Relevant bibliographies by topics / Inner city problems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Inner city problems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Inner city problems"

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Holloway, Frank. "Day Care in an Inner City." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 6 (June 1991): 810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.6.810.

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Seven units providing psychiatric day care to residents of an inner-city area were surveyed. The extent to which the clinical and special problems of attenders were adequately managed by the services was measured using a ‘needs-assessment’ technique. Units differed in the proportion of clinical and social problems that were rated as ‘unmet needs', although the extent of ‘unmet need’ was not clearly related to the morbidity of attenders at a unit or the available staffing.
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Fafard, Mary-Beth. "Preventing Discipline Problems in Inner-City Special Education Programs." TEACHING Exceptional Children 19, no. 4 (July 1987): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004005998701900408.

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Lavin, Marilyn. "Problems and opportunities of retailing in the US “Inner City”." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 7, no. 1 (January 2000): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-6989(99)00017-x.

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Clapp, John D. "Organizing Inner City Neighborhoods to Reduce Alcohol and Drug Problems." Journal of Community Practice 2, no. 1 (July 11, 1995): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j125v02n01_03.

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Burnette, Denise. "Grandparents Raising Grandchildren in the Inner City." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 78, no. 5 (October 1997): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.818.

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Increasingly, middle-aged and older adults are parenting grandchildren and other young kin in ‘skipped generation’ families. Changes in the multigenerational family structure, devastating social problems in our inner cities, notably the substance-abuse and HIV/AIDS epidemics of the 1980s, and public policy and ethnocultural norms that govern kin care are discussed as contributing factors to this phenomenon. Recent studies focusing on grandparent caregivers of color, as well as policy and programmatic responses to the rapid growth of this family configuration, are discussed. The author offers recommendations for assessing and building on existing strengths and addressing the service needs of grandparent caregivers and their families through direct practice and public policy.
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Vaillant, George E., and Robin J. Western. "Healthy Aging Among Inner-City Men." International Psychogeriatrics 13, no. 4 (December 2001): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610201007840.

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Objective: Until now, prospective studies of aging have begun with 50- to 60-year olds, not adolescents. Premature deaths, childhood variables, and alcohol abuse have been often ignored. So has positive aging. As people live longer, gerontology needs to understand the determinants of health as well as illness in the later years. Method: The present study follows a cohort of adolescent boys (332 inner-city youths) for 60 years or until death. Complete physical exams were obtained every 5 years and psychosocial data every 2 years. Predictor variables assessed prior to age 50 include six variables reflecting uncontrollable factors—parental social class, environmental strengths, number of family problems, major depression, ancestral longevity, and premorbid physical health at age 50—and six variables reflecting (at least some) personal control: alcohol abuse, smoking, marital stability, body mass index, coping mechanisms, and education. The four outcome variables chosen to assess healthy aging at 70 reflected both “mind” and “body”. They included objectively assessed variables (death and/or disability prior to 70, and objectives mental health) and two subjectively assessed variables (perceived instrumental activities of daily living and life enjoyment). Results: Multivariate analysis suggested that positive aging at 70 could be predicted by variables assessed prior to age 50. More hopeful still, if the six variables under some personal control were controlled, depression was the only uncontrollable variable that affected the quality of subjective and objective aging. Conclusions: First, we may have greater personal control over our biopsychosocial health after retirement than previously recognized. Second, in this cohort, psychiatric rather than sociological predictors appeared more important.
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Apter, Andrea J. "Problems encountered in improving care for inner-city children with asthma." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 86, no. 2 (February 2001): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62682-8.

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Hirst, J. F., M. R. Baggaley, and J. P. Watson. "A four-year survey of an inner-city psychosexual problems clinic." Sexual and Marital Therapy 11, no. 1 (February 1996): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02674659608404281.

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Miniutti, Ann M. "Language Deficiencies in Inner-City Children With Learning and Behavioral Problems." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 22, no. 2 (April 1991): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2202.31.

