To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Innovation as a collective achievment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innovation as a collective achievment'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Innovation as a collective achievment.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Börjesson, Henrik, and David Karlström. "Innovera mera : Med uppdragstaktik och tillit som vapen för utveckling och innovation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44828.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med vår uppsats är att utveckla en förståelse för vilka förutsättningar som råder för innovation och utveckling i Försvarsmakten samt vad som kan hindra respektive främja dessa och hur dessa förutsättningar förhåller sig till varandra.Vi har gjort detta genom en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuat Försvarsmaktens utvecklingschefer. Efter en analys, med klassisk grundad teori som metod, av våra intervjuer växte en modell fram. Modellen heter Gränsöverskridande transformering. Den syftar just på det faktum att en transformering sker och är inledd. Att Försvarsmakten som ett resultat av den säkerhetspolitiska utvecklingen och med legitim bas i demokratiskt fattade beslut åter är i en transformering, ur ett minimalistiskt insatt insatsförsvar med professionella soldater och sjömän till att återigen utgöra ett folkligt förankrat värnpliktsbaserat försvar av den territoriella integriteten. Det sker likt det som skedde efter murens fall och som då skapade ett nytt befälssystem och pausade värnplikten. Lika nytt och omvälvande igen. Nationellt fokus och tillväxt i både volym och geografisk förekomst såväl som förmågor och personalkategorier. Detta är en transformering som i grunden påverkar alla delar av Försvarsmakten och alla dess processer, men också samhället i stort och de orter där verksamhet nu återigen blir vardag. Vi upptäcker genom modellen att utveckling som begrepp är centralt och att innovation inte används i någon större omfattning, men att utveckling ändå inte varit prioriterat under åren av minimalistiskt insatsförsvar. Det är därför gränsöverskridande att lämna en kultur och tidsepok och gå in i en annan. Att byta sätten vi leder och leds på i vardagen, att se utveckling och kreativitet som något som får förekomma och måste få kosta, både i tid och pengar. Det är ett gränsöverskridande och en transformering som dessutom ska ske i en kontext där samhället förändrats. Teknikutvecklingen leds av civila intressen och Försvarsmakten har att finna sin plats i den globala världen av leverantörer och innovationer inom snart alla områden. Det är gränsöverskridande i att Försvarsmakten återigen bryter ny mark, att Försvarsmakten måste samarbeta med omvärlden för att kunna fullfölja och få effekt av den nya inriktning som gäller i och med tagna beslut. Här får Försvarsmaktens ledarskapsfilosofi med uppdragstaktiken och den valda ledarskapsmodellen en avgörande roll för möjligheten att genomföra en lyckad gränsöverskridande transformering. Vi drar utifrån det en sammanfattande slutsats. Att med uppdragstaktik som filosofisk och metodologisk grund för ledning i kombination med det utvecklande ledarskapet i varje ledares medvetna utövande och med tillit mellan parter så främjas goda förutsättningar för ett innovativt och utvecklande klimat. Att det krävs att innovation blir en medveten och aktiv handling och process för att kunna dra nytta av klimatet.The purpose of this thesis is to develop an understanding about which conditions for development and innovation that is current in The Swedish Armed Forces and what can hinder or encourage these, and also how these conditions relate to each other. We have done this through a qualitative study where we have interviewed Swedish Armed Forces managers of development. After analysing the content from these interviews with Classic Grounded Theory as a method a model was created. The models name is Cross-border transformation and the aim is at the fact that a transformation is started and is ongoing. As a result of the security policy and with a legitim base in democratic decisions the Swedish Armed Forces is yet again in a transformation. From a minimalistic inset defence with employed soldiers and sailors to a democratic conscript based national defence of our territorial integrity. This is happening in the same way as it did when the wall fell, a new officers system was developed and we paused the conscription, as new and revolving yet again. Now instead the focus is again to growth in both volume, geographically as well as in capabilities and categories of personnel. This is a transformation that effects all parts of the Swedish Armed Forces and all its processes, but also the society at large and the cities where new military establishments yet again are to become part of the normal day life. We see through our model that development rather than innovation as a concept is used, but has not bin prioritised in the Swedish Armed Forces during the years of a minimalistic inset defence. It is therefore cross-border to leave a culture and an era to cross into another. To change the way we lead and are led in normal day life, to see development and creativity as something that is allowed to exist and that can cost both in time and money. It is cross-border and a transformation in addition to happen in a context where the society has changed. The technology development is led by civilian interests and the Swedish Armed Forces has to find its place in the global world of suppliers and innovations in almost all areas. It is cross-border that we yet again are breaking new ground, that we have to cooperate with the world around us to be able to carry out and get effect of the decisions of a new direction for the Swedish Armed Forces that has been made. At this point the Swedish armed forces leadership philosophy, the mission tactics and the chosen leadership model plays a decisive role for the possibility of a successful cross-border transformation. Based on this we come to a summarising conclusion that with mission tactics as a philosophical and methodological foundation for leadership, combined with developing leadership in every leaders conscious practice and with mutual trust between concerned parties will good conditions for a more innovative and developing climate be encouraged. To be able to benefit from this climate it requires that innovation becomes a conscious and active action and process.
2
Slawsby, Alex (Alex David), and Carlos Rivera. "Collective innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39518.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-179).
The ability to innovate sits at the heart of an organization's ability to succeed in a competitive environment. An organization can innovate by improving existing products, services, or processes or by generating new products, services, or processes. Achieving successful, repeated organizational innovation, however, is a significant challenge. The hurdles to such innovation run the gamut from psychological to structural to procedural. Managers can fall victim to myopia and other human level challenges. Organizational processes, structures, and values can short circuit innovation as well. Given these challenges, we posit that an innovation strategy embracing the concepts of collective intelligence and openness may enable organizations to surmount these hurdles. We refer to this approach as Collective Innovation and define it as a connected, open, and collaborative process that generates, develops, prioritizes, and executes new ideas. To develop our argument, we surveyed literature from a wide array of disciplines including economics, organizational behavior, social psychology, and organizational change.
(cont.) We begin this thesis by drawing a connection between the economic theories of Adam Smith and Ronald Coase and research into the changing workplace by Thomas Malone. We then introduce the concepts of collective intelligence and openness, core tenets of Collective Innovation. After introducing Collective Innovation, we examine its place in the history of innovation strategy. Next, we outline and describe the four stages of the Collective Innovation process. Having dealt mainly in theory, we then turn to the application of Collective Innovation and the myriad challenges that managers will face when attempting to implement such a strategy. Keeping in mind these challenges, we outline four ways in which organizations might use Collective Innovation to power the exploration-side of their operations. Finally, we revisit several remaining questions before concluding our analysis.
by Alex Slawsby [and] Carlos Rivera.
M.B.A.
3
Teichmann, Gunter, Eva-Maria Schwartz, and Frank-Michael Dittes. "Collective Business Engineering." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-143416.
Full text
4
Stuermer, Matthias Emmanuel. "How firms make friends : communities in private-collective innovation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18630.
Full text
5
von, Tempski Franziska. "Collective Creativity as a driver for innovation : A qualitative multiple case study analysis of the phenomena of Collective Creativity within innovation-driven environments." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263423.
Full textAbstract:
In our today’s fast-paced and rapidly changing world, innovation became a crucial factor for economic growth and organizational effectiveness [35,37]. Several factors promoting innovation have been discussed in literature, mostly focusing on individual creativity as its main driver. However, the growing interdisciplinarity and complexity of today’s challenges urge for broader knowledge basis and specialized expertise at the same time [17]. This makes the creative potential of a single talent no longer sufficient enough to create the multidisciplinary novel solutions that are needed. Leading innovation companies such as Google have therefore shown that innovation results from a creative collective working together by combining everyone’s “slice of genius” [20:4]. Yet, research on Collective Creativity (CC) is still limited. Just as innovation or creativity itself, it is a process that does not happen automatically, but which needs to be supported and maintained. However, a holistic and comprehensive model of how such a collective creative environment can be promoted is still missing. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing the phenomena of CC in more detail by answering the research question of this studies: What are the factors that contribute to the development of Collective Creativity in an innovation-driven environment? On the basis of an extensive literature analysis, an integrative framework has been developed to identify the factors by which a creative collective environment is performed. Secondly, a multiple case study analysis of the two leading innovation companies Pixar Animation Studios and Volkswagen has been conducted to test the prior developed framework’s validity and refine it with in-depth insights from the field. Combining the findings of both analyses, a comprehensive exploratory framework has been developed that provides an overarching guideline of the factors that should to be considered when practicing CC. Besides the practical implications of this research for both, leadership and teamwork, it further contributes to an advanced understanding of this so far little researched phenomena and presents directions for future studies.I dagens ständigt skiftande värld är innovation en avgörande faktor för ekonomisk tillväxt och organisatorisk effektivitet [35,37]. Flera faktorer som främjar denna innovation återfinns i litteraturen, främst inom området ’individuell kreativitet’ som den huvudsakliga drivkraften. Den växande tvärvetenskapen kräver dock en bredare kunskapsbas och specialkunskaper [17]. Detta gör den kreativa potentialen hos en enda talang inte längre tillräcklig för att skapa de tvärvetenskapliga romanlösningar som behövs. Ledande innovationsföretag som Google har därför visat innovationsresultat från ett kreativt kollektiv som genom att kombinera allas ”snitt av geni” [20:4]. Ändå är forskningen om kollektiv kreativitet (CC) fortfarande begränsad. Precis som innovation eller kreativitet i sig är det en process som behöver stödjas och underhållas. En heltäckande och övergripande modell för hur en sådan kollektiv kreativ miljö kan se ut saknas fortfarande [6]. Därför syftar denna studie till att analysera fenomenen (CC) mer detaljerat genom att svara på frågeställningen i dessa studier: Vilka är de faktorer som bidrar till utvecklingen av kollektiv kreativitet i en innovations drivande miljö? Genom en omfattande litteraturanalys har en integrerad ram utvecklats för att identifiera de faktorer genom vulkanen kreativ kollektiv miljö utförs. För det andra har har en flerfallstudieanalys av de två ledande innovationsbolagen Pixar Animation Studios och Volkswagen genomförts för att testa den tidigare utvecklande rammens validitet och förfina den med djupgående insikter från området. Genom att kombinera resultaten från båda analyserna har en omfattande undersökningsram utvecklats som ger en övergripande riktlinje över de faktorer som bör beaktas vid utförande av (CC). Förutom det praktiska konsekvenserna av denna forskning för både ledarskap och lagarbete bidrar det vidare till en avancerad förstående av det hittills otillräckligt undersökta fenomenet och ger vägledning för framtida studier.
6
Teichmann, Gunter, Eva-Maria Schwartz, and Frank-Michael Dittes. "Collective Business Engineering." Technische Universität Dresden, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28064.
Full text
7
Liu, Haijing M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Collective innovation spaces in Shanghai : spatial patterns and social life/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118244.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-73).
In 2014, the Chinese central government began an initiative - "mass innovation and entrepreneurship" - as its new strategy of economic development. Collective innovation spaces were promoted as the physical manifestation to fuel this economic development strategy. As a result, the establishment of collective innovation spaces has since received significant funding from both the public and the private sector. The number of collective innovation spaces has grown exponentially over the years. With this significant growth rate, collective innovation spaces have started to exhibit a distinctive spatial pattern and made an impact on urban life. However, few systematic studies have been carried out to understand this spatial pattern and the mechanisms behind it. This thesis takes Shanghai as the study site. Using statistical model and spatial analysis, the study identifies several clusters of collective innovation spaces (CIS) in Shanghai as well as their spatial characteristics. It demonstrates that rental housing units, IT companies, universities, restaurants, bars and coffee shops have a positive relationship with CIS clusters. However, housing developments and parks have a negative relationship with CIS clusters. Development of CIS and the thriving third places, which are privatized social spaces other than home and workspaces, generate an innovation network that facilitates social interactions, innovation, and entrepreneurship. It represents a new kind of urban development in China, integrating, connecting and preserving the existing urban fabric. Furthermore, by investigating in two case studies in Shanghai, the thesis gives policy and design suggestions on the development of CIS clusters. Keywords: Collective innovation spaces; cluster; urban development; Shanghai.
by Haijing Liu.
M.C.P.
8
Jönsson, Lovisa. "The Innovation Arena : An analysis of innovation networks in sustainable city development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158653.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the opportunities and difficulties that can occur in the creation of an innovation arena concerning sustainable city solutions. A case study was conducted of the Stockholm Royal Seaport project and a model for the management of an innovation arena was created. Three critical factors were discovered which were commitment, collective risk taking and trust and their connection to the overall common vision for an innovation arena. Conclusions after analyzing the critical factors was that clear contracts needs to be established and that third party involvement in the process of searching, qualifying and coaching of involved actors can be helpful in the process of developing an innovation arena.
9
YANG, YANG. "OPEN INNOVATION CONTESTS IN ONLINE MARKETS: IDEA GENERATION AND IDEA EVALUATION WITH COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/151328.
Full textAbstract:
Business Administration/Management Information SystemsPh.D.
To overcome constrained resources, firms can actively seek innovative opportunities from the external world. This innovation approach, called open innovation (Chesbrough 2003; Hippel 2005; Terwiesch and Ulrich 2009; Terwiesch and Xu 2008), is receiving more and more attention. Facilitated by the global Internet and emerging forms of information technology, it has become very easy for companies to generate large numbers of innovative solutions through the use of online open innovation contests or crowdsourcing contests (Archak and Sundararajan 2009; Terwiesch and Ulrich 2009; Terwiesch and Xu 2008; Yang et al. 2009).For an innovation project to succeed, it is necessary to generate not only a large number of good ideas or solutions, but also to identify those that are "exceptional" (Terwiesch and Ulrich 2009). This dissertation contains three studies that aim to improve our understanding of how best to use contests as a tool to aggregate external resources (collective intelligence) in the generation and evaluation of solutions. The first study views an innovation contest from the innovation seeker's perspective and provides insights on how to improve contest performance. The second study views an innovation contest from the innovation solver's perspective examining the characteristics and strategies of winners and solvers. Finally, in the third study, a new approach to the solution evaluation process is introduced, which is referred to as open evaluation. In this approach, a prediction market is used as an aggregation mechanism to coordinate the crowd in the evaluation of proposed solutions. These three studies make a number of contributions to the literature, addressing core issues in the area of online innovation contests. The analyses, which leverage large-scale empirical data, produce a number of profound results, which can help people to understand how best to use and design innovation contests in an online environment, for idea generation. Further, these studies present a variety of managerial implications associated with the aggregation of individual effort (collective intelligence) to evaluate the ideas that are generated by an innovation contest. We hope that our studies can help open innovation pioneers, such as Google, to systematically generate and identify exceptionally good ideas at much lower costs. By utilizing our findings, we expect that more firms will be able to adopt an open innovation strategy, both systematically and easily.
