Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innovation – Aspect économique – France'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Innovation – Aspect économique – France.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Cadiou, Yann. "Analyse comparative des systèmes d'innovation de la France et du Japon dans le contexte de la mondialisation." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070023.
Full textInternationalization of innovation systems is studied within the framework of the institutionalistic theories of innovation, in a context of globalization of the activities, intensification of the transfers of knowledge and development of ICT's. Internationalization of these systems is analysed starting from a former work (8 typologies carried out on each subsystem), a comparison of the trajectories of France and Japan from the point of view of the performances of the countries in the field of innovation and competitiveness, and the addition of a level of reflection related to the financial systems. 76 variables are mobilized. This thesis is built in 3 great parts made up each of 2 chapters : - We analyse innovation systems which include the institution beyond only field of science and of technology be characterize on the theoretical and statistics plans though the study of French, Japanese and ten other innovation systems. The problem of internationalization of innovation systems and of the national basis of these systems in a context of globalization and the methodology used in the comparative analysis. - The trajectory of French and Japanese innovation systems is then studied through a data analysis. The analyses of the first part are prolonged and we compare innovation systems at three dates to appreciate the convergence and the divergence of the countries. The internationalization of the systems is posed in the regional dimension. - Innovation systems tend finally both to converge and to maintain their specificities in particular as regards of their regional integration. One also insists on the analysis of these systems in an international "regime", the articulation of technological and financial dimensions, the taking into account of the supply international system
Bunel, Simon. "Essays on the impact of innovation and technical progress." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0142.
Full textSince the early 2000s, France and, more broadly, Europe have experienced a notable decline relative to the global technological frontier. In this context, this thesis examines the challenges of technological change by exploring both its causes and its economic implications. It is a collection of three essays that study the effect of technological change on growth and the labor market, as well as the effectiveness of public R\&D and innovation policies aimed at fostering the emergence of technological change. The analysis draws on French administrative firm data to shed light on these macroeconomic issues from a "micro-to-macro" perspective.The first chapter studies the effects of investments in modern manufacturing capital — including automation technologies — on the labor and product markets at different levels of analysis: firm, industry, and local labor market (commuting zone). The causal effects are estimated using an instrumental variable model that leverages pre-determined supply linkages and productivity shocks among foreign capital suppliers ("Shift-Share IV"). At both the firm and industry levels, investments in modern manufacturing capital lead to increased labor demand, higher sales and exports. However, the industry-level labor demand response is positive only in industries exposed to international competition. This chapter contributes to the existing literature by focusing on investment in modern manufacturing capital in a broad sense, without concentrating on a specific type of technology. It implements a novel empirical method within this literature to estimate the causal effects of adopting these technologies.The second chapter focuses on the implementation of an innovation support policy, the Innovation Tax Credit (CII), which aims to encourage SMEs to develop new products through the development of prototypes or pilot plants, thereby contributing to technological change. Using a difference-in-differences method following propensity score matching, this chapter reveals a greater short-term increase in employment for firms benefiting from the scheme, as well as a more pronounced medium-term increase in their turnover. Additionally, a greater increase in the number of new products produced is observed.Finally, the third chapter investigates the effect of creative destruction on the measurement of economic growth in France. Indeed, in sectors where new products replace old ones, it is challenging for statistical offices to distinguish between the increase in monetary value due to inflation and the real productivity growth. The standard procedure is to assume that the quality-adjusted inflation rate is the same as for other items in the same category that the statistical office can track over time, i.e., products not subject to creative destruction. This procedure is referred to as "imputation" in the United States. Using the Schumpeterian growth paradigm and establishment-level data, this chapter estimates that between 2004 and 2015, approximately 0.5 percentage points of real output growth per year is missed by INSEE, a figure similar to what has been estimated in the United States. The underlying dynamics of establishments and firms highlight that the similar estimates of missing growth between France and the United States conceal notable differences in establishment dynamics between the two countries
Autant-Bernard, Corinne. "Géographie de l'innovation et externalités locales de connaissance : une étude sur données françaises." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT059.
Full textMarinescu, Ioana. "Coûts et procédures de licenciement, croissance et innovation technologique." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0038.
Full textThe right for workers to challenge their dismissal at court generates costs for firms. What is the economic impact of these costs? Using a change in British law, we show how an increase in firing costs can diminish the probability of termination and likely increase the quality of matches, and hence productivity. We then study the relationship between these firing costs and the economic cycle. Thus, in France the rate of appeal to labour courts (prud'hommes) is pro cyclical. Moreover in France as the United Kingdom, trials for irregular dismissal are more often decided in favor of firms when unemployment is higher. Lastly, we ask if innovative firms use a specific type of finance. We show that this indeed the case : in particular, the more innovative a firm gets, the less it uses debt as a source of finance
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048.
Full textThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Valdenaire, Karine. "Concentration économique et diversité culturelle : le cas du livre en France." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010031.
Full textSaint-Ges, Véronique. "Innovations environnementales dans la viticulture : une lecture économique du cas girondin." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40030.
Full textCreti-Bettoni, Anna. "Réseaux, innovations et croissance." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10040.
