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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Innervation'
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Schenk, Eveline Susanne. "Innervation des Cervidenhodens." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-20514.
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Atoyan, A. G. "Innervation of lymph nodes." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/53934.
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Introduction. This work is devoted to an innervation of lymph nodes of a free top extremity of the person. We studied an innervation of humeral, elbow lymph nodes and lymph nodes of a forearm. Work purpose. To investigate an innervation of lymph nodes of a free top extremity of fruits, newborns and children of early age.
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Hilliges, Marita. "Studies on nerve terminations in human mucosa and skin /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2649-2.
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Danigo, Aurore. "Innervation cutanée et neuropathies périphériques." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0037.
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L’existence de douleurs neuropathiques et/ou de perte de la sensibilité douloureuse sont souvent le reflet d’une neuropathie sensitive affectant plus particulièrement les fibres nerveuses sensitives amyélinique Aδ et C, dites neuropathie des petites fibres (NPF). Ces fibres innervent, notamment, le derme et l’épiderme de la peau. Elles communiquent la sensibilité thermique et algique au système nerveux central et contribuent à l’homéostasie cutanée, entre autres, par la libération de neuropeptides en périphérie. De nombreuses pathologies sont associées à une altération de ces petites fibres dans la peau. Deux pathologies impliquant une NPF ont été étudiées au cours de ce travail : les escarres et la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A. Un travail expérimental a été réalisé chez la souris pour répondre à la question suivante ; est-ce qu’une seule atteinte des fibres nociceptives, responsables de la perte de sensibilité peut entraîner un déséquilibre de l’homéostasie cutanée, responsable de l’apparition des escarres ? La mise en place d’un modèle de neuropathie sensitive fonctionnelle réversible a permis de mettre en en évidence l’implication des neuropeptides, substance P (SP) et « calcitonin gene-related peptide » (CGRP), libérés par les fibres nerveuses cutanées, dans la formation d’ulcères de pression. Un traitement préventif à la rhEPO (Recombinant Human Erythropoietin) dans ce modèle associant une neuropathie et des plaies de pression, protège la peau contre une pression ischémiante induisant une escarre par son effet neuroprotecteur sur les petites fibres cutanées. L’association CMT1A et NPF a été étudiée à partir de biopsies cutanées humaines. La quantification des fibres intraépidermiques révèle que 48% des patients CMT1A sont atteints d’une NPF. L’analyse des biopsies cutanées révèle également une altération du nombre et de la morphologie de cellules de Langerhans dans la maladie de CMT1A. L'ensemble de ces résultats confirme l'intérêt de l'étude des petites fibres dans des pathologies variées et confirme le potentiel thérapeutique neuroprotecteur de l'EPOThe neuropathic pain and/or hypoalgesia often reflect a sensory neuropathy that affects particularly sensory, Aδ (thinly myelinated) and C (unmyelinated) nerve fibers. This kind of neuropathy is named "small fiber neuropathy" (SFN). These small fibers innervate the dermis and epidermis. C and Aδ free nerve endings respond to a variable range of stimuli including mechanical, thermal and pain stimuli. They conduct nociceptive signals to central nervous system and contribute to skin homeostasis, among others, by the release of neuropeptides in the periphery. Many diseases are associated with an alteration of these cutaneous small fibers. Two pathologies involving SFN were studied in this work: pressure ulcers and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). Experimental studies on mice were performed to determine if impairment of nociceptive fibers could lead to an imbalance of skin homeostasis and could be involved in development of pressure ulcers, apart from its role in pain signal transduction. A functional reversible sensory neuropathy mouse model was set up and helped to demonstrate the involvement of the neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and "calcitonin gene-related peptide" (CGRP), released by cutaneous nerve fibers in the formation of pressure ulcers. By its neuroprotective effect on small nerve fibers, a preventive rhEPO (Recombinant Human Erythropoietin) treatment in this model protects the skin against an ischemic pressure-induced Stage 2 ulcer. The CMT1A and SFN association has been studied from human skin biopsies. Quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibers reveals that 48% of CMT1A patients have a SFN. The analysis of skin biopsies also revealed an alteration in the number and morphology of Langerhans cells in CMT1A disease. All these results confirm the interest of the study of small fibers in various pathologies and confirm the neuroprotective therapeutic potential of EPO
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Hollywood, Mark Anthony. "Innervation of sheep mesenteric lymphatics." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241384.
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Benns, L. M. "Meningeal innervation in the rat." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376821.
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Sulaiman, Sara. "Cutaneous innervation of the hand." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ea22ed44-d1f2-4e64-800d-ff0c46bed825.
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With the increase of hand pathologies in the last decade, the need to better understand the anatomy of the hand is becoming more vital. The cutaneous innervation of the hand is classically described to be supplied by palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCBMN), common digital nerves (CDNs), ulnar nerve (UN), palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN), superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and occasionally the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN). Although the sensory distribution of the hand has been described in the literature, reports have often shown contradicting views and occasionally different or incomplete descriptions. Furthermore, clinical procedures in the hand and wrist can result in painful and/or disabling postoperative complications. This thesis outlines, categorizes and describes the distribution and branching patterns of cutaneous branches supplying the palmar and dorsal surface of the hand and their relationship to the distal area of the forearm and wrist. It also investigates the palmar and dorsal communicating branches, their patterns and common locations. Moreover, the project discusses the impact of the distribution and branching patterns of the cutaneous nerves on surgical and diagnostic procedures performed in the hand, wrist and distal forearm. 160 cadaveric hands were dissected in the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification (CAHID), University of Dundee. All cadavers were musculoskeletally mature adults with mean age of 82.5±9.4 (range: 53-101) years. Skin was removed from the distal half of the forearm to the metacarpophalangeal joints. Nerves under investigation were identified, dissected, and traced. Sketches, photographs, and measurements to predefined landmarks including the wrist crease (WC), bistyloid line (BSL) and the third metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint were taken and results expressed as means, standard deviations and ranges. Patterns are classified and expressed with frequencies. The PCBMN was found to originate from the main trunk of the median nerve (MN) 54.1±15.7 mm proximal to the WC and course distally between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus (if present) to innervate the proximal palmar surface of the hand by branching into one of three types identified. Furthermore, two PCBMN were found in 8.9% of cases. The second, third, fourth CDNs were found to divide into proper digital nerves at a point located distal to the 70% of the distance between the third MCP joint and the BSL in 88% of cases. The cutaneous innervation of the palm was found to be relatively constant with the lateral 3½ digits being supplied by the MN and the medial 1½ being supplied by the UN. A palmar CB was found between the third CDN-MN and fourth CDN-UN in 86.9% of the cases coursing in different patterns and changing the palmar sensory innervation of that previously described. The sensory innervation of the dorsum of the hand was variable. The most common pattern was being supplied by the SBRN innervating the lateral dorsal skin and the skin covering the lateral 2½ digits and the DBUN innervating the medial dorsal skin and the skin covering the medial 1½ digits found in 37.3%. All radial supply to the dorsum of the hand with the absence of the DBUN was found in 6.7%. The SBRN connected with the LABCN in 30.7% and with the DBUN in 26.4% complicating the sensory innervation in the dorsum of the hand. Understanding the cutaneous innervation of the hand, appreciation of the possible variations and presence of communicating branches will result in a better evaluation of signs and symptoms, establishing a proper therapeutic plan, avoiding iatrogenic injuries during surgical interventions, and properly diagnose postoperative complications leading to an increased quality of medical service and patient satisfaction.
