Relevant bibliographies by topics / Innervation

Academic literature on the topic 'Innervation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Innervation"

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Wang, Yu, and Li Ye. "The Afferent Function of Adipose Innervation." Diabetes 73, no. 3 (February 20, 2024): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dbi23-0002.

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Adipose tissue innervation is critical for regulating metabolic and energy homeostasis. While the sympathetic efferent innervation of fat is well characterized, the role of sensory or afferent innervation remains less explored. This article reviews previous work on adipose innervation and recent advances in the study of sensory innervation of adipose tissues. We discuss key open questions, including the physiological implications of adipose afferents in homeostasis as well as potential cross talk with sympathetic neurons, the immune system, and hormonal pathways. We also outline the general technical challenges of studying dorsal root ganglia innervating fat, along with emerging technologies that may overcome these barriers. Finally, we highlight areas for further research to deepen our understanding of the afferent function of adipose innervation.
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Tubbs, R. Shane, Mohammadali M. Shoja, Marios Loukas, Jeffrey Lancaster, Martin M. Mortazavi, Eyas M. Hattab, and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol. "Study of the cervical plexus innervation of the trapezius muscle." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, no. 5 (May 2011): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.1.spine10717.

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Object There is conflicting and often anecdotal evidence regarding the potential motor innervation of the trapezius muscle by cervical nerves, with most authors attributing such fibers to proprioception. As knowledge of such potential motor innervations may prove useful to the neurosurgeon, the present study aimed to elucidate this anatomy further. Methods Fifteen adult cadavers (30 sides) underwent dissection of the posterior triangle of the neck and harvesting of cervical nerve fibers found to enter the trapezius muscle. Random fibers were evaluated histologically to determine fiber type (that is, motor vs sensory axons). Results In addition to an innervation from the spinal accessory nerve, the authors also identified cervical nerve innervations of all trapezius muscles. For these innervations, 3 sides were found to have fibers derived from C-2 to C-4, 2 sides had fibers derived from C-2 to C-3, and 25 sides had fibers derived from C-3 to C-4. Fibers derived from C-2 to C-4 were classified as a Type I innervation, those from C-2 to C-3 were classified as a Type II innervation, and those from C-3 to C-4 were classified as a Type III innervation. Immunohistochemical analysis of fibers from each of these types confirmed the presence of motor axons. Conclusions Based on the authors' study, cervical nerves innervate the trapezius muscle with motor fibers. These findings support surgical and clinical experiences in which partial or complete trapezius function is maintained after injury to the spinal accessory nerve. The degree to which these nerves innervate this muscle, however, necessitates further study. Such information may be useful following nerve transfer procedures, denervation techniques for cervical dystonia, or sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve due to pathological entities.
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Chaware, Prashant, John Santoshi, Manmohan Patel, Mohtashim Ahmad, and Bertha Rathinam. "Surgical Implications of Innervation Pattern of the Triceps Muscle: A Cadaveric Study." Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 10, no. 03 (June 20, 2018): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660771.

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AbstractThe innervation pattern of triceps is complex and not fully comprehended. Anomalous innervations of triceps have been described by various authors. We have attempted to delineate the nerve supply of the triceps and documented the anomalous innervations of its different heads. The brachial plexus and its major branches (in the region of the axilla and arm) and triceps were dissected in 36 embalmed cadaver upper limbs. Long head received one branch from radial nerve in 31 (86%) specimens. Four (11%) specimens received two branches including one that had dual innervation from the radial and axillary nerves, and one (3%) specimen had exclusive innervation from a branch of the axillary nerve. Medial head received two branches arising from the radial nerve in 34 (94%) specimens. One (3%) specimen received three branches from the radial nerve whereas one (3%) had dual supply from the radial and ulnar nerves. Lateral head received multiple branches exclusively from the radial nerve, ranging from 2 to 5, in all (100%) specimens. Knowledge of the variations in innervation of the triceps would not only help the surgeon to avoid inadvertent injury to any of the nerve branches but also offers new options for nerve and free functional muscle transfers.
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Mattson, Erin E., and Christopher D. Marshall. "Follicle Microstructure and Innervation Vary between Pinniped Micro- and Macrovibrissae." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 88, no. 1 (2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447551.