Temple University--Theses
10
Lorek, Maria. "Pôles de croissance et reconversion des territoires industriels dans une nouvelle économie de marché : Étude appliquée au cas de l'économie de Gdansk (Pologne)." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0503.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis la libéralisation économique, les pôles de croissance construits sous la tutelle de l’État ont connu des transformations institutionnelles et organisationnelles majeures dans les pays centralement planifiés. Les nouvelles formes d’organisation industrielle, qui sont à l’origine de ces transformations, donnent la priorité aux logiques territoriales. Les économies locales, sous-estimées pendant l’économie centralement planifiée, sont devenues des espaces prioritaires d’application de la politique économique. Dans ce contexte, les travaux sur les districts industriels, les milieux innovateurs, les clusters retrouvent un regain d’intérêt. En revanche, la question de la reconversion des pôles de croissance par la libéralisation économique demeure nettement peu explorée en termes d’impact sur le développement de l’innovation dans les ex-pays centralement planifiés. L’impact de la libéralisation économique des pays centralement planifiés se manifeste par les nouvelles pratiques de coopération, du partage et des actions collectives s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la « nouvelle » économie de marché. La convergence des intérêts publics et privés qui en découlent et l’émergence de l’apprentissage collectif jouent un rôle essentiel pour le développement de l’innovation. Les études théoriques sur les pôles de croissance ne prennent pas en considération ces transformations, elles restent concentrées sur le rôle des industries motrices qui sont capables d’entraîner les autres composantes du système productif grâce à leur dimension ou à la productivité. Pourtant, la réalité économique approuve que les pôles de croissance se soient transformés en appuyant sur l’articulation entre les différents acteurs de proximité, des ressources spécifiques locales, des rapports développés sur le marché et hors marché et la mise en place de l’innovation. Pour décrire les capacités innovantes des acteurs locaux, nous proposons un concept du système d’innovation territorialisé. À partir de cette analyse découle l’intérêt de cibler l’étude sur un pôle de croissance en particulier. L’histoire économique, la mise en place de la nouvelle politique économique locale (après 1989), les choix des autorités locales, la croissance notable bien qu’émergente du secteur de haute technologie et l’absence d’étude antérieure sur cette question sont autant de facteurs qui font de la région de Gdansk un cas intéressant pour analyser dans quelle mesure la libéralisation économique a été une incitation au développement de l’innovation sur son territoire. À cet effet, nous analysons le potentiel de l’innovation de la région de Gdansk qui se forge au cours de l’instauration de l’économie de marché en Pologne, d’abord à travers une analyse statistique de l’économie de Gdansk depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour donner un aperçu sur l’ensemble des conditions initiales. Puis, à travers l’étude des données des enquêtes réalisées par le bureau statistique national (GUS) que nous mobilisons pour compléter notre analyse et présenter le potentiel de l’innovation de la région de Gdansk. À l’issue de l’analyse empirique découle que la libéralisation a contribué au développement de l’innovation dans la région de Gdansk en favorisant d’abord, l’accumulation des actifs secondaires, ensuite, l’amélioration de son potentiel scientifique et technique et afin d’encourager l’émergence des entreprises innovantes. Ces dernières sont issues d’un processus de destruction créatrice qui a permis le renouveau du tissu productif local. L’ensemble des résultats permet d’approuver que la région de Gdansk au cours de sa reconversion a subi des changements institutionnels, économiques et sociaux qui l’ont transformé en système d’innovation territorialisé. Ce système est le résultat de l’articulation entre l’action des autorités locales et les activités des acteurs privés susceptibles d’innoverSince economic liberalization, growth poles constructed under the State’s supervision have seen major institutional and organizational changes in the centrally planned economies. New forms of industrial organization that are responsible for these changes, gives priority to the territorial logic. The local economy which was underestimated during the centrally planned economies has become a main area for the application of the economic policy. In this context, scientific studies on industrial districts, innovative milieus, clusters, have won a new revival. However, the question of the conversion of growth poles through economic liberalization remains substantially unexplored in terms of the impact on the development of innovation in the former centrally planned countries. The impact of economic liberalization in the centrally planned countries is manifested by the new practices of cooperation, sharing and collective actions in the context of the "new" market economy. The resulting convergence and emergence of collective learning public and private interests play an essential role in the development of innovation. Theoretical studies on growth poles do not take into account these changes; they only focus on the role of the main industries that are able to lead the rest of the components of the production system due to their size or productivity. However, the economic reality that supports growth poles have become based on the relationship between the different actors of proximity, specific local resources, relationships developed within and outside market and implementation of innovation. To describe the innovative capacity of local actors we propose a concept of regionalized innovation system. From this analysis comes the interest of the study focus on a singular growth pole in particular. Its economic history, the establishment of new local economic policy (after1989), the choice of local authorities, the significant growth (still emergent though) of high-tech sector and the absence of previous research on this issue, are as many factors that make the Gdansk region an interesting case study of how economic liberalization has been an incentive for the development of innovation in its territory. For this purpose, we analyze the potential of innovation in the area of Gdansk that is forged during the introduction of the market economy in Poland. First, we proceed through a statistical analysis of the economy of Gdansk since the end of the Second World War to give an overview of the set of initial conditions taken in this context. Then, we study the data issued from the surveys conducted by the National Statistical Office (GUS) in order to complete our analysis and present the potential for innovation in the area of Gdansk. The empirical analysis shows that liberalization has contributed to the development of innovation in the Gdansk region: first, by promoting the accumulation of secondary assets and second, by improving its scientific and technical potential and encouraging the emergence of innovative companies. These are derived from a process of creative destruction that has led to the revival of local production. The overall results reveal that the conversion of the Gdansk region has been associated to sustained institutional, economic and social changes that have transformed into a regionalized innovation system. This system is the result of a joint action between the local authorities and the activities of private actors likely to innovate. With this transformation the Gdansk region is still one of the poles of growth of the Polish economy based not only on its industrial potential inherited from the past but also on its potential of innovation mainly related to the development of activities of higher added value
11
Hmoud, Hazar Y. "The 'private-collective' innovation model under permissive licensing : a case study of OpenNebula open source software." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52408/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims for understanding how the ‘private-collective’ model of innovation works in permissive open source software. This model encourages the private investments in the collective software as well as the sharing of those investments with the collective community. By following this model in permissive open source software, this thesis suggested that private actors would experience a collective action problem referred to as a ‘business dilemma’. This dilemma is the difficult situation experienced by private actors who would be reaping rewards by sharing their private investments but also losing their competitive advantage because of free riders. Theoretically, private actors would be discouraged from sharing their private investments with the collective due to the business dilemma. However, in some real cases, we do not observe this constraint; private actors are not trapped by the business dilemma. Instead, they end up innovating and contributing to permissive open source software. As a result, this thesis would investigate and answer the research questions: ‘How can the private actors invest and share in permissive open source software without experiencing a business dilemma?’ and ‘Why private actors choose to invest and share rather than to free ride in permissive open source software?’ Ostrom’s theory of collective action is used as a lens for investigating the patterns of the private contributions and answering the research questions consequently. This theory suggests that people, even with the absence of formal regulations, can talk and share their local knowledge and experiences in order to collectively arrange the pattern of their actions and to extract themselves from collective action problems accordingly. OpenNebula open source software was the case study analysed. Findings are based upon an in-depth qualitative analysis of a substantial dataset involving 7,017 emails, 3,482 development requests, 4 technical OpenNebula official documentations and thousands of source code commits. Findings revealed that private actors are voluntary entering in an ‘active communications’ with other participants. Findings proposed that an ‘active communications’ act as a prerequisite for the active private contributions done by private actors. Those private contributions are locked within the collective software in the form of ‘collective complementarities’ through a ‘transformation process’. Several evidences proposed that this process worked to align the private interests of private actors with the collective interests of the software. Moreover, findings revealed that a set of ‘rules’ are emerged by the private actors and other participants in order to structure the ‘active communications’ and the ‘transformation process’. Several evidences proposed that these ‘rules’ worked to support the alignment between the private and the collective interests. Accordingly, it is proposed that the alignment between the private and the collective interests (which is done through the ‘active communications’, ‘transformation process’ and is supported through a set of ‘rules) encourages private actors to share and to link their private software with the collective. Without sharing, their private software would not be part of the ‘collective’ complementarities’ that are used in the different industries. This thesis makes novel contributions to the literature of open source. In particular, it extends the ‘private-collective’ model of innovation by introducing the ‘collective complementarities’ as a theoretical concept for locking the private benefit alongside with the collective one. It extends the open source literature by providing a better understanding of the collective software as a type of ‘commons’ that is exposed to private appropriation. In this way, it provides a set of arrangements that can bring the best of open source software that are sponsored by private actors. This thesis also encourages firms to: (1) share an ongoing control over the development of the software with the vibrant community members in order to develop software that can be used across industries and (2) harness information technology practices in their organizations to better serve the private and the collective interests.
12
Hamdouch, Ilias. "Collective intelligence at Enron during the California energy crisis : uncovering collaborative innovation networks using social network analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106237.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-68).
As interaction takes place between individuals, relationships are formed and collaboration and innovation emerge. In this thesis I have applied Coolfarming (Gloor, 201 lb), a social network analysis method using Condor, a software tool to quantify communication patterns based on various data sources. I analyzed the Enron email archive to see if communication patterns of convicted employees differ from ordinary ones. Toward that goal, I compared the dynamic semantic social network metrics of 17 Enron employees convicted in the criminal trial following Enron's implosion with a control group of ordinary employees. I focused on 17 mailboxes of 24 Enron executives that were convicted. Identifying criminals based on email behaviors is possible depending on the sampling strategy. When sampling based on employees with comparable total emails, the statistical analysis of the Contribution Index (Ci) metric revealed that criminals were less active. When sampling based on employees with comparable total influence, the statistical analysis of Betweenness Centrality Oscillation (Bco) and Degree Centrality (Bc) metrics revealed that criminals were less connected to others and less creative.
by Ilias Hamdouch.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
13
Pinheiro-Croisel, Rebecca. "Innovation et éco-conception à l'échelle urbaine : émergence et modèles de pilotage pour un aménagement durable." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823446.
Full textAbstract:
Les études urbaines (Urban Studies) et organisationnelles (Organization Studies) sur la ville durable ont focalisé leur attention sur la question de la gouvernance, en particulier sur la participation des citoyens et des stakeholders. Très peu de travaux ont étudié, en revanche, la naissance des projets urbains durables sous l'angle de la conception et de son pilotage. La conception de la ville durable ou de morceaux de ville (les quartiers durables) pose pourtant des questions multiples. La première touche à la naissance et à l'évolution de nouveaux objets de conception associés à de nouvelles fonctions (mixité sociale, mixité fonctionnelle, fonctions écologiques et écosystémiques). Tracer la transformation successive des objets intermédiaires de conception (programme, plans masse, réception du quartier ou des bâtiments, vie en marche) qui jalonnent et cristallisent ce processus de création collective dans le cadre de projets innovants constitue un premier objectif de la thèse. Ce travail permet de mettre en évidence les ruptures et les discontinuités dans les processus de conception qui tiennent aux différentes modélisations de ces objets. La deuxième question est relative aux instruments et aux langages (ingénieriques, comme l'écoconception, économiques et juridiques) qui constituent des supports cognitifs pour l'action des concepteurs. Ainsi nous caractérisons les nouveaux instruments et langages mobilisés dans le cadre de ces projets urbains innovants et analysons la façon dont ils permettent de doter les concepteurs de nouvelles capacités de conception. Enfin, nous abordons la question des conditions d'une cohésion au sein des collectifs d'acteurs engagés dans les projets urbains durables. L'émiettement et l'hétérogénéité des acteurs des projets urbains rendent, en effet, cette recherche de cohésion particulièrement difficile à obtenir. Dans cette perspective, nous avons identifié des situations innovantes où émerge un rôle collectif de conception qui dépasse les intérêts et les identités professionnelles particuliers des acteurs. Cette découverte ouvre un nouveau champ d'interaction à l'interface entre Organization Studies, Urban Studies et le Pragmatism.
14
Jung, Yusun. "A Dialogic Action Perspective on Open Collective Inquiry in Online Forums." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1327699379.
Full text
15
Lopez, Flores René. "Collaborative framework in computer aided innovation 2.0 : Application to process system engineering." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0087/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'innovation est un processus complexe qui demande des techniques et des outils collaboratifs pour la gestion des connaissances et la communication, afin que les entreprises surmontent les défis d'une économie concurrentielle. Une nouvelle catégorie d’outils connus sous l’acronyme CAI (Computer Aided Innovation) émerge parmi l’éventail des technologies assistées par ordinateur afin de répondre aux demandes industrielles pour une plus grande fiabilité des nouveaux produits et procédés. L’objectif de ces outils (en cours de développement) est d’aider les concepteurs durant tout le processus d’innovation. Actuellement la mise en oeuvre d’un tel outil doit prendre en considération deux développements récents majeurs. Le premier est d’ordre technologique avec les possibilités offertes par le Web 2.0 dans le développement de logiciel. Le deuxième est plus stratégique avec un changement de vision de l’innovation passant de l’innovation fermée (interne à l’entreprise) à l’innovation ouverte (Open Innovation). Ces deux aspects conduisent à de nouvelles formes de CAI nommé Open CAI 2.0. Cette recherche propose une des briques d’un tel outil, pour assister les ingénieurs procédés à résoudre des problèmes innovants principalement dans la phase de conception préliminaire. Nous présentons la structure et la fonctionnalité d’un cadre de collaboration qui met en oeuvre une méthode développée basée sur le couplage entre la théorie TRIZ, et une technique de gestion des connaissances: le raisonnement à partir de cas (RàPC). Ce cadre est une extension du modèle TRIZ-RàPC validé dans le domaine du génie de procèdes. L’approche du processus de résolution est illustrée sur une étude de cas traitant de la gazéification de la biomasseIn economy nowadays, the act of innovation is in general social; it requires the management of knowledge, and the techniques and methodologies to drive it. Innovation is not the product of one isolated intelligence, instead, it is the result of a multi-disciplinary workgroup lead by a process or a methodology. The conceptual design, which is found in the first stages of the innovation process, represents one of the most important challenges in industry nowadays. One of the main challenges faced by chemical industries related to the conceptual design phase is to provide the means in the form of methods and computational tools, for solving problems systematically, at the same time that benefiting from the collective efforts of individual intelligences involved. Hence, the main objective of this work is to provide a solution to improve the creative capacity of a team involved in the innovation process, in particular the preliminary (critical) phase of conceptual design. Consequently, it is important to understand the techniques, methods and tools that best support the generation of novel ideas and creative solutions. In addition, it is necessary to study the contribution of information and communication technologies as the mean to support collaboration. Web technologies are considered as complementary tools to implement methods and techniques in collaborative design, and particularly in the conceptual design stage. These technologies allow setting up distributed collaborative environments to bring together the resources and the experts who can relate the existing pieces of knowledge to new contexts. It is the synergy created in this kind of environment, which allow producing valuable concepts and ideas in the form of Collective Intelligence. Nevertheless in most existing solutions for collective intelligence or crowdsourcing environments, they do not report the use of a particular methodology to improve the participants' creativity. The solution in this work describes a social network service that enables users to cooperatively solve problems oriented (but not limited) to the phase of conceptual design. In this work we propose that the use of Collective Intelligence in combination with the model TRIZ-CBR could lead the creative efforts in a team to develop innovative solutions. With this work we are looking for connecting experts from one particular field, TRIZ practitioners and stakeholders with the objective to solve problems in collaboration unlashing the collective intelligence to improve creativity. This work uses the basis of the concept named "Open CAI 2.0" to propose a solution in the form of a theoretical framework. The contributions seek to move the development of the field in Computer Aided Innovation a step forward
16