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The language skills of 27 learning disabled (LD), 27 behaviorally disordered (BD), and 26 normal achieving (NA) 6- to 9-year-old children were compared on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised (CELF-R). A series of ANOVA procedures for the CELF-R standard scores revealed significant differences between the NA group and both special education groups on all subtests, clusters, and the total language score, but no significant differences were found between the LD and BD groups. The behavioral deviancy of a language-deficient special education subgroup, a language-competent special education subgroup, and the NA group was compared on the Behavioral Evaluation Scale (BES). Analysis of variance for the BES total standard scores showed significantly higher behavioral deviancy for the language-deficient subgroup than the NA group, but no significant difference between the language-competent subgroup and the NA group.
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Gerdes, Karen E., and Rose Ann Benson. "Problems of Inner-City Schoolchildren: Needs Assessment by Nominal Group Process." Children & Schools 17, no. 3 (July 1995): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cs/17.3.139.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inner city problems"

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Ross, Gena L. "Kansas City, Missouri, Inner City Schools' Parent Involvement Policy, Practices, and Accreditation Problems." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4754.

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In 2012, the Missouri Board of Education took away Kansas City Public Schools (KCPS) accreditation status. For over 40 years, KCPS has struggled with poor academic achievement, decreased enrollment and budget, and numerous leadership turnovers. Although KCPS regained provisional accreditation in 2014 and earned enough points on the annual performance report for consideration to become a fully accredited school system, state education officials first want to ensure that the district can sustain its new performance level before granting full accreditation. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to explore parents' perceptions about how the KCPS' parent involvement policy and practices can be improved to better engage parents in their children's education and assist the school district in regaining and sustaining its full accreditation. Putnam's social capital theory served as the theoretical foundation of this study. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with a snowball sample of 21 parents, 7 from each school. Data were analyzed through Braun and Clarke's 6 phases of thematic analysis. Findings indicated the need for school personnel to be more welcoming to visiting parents, creating afterhours activities for working parents, increasing points of contact between parents and school personnel, teachers investing more time and effort in students, and school personnel making more efforts to keep parents informed. The implications for positive social change are directed at KCPS policymakers, school district leaders, teachers, and staff members as findings can be used to develop and improve policies and practices geared towards improving parents' involvement, which may help KCPS to regain and sustain full accreditation.
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Reilly, Siobhan. "Addressing the health problems of the (inner city) homeless : a systematic review and a controlled trial." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2000. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5120/.

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Cottle, Simon. "Television coverage of the inner city : an examination of the professional journalist's practices and production domain and their impact upon the public portrayal of the problems and issues of the inner city." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34622.

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This thesis examines the portrayal of the problems and issues of the inner city by an Independent Television Company across its factual programming over an eight year period from 1982 to 1989. Following a critical review of existing mass communications' literature an intermediate level of analysis and theorisation is secured which, recognising the explanatory contributions won by competing approaches, nonetheless identifies a significant theoretical lacuna in their midst. This concerns the deliberate pursuit of established programme forms by professional journalists and programme makers and which are reproduced as a 'known result*. The portrayal of the inner city is examined in terms of substantive content, access, forum and means of communication at both 'reading' and 'production' stages of empirical analysis. Essentially the study attends to the interpretative 'resources and accounts' found within this inner city portrayal and placed within the public domain as well as the characteristic, and impacting properties of the medium'. Following an extensive 'reading', including an examination of the characteristic forms, subject interests and relational appeals of established programmes genres, as well as substantive inner city news and riot coverage across different factual programmes and employing a variety of quantitative and qualitative reading methods, the study turns to an examination of professional practices within the production and institutional domains. Participant observation, semi~structured interviews and a number of in-depth case studies are used to complement the findings elicited at the 'reading' stage. Professional practices are examined to the extent that they enact and reproduce on a daily basis established interests and properties of the regional news programme. Finally the thesis situates the analysis within the wider and changing institutional context already found to impact upon the limited and characteristic forms of inner city portrayal.
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Doyle, Jennifer Lee. "Music Teacher Perceptions of Issues and Problems in Urban Elementary Schools." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/185.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of music teachers in urban elementary schools. Title-I public elementary schools (N = 135) in Miami-Dade County were surveyed for demographic information, and fifty-six of the music teachers from those schools participated in the survey designed for this study. The survey was intended to accumulate data regarding the independent variables of student demographics, teacher demographics, student/teacher demographic differences, teacher training, and teacher support; the dependent variables examined were teacher attitudes about urban elementary music teaching and teacher expectations of their urban elementary music students. Results demonstrated that demographic factors were correlated, and most of the teachers mismatched demographically with their students. Professional support and the percentage of students receiving free or reduced lunch correlated with attitudes. The variables did not correlate with expectations, but because of a strong correlation with attitudes, expectations may have been indirectly affected by support and the percentage of students receiving free/reduced lunch. Support was the single predictor for attitudes, and when computed as an independent variable, attitudes were the sole predictor for expectations. No significant main effects or interactions between the variables were found.
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Sundin, Mats. "Bra läge men dåligt rykte : En jämförande historisk studie av tre stadsdelar i Borås, Eskilstuna och Gävle." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Institute for Housing and Urban Research, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8359.