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Histological data from terrestrial, semiaquatic, and fully aquatic mammal vibrissa (whisker) studies indicate that follicle microstructure and innervation vary across the mystacial vibrissal array (i.e. medial microvibrissae to lateral macrovibrissae). However, comparative data are lacking, and current histological studies on pinniped vibrissae only focus on the largest ventrolateral vibrissae. Consequently, we investigated the microstructure, medial-to-lateral innervation, and morphometric trends in harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes (F-SCs). The F-SCs were sectioned either longitudinally or in cross-section and stained with a modified Masson's trichrome stain (microstructure) or Bodian's silver stain (innervation). All F-SCs exhibited a tripartite blood organization system. The dermal capsule thickness, the distribution of major branches of the deep vibrissal nerve, and the hair shaft design were more symmetrical in medial F-SCs, but these features became more asymmetrical as the F-SCs became more lateral. Overall, the mean axon count was 1,221 ± 422.3 axons/F-SC and mean axon counts by column ranged from 550 ± 97.4 axons/F-SC (medially, column 11) to 1,632 ± 173.2 axons/F-SC (laterally, column 2). These values indicate a total of 117,216 axons innervating the entire mystacial vibrissal array. The mean axon count of lateral F-SCs was 1,533 ± 192.9 axons/ F-SC, which is similar to values reported in the literature for other pinniped F-SCs. Our data suggest that conventional studies that only examine the largest ventrolateral vibrissae may overestimate the total innervation by ∼20%. However, our study also accounts for variation in quantification methods and shows that conventional analyses likely only overestimate innervation by ∼10%. The relationship between axon count and cross-sectional F-SC surface area was nonlinear, and axon densities were consistent across the snout. Our data indicate that harp seals exhibit microstructural and innervational differences between their microvibrissae (columns 8-11) and macrovibrissae (columns 1-7). We hypothesize that this feature is conserved among pinnipeds and may result in functional compartmentalization within their mystacial vibrissal arrays.
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Si, Xiaohong, Mridha Md Zakir, and J. David Dickman. "Afferent Innervation of the Utricular Macula in Pigeons." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 1660–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00690.2002.

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Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was used to retrogradely label afferents innervating the utricular macula in adult pigeons. The pigeon utriclar macula consists of a large rectangular-shaped neuroepithelium with a dorsally curved anterior edge and an extended medioposterior tail. The macula could be demarcated into several regions based on cytoarchitectural differences. The striola occupied 30% of the macula and contained a large density of type I hair cells with fewer type II hair cells. Medial and lateral extrastriola zones were located outside the striola and contained only type II hair cells. A six- to eight-cell-wide band of type II hair cells existed near the center of the striola. The reversal line marked by the morphological polarization of hair cells coursed throughout the epithelium, near the peripheral margin, and through the center of the type II band. Calyx afferents innervated type I hair cells with calyceal terminals that contained between 2 and 15 receptor cells. Calyx afferents were located only in the striola region, exclusive of the type II band, had small total fiber innervation areas and low innervation densities. Dimorph afferents innervated both type I and type II hair cells with calyceal and bouton terminals and were primarily located in the striola region. Dimorph afferents had smaller calyceal terminals with few type I hair cells, extended fiber branches with bouton terminals and larger innervation areas. Bouton afferents innervated only type II hair cells in the extrastriola and type II band regions. Bouton afferents innervating the type II band had smaller terminal fields with fewer bouton terminals and smaller innervation areas than fibers located in the extrastriolar zones. Bouton afferents had the most bouton terminals on the longest fibers, the largest innervation areas with the highest innervation densities of all afferents. Among all afferents, smaller terminal innervation fields were observed in the striola and large fields were located in the extrastriola. The cellular organization and innervation patterns of the utricular maculae in birds appear to represent an organ in adaptive evolution, different from that observed for amphibians or mammals.
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Leibovich, Hodaya, Nahum Buzaglo, Shlomo Tsuriel, Liat Peretz, Yaki Caspi, Ben Katz, Shaya Lev, David Lichtstein, and Alexander M. Binshtok. "Abnormal Reinnervation of Denervated Areas Following Nerve Injury Facilitates Neuropathic Pain." Cells 9, no. 4 (April 18, 2020): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9041007.