Full textThis thesis analyses the impact of telecommunications on firms' productivity and organisation. The study is articulated around two research topics: one is mainly interested in micro-economic aspects (the theory of production and firms' organisation), while the second analyses a subject closer to macro-economic modelling (the technological progress). The thesis is composed by three principal papers: the first defines the starting point of my theoretical reflection, i. E. The modelling of the externalities of networks in the function of production; the second article analyses the relation between use of technologies of communication and firms' hierarchical organisation; finally, the third article studies the impact of telecommunications on total factor productivity and technical progress. These three papers are introduced by a review of the literature, describing the existing models on the principal topics we analyse. This review of the literature is organised in two parts. The first part focuses mainly on the competition models on firms offering goods likely to present the network externality effect; i. E. The additional value that a new subscriber brings to the community of the already existing subscribers. The second part analyses the literature on technological progress, and the most recent models on telecommunications infrastructure and growth. Two econometric works, one on telecommunications demand by firms, and the other on telecommunications and French national growth, are also presented as an illustration of the problems analysed, respectively, by the first and the second part of the thesis. Our thesis shows that the impact of telecommunications on the economy can be better analysed and measured at the micro-economic level than at the macro-economic level. The analysis of this missing link; is an interesting subject for further research
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048/document.
Full textThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Ragot, Sophie. "L'innovation dans la modification de l'offre et de la demande des biens culturels." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24014.
Full textCultural industries are two-sided: on the one hand, they are prototype industries because of their starting point which is purely cultural; on the other hand, they must take into account the technological change which is constitutive of their industrial side. Innovation is playing a big part in each of these steps. During the first one, innovation is omnipresent since every product is a creative innovation; during the second step, technological change is always occurring, as a new product or as a new production process. This work aims at studying the mechanisms of innovation in the field of book industry, music industry and cinema industry. By this analysis, we try to understand, from a theoretical then from an empirical point of view, what changes innovation causes in the demand and in the supply of cultural products. We also study what makes these industries different of other industries or similar to them. Finally, we explain the processes that make an innovation a success or a failure. Our results confirm that the “creative destruction” of Schumpeter is particularly efficient in the field of cultural industries. Major innovations, creative as well as technological, always disrupted these industries, but finally, solutions have always been found, giving firms new opportunities, and consumers easier ways to access culture
Musolesi, Antonio. "Innovation, R & D et productivité : Analyse théorique et empirique sur données de panel macroéconomiques dans le cas de seize pays de l'OCDE et sur données d'entreprises dans le cas des activités de service en France." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0046.
Full textThat innovation and diffusion of technology drives long run productivity growth is by now commonly accepted. The crucial question is how. At the macroeconomic level, following an influential literature, we try to determine if trade promotes knowledge flows and technology transmission between trading partners. We obtain mixed results. At the microeconomic level, we analyse how knowledge diffusion, innovation and productivity are related both in a static, both in a dynamic framework.
Duguet, Emmanuel. "Investissement en recherche et développement, innovation et productivité : une analyse économétrique de l'industrie manufacturière française." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010071.
Full textThis thesis is about the relationships between investment in research and development, innovation and productivity of french manufacturing firms. There are three parts. In the first one, we explain how the decision to undertake research and the amount possibly invested are simultaneously determined ; the explanative variables include size and market power measures by also a sectoral product imitation rate. In the second part, we link the investments in research to the number of patent applications, through a modeling close to patent race models. In the third part, we estimate a three equations structural model linking research investments to innovlation, and innovation to productivity, using limited dependent variables and count data econometrics for simultaneous equations models. Thus, we can provide an overview of the problem. Productivity differences between the industrial firms can be explained by innovation differences, where innovation is an output. Innovation output itself is explained by research investment but also by firm specific demand and technological opportunities. Last, these research investments depend strongly on the appropriability conditions
Assens, Philippe. "Les compétences professionnelles dans l' innovation : le cas du réseau des coopératives d' utilisation de matériel agricole, CUMA." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10069.
Full textThrough the case of CUMA, this thesis is interested in the professional cooperation in the innovation by means of an approach based on the economy of competence
Goujon, Daniel. "Mutations technologiques, économie distributive et revenu minimum : des fondements théoriques à la politique économique du revenu minimum d'insertion." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE003.
Full textThe reappearance of poverty in rich countries at the end of the twentieth century proves that the need of thinking about what is or what should be a fair society does not spontaneously come to a stand still with the development of productive capacities and the growth of available wealth. On the contrary, thanks to the increasing automation of the way of producing, the technological transformation has allowed our society to enter an era of abundance and renews the persistent theme of justice which should be apprehended through the crisis of the values for integration and the development of social dualisme. The system wich had to deal with the scarcity of goods has now to deal with the scarcity of employment ; what kind of method do we have to favour in order to hope getting over the actual exclusion and poverty in an affluent system ? Is it enough to alter social policies implemented within the context of the welfare state or is it necessary to reform the salarial system of the income's distribution. By retaining the basic income as the central theme of the analysis, this thesis intends to answer this type of question. In the light of the historical debate about the setting up of such an income in england at the time of the industrial revolution and the numerous theories on the basic income in the present context of deep social crisis, we shall study the innovative nature and the effeciency of the "rmi's" policy - "revenu minimum d'insertion" : french version of the income support
Yang, Yi. "Contribution à l'évaluation économique des marées vertes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0122/document.