Real, Marion. "Accompagner la maturation des concepts au sein des processus d’éco-innovation : proposition de la méthode MIRAS, pour aider à surmonter les fixations collectives et explorer les réseaux de parties prenantes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0261/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans une démarche d’éco-innovation, les entreprises cherchent à inventer et mettre en oeuvre de nouvelles activités plus durables parfois en rupture avec leurs pratiques existantes, et qui entraînent des changements plus ou moins importants au sein de leurs offres, de leur business model, et parfois sur l’ensemble de leurs écosystèmes. Confrontée à de tels enjeux et des dynamiques associées souvent complexes de par leur nature parfois techniques, économiques, sociales, juridiques, politiques…, l’entreprise et les parties prenantes du projet en émergence semblent ne pas toujours réussir à suffisamment s’écarter consciemment des cadres cognitifs existants pour explorer des alternatives en adéquation avec les ambitions initiales d’un projet d’éco-innovation. Ainsi, les trajectoires empruntées par ces projets sont susceptibles d’entrainer par exemple une dilution des valeurs environnementales et sociales ou de provoquer l’abandon de projets par un manque de considération des dimensions techniques ou économiques.Les travaux présentés ici portent sur la phase de maturation des concepts éco-innovants et cherchent à développer des modalités d’accompagnement pour éviter ou surpasser de telles situations dites de « fixation collective ».L’approche méthodologique repose sur une recherche-action effectuée au sein de l’organisme d’accompagnement Apesa structurée en deux étapes :- L’analyse de trois cas de projets d’éco-innovation nous a d’abord permis de caractériser la problématique des pratiques d’accompagnement et plus précisément les fixations collectives présentes lors de la maturation des concepts.- Cette première étude a alimenté la démarche de conception mise en oeuvre pour élaborer la méthode MIRAS, l’apport principal de notre recherche.La méthode MIRAS propose un panel d’outils d’animation destinés aux acteurs de l’accompagnement pour aider les groupes projets lors des phases de maturation de leur concept et de leur potentiel de soutenabilité en visant un certain équilibre du triptyque économique – environnemental – social). Dans cette optique, MIRAS vise à adopter une pensée systémique, qui ne soit pas centrée seulement sur l’entreprise mais qui reconsidère l’ensemble des dimensions du « réseau élargi des parties prenantes »During the development of eco-innovations, companies are looking to implement a new activity that can create ruptures with its existing practices and cause many changes in their business model. In such complex situations, the stakeholders of emerging projects have some difficulties to consciously deviate from existing cognitive frameworks to explore alternatives in line with the initial goals of the project. Thus, they take trajectories that may lead to a dilution of the environmental and social values or cause the abandonment of projects. The work presented here focuses on the maturation of eco-innovative concepts and seeks to develop tools and methods to avoid and overcome such situations called collective fixations.The methodological approach is based on an action research conducted in the organization Apesa and structured in two steps:- The analysis of three case-studies of eco-innovative projects allowed us to characterize supporting practices and deepen our knowledge on the collective fixation present during the maturation of concepts.- This first study has fueled the design process of the MIRAS method, the main contribution of our research.The MIRAS method offers a toolkit designed for eco-innovation intermediaries in order to help them to structure their intervention during the stage of concept maturation. Specifically the tools help to improve the sustainability potential of concepts, to analyze project group behaviors during sessions and to revisit stakeholder networks so as to anticipate future mutations and news ways of incubation
17
Mathlouthi, Inès. "L'action collective marketing - R&D dans les projets d'innovation industrielle : le cas d'Alstom transport." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1088.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche est consacrée à l’étude des dynamiques relationnelles intraorganisationnelles autour de l’innovation, dans l’action collective. L’objectif consiste à comprendre la relation d’échange à travers l’analyse des interactions mêlant Marketing et R&D dans les projets d’innovation industrielle. Il s’agit d’en tirer une conceptualisation de la manière dont les acteurs des projets interagissent dans le but de réaliser un objet en commun. Pour ce faire, nous avons mobilisé les travaux relatifs à l’action collective et à la théorie de l’acteur stratégique pour rendre compte des dynamiques d’élaboration, de maintien et d’évolution des relations d’échange autour des projets d’innovation au sein des organisations. Notre travail porte sur une compréhension autant des formes que du contenu des interactions. Deux projets d’innovation développés par Alstom sont étudiés de façon détaillée ; le premier concerne la nouvelle génération de trains à grande vitesse et le second la nouvelle solution de signalisation urbaine. Ces deux études de cas longitudinales permettent d’expliciter et de conceptualiser notre compréhension de l’action collective inter-fonctionnelle sur l’innovation. La méthodologie de recherche repose sur une approche inductive avec une stratégie d’exploration dans une logique de compréhension d’un phénomène. Outre l’identification de facteurs caractéristiques de l’action collective (liés principalement à des oscillations entre coopération et conflit), il ressort de cette recherche des éléments decompréhension de la dynamique relationnelle autour de la socialisation et de la formalisation des liens (à travers la mise en évidence de l’importance de la légitimitéThis research aims at contributing to the field of inter-groups relations and collective action around innovation. Our objective is to understand the relations of inter-functional work and partnering within organizations through the analysis of interaction. More specifically, it seeks to describe the process of collective action between Marketing and R&D in innovation projects in large firms. Our purpose is to create a conceptual model describing the way in which members ofthe organization interact to achieve a common goal. For this purpose, we call upon the theory of collective action and the theory of the strategic agent to explain the dynamics of development, preservation and evolution of the relations of exchange around innovation within organizations. This is done by analysing modes and forms of interactions. Two innovation projects are studied in details (they stem from the development of the new generation of fast speed trains and the new signalling solution for urban transportation system –both at Alstom), thus permitting to build our representation of inter-functional collective action around innovative activities. The research methodology used is an inductive approach with a strategy of exploration on the basis of longitudinal case studies. Beyond the structural aspects of collective action based on interaction (with oscillations between cooperation and conflict), this research examines the cognitive dimension of relational dynamics about socialisation and formalisation and the importance of the legitimacy of actors, both as individuals and as representatives of their function / organization. The formalization of the relations of exchange and the understanding
18
Dhuyvetter, William. "Dynamique du contrôle dans un projet de déploiement de pratiques : Un cas de pratiques environnementales et de maitrise des risques dans un réseau d'agences." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22015.
Full textAbstract:
Le but de cette recherche est de décrire et de comprendre le contrôle du transfert de Bonnes Pratiques entre différentes agences réparties sur le territoire. Cette étude émerge de l’observation d’un problème terrain : à partir d’un jeu de pratiques environnementales et de maitrises des risques dites « idéales » et sélectionnées pour avoir déjà prouvées leur efficacité dans d’autres unités organisationnelles, les membres du Comité de Pilotage transforment ces pratiques, tout au long des réunions du projet, de façon à permettre leur implémentation. Mais ces pratiques dépassent la simple application de prescriptions règlementaires et sont souvent des innovations pour l’entreprise. Ces innovations engagent le Comité de pilotage dans un véritable processus de conception. La finalité du projet est d’autonomiser les opérateurs dans l’usage de ces pratiques qui doivent pouvoir appréhender le terrain, adapter leur réponse tout en se conformant à l’idéal porté par la pratique. Notre hypothèse de travail est que l’action du Comité est mue par une logique de contrôle. Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à caractériser la façon dont le Comité de pilotage de ce projet contrôle le déploiement de ces Bonnes Pratiques et à rendre compte de sa dynamique. Pour répondre à cette question, cette étude conduite au sein de la filiale régionale d’un groupe s’inscrit dans une approche qualitative. Notre méthode d’analyse s’appuie sur le recours à la théorie ancrée en se fondant sur les éléments empiriques du terrain. Pour caractériser le processus de contrôle, nous avons voulu échapper aux catégories usuelles des mécanismes de contrôle de la théorie (Ouchi, 1979 ; Simons, 2004) en expliquant comment l’acteur collectif Comité de pilotage, par des actions sur le processus de conception des pratiques, par des actions d’information et de formation des agents et par des actions sur la rédaction de fiches de procédures, cherchait à s’assurer que chaque membre du Comité de pilotage et les agents impliqués dans ce processus de conception se comportent dans le sens des objectifs fixés par la Direction générale. Ainsi, parmi nos contributions, le niveau de granularité plus fin dans l’analyse du contrôle nous a permis d’apporter une relecture des travaux traditionnels en contrôle. Pour rendre compte de la dynamique du contrôle, nous procédons également à une opérationnalisation du modèle de la réplication de Winter et Szulanski (2001). En complément, nos résultats illustrent la dynamique du contrôle fondée sur l’analyse de la convergence des projets par Midler (1993)The purpose of this study is to describe and understand how the transfer of the Good Practices among the different agencies spread out in the territory is controlled. This research emerges from a problem observed in practice : based on a set of environmental and risk-management practices which were said to be « ideal » and which had proved to be efficient, the members of the Piloting Committee transform these practices throughout their project meetings so that they may be implemented. Those practices however, go beyond statutory requirements, and often turn out to be innovations for companies. Those innovations engage the Piloting Committee in a true conception process. The project aims at making the users/operators autonomous. They are to be able to apprehend the situation and adapt their response, all the while complying with the fundamental ideal of the Practice. Our working hypothesis is that the action of the Piloting Committee is driven by logic of control. In this work, we are seeking to characterize the way the Piloting Committee of this project controls the way in which the Good Practices are implemented and to report their dynamics. To investigate these research questions, a qualitative study was designed and conducted. We use grounded theory methodology. This intervention-research led in a subsidiary company. To characterize the control process, we chose to avoid the usual categories of mechanical control of the theory (Ouchi, 1979; Simons, 2004). Instead, we chose to explain how the collective actor Piloting Committee, by setting up information and training campaigns for all the Piloting Committee members and at the actors involved in the conception process, sought to ensure that each and every one was indeed acting consistently and in compliance with the targets set by the General Management. We are procceeding to the operationalization of the replication of Winter and Szulanski model (2001). Our results show Midler’s work (1993)
19
Vacher, Béatrice. "PUISSANCE DE L'ECOUTE FLOTTANTE DANS L'ACTION COLLECTIVE. Agencements organisationnels et communicationnels des activités d'information." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872446.
Full textAbstract:
Cette habilitation est une synthèse de mes travaux de recherche entamés il y a une vingtaine d'années ainsi que la présentation de nouveaux résultats. Ces derniers sont résumés par un ensemble de grilles d'analyse que je mets à l'épreuve de six terrains pour en cerner les potentiels d'innovation. En effet, depuis la thèse où je montrais le poids de tâches d'intendance dans les organisations, je soutiens aujourd'hui, grâce aux sciences de l'information et de la communication, à quel point ces tâches peuvent être facteur d'innovation selon l'écoute et le regard qu'on leur porte. Après avoir approfondi les phénomènes de coopération et de cloisonnement organisationnels à travers l'étude du décalage entre une gestion de l'information intentionnelle et sa réalisation, j'ai développé une analyse à la fois communicationnelle et organisationnelle des activités d'information. Il s'agit de prendre en considération la parole et l'écoute dans l'action collective comme articulation entre les niveaux quotidien, stratégique et politique. Je mobilise pour cela une méthodologie de type ethnographie de la communication et des organisations associant clinique et Grounded Theory. Je peux ainsi croiser des intentions, des réalisations et des justifications concernant des mises en place d'outillages informationnels. Cela ouvre à une théorie qui permet de cerner la cohérence entre des comportements individuels et des prescriptions associées à des jugements organisationnels. Cette théorie des rôles et des performances offre un point de vue communicationnel et organisationnel pour mieux comprendre l'insertion de l'action collective dans le monde économique et politique contemporain. L'action collective est en effet un ensemble inséparable de savoirs et de relations où intervient fortement le jugement : chacun agit en mobilisant ses connaissances tout en étant soumis au jugement d'autrui. Elle est ainsi chargé de prescriptions (et/ou de proscriptions) réciproques et forme un ensemble d'interprétations sous contraintes institutionnelles et culturelles, ce qui renvoie à la façon dont chacun justifie ses actes dans des rapports de légitimité. La dimension culturelle est cruciale et je la prends d'autant plus en considération depuis que j'habite en Espagne. La question de départ pour développer de nouveaux résultats semble simple, voire triviale : quel est le pouvoir des mots et surtout de l'écoute correspondante dans la sphère restreinte du travail ordinaire ? Cette question est en fait complexe car qui écoute, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit d'une parole d'apparence anodine ? Ecouter, c'est prendre le risque de ne pas comprendre, c'est-à-dire accepter de laisser autrui prendre du pouvoir sur soi. L'écoute est problématique parce qu'elle est corporelle et, à ce compte, elle force le rapport au travail réel (au sens des ergonomes), historiquement laissé aux plus faibles. Comme l'information indisciplinée dont je traitais dans ma thèse, la parole et l'écoute ne se prédisent pas, elles engagent les personnes, elles perturbent un ordre qui se voudrait établi dans les normes. Cette approche est d'autant plus importante dans les contextes institutionnels et sociaux actuels : dans les organisations, chacun est soumis aux injonctions d'autonomie et de responsabilité en même temps qu'il doit prévoir et rendre compte de son travail dans des détails de plus en plus précis (mais pas toujours précisés). Par ailleurs, en partie sous prétexte de la puissance des technologies, les spécialistes des " petits boulots " ont disparu. Chacun s'attelle alors à " ranger, classer " sans pour autant toujours valoriser ces tâches qui donnent sens à l'action collective. Les individus se trouvent alors de plus en plus souvent en position schizophrène et en souffrance. La question de la reconnaissance dans ses trois dimensions (confiance en soi, estime de soi, respect de soi), en référence aux travaux d'A. Honneth, est centrale : qui suis-je pour autrui ? Qui est autrui pour moi ? Au-delà de la parole dans l'interaction, se pose la question de sa légitimité et de la place (sociale, institutionnelle, culturelle) de l'individu. Cette place n'est pas choisie, elle dépend de l'histoire. J'ai alors mis l'accent sur la reconnaissance comme capacité d'être au monde, telle que le propose Paul Ricœur : pouvoir dire, faire, raconter et être comptable de ses actes, ce qui ouvre à une capacité de recevoir, de reconnaître autrui et qui se concrétise par la gratitude. Elle relativise la quête incessante de disponibilité qui, elle, se manifeste par une réactivité toujours plus vive, une flexibilité et une mobilité sans limite. J'observe ainsi les signes ambivalents des organisations contemporaines comme le surmenage associé au plaisir autant qu'à des malaises mal reconnus dans la mesure où ils s'expriment de façon corporelle. Sur mes terrains, ni la taille, ni le métier, ni les inscriptions sociales et politiques n'expliquent ces mélanges ambigus de plaisir et de malaise. En revanche, écouter les points de vue sur les situations vécues est riche d'enseignement : l'organisation n'est en rien univoque mais dépend de l'interprétation dont elle fait l'objet et notamment de la façon dont chacun, selon sa place, met en place et mobilise les instruments de gestion. Je considère alors ces derniers comme des artefacts communicationnels et informationnels, à savoir des objets et symboles ayant la double particularité d'augmenter les capacités de l'ensemble dans lequel ils s'insèrent et d'en transformer l'état et le fonctionnement. A l'instar de Michèle Lacoste, je remarque que ces artefacts sont non seulement fonctionnels (rendre compte, prévoir, juger, cadrer) mais aussi relationnels (négocier, discuter, faire des confidences, raconter, facteur d'émotions plus ou moins partagées, etc.). Apparaît alors l'importance de l'écoute " flottante " dans l'action collective, c'est-à-dire lorsque l'attention est portée sur qui parle et dans quelles situations et non pas sur ce qui est dit. L'étudier, c'est repérer les activités d'information (l'action mais aussi son potentiel et ses alternatives) pour s'intéresser ensuite aux cadres communicationnels et organisationnels ainsi qu'aux contextes correspondants. Le cadrage communicationnel consiste à mettre en évidence des rôles clés, plus ou moins tournés vers le comptable (faire ou montrer) ou le racontable (socialiser ou rassurer), l'action (faire et socialiser) ou la preuve (montrer et rassurer). Le cadrage organisationnel permet de dévoiler quels outils de gestion sont plus ou moins mobilisés, comment et par qui. Les cadres rendent ainsi compte de la façon dont les individus au travail considèrent les activités des autres, les ressources qui les entourent et l'organisation dont ils font partie. Une triple mise en contexte rend ensuite possible de comprendre (ou au moins de tenter de comprendre) la compatibilité ou non des points de vue des protagonistes sur les terrains : institutionnelle (position hiérarchique et poids de certains critères d'évaluation par rapport à d'autres), rhétorique (évolution potentielle des énonciations qui sont de véritables innovations dans le contexte culturel occidental) et culturelle (tenter de comprendre le poids des évidences pour envisager les possibilités de réalisation de ces innovations). Ce repérage d'activités d'information suivi des cadrages et mises en contexte montrent que l'innovation organisationnelle a lieu lorsque se déploie une capacité de reconnaissance mutuelle. Cette dernière se manifeste par une marque de gratitude quel que soit le niveau hiérarchique et correspond à l'écoute flottante. Elle permet que manutention de l'information et bricolage organisationnel soient acceptés comme incontournables et perçus comme autant d'indices de changements potentiels. L'évolution s'effectue alors à travers une remise en cause des artefacts informationnels et communicationnels au premier rang desquels se trouvent les instruments de gestion. On remarquera que cette reconnaissance mutuelle n'est pas efficace en termes d'innovation si elle est déployée uniquement entre personnels subalternes. Sa force tient dans sa répartition équilibrée sur la ligne hiérarchique comme l'illustrent les terrains présentés dans le chapitre résultats. En somme, pour rendre effective l'innovation à base de routine, une proposition émerge à partir des résultats, celle de penser l'action collective au niveau stratégique et gouvernemental sous forme de quelques proscriptions plutôt que de multiplier les prescriptions qui, trop nombreuses, ne peuvent être que contournées et perdent alors toute valeur. La distinction entre proscription et prescription tient à l'énonciation : la proscription est une loi énoncée par l'interdit alors que la prescription est une norme de droit énoncée de façon positive en relation aux devoirs. L'interdiction a ceci d'intéressant par rapport à une énumération de droits et de devoirs : elle est à la fois un cadre structurant pour se préserver de l'arbitraire de l'autre et une incitation à inventer les actions positives. Les terrains présentés montrent par exemple que les quatre cas innovants sont tenus par une interdiction, celle de voir disparaître l'essentiel de leur travail. Ces grilles et l'apport de la reconnaissance par l'écoute " flottante " méritent d'être complétés, critiqués et mis à l'épreuve de nouveaux terrains opérationnels. Mes résultats posent en effet au moins trois autres questions à traiter de façon complémentaire : celle des différences hommes - femmes au travail, celle de la place des TIC dans le cadre des organisations et celle des nouvelles formes de précarité organisationnelle.
