significant if this compliance is accompanied by innovation. Finally, in Chapter 5, we develop a theoretical model of the relationship between emission tax, emissions and willingness to commit bribery and to maintain political connection of firms. The result points out that firm’s political connection canaffect emission tax efficiency. Furthermore, the impacts of tax on bribery and political connection are non-monotonous, depending upon the nature of audit and penalty mechanism, sensitivity of firm’s profit and political connection costs
Gahlam, Nadia. "L'entrepreneuriat durable : essai de modélisation d'un processus innovant." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIME001/document.
Full textThe notion of sustainable development is today a central concern of the population and the public authorities. Sustainable entrepreneurship is a form of response to this concern through the integration of sustainable development standards into the core business of the company. This type of business comes to meet economic, social and environmental objectives. Sustainable entrepreneurship research has been particularly interested in the profile of the sustainable entrepreneur. However, the research did not ask enough about how it works. It is considered the breaking agent through the introduction of eco-innovations. Innovation therefore appears as a solution to social and environmental issues. But this is not enough to consider this entrepreneurial phenomenon as an innovative form. This thesis attempts to fill these gaps by modeling, the sustainable entrepreneurial process. In addition, the borrowing of a theory of innovation "C-K Theory" makes it possible to bring the sustainable entrepreneurial process closer to the CK innovative design process in order to determine the innovative nature of sustainable entrepreneurship
Fouossong, nguetoum Laetitia. "Stratégie d’entreprise et partenariats innovants pour le développement durable : un guide pour la construction d’une stratégie d’entreprise responsable." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV071/document.
Full textAn increasing number of organizations want to commit fully to a more sustainable practice of business, and attempt to profoundly change the way they operate. For those, it is the assumption of the work that the whole society has a duty to implement measures, attitudes and initiatives that will foster the change of behavior and practice. While people steeply increase their demand for responsible practice and governments draw boundaries within which to operate, this work contributes to fulfilling the academia’s duty, by offering guidance to organizations on how to move out of business – as - usual to create and appropriate a corporate strategy that integrates sustainability considerations. For the purpose, it investigates how organizations can effectively integrate sustainability considerations into their inner corporate strategy, and identifies new resources, processes and incentives that can foster the change towards a more responsible practice of business
Tyl, Benjamin. "L’apport de la créativité dans les processus d’éco-innovation : proposition de l’outil EcoASIT pour favoriser l’éco-idéation de systèmes durables." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14432/document.
Full textToday the challenges of sustainable development require new offers and new uses to be developed within the framework of an eco-innovation process, integrating environmental and societal approaches.The aim of this thesis is to study the advantages of using creativity tools to foster new concepts and ideas generation phases in eco-innovation processes.From a state of the art of the concept of eco-innovation and of the eco-innovation tools, we show that although there are many tools, few of them actually focus on the idea generation stage, or ideation, and few make it possible to stimulate all the axes of sustainable development.To fix this, our research relies on an adaptation of the creativity ASIT tool to EcoASIT. This adaptation is defended conceptually by showing the theoretical affiliations between the two methods, and experimentally by presenting the results of our different tests. We prove that the EcoASIT tool has great potential in terms of eco-innovation by efficiently stimulating the ideation stages with regard to all the aspects of sustainable development
Garcia, Julien. "Développement d'une méthode d'évaluation de la performance environnementale des innovations incrémentales." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0004/document.
Full textSustainable development is the conceptualization of transition imposed from human society towards a sustainableway of development for the world to find a solution to the crisis of the Environment. In this regard, ecodesign isone of the solutions that the industrial and business world proposes to implement. It consists of taking into accountthe environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product (good or service) in the design of it. Integratingthe Environment dimension raises a triple complexity: (i) the one related to the multi-criteria nature of theEnvironment dimension, (ii) the one related to understanding the Environment dimension by actors designingproducts who may resist and be a barrier to successful integration, and (iii) the one related to process design andinnovation of a product, especially in the case of complex products. But despite the multitude of ecodesign toolsthat has been developed, few research topics are interested in taking into account both technical and organizationalaspects, while integrating environment in the innovation phase of a complex product. Therefore this thesis aims toexperiment, by a car manufacturer, an integration strategy of the environmental evaluation of incrementalinnovations, named E3PICS (Methodology of an Evolutive integration of the Evaluation of the EnvironmentalPerformances of Innovative Complex Sub-systems). Framed by constraints on the technical and organizationalconstraints, E3PICS strategy employs a progressive approach to integrate a scalable ecodesign repository inadvanced process engineering of innovative features that are connected to development projects vehicles. The firststep is the iterative design of the scalable ecodesign repository with the ecodesign team (in the EnvironmentDepartment) and innovation leaders, allowing cross learning. The second step is to accompany all the innovationleaders in the systematic use of the ecodesign repository. The third step is to develop an analytical tool for assessingthe impact of innovations on the recycling end of life vehicles. It requires the creation of models of vehicles tobypass the lack of data on the complete system under design and project impact. The fourth and final step is thedevelopment of a second analytical tool for assessing the impact of innovations on environmental performanceover the life cycle of vehicles. Similarly, the tool requires a method of developing environmental models ofvehicles; however, for environmental impacts calculated on the life cycle, unlike recyclability which is calculatedon the vehicle end of life, these models are based on the treatment by hierarchical clustering of vehicle life cycleassessment results . The experiments were performed at PSA Peugeot Citroen. The E3PICS strategy has helped tointegrate the processes of innovation using the eco-design repository and systematize its use in the context of asustainable continuous improvement of vehicle manufacturer
Dos, Santos Cagarelho Nicolas. "Les droits français et européen à l'épreuve de l'innovation scientifique en matière agricole végétale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020062.