Full textDue to seasonal blooms of green macro-algae belonging to the ulvaceae family, green tides are part of the larger class of harmful algal blooms (HAB), which has developed worldwide at a high rate during the last three decades, favoured by the eutrophisation of coastal waters due to human activities. The massive accumulation of seaweeds on the shore resulting from green tides generates a variety of damages to market and non-market activities, and is a potential threat to human health. In the same time, green algae are a natural resource that may be turned into a variety of valuable products through industrial processing. R&D programs devoted to this subject have been launched in countries subject to green tides, such as China and France.The subject of this dissertation is the economic assessment of green tides, in a cost-benefit perspective. To this end, it studies the costs of green tides for private agents and public bodies, as well as the benefits due to the processing of algae.The dissertation relies on two case studies, one in China (Yellow Sea), and the other in France (Brittany). Chapter 1 and chapter 2 are dedicated to the case of the green tides that have developed each spring in the Yellow Sea and reached the southern shore of the Shandong province during the last decade. Chapter 1 investigates the bio-economic mechanisms of these episodes, their economic consequences, public management policies, and stakeholders’ perceptions. Chapter 2 tries to quantify the social cost of green tides, including management costs (minus benefits generated by green algae processing) and residual costs to market and non-market activities. Chapter 3 relies on the Brittany case, and focuses on the economic consequences of green algae industrial processing. Making use of a regionalized input-output table, it estimates, at various geographical scales, the economic impact of a program concerning the industrial processing of algae that are collected during the green tides on the Brittany shoreline
Wolff, Dominique. "L'aspect stratégique des normes techniques dans la politique industrielle : le cas français." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE0502.
Full textGallaud, Delphine. "Proximités et conflits dans les projets d'innovation en coopération : le cas des activités de biotechnologie en France." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090002.
Full textDuring the eighties, small Sme's of the so-called " Third Italy " has achieved high performances. Italian Scholars underline the importance of geographic proximity to innovate in cooperation. These works open the way to a set of theories based on the same But all these works have often postulated the real importance of geographic proximity to innovate, and the one of cooperation. Besides, the part of organizational proximity has been underestimated. So our problematic is to bring to the fore what are the factors which explain the coupling of geographic and organizational proximity
Le, Goff Richard. "Mutation informationnelle et politique territoriale : éléments de théorie des marchés et des organisations appliqués au département de la Manche (Normandie-France)." Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974032.
Full textLevy, Rachel. "La Place de la recherche universitaire dans les systèmes d'innovation : une approche territorialisée." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/LEVY_Rachel_2005.pdf.
Full textThis PhD thesis is a study of the place of public research in the (regional and national) innovation systems. Indeed we integrate economics studies about the increasing number of collaborations between universities and firms, the role of geographic localisation of economics activities and the fact that knowledge is produced in localised innovation systems. With empirical contributions in the frame of the French innovation system, but also in the case of Alsace region, we will look for the relevant level of analysis (regional or national) in which the place of university must be study. We also, study the role of proximity (in a polysemic conception and not only geographic) during interaction between universities and firms. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of one of the central mission of university: research. The second is concentred on the role of proximity within innovation systems. In the third chapter we test empirically, the relevance of the concept of regional innovation system by using a particular indicator of the existence of collaborations between universities and firms: the realisation of PhD thesis in firms through the CIFRE system. The fourth chapter is focused on the case of University Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg. We study more particularly the collaboration of this university with private sector. Finally in the last chapter, we analyse the results of a questionnaire send to the global set of actors that have make a CIFRE PhD in Alsace
Hmimda, Nassef. "La création de sentiers technologiques : une gestion des relations dynamiques entre les entités socio-technologiques : des oasis du Sud-Est marocain à la distribution de produits alimentaires sur le Net en France." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1029.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of path creation phenomenon. It takes place in an epistemological framework which stipulates that reality should be apprehended in a processual and a relational mode. In this context, we defend the thesis that path creation is a process where entrepreneurs or established firm aiming at creating new paths, frame controlled resources in a way that it allows them to create legitimacy around the socio-technological design they are sponsoring. This process occurs when a window of opportunity is set during the phase when a generic technology is adjusting to a production technology. The inference of this conceptualization is abductive in a sense that it is built over an exploratory case study on the creation of new techniques to fight against sand encroachment in the south-east of Morocco, and honed by confronting it to a second case study on the creation of a new technological path in e-grocery industry in France by an entrant company, Natoora, whereas the player of mass distribution struggle to find a path
Benanaya, Inès Soraya, and Inès Soraya Benanaya. "Cinéma, nouveaux usages et modes de financement : vers une nécessaire évolution de la chronolgie des médias." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38197.
Full textCette étude a pour objet la chronologie des médias française, et son avenir face aux évolutions technologiques du paysage audiovisuel et cinématographique. Mécanisme de l’exception culturelle, la chronologie des médias est une règle fixant des écarts temporels entre la sortie d’un film en salles et sa diffusion sur d’autres supports : vidéogrammes tels que les DVD et les Blu-rays, vidéo à la demande à l’acte « VàDA », télévision ou encore vidéo à la demande par abonnement « SVOD ». Elle constitue un pilier dans le financement de la production cinématographique française, mais l’apparition de nouveaux acteurs du numérique tels que les plateformes SVOD tendent à progressivement la déséquilibrer. Il convient dès lors de repenser le modèle tout en nous inspirant de modèles étrangers tels que la chronologie canadienne, afin de mieux prendre en compte ces évolutions.