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An injury to peripheral nerves leads to skin denervation, which often is followed by increased pain sensitivity of the denervated areas and the development of neuropathic pain. Changes in innervation patterns during the reinnervation process of the denervated skin could contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. Here, we examined the changes in the innervation pattern during reinnervation and correlated them with the symptoms of neuropathic pain. Using a multispectral labeling technique—PainBow, which we developed, we characterized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating distinct areas of the rats’ paw. We then used spared nerve injury, causing partial denervation of the paw, and examined the changes in innervation patterns of the denervated areas during the development of allodynia and hyperalgesia. We found that, differently from normal conditions, during the development of neuropathic pain, these areas were mainly innervated by large, non-nociceptive neurons. Moreover, we found that the development of neuropathic pain is correlated with an overall decrease in the number of DRG neurons innervating these areas. Importantly, treatment with ouabain facilitated reinnervation and alleviated neuropathic pain. Our results suggest that local changes in peripheral innervation following denervation contribute to neuropathic pain development. The reversal of these changes decreases neuropathic pain.
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Barajas, Luciano, Li Liu, and Kenneth Powers. "Anatomy of the renal innervation: intrarenal aspects and ganglia of origin." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-098.

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The intrinsic innervation of the kidney is described based on studies using ultrastructural, fluorescent, immunocytochemical, and autoradiographic techniques. The efferent sympathetic innervation reaches all the segments of the renal vasculature and to a much lesser extent the tubular nephron. The afferent renal nerves are localized predominantly in the pelvic region, the major vessels, and the corticomedulary connective tissue. The pathways of the renal innervation to the corresponding ganglia, as reported from observations resulting from the combination of axonal transport labeling and immunocytochemical methods, are presented. In the rat the ganglia of origin of the sympathetic efferent innervation include T13–L1 ipsilateral and contralateral paravertebral ganglia and the prevertebral superior mesenteric and celiac ganglia. The sensory afferent innervation presents a different segmental distribution of the dorsal root ganglia for the right and left kidney. For the left kidney, the corresponding ganglia extend from T8 to L2 with the greatest numbers in T12 and T13. For the right kidney, ganglia as high as T6 and as low as L2 harbor neurons innervating the kidney. Current knowledge of the anatomical bases of the function of the renal nerves is discussed.Key words: autoradiography, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, axonal transport labeling.
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Giordano, Antonio, C. Kay Song, Robert R. Bowers, J. Christopher Ehlen, Andrea Frontini, Saverio Cinti, and Timothy J. Bartness. "White adipose tissue lacks significant vagal innervation and immunohistochemical evidence of parasympathetic innervation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 5 (November 2006): R1243—R1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00679.2005.

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Converging evidence indicates that white adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) based on immunohistochemical labeling of a SNS marker (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH]), tract tracing of WAT sympathetic postganglionic innervation, pseudorabies virus (PRV) transneuronal labeling of WAT SNS outflow neurons, and functional evidence from denervation studies. Recently, WAT para-SNS (PSNS) innervation was suggested because local surgical WAT sympathectomy (sparing hypothesized parasympathetic innervation) followed by PRV injection yielded infected cells in the vagal dorsomotor nucleus (DMV), a traditionally-recognized PSNS brain stem site. In addition, local surgical PSNS WAT denervation triggered WAT catabolic responses. We tested histologically whether WAT was parasympathetically innervated by searching for PSNS markers in rat, and normal (C57BL) and obese ( ob/ob) mouse WAT. Vesicular acetylcholine transporter, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivities were absent in WAT pads (retroperitoneal, epididymal, inguinal subcutaneous) from all animals. Nearly all nerves innervating WAT vasculature and parenchyma that were labeled with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5; pan-nerve marker) also contained TH, attesting to pervasive SNS innervation. When Siberian hamster inguinal WAT was sympathetically denervated via local injections of catecholaminergic toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (sparing putative parasympathetic nerves), subsequent PRV injection resulted in no central nervous system (CNS) or sympathetic chain infections suggesting no PSNS innervation. By contrast, vehicle-injected WAT subsequently inoculated with PRV had typical CNS/sympathetic chain viral infection patterns. Collectively, these data indicate no parasympathetic nerve markers in WAT of several species, with sparse DMV innervation and question the claim of PSNS WAT innervation as well as its functional significance.
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Shi, Haifei, C. Kay Song, Antonio Giordano, Saverio Cinti, and Timothy J. Bartness. "Sensory or sympathetic white adipose tissue denervation differentially affects depot growth and cellularity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 4 (April 2005): R1028—R1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00648.2004.