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Centrally located problem areas of today, with suburban-like modernist architecture, are an anomaly in Sweden. The purpose of the present study is to investigate this Swedish anomaly by comparing three such city sections – Norrby in Borås, Nyfors in Eskilstuna and Öster in Gävle – and to try to answer the question: what type of case is this? To answer this question, a theoretical perspective distinguishing habitation, population and images is developed using concepts from Bourdieu, Elias and Scotson, Goffman, Lefebvre and Østerberg. Methodologically, this is a detailed comparative case study of the history of these three city sections in three or four phases, from before to after their thorough urban renewal in the 1960s. Once, these habitations developed in concert with their city into a working-class area, just beside the city centre, but beyond the railway station. After WWII, they became subjects of renewal, thus afflicted by a slum process that preceded demolition. The new habitation was planned for housing a working-class population. Suburban-like in shape, it was nevertheless part of an inner-city renewal. The new habitation became a target for critique already during the renewal process, a critique that was cast in the same terms as the critique of the suburbs of the time: Images of poor and troublesome outdoor milieus, social problems of different kinds, empty apartments, high turn over, immigrants and refugees were produced, in the media but also by the inhabitants and their organizations, giving the city section a bad reputation. This was to last until the present. Yet with new investment in attractive housing in adjacent brown field areas, these areas have once again become the subject of renewal. Consequently, these areas can be identified as a case of a good location with a bad reputation, emerging from the inner-city renewal of a former working-class habitation.

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Boyd, Richard Harold. "The death of the inner city: the contemporary American city and the problem of space." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23734.

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Cirik, Umut. "A Design Problem Of Under-utilized Spaces: The Case Of Ankara-old Industrial District." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605965/index.pdf.

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The problem of under-utilized spaces has become an important problem of cities during the last decades. In rapidly urbanizing cities, especially in the city centers where the early city settlement or old town was situated, many urban and industrial functions have moved out leaving behind abandoned or under-utilized. These spaces, due to political, economical, cultural and spatial reasons, could neither undergo healthy urban transformation process nor be reused. Such spaces pose problems to contemporary urban planning and architecture. This thesis takes up the problem of under-utilized space exemplified in the inner city of Ankara, where a large stock of land is public property. The thesis defines the problem of under-utilized space and analyzes the causes for their emergence. The aim of the study is to understand the urban character of under-utilized part of the old industrial district, which is one of the most important districts in the city center of Ankara, and develop urban transformation approaches in particular for the old industrial district as well as for similar urban areas. The thesis focuses on the urban design dimension of transformation process. Urban design as a public policy makes important contributions in solving urban problems. The thesis develops some urban design principles in accordance with some spatial, functional and social concerns in order to redevelop the old industrial district. With this contribution the study emphasizes the importance of urban design as a tool which can be utilized in the urban transformation process by urban planners and architects.
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Lelkes, Ivana. "Veřejná prostranství města Brna - teoretická práce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216193.

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Master´s thesis adresses the issue of public spaces of inner city of Brno. These spaces have good prerequisities to become attractive places for everyday use or for spending a good free time. These prerequsities include for example compact city structure, well defined public spaces, walking city distances, presence of public and commercial facilities and distinctive genius loci. But public spaces in these localities often do not fulfill their own potential and stay as average free space inbetween buildings. Thesis suggests a detailed system for categorisation of squares and streets in the inner city of Brno and examines the reasons for potential non-fulfillment on these typologies, it tries to find out the problems of public spaces and how they can be solved.
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Talbot, S. "Inner city housing and the role of the church in housing development : four cases in South African cities." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2127.