This study focuses on the french « media chronology », and its future against technological developments in the audiovisual and cinematographic industry. The « media chronology » system is a mecanism part of the cultural exception. It is a rule that sets time differences between the release of a film in theaters and its distribution on other media : videograms such as DVDs and Blu-rays, transactional video on demand (« VàDA »), television or subscription video on demand (« SVOD »). It is a real pillar in the financing of the French film production, but the emergence of new digital players such as SVOD plateforms unbalance it. It is therefore necessary to rethink the model while drawing inspiration from foreign models such as the Canadian media chronology, in order to take better account of these developments.
This study focuses on the french « media chronology », and its future against technological developments in the audiovisual and cinematographic industry. The « media chronology » system is a mecanism part of the cultural exception. It is a rule that sets time differences between the release of a film in theaters and its distribution on other media : videograms such as DVDs and Blu-rays, transactional video on demand (« VàDA »), television or subscription video on demand (« SVOD »). It is a real pillar in the financing of the French film production, but the emergence of new digital players such as SVOD plateforms unbalance it. It is therefore necessary to rethink the model while drawing inspiration from foreign models such as the Canadian media chronology, in order to take better account of these developments.
Richard, Guillaume. "Le Concept de "milieu innovateur" et la filière sports-loisirs en région Rhône-Alpes : analyses et études de cas dans le secteur des sports et des activités en relation (SAR)." Strasbourg 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR20015.
Full textThis research aims at highlighting the application, in state, the concept of innovating environments (IE) to the sector of the Sports and the Activities in Relation (SAR), more precisely, in Small and Very Small Firms (SF/VSF) related to the manufacture of articles of sport (36. 4Z NAF), established in Rhône-Alpes. The author establishes initially a conceptual framework for a theory of the innovation. For that, it requests the theoretical contributions of the European group of research on the innovating environments (GREMI), in order to specify the concept of "innovating environments" and "network of innovation". It establishes then a panorama of the "sporting" innovation, underlines specificities of the Industry of Sport Equipment (ISE), of the regional economy in Rhône-Alpes and presents adopted methodology (GREMI 3). By regarding this area as a concentration the IE ones connect, the author undertakes a search for ground near "hypofirmes" having conceived a sporting product innovating
Zong, Zhen. "Le processus de catégorisation des activités économiques émergentes : le cas des nanotechnologies en France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12024/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the categorization process of emerging activities to contribute to the discussion about industries’ creations, especially through technological innovations.Two approaches of categorization in the literature have been identified: a content approach that focuses on the consequences of the categories and a process-based approach that focuses on the process of categorizing organizations. Both approaches are converging by showing the importance of the concept of boundary for categorization. In terms of methodology, we chose a qualitative approach based on a longitudinal case study on nanotechnologies in France. The results of this research show that two types of processes exist for the categorization of economic activity: the internal process and external process of boundary creation. The internal process is characterized by mutual awareness of common interest between stakeholders of the activity, theorization of knowledge, and claiming for differentiation between stakeholders. The external process is reflected in the efforts of stakeholders to the legitimization of nanotechnologies in the eyes of external audiences. Internal and external processes of boundary creation in the case of nanotechnologies interact and reinforce each other. A typology of three strategies mobilized in the categorization including attachment strategies, distinction strategies and ambiguity strategies, has also been proposed through this study. The thesis provides recommendations towards entrepreneurs to better manage the acceptance of their emerging activity
Speck, Christine. "Système national d'innovation et dynamique institutionnelle : contribution à l'analyse de la grande vitesse ferroviaire française en termes de coévolution." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-27.pdf.
Full textRiera, Fabien. "Trois classes de facteurs qui influencent le cours de la domestication des espèces marines. Une étude de cas : l'halioticulture biologique en France." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0138/document.
Full textAbalone aquaculture (Haliotis spp.) or halioticulture provides a good case study of the technical, social and environmental challenges of introducing newly domesticated marine organisms into the market. Abalone farming began in Japan in the 1960s and, according to FAO (2012), is now one of the most dynamic aquaculture industries in the world. Yet all attempts have not met with the same success. This essay aims to understand the factors that have allowed or hindered the environmental, social and technical success of halioticulture, with an emphasis on France.More specifically, we examine three main categories of factors that may explain its evolution:- The importance of socio-ecological factors in the management of abalone resource.- Socio-cultural factors that support the status of the abalone as an eligible resource for aquaculture.- The role of science in the industrialization of abalone farming
Delleaux, Fulgence. "À la recherche des mutations agricoles : économie et société dans les campagnes du Hainaut français de Louis XIV à la Révolution (1659-1800)." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1481.
Full textHoarau, Quentin. "Out with the Pipes, in with the Plugs : On the Economics of the Energy Transition in the Automobile Sector Interactions between electric mobility and photovoltaic generation Network tariff design with prosumers and electromobility: Who wins, who loses Stranded to be? Diesel ban and used car markets. Coordination of abatements and policies with sector coupling technologies." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI006.
Full textThe development of electric mobility is the main technological compromise that will allow the automobile sector to drastically reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. From the ban of thermal vehicles to the integration of electric vehicles in the power sector, this dissertation investigates several economic aspects of this transition.First, it empirically studies the impacts of urban policies that limit the access of most polluting vehicles by analyzing the behavior of car sellers on second-hand markets. Then, it theoretically precises the optimal conditions of the electrification of the automobile fleet how governments may plan support policies for electric vehicles that take into account their interaction with the power system.Third, it investigates the interaction between electric mobility and photovoltaic energy. It develops a systematic framework that enlightens technical and economic conditions of synergy.Fourth, it discusses the distributional effects from tariff design of power network with both distributed energy resources and electric mobility
Talens, Gaétan. "La place du personnel dans les opérations hôtelières milieu de gamme en France : les effets de l’engagement des collaborateurs au travail sur la qualité perçue par les clients." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE001/document.