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Suuronen, Erik. "Innervation in tissue engineered corneal equivalents." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29173.
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A sensory nerve supply is crucial for optimal function of the cornea. However, the mechanisms for successful innervation and the signalling pathways between nerves and their target tissue are not fully understood. Engineered tissue substitutes can provide controllable environments in which to study tissue innervation. I have therefore engineered human corneal substitutes that promote nerve in-growth in a pattern similar to in vivo re-innervation. The methodology developed for the fabrication of such an innervated model cornea and for subsequent investigation of the function of these nerves is discussed in this thesis. Briefly, nerve in-growth into the tissue-engineered cornea is enhanced by the addition of laminin and nerve growth factor, but not retinoic acid. I demonstrated that these nerves are morphologically equivalent to natural corneal nerves and make appropriate contact with their target cells, which consequently, were found to be required for their survival. The nerves had functional sodium channels and generated action potentials similar to those of native nerve endings. I also demonstrated that the nerves could respond appropriately to chemical and physical stimuli and play an important role in the overall functioning of the bioengineered tissue. The presence of nerves conferred some protection to the epithelium from chemical insult and differential retention of sodium was observed within the nerve fibres themselves. As such, this model could be further developed for use as an in vitro alternative to animals for safety and efficacy testing of chemicals and drugs. Based on the concepts developed for these in vitro innervated corneas, hybrid biosynthetic matrices with the proper dimensions, transparency and biomechanical properties for use as corneal replacements in transplantation were also developed. These matrices were successfully implanted into corneas of pigs. Regeneration of corneal tissue and nerves was observed, along with restoration of sensory function. The basic model developed therefore can be used for studying corneal wound healing, nerve-corneal cell interactions and provides a basis for developing corneal replacements for transplantation.
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Ribchester, Richard R. "Development and plasticity of neuromuscular innervation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29963.
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The thesis presents contributions to the field of neuromuscular synaptic plasticity. Synaptic remodelling brings about changes in convergence and divergence in many different parts of the nervous system during development. Neuromuscular junctions have proved to be accessible synapses in which to describe and explain the mechanisms. During development, muscle fibres initially receive convergent, polyneuronal innervation (π) by axons arising from different motor neurones. The characteristic mononeuronal innervation (µ) pattern of adult muscle is achieved by synapse elimination, a process of weakening of synaptic strength followed by withdrawal of synaptic boutons, until all but one of the motor neuron inputs to an endplate is lost. Similar hyperinnervation and elimination occur in adult muscle after nerve injury, collateral sprouting and regeneration. These processes are strongly influenced by activity, apparently in accordance with Hebbian rules of synaptic plasticity. But how decisive is activity in ultimately determining the pattern of neuromuscular connectivity? The amount of sprouting is increased and the rate of synapse elimination is decreased when muscle activity is blocked. Sprouts regress and synapse elimination resumes when muscles are stimulated, or once normal activity is restored. Selectively blocking or restoring activity in some motor neurones but not others supplying a π-junction gives a competitive advantage to the more active neuromuscular synapses. However, activity is not sufficient to effect synapse elimination because many muscle fibres retain π-junctions after activity resumes following a period of paralysis. Nor is activity strictly necessary, because – paradoxically – synapse elimination continues at some motor endplates even when muscles are completely paralysed. Competition for neurotrophic factors may play an important role in determining the outcome of synapse elimination, but factors intrinsic to the motor neurone, perhaps involving the selective trafficking of maintenance factors along specific axon collaterals, appear to be important also. In each motor neurone, synapses are eliminated or strengthened asynchronously.
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Kornilova, I. P. "Innervation of skin of buttock area." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55323.
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Introduction. The innervation of skin of buttock area in literature is lit so far not enough. Data of educational literature and big neurologic grants come down to short transfer of nerves with the instruction in drawings of an approximate zone of their distribution. Work purpose. To investigate an innervation of skin of buttock area.
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Touré, Gaoussou. "La langue et son innervation intrinsèque." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S008.
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La distribution intralinguale des nerf est peu connue. Nous avons appliqué pour la première fois la méthode de Sihler à la langue humaine. Il existait des anastomoses extralinguales entre le nerf hypoglosse et le nerf lingual. Une cartographie des nerf au niveau de la langue et de l'épiglotte a été établie. Des anastomoses intralinguales existaient entre les nerfs hypoglosses, glossopharyngien et lingual que nous avons systématisées en trois niveaux. Au niveau de l'épiglotte, des rameaux des bnerfs vague, glossopharyngien et hypoglosse formaient des anses anastomotiques. Un cercle nerveux anastomotique se construisait des plis glosso-épiglottiques à la pointe de la langue. L'architecture musculaire a été identifiée en strates et en colonnes sur des coupes de langue do foetus de 32semaines. Des modifications anatomiques survenaient avec l'âgeThe intra-lingual course of the nerves of the tongue has never been studied in the human with the Sihler method. The technique was applied to six human tongues and allowed coloration of the nerves and illustration of the tongue. The course of the hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal and lingual nerves was defined. Constant anastomoses between the lingual nerves were demonstrated and may help explain the "neck-tongue" syndrome. This cartography of the nerves of the tongue allowed the definition of the motor and sensory consequences of tongue surgery. The tongue is an intricate organ. A 32 weeks fetus tongue was studied for the morphological analyses of the musculature. The tongue consisted of column structures and startum structures. There were anatomical modifications of the tongue during ageing
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Doig, Natalie M. "Cortical and thalamic innervation of striatum." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572466.