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Functional and histological evidence for the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) exists for several species; however, its sensory innervation has only been shown in laboratory rats, and its function is unclear. We tested the effects of sensory and SNS innervation of Siberian hamster epididymal and inguinal WAT (EWAT and IWAT) by assessing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity (ir), respectively. Next, we tested the role of the sensory innervation of WAT on growth and cellularity because WAT surgical denervation increases pad mass via selective increases in fat cell number, an effect ascribed to SNS denervation but that could be due to the accompanying surgical disruption of WAT sensory innervation. Sensory denervation was accomplished via multiple local microinjections of capsaicin into WAT, and its effects were compared with those of surgical denervation. Surgically denervated IWAT and EWAT showed significantly decreased tyrosine hydroxylase-ir and CGRP-ir, whereas capsaicin-treated WAT had only significantly decreased CGRP-ir. Surgically denervated pad masses were significantly increased; this was accompanied by increased total fat cell number in IWAT, with no change in fat cell size. EWAT only showed a significant increase in the number of small- to medium-sized adipocytes (75–125 μm diameter). By contrast, sensory-denervated pad masses were unchanged, but IWAT showed significantly increased average fat cell size. Collectively, these data provide immunohistochemical evidence for sensory and SNS innervation of WAT in Siberian hamsters and differential control of WAT cellularity by these innervations, as well as the ability of locally applied capsaicin to selectively reduce WAT sensory innervation.
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Marko, Stephen B., and Deborah H. Damon. "VEGF promotes vascular sympathetic innervation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 6 (June 2008): H2646—H2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00291.2008.

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The sympathetic nervous system, via postganglionic innervation of blood vessels and the heart, is an important determinant of cardiovascular function. The mechanisms underlying sympathetic innervation of targets are not fully understood. This study tests the hypothesis that target-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes sympathetic innervation of blood vessels. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses indicate that VEGF is produced by vascular cells in arteries and that VEGF receptors are expressed on sympathetic nerve fibers innervating arteries. In vitro, exogenously added VEGF and VEGF produced by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in sympathetic neurovascular cocultures inhibited semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-induced collapse of sympathetic growth cones. In the absence of Sema3A, VEGF and VSMCs also increased growth cone area. These effects were mediated via VEGF receptor 1. In vivo, the neutralization of VEGF inhibited the reinnervation of denervated femoral arteries. These data demonstrate that target-derived VEGF plays a previously unrecognized role in promoting the growth of sympathetic axons.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Innervation"

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Schenk, Eveline Susanne. "Innervation des Cervidenhodens." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-20514.

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Atoyan, A. G. "Innervation of lymph nodes." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/53934.

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Introduction. This work is devoted to an innervation of lymph nodes of a free top extremity of the person. We studied an innervation of humeral, elbow lymph nodes and lymph nodes of a forearm. Work purpose. To investigate an innervation of lymph nodes of a free top extremity of fruits, newborns and children of early age.
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Hilliges, Marita. "Studies on nerve terminations in human mucosa and skin /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2649-2.

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Danigo, Aurore. "Innervation cutanée et neuropathies périphériques." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0037.