Full textIn a competitive environment and with constantly changing lifestyle and consumption habits, the hotel industry offer, and the services built around accommodation and catering as we know its today, do not guaranty the attractiveness, or the profitability, that is needed for this sector to remain sustainable. The modeling of a "new" hotel industry is necessary to meet customer expectations while taking into account the costs and operating constraints, particularly the "hotel industry service" playing a key role in the production and distribution processes of the service as well as in the quality perceived by the customer. The determinants of the hotel operational performance have evolved in different cycles turning the "modern" into "traditional".This thesis begins with the exploration of these developments in mid-ranged hotels in France through a field study conducted in twelve hotels and the headquarters of the AccorHotels group in France. This step, questioning the future of mid-ranged hotels in France, raised research questions wondering about the importance of the staff in the production of mid-ranged hotels products and services in our society, and more broadly, the importance of the human capital (in the microeconomic meaning) in the hotel industry.We decided to explore the links between staff and the hotel operational performance. This performance is composed of economic results, the quality perceived by the customers as well as parameters related to the context of the hotels. Based on an in-depth study of all the methodologies and measures of human capital, we chose to measure it through employee engagement at work, using a sample of 146 mid-range hotels (representing 3740 employees) of the AccorHotels group in France. We also measured, for each hotel, a set of context data (size, location, customer mix, level of digitization, renovations...), the operating result (Earnings Before Interest Taxes), the number of business per room available (RevPar) and a measure of the quality perceived by customers (Reputation Performance Score).This thesis shows the links between the operating result per room, the quality perceived by customers and the commitment of employees to work. We will develop their respective antecedents as well as the nature of their cross-statistical relationships.This thesis prooves that as a significant precedent of the quality perceived by the customers (itself an antecedent of the operating result), the commitment of the collaborators into their work is instrumental in order to obtain a better performance for the mid-ranged hotels in France. To go further, the identification of a typology of hotels based on these links makes us able to obtain simultaneously a global and a segmented view of the mid-range hotel business in France and the role by type of hotels of staff in order to reach a higher performance
Poulain, Jean Luc. "Penser l’entreprise et ses dirigeants : l’Entreprise familiale de Taille Intermédiaire (E.T.I.) : outil de pérennisation de l’emploi, et facteur de développement territorial (économique, social et culturel) : étude anthropo-sociologique des identités professionnelles et territoriales en Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20068.
Full textOur research is devoted mainly to family-owned medium-sized enterprises (MSEs) in Brittany. Working from the perspective of the sociology of professions, we met several heads of companies with between 250 and 5,000 employees. In doing so, we observed how this so-called “enterprise” concept, similar to that of “Mittelstands” in Germany, offers a better understanding of the key factors of success, based notably on human capital, innovation, and international growth beingabsolute priorities, with the business also retaining strong local roots. We interviewed company heads in the historical territory of Brittany, taken as a “social laboratory”, to acquire a better grasp of the sociological profile of family business leaders working in the following sectors: the food industry; food services; health; real estate; textiles; footwear; and transport. Taking as a starting-point various social, economic, and sociological issues affecting the world of work and employment, we also sought to shed light on global competition, in particular in the field of labour: this thesis aims to provide insights into a certain number of transformations, bearing in mind the assertion by a great many occupational sociologists that “unemployment is the root cause of social exclusion”
Kasmi, Fédoua. "Écologie industrielle, milieu éco-innovateur et diversification de l'économie territoriale : le cas du complexe industrialo-portuaire de Dunkerque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0488.
Full textIndustrial ecology includes a set of practices aimed at reducing polluting industrial discharges and stands today as a possible way for the transition of industrial system towards a more sustainable operating mode, inspired by natural ecosystems. Its implementation can also be at the origin of innovation dynamics favorable to the development and diversification of territories, especially industrial ones. Industrial ecology is generally studied from the view of its industrial organization (organization of input and output flows, institutional framework and organization of cooperation between companies) and the environmental impacts it entails (economy of materials, recycling, etc.). In this thesis, we study its potential in terms of territorial economic development. For this purpose, we build a theoretical and conceptual framework to highlight the role of industrial ecology as a driver for development and diversification of territories. We propose a new analytical model based on the concept of eco-innovative milieu. This concept, built by crossing the literature on industrial ecology and theories of territorial economy and innovation, explains the mechanisms by which industrial ecology can promote territorial attractiveness and eco-innovation dynamics. It is the foundation on which our hypotheses are based. This model of analysis is applied to the industrialo-port complex of Dunkirk, a territory with strong industrial specialization in search of new ways of diversification of economic activities. We seek to understand the advantages of industrial ecology for the construction of an "eco-innovative" milieu, in which the effects of agglomeration favor the generation and the attractiveness of new activities thus contributing to a diversification of territorial economy. We adopt a mixed methodology based on the descriptive analysis of two databases of companies and a set of semi-structured interviews with 30 companies and institutions. The empirical study shows that industrial ecology contributes to the development of the characteristics of an eco-innovative milieu in Dunkirk. however, the dynamics of collective learning and eco-innovation specific to eco-innovative milieus remain modest. In addition, a nex dynamic of business creation has developed in Dunkirk since 2014. These new companies are linked to companies in the industrial symbiosis, either by the sector of activity, or by eco-industrial synergies. However, this dynamic only concerns a few units, but tends to validate our analysis. The diversification dynamic based on a related variety highlighted here faces, however, many difficulties. These are related to the operational and organizational aspects of the synergies nut they are also specific to the territory (economic fragility and path dependence). The contribution of industrial ecology to the diversification of industrial territories depends, in our opinion, on the resolution of these difficulties. The development of service activities and adapted territorial governance can contribute to the reduction of these limits. We study the characteristics of the service sector and the governance of the industrial symbiosis in Dunkirk. We end up with a set of recommendations that can be useful for public policies as well as for companies and institutions, in order to strengthen the eco-innovative milieu and foster the innovation dynamics that it promises
Klein, Olivier. "Les horizons de la grande vitesse : Le TGV, une innovation lue à travers les mutations de son époque." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720552.
