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Silva, João Carlos d´Alte Bártolo da. "A Necessidade e importância da acreditação dos laboratórios forenses em Portugal (integrados no INML)." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9682.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Legal apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do PortoO presente trabalho tem como objectivo, pela reflexão que proporciona, contribuir para o melhor conhecimento dos Sistemas da Qualidade aplicável aos Laboratórios Forenses integrados no Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, e do processo de Acreditação dos mesmos segundo a norma NP EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000.Nos últimos anos temos assistido a um gradual aumento das exigências da Sociedade relativamente à garantia da qualidade de produtos e serviços. Tal facto tem conduzido as organizações, quer de carácter público quer privado, a orientar os seus esforços para a satisfação dos seus Clientes.As normas da série ISO 9000:2000 e a norma NP EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000 surgiram em resposta à necessidade de uma metodologia uniforme que proporcionasse às organizações um meio voluntário para a satisfação das exigências da Sociedade.O seu carácter universal e a sua abrangência conduziram nos EUA à adopção da norma EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000 como a referência para a Acreditação dos Laboratórios Forenses, substituindo de modo faseado a metodologia até há pouco utilizada para o efeito.Em Portugal a Acreditação de Laboratórios tem uma metodologia bem definida, coordenada pelo Instituto Português da Qualidade e utiliza como referência a norma NP EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000.Existem várias metodologias possíveis para a Acreditação de Laboratórios, competindo a cada organização a definição da que melhor se adapta, em função de factores como os objectivos pretendidos, o grau de maturidade do Sistema da Qualidade já implementado, a dimensão e estrutura da organização, o âmbito pretendido para a Acreditação e os meios disponíveis para o efeito.Em todas as metodologias o factor humano surge como a chave para o sucesso do processo de Acreditação. É imprescindível o envolvimento de todos dentro da organização, desde a Gestão de topo até ao mais baixo nível hierárquico.Os Laboratórios Forenses, tal como qualquer outra organização, existem para servir os seus Clientes. Não podem contudo alhear-se da perspe ...
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Silva, João Carlos d´Alte Bártolo da. "A Necessidade e importância da acreditação dos laboratórios forenses em Portugal (integrados no INML)." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9682.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Legal apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do PortoO presente trabalho tem como objectivo, pela reflexão que proporciona, contribuir para o melhor conhecimento dos Sistemas da Qualidade aplicável aos Laboratórios Forenses integrados no Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, e do processo de Acreditação dos mesmos segundo a norma NP EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000.Nos últimos anos temos assistido a um gradual aumento das exigências da Sociedade relativamente à garantia da qualidade de produtos e serviços. Tal facto tem conduzido as organizações, quer de carácter público quer privado, a orientar os seus esforços para a satisfação dos seus Clientes.As normas da série ISO 9000:2000 e a norma NP EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000 surgiram em resposta à necessidade de uma metodologia uniforme que proporcionasse às organizações um meio voluntário para a satisfação das exigências da Sociedade.O seu carácter universal e a sua abrangência conduziram nos EUA à adopção da norma EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000 como a referência para a Acreditação dos Laboratórios Forenses, substituindo de modo faseado a metodologia até há pouco utilizada para o efeito.Em Portugal a Acreditação de Laboratórios tem uma metodologia bem definida, coordenada pelo Instituto Português da Qualidade e utiliza como referência a norma NP EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000.Existem várias metodologias possíveis para a Acreditação de Laboratórios, competindo a cada organização a definição da que melhor se adapta, em função de factores como os objectivos pretendidos, o grau de maturidade do Sistema da Qualidade já implementado, a dimensão e estrutura da organização, o âmbito pretendido para a Acreditação e os meios disponíveis para o efeito.Em todas as metodologias o factor humano surge como a chave para o sucesso do processo de Acreditação. É imprescindível o envolvimento de todos dentro da organização, desde a Gestão de topo até ao mais baixo nível hierárquico.Os Laboratórios Forenses, tal como qualquer outra organização, existem para servir os seus Clientes. Não podem contudo alhear-se da perspe ...
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Foschi, Federica. "Semplificare l'interazione con l'utente nell'interprete IntML." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3911/.
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Si presenta IntML, un linguaggio funzionale di recente introduzione che rende possibile la comunicazione bidirezionale; si descrive il funzionamento del suo interprete, a cui abbiamo aggiunto nuove funzionalita' che semplificano le operazioni di debugging e testing degli algoritmi.
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Rowley, Irenie. "Acquiring functional categories : infl. and comp. revisited." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397358.
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Magba, Elizabeth Ann. "The INFL constituent in the Mundani language." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29535/.
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The thesis is a syntactic study of the Inflectional constituent (INFL) in Mundani, a Grassfields Bantu language of the Mbam-Nkam subgroup, spoken in the S.W. Province of the Republic of Cameroon. Chapter 1 briefly introduces the Mundani language and people; chapter 2 summarizes relevant aspects of the modular system of Universal Grammar known as Government and Binding (GB) theory that forms the basic theoretical framework of the study. In order to place the INFL constituent within its wider syntactic context, chapters 3 and A outline Mundani clause structure, including interrogatives, negation, and interesting deviations from basic SVO word order in Topic and Focus constructions. The INFL constituent itself is introduced in chapter 5, with two possibilities for syntactic analysis: (i) as a single split constituent; (ii) as two separate syntactic categories: TENSE projecting to TP, and AQR projecting to AgrP. The evidence favours the second approach, which is adopted as a basis for discussion. Chapters 6 and 7 detail the content and syntactic properties of the category TENSE, including the licensing of nodes in complex TENSE constituents composed of several elements; the content and syntax of the category AGP are dealt with in chapters 8 and 9. In the case of AGR, two distinct approaches can be adopted: one based on a GB account of Switch Reference (SR) languages; the other in terms of Control Theory. Although the latter offers a more satisfactory account of AGR in this instance, the fact that both approaches can be applied to the Mundani data provides insights into the parallelisms between SR and Control: notably, the binding relationships between two INFL components, the links existing between INFL, its Spec (subject) position and COMP, and the obligatory subject control resulting from these relationships. The concluding chapter 10 summarizes evidence to show that INFL is not a single functional category, but rather a complex of different kinds of functional category, each of which forms the head X of its own XP projection. Two problems remain partially unresolved. Firstly, there are difficulties in accounting satisfactorily for the "spread" of imperfective marking across "complex TENSE" and a following main verb. Secondly, the proposed analysis of Mundani INFL is an obstacle to a coherent account of realis/irrealis modal marking, which falls under either TENSE or AGR across three different construction types.
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Solin, Doreen (Doreen Frances). "Germanic verb order : the case for INFL-second." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60097.
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Within the framework of Government-Binding Theory, this thesis argues that the Germanic languages, including German and related languages, should be analyzed as having INFL-second underlying work order. Contrary to traditional generative treatments of the so-called "verb-second" (V2) phenomenon, it is claimed here, in light of certain subtle asymmetries, that the final target site of the moved verb is INFL (I$ sp0)$ in sentences with pre-verbal subjects and COMP (C$ sp0)$ in those with pre-verbal non-subjects.It is further maintained that an analysis, as modified and extended in the thesis, in which verb movement is triggered by the Empty Category Principle (ECP) is superior, on both conceptual and empirical grounds, to other theories advanced by generativists to date. A wide variety of clause types in the modern Germanic languages, including in particular German V2 complements and Icelandic infinitival complements, are examined, the final chapter being devoted to a proposal concerning German "parentheticals".
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Williams, Elmer. "The electronic spectra of AlBr, GaF, InCl, and CO⁺ /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487264603218008.
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Silva, Talita Guimar?es da. "Ingl?s para quem? : as implica??es do Programa Ingl?s sem Fronteiras no processo de internacionaliza??o da educa??o superior brasileira." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2018. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1107.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Due to the worldwide trend of internationalization of higher education, in 2011 the Brazilian government launched Science Without Borders (SwB), a federal program that aimed to qualify national science through student mobility. As a result of the large number of students being sent abroad, foreign language training became essential to the success of the program. In order to ensure the training of English-speaking students and ensure that they could study in English-speaking universities, English without Borders (EwB) was created with three main actions: application of proficiency tests, online and face-to-face courses. It is known that the English language is understood as a lingua franca by participating in different discursive spheres, economy, politics, and business, therefore, the current English language courses should prepare students for the complexity of language and its usage. In this way, our objective is to investigate how the courses work and how the SwB candidates are trained to use the English language in a foreign study context. Since the advent of globalization and the emergence of a vast English teaching industry, language has gained a utilitarian connotation and has come to be understood as a consumer good submissive to the laws of the labor market. In light of these findings, we analyzed the official and proposed documents of the EwB to understand the governmental proposal, we applied a questionnaire to the coordinators of the on-site courses and we, discursively, analyzed the media publications about the programs. With the linking of the different methods used in the research, we sought to explain EwB's submission to the SwB agenda and interests and, as a result, the political-social place in which the program was inserted in the face of the challenges brought by the internationalization of higher education.
Diante da tend?ncia mundial de internacionaliza??o da educa??o superior, o governo brasileiro lan?ou, em 2011, o Ci?ncia sem Fronteiras (CsF), programa federal que tinha por objetivo qualificar a ci?ncia nacional por meio da mobilidade estudantil. Com a grande quantidade de alunos sendo enviados ao exterior, a forma??o em l?ngua estrangeira passou a ser essencial para o ?xito do programa. No intuito de garantir a forma??o dos alunos em l?ngua inglesa para que pudessem estudar em universidades angl?fonas, o Ingl?s sem Fronteiras (IsF) foi criado com tr?s a??es principais: aplica??o de testes de profici?ncia, oferecimento de cursos presenciais e online. Sabendo que a l?ngua inglesa ? entendida como uma l?ngua franca por participar de diferentes esferas discursivas, da economia, da pol?tica, dos neg?cios, compreendemos que os cursos de l?ngua inglesa da atualidade devem preparar os alunos para a complexidade que constitui a l?ngua e o uso dela. Dessa forma, nosso objetivo ? investigar como os cursos funcionam e de que maneira os candidatos do CsF s?o formados para o uso da l?ngua inglesa em contexto de estudo estrangeiro, uma vez que, diante do advento da globaliza??o e da emerg?ncia de uma vasta ind?stria de ensino de ingl?s, a l?ngua ganhou uma conota??o utilitarista e passou a ser entendida como um bem de consumo submisso ?s leis do mercado de trabalho. Diante dessas constata??es, analisamos os documentos oficiais e propositivos do IsF, para entender a proposta governamental; aplicamos um question?rio aos coordenadores dos cursos presenciais e analisamos, discursivamente, as publica??es midi?ticas acerca dos programas. Buscamos, com o encadeamento dos diferentes m?todos empregados na pesquisa, explicitar a submiss?o do IsF ? agenda e interesses do CsF e, portanto, o lugar pol?tico-social em que o programa se inseriu em face dos desafios propostos pela internacionaliza??o da educa??o superior.