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L’existence de douleurs neuropathiques et/ou de perte de la sensibilité douloureuse sont souvent le reflet d’une neuropathie sensitive affectant plus particulièrement les fibres nerveuses sensitives amyélinique Aδ et C, dites neuropathie des petites fibres (NPF). Ces fibres innervent, notamment, le derme et l’épiderme de la peau. Elles communiquent la sensibilité thermique et algique au système nerveux central et contribuent à l’homéostasie cutanée, entre autres, par la libération de neuropeptides en périphérie. De nombreuses pathologies sont associées à une altération de ces petites fibres dans la peau. Deux pathologies impliquant une NPF ont été étudiées au cours de ce travail : les escarres et la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A. Un travail expérimental a été réalisé chez la souris pour répondre à la question suivante ; est-ce qu’une seule atteinte des fibres nociceptives, responsables de la perte de sensibilité peut entraîner un déséquilibre de l’homéostasie cutanée, responsable de l’apparition des escarres ? La mise en place d’un modèle de neuropathie sensitive fonctionnelle réversible a permis de mettre en en évidence l’implication des neuropeptides, substance P (SP) et « calcitonin gene-related peptide » (CGRP), libérés par les fibres nerveuses cutanées, dans la formation d’ulcères de pression. Un traitement préventif à la rhEPO (Recombinant Human Erythropoietin) dans ce modèle associant une neuropathie et des plaies de pression, protège la peau contre une pression ischémiante induisant une escarre par son effet neuroprotecteur sur les petites fibres cutanées. L’association CMT1A et NPF a été étudiée à partir de biopsies cutanées humaines. La quantification des fibres intraépidermiques révèle que 48% des patients CMT1A sont atteints d’une NPF. L’analyse des biopsies cutanées révèle également une altération du nombre et de la morphologie de cellules de Langerhans dans la maladie de CMT1A. L'ensemble de ces résultats confirme l'intérêt de l'étude des petites fibres dans des pathologies variées et confirme le potentiel thérapeutique neuroprotecteur de l'EPO
The neuropathic pain and/or hypoalgesia often reflect a sensory neuropathy that affects particularly sensory, Aδ (thinly myelinated) and C (unmyelinated) nerve fibers. This kind of neuropathy is named "small fiber neuropathy" (SFN). These small fibers innervate the dermis and epidermis. C and Aδ free nerve endings respond to a variable range of stimuli including mechanical, thermal and pain stimuli. They conduct nociceptive signals to central nervous system and contribute to skin homeostasis, among others, by the release of neuropeptides in the periphery. Many diseases are associated with an alteration of these cutaneous small fibers. Two pathologies involving SFN were studied in this work: pressure ulcers and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A (CMT1A). Experimental studies on mice were performed to determine if impairment of nociceptive fibers could lead to an imbalance of skin homeostasis and could be involved in development of pressure ulcers, apart from its role in pain signal transduction. A functional reversible sensory neuropathy mouse model was set up and helped to demonstrate the involvement of the neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and "calcitonin gene-related peptide" (CGRP), released by cutaneous nerve fibers in the formation of pressure ulcers. By its neuroprotective effect on small nerve fibers, a preventive rhEPO (Recombinant Human Erythropoietin) treatment in this model protects the skin against an ischemic pressure-induced Stage 2 ulcer. The CMT1A and SFN association has been studied from human skin biopsies. Quantification of intraepidermal nerve fibers reveals that 48% of CMT1A patients have a SFN. The analysis of skin biopsies also revealed an alteration in the number and morphology of Langerhans cells in CMT1A disease. All these results confirm the interest of the study of small fibers in various pathologies and confirm the neuroprotective therapeutic potential of EPO
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Hollywood, Mark Anthony. "Innervation of sheep mesenteric lymphatics." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241384.

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Benns, L. M. "Meningeal innervation in the rat." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376821.

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Sulaiman, Sara. "Cutaneous innervation of the hand." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ea22ed44-d1f2-4e64-800d-ff0c46bed825.