Full textThine, Sylvain. "Les consultants et les systèmes d'information : la déformation de l'espace du conseil français sous l'effet des nouvelles technologies (1990-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0004.
Full textConsulting is not an established trade such as the lawyer or physician profession to which consultants use to compare themselves. However consulting is a very important and legitimating factor in the economic world. In the beginning of the 90s as in the early 2000s, it successfully mastered the crises it encountered. Its structures are relatively stable. Eventhough the consultants mediate between the film and the everchanging economic world, it is to be asked what are the factors which help those developments and stability? In order to answer this question, we have set at work a pluri-methodological process resting on four levels over the period from 1990 through 2005. First level: a statistical analysis of consultants' morphology and professionnal and social dynamics whereby can be seen their closeness to business bourgeoisie as well as the transitory character of their consulting activity. Second: a lengthways analysis of consulting companies which renders the space structure visible, either by showing the structures at work in the consulting process (capital undivision, integration of diverse resources, concentration, social surface and volume of resources. Third: the opposition which exists between conception and realisation. Fourth an analysis of the ERP implemented at EDF helped render visible the complex interplay between consultants and their clients. A synthesis of those different analyses shows the cyclical nature of the appropriation by consulting firms of consulting services, which helps understand both the ability of the trade to change and at the same time as it perpetuates them
Guyot, Benoit. "Appropriation des technologies et gestion de la performance sportive : sujet d'étude : le rugby professionnel en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100103/document.
Full textThe history and institutionalisation of rugby in France has led to the establishment of a set of rules that make it possible to define, and thus make possible, the practice of rugby. These rules focus on the game, the establishment of a ranking, but also on the status of clubs and their interaction. The institutionalisation of rugby has made it possible for major changes in the way rugby is played, with the creation of federations and the transition into professionalism in 1995. After a century of resolute opposition to the idea that rugby could shift into an era of professional practice, the institutions in place finally accepted the need to change from the growing pressure from players (media, sponsors and players) to professionalise. The challenge of such a change is that rugby can finally be considered as an economic activity in its own right. Professionalisation has led to players no longer considering "rugby" in the same way. Formerly deeply rooted in amateurism, rugby has now become an essential support for a profitable entertainment product. The sports structures have adapted to professionalism by adapting their statutes but also, above all else, by defining their new business model. In analysing club strategy, maximizing sports performance is a key element, impacting the ranking institution to which the club belongs. The clubs, in an effort to optimize their business model, have gradually integrated the use of technological tools and the exploitation of the resulting data. This work attempts to analyse the factors of adoption and appropriation of technology in the context of club performance, within the elite league in France: the Top14
Cabannes, Pierre-Yves. "Dynamique de l'offre productive : diffusion technologique, jeunes entreprises, migrants." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0017.
Full textIn chapter 1, I develop a neo-schumpeterian model of technology diffusion, where the positive externality related to diffusion has a negative indirect effect, through the capital market equilibrium, wich decreases the probability to implement the best technologies. In the long run, there are four different growth regimes. In chapter 2, I study the relationships between technical progress, technology diffusion and education. I check the robustness of the results of Benhabib and Spiegel (2005). I get opposite results on technology diffusion but the effect of the level of education on TFP growth is still positive. In chapter 3, I study, in the case of France, the links between the initial size of a firm and its survival. The relation between initial employment and the hazard rate is new in the international litterature. In chapter 4, I evaluate the effect on firm life duration of a public subsidy, called "ACCRE". It is one year payroll exemption, given after a selection process. Taking into account this endogeneity, we get a non-significant causal effect of ACCRE. I chapter 5, I study the effect of international migrations on GDP per capita growth. The effect of net migration is better than the one of natural population growth, but its global impact is not significant. Finally, in chapter 6, I study differences about firms created in France according to the founder's nationality. I suggest a method to divide the difference between survival rates into a part related to observed explanatory variables and a part related to unobserved factors. The latter is dominating
Disez, Nathalie. "Agritourisme et développement territorial : exemples dans le Massif Central." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20098.