20
Mason, Brenda Gale. "Beauty is Precious, Knowledge is Power, and Innovation is Progress: Widely Held Beliefs in Policy Narratives about Oil Spills." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5736.
Full textAbstract:
Scholars from diverse perspectives have sought to understand the features and mechanisms that influence the design and implementation of public policy. Some (realists) have emphasized the role that material interests have played while others (idealists) have emphasized the influence of subjective ideas on ‘how policy means’ (Yanow 1996). Recently, observers in both camps have demonstrated curiosity in the influence of culture on policymaking and its consequences. Regrettably, this shared concern has not resulted in much collaboration across epistemological divides.
I argue that narrative analysis provides a way to bridge the divides by specifying an interpretive approach that identifies culture as encompassing both interests and ideas in policymaking processes. I draw from the works of scholars in phenomenology, narratology, cultural sociology, disaster studies and public policy to illustrate a systematic approach to investigating and interpreting congressional hearings as narratives that reveal cultural taken-for-granted assumptions about how the world should work (Loseke 2003). I argue that examining narratives of political actors can empirically delineate both objective interests as well as subjective ideas. In particular, I compare and contrast diverse stories about three U.S. oil spills (Santa Barbara, Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon) to illuminate taken-for-granted beliefs about our social and natural worlds. With this emphasis, I aim to contribute to understandings of how culture works in policymaking, which also sheds light on how culture may influence the wider social order more generally. I conclude with a discussion of potential implications regarding our shared natural resources.
21
Ntsonde, Joël. "Entre utopie et action collective, comment accompagner la transition des territoires vers l'économie circulaire ? : Le cas de la commande publique dans le secteur de la construction." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM035.
Full textAbstract:
L’économie circulaire rencontre un succès grandissant dans la société et apparaît comme un levier majeur pouvant être mis au service de la transition écologique. Mais de manière assez paradoxale, l’engouement actuel autour de ce nouveau modèle semble plus lié à sa dimension utopique qu’à sa solidité scientifique. Ce constat soulève plusieurs questions telles que : pourquoi autant d’acteurs sont attirés par un concept qui reste encore flou ? Qu’est ce que les sciences de gestion peuvent-elles nous apprendre sur ce phénomène ? Comment l’économie circulaire peut-elle contribuer à favoriser une transition écologique ? Jusqu’à présent la littérature académique s’est peu intéressée à la dimension utopique de l’économie circulaire et à son impact en termes d’action collective. Afin d’étudier ce phénomène, la thèse s'intéresse aux mécanismes cognitifs, organisationnels et inter-organisationnels qui sous-tendent la transition d’un territoire vers l'économie circulaire. A partir du cas de la commande publique dans le secteur de la construction, nous questionnons ensuite les "transition studies" (Markard et al., 2012) pour proposer un modèle de transition conceptualisant les mécanismes qui peuvent permettre à des acteurs économiques, sociaux et politiques d’accompagner la transition de leur territoire vers l’économie circulaire. Ce modèle part des processus qui amènent des entrepreneurs à concevoir des innovations, puis conceptualise les mécanismes qui conduisent des organisations publiques et privées à coopérer avec ces entrepreneurs, avant d’expliciter les mécanismes à partir desquels cette dynamique d'action collective peut matérialiser la transition d’un territoireCircular economy is meeting with growing success in society and appears to be a major lever that can be put to the service of the ecological transition. But paradoxically enough, the current craze around this new model seems more linked to its utopian dimension than to its scientific solidity. This observation raises several questions such as: why are so many actors attracted by a concept that is still unclear? What can management science teach us about this phenomenon? How can circular economy help foster an ecological transition? Until now, academic literature has paid little attention to the utopian dimension of circular economy and its impact in terms of collective action. In order to study this phenomenon, the thesis focuses on the cognitive, organizational and inter-organizational mechanisms that underlie the transition of a territory to circular economy. Using the case of public procurement in the construction sector, we then question the transition studies (Markard et al., 2012) to propose a transition model conceptualizing the mechanisms that can enable economic, social and political actors to support the transition of their local area to circular economy. This model starts from the processes that lead entrepreneurs to design innovations, and then conceptualizes the mechanisms that lead public and private organizations to cooperate with these entrepreneurs, before explaining the mechanisms from which this dynamic of collective action can materialize the transition of a territory
22
Kaiser, Philipp Nils Patrick, and Susanne Lintner. "Between stability and instability : Analyzing the influence of contradictory narratives in the Gripen E development on the collective sensemaking process." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166412.
Full textAbstract:
A growing number of organizations developing complex innovation projects face the dilemma that complexity demands more stability, resulting in increased sensemaking efforts, whilst innovation requires instability which encourages the organization to breakdown meaning. The aim of this study is to shed light on the simultaneous need for a strong sensemaking process and a breaking down in meaning in complex innovation projects by analyzing the collective sensemaking process through a storytelling lens. By conducting an explorative case study, we investigated a long-term development project in the Swedish defense industry. The qualitative study is based upon ten in-depth interviews with technical experts occupying key positions in the investigated project (JAS39 Gripen E-series development). We followed a process study approach to investigate the dynamic attributes and effects of a changing dominant story on the sensemaking process of project sub-teams. We propose that the dual attributes of arising dominating narratives allow sub- collectives to "escape" the dangerous downward spiral of a collapsing sensemaking process, as they enable individuals with cause maps contradictory to an organization's dominant story to remain in action. The acceptance of temporal relaxed stability can therefore be seen as an important step in the creation of radical innovation.
23
Bertin, Clarice. "Driving factors for symbiotic collaborations between startups and large firms in open innovation ecosystems." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/Bertin_Clarice_2020_ED221.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La collaboration entre startups et grandes entreprises s’avère de plus en plus nécessaire dans le contexte actuel d’innovation ouverte, d’accélération de la demande du marché et donc de course de plus en plus rapide à l’innovation. Ces partenaires asymétriques présentent toutefois des différences notoires qui peuvent générer une distance entre eux, susceptible de mettre en péril le projet de collaboration. Au-delà de la dyade, d’autres acteurs de l’écosystème, en particulier les intermédiaires de l’innovation, participent également au projet de collaboration. L’objectif de cette thèse est de faire émerger les facteurs favorisant la collaboration symbiotique entre startups et grandes entreprises, basés sur une indépendance organisationnelle et financière des acteurs. Cette thèse vise également à montrer l’intérêt du recours à l’analogie avec la symbiose biologique entre symbiotes interagissant dans un écosystème donné. Il s’agit ainsi de mettre en exergue les facteurs d’équilibre de la relation, dans une optique gagnant-gagnant. Partant des différences mises en lumière à travers la distance cognitive, cette recherche propose d’étudier le phénomène de la collaboration startup - grande entreprise selon une approche exploratoire et une méthode mixte, qualitative et quantitative, basée sur la méthode des cas. L’étude de 38 cas réalisée (ayant conduit à une collecte de données auprès de 53 répondants sous forme d’entretiens et de questionnaire) propose une approche temporelle, multi-perspectives et holistique, mobilisant le cadre théorique de la proximité (géographique, cognitive, sociale, organisationnelle) et celui des capacités dynamiques. Cette recherche a donné lieu à quatre articles conduisant à plusieurs contributions théoriques et managériales. En premier lieu, l’étude selon la perspective des startups a permis d’identifier les facteurs favorisant la proximité et la collaboration entre startups et grandes entreprises en fonction de quatre niveaux : intra-organisationnel de la grande entreprise, intra-organisationnel de la startup, inter-organisationnel et écosystémique. La poursuite de l’exploration a mis en lumière la complémentarité des compétences des équipes fondatrices de startups, en comparaison avec les startupers solos, et qui est source de proximité avec les grandes entreprises. La suite de l’étude, selon la perspective des grandes entreprises, a mis en évidence l’importance d’un management fondé sur l’intelligence collective ainsi que de l’évolution du rôle des managers intermédiaires des grandes entreprises dans l’implémentation d’une stratégie d’innovation ouverte intégrant une variété d’acteurs, telles que les startups. Enfin, l’étude de la perspective des intermédiaires de l’innovation quant à leurs rôles dans le développement de la collaboration startup - grande entreprise a permis de faire émerger ces différents rôles selon trois phases de la construction de la collaboration, dont celui de constituer une ressource externe pour la grande entreprise pour la régénération de ses capacités dynamiques. Une contribution transversale est également l’identification et l’opérationnalisation des 2+1 phases de la collaboration suivant un axe chronologique : les phases Amont, de Design et de Processus de la collaborationCollaboration between startups and large firms is becoming increasingly necessary in the current context of open innovation, accelerating market demand and thus the increasingly rapid race to innovate. These asymmetrical partners, however, present significant differences that can generate a distance between them that can jeopardize the collaboration project. Beyond the dyad, other actors of the ecosystem, in particular innovation intermediaries, also participate in the collaborative project. The objective of this thesis is to bring out the factors fostering symbiotic collaboration between startups and large firms, based on an organizational and financial independence of the actors. This thesis also aims to show the interest of using the analogy with the biological symbiosis between symbionts interacting in a given ecosystem. The aim is thus to highlight the balance factors of the relationship, in a win-win perspective. Starting from the differences brought to light through cognitive distance, this research proposes to study the phenomenon of startup - large firm collaboration according to an exploratory approach and a mixed qualitative and quantitative method, based on the case method. The study of 38 cases carried out (leading to a data collection from 53 respondents in the form of interviews and survey) proposes a time-based, multi-perspective and holistic approach, mobilizing the theoretical framework of proximity (geographical, cognitive, social, organizational) and that of dynamic capabilities. This research resulted in four articles leading to several theoretical and managerial contributions. Firstly, the study from the startup's perspective allowed to identify the factors fostering proximity and collaboration between startups and large firms according to four levels: intra-organizational of the large firm, intra-organizational of the startup, inter-organizational and ecosystemic. Further exploration has then highlighted the complementary skills of startup founding teams, compared to solo startuppers, which is a source of proximity to large firms. The continuation of the study, from the perspective of large firms, brought to light the importance of a management based on collective intelligence as well as the evolving role of middle managers in large firms in the implementation of an open innovation strategy integrating a variety of actors, such as startups. Finally, the study of the perspective of innovation intermediaries regarding their roles in the development of startup - large firm collaboration has allowed these different roles to emerge according to three phases of the collaboration construction, including that of constituting an external resource for the large firm for the regeneration of its dynamic capabilities. A transversal contribution is also the identification and operationalization of the 2+1 phases of the collaboration along a chronological axis: the Upstream, Design and Process phases of the collaboration
24
De, La Burgade Emmanuel. "Industrie de service et logiques d'innovation : un modèle de conception collective et étagée. L'exemple de La Poste." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006012.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse part du postulat qu'une entreprise doit innover et créer de la valeur pour rester compétitive. L'entreprise doit donc chercher à organiser les logiques d'innovation pour favoriser tout autant des innovations autonomes que des innovations induites. La littérature a longtemps privilégié des modèles de management de l'innovation issus de l'industrie. Pourtant, si même les dernières générations de ces modèles ont proposé des améliorations notables, elles n'en gardent pas moins une vision verticale de l'entreprise qui n'est pas compatible avec les spécificités du service. Il s'avère en effet difficile de séparer, dans les activités de services, les processus de conception, de production, de distribution et de consommation. C'est dans ce contexte que la thèse cherche à identifier un modèle de conception plus approprié à ce type d'activités. À partir d'un raisonnement inductif basé sur huit innovations de service postales, elle propose une modélisation du processus de conception en identifiant trois propriétés : la personnalisation, la contractualisation à long terme et l'animation. La mise en œuvre de ces trois propriétés rend saillant l'articulation entre les différents métiers et échelons hiérarchiques dans un processus de conception collectif et étagé du service. D'un point de vue théorique, la thèse apporte une modélisation originale dont l'application demeure toutefois limitée à la fois de par sa complexité et de par les facteurs de contingence qui lui sont propres.
25
La, Burgade Emmanuel De. "Industrie de service et logiques d'innovation : un modèle de conception collective et étagée : l'exemple de la Poste." Ecole nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENMP1688.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse part du postulat qu'une entreprise doit innover et créer de la valeur pour rester compétitive. L'entreprise doit donc chercher à organiser les logiques d'innovation pour favoriser tout autant des innovations autonomes que des innovations induites. La littérature a longtemps privilégié des modèles de management de l'innovation issus de l'industrie. Pourtant, si même les dernières générations de ces modèles ont proposé des améliorations notables, elles n'en gardent pas moins une vision verticale de l'entreprise qui n'est pas compatible avec les spécificités du service. Il s'avère en effet difficile de séparer, dans les activités de services, les processus de conception, de production, de distribution et de consommation. C'est dans ce contexte que la thèse cherche à identifier un modèle de conception plus approprié à ce type d'activités. À partir d'un raisonnement inductif basé sur huit innovations de service postales, elle propose une modélisation du processus de conception en identifiant trois propriétés : la personnalisation, la contractualisation à long terme et l'animation. La mise en œuvre de ces trois propriétés rend saillant l'articulation entre les différents métiers et échelons hiérarchiques dans un processus de conception collectif et étagé du service. D'un point de vue théorique, la thèse apporte une modélisation originale dont l'application demeure toutefois limitée à la fois de par sa complexité et de par les facteurs de contingence qui lui sont propres. ; The thesis postulates that a firm must innovate and create value so as to remain competitive. It should therefore organize its innovation to encourage both induced and autonomous processes of innovation. The literature has for long preferred the innovation management models that were developed for the industry. However, even if the latest generations of these models have seen considerable improvement, they have maintained a vertical view of the organisation which is not compatible with the characteristics of services. It is indeed challenging to separate one from the other the processes of design, production, delivery and consumption in service activities. The thesis therefore aims to develop a model that would fit better with the specific features of services. An inductive approach, based on eight examples of postal innovation, describes and models the process of design by identifying three properties: the degree of customization of the service; the level of long term contracting; and the level of animation (internal and external marketing). The implementation of these three properties shows the articulation between all the different functions and hierarchical levels involved in a collective and an in-stage process of design. From a theoretical viewpoint, the thesis provides an original result whose application is however limited, both because of its complexity and because of the contingency factors
26
Doganova, Liliana. "Faire valoir l'exploration collective : dynamiques, instruments et résultats des partenariats avec des spin-offs académiques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564115.