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With the increase of hand pathologies in the last decade, the need to better understand the anatomy of the hand is becoming more vital. The cutaneous innervation of the hand is classically described to be supplied by palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCBMN), common digital nerves (CDNs), ulnar nerve (UN), palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN), superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and occasionally the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN). Although the sensory distribution of the hand has been described in the literature, reports have often shown contradicting views and occasionally different or incomplete descriptions. Furthermore, clinical procedures in the hand and wrist can result in painful and/or disabling postoperative complications. This thesis outlines, categorizes and describes the distribution and branching patterns of cutaneous branches supplying the palmar and dorsal surface of the hand and their relationship to the distal area of the forearm and wrist. It also investigates the palmar and dorsal communicating branches, their patterns and common locations. Moreover, the project discusses the impact of the distribution and branching patterns of the cutaneous nerves on surgical and diagnostic procedures performed in the hand, wrist and distal forearm. 160 cadaveric hands were dissected in the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification (CAHID), University of Dundee. All cadavers were musculoskeletally mature adults with mean age of 82.5±9.4 (range: 53-101) years. Skin was removed from the distal half of the forearm to the metacarpophalangeal joints. Nerves under investigation were identified, dissected, and traced. Sketches, photographs, and measurements to predefined landmarks including the wrist crease (WC), bistyloid line (BSL) and the third metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint were taken and results expressed as means, standard deviations and ranges. Patterns are classified and expressed with frequencies. The PCBMN was found to originate from the main trunk of the median nerve (MN) 54.1±15.7 mm proximal to the WC and course distally between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus (if present) to innervate the proximal palmar surface of the hand by branching into one of three types identified. Furthermore, two PCBMN were found in 8.9% of cases. The second, third, fourth CDNs were found to divide into proper digital nerves at a point located distal to the 70% of the distance between the third MCP joint and the BSL in 88% of cases. The cutaneous innervation of the palm was found to be relatively constant with the lateral 3½ digits being supplied by the MN and the medial 1½ being supplied by the UN. A palmar CB was found between the third CDN-MN and fourth CDN-UN in 86.9% of the cases coursing in different patterns and changing the palmar sensory innervation of that previously described. The sensory innervation of the dorsum of the hand was variable. The most common pattern was being supplied by the SBRN innervating the lateral dorsal skin and the skin covering the lateral 2½ digits and the DBUN innervating the medial dorsal skin and the skin covering the medial 1½ digits found in 37.3%. All radial supply to the dorsum of the hand with the absence of the DBUN was found in 6.7%. The SBRN connected with the LABCN in 30.7% and with the DBUN in 26.4% complicating the sensory innervation in the dorsum of the hand. Understanding the cutaneous innervation of the hand, appreciation of the possible variations and presence of communicating branches will result in a better evaluation of signs and symptoms, establishing a proper therapeutic plan, avoiding iatrogenic injuries during surgical interventions, and properly diagnose postoperative complications leading to an increased quality of medical service and patient satisfaction.
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Suuronen, Erik. "Innervation in tissue engineered corneal equivalents." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29173.

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A sensory nerve supply is crucial for optimal function of the cornea. However, the mechanisms for successful innervation and the signalling pathways between nerves and their target tissue are not fully understood. Engineered tissue substitutes can provide controllable environments in which to study tissue innervation. I have therefore engineered human corneal substitutes that promote nerve in-growth in a pattern similar to in vivo re-innervation. The methodology developed for the fabrication of such an innervated model cornea and for subsequent investigation of the function of these nerves is discussed in this thesis. Briefly, nerve in-growth into the tissue-engineered cornea is enhanced by the addition of laminin and nerve growth factor, but not retinoic acid. I demonstrated that these nerves are morphologically equivalent to natural corneal nerves and make appropriate contact with their target cells, which consequently, were found to be required for their survival. The nerves had functional sodium channels and generated action potentials similar to those of native nerve endings. I also demonstrated that the nerves could respond appropriately to chemical and physical stimuli and play an important role in the overall functioning of the bioengineered tissue. The presence of nerves conferred some protection to the epithelium from chemical insult and differential retention of sodium was observed within the nerve fibres themselves. As such, this model could be further developed for use as an in vitro alternative to animals for safety and efficacy testing of chemicals and drugs. Based on the concepts developed for these in vitro innervated corneas, hybrid biosynthetic matrices with the proper dimensions, transparency and biomechanical properties for use as corneal replacements in transplantation were also developed. These matrices were successfully implanted into corneas of pigs. Regeneration of corneal tissue and nerves was observed, along with restoration of sensory function. The basic model developed therefore can be used for studying corneal wound healing, nerve-corneal cell interactions and provides a basis for developing corneal replacements for transplantation.
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Ribchester, Richard R. "Development and plasticity of neuromuscular innervation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29963.