Full textAgritourism, meaning leisure and tourism activities proposed by farmers in relation with the farm, is an innovating activity. This hypothesis goes to another one: agritourism takes part in rural development. The analysis of agritourism contribution for rural development in six regions of the massif central must bring some reservations. Agritouristic farmers are not a lot and moreover, the part of innovation is different according to strategies (properties, completing income and enterprise). These differences make territorial organization difficult. The strategy for properties is the most common but also the less innovating; the entrepreneurial logic does not necessarily lead to a collective level. These conclusions are relative. On the one hand, it may be early to analyse agritourism contribution because this activity evolutes to more complex activities with bigger farmer's commitment in tourism. The learning will be long because it requires a break from years of specialization, in disarray and carefulness conditions. On the other hand, is not the small territorial dimension in relation with the characteristics of studied spaces? we do not think so, but it would be interesting to work on other spaces. Finally, let us remind that our conclusions are about french experiments and there may be countries where agritourism contribution is higher
Duracka, Nicolas. "L'innovation sociale chez les acteurs de l'économie sociale et solidaire en Auvergne : une approche communicationnelle." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20028/document.
Full textEach periods of crisis in contemporary history has been marked by a series of social upheavals that could be called social innovations. They bring together, in a collective and ascending momentum, a myriad of citizen movements that aim at the response to social needs not very satisfied by the State and the market. Moreover, by relying on a set of organizations of the social and solidarity economy, they pursue a quest for democratization of economic activity. Therefore, is to better understand these phenomena of social transformation that this work tries to mobilize the information and communication sciences. In other words, in an exploratory approach, he questions the role of communication in the institutional capacity for change brought about by these initiatives. A first theoretical analysis allows to highlight the heterogeneity of the social innovation movement among social and solidarity economy actors. In this context, she underlines the tendency of these organizations to seize strategic communication practices (marketing and management), although they are historically invested with a political and symbolic role, telling her the need to seize a more critical repertory of communication. Consequently, a second empirical analysis, whose epistemological foundations are found in Edgar Morin's theory of complexity and in a reflexive approach, shows that the analysis of citizen initiatives must be based on very different communicational inputs. More precisely, different levels of communication analysis of these actors make it possible to update the transformative, or isomorphic, capacities of socially innovative initiatives of the social and solidarity economy. In conclusion, what this study tells us is that the social transformation that germinates in these organizations can only be analyzed through a praxeological approach to communication. In other words, communicative praxis, as an organizing activity of shared perspective in a public space of proximity, is a typifying activity of habits, vector of institutional change
Conord, Fabien. "Les rets de la modernité." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20025.
Full textKasmi, Fédoua. "Écologie industrielle, milieu éco-innovateur et diversification de l'économie territoriale : le cas du complexe industrialo-portuaire de Dunkerque." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0488/document.
Full textIndustrial ecology includes a set of practices aimed at reducing polluting industrial discharges and stands today as a possible way for the transition of industrial system towards a more sustainable operating mode, inspired by natural ecosystems. Its implementation can also be at the origin of innovation dynamics favorable to the development and diversification of territories, especially industrial ones. Industrial ecology is generally studied from the view of its industrial organization (organization of input and output flows, institutional framework and organization of cooperation between companies) and the environmental impacts it entails (economy of materials, recycling, etc.). In this thesis, we study its potential in terms of territorial economic development. For this purpose, we build a theoretical and conceptual framework to highlight the role of industrial ecology as a driver for development and diversification of territories. We propose a new analytical model based on the concept of eco-innovative milieu. This concept, built by crossing the literature on industrial ecology and theories of territorial economy and innovation, explains the mechanisms by which industrial ecology can promote territorial attractiveness and eco-innovation dynamics. It is the foundation on which our hypotheses are based. This model of analysis is applied to the industrialo-port complex of Dunkirk, a territory with strong industrial specialization in search of new ways of diversification of economic activities. We seek to understand the advantages of industrial ecology for the construction of an "eco-innovative" milieu, in which the effects of agglomeration favor the generation and the attractiveness of new activities thus contributing to a diversification of territorial economy. We adopt a mixed methodology based on the descriptive analysis of two databases of companies and a set of semi-structured interviews with 30 companies and institutions. The empirical study shows that industrial ecology contributes to the development of the characteristics of an eco-innovative milieu in Dunkirk. however, the dynamics of collective learning and eco-innovation specific to eco-innovative milieus remain modest. In addition, a nex dynamic of business creation has developed in Dunkirk since 2014. These new companies are linked to companies in the industrial symbiosis, either by the sector of activity, or by eco-industrial synergies. However, this dynamic only concerns a few units, but tends to validate our analysis. The diversification dynamic based on a related variety highlighted here faces, however, many difficulties. These are related to the operational and organizational aspects of the synergies nut they are also specific to the territory (economic fragility and path dependence). The contribution of industrial ecology to the diversification of industrial territories depends, in our opinion, on the resolution of these difficulties. The development of service activities and adapted territorial governance can contribute to the reduction of these limits. We study the characteristics of the service sector and the governance of the industrial symbiosis in Dunkirk. We end up with a set of recommendations that can be useful for public policies as well as for companies and institutions, in order to strengthen the eco-innovative milieu and foster the innovation dynamics that it promises
Mazureau-Pajot, Laurence. "Analyse économique de l'isolement." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT4006.