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Akker, Erica Liesbeth Theodora van den. "Glucocorticoid receptor effects on the immune system and infl ammation." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/11729.
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Schütze, Carson T. "INFL in child and adult language : agreement, case and licensing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10778.
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Salonen, Tarja. "Molecular and cellular biology of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL)." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/salonen/.
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Inal, Benjamin [Verfasser]. "Gernika/Guernica als Erinnerungsort in der spanischsprachigen Literatur / Benjamin Inal." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080459790/34.
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Mutaka, Ngessimo. "Tonal Evidence for an INFL Cycle in the Kinande Verb." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227233.
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Beavert, Virginia, and Virginia Beavert. "Wántwint Inmí Tiináwit: A Reflection of What I Have Learned." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12542.
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I do two things in my dissertation. One is to tell the history of academic research on my language from the perspective of a Native person who has been involved in this work as an assistant to non-Native researchers. The other is to explain more about my culture and language and how it works from the perspective of a Yakima person who has spoken and used the language her whole life.
My most important task in this dissertation is to explain at more length some of the most basic vocabulary about our ancient culture and way of life. I do this by writing about different important parts of traditional life - life circles, sweathouse, ceremonies, horses, and foods - and explaining the words we use to talk about these and how those words explain the deeper meaning of what we do.
I write this dissertation for the Ichishkíin speaking communities in hope that by documenting our lost traditions they will have a resource from which to learn our ancestors' ways and language. Detailing the traditional practices offers a much needed historical and social accounting of each. I include various dialects and practices shared by other Ichishkíin speaking communities. I incorporate texts, songs, descriptions of dances, and practices in Ichishkíin.
This dissertation contributes also to the fields of sociolinguistics and theoretical linguistics, as well as historical and cultural anthropology. Despite the best efforts of some anthropologists and linguists, all the work done on Yakima Ichishkíin is by researchers from outside the community and is inevitably seen and presented through the lens of the English language, Euro-American culture, and the Western tradition of "objective" scholarship. I am in a unique position to present the research on my language as a contribution to academic scholarship but from a very different perspective, that of a Native speaker and scholar. Implicit in my view of scholarship is the way researchers should work with Native people; therefore, I address how linguists can better work with community members. I discuss the protocols and etiquette expected by Native people in working with non-Natives.
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RONCHI, CARLOTTA. "Late sodium current (INaL) enhancement contributes to cardiac pathological remodeling." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/101911.
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The late sodium current (INaL) is the sustained component of the voltage-gated Na+ current. INaL is negligible under physiological condition but its enhancement is known to promote maladaptive cell remodelling in several cardiovascular diseases. However, INaL contribution to the pathophysiology of some cardiac disease has not been clarified yet. This thesis investigates the role of INaL in experimental rodent models of acute myocardial ischemia and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
The first study investigated INaL contribution to ionic homeostasis dysregulation during acute myocardial ischemia at the single cell level. RAN is known to improve electrical and contractile performance in global no-flow ischemia/reperfusion, but no direct measurements of INaL during myocardial ischemia are currently available. Rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to ischemic solution (ISC) containing the major hallmarks of ischemia. During ISC, INaL increased in spite of action potential (AP) changes and contributed to cytosolic Na+ increment. Indeed, INaL blockade by both RAN and TTX blunted ISC-induced cytosolic Na+ enhancement. Moreover, ISC-induced intracellualr Ca2+ increment was significantly reduced by INaL blockade especially under sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (sNCX) blockade. Mitochondrial NCX (mNCX) appeared to be involved into intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in these conditions. In conclusion, INaL increased during ischemia and might participate to intracellular Ca2+ accumulation through sNCX-independent mechanisms. Indeed, mNCX appears to be involved in the INaL induced intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in acute ischemia.
The second study evaluated the hypothesis that constitutive INaL enhancement may occur as part of PAH-induced myocardial remodelling which can be prevented by selective INaL blockade by RAN. PAH was induced by systemic administration of monocrotaline (MCT) in rat; RAN was administered 48 hrs after MCT and washed-out before studies. MCT increased right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure, caused RV hypertrophy and loss of left ventricular (LV) mass. In the RV INaL was markedly enhanced, thus contributing to AP duration prolongation. In the LV, INaL was enhanced to a lesser extent and electrical remodelling was less prominent than in the RV. In summary, RAN completely prevented INaL enhancement and limited most aspects of PAH-induced remodeling, but failed to affect in-vivo contractile performance. Partial mechanical unloading, resulting from an unexpected effect of RAN on pulmonary vasculature, might contribute to its effect.
In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates the pivotal role of INaL enhancement in cardiac diseases because of its impact on ion intracellular homeostasis and thus can be considered a potential therapeutic target in several pathological conditions.
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Inal, Sahika [Verfasser], and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Neher. "Responsive polymers for optical sensing applications / Sahika Inal. Betreuer: Dieter Neher." Potsdam : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053559984/34.
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Hilferink, Floor, and Stefan Thylén. "Ledarskapets påverkan på personal inom restaurangbranschen : 52 502 tecken inkl. blanksteg." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61240.
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Alhadi, Mustafa, and Zijad Shehadeh. "Guide för beräkning av förband i korslimmade träkonstruktioner : inkl. några dimensioneringsexempel." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97902.
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Korrslimmat trä (KL-trä) är ett byggnadsmaterial som har ökat i popularitet och användning markant inom byggbranschen de senaste åren. Vid dimensionering av trähus är en av de mest komplicerade delarna att dimensionera förbanden. I stommen utgör förbanden en viktig del eftersom de håller ihop byggnaden. Därför är det viktigt att konstruktörer kan utföra säkra och ekonomiska dimensioneringar. Det saknas idag tydliga och pedagogiska guider med dimensioneringsexempel, vilka konstruktörer kan utgå från vid dimensionering av förband i KL-träkonstruktioner. Genom att granska de mest aktuella KL-trähandböckerna, jämföra dem med varandra och plocka ut de bästa delarna från varje handbok, har en sådan guide tagits fram i detta arbete med kompletterande dimensioneringsexempel. Guiden är tänkt att verka som stöd vid dimensionering av förband i KL-träkonstruktioner och förhoppningarna är att den i framtiden kan verka som underlag för framtagandet av en handbok med samlingar av stödjande beräkningsexempel.Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a rather new construction material that has increased its popularity and usage significantly within the building industry in the past years. In timber buildings, the connections are one of the most challenging parts to design. Thus, there are high demands put on structural engineers to make a safe and economic design. Today structural engineers have no specific and clear guideline that they can use as help for design of connections in CLT-buildings. By reviewing the most common CLT-handbooks, comparing them with each other, and picking out the best parts from each of the handbooks, a new guideline for design of connections in CLT-structures was developed in this thesis with complementary design examples. The guidelines main purpose is to act as help for the structural engineer when designing connections in CLT-structures. It is indented that the guideline acts as basis for the development of a future CLT-handbook with a collection of supporting calculation examples.
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Pérez, Aliaga Carlos Francisco. "Evaluación situacional del diagnóstico y manejo de preeclampsia en el INMP 2004." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14744.
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La preeclampsia es una complicación seria de la gestación y es una de las principales causas de mortalidad materna y perinatal en el Perú y en el mundo. Por largo tiempo se ha intentado uniformizar criterios diagnósticos, lo cual haga factible
comparar estudios de investigación con respecto a los trastornos hipertensivos en el
embarazo. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo.
Se revisaron las historias clínicas de las pacientes quienes tuvieron su parto entre los
meses de octubre a diciembre del 2004 en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de
Lima, quienes presentaban algún diagnóstico de trastorno hipertensivo durante su
ingreso al ser hospitalizadas o al momento del alta. Se obtuvo una incidencia de trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo del
5.13%, y de preeclampsia de 3.25%, en el INMP en este periodo. Se observó que del total de pacientes evaluadas 56.7% eran nulíparas. Del total de casos de trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo el diagnóstico más frecuente
fue el de Preeclampsia con un 56.7%. La proteinuria se determinó principalmente por prueba cualitativa, y cuando se realizó
la prueba cuantitativa los valores detectados fueron bajos, no relacionándose con la
gravedad del caso. Al comparar preeclampsia con hipertensión gestacional se encontró asociación
estadísticamente significativa entre preeclampsia y parto por cesárea, prematuridad,
plaquetopenia previa y post parto, transfusión de hemoderivados y con ingreso a la UCI
materna. Las complicaciones maternas más frecuentemente encontradas fueron anemia y
plaquetopenia, y la complicación perinatal más frecuente fue la prematuridad. Concluye que la hipertensión arterial durante el embarazo es un factor de riesgo importante para presentar mayor morbilidad materna y perinatal. Se debe uniformizar criterios diagnósticos de los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, lo cual, permitirá tener estadísticas más confiables y permitir las comparaciones con estudios realizados en otras instituciones. Los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo deben ser cuidadosamente evaluados y manejados en hospitales que tengan la infraestructura necesaria para poder resolver complicaciones maternas y perinatales.Trabajo académico
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Ñaña, Soldevilla Dula. "Liderazgo situacional del profesional de enfermería del servicio de neonatología INMP - 2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6751.
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Determina el estilo de liderazgo situacional del profesional de enfermería en el servicio de neonatología del INMP 2013. El método estudio fue descriptivo de corte transversal, la población de estuvo conformada por 42 enfermeras, el cuestionario fue de Hersey y Blanchard, para valorar el estilo de Liderazgo situacional. Concluye que el estilo de liderazgo situacional que adopta el profesional de enfermería es de acuerdo a la situación de los 42 encuestados se puede apreciar una tendencia a apoyar, que involucra escuchar a las personas, facilitando su compromiso en la resolución de problemas y en la toma de decisiones y proporcionar apoyo y estímulos para sus esfuerzos; seguido de dirigir, instruir y delegar y esto en relación a la madurez de sus colaboradores.Trabajo académico
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Ñaña, Soldevilla Dula, and Soldevilla Dula Ñaña. "Liderazgo situacional del profesional de enfermería del servicio de neonatología INMP - 2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/6751.