Full textFrench agriculture, which perpetuated an after-war objective of established efficiency criteria, was guided by the search for a greater productivity. This direction, promoted by both the Common Agricultural Policy and the globalisation of the markets, was mostly driven by States with strong agricultural potentials, especially France playing a leading role. This evolution was guided by scientific and technology innovations, carried by three initial promoters: the public authorities, the agricultural sector and industrial groups. Scientific innovations, in an effort to protect the plants and improve the quality of vegetables, triggered a growing involvement of public authorities which faced alerts from environmental activists and increasing public opinion on the matter. The expansion of a national legislation has been followed up over the last twenty years by a growing European regulation. The latter aims at establishing a compromise between health and food safety as well as protecting the environment and industrial progress. It also questions the coherence of the existing legal framework for agricultural crops applied to the French territory, the current legislation on scientific innovations for plant agriculture and it's possible limits. This thesis deals with 'The French and European Law Facing Scientific Innovation for Plant Agriculture'
Real, Marion. "Accompagner la maturation des concepts au sein des processus d’éco-innovation : proposition de la méthode MIRAS, pour aider à surmonter les fixations collectives et explorer les réseaux de parties prenantes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0261/document.
Full textDuring the development of eco-innovations, companies are looking to implement a new activity that can create ruptures with its existing practices and cause many changes in their business model. In such complex situations, the stakeholders of emerging projects have some difficulties to consciously deviate from existing cognitive frameworks to explore alternatives in line with the initial goals of the project. Thus, they take trajectories that may lead to a dilution of the environmental and social values or cause the abandonment of projects. The work presented here focuses on the maturation of eco-innovative concepts and seeks to develop tools and methods to avoid and overcome such situations called collective fixations.The methodological approach is based on an action research conducted in the organization Apesa and structured in two steps:- The analysis of three case-studies of eco-innovative projects allowed us to characterize supporting practices and deepen our knowledge on the collective fixation present during the maturation of concepts.- This first study has fueled the design process of the MIRAS method, the main contribution of our research.The MIRAS method offers a toolkit designed for eco-innovation intermediaries in order to help them to structure their intervention during the stage of concept maturation. Specifically the tools help to improve the sustainability potential of concepts, to analyze project group behaviors during sessions and to revisit stakeholder networks so as to anticipate future mutations and news ways of incubation
Coustillac, Lili. "Méthodes et outils pour soutenir l’éco-conception dans un laboratoire d’innovation industriel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2784.
Full textTo remain competitive, companies must be innovative and regularly offer new products, services, processes, etc. If, for a long-time, innovation has focused on the technical dimension, today it relies on three main levers: prices, technology and uses. Recently, sustainable innovation, which consists in innovating while considering the environmental impacts, is also considered as an additional innovation lever. To meet these new demands, particularly around innovation through use and sustainable innovation, companies are no longer wondering if they should innovate but rather how to do so. They “seek to renew their methods of innovation and creation”. New methods and tools are deployed in an industrial context. One of the practices proposed is the establishment of new places, dedicated to innovation, inspired by the maker movement such as FabLabs, Living labs, Hackerspaces, Makerspaces, ... These new spaces, supported by various actors, renew the modalities of innovation and creation through the implementation of collaborative and iterative processes. Their objectives are to put uses back at the heart of innovation processes, to focus the process on the user and his needs, to give a new impetus to the exploration and innovation processes of companies, to upgrade practical skills and adapt to a context of deindustrialization. To achieve these objectives, these innovation laboratories are based on three main pillars: a place characterized by a particular architecture, layout and decor that influence the behavior of participants; a team composed of diverse and heterogeneous actors such as researchers, engineers as well as experts in methods and tools of creativity and prototyping and finally methods to facilitate and support the generation of ideas and group work, notably through co-creativity sessions. In the context of sustainable innovation, very few tools are adapted to the practices of these new places of innovation. Indeed, innovation laboratories support the generation of ideas and first concepts while eco-innovation or eco-design tools such as Life Cycle Assessment, are based on the assessment of the environmental impacts of products. We propose to develop an eco-creativity tool that aims to accompany the participants of a co-creativity session to generate new ideas, original, respectful of environment and adapted to the context in which they manifest. To evaluate the effects of the introduction of such a tool during co-creativity sessions, a comprehensive analysis methodology of these sessions was developed. To carry out this work, we have integrated the Clean Mobility LAB, innovation laboratory of a large international automotive equipment engineering and production group, FORVIA FAURECIA
Arcuset, Laurent. "La prise en compte de la diversité des acteurs dans un processus de tourisme durable." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989600.
Full textBisiaux, Justine. "La transition vers l'innovation soutenable pour les entreprises industrielles : une approche par les business models : application au domaine du génie industriel." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2216/document.
Full textOver the past decades, a new context in favor of sustainable development emerged. New models of consumption and production are developed. This shift from intensive innovation to sustainable innovation leads some companies to rethink their business model. However, this business model evolution requires strategic and organizational changes that some companies fail to overcome. These companies’ situations reveal a double challenge : the need to characterize sustainable innovation on the one hand and defining a strategy for disseminating sustainable innovation on the other hand.To characterize sustainable innovation, three notions are mobilized : the business model, sustainability and functionality. The results of this exploration suggest the use of the business modelas an intermediary object to promote the co-construction and the evolution of business models. The study of sustainable led us to associate functional economy - servicial business model - to eco-design- environmental design - as a declination of sustainable innovation. Functionality concept analysis revealed the complementarity of functional economy and eco-design approaches. This allows us to define new offers from the use-values point of view. The exploration of these three notions also leads to propose a paradigm shift in favor of sustainable paradigm. This paradigm shift is followed by the development and characterization of business models trajectories. These trajectories guide companies in achieving the highest levels of sustainable innovation on the long term. These theoretical results were used to develop a method called Business Model Explorer for Sustainability (BMES). The BMES method allows companies to develop sustainable business models and to define trajectories toward these business models. The method is based on the upgradability concept as operational application of sustainable innovation. The method was developed and tested with the two industrial partners of IDCyclUM project : Neopost and Rowenta. One of the main proposed research perspectives is to continue defining sustainable innovation. This concept remains indeed ambiguous and there is still no consensus about its definition at present
Barros, de Mendonça Sávio. "Modèle conceptuel d'évaluation de l'impact de l'innovation : basé sur des études de cas des organisations de recherche agricole en France, Brésil et Australie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG021/document.