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The basal ganglia are a collection of sub-cortical nuclei involved in the execution of a range of motor and cognitive behaviours. The striatum is the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, receiving major excitatory innervation from the cerebral cortex and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. The main target of these two pathways are the principal striatal neurons, the medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which are subdivided based on their axonal targets and the expression of molecular markers. Direct pathway neurons project to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia and express the D, dopamine receptor subtype, whereas indirect pathway MSNs project to the output nuclei via the globus pallidus, and express the D2 receptor. The striatum also contains interneurons that are essential in processing information within striatum; the cholinergic interneuron is of particular interest due to its role in reward-related behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine the cortical and thalamic innervation of subtypes of striatal neurons. To examine whether the cortical or thalamic afferents selectively innervate direct or indirect pathway neurons, transgenic mice expressing GFP under either the D, or D2 receptor promoter were used. Striatal sections from these mice were immunostained to reveal the GFP and selective markers of the cortical and thalamic afferents, VGluTI and VGluT2, respectively. A quantitative electron microscopic examination ofsynaptic connectivity was carried out. The results indicate that there is no selectivity of either the cortical or thalamic pathway for D, or D2 expressing MSNs. Thus both direct and indirect pathway MSNs are involved in the processing of both cortical and thalamic information The cortical and thalamic innervation to cholinergic interneurons was also examined. Stimulation of cortex and thalamus in vivo in anaesthetised rats resulted in short-latency excitatory responses in identified cholinergic interneurons, indicative of monosynaptic connections. After recording, cholinergic interneurons were filled with neurobiotin. The synaptic innervation from cortex and thalamus was then examined in two individual, electrophysiologically characterised, and neurochemically identified cholinergic interneurons. One neuron received input from both cortex and thalamus, whereas the other neuron received input from the thalamus only. These results provide anatomical and physiological data illustrating how the excitatory inputs to striatum innervate cholinergic interneurons.
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Mazzia, Christophe. "Relations morphologiques des afférences primaires spinales avec les ganglions myoentériques et différents types cellulaires de la muqueuse dans la paroi de la jonction gastro-oesophagienne chez le chat." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30049.
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Nous avons marque selectivement les prolongements peripheriques de neurones afferents spinaux innervant la jonction gastro-sophagienne du chat grace a la technique de transport anterograde utilisant comme traceur la toxine du cholera couplee a la peroxydase. Les fibres marquees innervent essentiellement la zone myenterique et la muqueuse. Les observations ultrastructurales montrent que des fibres marquees sont apposees a des neurones myenteriques et des cellules de l'epithelium sophagien. Elles presentent aussi des relations de proximite avec des fibroblastes. Les fibres marquees sont toutes amyeliniques et ne semblent pas presenter de differenciation terminale particuliere. Ces fibres sont pourvues de varicosites contenant des petites vesicules claires et des grosses vesicules a cur dense ainsi que des mitochondries. En l'absence de differenciation terminale, nous suggerons que les varicosites agissent comme des sites recepteurs et que le contenu vesiculaire puisse etre libere pour agir sur les neurones myenteriques, les cellules epitheliales et les fibroblastes
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Geisler, Fabian. "Autonome Modulation der extrinsischen Innervation des Rattenösophagus." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964457164.
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Hardman, V. J. "Studies on the innervation of skeletal muscle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375243.
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Ho, Kossen M. T. "Structure and innervation of the urethral sphincter." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365803.
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Doyle, Christopher Alfred. "Catecholaminergic innervation of the cat spinal cord." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29736.
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The organisation of catecholamine (CA)-containing nerve terminals in the cat spinal dorsal horn was examined in an immunocytochemical study employing antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase & dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Light microscopic analysis revealed that varicose axons were concentrated in laminae I, II & IV. Correlated ultrastructural analysis showed that these terminals usually formed single synapses with dendrites of somata, but not with other axon terminals. This suggests that descending catecholaminergic axons regulate sensory transmission through the dorsal horn via a postsynaptic action upon dorsal horn neurons. Using the retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase to label particular groups of dorsal horn neurons, it was shown that the postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) pathway, is a major protection target of CA-containing axons. Over 60% of these cells were found to have dopamine-β-hydroxylase immunostained varicosities closely apposed to their somata and/or proximal dendrites, and correlated ultrastructural analysis confirmed that many of these contacts were regions of synaptic association. In contrast, the cells of the spinocervical tract (SCT) did not receive a major innervation from these axons. The lateral cervical nucleus (LCN), the termination site of SCT cells, was found to possess a dense innervation from CA-containing axons. These fibres were present throughout the nucleus and synapsed with dendrites and somata, including those of large cells in the lateral region, but not with other axon terminals. This suggests that catecholaminergic axons in the LCN regulate the activity of LCN neurons but not the terminals of SCT cells. It has been suggested that many catecholaminergic axons in the dorsal horn may contain neuropeptide Y (NPY), and an examination was made of NPY-immunoreactive axons to test this hypothesis. Light microscopy revealed a heavy concentration of NPY-positive profiles in laminae I & II, but only low to moderate numbers in III-VI.
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Pianca, Nicola. "Sympathetic innervation controls cardiac trophism and physiology." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424983.
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In this thesis I investigated the characteristics of SN-CM interaction, to elucidate if the control of CM activity by SNs occur through a direct cell to cell interaction. I studied SN-CM interaction at the level of the working myocardium, to assess if SN innervation is able to modulate locally CM structural properties. Moreover, using an in vitro model of SNs and CMs coculture I tested the hypothesis of the direct interaction between SN and CM and, evaluated the functional effects of this interaction, in vivo, at the level of the sinoatrial node, exploting the advantages of a novel optogenetic approach. To reach this aim, I implemented cardiac optogenetics on CM, Purkinje fibers and SNs. Finally, I inquired possible translational applications of cardiac optogenetics for clinically relevant situations.
The understanding of the mechanism of SN-CM interaction is of great clinical relevance since cardiac innervation impairment has been associated to a growing amount of pathological situations, such as myocardial infarction, diabetes and different types of cardiomyopathies.In questa tesi ho studiato le caratteristiche di interazione neuroni simpatici (SN) e cardiomiociti (CM) SN-CM, per chiarire se il controllo dell'attività dei CM da parte dei SN avviene attraverso un'interazione cellula-cellula. Ho studiato l'interazione SN-CM a livello del miocardio di lavoro, per valutare se innervazione simpatica è in grado di modulare localmente le proprietà dei CM. Inoltre, utilizzando un modello in vitro di SN e CMS coculture ho testato l'ipotesi dell'interazione diretta tra SN e CM e, valutato gli effetti funzionali di questa interazione, in vivo, a livello del nodo senoatriale, sfruttando i vantaggi di un nuovo approccio optogenetico. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, ho implementato l'optogenetica cardiaca su CM, fibre di Purkinje e SN. Infine, ho indagato possibili applicazioni traslazionali dell'optogenetica cardiaca per situazioni clinicamente rilevanti. La comprensione del meccanismo di interazione SN-CM è di grande rilevanza clinica poiché difetti nell'innervazione sono stati associati ad una quantità crescente di situazioni patologiche, come infarto miocardico, diabete e diversi tipi di cardiomiopatie.