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Determina el estilo de liderazgo situacional del profesional de enfermería en el servicio de neonatología del INMP 2013. El método estudio fue descriptivo de corte transversal, la población de estuvo conformada por 42 enfermeras, el cuestionario fue de Hersey y Blanchard, para valorar el estilo de Liderazgo situacional. Concluye que el estilo de liderazgo situacional que adopta el profesional de enfermería es de acuerdo a la situación de los 42 encuestados se puede apreciar una tendencia a apoyar, que involucra escuchar a las personas, facilitando su compromiso en la resolución de problemas y en la toma de decisiones y proporcionar apoyo y estímulos para sus esfuerzos; seguido de dirigir, instruir y delegar y esto en relación a la madurez de sus colaboradores.Trabajo académico
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Queiroz, Rodrigo Nascimento de. ""Eu pensei que ia sair daqui falando ingl?s": um estudo sist?mico-funcional sobre pap?is sociais atribu?dos por alunos de um curso de Letras/Ingl?s." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16246.
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Previous issue date: 2012-11-30Research in the area of teacher training in English as a Foreign Language (CELANI, 2003, 2004, 2010; PAIVA, 2000, 2003, 2005; VIEIRA-ABRAH?O, 2010) articulates the complexity of beginning teachers classroom contexts aligned with teaching language as a social and professional practice of the teacher in training. To better understand this relationship, the present study is based on a corpus of transcribed interviews and questionnaires applied to 28 undergraduate students majoring in Letters/English emphasis, at a public university located in the interior of the Western Amazon region, soliciting their opinions about the reforms made in the curriculum of this Major. Interviews and questionnaires were used as data collection instruments to trace a profile of the students organized in Group 1, with freshmen and sophomore undergraduates who are following the 2009 curriculum, and Group 2, with junior and senior undergraduates who are following the 2006 curriculum. The objectives are to identify, to characterize and to analyze the types of pronouns, roles and social actors represented in the opinions of these students in relation to their teacher training curriculum. The theoretical support focuses on the challenge of historical and contemporary routes from English teachers initial education programs (MAGALH?ES; LIBERALLI, 2009; PAVAN; SILVA, 2010; ALVAREZ, 2010; VIANA, 2011; PAVAN, 2012). Our theoretical perspective is based on the Systemic Functional Grammar of Halliday (1994), Halliday and Hasan (1989), Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), Eggins (1994; 2004) and Thompson (2004). We focus on the concept of the Interpersonal meaning, specifically regarding the roles articulated in the studies by Delu (1991), Thompson and Thetela (1995), and in the Portuguese language such as Ramos (1997), Silva (2006) and Cabral (2009). Moreover, we ascribe van Leeuwen s (1997; 2003) theory of Representation of Social Actors as a theoretical framework in order to identify the sociological aspect of social actors represented in the students discourse. Within this scenario, the analysis unfolds on three levels: grammatical (pronouns), semantic (roles), and discursive (social actors). For the analysis of interpersonal realizations present in the students opinions, we use the computational program WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2010) and its applications Wordlist and Concord to quantify the occurrences of the pronouns I, You and They, which characterize the roles and social actors of the corpus. The results show that the students assigned the following roles to themselves: (i) apprentice to express their initial process of English language learning; (ii) freshman to reveal their choice of Major in Letters/English emphasis; (iii) future teacher to relate their expectations towards a practicing professional. To assign the roles to professors in the major, the students used the metaphor of modality (I think) to indicate the relationship of teacher training, while they are in the role of a student and as a future teacher. From these evidences the representation of the students as social actors emerges in roles such as: (i) active roles; (ii) passive roles and (iii) personalized roles. The social actors represented in the opinions of the students reflect the inclusion of these roles assigned to the actions expressed about their experiences and expectations derived from their teacher training classroom
Pesquisas na ?rea de forma??o de professores de ingl?s como l?ngua estrangeira (CELANI, 2003, 2004, 2010; PAIVA, 2000, 2003, 2005; VIEIRA-ABRAH?O, 2010) dimensionam a complexidade de contextos da sala de aula de forma??o inicial em aliar o ensino da l?ngua com a pr?tica social e profissional do futuro professor. Como forma de fornecer subs?dios para a compreens?o dessa rela??o, a presente pesquisa baseia-se em um corpus composto de entrevistas transcritas de 28 alunos de um Curso de Letras/Ingl?s (CLI) de uma universidade p?blica localizada no interior da Amaz?nia Ocidental e suas opini?es acerca da reformula??o do curr?culo do curso. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram entrevistas e question?rios para tra?ar o perfil dos alunos do CLI concentrados em Grupo 1, com os alunos do 1? e 3? per?odos do curr?culo de 2009, e o Grupo 2, com os alunos do 5? e 7? per?odos do curr?culo de 2006. Os objetivos propostos buscam identificar, caracterizar e analisar os tipos de pronomes, os pap?is e os atores sociais representados nas opini?es dos alunos em rela??o ao curr?culo de sua forma??o inicial. O aporte te?rico enfoca os desafios do percurso hist?rico e contempor?neo dos programas de forma??o inicial de professores de l?nguas (MAGALH?ES; LIBERALLI, 2009; PAVAN; SILVA, 2010; ALVAREZ, 2010; VIANA, 2011; PAVAN, 2012). Para a perspectiva te?rica e anal?tica, apoiamo-nos na Gram?tica Sist?mico-Funcional (GSF) de Halliday (1994), Halliday e Hasan (1989), Halliday e Matthiessen (2004), Eggins (1994; 2004) e Thompson (2004). Focamos no conceito da Interpessoalidade, especificamente acerca dos pap?is abordados por Delu (1991), Thompson e Thetela (1995), e trabalhos em l?ngua portuguesa como os de Ramos (1997), Silva (2006) e Cabral (2009). A Teoria da Representa??o dos Atores Sociais de van Leeuwen (1997; 2003) contempla a base te?rica para identificarmos o car?ter sociol?gico dos atores sociais representados no discurso dos alunos. Com este panorama, o percurso proposto para an?lise percorre tr?s n?veis principais: os pronomes (n?vel gramatical), os pap?is (n?vel sem?ntico) e os atores sociais (n?vel discursivo). Para a an?lise das marcas interpessoais presentes nas opini?es dos alunos, utilizamos o programa computacional WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2010), e suas ferramentas Wordlist (Lista de Palavras) e Concord (Concordanciador) para quantificar as ocorr?ncias dos pronomes: Eu, Voc? e Eles, que permitam caracterizar os pap?is e os atores sociais no corpus. Os resultados demonstram que os alunos atribuem a si mesmos os seguintes pap?is: (i) aprendiz para expressar o processo inicial de seu aprendizado com o ingl?s; (ii) ingressante na licenciatura para expor suas escolhas em cursar Letras/Ingl?s; (iii) futuro professor para relacionar suas expectativas com a pr?tica profissional. Para atribuir os pap?is aos professores e o curso, os alunos utilizam a met?fora de modalidade, Eu acho que para marcar as rela??es da forma??o inicial como aluno e futuro professor. Destas evid?ncias emergem os atores sociais representados pelos alunos em: (i) pap?is ativos; (ii) pap?is passivos e (iii) pap?is personalizados. Esses atores sociais representados nas opini?es dos alunos refletem a inclus?o dos pap?is atribu?dos para as a??es expressas acerca das experi?ncias e expectativas oriundas da sala de aula de sua forma??o
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Soares, Wilka Catarina da Silva. "A aprendizagem de ingl?s mediada por jogos eletr?nicos do tipo MMORPG." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16264.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-01Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) are role-playing games that, through the Internet, can integrate thousands of players interacting at the same time in at least one virtual world. This way, these games can provide, further than fun, a greater familiarity with the additional language and opportunity to improve the linguistic proficiency in a real context. Hence, what is proposed in this study is extended knowledge about the learning of an additional language mediated by MMORPGs for teachers to know how, if relevant, to present, use or encourage this practice to their students. Based on this major purpose, we seek to answer the following research questions: (a) what distinguishes the learning profile of the gamers and non-gamers; (b) if MMORPGs can, through a hybrid and systematic approach, assist the development of proficiency of the additional language and (c) what the think-aloud protocols show about the learning mediated by the MMORPG Allods Online. Following an experimental method (NUNAN, 1997), 16 students of the curricular component Reading and Writing Practices in English Language have comprised the control group and 17 students of the same class formed the experimental group and were submitted to a pre and post-test adapted from the Key English Test (KET) by the Cambridge University (2008). The tests were conducted before and after a period of 5 weeks of 3 hours of practice with Allods Online a week (experimental group), and classes of the curricular component (both groups). A quantitative analysis of the questionnaires about the exposure to English profiles of the participants, a quantitative analysis of the tests scores and a qualitative analysis of the thinkaloud protocols collected during the experiment were conducted based on the theories of (a) motivation (GARDNER, 1985, WILLIAMS & BURDEN, 1997, BROWN, 2007, HERCULANO-HOUZEL, 2005); (b) active learning (GASS, 1997, GEE, 2008, MATTAR, 2010); (c) interaction and collaborative learning (KRASHEN, 1991, GASS, 1997, VYGOTSKY, 1978); (d) situated learning (DAMASIO, 1994; 1999; 2003, BROWN, 2007, GEE, 2003) and (e), tangential learning (PORTNOW, 2008; MATTAR, 2010). The results indicate that the participants of the experimental group (gamers) seem to be more engaged in tangential English learning activities, such as playing games, listening to music in English, communicating with foreigners and reading in English. We also deduced that the period of experiment possibly generated positive results on the gamers proficiency scores, mainly in the parts related to orthographic development, reading and comprehension, writing with focus on content and orthographic accuracy. Lastly, the think-aloud protocols presented evidences that the gamers have engaged in active English language learning, they have interacted in English with other players, and learned linguistic aspects through the experience with the MMORPG Allods Online
Os Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) s?o jogos de interpreta??o de personagem que, atrav?s da Internet, podem integrar milhares de jogadores interagindo ao mesmo tempo em pelo menos um mundo virtual. Desta forma, esses jogos podem proporcionar, al?m de divers?o, um maior conv?vio com a l?ngua inglesa e a oportunidade de aprimorar a profici?ncia lingu?stica dentro de um contexto real. Por isso, o que se prop?e neste estudo ? um maior conhecimento sobre a aprendizagem de l?ngua adicional mediada por MMORPGs para que os professores saibam como, se relevante, apresentar, utilizar ou incentivar essa pr?tica junto a seus alunos. Com base neste objetivo principal, procuramos responder as seguintes perguntas de perquisa: (a) o que distingue o perfil de exposi??o ? l?ngua inglesa dos gamers e non-gamers; (b) se os MMORPGs podem, por meio de uma pr?tica h?brida e sistem?tica, auxiliar no desenvolvimento da profici?ncia na l?ngua adicional e (c) o que os protocolos think-aloud evidenciam acerca da aprendizagem mediada pelo MMORPG Allods Online. Seguindo o m?todo experimental (NUNAN, 1997), 16 alunos do componente curricular Pr?ticas de Leitura e Produ??o Escrita em L?ngua Inglesa fizeram parte do grupo controle e 17 alunos da mesma turma compuseram o grupo experimental e foram submetidos a um pr? e p?s-teste adaptados do Key English Test (KET) da Universidade de Cambridge (2008). Os testes foram administrados antes e depois de um per?odo de 5 semanas com 3 horas por semana de experimento com o game Allods Online (grupo experimental), e de aulas do componente curricular (ambos os grupos). Uma an?lise quantitativa dos question?rios sobre os perfis de exposi??o ? l?ngua inglesa dos participantes, uma an?lise quantitativa das notas dos testes e uma an?lise qualitativa de protocolos thinkaloud coletados durante o experimento foram feitas com base nas teorias de (a) motiva??o (GARDNER, 1985, WILLIAMS & BURDEN, 1997, BROWN, 2007, HERCULANOHOUZEL, 2005); (b) aprendizagem ativa (GASS, 1997, GEE, 2008, MATTAR, 2010); (c) intera??o e aprendizagem colaborativa (KRASHEN, 1991, GASS, 1997, VYGOTSKY, 1978); (d) aprendizagem situada (DAMASIO, 1994; 1999; 2003, BROWN, 2007, GEE, 2003) e (e), aprendizagem tangencial (PORTNOW, 2008 E MATTAR, 2010). Os resultados indicam que os participantes do grupo experimental (gamers) parecem ser mais engajados em atividades tangenciais de aprendizagem de l?ngua inglesa, como jogar games, ouvir m?sica em ingl?s, comunicar-se com estrangeiros e ler em ingl?s. Tamb?m conclu?mos que o per?odo de experimento pode ter gerado resultados positivos nas notas dos testes dos gamers, principalmente nas partes relacionadas (a) ao desenvolvimento ortogr?fico, leitura e interpreta??o; (b) ? escrita com foco no conte?do e (c) ? acur?cia ortogr?fica. Por fim, os protocolos think-aloud apresentam evid?ncias de que os gamers engajaram-se na aprendizagem ativa de l?ngua inglesa, interagiram em ingl?s com outros jogadores e aprenderam aspectos lingu?sticos atrav?s da experi?ncia com o MMORPG Allods Online
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Velásquez, Acosta Pablo Máximo. "Luz ambiental y peroxidación de emulsiones lipídicas parenterales. Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal – INMP." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7161.