Full textAgricultural research has an important role for the world population by considering it as a strategic area for providing knowledge and technological base for agricultural production. This sector generates outputs, outcomes with respective impacts to rural zones, supply chains, economy, society and environment. The agricultural research & innovation represents a key piece for reaching the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDG), especially to SDG 2 and 12 – to promote sustainable agricultural to eliminate hunger and improving nutrition, as well as to promote sustainable consumption and production, respectively. In order to check whether agricultural research organizations generate sustainable impacts, it is necessary to assess the impacts of their innovations. Funders, supreme auditing institutions, parliament, government, producers, supply chains, consumers and all society require transparency, efficacity, and effectivity of public organizations: they must highlight return of public investment as well as generate positive impact to the economy and society, and minimize negative impacts to the environment. Many public research organizations around the world have developed impact assessment processes. There is no flawed theories and practices approaches to impact assessment context. Therefore, this research seeks to fill gaps or to supplement the existing approaches. The main thesis objective is to summarize theoretical and practical studied approaches on impact assessment, including the experiences of four research organizations, and to develop a conceptual model of innovation impact assessment management system, especially applicable to agricultural research organizations. It adopts a methodology based on literature review, four cases of a comparative study of agricultural research organizations (Cirad and Inra from France, Embrapa from Brazil, and CSIRO from Australia), and benchmarking these experiences studied. The innovative contributions of this thesis are I. construction of a conceptual model of an impact assessment management system based on the open innovation process; II. the model of innovation impact assessment management system considers a cross-cut view of sustainability, integrating the environmental, social, political and economic dimensions; III. the innovation impact assessment system will be based on a unique managerial process that regards ex-ante and ex-post assessment stages according to its respective temporality; IV. the management of the innovation and impact assessment processes foresees the insertion of behavioral approaches such as concepts of holism, constructivism, transdisciplinarity and agile management practices as essential requirements for the effective engagement of the internal and external actors and the effectiveness of the evaluation process. This thesis has an original approach by bringing a research governance tool with an innovative focus on ex-ante and ex-post impact management, helping research and innovation organizations to become increasingly sustainable in their institutional missions, thus contributing to the achievement of the UN's sustainable development goals towards more productive and sustainable agriculture
Galand, Nathalie. "Inventer l'agriculture de territoire : étude des Parcs naturels régionaux de Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2127/document.
Full textRural territories experience numerous developments due to their demographic and social evolution. In Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, farming is under pressure while it plays an important part in cultural identity and participates in maintaining biodiversity. This Mediterranean region has numerous Regional Natural Parks (Parcs Naturels Régionaux, PNR) whose aim is to ensure a balanced development on their premises. This thesis intends to look into the cases of five PNR with very different situations between coastal marshes, hills and mountains (Alpilles, Camargues, Luberon, Verdon and Queyras). The place of agriculture evolves with different but complementary expectations. Environmental, legacy or local agriculture, it is in other words a territory based agriculture which is being built by the actions led within the parks. To reach this goal, working methods are invented and used to gather energies and make the territory based agriculture a more tangible reality. These methods are nevertheless limited by difficulties of positioning on the institutionnal stage or by lack of resources. Their scope of application remains vast and offers some possibilities to keep strenghtening the links between agriculture and territory
Kasmi, Fédoua. "Écologie industrielle, milieu éco-innovateur et diversification de l'économie territoriale : le cas du complexe industrialo-portuaire de Dunkerque." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0488/document.
Full textIndustrial ecology includes a set of practices aimed at reducing polluting industrial discharges and stands today as a possible way for the transition of industrial system towards a more sustainable operating mode, inspired by natural ecosystems. Its implementation can also be at the origin of innovation dynamics favorable to the development and diversification of territories, especially industrial ones. Industrial ecology is generally studied from the view of its industrial organization (organization of input and output flows, institutional framework and organization of cooperation between companies) and the environmental impacts it entails (economy of materials, recycling, etc.). In this thesis, we study its potential in terms of territorial economic development. For this purpose, we build a theoretical and conceptual framework to highlight the role of industrial ecology as a driver for development and diversification of territories. We propose a new analytical model based on the concept of eco-innovative milieu. This concept, built by crossing the literature on industrial ecology and theories of territorial economy and innovation, explains the mechanisms by which industrial ecology can promote territorial attractiveness and eco-innovation dynamics. It is the foundation on which our hypotheses are based. This model of analysis is applied to the industrialo-port complex of Dunkirk, a territory with strong industrial specialization in search of new ways of diversification of economic activities. We seek to understand the advantages of industrial ecology for the construction of an "eco-innovative" milieu, in which the effects of agglomeration favor the generation and the attractiveness of new activities thus contributing to a diversification of territorial economy. We adopt a mixed methodology based on the descriptive analysis of two databases of companies and a set of semi-structured interviews with 30 companies and institutions. The empirical study shows that industrial ecology contributes to the development of the characteristics of an eco-innovative milieu in Dunkirk. however, the dynamics of collective learning and eco-innovation specific to eco-innovative milieus remain modest. In addition, a nex dynamic of business creation has developed in Dunkirk since 2014. These new companies are linked to companies in the industrial symbiosis, either by the sector of activity, or by eco-industrial synergies. However, this dynamic only concerns a few units, but tends to validate our analysis. The diversification dynamic based on a related variety highlighted here faces, however, many difficulties. These are related to the operational and organizational aspects of the synergies nut they are also specific to the territory (economic fragility and path dependence). The contribution of industrial ecology to the diversification of industrial territories depends, in our opinion, on the resolution of these difficulties. The development of service activities and adapted territorial governance can contribute to the reduction of these limits. We study the characteristics of the service sector and the governance of the industrial symbiosis in Dunkirk. We end up with a set of recommendations that can be useful for public policies as well as for companies and institutions, in order to strengthen the eco-innovative milieu and foster the innovation dynamics that it promises
Grimal, Laurent. "Protection de l'environnement, innovation et emploi : recherches sur la cohérence de la politique économique." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10054.