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The thesis presents contributions to the field of neuromuscular synaptic plasticity. Synaptic remodelling brings about changes in convergence and divergence in many different parts of the nervous system during development.  Neuromuscular junctions have proved to be accessible synapses in which to describe and explain the mechanisms. During development, muscle fibres initially receive convergent, polyneuronal innervation (π) by axons arising from different motor neurones. The characteristic mononeuronal innervation (µ) pattern of adult muscle is achieved by synapse elimination, a process of weakening of synaptic strength followed by withdrawal of synaptic boutons, until all but one of the motor neuron inputs to an endplate is lost. Similar hyperinnervation and elimination occur in adult muscle after nerve injury, collateral sprouting and regeneration. These processes are strongly influenced by activity, apparently in accordance with Hebbian rules of synaptic plasticity. But how decisive is activity in ultimately determining the pattern of neuromuscular connectivity? The amount of sprouting is increased and the rate of synapse elimination is decreased when muscle activity is blocked. Sprouts regress and synapse elimination resumes when muscles are stimulated, or once normal activity is restored. Selectively blocking or restoring activity in some motor neurones but not others supplying a π-junction gives a competitive advantage to the more active neuromuscular synapses. However, activity is not sufficient to effect synapse elimination because many muscle fibres retain π-junctions after activity resumes following a period of paralysis. Nor is activity strictly necessary, because – paradoxically – synapse elimination continues at some motor endplates even when muscles are completely paralysed. Competition for neurotrophic factors may play an important role in determining the outcome of synapse elimination, but factors intrinsic to the motor neurone, perhaps involving the selective trafficking of maintenance factors along specific axon collaterals, appear to be important also. In each motor neurone, synapses are eliminated or strengthened asynchronously.
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Kornilova, I. P. "Innervation of skin of buttock area." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55323.

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Introduction. The innervation of skin of buttock area in literature is lit so far not enough. Data of educational literature and big neurologic grants come down to short transfer of nerves with the instruction in drawings of an approximate zone of their distribution. Work purpose. To investigate an innervation of skin of buttock area.
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Books on the topic "Innervation"

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Dilsizian, Vasken, and Jagat Narula, eds. Atlas of Cardiac Innervation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45800-7.

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Slart, Riemer H. J. A., René A. Tio, Philip H. Elsinga, and Markus Schwaiger, eds. Autonomic Innervation of the Heart. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45074-1.

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Neuhuber, W. L., ed. Innervation of the Mammalian Esophagus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32948-0.

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Barbero, Marco, Roberto Merletti, and Alberto Rainoldi. Atlas of Muscle Innervation Zones. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2463-2.

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Costa, Marcello, and Simon Brookes. Innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003.

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6

Geoffrey, Burnstock, and Griffith Susan G, eds. Nonadrenergic innervation of blood vessels. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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L, Gibbins Ian, and Morris Judy L, eds. Autonomic innervation of the skin. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 1997.

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Geoffrey, Burnstock, and Griffith Susan G. 1957-, eds. Nonadrenergic innervation of blood vessels. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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Brisse, B., and F. Bender, eds. Autonome Innervation des Herzens Myokardiale Hypoxie. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72388-9.