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Cognigni, Paola. "Mechanisms of intestinal regulation in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608080.
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Oehler, Jan. "Die nichtadrenerge-nichtcholinerge Innervation der Thoraxorgane des Meerschweinchens." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969489145.
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Münnich, Juliane. "Intrinsische Innervation im Pansen von Wiederkäuern verschiedener Ernährungstypen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-20090415-081210-2.
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Wiederkäuer können entsprechend ihrer Ernährungsgewohnheiten in Rauhfutterfresser, Konzentrat-selektierer und Intermediärtypen eingeteilt werden (HOFMANN 1989). Diese verschiedenen Ernährungstypen spiegeln sich in anatomischen Unterschieden des gesamten Gastrointestinaltraktes, insbesondere jedoch in der Vormagenanatomie wider. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die intrinsische Innervation des Pansens von Wiederkäuern des Rauhfutterfresser- und Intermediärtyps näher zu charakterisieren und mögliche Unterschiede zwischen diesen beiden Ernährungstypen aufzuzeigen. Dafür wurden im ersten Teil der Arbeit die Expression des generellen Neuronenmarkers HuC/D, der Syntheseenzyme Stickstoffmonoxidsynthase (NOS) und Cholinazetyltransferase (ChAT), sowie der Neuropeptide und der neuronalen Marker Neuropeptid Y (NPY), Vasoaktives Intestinales Peptid (VIP), Somatostatin (SOM) und Calbindin (Calb) an Häutchenpräparaten (whole mounts) des myenterischen Plexus aus dem Pansen der Rauhfutterfresser Schaf und Rind und der Intermediärtypen Ziege und Damwild immunhistochemisch untersucht. Desweiteren wurden die Parameter Gangliengröße (Neurone/Ganglion), Gangliendichte (Ganglien/cm² Plexusfläche) und Neuronendichte (Neurone/cm² Plexusfläche) der genannten Spezies tierartlich vergleichend erfasst. Beim Rind fanden sich mit 73±6 Neuronen/Ganglion (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung) signifikant größere Ganglien als bei den kleinen Wiederkäuern Ziege (57±19), Damwild (51±20) und Schaf (45±18). Demgegenüber war die mittlere Gangliendichte beim Rind mit 6±1 Ganglien/cm² Plexusfläche signifikant geringer als bei Schaf (8±2) und Ziege (10±3), die wiederum eine signifikant geringere Gangliendichte als das Damwild mit 15±3 Ganglien/cm² Plexusfläche aufwiesen. Die Neuronendichte war im ventralen Pansensack von Damwild und Ziege (664±194 bzw. 584±295 Neuronen/cm² Plexusfläche) signifikant höher als beim Schaf (289±132). Die Neuronendichte des Rindes lag mit 432±238 Neuronen/cm² Plexusfläche zwischen den Werten der anderen Spezies. Alle untersuchten myenterischen Neurone waren entweder cholinerg oder nitrerg kodiert. Der relative Anteil nitrerger Neurone pro Ganglion war bei der Ziege (44±10 %) signifikant höher als beim Schaf (30±8 %). Dementsprechend war der relative Anteil cholinerger Neurone beim Schaf signifikant höher als bei der Ziege. Neben den Anteilen unterschied sich auch die Verteilung der nitrergen Neurone in den myenterischen Ganglien. Bei Rind und Ziege waren diese in Clustern am Rand der Ganglien angeordnet, während sie bei Schaf und Damwild locker über die Ganglienfläche verteilt erschienen. Mit Hilfe von Kolokalisationsuntersuchungen konnten bei allen untersuchten Spezies folgende Hauptneuronenpopulationen nachgewiesen werden: ChAT/SP>NOS/NPY/VIP>>ChAT/- und NOS/NPY. Dabei war die cholinerge Hauptpopulation ChAT/SP beim Schaf mit 67±7 % aller myenterischen Neurone signifikant stärker ausgeprägt als beim Damwild (58±11 %), während die nitrerge Hauptpopulation NOS/NPY/VIP bei der Ziege mit 40±9 % signifikant stärker als beim Schaf (26±6 %) ausgeprägt war. SOM und Calbindin fanden sich nur in einer sehr geringen Anzahl (vornehmlich cholinerger) Neurone, wobei SOM–positive Somata nur bei Damwild und Schaf nachgewiesen werden konnten. Im myenterischen Plexus von Rind und Ziege fanden sich ausschließlich Somatostatin-positive Nervenfasern. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurden die Reaktionen von Zirkulärmuskelstreifen aus dem ventralen Pansensack von Schaf und Ziege auf Elektrische Feldstimulation nach Zugabe von Atropin bzw. L-NAME (NG-Nitro-L-Arginine Methylester Hydrochlorid), sowie die Reaktionen auf steigende Konzentrationen von Carbachol funktionell untersucht. Bei beiden Spezies führte Atropin zu verminderten, L-NAME zu verstärkten Kontraktionen als Reaktion auf Elektrische Feldstimulationen. Der muskarinerge Agonist Carbachol führte im Schaf- und Ziegenpansen zu einer konzentrationsabhängigen Steigerung der Motilität. Die Ergebnisse der neurochemischen Untersuchungen lassen auf eine stärkere cholinerge (und somit exzitatorische Kontrolle) des Pansens des Rauhfutterfressers Schaf im Vergleich zu Ziege und Damwild (Intermediärtypen) schließen. Die mikrobielle Fermentation grob strukturierten Rauhfutters erfordert starke, mixende Pansenkontraktionen. Es ist zu vermuten, dass ein höherer Anteil cholinerger myenterischer Neurone auch stärkere Pansenkontraktionen ermöglicht. Somit wäre die starke Ausprägung der cholinergen Innervation im Pansen des Rauhfutterfressers Schaf als eine Anpassung an die physikomechanischen Eigenschaften der bevorzugten Nahrungsquelle Gras zu sehen. Allerdings gelang es in der vorliegenden Arbeit nicht, diese Hypothese durch Unterschiede der in-vitro Motilität an ovinen und caprinen Pansenmuskelstreifen zu untermauern. In scheinbarem Widerspruch zu dieser Hypothese stand auch die nur gering ausgeprägte cholinerge Dominanz bei dem untersuchten großen Rauhfutterfresser Rind. Allerdings könnte diese genetisch bedingt sein, da es sich bei den untersuchten Proben um Material von auf hohe Milchleistung (und damit Konzentratverdaulichkeit) gezüchteten Rinderrassen handelte. Auch ein direkter diätetischer Einfluss auf die intrinsische Panseninnervation scheint in diesem Zusammenhang denkbar. Diese Annahme gründet sich auf Untersuchungen an kleinen Labornagern, bei denen die Aufnahme hoher Energiemengen zu einem Verlust enterischer cholinerger Neurone – und somit zu einem relativ höheren Anteil nitrerger Neurone führt. Deshalb sollte bei allen untersuchten Spezies neben einem möglichen genetischen Einfluss auch der Einfluss der Fütterung nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Klarheit könnte hier neben vergleichenden Untersuchungen an Extensiv- und Hochleistungsrinderrassen auch die Untersuchung des Einflusses von bestimmten Fütterungsregimen auf die enterische Panseninnervation bringen.