Full textThe isolation of people comprises both deeply demographic and long term changes, the economic and social significance of which has only been perceived for one decade. This phenomenon is not a specific French problem because most of the developed countries are experiencing the same developments, albeit with différences according to age groups. The objective of this work is threefold. First of all, we airn to redefine the contexts surrounding the situations involving isolation by taking into account the dynamics of contemporary social changes. Secondly, we will endeavor to présent the éléments of microeconomic theory likely to describe this phenomenon. Finally, we will attempt to provide an empirical explanation and to interpret the population growth of isolated people
Guillon, Bernard. "Monopole et concurrence dans les services évolués : la réaction stratégique de la direction générale des Télécommunications." Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10020.
Full textThe growth of new telecommunication services, or evolved services, on French soil, has created a certain number of disturbances within the monopolistic structure which characterises the telephone business. The use of terms like "added-value services" or "added-value networks" denotes the differences in behaviour between the "old hands" of the business and the prospective newcomers. The attitude of the telecommunications managing body is no exception to the rule. The strategic choices made by this body demonstrate how their conception of evolved services is translated, in reality, into a series of measures which allow their competitors' processes only a relative presence on the market, a presence which is, furthermore, restricted in time
Louizi, Khalid. "Analyse économique de l'entrepreneuriat social." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0033.
Full textChaix, Pierre. "Analyse économique du rugby professionnel en France." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21025.
Full textDoliger, Cédric. "Démographie, fécondité et croissance économique en France : une analyse cliométrique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/DOLIGER_Cedric_2006.pdf.
Full textFrenken, Koen. "Innovation de produit : une application de la théorie des systèmes complexes." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21033.
Full textTarbalouti, Essaid. "Analyse économique du droit de la faillite." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020023.
Full textThis work is devoted to an economic analysis of the law of bankruptcy. It aims to answer the following question : do the rules on bankruptcy allow an efficient reduction of conflicts between creditors and debtors ? the first part of this work is devoted to the historical reasons of the decline in the law of contract and sets out the arguments for and against this decline. The second part presents the nature of the enterprise and the role of the law of bankruptcy. This part also describes those factors that increase gains and costs and the role of the law of bankruptcy in the internalizing of these costs. The third part presents a model of a single creditor and debtor in order to show the impact of the rules of the law of bankruptcy (prohibition of bankruptcy, discharge) on conflict resolution and increased efficiency. Apparently, none of these rules of law solves the problem of bankruptcy efficiently or justly. To demonstrate this point, we have based ourselves on the contractual freedom between the creditor and debtor parties, as advanced by the coase theorem. The fourth part is devoted to the development of several creditors model. It addresses the problem of a tug-of-war between the different creditors. Centered on the cost of conflict, it examines the efficiency of the law governing compulsory collective procedure with a view to achieving maximum efficiency. The role of warranties and of insurance of this cost reduction is also addressed
Prin, Florence. "Deux contributions à l'analyse économique du tourisme." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24026.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to realize an economic analysis of tourism based on empirical and theoretical studies that show a significant potential of tourism for growth in developed and developing countries. In the first part, the contribution of tourism in advanced economies is analyzed in the frameworks of computable general equilibrium model measuring the impacts of tourist investments on the employment in France. This model allows understanding of transmission channels from tourism expansion to economic growth. The second part aims to determine the potential of tourism for the economic growth in developing countries. Theoretical and empirical studies are undertaken to find out the essential conditions for the expansion of the tourism sector which brings growth and sustainable development and allows those countries to take advantage from international exchanges. This part focuses in particular on the importance of terms of trade and proposes, through the example of Senegal, a computable general model that shows the negative impacts of a deterioration of terms of trade for developing countries
Aldebert, Bénédicte. "Les technologies de l'information et de la communication dans les entreprises touristiques des Alpes maritimes : implications organisationnelles et stratégiques." Phd thesis, Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0040.
Full textDynamic area and in continuous metamorphosis, the tourism industry knows in the last ten years some deep transformations resulting in part from the development of new systems of information diffusion. Several studies were focused on the analysis of the innovations resulting from the establishing of an information and communication technology (ICT) in tourism companies. The aim of this work is to understand the relationship between technological changes resulting from the ICT and organisational changes that the tourist companies use to innovate. This research aims to answer some problems: what are the conditions to the establishing of an ICT in tourist companies and the changes that they induce? This question led us towards multi methods method which, within a positivist's paradigm, consisted in combining a quantitative and a qualitative analysis. The first one, based on a statistical processing of 291 tourist companies of the Alpes Maritimes, while the second one consisted of the study of a single case. This research provides a comprehension of the relationships between the tourist organizations and the ICTs. It also allows a better taken into account of the key factors of success of the tourism companies in order to create an innovation
Glot-Sanchez, Nathalie. "L'interface énergie-environnement : une approche économique modélisée." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10014.
Full textGrimal, Laurent. "Protection de l'environnement, innovation et emploi : recherches sur la cohérence de la politique économique." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10054.
Full textRubio, Nathalie Audrey. "Analyse économique de l'indépendance du juge : le cas de la France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32041.
Full textThe independence aims at isolating judges from the government and at maintaining stability of judges' decisions. However, judicial independence is created by the legislator and it holds particularly for France where the strict separation of powers is rooted in the fear of “judges' government”. Thus, the first part of the thesis focuses on rationality of the judge's independence in France and shows that the degree of independence depends of the stability of governments. On the other side, while weak judicial independence makes easier for government to interfere, strong judicial independence is not less dangerous if it is not counterbalanced by judicial accountability. The second part deals with the discretionary power of the independent judge and shows how structural independence affects judge' s choices and thus how independence is also an elements of the judge's rationality