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Yvette, Taché, Wingate David L, Burks Thomas E, and International Symposia on Brain-Gut Interactions (2nd : 1992 : Queens' College, University of Cambridge), eds. Innervation of the gut: Pathophysiological implications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Innervation"

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Schwaiger, Markus, Antti Saraste, and Frank M. Bengel. "Myocardial Innervation." In Atlas of Nuclear Cardiology, 401–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5551-6_11.

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Ackermann, Paul W., Paul Salo, and David A. Hart. "Tendon Innervation." In Metabolic Influences on Risk for Tendon Disorders, 35–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_4.

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Grundy, David. "Extrinsic innervation." In Gastrointestinal Motility, 35–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9355-2_3.

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Schwaiger, Markus, Arnold F. Jacobson, Antti Saraste, Jagat Narula, and Frank M. Bengel. "Myocardial Innervation." In Atlas of Nuclear Cardiology, 431–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49885-6_11.

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Schwaiger, Markus. "Myocardial Innervation." In Atlas of Nuclear Cardiology, 183–96. London: Current Medicine Group, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6496-6_11.

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Covey-Crump, Gwen. "Cutaneous Innervation Index." In Handbook of Small Animal Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia Techniques, 13–19. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119159490.ch2.

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Flotats, Albert, and Ignasi Carrió. "Imaging Cardiac Innervation." In The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging, 375–85. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-421-8_19.

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Fried, Kaj, and Jennifer Lynn Gibbs. "Dental Pulp Innervation." In The Dental Pulp, 75–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55160-4_6.

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Schleip, Robert. "Innervation of Fascia." In Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 61–69. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429203350-5.

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Chen, Wengen, and Vasken Dilsizian. "Anatomy and Molecular Basis of Autonomic Innervation of the Heart." In Atlas of Cardiac Innervation, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45800-7_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Innervation"

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Straub, RH. "SP0115 Neurotransmitters and innervation in synovium." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.1256.

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Aven, Linh, Kelsi Radzikinas, Kavon Kaboli, William Cruikshank, and Xingbin Ai. "Innervation Defects As A Mechanism Of Neonatal Asthma." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1402.

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Moriggl, B. "ESRA19-0712 Clavicle innervation and implications for regional anaesthesia." In Abstracts of the European Society of Regional Anesthesia, September 11–14, 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2019-esraabs2019.56.

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Conlon, Steven. "Teratogenic Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Cardiac Innervation." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.368-a.

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Kiese, Constanze, Hans-Peter Landgraf, Anna-Lena Danzer, Benedikt Schickling, Anna Nicolau-Torra, Torsten Reitmeier, Wilhelm Schulter-Mattler, Dietrich von Schweinitz, and Herrmann Ketterl. "Intuitive Visualization of Innervation Zones Based on Surface-EMG Signals." In 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513265.

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Metcalfe, B., N. Granger, J. Prager, L. Jabban, J. Taylor, S. Sadrafshari, and N. Donaldson. "Urinary Bladder Innervation within the Sacral Roots of a Sheep." In 2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441117.

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Zhang, C., Y. Peng, S. Li, P. Zhou, A. Munoz, D. Tang, and Y. Zhang. "Spatial characterization of innervation zones under electrically elicited M-wave." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590655.

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Heiser, C., and B. Hofauer. "Kreuz-Innervation des Nervus hypoglossus bei Patienten mit oberer Atemwegstimulation." In Abstract- und Posterband – 89. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Forschung heute – Zukunft morgen. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1640965.

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Krivova, Yuliya, Dmitriy Otlyga, Gleb Sonin, and Alexandra Proshchina. "DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOCRINE PANCREAS INNERVATION IN THE PRENATAL HUMAN ONTOGENESIS." In XVIII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2807.sudak.ns2022-18/190-191.

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Finger, Thomas, and Brigit High. "Absence of P2X2 purinergic receptors in human taste bud innervation." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2575.

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Reports on the topic "Innervation"

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Hu, Jicun, Rostyslav Boutchko, Arkadiusz Sitek, BryanW Reutter, Ronald H. Huesman, and Grant T. Gullberg. Dynamic molecular imaging of cardiac innervation using a dual headpinhole SPECT system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/928712.

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