Full textAbstract:
Comment évaluer le rôle que jouent les spin-offs académiques - ces entreprises créées pour valoriser les résultats de la recherche publique ? Pour répondre à cette question, cette thèse envisage les spin-offs dans leurs interactions avec les acteurs hétérogènes qui composent les réseaux techno-économiques de l'innovation. Elle décrit l'entrepreneuriat académique comme un processus d'exploration et de consolidation de nouvelles technologies, marchés et relations. De plus, la thèse examine ce que produisent les collaborations inter-organisationnelles qui se nouent au cours de ce processus. Elle montre notamment la diversité des effets générés, en distinguant la contribution de différents types de partenariats (d'exploration, d'exploitation et ambidextres) à différentes dimensions de l'innovation. Enfin, la thèse étudie la manière dont la valeur de ces associations exploratoires est construite dans la pratique d'une action collective qui engage les spin-offs et leurs partenaires et qui mobilise des dispositifs de " valuation " particuliers.
27
Szijarto, Barbara. "Mediating Social Change: Building Adaptive Learning Systems through Developmental Evaluation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39159.
Full textAbstract:
Complex social problems are at the forefront of our awareness. We are witnessing intensifying political, social and environmental challenges and waning confidence in our ability to engineer solutions. We are also seeing a proliferation of large scale, multi-agency interventions that seek change at the level of systems, and through which actors pursue adaptive learning as a means to develop effective solutions. Proponents assert that the prediction and control on which conventional program design and evaluation are based are not available under complex conditions. They propose instead that learning through experience in a program’s own context can create more responsive, impactful and sustainable interventions. These ideas offer a potentially transformative opportunity. However, they need to be complemented with a better understanding of implementation - the ‘ways of doing things’ that bring them to life.
This study focused on developmental evaluation as an example of an adaptive learning (AL) approach for the development of innovative social interventions. The study was informed by ‘sensemaking’ theories and research in organizational learning, knowledge mobilization and program evaluation. Through an exploratory lens and a mixed methods design, this study sheds light on the role of specialized intermediaries in an AL process; how the role is performed in practice; and what this implies for adaptive learning in the domain of social interventions. The study documents how an intermediary can help actors navigate recognized challenges of developing interventions under complex and dynamic conditions. The findings have implications for how an AL process is understood and implemented. They provide an empirical contribution to an emerging field of study on the design of AL systems, to support future research and real-world practice as AL approaches become mainstream.
28
Holloway, Jimeka J. "BRINGING SOCIAL INNOVATION TO SCALE: LEVERAGING RELATIONAL CAPITAL AND RISK-TAKING BEHAVIORS OF ACTORS IN COMPLEX ECOSYSTEMS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1487252947628322.
Full text
29
Meirelles, Durval Corr?a. "A inova??o e aprendizado coletivo: intera??o e coopera??o de empresas de base tecnol?gica em incubadoras de empresas." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/685.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2007- Durval Coorea Meirelles.pdf: 3028184 bytes, checksum: 35a420a4844eaaee93b18ed55bc4b28c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007-12-06This thesis looks for to identify, the process of innovation through the collective learning and the results gotten for nine companies of technological base, installed in three Incubators located in Rio De Janeiro. The study it involved field research, with application of together questionnaire to the incubators companies, standing out the on aspects to the innovation, cooperation and learning. The used questionnaire searched to identify the institutional drawings, the learning forms, interaction and cooperation enter the different integrant actors of the incubator and its relation with the university, and the result presented under the form of products and innovative services. The theoretical referential was elaborated on the basis of national and international bibliography, especially in the considered authors neo- Schumpeterian, passing for the institutionalists, that are analyzing the enterprise moment to the light of the new technological paradigms and its impacts in the organizations. Authors are distinguished who work the on aspects to the university/company partnership, the technological innovation, entrepreneurship, collective learning for interaction, productive arrangements, nets of knowledge and incubators of companies. The study he looked for to go deep itself on the processes of technological and organizationais changes. He had as objective the inquiry on as if he gives to the process of collective learning for interaction university-company and cooperation company-company and looked for to evaluate the results gotten for the incubates companies, through the creation of products or new processes. It left of the hypothesis of that the development of products or of innovative processes in the companies of technological base it to a large extent occurs for the process of collective learning that occurs in the incubator, through the relations of the companies with the university, of the interaction and cooperation between them and the localization of the incubator in the outskirts of the university.
Esta tese procura identificar, o processo de inova??o atrav?s do aprendizado coletivo e os resultados obtidos por nove empresas de base tecnol?gica, instaladas em tr?s Incubadoras localizadas no Rio de Janeiro. O estudo envolveu pesquisa de campo, com aplica??o de question?rio junto ?s empresas incubadoras, ressaltando os aspectos ligados ? inova??o, coopera??o e aprendizado. O question?rio utilizado buscou identificar os desenhos institucionais, as formas de aprendizado, intera??o e coopera??o entre os diferentes atores integrantes da incubadora e sua rela??o com a universidade, e o resultado apresentado sob a forma de produtos e servi?os inovadores. O referencial te?rico foi elaborado com base em bibliografia nacional e internacional, especialmente nos autores considerados neoschumpeterianos, passando pelos institucionalistas, que est?o analisando o momento empresarial ? luz dos novos paradigmas tecnol?gicos e seus impactos nas organiza??es. Destacam-se autores que trabalhem os aspectos ligados ? parceria universidade/empresa, a inova??o tecnol?gica, empreendedorismo, aprendizagem coletiva por intera??o, arranjos produtivos, redes de conhecimento e incubadoras de empresas. O estudo procurou se aprofundar sobre os processos de mudan?as tecnol?gicas e organizacionais. Teve como objetivos a investiga??o sobre o processo de aprendizado coletivo por intera??o universidade-empresa e coopera??o empresa-empresa e procurou avaliar os resultados obtidos pelas empresas incubadas, atrav?s da cria??o de produtos ou processos novos. Partiu da hip?tese de que o desenvolvimento de produtos ou de processos inovadores nas empresas de base tecnol?gica ocorre em grande parte pelo processo de aprendizado coletivo que ocorre na incubadora, atrav?s das rela??es das empresas com a universidade, da intera??o e coopera??o entre elas e a localiza??o da incubadora nos arredores da universidade.
30
Choe, Hee jin. "L’invention de la star de chanson française à l’aube de l’industrie musicale : edith Piaf et le star-système des années 1930 et 1940." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080056.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude a pour l’objectif d’examiner l’industrie musicale et le star-system des années 1930 et 1940. Certaines stars de cette période occupent encore une place considérable dans la mémoire collective ; parmi elles, Édith Piaf est encore régulièrement mentionnée par les médias en 2018. Un public de masse et de nouvelles formes culturelles populaires se forment parallèlement aux transformations politiques et économiques de la période du Front Populaire. Les acteurs musicaux commencent alors à déployer des stratégies de répétition et d’innovation. Ainsi, apparaissent : la réinterprétation de chansons à succès, l’imitation du style d’interprètes célèbres et l’introduction du jazz dans la chanson. À l’aube de l’industrie musicale, la radio prend l’avantage sur le disque dans la fabrication de stars. En effet, les stations radiophoniques privées rivalisent et diffusent la musique gratuitement. Par ailleurs, ces médiateurs font apparaître des chanteurs célèbres pour attirer davantage d’amateurs et de consommateurs. Sous l’Occupation, ce médiateur contribue fortement à la déformation de la réalité. Edith Piaf développe un style propre faisant appel aux émotions et développe ce qu’on appelle aujourd’hui, la « chanson d’amour » française. Sous l’Occupation son traitement médiatique a pour résultat de la re-former en tant que figure représentant « le passé en bonheur » sur lequel est projeté le « je impuissant » des individus, pour reprendre une expression de T.W. Adorno. L’image d’Édith Piaf et ses chansons sont par ailleurs des espaces de médiation de l’individualisme et du féminisme. Ainsi, la star n’est pas simplement fabriquée par les stratégies du star-system : la répétition et l’innovation. Elle découle aussi du fait que son image, son style, ses œuvres musicales et son discours dans les médias imprègnent certaines idéologies dans la réalité socialeThis study aims to examine the music industry and the star system of the 1930’s and 1940’s. We still talk today about some stars of the 1930s and 1940s. Among them, one French star that is recalled internationally by the media is Edith Piaf; she continues to be regularly mentioned by the media in 2018. A mass audience and new popular cultural forms appear simultaneously to the political and economic evolutions which occurred at the time of the Front populaire in France. From the 1930’s onwards, the French music industry star-system works with the logic of repetition and innovation, for example, release of cover songs, imitation of the style of famous performers and the introduction of jazz into French popular songs. At this dawn of French music industry and star system, radio stations take priority over record companies in the making of stars. In fact, the commercial radio stations are competing among each other and they play popular songs without extra cost for listeners. Furthermore, in the period of Nazi occupation, radio plays a major role in the propagation of the political ideology of the collaborationist Vichy government. Edith Piaf develops her emotional expressions, and creates her own style, what we call today, the `French love song´. During the German occupation of France, she was transformed into a symbolic figure of `the beautiful days of the past´ on which, as Adorno claims, the `lethargic self of individuals´ is projected. The image of Edith Piaf and her songs are also spaces of mediation for individualism and feminism. In short, the star is not simply manufactured by star-system strategies of repetition and innovation. The star is also born when his image, his style, his musical works and his media discourse penetrate certain ideologies in the specific social reality
31
Jolly, Charlotte. "La théorisation des innovations au sein de la méta-organisation expérimentale et créative (MOEC) : étude de cas dans le champ de la santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1080.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis plusieurs années le système de santé connait des changements importants, notamment dans la manière de « prendre soin ». L’originalité de la recherche est d’analyser le processus de théorisation par le prisme des innovations sociales au sein d’un espace favorable aux innovations, lequel est une forme organisée spécifique : la Méta-organisation expérimentale et créative (MOEC). Le processus de théorisation est peu étudié au sein d’une forme organisée spécifique et l’objectif de la recherche vise à enrichir la littérature par des contributions théoriques et empiriques. En ce sens, ce travail de recherche consiste à montrer l’importance de la théorisation lors de l’institutionnalisation d’une innovation ainsi que le rôle de la MOEC à initier et soutenir les innovations. La recherche s’intéresse aux innovations élaborées par une pluralité d’acteurs issus du champ de la santé (sanitaire, médico-social et social), lesquels se rassemblent au sein d’un espace ouvert (Espace partagé de santé publique), initié par le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceFor several years the health system experiencing significant changes, including how to "take care". The originality of the research is to analyze the theory of processes through the prism of social innovation in a favorable space to innovation, which is a specific organized form: the Meta-Organization Experimental and Creative (MOEC). The theorizing process is few studied and the research objectives are to enrich the literature of theoretical and empirical contributions. In this sense, this research work is to show the importance of theorizing in the institutionalization of innovation and the role of MOEC to initiate and support innovation. The research focuses on innovations developed by a plurality of actors from the field of health (health and medico-social), which gather in an open space (Shared space of public health), initiated by University Hospital of Nice. The research work is divided into four parts. The first part presents theoretical framework and links the three research subjects, "theorizing", "social innovation" and a "space for innovation : Meta-organization". They are well structured : how theorizing initiates and supports innovations in an experimental meta-organization and creative ? The second part presents the search field and the methodology used, including the epistemological choices. Given the research question, the focus is placed on three innovations developed by the EPSP : the project "Health sports seniors Saint-Roch" (4S), the "30 recommendations for retirements homes of the 21st century” and the “Center support social health (C3S)”. The third part presents the analysis of results from our different observations
32
Mokaddem, Sarra. "Analyse de l'échec des innovations dans un marché en émergence : approche intégratrice aux niveaux individuel et collectif." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0058/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le cadre de nos études doctorales, nous avons travaillé au sein d'une école d'ingénierie de renom qui a développé un partenariat avec l'entreprise Ecoway, en vue du développement de l'innovation de service Movin'out. Adressée aux particuliers (BtoC), aux entreprises, aux opérateurs et aux collectivités (BtoB), cette innovation se présente sous la forme d'une plateforme comunautaire d'écomobilité, visant à inciter les individus à adopter des modes de déplacement vertueux, et donc alternatifs à l'utilisation individuelle de la voiture. Malencontreusement, l'innovation de service responsable Movin'out n'a pas rencontrer le succès attendu pendant notre présence sur le terrain de recherche, et a été rejetée par les adopteurs potentiels sans générer l'effet communautaire.Malgré la richesse de la littérature sur la diffusion et l'adoption des innovations, celle-ci reste fragmentée. En effet, différentes approches ont vu le jour à la croisée de plusieurs disciplines. Ainsi, pour répondre à la question centrale de cette thèse et pour inscrire nos travaux dans le champ théorique du marketing de l'innovation, nous nous sommes premièrement concentrés sur l'approche linéaire développée par Rogers (2003) pour une analyse au niveau des individus, ainsi que sur les travaux sur les communautés virtuelles (Rheingold, 1993; Kozinets, 1999, 2002, 2010), pour une analyse au niveau collectif de l'innovation. Toutefois, ces approches, ne tenant pas compte de l'environnement social de l'individu et des interactions qu'il peut avoir avec l'objet (l'innovation) et les autres individus (les réseaux), nous les complétons avec les travaux en sociologie de l'innovation pour souligner l'importance des interactions dans les réseaux pour la construction réussie d'une innovation.Nous constatons que chaque approche théorique prise séparément en se focalisant sur un niveau d'analyse, que ce soit l'acteur individuel ou collectif, ne peut offrir une vision d'ensemble de la diffusion et de l'adoption des innovations. Aussi, notre objectif est de proposer une approche intégratrice à la croisée du marketing et de la sociologie de l'innovation afin d'analyser la construction échouée d'une innovation de service responsable en train de se faire, sur un marché en émergence, celui de l'écomobilité. L'approche intégratrice se situe ainsi à différents niveaux d'observation : l'individu, la communauté, le réseau. Le parti pris de cette thèse est d'articuler ces niveaux afin d'identifier et d'analyser les comportements de résistance aux innovations de services responsables. Notre contribution se situe dans la mobilisation de cette approche intégratrice pour étudier un sujet peu traité dans la littérature : l'échec d'une innovationAs part of our doctoral studies, we worked in an engineering school that has developed a partnership with the company Ecoway , for the development of Movin'out service innovation. Addressed to individuals ( BtoC ) , enterprises , service providers and communities ( BtoB) , this innovation comes in the form of a Community eco-mobility platform , to encourage individuals to adopt virtuous modes of transport , and therefore alternative to individual car use . Unfortunately, Movin'out responsible for innovation does not meet the expected success for our presence in the search field and was rejected by potential adopters without generating the communautary effect.Despite the wealth of literature on the diffusion and adoption of innovations, it remains fragmented. Indeed, different approaches have emerged at the crossroads of several disciplines (economics, sociology, management, psychology, etc.) (Masson, Weil and Hatchuel, 2006). So, to answer the central question of this thesis and to register our work in the theoretical field of marketing innovation, we primarily focused on the linear approach developed by Rogers (2003) for an analysis at the individual level as well as work on virtual communities (Rheingold, 1993; Kozinets, 1999, 2002, 2010) for a discussion at the collective level of innovation. However, these approaches, disregarding the social environment of the individual and the interactions it may have with the object (innovation) and other individuals (networks), we complete the work sociology of innovation to emphasize the importance of interaction in networks for the successful construction of innovation.We find that every theoretical approach taken separately by focusing on a level of analysis, whether individual or collective actor, can provide an overall view of the diffusion and adoption of innovations. Also, our goal is to provide an integrative approach at the crossroads of marketing and sociology of innovation to analyze the failed construction of a responsible service innovation in the making, on an emerging market, the ecomobility. The integrative approach is thus situated at different levels of observation: the individual, the community, the network. The bias of this thesis is to articulate these in order to identify and analyze the behavior of resistance to innovations. Our contribution lies in the mobilization of this inclusive approach to study a little treated in the literature about: the failure of an innovation
33
Pastorelli, Benjamin. "La créativité des équipes de travail : comprendre l’ambivalence de la diversité." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH008.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse s’est intéressé au rôle de la diversité sur le fonctionnement des équipes de travail. Il a répondu à l’ambiguïté des résultats de la littérature et à l’appel de nombreux auteurs à porter une plus grande attention sur les processus sous-jacents à l’impact de la diversité. D’un part, ce travail a adopté une approche minimaliste et a proposé le paradigme du compère virtuel, afin d’isoler la part sociocatégorielle de la diversité. D’autre part, il a utilisé la créativité, plutôt que la performance, comme outils de compréhension, puisqu’elle implique des enjeux sociopsychologiques spécifiques. En induisant une simple perception de diversité culturelle, nous avons notamment observé une baisse (surtout qualitative) de la pensée divergente chez les participants ayant fait face à la diversité. Les résultats observés mettent à mal les principales prédictions de la littérature. Aussi, nous leur avons opposé deux interprétations possibles. La première repose sur le rôle de la validation sociale et la deuxième sur celui de l’interdépendance sociale. Les observations et les déductions qui en découlent ont mis en lumière la complexité du rôle de la diversité dans le fonctionnement des équipes de travailThis thesis focused on the role of diversity on the functioning of work teams. He responded to the ambiguity of the literature’s findings and to the call of many authors to pay more attention to the processes underlying the impact of diversity. On the one hand, this work has adopted a minimalist approach and proposed the virtual accomplice paradigm to isolate the sociocategorical part of diversity. On the other hand, he used creativity, rather than performance, as a tool of understanding, because it involves specific sociopsychological issues. By inducing a simple perception of cultural diversity, we observed a decrease (especially qualitative) in divergent thinking among participants who had faced diversity. The observations undermine the main predictions in the literature. We have therefore opposed two possible interpretations. The first is based on the role of social validation and the second on the role of social interdependence. Our observations and deductions highlighted the complexity of the role of diversity in the functioning of work teams
34
Ibrahim, Rym. "Soutenir l'innovation par l'organisation d'actions collectives...ou comment nourrir les capacités d'agir entrepreneuriales de dirigeants d'entreprises : le cas des opérateurs de services à domicile en région PACA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0594.