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Gahlot, Luxmi. "Vagal innervation and surfactant system in fetal sheep." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/MQ55209.pdf.
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Revel, Aurélia. "Innervation sympathique et hémodynamique cérébrale chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819175.
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Ce travail avait pour but de déterminer, chez le rat vigil, le rôle de l'innervation sympathique dans le contrôle de l'hémodynamique cérébrale 1/ au cours d'une période d'activité normale d'environ 4 heures, et 2/ lors d'une augmentation aiguë de la pression artérielle (PA) induite par un stress émotionnel (jet d'air). Les débits sanguins dans les artères carotides internes (DSCa) ont été mesurés grâce à des sondes Doppler chroniquement implantées, chez des rats intacts ou ayant subi l'exérèse unilatérale du ganglion cervical supérieur. Le stress induit une élévation brusque et importante de la PA qui s'accompagne d'une hyperémie et d'une vasodilatation beaucoup plus marquées du côté dénervé que du côté innervé. Dans les conditions de base, l'analyse spectrale révèle une augmentation de la variabilité du DSCa du côté dénervé. La cohérence entre les deux DSCa, qui fournit un index de corrélation linéaire dans le domaine fréquentiel, a été calculée avant (cohérence ordinaire) et après élimination mathématique de l'influence de la PA (cohérence partielle). Les cohérences ordinaire et partielle sont diminuées par la sympathectomie unilatérale dans une bande de fréquences comprises entre 0,01 et 0,1 Hz. Ceci suggère un rôle modulateur important de l'innervation sympathique vis-à-vis de ces fluctuations lentes des DSCa. Ces résultats montrent que chez le rat vigil, l'innervation sympathique exerce un rôle protecteur de la circulation cérébrale face aux augmentations de PA au cours du stress émotionnel. Par ailleurs, cette innervation module des fluctuations spontanées lentes du débit sanguin cérébral qui ne sont pas directement reliées aux fluctuations de la PA.
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Molnár, Zoltán. "Multiple mechanisms in the establishment of thalamocortical innervation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e802e0b-6a11-4d92-9820-5697b70292c1.
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Guérillot, Chantal. "Innervation épiphysaire des rongeurs : recherches morphologiques et physiologiques." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S001.
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Apres ablation des ganglions cervicaux ou modification de l'eclairement, l'activite genitale a ete etudiee, confirmant le role majeur de l'innervation sympathique. Trois types de fibres identifiees dans l'epiphyse et le pedicule pineal : 1) fibres orthosympathiques amyeniliques ; 2) fibres pinealopetes non orthosympathiques, myelinisees ou non ; 3) fibres pinealofuges amyeliniques. Les pericaryons de certaines fibres pinealopetes se trouvent dans l'hypothalamus ou les aires d'association sensorielle. Identification du role de gaba comme neurotransmetteur epiphysaire, non confirme pour la taurine
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Aven, Linh Ma. "Innervation defects as a mechanism of childhood asthma." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10933.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityCurrently, asthma affects 25.7 million people in the United States and is increasing in prevalence worldwide, with young children at high risk. Recent studies show that early environmental exposure can lead to asthma and impair lung function. While the development of asthma is not fully understood, findings indicate that cigarette smoke, ozone, allergen, or viral exposure to an immature lung can induce changes in airway innervation. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes and how these changes affect lung function are unknown. Normally, lung innervation plays a role in coughing, sensing, and breathing. We found that embryonic lung innervation requires brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) signaling and postnatal lung innervation requires neurotrophin 4 (NT4) signaling. Since both of these neurotrophins signal through tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), they have temporally distinct roles in airway smooth muscle (ASM) innervation. We show that neurotrophins are released from ASM and act as target-derived signals for ASM innervation. We also show that early allergen exposure in neonatal mice increase NT4/TrkB signaling leading to ASM hyper-innervation. Notably, genetic disruption and small molecule blockade of NT4/TrkB signaling in early allergen exposed neonates prevented both acute and persistent airway hyper-reactivity without affecting baseline airway function or inflammation. Furthermore, biophysical assays using lung slices and isolated ASM cells demonstrated that NT4 was required for ASM hyper-contractility induced by early-life allergen exposure. Together, our findings show that the NT4/TrkB dependent increase in innervation plays a critical role in altering the ASM phenotype during postnatal growth, thereby linking early-life allergen exposure to persistent airway dysfunction. Our findings may explain why children who are exposed to environmental insults often develop asthma later in life. Findings from this study may also provide new pathways and targets for novel allergic asthma therapies.
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Juven, Patrick. "Contribution a l'etude de l'omo-hyoidien et son innervation." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF11006.
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Bertrand, Martin. "Innervation intra-pelvienne : étude anatomique, immuno-histochimique et radiologique avec reconstruction tridimensionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5019.