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This research seeks to explore what role the church can, should and does play in the dynamics of inner city housing. Given the experience of certain overseas church groups at the successful implementation of housing initiatives this research seeks to explore what certain groups are doing in various cities to establish their ideal of the new Jerusalem. This is in keeping with the vision of Isaiah in chapter 65-66.where the church has a responsibility to transform the place of the city to a place of hope and joy and celebration .This is the motivation that drives this study to see how the church can play a role in the housing development of the inner cities of South Africa. Very little has been written on this newly emerging field for the church in South African cities. Hopefully this will motivate, empower and encourage others to follow those who are already involved in this new challenge to the South African and African inner city church. Four cities in which contact with housing related projects has been established will be used as case studies. These four cities coincidentally cover the largest proportion of urbanised South Africa namely the Johannesburg/Pretoria urban agglomeration and the Durban/Pietermaritzburg area. Apart from the aforementioned reasons, the fact that there are limited church-based inner city housing initiatives in South Africa, it was felt that these case studies could provide an initial base for research. A more detailed rationale is listed in the section on the scope of the dissertation.
Thesis (M.Housing)-University of Natal, 2002.
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Mampane, Johannes Ntshilagane. "Psychosocial problems and needs of educators infected with HIV and/or affected by HIV and AIDS in selected Johannesburg inner city schools." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4849.

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The impact of HIV and AIDS has threatened to destroy the education sector in South Africa. This qualitative study set out to investigate the psychosocial problems and needs of educators infected with HIV and/or affected by HIV and AIDS in Johannesburg Inner City schools. The study explores and describes the need to develop and implement a comprehensive and holistic treatment, care and support programme for educators infected with HIV and/or affected by HIV and AIDS. This study also reviews HIV/AIDS policies and programmes implemented by the Department of Education to indicate that these interventions are not effective in addressing the problems and needs of these educators. Therefore, the study contends that the Department of Education should revise and reformulate these HIV/AIDS policies and programmes to cater for the needs of educators infected with HIV and/or affected by HIV and AIDS. Ten educators infected with HIV and/or affected by HIV and AIDS from two selected Johannesburg Inner City schools participated in this study. Phenomenological strategies and in-depth interviews were used to capture day-to-day personal life experiences of these educators. The findings of the study reveal that there is a need for an urgent response by the Department of Education to develop and implement treatment, care and support programmes for educators infected with HIV and/or affected by HIV and AIDS.
Sociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
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Books on the topic "Inner city problems"

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Breeze, Kate. Inner-city community and mission. Birmingham, West Midlands: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Key, Addie J. Preventing alcohol/drug problems in inner-city communities: A model. Washington, D.C: U.S. Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, Office of Substance Abuse Prevention, Division of Prevention Implementation, 1988.

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Jesus loves Brixton too: [practical Christianity in the inner city]. Basingstoke: Marshall Pickering, 1986.

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Green, Laurie. God in the inner city: Christian religious experience in the urban environment. Sheffield: Urban Theology Unit, 1993.

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It can be done: The real heroes of the inner city. Cambridge: Lutterworth, 2000.

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Barnes, William L. To love a city: A congregation's long love affair with Nashville's inner city. Nashville?]: [publisher not identified], 2007.

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Operations, United States Congress House Committee on Government. Problems of urban America: Hearings before the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, January 25 and March 12, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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1930-, Maynard Edward S., ed. Healing for the city: Counseling in the urban setting. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan Pub. House, 1992.

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How to solve the inner-city gang problem. Tulsa, Okla: Origin-All Gangster Pub., 1996.

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Dackombe, S. R. Is community planning an answer to the inner city problem?. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Inner city problems"

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Cohn-Sherbok, Dan. "Judaism and the Problems of the Inner City." In Issues in Contemporary Judaism, 63–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21328-3_6.

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Fijnaut, Cyrille. "The Innovative Containment of Organized Crime Problems in Amsterdam’s Inner-City, 1996–2015." In Studies of Organized Crime, 219–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31608-6_13.