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Determina la peroxidación generada por luz ambiental, de las emulsiones lipídicas parenterales administradas a recién nacidos en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal del INMP. Es un estudio cuasi-experimental, prospectivo, longitudinal. Utiliza una muestra de 60 emulsiones lipídicas al 20% las cuales estuvieron dividas en 2 grupos. Grupo 1: Emulsiones lipídicas parenterales al 20%, expuestas a luz ambiental por un periodo de 24 horas, bajo condiciones de temperatura y humedad ambiental, que fueron administradas a recién nacidos en bolsas y líneas de infusión transparentes. Grupo 2: Emulsiones lipídicas parenterales al 20%, expuestas a luz ambiental por un periodo de 24 horas, bajo condiciones de temperatura y humedad ambiental, que fueron administradas a recién nacidos en bolsas protegidas y líneas de infusión fotosensibles. La peroxidación lipídica se determinó la a través del dosaje de malondialdehido (MDA) y su reacción con el ácido thiobarbitúrico (TBA) y su posterior lectura en un espectrofotómetro. Se realizó comparación intergrupos mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial con un nivel de significancia menor de 0.05. Encuentra que un incremento significativa del MDA de 57 umol/l, cuando la emulsión lipídica fue infundida sin proteger, en comparación con la emulsión lipídica infundida con protección que fue solo de 21 umol/l. Concluye que las emulsiones lipídicas al 20% usadas en nutrición parenteral de recién nacidos, sufren peroxidación lipídica al ser infundidas en la UCIN en un periodo de 24 horas, la peroxidación es mayor, al ser infundidas sin protección, en comparación a la infundidas con protección. La protección de dichas emulsiones, puede traer beneficios a los recién nacidos.Tesis
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Milanez, Maria Kassimati. "Hist?rias de professores universit?rios sobre ensinar ingl?s para fins espec?ficos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16389.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-04This research has as its theoretical and methodological assumptions (1) the Narrative Inquiry (CLANDININ; CONNELLY, 2011), (2) the Systemic Functional Grammar (HALLIDAY, 1985, 1994; THOMPSON, 2002; EGGINS, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) and (3) the English for Specific Purposes Approach (ESP - HUTCHINSON; WATERS, 1987; CELANI, 2005; RAMOS, 2005), and its overall objective is to survey the meanings construed by the participants who are ESP practitioners and have not received a specific education to teach this approach at their undergraduation. The field texts and therefore the analises were divided into two distinct groups: the first with data generated from a questionnaire applied to nine professors from a federal university in the northeast of Brazil, which contains open and closed questions about their training and their experiences in teaching ESP; the second group, focusing this time on the experiences of three professors from the first group who were still teaching ESP, with data generated from interviews with these participants in addition to the data generated from their autobiographies and from the researcher?s as well. The computational tool WordSmith Tools 6.0 (SCOTT, 2012) was used to select, organize, and quantify data to be analyzed in the first group of texts, identifying the types of Processes and Participants through the Transitivity System (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004). The Processes which were more used by the professors in the questionnaire were the Material, followed by the Relational and then the Mental ones, indicating that most professors reported their actions related to the teaching of ESP, rated or evaluated the approach, their training to teach it and their experiences, hence, rarely showing their thoughts and emotions about teaching ESP. Most of the nine professors say they carry out needs analysis, but not all do it according to the authors cited by them or the ones that are considered a reference in this area, such as the ones used in this research as reference. Similarly, their definitions and conceptions of ESP, in most cases, differed from these authors. All the professors claim not having had specific education to teach ESP at the undergraduation. When examining the stories of the four teachers, in the second group of the field texts, based on meaning composition according to Ely, Vinz, Downing and Anzul (2001), it was revealed that the kind of knowledge they report using when they teach ESP is related to their Personal Practical Knowledge and their Professional Knowledge (ELBAZ, 1983; CLANDININ, 1988). In their autobiographies, metaphors were also identified and they represent their concepts of teaching and being a teacher. Through this research, we hope to contribute to the understanding of what teaching ESP might mean for professors in the researched context and also to the continuing education of ESP practitioners, as well as to a review of the curricula in the English language undergraduate courses and of the role of ESP in the training of these professionals
A presente pesquisa tem como pressupostos te?rico-metodol?gicos (1) a Pesquisa Narrativa (PN CLANDININ; CONNELLY, 2011), (2) a Gram?tica Sist?mico-Funcional (GSF HALLIDAY, 1985, 1994; THOMPSON, 2002; EGGINS, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) e (3) a abordagem de ensino de Ingl?s para Fins Espec?ficos (IFE HUTCHINSON; WATERS, 1987; CELANI, 2005; RAMOS, 2005), com o objetivo geral de fazer um levantamento dos sentidos constru?dos pelos professores participantes sobre o IFE, a forma??o espec?fica que receberam para ministr?-lo e a sua experi?ncia em ensin?-lo no n?vel superior. Os textos de campo e, por conseguinte, as an?lises, foram organizados em dois grupos distintos: o primeiro com dados gerados a partir de um question?rio aplicado a nove professores de uma institui??o p?blica no nordeste brasileiro, contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas a respeito de sua forma??o e de suas experi?ncias em ministrar a disciplina de Ingl?s Instrumental e o segundo grupo, a partir do enfoque nas experi?ncias de tr?s professoras do primeiro grupo que continuavam ensinando IFE, com dados gerados por entrevistas com essas participantes e por suas autobiografias, al?m dos dados gerados pela autobiografia da pr?pria pesquisadora, tamb?m participante da pesquisa. Foi usada a ferramenta computacional WordSmith Tools 6.0 (SCOTT, 2012) para selecionar, organizar e quantificar os dados a serem analisados no primeiro grupo de textos, identificando-se os tipos de Processos e os Participantes, pelo Sistema de Transitividade (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004), sendo que os Processos mais usados pelos professores no question?rio foram os Materiais, seguidos dos Relacionais e em terceiro lugar os Mentais, indicando que a maioria relatou mais suas a??es com rela??o ao ensino de IFE, classificou ou definiu a abordagem, sua forma??o e suas experi?ncias do que demonstrou seus pensamentos e emo??es a respeito de ensinar IFE. A maioria dos nove professores afirma fazer a an?lise de necessidades, mas nem todos a fazem de acordo com o que estabelecem os autores por eles citados ou outros autores considerados refer?ncia nessa ?rea, tais como os que usamos nesta pesquisa. Do mesmo modo, suas defini??es e concep??es sobre IFE, na maioria das vezes, diferem das desses autores. Todos os professores participantes alegam n?o ter tido forma??o espec?fica para ensinar IFE na licenciatura. Ao analisar os relatos das quatro professoras do segundo grupo de textos de campo, com base na composi??o de sentidos segundo Ely, Vinz, Downing e Anzul (2001), percebeu-se que o tipo de conhecimento que estas referem usar para ministrar IFE est? relacionado ao Conhecimento Pr?tico Pessoal e ao Conhecimento Profissional (ELBAZ, 1983; CLANDININ, 1988). Em seus relatos, foram identificadas tamb?m imagens que representam suas concep??es a respeito de ensinar e ser professora. Esperamos, atrav?s desta pesquisa, contribuir tanto para a compreens?o do que pode significar ensinar IFE para os professores do contexto pesquisado, como para a forma??o continuada de professores de IFE, assim como para uma revis?o nos curr?culos de Letras e do papel do IFE na forma??o do professor de l?ngua inglesa
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Romano, Francesco Bryan. "Adult second language development of Infl related properties : contributions from UG, the L1 and input." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537942.
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Zhang, Qiuheng, and 章秋桁. "The modulatory role of BCL-2 gene in the regulation of apoptosis inHL-60 cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239754.
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Milanez, Maria Kassimati. "A interpreta??o dos sintagmas nominais com adjetivos atributivos por alunos de ingl?s instrumental." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16159.