Full textPaulino, Sonia Régina. "Réglementation environnementale et processus d'innovation dans le secteur des phytosanitaires." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10045.
Full textIn France as well as in other major world markets, environmental regulations of pesticide products have become progressively tighter, opening up new perspectives for innovative processes and competition. This thesis shows to what extent the adaptation of the product mix (range) to the regulatory framework is part of these changes. The analysis of the regulatory framework and of its changes shows how public intervention takes into account the various dimensions of the environment. The pesticide sector reacts first by restructuring itself and organizing the innovation process so as to fit the new quality standards, along two axes: reaction on the basis of aging technologies or development of new avenues for research. Later, manufacturers attempt to participate in the setting up of new regulations and norms. They differentiate their product mix according to market regulations. If large agro-chemical manufacturers pool their efforts to influence the evolution of the regulatory framework, this evolution may in turn influence their respective competitiveness. This in turn may affect the innovation strategies
Tran, Thi Thanh Huong. "Be innovative to be green : how consumers respond to eco-innovative product designs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A018/document.
Full textThe introduction of eco-innovation is considered an effective way for companies to strategically align themselves with consumers’ increasing environmental concerns. Drawing on the sustainability and innovation literature, this dissertation proposes that product design factors, individual differences, and situational variables, significantly influence consumer responses to eco-innovation. The findings of five online experiments explore the underlying mechanisms of how consumers respond to eco-innovative product designs across various Internet-of-Things product categories. Specifically, we uncover the effect of trade-offs between innovative features and eco-friendly benefits on consumer responses and shine new light on the moderating role of consumer beliefs about eco-friendly product effectiveness (Study 1). Our results also show that different types of eco-friendly attributes in new product designs trigger different consumer responses (Study 2). Moreover, this dissertation sheds light on the nature of eco-friendly consumer innovativeness and its interaction effects with perceived trade-offs in eco-innovative product designs on consumers’ product evaluation and purchase intentions (Study 3). We also document consumers’ associations between detachability of an eco-friendly attribute on consumer responses (Study 4). Finally, we highlight that consumers’ evaluations of eco-innovation hinge on ecological country of manufacture and its congruence with product eco-friendliness (Study 5). The dissertation concludes with theoretical and managerial implications, such as advice for firms on the best practices for competitive advantage achievement in an eco-innovation context
Saint-Ges, Véronique. "Innovations environnementales dans la viticulture : une lecture économique du cas girondin." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40030.
Full textKusnetsova, Elizaveta. "Microgrid agent-based modelling and optimization under uncertainty." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS005S.
Full textThis thesis concerns the energy management of electricity microgrids. The scientific contribution follows two directions: (i) modelling individual intelligence in energy management under uncertainty and (ii) microgrid energy management integrating diverse actors with conflicting objectives. Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) is used to describe the dynamics of microgrid actors operating under limited access to information, and operational and environmental uncertainties. The approaches considered to model individual intelligence in this thesis, Reinforcement Learning and Robust Optimization, provide each agent with the capability of making decision, adapting to the stochastic environment and interacting with other agents. The modelling frameworks developed have been tested on urban microgrids integrating different energy consumers, sources of renewable energy and storage facilities, for optimal energy management in terms of reliability and economic indicators under operational and environmental uncertainty, and components failures
Lamy, Marie-Laure. "Efficacité des politiques environnementales d'incitation à l'adoption de nouvelles techniques : le cas des énergies renouvelables." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21007.
Full textMathieu, Annelise. "L'intégration stratégique du développement durable en entreprise : une source d'éco innovations : étude de cas et analyse factorielle des correspondances." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32044.
Full textAbdourahman, Djama Idyle. "La sélection participative : un mode alternatif d'innovation environnementale en agriculture : trois essais en économie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENE014.
Full textThis thesis provides an economic analysis of an alternative mode of innovation in the seed sector : Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB). PPB is defined as the involvement of users in the plant breeding process and typically consists in the collaboration of farmers and scientists who become co-researchers. These programs aim at developing local varieties adapted to sustainable agriculture.In the seed sector, regulation plays a key role: a stringent market approval process limits the seeds on the market to pre-defined types of varieties. Marketing rules also influence the orientation of plant breeding and limit the exchanges of farmers’ seeds. In chapter 1, the economic rationale of the seed regulation, its limits and possible alternatives are analyzed. Chapter 2 consists of a case study on the farmers’ motivations for participating in PPB projects. This multifaceted question enables to study the economic, environmental and societal issues at stake. Farmers’ motives are indeed directly related to the history of seed research, the limits of the intensive agricultural model and its environmental impacts, the seed industry’s structure and the regulatory framework. Finally, a theoretical model represents the strategic interactions between commercial and farmers’ seeds. The impacts in terms of price, profit, market coverage, pollutions and social welfare are explored
Serret, Ysé. "Prise en compte de la dynamique industrielle dans les politiques de l'environnement : vers un mode de régulation entre incitation économique et démarche volontaire de l'industrie." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010034.
Full textSaint, Jean Maïder. "Émergence et diffusion des technologies propres au sein de relations verticales interfirmes." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40023.
Full textRynikiewicz, Christophe. "Contrainte d'environnement global et changement technique induit : vers des trajectoires d'innovations radicales dans la sidérurgie." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21013.