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Rydin, Yvonne. "The Inner City Problem." In The British Planning System, 320–32. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22823-2_16.

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Müller, Thaddeus. "The social construction of the stigma of an inner-city neighborhood. Conflicting perspectives of professionals and residents on social problems and gentrification." In Jahrbuch für Soziale Interaktion 1, 47–67. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10065-0_3.

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Leonenko, V. N., and Yu K. Novoselova. "Influence of External Factors on Inter-City Influenza Spread in Russia: A Modeling Approach." In Trends in Biomathematics: Modeling, Optimization and Computational Problems, 375–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91092-5_26.

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Labov, William. "12. Applying our knowledge of African American English to the problem of raising reading levels in inner-city schools." In Varieties of English Around the World, 299. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g27.19lab.

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Meyer, Susanne, and Robert Hawlik. "City Engagement in the Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe and the Role of Intermediary Organizations in R&I Policies for Urban Transition." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 291–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_19.

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AbstractThis research investigates the case of the Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) Urban Europe and its role as an intermediary organization, developing research, and innovation programs for urban transition. In the literature, the role of an intermediary organization has recently been discussed as an effective promoter and developer of connecting visions, strategies, activities, and stakeholders. A conceptual approach to intermediary organizations for urban transition is operationalized, and its functions are discussed in this paper. As an example, the Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe reveals how a transnational R&I initiative, represented by 20 national R&I programs in Europe, can provide scientific evidence for sustainable urbanization with a cross-sectoral, integrated, inter- and transdisciplinary approach implemented through activities beyond joint calls. The findings show that JPI Urban Europe acts as broker and facilitator of joint visions and starts to build communities for innovation, which is one of the important functions of intermediaries. The development of its Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda clearly followed a co-creation process, putting the dilemmas of city practitioners in the center. JPI Urban Europe managed to attract high levels of commitment from a diversity of stakeholders to its strategic priorities and mobilized respective budgets for its implementation. The analysis of JPI Urban Europe participation in funded projects shows that challenge-driven calls (putting the problem owners in the center) seems to successfully develop a common language for all stakeholders and has a higher likelihood to generate more transformative outcomes. The number of funded urban living labs in projects shows that room for experimentation in niches and their extension is provided. The number of city representatives as funded project partners could be increased to further stimulate active involvement. The JPI Urban Europe also acts as a translator and enabler for learning in the urban—as well as in the policy sphere—the third function. This can be confirmed by the number and type of organizations reached with its specific formats. JPI Urban Europe coordinates joint activities of mainly national R&I programs but has only indirect influence on change in these organizations and limited influence on changes within research organizations, businesses, or cities that are even less connected. Overall, it can be concluded that the strategic ambition of JPI Urban Europe towards transformative change is obvious, but some instruments and formats to translate the ambition into action need further refinement, and it needs further in-depth research to better understand the outcomes and impacts of its diverse activities.
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McFarland, M. Carter, and Paul Ylvisaker. "Renewing the Inner City." In Federal Government and Urban Problems, 69–95. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429310867-5.

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"2. Why Organize? Problems and Promise in the Inner City." In Community Organizing and Community Building for Health and Welfare, 27–32. Rutgers University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813553146-004.

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Temin, Peter. "American Cities." In The Vanishing Middle Class. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036160.003.0011.

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The United States has a dual residential system; the FTE sector lives in wealthy suburbs, and the low-wage sector lives in inner cities. Urban services are old and deteriorating. City schools are old, city planners concentrated poor people in tall buildings, and public transportation is neglected. Insufficiently maintained tall buildings destroy social capital, and poor public transportation keeps low-wage workers from good jobs. Residential segregation has increased, leading to segregated schools and neighborhoods; support for inner cities is presented as helping African Americans and Latinos. The FTE sector has little personal contact with inner city problems, and does not support taxes to solve them.
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Conference papers on the topic "Inner city problems"

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De Carvalho da Costa, Bruno Luis, and Fabiene Cristina De Carvalho da Costa. "High-capacity transport, floor area ratio and its relationship with urbanization of metropolitan areas." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3762.