Full textAbstract:
Notre recherche vise à identifier pour notre partenaire socio-économique, le Pôle services à la personne PACA (PSP PACA), les manières possibles dont il peut soutenir l’activité d’innovation de ses adhérents et des acteurs du champ des services à domicile. Nous avons dans un premier temps, à l’aide de revues de littérature, bâti un modèle théorique d’analyse nous permettant de mettre en évidence l’ensemble des activités cognitives, politiques, constructives et productives, fondamentales dans la conduite de projet entrepreneuriaux visant à transformer ou à renforcer un champ. Nous nous sommes pour cela appuyés sur une littérature portant sur la perspective fondée sur le projet, et sur trois ensembles de littérature sur l’appropriation d’objets de conception. Nous avons ensuite mobilisé ce modèle d’analyse dans la lecture approfondie de deux cas de projets conduits par le PSP sous forme d’actions collectives. La mobilisation de ce modèle d’analyse nous a permis d’examiner les dispositifs (organisationnels, d’animation, d’accompagnement, …) mis en place par l’équipe du pôle au niveau des actions collectives, et leur incidence sur les activités qui s’y sont déroulées. Celle-ci nous a également permis d’identifier, en contexte, les éléments qui ont été par la suite appropriés ou adoptés par les opérateurs de services, durant la conduite de leurs propres projets. Nous avons alors mis en évidence un certain nombre de leviers d’ordre méthodologique, sur lesquels peut s’appuyer l’équipe du pôle pour optimiser l’organisation et l’animation de telles actions collectives. Ces résultats nous ont alors conduits à émettre trois principaux axes de discussion théoriqueOur research aims to identify, for the PSP PACA our socio-economic partner, the possible ways to support the innovation activity of its members and the home-care services field players. Firstly, based on an expanded literature review, we built a theoretical model of analysis allowing us to highlight all the cognitive, political, constructive and productive fundamental activities in the implementation of entrepreneurial projects intended to transform or strengthen a field. Thus, we rely on a project-based view literature and on three sets of literature on the appropriation of human artefacts. Secondly, we mobilized this model of analysis in the in-depth reading of two cases of projects carried out by the PSP PACA, setting up collective actions. Mobilizing this analytical model allowed us to examine the different ways (organization, collective animation and individual support) by which the PSP team carried out theses collective actions, and their subsequent impact on the activities. It also allowed us to identify, in context, the elements that were appropriated or adopted by the participants while conducting their own projects. We then highlighted a certain number of methodological levers, on which the team of the cluster can rely to optimize - according to its aims and its orientations - the organization and the animation of such collective actions. We articulated these levers according to four different modalities in order to facilitate their mobilization by participants or project carriers. These results then led us to put forward three main axes of theoretical discussion
35
Vergez-Sans, Cécile. "Edition et création : les collections d'albums pour la jeunesse depuis les années 1960." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0304.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse, construite sur des fonds d’archives inédits et de nombreux entretiens, porte sur les collections éditoriales d’albums pour enfants depuis les années 1960. Elle montre comment s'articulent et s’affrontent création et édition afin de proposer une réflexion sur la création éditoriale. Après un rappel des formes historiques, une cartographie des modèles de collections d’albums depuis les années 1960 est mise au jour. Loin d’être des lieux neutres, les collections font l’objet de contestations au tournant des années 1960-1970. La thèse analyse comment, dans de nouveaux contextes, les positions des différents acteurs des collections, auteurs, illustrateurs, directeurs de collection, éditeurs, se déplacent, et étudie les tensions de leurs interactions. Le dépouillement des archives de la Charte créée par les auteurs et illustrateurs, permet de mettre au jour leurs aspirations et combats. L’analyse du parcours éditorial de F. Ruy-Vidal montre les difficultés à introduire l’innovation éditoriale. La recherche sur les conditions de possibilité de la créativité éditoriale se poursuit au travers de trois modèles de fonctionnements innovants : le studio Delpire (ou : comment l’œil éditorial se forme-t-il et quelles sont les fonctions de l’équipe éditoriale ?) ; les collections du Rouergue dirigées par O. Douzou (quels sont les apports pour la créativité éditoriale d’un directeur de collection également auteur et illustrateur ?) ; et les éditions contemporaines Magnani (ou : peut-on sortir de la séparation collections pour enfants/collections pour adultes ?). En conclusion, une synthèse cherche à construire des outils d’analyse théorique de la créativité éditorialeThis thesis deals with French children’s picture book series since the 1960s. It highlights the difficulties to bridge creation and edition while providing an analysis of editorial creativity. After mentionning historical models of children’s series, we describe the evolution of series models (chapter 1 and 2). We show that this evolution was not without challenges. In the 60s and 70s, some authors and illustrators were craving for more legitimacy (chapter 3). At the same period, Ruy Vidal’s editorial career as publisher and editor allows us to discover the difficulties to introduce editorial innovations (chapter 4). It is then necessary to study the editorial conditions for creativity (chapter 5, 6, 7) through the examples of « Studio Delpire » (we wonder about his editorial « eye » and about the creative function of the editorial team), O. Douzou (Rouergue) (the question here is : what does an author-illustrator-editor provide ?), J. Magnani, a contemporary publisher (who tries to go beyond the frontier between children’s and adult’s books). All in all, these elements will help us discover ways to think of and analyze editorial creativity. The thesis is based on unexplored archives and numerous interviews with actors of the children’s picture books field
36
Oliveira, Nilza Duarte Aleixo de. "Desenvolvimento sustentável, inovação, tecnologia social e empreendedorismo coletivo em relacionamentos intercooperativos : Sistema CREDITAG e cooperativas de produção agrícola de Rondônia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/69721.
Full textAbstract:
As iniciativas econômicas locais de caráter coletivo representam para os segmentos sociais de baixa renda, uma importante opção estratégica, capaz de transformar ou modificar determinada realidade, um caminho viável e promotor de desenvolvimento econômico e social. O surgimento desses empreendimentos tem como principal estímulo, a emergência de combater o desemprego, baixa renda e as privações decorrentes. O CREDITAG - Sistema de Cooperativas de Crédito Rural da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária, no Estado de Rondônia é uma dessas iniciativas, formada por agricultores familiares, para que possam ter acesso a crédito, financiamentos dos meios de produção e insumos, já que, nem o Estado e nem as empresas, oferecem soluções às suas necessidades, pelo menos no médio prazo. E, como estratégia de fortalecimento, as cooperativas de crédito do Sistema CREDITAG em Rondônia, incorporam em seu quadro de cooperados, quatro cooperativas de produção, com o propósito de fortalecer os dois ramos cooperativistas, por meio da intercooperação, o que pode favorecer os cooperados, no tocante a tecnologia, novos produtos e serviços, redução de custos, mais canais de comercialização, dentre outros. Essa relação de intercooperação constituiu-se no objeto de análise da presente tese, cuja proposição central exposta é que para a perspectiva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, os benefícios gerados por esses modelos organizacionais, devem superar o assistencialismo e promover a inclusão social e produtiva, fortalecendo os indivíduos para a autonomia. Neste sentido, a questão de pesquisa apresentada foi a seguinte: a relação de intercooperação, entre sistema CREDITAG e suas associadas, cooperativas de produção agrícola, está promovendo, de forma sustentável, empreendedorismo coletivo, inovação social e tecnologia social? A partir da definição da questão de pesquisa, definiu-se o objetivo geral, que consiste em: elaborar um framework que permita verificar a existência de desenvolvimento sustentável, empreendedorismo coletivo, inovação social e tecnologias sociais, na relação de intercooperação entre sistema CREDITAG e suas associadas, cooperativas de produção agrícola, de Rondônia. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo-explicativo, utilizando-se o método de estudo de campo. A questão de pesquisa e os objetivos foram abordados, sob um enfoque qualitativo e quantitativo. A coleta de dados, na etapa qualitativa deu-se por meio de entrevista informal e em profundidade e, na etapa quantitativa, procedeu-se a aplicação de questionários. Participaram da pesquisa: 95 cooperados, 6 parceiros e 11 gestores das cooperativas de crédito e de produção e do Sistema CREDITAG/base/RO. Os resultados demostram que a relação de intercooperação, se faz acompanhar de boas médias de concordância para a presença do empreendedorismo, tecnologias sociais e inovação, com destaque para a inovação social. A relação de intercooperação pode ser tratada como uma inovação social que contribui para melhoria da qualidade de vida dos produtores, para o fortalecimento das organizações integrantes e para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Apesar das fragilidades identificadas, limites históricos e estrutrais, a relação de intercooperação apresenta potencial para proporcionar a inclusão social, produtiva e bancária, contribuir para o equacionamento de problemas de ordem econômica, financeira e social dos cooperados, geração de empregos e renda e para o desenvolvimento das comunidades locais.The local economic initiatives of collective character are to represent the low-income segments of society, an important strategic option that can transform or modify certain realities, it´s a viable path and promoter of economic and social development. The emergence of these enterprises has as its main stimulus, the emergency to combat unemployment, low income and deprivation arising. The CREDITAG – The System of Rural Credit Cooperatives of the Agriculture Family and Economic Solidarity in the State of Rondônia, is one such initiative, formed by Agriculture families, so they can have access to credit, financing by means of production and inputs, since neither the state nor the companies offer solutions to their needs, at least in the medium term. And, as a strategy for strengthening the cooperative credit system CREDITAG in Rondônia, they incorporate in its framework for cooperative members, four production cooperatives, in order to strengthen the two cooperative branches, through inter-cooperation, which can promote the cooperative with regard to technology, new products and services, cost savings, more marketing channels, among others. This intercooperation relationship constituted the object of analysis of this thesis, whose central proposition is exposed to the prospect of sustainable development; the benefits generated by these organizational models must overcome welfare and promote social inclusion and production, strengthening individuals for independence. In this regard, the research question presented was as follows: Is the intercooperation relationship between the CREDITAG system and its associated agricultural cooperatives promoting a sustainable, collective entrepreneurship, social innovation and social technology? From the definition of the research question, we defined the overall goal, which is: to develop a framework to verify the existence of sustainable development, collective entrepreneurship, social innovation and social technologies, the intercooperation relationship between the CREDITAG system and its agricultural cooperative associates, Rondônia. This is an exploratory, descriptive, explicative study, using the method of field study. The research question and objectives were covered under a qualitative and quantitative approach. The data collection in the qualitative stage took place through an in depth informal interview, and in the quantitative stage, it proceeded with questionnaires. The participants were: 95 members, 6 partners and 11 managers of the credit unions and Production System CREDITAG / base / RO. The results show that the ratio of inter-cooperation is accompanied by good means of agreement for the presence of entrepreneurship, technology and social innovation, highlighting social innovation. The intercooperation relationship can be treated as a social innovation that contributes to improving the quality of life of the farmers, to strengthen organizations and members for Sustainable Development. Despite the weaknesses identified, structure and historical boundaries, the inter-cooperation relationship has potential to provide social inclusion, production and banking contribute to the solving of problems of the economic, financial and social members, generating jobs and income for the development of local communities.
37
Zibell, Laurent. "Outcome predictors of co-operative R & D in Europe: organisational capabilities and cultures." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5613.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates organisational capabilities and cultures of both partners as
potential explanatory factors of co-operative R&D projects outcomes.
Contributions to theory are (1) a justification for the existence of organisational
capabilities and 'world views', (2) a parsimonious typology of 'world views' and (3) a
method to measure organisational capabilities.
The survey covers 514 projects in the electronics industry, in Germany, France, the
United Kingdom and Finland. It obtains 120 full answers, each of which coupling
responses from a matched pair of project managers having co-operated on the same
R&D project. The survey refers to the organisation's capabilities, to those of the partner,
to its 'world view', and to project outcomes.
None of the traditional explanatory factors (geographic distance, difference in
nationality, size or legal status, strategic compatibility) has any significant influence on
any of the outcomes being studied (save one).
The explanatory factors introduced by the research (organisational capabilities and
'world views') have a significant influence on almost all outcomes being considered of
the co-operative R&D projects: attainment of concrete results, compliance with budget
and schedule, creation and transfer of knowledge, learning (modification of
capabilities). Cultural diversity, 'absorptive capacity', and teaching effects, selective
according to the capability in question, are evidenced. Commonalities between partners
are shown to be more important than distance. These results validate empirically
organisational capabilities and 'world views' as descriptors of inter-organisational
capabilities, and their operationalisation.
38
Federizzi, Carla Link. "Design para inovação social: a cidade feita pelas pessoas." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4055.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-06-27T00:29:33Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
CarlaFederizzi.pdf: 12796922 bytes, checksum: 326d62f912ac8ac884a690aadd55ed4d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-27T00:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaFederizzi.pdf: 12796922 bytes, checksum: 326d62f912ac8ac884a690aadd55ed4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Nenhuma
As cidades estão em constante transformação e crescimento, onde o ritmo de mudanças sociais, tecnológicas e econômicas tem se acelerado pela globalização. Nesse contexto, mostra-se a necessidade de pensar novas soluções sob a ótica da inovação social considerando a possibilidade de gerar soluções mais sustentáveis, coletivas e sociais. Diferentes autores reforçam o potencial do design estratégico para criar e gerir essa nova mentalidade, a partir do uso de metodologias interdisciplinares e centrada nas pessoas. Neste contexto, surgem as Comunidades Criativas, que são grupos de pessoas que se reúnem – virtualmente ou fisicamente - para construir novas soluções para o seu próprio cotidiano. As comunidades têm como premissa a construção de soluções para o espaço urbano através de um diálogo mais próximo entre a sociedade, as instituições, a iniciativa privada e o poder público. A partir de uma análise exploratória, espera-se compreender como ação do Design Estratégico, como uma metodologia de inovação social pode contribuir para a motivação de soluções colaborativas na cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa abrange um estudo de caso sobre o Coletivo Ocupe & Abrace, comunidade criativa que propõe um novo modelo não institucionalizado e compartilhado de melhorias no bairro Vila Pompeia, na capital paulista. Como resultado, foram identificadas diretrizes projetuais que podem guiar a atuação do designer no âmbito da cidade.