Full textThis thesis aims to investigate the responses of the steel industry sector to the global carbon constraint (permits, taxes) and specifically the ULCOS (Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking) technologies. The analysis relates more precisely to the conditions of the greening of innovations, the selection of new incremental and radical innovation and the inter-technology competition. It takes into account the uncertainty of the selection environment (evolution of the prices of energy, carbon, raw materials, steel demand, conditions of competition). The influence of the modification of the induced relative prices under different simulations is dealt with a partial equilibrium model. Complementary concepts of industrial economics and investment under uncertainty related to the decision, adoption and diffusion of technologies have been explored. I highlight the promising complementary work of integrating anticipation of actors and imperfect competition. The methodology developed is potentially useful for other sectors (industries of cement, paper, aluminium…). This case study on steelmaking illustrates the theoretical framework of the pluridisciplinary scientific agenda IHDP-Industrial Transformation that combines evolutionary and neoclassical economics of technical change
Park, Jiyeon. "Aménagement du territoire, levier de développement durable : étude comparée des systèmes d'innovation français et sud-coréens dans le processus de métropolisation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG036.
Full textThe development of a Metropolis is very often associated with the construction of a vast territory, which limits it to the simple search for a pertinent perimeter or level. It implies, however, much more. The French intercommunality, that opens up to various forms of cooperation between different territorial entities, is an interesting approach in this respect. France is, indeed, often presented aborad as an example of cooperation and of decentralization, especially in countries with a strong centralizing tradition, such as South Korea. In this perspective, we will carry out comparative case studies mirroring the process of metropolisation in France and in South Korea. Our study seeks to illustrate how to structure the innovation system (IS) according to the co-construction scheme PAS, making it possible, among otherthings, to co-create an ecosystem of exchange, sharing and arbitration -and thus serving as a driving force and optimizing force in an urban system of specialization. Finally, our study aims at orienting spatial planning towards the integrated approach of sustainable development
Carton, Christine. "Dynamique de croissance, environnement technologique et accumulation en Asie : le rôle de l'éducation : Doctorat de Sciences économiques." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0025.
Full textValenzuela, de Pisano Ileana. "Elements pour une strategie d'ecodeveloppement agroforestier au guatemala." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0013.
Full textAgricultural expansion and deforestation are complex processes. They are interlinked with different political, economic and social factors at local, national and interna- tional levels. This thesis is a preliminary and not exhastive attempt to analyse these problems in a global and systemic perspective. It studies one local case in peten guatemala, demostrating how agricultural modernization, tropical forest colonization and exportation led-growth have not been historically, the right answers to guatemalan forest development. On the contrary, they have given rise to poverty, violence and environmental degradation all over the country. Following the ecodevelopment principles the thesis proposes some elements of an agroforestry strategy to stop agricultural expansin and tropical forest deforestation. This strategy cant bi an up-down directional model. It has to articulate the global paradigme with democratic decision making at regional and local levels. It has also to coordinate social development with environmental items, promoting the political, institutional and technological changes needed for a sustainable forest development to exist. Finally, the thesis comes to the conclusion that only the peoples's participation and organization would allow a pressure strong enough over the different institutions and governements so as to make them to start implementing these changes. The thesis has four chapters, the firs studies the mains agricultural policies since the 1950s and their influence on the forest and on the living conditions of the rural people. It shows also, briefly, how the united state's agricultural policies had in, fluenced the guatemalan agricultural policies. The second chapter analyzes the agroforestry systems as a possible tool for building a sustainable forest development. The third sudies peten, inorder to undersatnd how the national agricultural policies have influenced the local development. Finally in the conclusions, the thesis proposes some elements for an agroforestry ecodevelopment strategy in guatemala
Brécard, Dorothée. "L'environnement, nouvelle dimension de la compétition économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010053.
Full textDo environmental policies lead to a reduction of the competitiveness of the polluting firms ? The theory of industrial organization, with its processing of products differenciation, of research and development and of adoption of new technologies, is particularly adapted to answer this question. The environmental policy modifies the arbitration of the firm on the goods market (price, quantity, quality and variety) and, upstream, between its technological choices. It has an effect on the market structure and on the position of polluting firms. Thus, it constitutes a new incentive source for the firms who want to keep their market shares. In this thesis, we lead a reflection in two steps : in the first part, we show how the industrial economics with its microeconomic modelisation of differentiation and innovation helps to deal with our subject ; in the second part, we build specific models of competition for innovation based on some empirical studies to settle the debate. Our models take the form of three stage games between two firms, each of them located in different countries, and the regulator of each country. In the first stage of the game, the regulators choose the level of the environmental tax to impose on their polluting firms. This stage is conditioned by their will to cooperate to wrestle with pollution. Taking as given the tax level(s), firms are engaged in an innovation race to win a patent for the utilization of a clean technology. At the end of this stage, firms compete on the good market (competition a la cournot or a la bertrand, homogeneous or differentiated market). We show the important role of the tax and of the ecological consciousness of consumers in the firms incentive to innovate. We determine the optimal cooperative or non cooperative policies
Souissi, Amel. "Enjeux économiques et environnementaux du tourisme en Tunisie : le cas de l’oasis de Tozeur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE004.