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Most of the world’s population lives in urban areas (54%). Near 42% of the global urban population live in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants, where problems associated with urban sprawl such as informal settlement, social-economic changes, environmental degradation and deficient high-capacity transport (HCT) systems are common. Meanwhile, urbanization and its associated transportation infrastructure define the relationship between city and countryside, between the city’s inner core and the periphery, between the citizen and his right to move. This article discusses and presents an overview about the relationship between the planning and extension of HCT systems and urban planning, (in the figure of the floor-area ratio - FAR- prescribed in regulations). The methodological approach consists of drawing a conceptual framework and studying 33 different cities of metropolitan areas on five continents. It’s noticed that areas in cities with a high construction potential but with an insufficient HCT negatively influence in urban mobility and hence the right to the city. We consider right to the city the various social and fundamental rights that, among others, includes the right to public transportation. Therefore there’s a real need of an integrated approach of community participation, FAR distribution, urban planning and transportation planning and so that urbanization, inevitable these days, takes place in a fair and harmonious way.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3762
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Bian, Bo. "The application of micro-regeneration strategy in urban renewal in norther Lima, Perù." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rwbv2921.

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Lima, the capital city of Peru, is situated within the country's desert region on the Pacific coast and bordered by the Andes Mountains to the East. It is one of the most fast developing city shifting from both formal and informal urban construction. While traditional renewal model and strategy cannot deal with new situation and complex urban problems of this mega city due to its inner and outer contradictions and complexity. This paper analyses the current situation of San Martin de Porres, a typical district in the northern part of the city, which grew towards the Chillon river corridor mainly during the second half of the twentieth century. It conducts investigation and analysis on the current situation related to social, economy and infrastructure system in this district. It shows that from the perspective of planning and design, urban scale top-down interventions have little positive impact on individual realities. On the opposite, much of the society's knowledge and useful space are created by the residents' active behaviour and informal activities, which belong to the bottomup strategy, and they provide the source for urban vitality. Based on the above content, the paper puts forward the micro-regeneration strategy based on the theory of organic renewal and daily life, which mainly includes three aspects: urban catalysts, space design and corporate mechanism construction. The paper investigate different potential urban catalysts based on the feature of different functional space. It includes the most symbolic area that the latter design would applied to the whole province practically. Space design consists of four aspects: riverbank reuse, street renovation, community building and neighbourhood space transformation. The paper introduces community-based organization and governmental structure based on current top-down model and residents' activities in order to push on the practical work that all the other area could follow. It tries to stimulate the improvement of the current situation and hopes to provide a new mode for the development of this mega city and similar practice
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Wang, Leye, Xu Geng, Xiaojuan Ma, Feng Liu, and Qiang Yang. "Cross-City Transfer Learning for Deep Spatio-Temporal Prediction." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/262.

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Spatio-temporal prediction is a key type of tasks in urban computing, e.g., traffic flow and air quality. Adequate data is usually a prerequisite, especially when deep learning is adopted. However, the development levels of different cities are unbalanced, and still many cities suffer from data scarcity. To address the problem, we propose a novel cross-city transfer learning method for deep spatio-temporal prediction tasks, called RegionTrans. RegionTrans aims to effectively transfer knowledge from a data-rich source city to a data-scarce target city. More specifically, we first learn an inter-city region matching function to match each target city region to a similar source city region. A neural network is designed to effectively extract region-level representation for spatio-temporal prediction. Finally, an optimization algorithm is proposed to transfer learned features from the source city to the target city with the region matching function. Using citywide crowd flow prediction as a demonstration experiment, we verify the effectiveness of RegionTrans. Results show that RegionTrans can outperform the state-of-the-art fine-tuning deep spatio-temporal prediction models by reducing up to 10.7% prediction error.
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Singh, Inderjeet, Elmira Popova, and Ernie Kee. "Optimal Preventive Maintenance Policy Under a Budget Constraint." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48107.

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We design an optimal preventive maintenance policy for a system of N items that minimizes the total expected maintenance cost. We assume that the budget for preventive maintenance is limited and constrained. The problem has a finite time horizon and we consider constant inter-preventive maintenance times for every item. The resulting nonlinear optimization problem is reformulated as a binary integer program and computation results are presented on a real data set from South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company in Bay City, Texas, USA.
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Nakil, Seemantini. "Traditional and modern systems for addressing wter scarcity in arid zones of India." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/fesh7872.