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-07This present work has as objective to analyze the interpretation of the syntactic and semantic meaning performed by third graders in the nominal groups (NGs) with attributive adjectives in the English language in a text of the final exam in the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) discipline. The corpus is made up of 30 exams of two classes from a third grade institution of the biomedical area, corresponding to the basic and advanced levels of the second term in 2006. The text has 24 NGs of different lexical content, a total of 27 NGs in the whole text summing up to 810 analyzed occurrences. The analysis is carried out at the morphologic, syntactic and semantic levels using as theoretical background the traditional and functional grammars (QUIRK et al, 1985; CELSE-MURCIA et al, 1998; TUCKER, 1998), in their semantic aspects, the Semantics (FRAWLEY, 1992) and the Cognitive Linguistics (TAYLOR, 2002). We concluded that the main difficulties were due to the lack of vocabulary and to the use of mother tongue strategies instead of using the top-down strategies for reading a text in English to compensate this gap. We also observed that even when the vocabulary was known, there were difficulties in establishing the semantic and syntactic relations between modifier and noun head. We suggested improvements for the teaching of reading English texts at the third grade grounded in the obtained results such as a more comprehensive study of the several different morphologic and syntactic structures of the NGs with premodifiers and their semantic consequences, an approach of the morphologic, syntactic and semantic aspects of the NGs and the use of both top-down and bottom-up strategies when reading a NG in the English language
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a interpreta??o do significado sint?tico e sem?ntico realizada por alunos universit?rios de Ingl?s Instrumental nos sintagmas nominais (SNs) com adjetivos atributivos na l?ngua inglesa em um texto da prova de final de semestre. O corpus ? constitu?do por 30 provas de duas turmas de uma institui??o de n?vel superior, da ?rea biom?dica, do segundo semestre de 2006, do n?vel b?sico e avan?ado. O texto da prova ? composto por 24 SNs de conte?do lexical diferente, num total de 27 SNs presentes no texto, totalizando 810 ocorr?ncias analisadas. Usamos como pressupostos te?ricos as gram?ticas tradicional (QUIRK et al, 1985) e funcionalista (CELSE-MURCIA et al, 1998; TUCKER, 1998), em seus aspectos sem?nticos, a Sem?ntica (FRAWLEY, 1992) e a Ling??stica Cognitiva (TAYLOR, 2003). Conclu?mos que as maiores dificuldades deveram-se ? falta de vocabul?rio, ao uso inadequado de estrat?gias da L?ngua Materna no lugar de se usar as estrat?gias descendentes de leitura para suprir esta falta. Observamos tamb?m que, mesmo quando se conhecia o vocabul?rio do SN, muitas vezes houve dificuldades em se perceber a rela??o sem?ntica e/ou sint?tica entre os modificadores e o n?cleo do SN acarretando inadequa??es de interpreta??o. Sugerimos melhorias para o ensino da leitura de textos em l?ngua inglesa nas universidades com base nos resultados obtidos, como um estudo mais detalhado das v?rias estruturas morfossint?ticas dos SNs com modificadores antepostos e suas conseq??ncias sem?nticas; uma abordagem conjunta dos aspectos morfol?gico, sint?tico e sem?ntico dos SNs com adjetivos atributivos na l?ngua inglesa e o uso das estrat?gias descendentes juntamente com as ascendentes ao se ler um SN na l?ngua inglesa
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Leandro, Di?go Cesar. "Escrita colaborativa com google docs: flash fiction, noticing e aprendizagem de ingl?s como L2." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/19924.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
O Google Docs (GD) ? um editor online de textos por meio do qual m?ltiplos autores podem trabalhar s?ncrona ou assincronamente em um mesmo documento, o que pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento da habilidade de escrita em ingl?s (WEISSHEIMER; SOARES, 2012). Ao escrever colaborativamente, os aprendizes t?m mais oportunidades para perceber as lacunas na sua produ??o escrita, visto que s?o expostos a mais insumo lingu?stico por parte dos colegas coautores (WEISSHEIMER; BERGSLEITHNER; LEANDRO, 2012), e priorizam o processo de (re)constru??o textual, em detrimento da preocupa??o com o produto final (i.e., o texto pronto) (LEANDRO; WEISSHEIMER; COOPER, 2013). Ademais, no processo de aprendizagem de uma segunda l?ngua (L2), a produ??o de linguagem propicia a consolida??o de conhecimentos existentes e a cria??o de novos conhecimentos (SWAIN, 1985; 1993). Levando isto em considera??o, o presente estudo, de natureza quasi-experimental (NUNAN, 1992) e abordagem mista (D?RNYEI, 2007), objetiva investigar o impacto da escrita colaborativa mediada pela ferramenta GD no desenvolvimento da habilidade de escrita em L?ngua Inglesa (LI) e na percep??o de erros sint?ticos ou noticing (SCHMIDT, 1990). Trinta e quatro licenciandos em Letras/Ingl?s integraram o estudo, sendo 25 no grupo experimental e nove no grupo controle. Ambos os grupos passaram por um pr?-teste e por um p?s-teste para que pud?ssemos medir o noticing de estruturas sint?ticas. Os participantes do grupo experimental foram expostos a uma experi?ncia de aprendizagem h?brida, a qual consistiu em aulas presenciais de leitura e produ??o escrita em LI e na escrita colaborativa de tr?s narrativas completas contadas em 100 palavras, denominadas flash fiction (FF), fora de sala de aula, online por meio do GD, durante 11 semanas. O grupo controle teve igualmente aulas presenciais de leitura e produ??o escrita em LI, por?m n?o praticou nenhum tipo de escrita colaborativa. Analisamos a primeira e a ?ltima narrativa produzida pelos participantes do grupo experimental a fim de medir a acur?cia gramatical, operacionalizada como a quantidade de erros gramaticais a cada 100 palavras (SOUSA, 2014) e a densidade lexical, operacionalizada como a rela??o entre o n?mero de palavras produzidas com propriedades lexicais e o n?mero de palavras produzidas com propriedades gramaticais (WEISSHEIMER, 2007; MEHNERT, 1998). Adicionalmente, os participantes do grupo experimental responderam a um question?rio online sobre a experi?ncia h?brida a qual foram expostos. Os resultados quantitativos mostram que os participantes passaram a produzir textos com mais densidade lexical ap?s 11 semanas de interven??o pedag?gica. J? os resultados quantitativos do noticing e da acur?cia gramatical foram contr?rios ao esperado, por?m nos fornecem insights sobre o modelo de teste, no caso do noticing, e sobre a atitude ? positiva ? dos participantes em rela??o ? escrita colaborativa de FF. Os resultados qualitativos evidenciam a utilidade da escrita colaborativa mediada por tecnologia no processo de aprendizagem de L2.
Google Docs (GD) is an online word processor with which multiple authors can work on the same document, in a synchronous or asynchronous manner, which can help develop the ability of writing in English (WEISSHEIMER; SOARES, 2012). As they write collaboratively, learners find more opportunities to notice the gaps in their written production, since they are exposed to more input from the fellow co-authors (WEISSHEIMER; BERGSLEITHNER; LEANDRO, 2012) and prioritize the process of text (re)construction instead of the concern with the final product, i.e., the final version of the text (LEANDRO; WEISSHEIMER; COOPER, 2013). Moreover, when it comes to second language (L2) learning, producing language enables the consolidation of existing knowledge as well as the internalization of new knowledge (SWAIN, 1985; 1993). Taking this into consideration, this mixed-method (D?RNYEI, 2007) quasi-experimental (NUNAN, 1999) study aims at investigating the impact of collaborative writing through GD on the development of the writing skill in English and on the noticing of syntactic structures (SCHMIDT, 1990). Thirtyfour university students of English integrated the cohort of the study: twenty-five were assigned to the experimental group and nine were assigned to the control group. All learners went through a pre-test and a post-test so that we could measure their noticing of syntactic structures. Learners in the experimental group were exposed to a blended learning experience, in which they took reading and writing classes at the university and collaboratively wrote three pieces of flash fiction (a complete story told in a hundred words), outside the classroom, online through GD, during eleven weeks. Learners in the control group took reading and writing classes at the university but did not practice collaborative writing. The first and last stories produced by the learners in the experimental group were analysed in terms of grammatical accuracy, operationalized as the number of grammar errors per hundred words (SOUSA, 2014), and lexical density, which refers to the relationship between the number of words produced with lexical properties and the number of words produced with grammatical properties (WEISSHEIMER, 2007; MEHNERT, 1998). Additionally, learners in the experimental group answered an online questionnaire on the blended learning experience they were exposed to. The quantitative results showed that the collaborative task led to the production of more lexically dense texts over the 11 weeks. The noticing and grammatical accuracy results were different from what we expected; however, they provide us with insights on measurement issues, in the case of noticing, and on the participants? positive attitude towards collaborative writing with flash fiction. The qualitative results also shed light on the usefulness of computer-mediated collaborative writing in L2 learning.