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IntroductionL’anatomie nerveuse pelvienne est imprécise dans la littérature. ObjectifsReprésenter en 3D l’innervation autonome du pelvis. Démontrer la capacité de l’IRM voir cette innervation.Matériels et méthodesDes coupes ont été faites sur le bassin de fœtus et d’adultes, puis traitées par des colorations et immunomarquages. Les lames ont été numérisées et reconstruites en 3D.Nous avons effectué une confrontation anatomo-radiologique entre des images d’IRM et de dissection.RésultatsNous avons pu décrire l’innervation autonome du pelvis et faire une cartographie des neuromédiateurs. Nous avons également pu suggérer des plans d’épargne nerveuse lors de la chirurgie. Les acquisitions IRM ont permis une visualisation de l’innervation de façon précise avec une bonne concordance.ConclusionCe travail permet une meilleure description de l’innervation pelvienne et des plans chirurgicaux à emprunter en chirurgie pelvienne. L’IRM permet bien de visualiser l’innervation pelvienneIntroduction :Pelvis nervous anatomy is imprecise in literature. Objectives:1-To describe and represent in 3D pelvic autonomic innervation. 2-To demonstrate the capacity of MRI to visualize pelvic autonomous innervation.Materiel/patients and methods:Serial histological sections were made from foetuses and adults. Sections were treated with conventional and immunostainings. Sections were digitalized and reconstructed in 3D. An anatomo-radiological comparison was made between MRI images and dissection. Results:Our study enabled to localize the pelvic autonomous innervation and to realize a complete neuro-mediators cartography.MRI acquisition allowed an good visualization of the autonomous innervation, with a good correlation with dissection.Conclusion and perspectives:This study enabled a better understanding of pelvic nervous anatomy and physiology. It also demonstrated that this anatomy is visible on MRI
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Ahidouch, Ahmed. "Dynamique des jonctions neuromusculaires et de la composition du muscle sternocéphalique après dénervation et suture croisée hétérogène, nerf vague sensitif-nerf spinal accessoire, chez le lapin." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10110.
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Gericke, Martin. "Peptiderger Einfluss auf 3T3-L1 Adipozyten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-81584.
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Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine experimentelle Untersuchung zum Einfluss von zwei Ko-Transmittern des autonomen Nervensystems, Neuropeptid Y und dem Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP), auf den intrazellulären Kalziumspiegel und die Insulinsensitivität von 3T3-L1 Adipozyten. Mittels Polymerasekettenreaktion und Western Blot Analyse konnte die Expression des NPY-1 (Y1) Rezeptors als auch die der PACAP Rezeptoren PAC1 und VPAC2 nachgewiesen werden. Die Aktivierung des Y1 oder des PAC1 Rezeptors durch ihre Agonisten führte zur Erhöhung des intrazellulären Kalziumspiegels. Im Weiteren führte NPY nach Ko-Applikation mit Insulin zu einer abgeschwächten Insulinsensitivität der Adipozyten, da sowohl die insulin-stimulierte Translokation von Glukosetransporter 4 zur Zelloberfläche als auch die Glukoseaufnahme durch NPY abgeschwächt wurde. Dieser Effekt konnte als Y1 spezifisch beschrieben werden.
Diese Ergebnisse gewähren somit neue Einblicke über den peptidergen Einfluss auf den Adipozytenstoffwechsel und erlauben Rückschlüsse über die Rolle des autonomen Nervensystems in der Entwicklung von Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus Typ 2.
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Kallmünzer, Bernd. "Enterische Co-Innervation von quergestreifter Muskulatur im menschlichen Ösophagus /." Erlangen, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253825.
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Sequeira, Indira Maria. "Quantitative immunhistochemische Untersuchung der Innervation der Koronararterien der Ratte." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976842203.
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Nichols, Kim Colleen. "Nitrergic innervation of the gut in health and disease." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9672.
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At the outset of this study, anatomical and physiological findings indicated that nitric oxide (NO) was a putative inhibitory transmitter of at least a subpopulation of enteric non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) myenteric motor neurons. Biochemical and molecular analyses confirmed that NO synthase, under appropriate conditions of pH and fixation, could be histochemically identified using an NADPH-dependent diaphorase technique. In this work, this histochemical technique was applied to whole mounts and tissue sections of the guinea-pig, rat and human intestine in order to provide a complete report on the distribution of sites of NO synthase activity in these species. NO synthase reactive neural elements were found to occur within the myenteric plexus as well as the submucosa throughout all regions of the intestine. The potential for blood vessels of the gut to synthesize NO was examined using NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and endothelial cell immunohistochemistry in laminar preparations and cryosectioned tissue of the guinea-pig, rat and human intestine. This aspect of the study provided the first evidence to indicate that (1) both the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of the microvessels irrigating the intestinal wall of these species possess NO synthesis potential; (2) high endothelial venules in both the perifollicular area of Peyer's patches and extralymphoid regions of the submucosa and lamina propria also display NO synthase activity and (3) NO synthase activity is consistently and predominantly localized to discrete endothelial cell subcellular patches. The functional significance of the nitrergic innervation in the human intestine was addressed by examining whether this innervation could be distinguished on the basis of existing peptidergic neurons, such as those utilizing neuropeptide Y (NPY). In addition to NO and NPY exerting similar biological actions in the mammalian intestine including modulation of food intake, blood flow, motility, and secretion, these substances coexist in submucosal secretomotor neurons of the rodent intestine. This study examined the relative disposition of elements displaying NPY immunoreactivity and NADPH diaphorase activity in the nerve networks of the infant human colon. Neural elements containing NPY immunoreactivity and NADPH diaphorase activity were identified in the external muscle layers, myenteric plexus, and all nerve layers of the submucosa, including Henle's plexus, the Intermediate nerve layer, and Meissner's plexus. Perivascular NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers did not contain NO synthase activity. This study also sought to determine whether some populations of nitrergic neurons and GABAergic interneurons represent the same subset of neurons in the human colon by assessing the colocalization of NADPH diaphorase activity in GABAergic nerve cells. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Bulat, Robert Stephen. "Studies of the innervation of rabbit uterus and cervix." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0009/NQ30078.pdf.
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Alpert, J. E. "Behavioural neurobiology of the dopamine innervation of ventral striatum." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373648.
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Wallman, Marie-Josée. "Innervation sérotoninergique des ganglions de la base chez l'humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23937/23937.pdf.
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Ali, Abdel Hay Mohamed. "Studies on the sensory innervation of the rat stomach." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386850.
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Perez, Sharon E. (Sharon Elizabeth). "Target field response to retinal innervation in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39377.
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Didier, Anne. "Le saccule et son innervation : étude anatomique et fonctionnelle." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR22019.
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Brooks, Justin. "A MOLECULAR MECHANISM REGULATING THE TIMING OF CORTICOGENICULATE INNERVATION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3221.