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Water is essential for all socio-economic development and for maintaining a healthy ecosystem in the world. At present, reduction of water scarcity is prime goal of many countries and governments. Water scarcity is one of the most important concerns of present-day geographers as water is the central subject of all kinds of developmental activities. Rajasthan is the largest state in India covering an area of 34.22 million hectares, i.e.10.5 percent of the country’s geographical area, but sharing only 1.15 percent of its water resources. The state is predominantly agrarian as the livelihood of 70 percent of its people depends on agriculturebased activities. Most of the state (60-75%) is arid or semiarid. Waterways are a vital and productive resource to our environment. Rajasthan in India is characterized by very low mean annual rainfall (100-400 mm), high inter-annual variability in rainfall and stream flows, and poorquality soils and groundwater. Rajasthan has a rich history of use of traditional systems of water harvesting in almost all the districts of the state. These practices have often saved the droughtaffected regions from problems of water famine. The serious problems of water shortages in many parts of the country are being largely attributed to the discontinued use of traditional water harvesting practices. This paper discusses reasons of scarcity of water in arid zones and also explore various traditional & modern water systems to resolve the issue of water scarcity in arid parts of India.
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Jiang, P., I. Bychkov, J. Liu, T. Li, and A. Hmelnov. "Traffic flow prediction for vehicle emission calculation based on graph convolutional networks." In 1st International Workshop on Advanced Information and Computation Technologies and Systems 2020. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47350/aicts.2020.10.

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Monitoring the distribution of vehicle exhaust emissions within the city is a very challenging problem since it is affected by many complex factors, such as spatial-temporal correlation and the other environment conditions. In addition, the technology of using sensors to directly monitor vehicle exhaust emissions is still in the initial stage, and it is hard to implement direct monitoring in a large area. Thus, we use the existing environmental theory to measure the distribution of vehicle exhaust emissions in cities by traffic volume. In this paper, the problem we need to solve is how to use the data of sparse monitoring stations and inherent traffic network to infer the spatial-temporal distribution of traffic volume. In order to solve this problem, we propose a graph convolutional network model to extract the characteristics of traffic data and other features. We have done a lot of experiments on real traffic data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods.
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Severson, Kristine J., Daniel P. Parent, and David C. Tyrell. "Two-Car Impact Test of Crash-Energy Management Passenger Rail Cars: Analysis of Occupant Protection Measurements." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61249.

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As a part of ongoing passenger rail equipment safety research, a full-scale impact test of two cars with energy absorbing end structures was carried out on February 26, 2004. In this test, two coupled cars impacted a rigid barrier at 29 mph. Similar to previous full-scale tests in the series [1,2,3], anthropomorphic test devices (or ATDs) were included on the rail cars to measure the occupant response during the collision. These ATDs were instrumented with accelerometers and load cells to measure the injury risk to the occupants. This paper presents preliminary tests results. Five occupant experiments were included in the two-car test. Three of the experiments were similar to those conducted on the two-car test of conventional equipment that was held on April 4, 2000: forward-facing occupants in inter-city seats, forward-facing occupants in commuter seats, and rear-facing occupants in commuter seats. Two of the experiments examine the interaction of an occupant with a workstation table in a facing-seat configuration. These two tests used experimental ATDs with an increased capacity for recording abdominal impact response. To aid the analysis of this problem, MADYMO computer models were developed for four of the five of the occupant experiments. The models were either modified from earlier simulations, in the case of the commuter seats, or newly developed, in the case of the inter-city seats and table experiment with THOR ATD. The models were validated based on previous tests and/or accident data. Predictions of the ATD response agree closely for the overall kinematics of the ATDs, and for many of the measurements made with the ATDs in the full-scale test.
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Hanzl, Malgorzata, Lia Maria Dias Bezerra, Anna Aneta Tomczak, and Robert Warsza. "A quest to quantify urban sustainability. Assessing incongruous growth." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5096.