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Cavalcanti, Beatriz Alves Paulo. "Representa??es discentes sobre a afetividade nas aulas de ingl?s de uma escola t?cnica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16197.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-04This work has risen from the researcher s pedagogical practice at a technical school in Natal, and it aims to observ how affectiveness is noticed by the students in their English classes, since we can have an idea of technicist teaching, which foccus on the acquisition of technical abilities. As cognition and affectiveness are considered indivisible elements in this research, we tried to identify the linguistic signs that express the students representations about affectiveness in their English classes. We used the Systemic Functional Linguistics approach to study the Ideational metafunction of Halliday (1994), by means of the transitivity system, to show how the clauses are used to illustrate these representations, and the interpersonal metafunction, that deals with the relationship between the teacher and the students. We tried to identify the most common processes (HALLIDAY, 1994) mentioned by the 68 students who participated in this work. We used learning narratives (BARCELOS, 2006) submitted to Wordsmith Tools computing program (SCOTT, 2009), whose results indicate the most frequent lexical items found in their narratives. The lexical choices seem to indicate that affectiveness is noticed as a composing element of the English classes in that school. There are representations of interacting classes, where the students needs are considered. These representations are built in the relationship of the students and the teacher, and they are grammatically realized by means of the polarity adjunct no , the intensity adjunct very , and the nominal group the teacher . The relational and mental processes (be) and (like) are the most used in their narratives, and we also observe that affectiveness and disponibility to help the students are considered the most important attitudes in their representations. The Appraisal system is used to analise the choices related to the attitudes and judgement of the students, that show appreciation for interacting classes, but there is still authorithary berhavior from the teacher in the English classes
Esta pesquisa surgiuda pr?tica pedag?gica da pesquisadora em uma escola t?cnica, na cidade de Natal/RN, e tem por objetivo verificar como a afetividade ? percebidapelos alunosnas aulas de ingl?s, pois,a princ?pio, pode-se tera ideia de um ensino tecnicista, cujo foco ? o processo de aquisi??o de habilidades, nos cursos t?cnicos. Como neste trabalhocogni??o e afetividade s?o considerados elementos indissoci?veis,procuramos identificar as marcas lingu?sticas que expressam as representa??esconstru?das pelos alunos sobre a afetividade nessas aulas. Utilizamos a metafun??o ideacional de Halliday (1994),realizada pelo sistema de transitividade para ilustrarcomo as ora??es s?o utilizadas para realizar as representa??es e ametafun??o interpessoal, que trata das rela??es entre professor e aluno.Procuramosidentificar os processos (HALLIDAY, 1994) mais utilizados pelos 68 alunosparticipantes da pesquisa, de modo a estabelecer o lugarda afetividadeem suas representa??es.Utilizamos narrativas de aprendizagem (BARCELOS, 2006), submetidas ao programa computacional WordsmithTools (SCOTT, 2009), cujos resultados apontam os itens lexicais mais frequentes. As escolhas lexicais parecem sugerir que a afetividade ? percebidacomo elemento integrante das aulas de ingl?s dessa escola. H? representa??es de aulas interativas,nas quais as necessidades dos alunos s?o consideradas. Essas representa??es s?o constru?das no relacionamento do professor com os alunos, realizadas gramaticalmente pelo adjunto de polaridadenegativa n?o , adjunto de intensidade muito , e do grupo nominal o(a)professor (a) junto a um operador verbal. Os processos relacionais (ser e estar) e mentais (gostar) foram os mais utilizados em seus textos, e observamos que a afetividade e a disponibilidade em ajudar s?o elementos de articula??o de primeira ordem para eles. O sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005) foi utilizado para analisar as escolhas relacionadas ?s atitudes de julgamento e ao afeto feitas pelos alunos, que apontaram aprecia??o por aulas interativas e participativas,mas ainda h? posturas autorit?rias nas aulas
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Silva, Maria Valeska Rocha da. "A tradi??o do humor ingl?s em Mem?rias p?stumas de Br?s Cubas." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM, 2015. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21647.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar o conceito est?tico de humor subjacente ?s discuss?es travadas pela cr?tica liter?ria brasileira do s?culo XIX em torno de Mem?rias p?stumas (GUIMAR?ES, 2004), (ROMERO, 1897). No intento de atingi-lo, fez-se necess?rio percorrer dois caminhos: o primeiro deles, acompanhando o processo de estrutura??o do conceito de humor ingl?s at? sua manifesta??o em Tristram Shandy (KLIBANSKY, 1979); (WATT, 2010); o segundo, identificando as particularidades da manifesta??o do humor ingl?s em Mem?rias p?stumas e a din?mica alimentada pela cr?tica brasileira com a quest?o da identidade nacional (CANDIDO, .2012), (MAGALH?ES J?NIOR, 2008).
This paper aims to identify the aesthetic concept of humor underlying Brazilian 19th-century critical readings of Epitaph of a small winner, by Machado de Assis (GUIMAR?ES, 2004; ROMERO, 1897). First, we follow the structuring process of the concept of English humour from the Hippocratic theory of humors through Tristram Shandy, by Laurence Sterne (KLIBANSKY; PANOFSKY; SAXL, 1979; WATT, 2010). Finally, we analyze it in Epitaph of a small winner considering the concept of national identity in Brazilian literary milieu at the time (CANDIDO, 2012; MAGALH?ES J?NIOR, 2008).
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Ramalho, Heryz?nya Alves. "Aspectos da transitividade em textos argumentativos de alunos de ingl?s: um estudo sist?mico-funcional." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22365.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Este estudo qualiquantitativo se prop?e a analisar escolhas l?xico-gramaticais realizadas em 18 textos escritos do g?nero Discussion produzidos por nove alunos de um instituto de idiomas pertencente a uma universidade federal no nordeste do Brasil. Os textos foram gerados em uma turma de ingl?s n?vel IV e em uma turma de conversa??o em dois momentos no decorrer de 2015.2 e submetidos ? an?lise qualitativa por meio do sistema de transitividade proposto pela lingu?stica sist?mico-funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994; EGGINS, 2004; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014). Na an?lise quantitativa, utilizou-se a ferramenta Wordsmith Tools 5.0 (SCOTT, 2010) para identificar e quantificar os processos e os participantes das ora??es. Os resultados mostram que os processos mais usados na turma de n?vel IV foram is/are, like e have enquanto os processos mais recorrentes na turma de conversa??o foram is/are, think e do. Na primeira turma, o processo like sugere que os alunos concebem os assuntos tratados como quest?es de prefer?ncia pessoal enquanto, na segunda turma, o processo think revela a interpreta??o dos temas como quest?es de cren?as pessoais. Quanto aos participantes nas ora??es, as maiores recorr?ncias da turma de n?vel IV foram people, weekend, I e we, enquanto we, waste, problem, garbage, you e women foram mais recorrentes na turma de conversa??o. O uso recorrente de I na primeira turma mostra a estrat?gia dos alunos de se revelarem como autores a fim de expressarem sua opini?o. Por outro lado, na segunda turma, o uso de you consiste numa estrat?gia para chamar a aten??o do leitor diretamente. Tais resultados mostram que a identifica??o e a an?lise dos participantes e dos processos nas ora??es por meio da transitividade s?o feedback ?til para os alunos, seja na reescrita ou na produ??o de novos textos.
This qualiquantitative study analyzes lexicogrammatical choices realized in 18 written texts from the Discussion genre produced by nine students of a language institute at a federal university in Northeastern Brazil. The texts were generated in a Level IV English class and in a conversation class in two moments in 2015.2 and submitted to a qualitative analysis by using the transitivity system proposed by systemic-functional linguistics (HALLIDAY, 1994; EGGINS, 2004; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014). In the quantitative analysis, we used the Wordsmith Tools 5.0 (SCOTT, 2010) program to identify and quantify the processes and the participants of the clauses. The results show that the most frequent processes in the level IV class were is/are, like and have whereas the most frequent processes in the conversation class were is/are, think, and do. In the first class, the process like suggests that the students conceive the subjects in question as matters of personal preference while, in the second class, the process think reveals the interpretation of the themes as matters of personal beliefs. Regarding the participants in the clauses, the more frequent recurrences in the level IV class were people, weekend, I and we, while we, waste, problem, garbage, you and women were more recurrent in the conversation class. The recurrent use of I in the first class shows the strategy of the students in revealing themselves as authors to express their opinions. On the other hand, in the second class, the use of you consists of a strategy to call the reader?s attention directly. These results show that the identification and the analysis of participants and processes in the clauses by means of transitivity are useful feedback for the students when rewriting or producing new texts.
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Aquino, Letícia de Souza. "Pesquisas sociolinguísticas entre os Asuriní do Tocantins. Contribuição para o inventário nacional da diversidade linguística (INDL)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/9248.
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Esta dissertação trata de duas pesquisas sociolinguísticas (Pesquisa I e Pesquisa II) realizadas entre os Asuriní do Tocantins (PA), no âmbito do Projeto A LÍNGUA ASURINÍ DO TOCANTINS: UM PROJETO PILOTO PARA A METODOLOGIA GERAL DO INVENTÁRIO NACIONAL DA DIVERSIDADE LINGUÍSTICA, do Inventário Nacional da Diversidade Linguística (INDL)/MinC/IPHAN. O presente estudo segue a abordagem sobre línguas em situação de obsolescência, como as propostas por Dorian (1981), Thomason (2001a; 2001b) e Campbel e Muntzel (1989), as quais fundamentaram a estruturação da Pesquisa I, bem como adotou o instrumento organizado por Maher (2007), fundamentando-se em seus estudos (1996, 2008), na Pesquisa II; a proposta de Maher parte do pressuposto de que “identidade e repertório verbal relacionam-se com o contexto socio-histórico em que os indivíduos se inserem” (DELL HYMES, 1984). O objetivo deste estudo foi o de realizar um diagnóstico do grau de vitalidade da Língua Asuriní do Tocantins, da sua situação sociolinguística atual, com ênfase nas atitudes lingüísticas e anseios de seus falantes com respeito à sua língua ancestral. A expectativa é que esse diagnóstico possa contribuir para a formulação de metodologias do INDL, que por sua vez estimulará a criação de políticas públicas voltadas ao fortalecimento das línguas e culturas dos povos indígenas do Brasil. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This thesis is about two sociolinguistic researches (Research I and Research II), applied among the Asuriní do Tocantins, a Tupí indigenous group living in the State of Pará. The researches are a part of the Project LANGUAGE ASURINÍ DO TOCANTINS: A PILOT PROJECT FOR THE GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY OF NATIONAL LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, founded by the MinC/IPHAN under the National Inventory of Linguistic Diversity (INDL). As for Research I, this study adopts the approaches on obsolescent languages (cf. DORIAN, 1981; THOAMASON, 2001a, 2001b; CAMPBEL & MUNTZEL, 1989); Research II follows a survey organized by Maher (2008) and follows his studies about this subject (1996, 2008), whose view is that "verbal repertory and identity are deeply related to the socio-historical context of the individuals" (Dell Hymes, 1984). The aim of the present study is to make a diagnosis of the degree of vitality of the Asuriní do Tocantins language, the Asuriní people sociolinguistic situation and his attitude towards the future of his native language. This work shall contribute to the INDL, which in turn will stimulate language policies in behalf of the life and health of brasilian indian languages and cultures.
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Ketteniß, Nico [Verfasser]. "GaN-based heterostructure field effect transistors with ternary and quaternary InAl(Ga)N barrier layers / Nico Ketteniß." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038511054/34.
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Torres, Marcos Elsa Gladys. "Displasia broncopulmonar: Incidencia y factores de riesgo en recién nacidos pretérmino de muy bajo peso. INMP-2009." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9195.
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Determina la incidencia y factores de riesgo para displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) en recién nacidos (RN) pretérmino de muy bajo peso al nacer del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en el 2009. El estudio es retrospectivo, observacional, de corte longitudinal y analítico (estudio de casos y controles). Se estudió a todos los RN pretérnino de muy bajo peso al nacer a los cuales se les dividió en 2 grupos; Grupo 1 (casos), formado por los RN pretérnino de muy bajo peso al nacer con diagnóstico de DBP. Grupo 2 (control), formado por los RN pretérnino de muy bajo peso al nacer sin DBP. En ambos grupos se buscó la exposición a factores de riesgo prenatales, natales y postnatales. Se elaboró tablas de contingencia para buscar diferencias entre ambos grupos mediante el test de Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia de p ≤ 0,05. Posteriormente de calculó el Odds ratio y se efectuó regresión logística. Se estudiaron a 106 RN pretérmino de muy bajo peso al nacer. La DBP estuvo presente en 36 (34%), esta fue más frecuente a menor edad gestacional y menor peso de nacimiento. Los factores de riesgo encontrados fueron: 1) Edad gestacional menor a 28 semanas con OR de 7,7 (IC al 95% 1,2 – 25), 2) Peso de nacimiento menor a 1000 gramos con OR de 4,8 (IC al 95% de: 1,2 – 22), 3) Ventilación mecánica asistida con un OR de 40 (IC al 95% de 6,6 – 140) y 4) Persistencia del conducto arterioso con un OR de 4,6 )IC al 95% de 1,2 – 17,7). Se concluye que la incidencia de DBP en el INMP en el 2009 fue alta y la edad gestacional, peso de nacimiento, la ventilación mecánica y el persistencia del ductus arteriso fueron factores asociados.