Full textTourism, the world's leading industry with 1186 million international arrivals in 2015, is recognized as the priority sector of development of the LCDs (Least Developed Countries) through its direct, indirect and induced effects. Since the late 1960s, Tunisia has opted for a development strategy based on tourism activities. Since the early 1970s, tourism has been a key sector of the Tunisian economy: the deficit’s rate of coverage of the payments’ balance reached 97.7% in 1988. However, since the early 2000s, Tunisian tourism suffers from a low quality brand image, a strong dependence on the European market and major tour operators and a lack of diversification. The achievements of this sector, which has been for a long time considered as a vector of economic growth, seem to be overestimated.To overcome these problems, the State has chosen, since the late 1980s, a national strategy of diversification through the setting in tourism of Southern Tunisia. Currently, this part of the country became a tourist area of high standards including a golf course of 150 hectares and an international airport. However, the choice of tourism-oriented development is of concern, given the characteristics of the Saharan environment and the way in which Saharan tourism is marketed.This thesis aims to analyze, from an economic point of view, and to evaluate the suitability and relevance of the strategic choices which have been made in the tourism sector, particularly in the Saharan zone, taking into account the nature of the milieu characterized by an arid climate. The economic, environmental and social impact of tourism on these fragile environments could be particularly critical.Economically: on the one hand, this choice corresponds to a commodification of an exhaustible natural stock, whose existence is conditioned by access to water, which has created rivalry and conflicts in the use of the resource between the two sectors, namely, tourism and agriculture. On the other hand, the short duration of stay which does not exceed on average 1.3 days, can limit the positive fallout of tourism in these regions.Environmentally: the rival but not exclusive character of water would place it in the category of "common goods" whose availability can be influenced by the "mass effects", which leads us to consider a risk of "tragedy of commons".Socially: in addition to the social distortions that can arise in situations of usage conflicts around the resource, the jobs created in this sector are seasonal and low-skilled, which may negatively affect a real local development process in these regions.In our analyses, we used several theoretical and empirical methodological tools and approaches within a macroeconomic framework. We have mainly used cointegration techniques and error correction models adapted to the study of time series in addition to statistical analyses over the period between 1970 and 2014
Schembri, Patrick. "Le processus de destructuration créatrice dans les modèles de croissance économique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010086.
Full textThis thesis confronts present economic and ecological concerns, taking into consideration the origin and the role of technical change in economic growth theories. It also shows the influence which the schumpeterian innovation theory has on recent economic growth models and its implications as far as the requirements of ecological sustainability are concerned. From this point of view the current research firstly treats the way in which technical progress becomes endogenous in new growth theories, underlining the link between the definition of technical change and the framework of general balance. Then, the research consists of opening the analytical framework of economic growth to problems concerning respectively the creation of technologies and the diffusion of technologies
Yokessa, Maïmouna. "Politiques environnementales et alimentation : que nous apprennent les préférences des consommateurs ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA023.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation focuses on consumers’ behavior towards the environment through food choices, to determine the most appropriate policies to limit the impact of the food system on the environment. This dissertation consists of four articles that study the monetary valuation of environmental characteristics by consumers, and the choices of public policy instruments related to these valuations.The first article, through a review of the literature, shows that the proliferation of eco-labels and the complexity of environmental information impede the ability of these eco-labels to influence consumers’ behaviors.In this context, the tax and subsidy mechanisms appear as an alternative solution which is studied in this dissertation by integrating experimental results. The rest of this dissertation examines the experimental results concerning the revelation of environmental messages and the monetary valuation of different dairy products. These experimental results related to dairy products are used to calculate taxes and subsidies that maximize consumers’ welfare.The second article studies how environmental messages influence consumer preferences, using an online choice experiment and a lab experiment. These two experiences show relative stability of preferences, especially when it comes to the significant decrease in the willingness to pay for the basic product, following the disclosure of information on the environmental consequences of the products.The third article focuses on two laboratory experiments when the number of offered products varies. The second experiment incorporates new products guaranteeing an equitable price sharing in the dairy production chain. It is shown that the monetary valuations for environmental criteria are dominated by higher valuation for health or for social criteria regarding the fair sharing of the value in the production chain.The fourth article uses the preferences revealed in one of the previous experiments around dairy products to calculate taxes and subsidies that maximize the consumers’ welfare. The levels of taxation estimated with our work are significantly higher than those that could be estimated by using the carbon prices advised by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).These four articles help to quantify public policy options applied to a specific type of product, and by taking into account market mechanisms
Hilt, Mélodie. "Évaluation des bénéfices économiques et environnementaux de l'intégration à la production de béton prêt à l'emploi d'un système de contrôle continu situé à l'intérieur d'une bétonnière." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34581.
Full textSeveral factors can affect the behavior and properties of fresh concrete during transportation from the production plant to the job site, such as weather conditions, delivery conditions or the human factor. To overcome this phenomenon, Denis Beaupré has developed a rheological probe that is fixed inside the drum of concrete mixers, allowing continuous monitoring of the properties of fresh concrete. In this context, this study proposes an assessment of the economic and environmental benefits of integrating this system into concrete production. The economic impact is first studied by comparing the time spent by trucks with and without probe at 4 distinct stages of the delivery process. On-site truck waiting time is reduced by a minimum of 24.4% in the study, thanks to the use of the probe. The optimization of time generates an immediate economic gain of more than 180 000 dollars per year for a single concrete production plant. The experimental part showed that the priming is influenced linearly by the value of the slump of the concrete whereas the unloading volume per turn seems to be more influenced by the truck itself. For the truck and the subsidence range studied, the concrete pressure exerted on the probe is no longer detected below 3m3 of loading. The Environmental Product Declaration of Ready-Mix Concrete is used to quantify potential gains. The environmental impact of 1 m3 of fresh concrete is improved by 9% with the assumption that the probe can reduce the margin of safety of the expected compressive strength at 28 days. Finally, reducing this margin of safety by 5 MPa thanks to the probe has substantially the same environmental benefit as replacing 15% of the cement with fly ash.
Cardona, Aurélie. "L'agriculture à l'épreuve de l'écologisation : éléments pour une sociologie des transitions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0132.
Full textIn spite of measures aiming to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, changes in farming practices remain modest while societal concerns continue to rise. The environmental mission assigned to agriculture is complex and subject to interpretation. The growing number of diverse stakeholders turning their attention to farming increases the demands placed on agriculture. In this context, the goal of this thesis is first, to understand how a diversity of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders involve themselves in transition processes towards more environmentally-soundagriculture and second, to understand the effect of their involvement on farmers practices. To achieve this, I relied on a pragmatic approach wich highlights "frictions", as well as "holdfasts" used by stakeholders and makes it possible to give a faithful account of their interpretations and experience of transition processes. Based on a socio-historical analysis and three case-studies from the Paris region, I characterized, first, the conditions of the emergence of movements promoting change in agriculture practices, second, the enrollment processes throught wich the issue of transition makes sense and, third, the changes in terms of both agricultural practices and forms of governance of those changes as well. The study shows that transition processes emerge as the result of adjustements between diverse stakeholders embedded in different communities. This analysis suggests the emergence of a "territoire-based contribution" model of change, where a diversity of stakeholders contributes by their discourse and actions to the ecologization of agriculture in their territoire
Zattoni, Olivier. "Cyberespace et paysage : regards croisés sur la ville et les environnements digitaux." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2041/document.