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Visual system development requires the formation of precise circuitry in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus. Although much work has examined the molecular mechanisms by which retinal axons target and form synapses in dLGN, much less is known about the mechanisms that coordinate the formation of non-retinal inputs in dLGN. These non-retinal inputs represent ~90% of the terminals that form in dLGN. Interestingly, recently reports show that the targeting and formation of retinal and non-retinal inputs are temporally orchestrated. dLGN relay neurons are first innervated by retinal axons, and it is only after retinogeniculate synapses form that axons from cortical layer VI neurons are permitted to enter and arborize in dLGN. The molecular mechanisms governing the spatiotemporal regulation of corticogeniculate innervation are unknown. Here we screened for potential cues in the perinatal dLGN that might repel the premature invasion of corticogeniculate axons prior to the establishment of retinogeniculate circuitry. We discovered aggrecan, an inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), was highly enriched in the perinatal dLGN, and aggrecan protein levels dropped dramatically at ages corresponding to the entry of corticogeniculate axons into the dLGN. In vitro assays demonstrated that aggrecan is sufficient to repel axons from layer VI cortical neurons, and early degradation of aggrecan, with chondroitinase ABC (chABC), promoted advanced corticogeniculate innervation in vivo. These results support the notion that aggrecan is necessary for preventing premature innervation of the dLGN by corticogeniculate axons. To understand the mechanisms that control aggrecan distribution, we identified a family of extracellular enzymes (the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thromobospondin motifs [ADAMTS] family) expressed in postnatal dLGN that are known to contain aggrecan-degrading activity. Importantly, ADAMTS family members are upregulated in dLGN after retinogeniculate synapses form, and intrathalamic injection of ADAMTS4 (also known as aggrecanase-1) resulted in premature invasion of dLGN by corticogeniculate axons. Taken together these results implicate aggrecan and ADAMTSs in the spatial and temporal regulation of non-retinal inputs to the dLGN.
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Didier, Anne. "Le Saccule et son innervation étude anatomique et fonctionnelle /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613191q.
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Dinh, Quoc-Thai. "Die sensible und sympathische Innervation der unteren Atemwege der Maus." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964840057.
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Rösch, Corinna. "Motorische Innervation des Vormagens durch das enterische Nervensystem beim Lamm." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-33601.
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Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die intrinsische Innervation durch das enterische Nervensystem in den funktionell unterschiedlichen Vormagenbereichen Pansen, Haube und Schlundrinne beim Saug- und Mastlamm zu charakterisieren. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurden grundsätzliche Innervationsmerkmale wie die neurochemischen Kodierung der myenterischen Neurone ermittelt. Im zweiten Teil wurde beim Sauglamm untersucht, ob an der Innervation der Vormagenmuskulatur myenterische Neurone mit spezifischer neurochemischer Kodierung beteiligt sind. Beiden Fragestellungen wurde durch die Untersuchung von kultivierten Gewebeproben aus Pansen, Haube und Schlundrinne nachgegangen. Zur Identifizierung der Muskelneurone wurde in Verbindung mit der Gewebekultur eine retrograde Tracingmethode mit dem Fluoreszenzfarbstoff 1,1`-Didodecyl-3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanin-Perchlorat (DiI) angewandt. Zur Bestimmung der neurochemischen Kodierung wurden die Neurone auf ihre Immunreaktivität für Cholinazetyltransferase (ChAT), Stickstoffmonoxidsynthase (NOS), Substanz P (SP) und Vasoaktives Intestinales Peptid (VIP) untersucht. Mit Hilfe dieses Ansatzes konnten die Populationen ChAT/SP, ChAT/-, NOS/VIP und NOS/- ermittelt werden. Die prozentualen Anteile der einzelnen Populationen wiesen dabei sowohl lokalisations- als auch altersabhängige Unterschiede auf. Während im Pansen und in der Haube des Sauglammes die meisten Neurone eine cholinerge Kodierung besaßen (Pansen: ChAT/SP 63% der Gesamtneuronenpopulation, ChAT/- 19%, NOS/VIP 17%, NOS/- <1%; Haube: ChAT/SP 64%, ChAT/- 24%, NOS/VIP 10%, NOS/- <1%), war in der Schlundrinne des Sauglammes die größte Population nitrerg (NOS/VIP 45%, NOS/- 17%, ChAT/SP 25%, ChAT/- 13%). In diesem Bereich des Vormagens traten die stärksten altersabhängigen Veränderungen der Populationsgrößen auf. So wies in der Schlundrinne des Mastlammes die Population NOS/VIP einen Anteil von 83% auf. Die Populationen ChAT/SP und ChAT/- waren nicht mehr nachweisbar. Eine moderate Zunahme der nitrergen Population war altersabhängig auch im Retikulorumen des Mastlammes feststellbar (Pansen: ChAT/SP 61%, ChAT/- 13%, NOS/VIP 24%, NOS/- <1%; Haube: ChAT/SP 62%, ChAT/- 21%, NOS/VIP 17%, NOS/- <1%). Die Applikation des Farbstoffs DiI auf die Vormagenmuskulatur (retrogrades Tracing) führte in allen drei untersuchten Kompartimenten zur Markierung von Muskelneuronen. Im Pansen besaßen die DiI-markierten Neurone hauptsächlich die Kodierungen ChAT/SP und NOS/VIP. In der Zirkulär- und in der Longitudinalmuskulatur waren 65% der Muskelneurone cholinerg und 35% waren nitrerg. Auch in der Haube wurden beide Muskelschichten vorwiegend durch Neurone der Population ChAT/SP innerviert (Zirkulärmuskelschicht: ChAT/SP 66%, NOS/VIP 18%; Längsmuskelschicht: ChAT/SP 63%, NOS/VIP 30%). Anders als im Pansen projizierte in der Haube ein größerer Anteil der rein cholinergen Neurone zur Muskulatur (Haube: Zirkulärmuskelschicht: 16%, Längsmuskelschicht: 7%; Pansen: 2% bzw. 5%). Sowohl im Pansen als auch in der Haube waren die markierten Muskelneurone beider Muskelschichten zu etwa gleichen Anteilen oral und aboral von der Applikationsstelle lokalisiert. In der Schlundrinne stammten die markierten Muskelneurone aus allen vier Populationen. Der prozentuale Anteil der nitrergen Muskelneurone war hier höher als im Retikulorumen (beide Muskelschichten: NOS/VIP 39%, NOS/- 17%, ChAT/SP 26%, ChAT/- 9%). Die meisten Muskelneurone waren aboral der Applikationsstelle lokalisiert und besaßen daher eine aszendierende Projektionsrichtung. Eine Polarität der aszendierenden und deszendierenden Projektionen konnte dabei in keinem der drei Kompartimente nachgewiesen werden. Es konnte somit gezeigt werden, dass im Vormagen myenterische Neurone unterschiedlicher neurochemischer Kodierungen existieren, die auch zur Innervation der glatten Muskulatur beitragen. Die prozentualen Anteile der einzelnen Populationen sind dabei von der Lokalisation und dem Alter und somit auch von der Funktion der einzelnen Vormagenkompartimente abhängig. Die altersabhängig veränderten Innervationsmuster weisen auf die Fähigkeit der enterischen Nerven hin, sich an die physiologischen Besonderheiten des Wiederkäuervormagens anzupassen. Sie spiegeln somit die neuronale Plastizität wieder.