Trabajo académico
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Obein, Thibault. "Caractérisation d'un microréacteur à film tombant et étude de la fluoration directe de l'anisole dans ce microréacteur." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_OBEIN_T.pdf.
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Ce travail est constitué de deux parties successives : la caractérisation du microréacteur à film tombant de l'Institut de Microtechnique de Mayenne (IMM) et l'étude de la fluoration directe de l'anisole dans ce microréacteur. La première partie de ce travail a pour objectif de présenter le microréacteur à film tombant et de le caractérisar. Ce microréacteur, disponible commercialement, fonctionne sur le principe du film tombant : le liquide s'écoule sur une paroi sous l'effet de la gravité, tandis que le gaz circule contre le film liquide. Les phases gazeuse et liquide y sont continues. Cette caractérisation est présentée les chipitres 1 à 4. Les caractéristiques du film gravitaire liquide, l'hydrodynamique de l'écoulement gazeux, le transfert de matière côté gaz et le trasfert de chaleur côté caloporteur y sont successivement abordés. Dans la deuxiième partie, une nouvelle installation de laboratoire centrée sur le microréacteur est mise en oeuvre. Elle permet l'étude apporfondie de la fluoration directe d'un composé aromatique, l'anisole, notamment l'influence des différentes conditions opératoires (température, débits, concentrations des réactifs). Elle permet aussi la détermination de la nature de la réaction (substitution électrophile ou radicalaire) et l'obtention éventuelle des lois cinétiques de la réaction. Cette étude indispensable au dimensionnement fiable d'un pilote semi-industriel à film tombant, première étape vers une industrialisation de la réaction. Cette étude est présentée les chapitres 5 à 7. Il en ressort que la réaction suit un mécanisme de substitution électrophile. Les expériences montrent une limitation de la cinétique apparente par le transfert de matière côté gaz. Les sélectivités obtenues en composés désirés (ortho- et para- fluoroanisoles) sont élevées. La faisabilitté de la fluoration directe et sélective de l'anisole semble donc être établie. D'autres expériences, mettant en jeu des débits et des concentrations plus élevés, sont proposées afin de se rapprocher des conditions d'une éventuelle production industrielle
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Mecuson, Jaspard Flore. "Oxydation des alliages d'aluminium aéronautiques par plasma électrolytique : caractérisation optique du procédé et étude des cinétiques de croissance des couches." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_MECUSON_F.pdf.
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L'oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO) ou oxydation micro-arcs (OMA) est un procédé propre permettant d'élaborer en une seule étape des couches d'oxyde d'aluminium épaisses et mécaniquement très intéressantes sur alliage d'aluminium. La caractérisation optique des décharges, (caméra vidéo rapide et spectroscopie d'émission optique), permet de mettre en évidence deux types de traitement, selon la forme du courant et en particulier du rapport des quantités de charges positives et négatives imposées au système. Les caractéristiques (morphologie, épaisseur, résistancece à la corrosion) et les cinétiques de croissance des couches élaborées sont étudiées et des mécanismes de croissance des différentes sous-couches sont proposées pour chaque type de traitement. A partir de mesures électriques, la modélisation électrique du système électrolyte/couche d'oxyde/substrat est abordée. Des critères permettant de réaliser des couches présentant les propriétés requises sont déduits de ces étudesPlasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) or micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a process through which aluminium oxide layer may be grown onto aluminium substrate. Optical characterization of discharges is carried out using fast video imaging and optical emission spectroscopy, allowing us to distinguish between two different kinds of treatment, depending on the current waveform zand especially on the ratio of positive to negative charge quantity applied to the systeme. The characteristics (morphology, thickness, corrosion resistance) and growth kinetics of the coatings are studied. Growth mechanisms for the different sublayers are proposed for each type of treatment. Electric measurements are carried out allowing us to propose an electric modelling of the system. From these studies, criteria are established that enable coatings with the required properties (in terms of thickness and corrosion resistance) to be grown
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Simonnet, Marie. "Étude expérimentale du mouvement de bulles en essaim : application à la simulation numérique de colonnes à bulles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_SIMONNET_M.pdf.
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L'objectif de déterminer l'effet de la densité de bulles sur la loi de traînée, une étude à la fois expérimentale et numérique a été menée. L'utilisation de la vélocimétrie laser Doppler et d'une double sonde optique dans une colonne à bulles a conduit à d'importants résultats sur la vitesse relative des bulles pour une dispersion eau pure/air. Il a notamment été mis en évidence une diminution de cette dernière avec le taux de vide local jusqu'à une valeur de 15 %, puis une augmentation au-delà. Ces évolutions sont le résultat d'une compétition entre différents phénomènes, tels que la gêne stérique, la turbulence et l'aspiration dans les sillages. Basée sur ces conclusions, une corrélation de traînée a été obtenue puis testée dans une approche de Mécanique des Fluides Numérique (MFN). L'intérêt de la corrélation a été démontrée, notamment pour la prédiction des régimes de fonctionnement de la colonne ainsi que pour une bonne description des profils de vitesse moyenne de liquideBoth experimental and numerical studies have been performed in aIder to highlight the influence of the bubbles density on the drag law. Important results concerning the relative velocity of bubbles in a swarm have been obtained thanks to laser Doppler velocimetry and optical probe measurements in a pure water / air bubble column. Ln particular, it has been shawn that the relative velocity decreases with the local void fraction up to a critical value of 15 % and increases beyond. These evolutions result from a competition between various phenomena, such as turbulence, hindrance and wake acceleration effects. Based on these conclusions, a drag correlation was obtained and tested in a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. The significance of the drag law formulation has been demonstrated, especially for the correct description of the transition between the flow regimes of a bubble column and for the accurate prediction of the liquid velocity profiles measured
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Houti-Lefay, Najat. "Étude de l'influence du mouvement et de la croissance des grains équiaxes sur la macroségrégation en coulée semi-continue d'aluminiumSimulation en ergonomie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_HOUTI_LEFAY_N.pdf.
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La prédiction des structures de solidification est d'un grand intérêt pour le fabriquant d'aluminium. Dans le cas du processus de coulée semi-continue de l'aluminium des phénomènes qui se produisent à différents échelles influencent la formation des macro et micro structures: germination, fragmentation, des branches de dendrites, croissance de grains et le mouvement des grains ainsi que leur histoire thermique à l'échelle microscopique. Dans le cadre du projet Vircarst, nous avons développé un modèle de croissance et de mouvement de groupe de grains en respectant le couplage entre les échelles micro et macro. Le mouvement et la croissance des grains sont calculés en utilisant les données d'entrées de l'extraction de la chaleur locale et des champs de vitesse calculés à partir de l'équation en 3D : de la chaleur, de conservation de la masse et de la quantité de mouvement en coulée semi-continue. Ce modèle prédit la distribution de la taille de grains, le DAS et la morphologie au plan de sortie de la coulée. A la fois le phénomène de l'inoculation et la fragmentation sont pris en compte, par une loi de germination dans le volume de la particule et par un flux régulier à travers la surface de la particuleThe prediction of the macro and microstructures obtained at the end of the solidification is of great interest for the manufacturer of aluminium. In the case of the aluminium DC casting process, phenomena occurring at different scales influence the formation of the macro and microstructures: inoculation, fragmentation of dendrite arms, and growth of the grains at a microscopic scale; motion of the grains and their thermal history at a macroscopic scale. A model of growth and motion of groups of grains has been developed in the frame of the VIRCAST project. This model is simplified with regards to the coupling between the macro and micro scales. The motion and the growth of the grains are calculated using as input data the local heat extraction and the velocity fields computed from a 3D computation of heat, mass and momentum transfers in a DC casting. This model predicts the distribution of grain size, secondary dendrite arm spacing and morphology at the outlet of the casting. Both inoculation and fragmentation phenomena are taken into account
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Bouillon-Camara, Anne-Laure. "Extrapolation du procédé de granulation humide en mélangeur haute vitesse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_BOUILLON_CAMARA_A_L.pdf.
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Peu d'outils théoriques sont actuellement disponibles pour étudier les changements d'échelle (intra- et extrapolation) dans le procédé de granulation humide en mélangeur rapide. Une approche consiste à s'appuyer sur des corrélations établies pour l'agitation des liquides. Dans ce cadre, les similitudes géométriques, cinématiques et dynamiques ont été étudiées, un nouveau système d'ajout du liquide de mouillage a été développé, une méthode de mesure de la consistance de la poudre humide a été élaborée. Enfin, une corrélation a été établie entre trois granulateurs MiPro Pro-C-epT sur deux formules différentes. Par ailleurs, un plan d'expérience a été réalisé afin de comprendre l'influence des différents paramètres opératoires selon la taille des appareils. Par suite le mécanisme de croissance a été étudié à petite échelle et a permis de comprendre quels sont les mécanismes qui intervenaient au cours de la granulation et qui pourraient correspondre à un mécanisme de broyage-enrobageControlling wet granulation process scale-up is still today a challenge due to the lack of tools which could describe quite accurately the mechanisms of granule growth in high shear mixers. The well-known approach consisting in characterizing a mixing process of liquid phases with non-dimensional numbers has therefore been applied to the granular medium in the high shear mixer to establish a correlation between MiPro Pro-C-epT mixers of 3 different scales. In that frame, a method to measure the consistency of the powder has been developed. In addition, the influence of key operating variables on the granule size distributions has been studied by using a D-optimal experimental plan. The results obtained allowed to conclude that phase transitions during granulation appear at constant liquid/powder ratio whatever the scale of the mixer. Finally, the granule growth kinetic has been determined in the small scale mixer and this allowed to characterize the granule growth mechanism in small scale mixer as being mainly driven by a fragmentation-layering process
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Sollier, Alexandra. "Étude et modélisation du procédé d'élaboration de résines acryliques dures par terpolymérisation du système styrène, [alpha]-méthylstyrène, acide acrylique en réacteur tubulaire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_SOLLIER_A.pdf.