Cities are facing social, technological and economic changes, accelerated by globalization. In this scenario, social innovations gains importance as it grows the need for more social and sustainable solutions. Different authors believe that social innovation can be generated with a strategic design approach because of its collaborative and human centered methodologies. In this context Creative Communities emerge: virtual or physical groups of people that are creating sustainable solutions for their own everyday life. Their premise is a closer dialogue between society, institutions, private enterprises and the State. An exploratory approach was used to understand how Strategic Design, as a social innovation methodology, can be used to motivate collaborative solutions in the city of São Paulo. The research includes the case study of Ocupe & Abrace, a creative community that promotes a non-institutionalized and shared model for improvements in the Vila Pompeia neigborhood. The studies’ purpose was to identify elements that could be explored in design-oriented projects in the urban context.
39
Congretel, Mélanie. "Une plante, des fils et des clones. Histoires amazoniennes de guaraná(s) dans un monde globalisé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA016/document.
Full textAbstract:
Peut-on rendre compte des batailles identitaires et territoriales que révèle la globalisation des ressources et des marchés, en décrivant comment une plante cultivée depuis plusieurs siècles en Amazonie brésilienne se transforme en plante « sauvage » ou, à l’opposé, en plante « technologique » ? La thèse explore, dans un contexte de transition écologique et de critique du paradigme agricole moderniste, les expressions et les enjeux locaux de ce basculement socio-environnemental, en s’intéressant aux relations qui se tissent entre des hommes et une plante emblématique de la région, le guaraná (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis). En croisant les regards sur quatre projets distincts de valorisation de cette plante énergisante, elle interroge aussi la manière dont des populations amazoniennes se saisissent de ce contexte mouvant et innovent pour négocier leur rapport à la modernité, à la croisée de filières mondialisées et d’un territoire, le Bas-Amazonas, où la plante est historiquement inscrite. Dans le sillage de l’école interdisciplinaire des humanités environnementales, notre travail aborde le guaraná comme un acteur des projets étudiés. Il combine des enquêtes ethnobotaniques à une approche socio-anthropologique inspirée des science studies, pour rendre compte des expériences locales de la plante et des multiples formes que prend l’innovation dans une région longtemps restée à l’écart des dynamiques de développement. En abordant la plante au prisme du concept d’ontologie, nous montrons que coexistent aujourd’hui dans le Bas-Amazonas plusieurs guaranás, définis et façonnés par de multiples ingrédients : des ressources biologiques, des pratiques, des techniques, des savoirs, des représentations, des projets de valorisation et des règles de droits. Loin de représenter différents points de vue sur une même plante, ces « guaranás » sont des plantes distinctes. Ils incarnent les frictions entre différents mondes dont les réseaux plus ou moins étendus s’entrecroisent et cherchent à s’ancrer dans le territoire, pour s’imposer aux autres, pour leur résister, ou inventer de nouvelles représentations du développement territorialCan we account for the identity and territorial struggles the globalization of markets and resources reveals, by describing how a plant cultivated for several centuries in the Brazilian Amazon, turns into a « wild » plant or, conversely, into a « technology »? In a context of ecological transition and criticism of the modernist agricultural paradigm, the thesis explores the local expressions and stakes of this socio-environmental shift, focusing on the relationships that form between men and an emblematic plant of the region, guaraná (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis). Considering four distinct projects which promote this energetic plant, it also questions the way Amazonian populations seize this changing context, and innovate in order to negotiate their relationship to modernity, at the crossroads of globalized value chains and of a territory, the Lower Amazonas, where the plant is historically rooted. In the wake of the environmental humanities interdisciplinary stream, our work contemplates guaraná as an actor of the projects studied. We combine ethnobotanical surveys with a socio-anthropological approach inspired by science studies, to portray local experiences of the plant and the multiple forms innovation can take in a region long shelved from the dynamics of development. By approaching the plant through the concept of ontology, we show that that several guaranas coexist today in the Lower Amazonas, defined by several ingredients: biological resources, practices, techniques, knowledge, representations, valuation projects and rules. Far from representing different points of view on the same plant, these "guaranás" are distinct plants. They embody the frictions between different worlds whose more or less extensive networks intersect and seek to anchor themselves in the territory, in order to impose themselves on others, to resist them, or to invent new representations of territorial development
40
Beveridge, 'Alim J. "The Adoption of Social Innovations by Firms: An Inquiry into Organizational Benevolence." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1373079065.
Full text
41
Segrestin, Blanche. "La gestion des partenariats d'exploration : spécificités, crises et formes de rationalisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000601.
Full text
42
Iceri, Vanessa. "Actions collectives alimentaires en territoires ruraux : un regard sur la diversité, une quête pour le développement territorial : regard croisé entre Brésil et France." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAL022.
Full textAbstract:
Avec l’émergence diffuse et spontanée de nombreuses actions collectives alimentaires (Amaps, supermarchés coopératifs, lutte contre le gaspillage, etc.), un mouvement de fond s’opère au sein des territoires. Ma thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte en interrogeant la façon dont les actions collectives alimentaires, notamment celles qui sont portées par les agriculteurs dans les territoires ruraux, participent au développement territorial. Les principales pistes d’investigation se situent entre la coordination des acteurs et leur interaction avec l’espace. Afin d’y répondre, deux cas d’études ont été mobilisés de façon croisée. Le premier concerne un magasin de producteurs situé à Ambert (France) ; le deuxième consiste en un projet de développement d’une communauté traditionnelle située à Sao Mateus do Sul (Brésil). Sur ces terrains, j’ai réalisé principalement des entretiens qui m’ont fourni des données pour une analyse à partir de trois points de vue : social, spatial et temporel. La question sociale a été principalement abordée à travers l’analyse de la coordination entre individus / collectifs et le commun qui leur permet d’agir ensemble. La question spatiale a été instruite par l’analyse des objets matériels qui révèlent les dimensions matérielles / idéelles / organisationnelles du territoire. Enfin la question temporelle a été traitée par les analyses des trajectoires individuelles / collectives mais aussi par l’interaction dialectique entre ancrage / ouverture territoriale, innovation / tradition, articulant le temps passé, présent et futur. Finalement l’étude croisée entre ces deux terrains a permis de mettre en évidence les nombreuses interactions entre espace, société et temps, discutées en termes de circularités. La thèse aboutit également à la production d’outils et de cadres d’analyse qui permettent de rendre visibles ces interactions et d’engager le débat quant à la participation des actions collectives alimentaires aux processus de développement territorialFollowing the spontaneous and widespread rise of food collective actions (community supported agriculture (CSA), cooperative supermarkets, fight against waste, ...) a deep change has been happening within territories. This thesis/dissertation falls within this new tendency and explores how the food collective actions, especially the one initiated by farmers in rural areas, participate in territorial development. Coordination between actors and its interaction with space constitute the main sources of investigation. This research benefits from two case studies operated in a crossed way. The first one relates to a farm shop located in Ambert (France) whereas the second consists in a development project from a traditional community in Sao Mateus do Sul (Brésil). On these fields, I implemented interviews that gave birth to data for a three-dimensions analysis: social, space an time. The social matter has mainly been discussed through the assessment of coordination between individual/collective and the common acting together. The space horizon has been examined through the lens of physical objects which illustrate material/ideational/organizational of the territory. Lastly, the time dimension stems from analyzing individual and collective trajectoriesand from the dialectic relationship between anchoring / territorial opening, innovation / tradition gathering past, present and future together. Eventually, the crossed study from the two fields disclosed plenty of interactions between space, time and society, linked by circularity. The dissertation results in original tools and frameworks that raise the profile of these interactions and opens the door to discussions regarding the role of food collective actions in territory development
43
有佳里, 原., and Yukari Hara. "都市型マンションにおける機能的かつ持続可能なコミュニティ創出に関する実践的研究." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13142991/?lang=0, 2020. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13142991/?lang=0.
Full textAbstract:
都市部においては、通常「マンション」と呼ばれる高層集合住宅での居住はごく一般的になっている。区分された居室に各世帯が生活するマンションでは、対面の機会が少ないことによる居住者間のコミュニケーション不足、プライバシー確保のための相互不干渉原則がもたらす無関心、その結果としての独居高齢者や病弱者の孤独死、子どもの社会性育成不全、災害対応力の脆弱性などの問題が生じている。本論は、ソーシャル・キャピタルやコミュニタリアニズム、およびシェアリングエコノミーの視点から、コミュニティの存在意義とその機能を理論的かつ歴史的に考察した上で、こうしたマンション特有の問題を解決するにはマンション内のコミュニティの形成と活性化を図ることが有効ではないかとの仮説を立て、その仮説を実証すべく、マンション住民による共同農作業等の社会実験を実施し、その結果を分析し、そこから得られた知見を基に、機能的かつ持続可能なマンション・コミュニティ実現のための方途や課題を提示したものである。博士(ソーシャル・イノベーション)
Doctor of Philosophy in Social Innovation
同志社大学
Doshisha University
44
Moraes, Rubens Lima. "Ação coletiva e inovação social na esfera pública : análise da experiência do movimento de combate à corrupção eleitoral (MCCE) no Brasil." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/56.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
120584.pdf: 2783226 bytes, checksum: e9e9f2367a62358a96dded6dc7202d02 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-12-02Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The Brazilian Movement Against Electoral Corruption (MCCE) has been promoting social innovations in the Brazilian public sphere, since its formalization, in 2002, leading mobilization towards the creation of the only two popular initiative laws in Brazil, Law Against Vote Buying (Law n. 9840/1999) and Clean Slate Law (Complementary Law 135/2010). The main objective of this dissertation is to comprehend how MCCE has been promoting social innovation, on the attempt of responding the public problem of electoral corruption in Brazil. To accomplish this objective, this dissertation is structured in seven chapters, including the introduction, which we present the research problem and its frame. In chapter two, we constructed a theoretical and analytical frame to better comprehend the collective action of civil society actors. To do so, we started with the social innovation debate and its perspectives. The chosen perspective for this dissertation was based on an understanding of social innovation analyzed as a process. Specifically, this perspective is understood as an expression of the collectives actors in self-reflexing, self organizing and self-reforming (CEFAÏ; TERZI, 2012). In this sense, having the pragmatic sociology as a theoretical reference (BARTHE et al, 2013), we promote a debate between the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) (CALLON; LATOUR, 1981; LAW, 1999; LATOUR, 2001 and 2012) and the studies about the experience of the public problems (CEFAÏ, 2002, 2009 and 2012; CEFAÏ; TERZI, 2012) to build our own an analytical and methodological frame. This frame, which moments will be detailed in Chapter 3, had an ethnographic posture that led the research field, since August 2013 until October 2014. It was made different research strategies that resulted in a data triangulation, involving direct observation on different scenes of MCCE and also through the internet. The research field also had six interviews, with founders, directors, technicians and other members of the movement. A documental analysis was based on following the news about the movement, other dissertations and official documents. The results are presented in Chapters 4 to 6, which respond to the specific objectives of the research. First we mapped the public arena of electoral corruption in Brazil, based on cartography of controversies (VENTURINI, 2010). We aimed to map this public arena in three fields: political (mapping the news), scientific (analyzing the peer-reviewed scientific papers) and technical-legal (with the analysis of the most important laws regarding the issue). The time span of this mapping was between the years of 1988, took as a reference to us, which represented a year of democratic opening in Brazil, and 2014. The mapping made us identify the main actors-network of the public problem of electoral corruption in Brazil, their main statements, the controversies that appear and the world visions that are built during the time around this public problem. The analysis of this chapter resulted in a visualization of configuration process (CEFAÏ, 1996) or translation process (LATOUR, 2012), which problem public faces and that is influenced in your definition and its forms of interpretation. We provide evidences, which actors-networks linked with MCCE were leaders in this process and a question is raised, on how the movement promotes this incidence, focusing the analysis of the movement s experience. This is made in Chapters 5 and 6, which focus on the MCCE s experience, making a diachronic analysis (focusing on its trajectory) and synchronic (exploring its most recent experiences). The analysis of the trajectory showed us that the main mobilizations promoted by movement in the macro public arena and its developments. We could observe that, during the time, the movement constituted a network of different collectives, which they contributed for creating a transversal intelligence and a collective learning on coping with concrete problematic situations. The social innovations that appear on this process configure not only as final results , but as processes, which multiple collectives contribute and that involves a great dose of uncertainties (LATOUR, 2012). In Chapter 6, this network is then followed closely, aiming to identify how the movement is organized, its particularities and the main controversies endured nowadays. This chapter focuses on following the collective action on its course, making it possible to comprehend what characterizes the movement. In Chapter 7, the final considerations of this dissertation are presented, linking the previous analysis, focusing the interfaces between the MCCE network and the greater public arena of electoral corruption. The chapter finalizes with some questions about the study and the future perspectives of new research about the subject.
O Movimento de Combate à Corrupção Eleitoral (MCCE) vem provocando inovações sociais na esfera pública brasileira, desde antes da sua formalização, em 2002, tendo sido protagonista na mobilização para elaboração e aprovação das duas únicas leis de iniciativa popular no país ¿A Lei da Compra de Votos¿ (Lei 9.840/1999) e a ¿Lei da Ficha Limpa¿ (Lei Complementar 135/2010). Essa dissertação tem como objetivo geral buscar compreender como o MCCE vem promovendo inovações sociais ao responder ao problema público da corrupção eleitoral no Brasil. Para cumprir este objetivo, esta dissertação estrutura-se em sete capítulos, incluindo a introdução, na qual apresentamos a problematização e o quadro geral da pesquisa. No capítulo dois, construímos um enfoque teórico-metodológico próprio para compreender melhor a ação coletiva dos atores da sociedade civil na esfera pública e o seu papel na promoção da inovação social. Para tanto, partimos do debate sobre inovação social e suas correntes. Adotamos uma perspectiva de análise da inovação social como processo, ou seja, como expressão da capacidade dos próprios coletivos de se autorefletir, auto-organizar e auto-reformar (CEFAI; TERZI, 2012). Desse modo, tendo por fundamento a sociologia pragmática (BARTHE et al), promovemos um debate entre a Teoria do Ator-Rede (TAR) (CALLON; LATOUR, 1981; LAW, 1999; LATOUR, 2001 e 2012) e os estudos sobre as experiências dos problemas públicos (CEFAI, 2002, 2009 e 2012; CEFAÏ; TERZI, 2012) para construir um caminho analítico-metodológico próprio. Tal caminho, cujos momentos são detalhadamente apresentados, no capítulo três, teve por base uma postura etnográfica que norteou o trabalho de campo realizado de agosto de 2013 a outubro de 2014, no qual foi feita uma triangulação de diferentes estratégias de pesquisa, envolvendo a observação direta de cenas e eventos do MCCE e de sua atuação, in loco e também por meio da internet, seis entrevistas com fundadores, diretores, técnicos e outros membros do movimento, além de ampla análise documental, de notícias sobre o movimento, dissertações, além de documentos oficiais. Os resultados são então apresentados nos capítulos quatro a seis, que respondem aos objetivos específicos da dissertação. Primeiramente, realizamos um mapeamento da arena pública da corrupção eleitoral no Brasil, por meio da ¿cartografia de controvérsias¿ (VENTURINI, 2010). Buscamos mapear a arena pública em três campos: político (por meio do mapeamento das mídias), científico (por meio da análise dos artigos científicos publicados) e técnico-legal (com a análise das leis mais importantes referentes a matéria). O mapeamento teve como ponto de partida ano 1988, marco que representou a abertura democrática no Brasil e foi feito até o ano de 2014. Tal mapeamento permitiu identificar os principais ¿atores-rede¿ porta-vozes do problema público da corrupção eleitoral no Brasil, suas declarações principais, as controvérsias que emergem e as visões de mundo que são construídas ao longo do tempo em torno do problema público. Tal análise, resultou numa visualização do processo de ¿configuração¿ (CEFAÏ, 1996) ou ainda de ¿translação¿ (LATOUR, 2012) que vive o problema público e que influencia na sua definição, nas formas de interpretá-lo e também de fazer face a ele. Evidenciase aqui que os atores-rede ligados ao MCCE foram protagonistas nesse processo e levanta-se a questão de como o movimento promove essa incidência, voltando-se para análise de sua experiência. Isso é feito nos capítulos cinco e seis, nos quais aborda-se a experiência do MCCE, por meio de uma leitura diacrônica (focalizando a sua trajetória) e sincrônica (explorando a sua experiência atual). A análise da trajetória permitiu evidenciar as principais ações de mobilização do movimento na arena pública mais ampla e seus desdobramentos. Pôde-se constatar como, ao longo do tempo, o movimento se constitui numa ¿rede¿ de coletivos que contribuem para criar uma ¿inteligência transversal¿ e um aprendizado coletivo no enfrentamento de situações problemáticas concretas. As inovações sociais que emergem nesse percurso configuram-se não apenas como ¿resultados finais¿, mas como processos, nos quais múltiplos coletivos parecem contribuir e que envolve uma grande dose de incerteza (LATOUR, 2012). No capítulo seis essa rede é então acompanhada mais de perto, buscando-se identificar como se organiza, as suas particularidades e as principais controvérsias enfrentadas atualmente. Esse capítulo busca acompanhar mais de perto a ação coletiva do MCCE, possibilitando compreender o que caracteriza o movimento. No capítulo sete as considerações finais são apresentadas, buscando religar as análises apresentadas, focalizando as interfaces entre a rede do MCCE e a arena pública mais ampla da corrupção eleitoral. O capítulo se encerra com o levantamento de algumas questões que este estudo suscita para novas pesquisas.