Full textThis research focuses on symbolic, artistic and representational issues linked to Web and connected systems, such as mobile phones and tablets. Because the screen, i.e. the monitor, is now considered in its mobility, it has to be perceived as a window opened toward the outside. However, the monitor also sketches a lanscape where cyberespace, beyond its logical nature, has to be combined with a reality that aftermath becomes fragmented and recomposed. This applies to the steps we spread while walking in the street, soon transcribed in data on our smartphone : from a simple walk to a track that edges into the city. In this context, city becomes a kind of text and digital artefacts participate to its rewriting, juxtaposing new maps. As city represents the fragmented and the multiple, cyberspace implies a vision of urbanity where man merges himself with technology in a specific way: virtual worlds, along with videogames, science-fiction litterature and movies bring us back to the cyberpunk movement, and before, with the ’shock’ of cities experienced during the modernity by Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin. This chaos of senses, space and time which defines modern cities is also typical of a technological power that tends to lead the society. Far from orwellian visions, the current advanded technology, although it appears crossed by political, technological and social matters, has to be situated in the context of cybersensbility. Actually in this era of networks and mature technology stands a new vision of technology that implies new practices, new attempts, and makes the cybersensibility concept tangible, as it is opposed to a passive conception in the use of technologies
Galateau, Estelle-Fleur. "Les conditions sociales de l’adoption de comportements plus durables en matière de consommation et de gestion des déchets : analyse sociologique d’un dispositif de démocratie participative et des théories d’action en sciences humaines et sociales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H005/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to analyze the processes established to modify behaviors and make them more sustainable, in everyday practices of consumption and waste management. We want to know whether the currently recognized values alone are explanatory of changing behaviors, and whether there are strong constraints involved in adopting more sustainable practices. In view of the current concern with environmental issues, we studied a procedure in participatory democracy designed to change participants’ behavior. Secondly, we analyzed current theories in social sciences in order to identify forces other than this political one. The research shows that participatory democracy results from intellectual actors or idealistic activists, who try to solve problems of political legitimacy, trust, and efficiency. But their idealism, which sparks the start of the action, faces strong constraints, requires adjustments to their ideal. These adjustments explain why changes of behavior are limited, which may discourage pioneers and activists, or alter the imaginary of "eco-Fascists", utopians, or authoritarians. In analyzing the theories of action in social sciences, we also observed the importance of scales of observation: the micro-Individual level and micro-Social level (in particular domestic space and practices) cannot be analyzed alone. They are embedded in the meso- and macro-Social levels, which highlight eigenvalues and the effects of membership and social regulation in daily practices
Guyot-Phung, Carola. "Comment l’innovation peut contribuer à une dynamique de transition écologique ? : Le cas de l’industrie du recyclage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX103.
Full textInnovation and public policies can help trigger and monitor sustainability transitions. This implies transformation processes that go beyond mere technological innovation. Such transition dynamics are still to be thoroughly analyzed. We chose to study two innovation cases within the recycling industry. We use the Multilevel Perspective (Geels, 2002, 2011) to shed light upon ongoing processes and dynamics. This literature makes links between three analytical levels: landscape, sociotechnical regime, and sociotechnical niche. The sociotechnical niche is a locus for emerging transformations and a space to shelter innovation development. Concrete projects can appear and strengthen while protected from regime selection. We focus on niche diffusion processes and regime transformation triggered by the niche. We discuss some notions upon empirical analysis and propose to draw a distinction between transition intermediaries and their contributions to the niche-regime link
Hoarau, Quentin. "Out with the Pipes, in with the Plugs : On the Economics of the Energy Transition in the Automobile Sector Interactions between electric mobility and photovoltaic generation Network tariff design with prosumers and electromobility: Who wins, who loses Stranded to be? Diesel ban and used car markets. Coordination of abatements and policies with sector coupling technologies." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI006.
Full textThe development of electric mobility is the main technological compromise that will allow the automobile sector to drastically reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. From the ban of thermal vehicles to the integration of electric vehicles in the power sector, this dissertation investigates several economic aspects of this transition.First, it empirically studies the impacts of urban policies that limit the access of most polluting vehicles by analyzing the behavior of car sellers on second-hand markets. Then, it theoretically precises the optimal conditions of the electrification of the automobile fleet how governments may plan support policies for electric vehicles that take into account their interaction with the power system.Third, it investigates the interaction between electric mobility and photovoltaic energy. It develops a systematic framework that enlightens technical and economic conditions of synergy.Fourth, it discusses the distributional effects from tariff design of power network with both distributed energy resources and electric mobility
Rabodon, Ghislain. "Développement de nouveaux agents de tannage durables." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR32.
Full textThe manufacturing process used to obtain leather from skin is called tanning. It acts by chemical stabilization of collagen, which transforms the skin into a stable and durable material. Currently, more than 90% of the production of leather worldwide is carried out with chromium sulfate. Therefore, tanning effluents produce significant quantities of this metal salt, which must be treated by expensive processes. The purpose of this project is to offer a sustainable alternative to chromium for tanning. To this end, organic compounds have been synthesized and their ability to stabilize collagen has been evaluated by different methods. Small-scale tests were carried out on collagen and its stabilization by these organic compounds was evaluated by DSC. The organic compounds selected after these tests were then tested on hides
Bergua, Fabien. "Réglementations des émissions et trajectoires de l'industrie automobile." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40044.