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Ishikawa, Yuji. "Innervation of lateral line system in the medaka, Oryzias latipes." Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks BioScience Center Nagoya University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13789.
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Marron, Kevin. "Human cardiac innervation : regional distribution, morphology and changes with ageing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11262.
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Schindelhauer, Nancy Lynn. "Trophic interactions between rat thigh blood vessels and their innervation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26069.
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Much less work has been done on the denervation of smooth muscle compared with the extensive studies carried out on skeletal muscle. It was thought that denervation of smooth muscle produced few alterations in its morphology or physiology, especially since many blood vessels have virtually no innervation, and therefore, they can survive without it. Simple severing or excising a section of nerve trunk is sufficient to denervate skeletal muscle, but this does not apply to smooth muscle. Therefore, denervation methods for smooth muscle have included those with widespread effects such as chemical and immunological sympathectomies, and superior cervical ganglionectomy. In this study, I have developed a a semi-permanent, localized denervation method for rat thigh vessels and have used this method to study the trophic interactions between blood vessels and their innervation.
Female Wistar rats were denervated at 1-3 or 12 days of age, and examined at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. The femoral nerve, which carries the vasomotor innervation to the thigh vessels, was severed in the thigh and brought inside the abdominal cavity. This method was necessary since preliminary experiments showed rapid re-innervation of the vessels if any part of the proximal root remained in the thigh. Inside the abdominal cavity, the nerve was slipped into a plastic tube and heat sealed. The tubing further inhibited re-innervation by preventing collateral sprouting from the proximal stump. Samples of the distal nerve stump, the proximal nerve stump, and from the femoral vein and saphenous artery were taken. In every animal, the contralateral side acted as a control.
The distal and proximal nerve stumps showed marked evidence of degeneration. Fluorescence microscopy (specific for catecholamines) showed a significant decrease in the number of fluorescing dots around both the artery and vein. The presence of some fluorescencing dots around the denervated vessels may be from the nerves that were seen re-innervating the vessels at the time of sampling. These nerves came from aberrant areas. Arteries sampled at 90 days showed a significant decrease in the cross-sectional area of the tunica media on the denervated side.
The denervated femoral vein, in situ, was seen to be grossly dilated compared to the control side. Measurements of the luminal perimeter of sections of the vein showed that the denervated vein had a luminal area up to three times that of the controls. The difference in wall thickness in the femoral vein was not significant at the p<0.05 level. My results indicate that adrenergic nerves may not only have a trophic influence on arteries, but may influence veins as well. Therefore, in this study, trophic influences of nerves on blood vessels have been suggested by denervation causing 1) a thinner arterial wall and by producing 2) a reproducible dilation of the femoral vein. Also, trophic influences of blood vessels on nerves is suggested by the presence of re-innervation from aberrant areas.Medicine, Faculty of
Graduate
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Sizemore, Rachel J., and n/a. "Innervation of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of the rat." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090915.155925.
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Cholinergic interneurons are relatively rare neurons in the rat striatum. These sparsely distributed neurons display a synchronous pause in their tonic firing pattern during reward-related learning. It has been hypothesised that a specialised fast-conducting crossed-corticostriatal pathway is involved in synchronising the pause in tonic firing of these interneurons. This study aimed to detail the innervation of cholinergic interneurons by mapping their proximal and distal inputs and to describe the innervation of the crossed-corticostriatal pathway in male Wistar rats. In vivo electrophysiological recording methods were used to label single crossed-corticostriatal neurons but inadequately labeled their axons. Thus, an anterograde neuronal tracing study was conducted. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA; 1.2 [mu]l) was pressure-injected into the left cerebral hemisphere. Six days later, the rat was perfused-fixed and the brain sectioned. BDA-labelled axons were traced to both the ipsilateral and contralateral striata. Cholinergic interneurons in the right striatum were double-immunolabelled using an optimised protocol including a polyclonal rabbit anti-m2-muscarinic receptor antibody and a monoclonal goat anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody. All sections were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Serial ultrathin sections were montaged and distal (from non BDA-labelled tissue) and proximal synapses were each mapped separately. A reconstructed distal dendrite from a cholinergic interneuron, located 225 [mu]m from the soma, was analysed. It had an average width of 1 .25[mu]m and 0.726 synapses per [mu]m. This was compared to dendrites in the same tissue and from BDA-labelled tissue. Two dendrites were presumed to be distal profiles of either cholinergic or somatostatin interneurons, while the third was thought to belong to another interneuronal cell type. In terms of surface area, there were less somal synapses compared to those made onto the distal dendrite of the cholinergic interneuron. Somal synapse counts were similar to those reported previously from our laboratory, where symmetric synapses were most common. Crossed-corticostriatal BDA-labelled axons were found to course across proximal dendrites and somas of immunolabelled cholinergic interneurons. Varicosities from these axons were found in close proximity to proximal dendrites and somas of cholinergic interneurons. Of all cholinergic interneurons in an adjacent section, 77% showed closely associated proximal varicosities. Of these, 76% of varicosities were associated with the soma, 11% to proximal dendrites and 13% to both locations. Twenty-nine BDA-labeled axons were analysed using transmission electron microscopy. Most were observed making asymmetric synaptic contact with unlabelled spines. In two cases spines were traced to medium spiny projection neurons. Two axon segments were seen touching the proximal regions of separate cholinergic interneurons. At these contact sites interrupted membrane thickenings were observed. It is proposed here that synapses may form at these sites during reward-related learning. However labelling of the contact sites with a postsynaptic marker would be necessary to confirm their synaptic nature. The current study has gathered information about the distal and proximal innervation patterns of these neurons and described the termination pattern of the crossed-corticostriatal pathway in relation to these neurons for the first time. These findings support the crossed-corticostriatal pathway as one possible anatomical substrate for synchronising the pause response on both sides of the brain.
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Ali, Declan W. "On the aminergic innervation of locust (Locusta migratoria) salivary glands." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0006/NQ27867.pdf.
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Ackermann, Paul. "Peptidergic innervation of periarticular tissue : a study in the rat /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-094-6/.
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Mutwally, Hamed Mohammed A. "The structure, innervation and function of locust foregut visceral muscle." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305808.
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