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Urban planners, politicians and citizens need comprehensive and clear information in order to conduct or get involved into successful evidence based planning and policy making. The objective to improve the quality of planning outcomes both at the local and regional level necessitates in creation of design mechanisms which could help planners verify and support their approach with quantitative analyses and simulation tools. While this sort of problems has already been explored for a while, with an abundant literature on the topic, there still remains a lot to say, especially when it comes to evaluation of plans, such as local plans of urban development, general plans, studies for the municipalities or larger, inter-municipal associations. Along with the implementation of INSPIRE Directive in Europe, data for these analyses, so far patchy and incomplete, becomes slowly but progressively available. The use of quantitative analyses may refer to several aspects of physical form, such as connectivity, continuity of ecological systems, conciseness of built structures and urban boundary, analyses of the morphology of urban tissue, etc. Completed with the qualitative description and enriched with the socio-cultural preconditions assessment they may give a comprehensive picture both of the current and the planned state. The current paper presents an experience of mapping typologies of residential structures in the settlements neighbouring Lodz, Poland, with the objective to assess the existing densities and planned development capacities against the backdrop of demographic dynamics in these region.References Berghauser-Pont, M. and Haupt, P. (2010) Space, Density and Urban Form (Technische Universiteit Delft, Delft). Faludi, A. and Waterhout, B. (2006) ‘Introducing Evidence-Based Planning’, disP Plan. Rev. 165, pp.4–13. Laconte, P. (2016) ‘Introduction: assessing the assessments’, in Laconte, P. and Gossop, C. (eds.) Sustainable Cities. Assessing the Performance and Practice of Urban Environments. (I.B. Tauris, London, New York) 1–14. Newman, P. and Kenworthy, J. (1999) Sustainability and cities: overcoming automobile dependence (University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Rapoport, A. (1975) ‘Toward a Redefinition of Density’, Environment and Behavior 7(2), 133–158.
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Zheng, Zhedong, and Yi Yang. "Unsupervised Scene Adaptation with Memory Regularization in vivo." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/150.

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This work focuses on the unsupervised scene adaptation problem of learning from both labeled source data and unlabeled target data. Existing approaches focus on minoring the inter-domain gap between the source and target domains. However, the intra-domain knowledge and inherent uncertainty learned by the network are under-explored. In this paper, we propose an orthogonal method, called memory regularization in vivo, to exploit the intra-domain knowledge and regularize the model training. Specifically, we refer to the segmentation model itself as the memory module, and minor the discrepancy of the two classifiers, i.e., the primary classifier and the auxiliary classifier, to reduce the prediction inconsistency. Without extra parameters, the proposed method is complementary to most existing domain adaptation methods and could generally improve the performance of existing methods. Albeit simple, we verify the effectiveness of memory regularization on two synthetic-to-real benchmarks: GTA5 → Cityscapes and SYNTHIA → Cityscapes, yielding +11.1% and +11.3% mIoU improvement over the baseline model, respectively. Besides, a similar +12.0% mIoU improvement is observed on the cross-city benchmark: Cityscapes → Oxford RobotCar.
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Lauret, Philippe, Mathieu David, Eric Fock, and Laetitia Adelard. "Bayesian and Sensitivity Analysis Approaches to Modelling the Direct Solar Irradiance." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76224.

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In this paper, emphasis is put on the design of a neural network to model the direct solar irradiance. Since unfortunately a neural network (NN) is not a statistician in-a-box, building a NN for a particular problem is a non trivial task. As a consequence, we argue that in order to properly model the direct solar irradiance, a systematic methodology must be employed. For this purpose, we propose a two-step approach to building the NN model. The first step deals with a probabilistic interpretation of the NN learning by using Bayesian techniques. The Bayesian approach to modelling offers significant advantages over the classical NN learning process. Among others, one can cite a) automatic complexity control of the NN using all the available data b) selection of the most important input variables. The second step consists in using a new sensitivity analysis-based pruning method in order to infer the optimal NN structure. We show that the combination of the two approaches makes the practical implementation of the Bayesian techniques more reliable.
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Reports on the topic "Inner city problems"

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Bartik, Timothy J. Solving the Many Problems with Inner City Jobs. W.E. Upjohn Institute, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp00-66.

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