Full textThe thesis aims to examine the government regulations about automobile emission in order to understand innovative activities of car industry. According to environmental economics, manufacturers and suppliers have to cope with emission standards from the sixties'. However, under environmental pressure and facing the critics regarding command and control regulations, the regulatory context had to change their direction and governments turned to more flexible approaches. Car manufacturers and suppliers were encouraged to develop environmental innovations in order to produce low emission vehicles. Moreover, the change of public policy had incited car industry to turn to more efficient engine technologies than internal combustion
Bourdier, Laure. "Socio-anthropologie des énergies marines renouvelables en Basse-Normandie : gouverner (par) l'alternative." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC029.
Full textFollowing the European Union climate and energy package and le Grenelle de l’Environment, the French State launched, from 2011, a series of calls for tender and for expressions of interest for the construction of infrastructures of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE). The planned infrastructures are located along the French coast, particularly in Lower Normandy, a region characterized by the production of civilian and military nuclear power. Stakeholders in the development of MREs anticipated problems of "social acceptability". This thesis, based on a study of the actors who participated in the development of MREs in Basse-Normandie and of the acceptability mechanisms they have put in place, focuses on maintaining a centralized energy system based on nuclear energy, that has integrated the renewable alternative. Based on a combination of survey techniques (direct observation, interviews, questionnaires, collection of documentary productions, regulatory texts and biographical documents) analysed mainly through qualitative methods, this thesis reveals that the maintaining of the energy system operates through the government of critique. Local actors, including those who oppose the project, are mobilized by companies, the state, regional public authorities, and scientists through mechanisms aiming to build social acceptance. Thus acceptability, as an instrument of governing, does not mean a transformation of technical projects towards a better integration of social dimensions, but rather a translation of social questions into technical terms
Le, Coënt Philippe. "Agri-environmental schemes : behavorial insights and innovative designs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD006/document.
Full textThe agri-environmental policy of the European Union strongly relies on financial incentives provided through Agri-envrionmental Schemes (AES) to stimulate farmers’ adoption of pro-environmental practices. A rational economic assumption is that farmers enroll if they are paid enough to cover their opportunity costs. However, behavioral economics consider that psychologic factors may be involved in this decision. The first aim of this thesis is to determine the role of behavioral factors in AES adoption. Chapter 1 uses a social-psychology model, the Theory of Planned Behavior, to measure the weight of behavioral factors in farmers’ decision to enroll in a pesticide-reduction AES. The survey reveals that farmers are both driven by traditional economic motivations and norms (social and personal). Chapter 2 studies in more details the role of norms. A theoretical model reveals that social norms may either hamper or facilitate the participation in AES and a web-survey, confirms the importance of social injunctive norms and personal norms. In the second part of the thesis, we analyze the performance of innovative designs and how it may be affected by behavioral factors. In chapter 3, to address cases of environmental threshold, we test with an economic experiment a contract in which payment is conditioned to collective farmers’ participation. This contract appears to be more effective and efficient than traditional AES. The two last chapters analyze a new application of AES: biodiversity offsets. Based on a survey, chapter 4 highlights factors that influence the participation in such contracts as well as issues of effectiveness and efficiency. In chapter 5, we show with a choice experiment that farmers, especially the most environmentally sensitive, are influenced by the contracts’ goal framing: they prefer contracts that aim at biodiversity conservation rather than at the compensation of biodiversity losses. We conclude by insisting on the complementarity between traditional and behavioral environmental policy instruments
Bordenave, Simon. "Essai sur les conséquences environnementales de la recherche et développement sur les variétés agricoles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA038/document.
Full textThe sharp increase in agricultural yields in the past 150 years owes a lot to the improvement of plant varieties, which, to large extent, is the result of the research and development process. Whether the research and development effort undertaken by firms operating in this sector and institutions regulating research are socially optimal is an important question for public policies. This thesis aims to contribute to tackling this issue, and its main contribution is to endeavor to account for the impact of crop innovation on the environment. We address the question through three different perspectives: innovation per se, the research and development process, and the institutional framework available to research firms. We show that environmental externalities of research significantly modify social optima
Poirier, Julie. "Quatre essais en Economie de l'Environnement empirique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22003/document.
Full textThis dissertation is interested in two areas of the environmental economics field: monetary valuation of environmental goods and services and environmental innovation. Even if those two fields are studied separately in this dissertation, they both aim at contributing to a common objective: fight against climate change. This dissertation ranges into five chapters. The first one is a general introduction, which depicts the two fields of the dissertation and their relevance towards climate change. Environmental valuation serves public decision through monetary valuation of environmental goods. This is useful not only for the implementation of projects directed to environmental protection, but also for the quantification of environmental damages. Environmental innovation may encourage technological transfers, but also a greener growth, in a will that our societies develop themselves following a sustainable path. Chapters 2 and 3 are interested in the choice experiments method in order to value local residents’ willingness-to-pay for water quality improvements at a specific river basin in France. Using a choice experiment with different management regimes for the river basin, we find that residents are willing-to-pay for an improved water quality. Despite this positive result, we observe a significant proportion (20%) of protest bids in our sample. Protest bids are respondents that state a zero willingness-to-pay, even though their true value for the good is positive. In order to take into account the existence of protest bids, we estimate a cross-nested logit model in chapter 3. We then obtain larger willingness-to-pay, which proves that the cross-nested logit model best fits the peculiarity of our data. Chapters 4 and 5 try to identify the drivers of environmental innovation. Using world patent data and data from the world economic forum survey, we study the impact of environmental public policies on innovation in clean technologies directed to water and air pollution, and waste. We find that both general innovative capacity and environmental policy stringency have a positive role on environment-related innovation. Chapter 5 looks at the influence of co-authorship of scientific publications on wind energy-related innovation. We use both the world patent database and the “Scopus” database, which contains lots of scientific literature references. We highlight the existence of knowledge spillovers between OECD and NON-OECD countries. Therefore, we show that knowledge transfers, regarding wind energy-related innovation, between OECD and NON-OECD countries contribute to improve NON-OECD countries' innovative capacity