45
PIRRELLO, ANTONIO EDER. "La contrattazione decentrata per lo sviluppo." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40638.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi esamina la tendenza degli ultimi anni alla verticalizzazione della contrattazione; come dal centralismo di quella di livello nazionale si sia passati in maniera sempre più sostanziale ed in stretta correlazione con la competitività del sistema produttivo, al decentramento della contrattazione a livello regionale e provinciale fino al livello aziendale.
Si affronta l’evoluzione, iniziata già dagli anni ’90 con il susseguirsi di vari Accordi Interconfederali e Protocolli sottoscritti da Governo e Parti Sociali, dei processi di contrattazione territoriale al fine di attivare nuove iniziative imprenditoriali e creare occupazione in un ambiente economico favorevole ma in aree insufficientemente sviluppate o interessate da gravi crisi occupazionali.
Successivamente viene esaminato il ruolo fondamentale delle retribuzioni incentivanti in connessione a indicatori di produttività, redditività, qualità, efficienza ed innovazione.
Si passa dunque ad affrontare il caso paradigmatico FIAT che ha notevolmente influenzato il processo di ampliamento dei margini di applicazione della contrattazione decentrata per finire ad esaminare gli accordi interconfederali più recenti che promuovono l’utilizzo della contrattazione di secondo livello come volano per la crescita e la competitività sul territorio delle aziende, per lo sviluppo del welfare contrattuale ed aziendale, come nel caso di Luxottica.The thesis examines the trend of recent years in the verticalization of bargaining; as from the centralism of that of national level has been passed in an increasingly substantial and in close correlation with the competitiveness of the production system, the decentralization of bargaining at the regional and provincial level up to the company level. The evolution, which began as early as the 1990s with the succession of various interconfederal agreements and protocols signed by the Government and the Social Partners, of the territorial bargaining processes in order to activate new business initiatives and create employment in a favorable economic environment, but in areas insufficiently developed or affected by serious employment crises. Subsequently, the fundamental role of incentive remuneration in connection with indicators of productivity, profitability, quality, efficiency and innovation is examined. Thus, the FIAT paradigm case is moved, which has greatly influenced the process of widening the margins of application of decentralized bargaining to end up examining the most recent inter-federal agreements that promote the use of second-level bargaining as a driving force for growth and competitiveness on the territory of companies, for the development of contractual and corporate welfare, as in the case of Luxottica.
46
Bensouna, Ilham. "Pratiques et matérialité dans la formation de l'identité organisationnelle : le cas d'un intermédiaire de l'innovation." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3030.
Full textAbstract:
Quelle différence faisons-nous entre Leroy Merlin, Castorama ou encore Bricorama ? Ces organisations se distinguent par un ensemble d’attributs qui façonnent le caractère unique, leur identité. Ce travail de recherche propose de mieux comprendre comment se forme l’identité d’une organisation. Il appréhende la question identitaire sous le prisme du courant de la stratégie comme pratique et la théorie de l’identité organisationnelle. Afin de répondre à la problématique de recherche, la thèse questionne le rôle des parties prenantes, des pratiques et de la matérialité sur le processus de formation de l’identité organisationnelle. L’originalité de ce travail réside dans l’étude de la formation identitaire dès la création d’un intermédiaire de l’innovation dans le secteur de la construction. La recherche repose sur un cas unique longitudinal à dimension ethnographique. Elle inclut une enquête sur la perception des parties prenantes externes de l’identité de l’organisation.Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle prépondérant des fondateurs mais aussi des salariés dans la formation identitaire. Le cas d’un intermédiaire de l’innovation fait émerger une stratégie de formation de l’identité organisationnelle, le jeu identitaire. Il correspond à l’exploration de plusieurs futurs possibles. De plus, trois pratiques pour « former, réparer, maintenir, renforcer ou réviser » sont mises en évidence. Enfin, les résultats soulignent les effets de l’absence d’un artéfact (une plateforme physique) qui contribue à exacerber le conflit sur l’identité entre les membres.Ce travail de recherche présente aussi des implications managériales visant à comprendre comment former et gérer l’identité au cours du tempsWhat difference do we make between Leroy Merlin, Castorama or Bricorama? These organizations are distinguished by a set of attributes that shape their uniqueness, their identity. This research proposes to better understand how organizational identity is formed. The identity question is addressed by taking a strategy as a practice lens and is grounded in organizational identity theory. In order to answer the research question, the thesis is interested in the role of the stakeholders, practices and materiality on the organizational identity formation process. The originality of this work lies in the study of identity formation from inception of an innovative intermediary in the construction sector. The research is based on a unique longitudinal case with an ethnographic dimension. It includes a survey of the perception of external stakeholders about the organization’s identity.The results highlight the preponderant role of founders but also of employees in identity formation. The case of an innovation intermediary reveals a strategy to form organizational identity: organizational identity play. It corresponds to the exploration of several possible futures. In addition, three practices for "forming, repairing, maintaining, strengthening, or revising" identity are highlighted. Finally, the results highlight the effects of the absence of an artifact (a physical platform) that contributes to exacerbate conflict over identity among members
47
Farias, Magno Willams de Macêdo. "Gestão de bens comuns e inovação social : o caso do Banco Comunitário dos Cocais." Pós-graduação em Administração, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8674.
Full textAbstract:
Faced with the exclusion promoted by the conventional financial system (public and private banks) due to the criteria of selectivity, guarantees required and margins of financial return pursued by these institutions, a large part of the Brazilian population does not have access to banking services. They are people living in extreme poverty, especially those living in communities far from the urban centers of Brazilian cities. For this part of the population, alternatives have recently appeared that try to democratize access to financial resources, which are treated as a common good, that is, of collective use, especially for small-scale economic units, using innovations by a multiplicity of institutional arrangements and new governance mechanisms such as innovations in the field of solidarity finance, in particular the Community Development Banks (DCBs). From this context, the present study sought to understand the nature of innovation and the challenges raised in the management of solidarity finance services, carried out through Community Banks as a modality of a common good. To achieve this objective, a single case study was carried out at the Cocais Community Bank, located in the municipality of São João do Arraial, in the state of Piauí. This study has a qualitative character, with a descriptive and exploratory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, documentary research and non-participant observation, and were analyzed through narrative. The Cocais bank was built by its own users, in order to solve the problem of lack of access to financial services in the municipality, especially for the part of the population excluded from the conventional banking system, having as mechanisms of access the social utility of these services, in particular solidarity credit, respecting the socio-cultural characteristics of the territory belonging to its users, defining it as a social innovation. Challenges related to: (a) the process of constructing the initiative, conflicts related to political issues in the territory, challenges regarding acceptance of the social currency, limiting the credit fund, and the demobilization of the population in relation to the management of the bank. These challenges express the complexity of resource management in common use.Diante da exclusão promovida pelo sistema financeiro convencional (bancos públicos e privados) devido aos critérios de seletividade, garantias exigidas e margens de retorno financeiro perseguido por essas instituições, grande parcela da população brasileira não dispõe de acesso aos serviços bancários. São pessoas que vivem em situação de extrema pobreza, principalmente as que moram em comunidades distantes dos centros urbanos das cidades brasileiras. Para essa parcela da população, recentemente, tem surgido alternativas que tentam democratizar o acesso aos recursos financeiros, que passam a ser tratados como bem comum, ou seja, de uso coletivo, especialmente para unidades econômicas de pequena monta, utilizando-se de inovações constituídas por uma multiplicidade de arranjos institucionais e novos mecanismos de governança, como as inovações no campo das finanças solidárias, em especial, os Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento (BCDs). A partir desse contexto, o presente estudo buscou compreender a natureza da inovação e os desafios suscitados na gestão dos serviços de finanças solidárias, realizados por meio de Bancos Comunitários como modalidade de um bem comum. Para atingimento deste objetivo, foi realizado um estudo de caso único no Banco Comunitário dos Cocais, localizado no município de São João do Arraial, no estado do Piauí. Este estudo tem caráter qualitativo, com abordagem descritiva e exploratória. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, pesquisa documental e observação não-participante e, na sequência, foram analisados por meio de narrativa. O banco dos Cocais foi construído por seus próprios usuários, com a finalidade de resolver o problema da falta de acesso a serviços financeiros no município, em especial, para a parte da população excluída do sistema bancário convencional, tendo como mecanismos de acesso a utilidade social destes serviços, em especial, o crédito solidário, respeitando as características socioculturais do território de pertencimento de seus usuários, definindo-o como uma inovação social. Foram identificados desafios relacionados: (a) ao processo de construção da iniciativa, a conflitos relacionados a questões políticas do território, desafios em relação à aceitação da moeda social, a limitação do fundo de crédito, e a desmobilização da população em relação à gestão do banco. Tais desafios expressam a complexidade presente na gestão de recursos de uso comum.
São Cristóvão, SE
48
Larrouy, Muriel. "L'invention de l'accessibilité. Des politiques de transports des personnes handicapées aux politiques d'accessibilité des transports urbains de voyageurs en France de 1975 à 2005." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165138.
Full textAbstract:
Pour rendre compte de l'émergence de l'accessibilité comme nouvelle catégorie d'intervention publique au lendemain de la loi du 30 juin 1975, nous avons fait le choix de partir d'un travail empirique en nous intéressant aux pratiques passées et actuelles des politiques mises en oeuvre dans deux entreprises de transport urbain de voyageurs notamment à travers une observation participante de trois ans dans l'une d'entre elle. L'objectivation est menée grâce au recours à la littérature sociologique, en particulier aux écrits sur les référentiels, l'entreprise de morale, l'innovation technologique et les mouvements sociaux.Ces notions nous ont permit de révéler les ressorts du changement intervenu dans les politiques déployées. Celles-ci passent de deux ensembles de solutions construites en faveur de populations médicalement identifiées comme handicapées à des solutions intégrées, disponibles pour tous, cohabitant avec du transport spécialisé. L'évolution est rendue possible par la conjonction de facteurs conceptuels, techniques et législatifs utilisés par un réseau de militants pour imposer un traitement intégré de l'accessibilité. Celui-ci est devenu une référence standard et est institutionnalisé dans la loi du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des chances. Le premier type d'accessibilité est intimement lié au référentiel du handicap alors que le second possède son propre référentiel et s'est autonomisé vis à vis du handicap. Il y a eu invention de l'accessibilité comme nouvelle forme sociale révélatrice d'une conception du traitement de l'altérité dans notre société. Ses formes nous éclairent sur la façon d'envisager la place des personnes handicapées dans la société.
49
Younis, Joumana. "Technologies numériques & émergence des nouvelles pratiques managériales au Liban." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1268.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse tente de cerner les effets des technologies numériques (TN) sur les modes de management transformés. Après avoir cerné les contextes organisationnels traversés au cours de l’histoire, tout particulièrement prémoderne, moderne et postmoderne, le changement est étudié à travers les nouveaux espaces et enjeux du travail. Il ressort que les organisations à forte teneur numérique développent des pratiques managériales et des modes d’info-communication qui assurent leur pérennité. L'innovation managériale, l’agilité organisationnelle, le travail collaboratif, l’intelligence collective, ainsi que d’autres pratiques se sont greffées sur des aspects plus traditionnels dans la forme, mais actualisés sur le fond. L’implication et les styles de management notamment ont tellement été influencés par le numérique, qu’ils ont engendré des pratiques favorisant la bienveillance tout en donnant plus de sens au collaboratif et à l’interactivité. Les données recueillies dans note recherche empirique montrent que les pratiques managériales des organisations libanaises sont désormais influencées voire façonnées par les technologies numériques (TN) tout comme dans les pays du Nord, même si c’est avec une amplitude moindre, entraînant des modes de communications novateurs et efficients pour les relations au travailThis thesis will address and identify the effects of the Digital Technologies (DT) on the modified management modes. After having identified the organizational contexts that have passed throughout the history, especially pre-modern, modern and postmodern, the change is studied through the new spaces and issues of work. It comes out that the organizations with a high digital content and digital communications develop managerial practices that ensure their sustainability. The managerial innovation, the organizational agility, the collaborative work, collective intelligence, as well as other practices have been implanted on to more traditional aspects in form but actualized on the merits. The commitment and management styles that have been so strongly influenced by digital technology have led to practices that promote the benevolence while stressing further on the collaboration and the interactivity. The data collected from our empirical research show that the managerial practices of the Lebanese organizations are driven by the Digital Technologies (DT) similarly to the Northern countries, though with less amplitude they have led to innovative communication modes and efficient for the work relationships
50
淳也, 佐野, and Junya Sano. "小規模自治体における内発的地域イノベーション・エコシステム : 創造的人口減少を可能にするまちづくり生態系." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13142998/?lang=0, 2020. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13142998/?lang=0.
Full textAbstract:
「内発的地域イノベーション・エコシステム」とは、地域課題の革新的な解決を可能にする多様なプレイヤーによる機能的ネットワークであり、相互作用と共進化により持続する自律的システムである。人口減少を迎える小規模自治体において、いかにそうしたエコシステムを生み出し、地域公共財としての社会関係資本を蓄積しながら、しなやかに地域社会を維持・発展させていくことが可能なのかについて、国内の先進事例をもとに分析を行った。"Endogenous Regional Social Innovation Ecosystem" is that enable innovative solutions to regional challenges. It is a functional network of multi-sectoral players that is autonomous, sustained by interaction and co-evolution among the players. I analyzed based on advanced cases in Japan, about how it is possible for domestic small municipalities with declining populations to maintain and develop the local community in a flexible manner by creating such an ecosystem while accumulating social capital as local public goods.
博士(ソーシャル・イノベーション)
Doctor of Philosophy in Social Innovation
同志社大学
Doshisha University