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L'étude porte sur le procédé de synthèse des résines acryliques dures. La réaction mise en jeu est une terpolymérisation entre le styrène, l'[alpha]-méthylstyrène et l'acide acrylique amorcée par un peroxyde organique. Cette polymérisation se déroule en masse ou en solution dans un réacteur tubulaire à des températures comprises entre 200 °C et 260 °C, sous une pression de l'ordre de 20 bar et pour des temps de séjour inférieurs à 5 minutes. Une stratégie expérimentale a été définie afin de pouvoir étudier l'influence des principaux paramètres du procédé. Les résultats expérimentaux seront également utilisés lors de l'élaboration d'un modèle de tendance permettant de prédire les conversions partielles et globale ainsi que les propriétés des produits synthétisés. Les paramètres inconnus ont été identifiés par la technique des algorithmes génétiques. Ce modèle a ensuite été adapté pour simuler l'unité industrielle de fabrication des résines acryliques duresThe hard acrylic resins synthesis process has been studied. The chemical reaction, initiated by an organic peroxide, is a terpolymerization between styrene, [alpha]-methylstyrene and acrylic acid. The mass or solution polymerization is carried out in a tubular reactor at high temperature (between 200 °C and 260 °C) and with a pressure of 20 bar. Residence times in the reactor are smaller than 5 minutes. The first step of this work has been to define an experimental strategy in order to study the influence of the major operating parameters (residence time and oil temperature). The experimental results will also be used in the elaboration of a tendency model, which objective is to predict the conversions of each monomer and the product properties. The unknown parameters of this model have been identified using the genetic algorithm technique. Then, this model has been adapted for the simulation of the hard acrylic resin industrial production facility
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Thureau, Aurélien. "Analyse structurale par RMN des interactions de la MsrB de Neisseria meningitidis avec ses partenaires biologiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_THUREAU_A.pdf.
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L'exposition des protéines aux entités oxygénées actives entraîne la formation de méthionine sulfoxydes (MetSO). L'oxydation des protéines au niveau des méthionines peut conduire à des modifications conformationnelles et à une modulation de leur activité. Leur réduction en méthionines est catalysée par les méthionine sulfoxyde réductases (Msr). Elles peuvent avoir un rôle bénéfique dans la lutte contre le vieillissement mais également néfaste dans le cas de certaines bactéries pathogènes pour l'homme. Ces enzymes sont divisées en deux classes, MsrA et MsrB, structuralement différentes qui sont spécifiques de la configuration absolue du substrat. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude conformationnelle, par RMN, de la Msr de classe B de Neisseria meningitidis par RMN. L'objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser le mécanisme catalytique de la MsrB et de comprendre les liens qui existent entre la MsrB et ses partenaires (MetSO et la thiorédoxine). A partir de l'attribution de chacun des atomes 1H, 13C et 15N de la MsrB sous sa forme réduite, nous avons constaté que la structure prédite était en accord avec celle obtenue par cristallographie RX pour la MsrB de Nesseria gonorrhoeae. L'étude de l'interaction de la MsrB avec un substrat sulfoxyde montre que le site d'interaction n'est pas le seul à être perturbé par la fixation du substrat. Les deux intermédiaires qui se succèdent au cours de la réaction sont la MsrB sous forme acide sulfénique et celle possédant un pont disulfure. Leur étude montre une réorganisation structurale de la protéine lors de son oxydation. L'interaction spécifique de la Trx avec la MsrB oxydée conduit à la réduction de cette dernière qui retrouve sa structure 3D de départMethionine sulfoxides (MetSO) are easily formed in proteins exposed to reactive oxidative species commonly present in cells. Structural modification and modulation of their activity are the consequence of the oxidation of the protein methionines. Their reduction, back to methionines, is catalyzed by methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr). These enzymes play a beneficial role in aging process but are involve in the virulence of some bacteria. Msr's are divided in two classes, named MsrA and MsrB, which display opposite stereoselectivities toward the sulfoxide center site. In this PhD thesis, we present studies of the conformational changes of the Neisseria meningitidis MsrB by NMR with the purpose of characterising the catalytic mechanism of the MsrB and of understanding the interaction between MsrB and its partners (MetSO and thioredoxin). From the 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of the reduced from of MsrB, we conclude that the predicted secondary structures are in agreement with those obtained from the X-ray data of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae MsrB. Interaction studies of MsrB with a sulfoxyde substrat show that the active site is not the only one perturbed by the binding. The two next intermediates which are formed along the reaction are a MsrB which possesses a sulfenic acid and a MsrB with a locally specific disulfide bridge. Studies of these two intermediates reveal a structural change during the protein oxidation. Specific interaction between Trx and the oxidized MsrB leads to the reduction of the latter which recovers its starting 3D structure
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Rakotondranaivo, Auguste. "Contribution de la modélisation à l'évaluation des performances des organisations de santé : application au réseau régional de cancérologie Oncolor." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_RAKOTONDRANAIVO_A.pdf.
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Les organisations de santé sont complexes et en pleine restructuration. Les réseaux sont des modes organisationnels émergeants. Ils sont censés apporter des solutions aux reformes nécessaires en incitant les structures et les professionnels à travailler en commun, à partager des ressources et des compétences. Leur évaluation est une nécessité et une obligation mais pose des difficultés méthodologiques du fait du nombre et de la variété des acteurs et leurs interactions. Notre travail aborde l'évaluation des performances, au niveau global et local, en utilisant la modélisation ainsi que l'analyse fonctionnelle et dysfonctionnelle de type AMDEC. Nous avons réalisé une modélisation des activités et des décisions associées puis analysé les freins à leurs fonctionnements afin de proposer des pistes d'amélioration. Les freins et les solutions identifiés sont interdépendants. Ils ont été situés sur un modèle décisionnel. Notre terrain d'investigation concerne, en particulier, un réseau régional de cancérologie où nous avons étudié le processus d'élaboration, de diffusion et d'utilisation des référentiels de bonnes pratiquesHealth organizations are complex and in full restructuring. Networks are emergent organizational modes. They are supposed to bring solutions for the necessary reforms by encouraging structures and professionals to work together, to share resources and competences. Their evaluation is both a necessity and an obligation but raises methodological difficulties due to the number and variety of the actors and their interactions. Our study approaches performance evaluation, both global and local, by using modelling as well as functional and dysfunctional analysis FMECA type. We accomplished a modelling of activities and decisions linked, then we analysed obstacles to their functioning in order to put forward proposals for improvement. Obstacles and solutions identified are interdependent. They were incorporated in an organizational decision model. Particularly, our field of investigation concerns a regional oncology network where we studied the process of elaboration, diffusion and use of good practice guidelines
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Chinellato, Anne Cristine. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de polypropylène et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHINELLATO_A_C.pdf.
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Ce travail concerne l'élaboration de nanocomposites à base de polypropylène/montmorillonite organophile (PP/o-MMT). Son but premier a été d'étudier l'efficacité d'un PP greffé acide acrylique (PP-g-AA) en tant qu'agent compatibilisant pour promouvoir l'intercalation et/ou l'exfoliation de l'o-MMT dans le PP, d'une part ; et les structures et les propriétés des composites obtenus, d'autre part. Deux sortes de PP-g-AA contenant la même quantité d'acide acrylique (6 % poids) mais ayant des masses molaires différentes ont été utilisés. La quantité de l'o-MMT utilisée a été de 0, 1 ou 5 % en poids et le rapport PP-g-AA/o-MMT de 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 ou 5:1 en poids. Les analyses aux rayons-X et par microscopie électronique à transmission ont montré qu'en l'absence de PP-g-AA, la structure du PP/o-MMT était similaire à celle d'un microcomposite conventionnel. Par contre, l'adition de PP-g-AA a rendu possible la formation des nanocomposites intercalés. Par rapport au PP pur, les PP/o-MMT ont montré une augmentation de la stabilité thermique d'environ 40°C ainsi qu'une augmentation en module élastique d'environ 30%. Cependant, cette augmentation a toujours été accompagnée d'une diminution de la résistance au choc des nanocomposites. L'incorporation de l'o-MMT dans le PP a toujours permis de diminuer sa perméabilité au CO2 et l'addition du PP-g-AA a renforcé cet effet. Une diminution de 50% a été réalisée. Ces résultats ont permis de conclure que le PP-g-AA était un agent compatibilisant efficace pour promouvoir l'intercalation et/ou exfoliation de l'o-MMT dans le PP. Les deux PP-g-AA semblaient avoir une efficacité similaire. De manière générale, les composites contenant une plus grande quantité de PP-g-AA présentaient de meilleures propriétésThis work dealt with polypropylene/organically modified montmorillonite (PP/o-MMT) nanocomposites. The main objective was to study the efficiency of using an acrylic acid modified PP (PP-g-AA) as a compatibilizer to promote the intercalation and/or exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP, on the one hand; and the structures and properties of the resulting composites, on the other hand. Two kinds of PP-g-AA having the same acrylic acid content (6 wt. %) and differing in molar mass were used. The o-MMT content was 0, 1, or 5 wt. % and the PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio was 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 or 5:1. X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy showed that without PP-g-AA, the structure of the PP/o-MMT was like that of a conventional micro-composite. With PP-g-AA, the o-MMT was intercalated. Compared to the neat PP, the PP/o-MMT showed an increase in thermal stability of up to 40°C and 30% in elastic modulus. However this increase was concomitant to a decrease in impact strength as the compatibilizer/montmorilonite mass ratio increased. Incorporation of the o-MMT in the PP always led to a decrease in CO2 permeability and the degree of decrease was more significant for compatibilized PP/o-MMT composites (better intercalation/exfoliation) reaching up to 50% with respect to the virgin PP. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the PP-g-AA was efficient to promote the intercalation/exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP. However, there seemed no significant differences between the two PP-g-AA compatibilizers. Overall, for both PP-g-AA, better properties were obtained for higher PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio
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Philipp, Patrick. "Analyses quantitatives par SIMS dans le mode secondaire négatif." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_PHILIPP_P.pdf.
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La spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires (SIMS) présente de nombreux avantages comme une bonne sensibilité et une excellente résolution en masse, mais elle connaît également un gros inconvénient : l'effet de matrice. La probabilité d'ionisation des ions secondaires analysés dépend de la composition de l'échantillon et la quantification est seulement possible si la composition est connue. Afin de contourner ce problème, la CMS (Cation Mass Spectrometer) a été développée au laboratoire. Pour les ions secondaires négatifs, l'installation d'un évaporateur de césium neutre Cs° permet de garantir un bon contrôle de la concentration surfacique en Cs. Lors de cette thèse, le contournement de l'effet de matrice, respectivement le gain en sensibilité ont été étudiés à l'aide de différents échantillons. Ces échantillons ont été soumis au bombardement Xy+ et au dépôt simultané de Cs°. Ainsi, l'effet de la concentration en Cs sur la formation des ions secondaires a pu être étudié. De plus, les variations du rendement utile et du travail de sortie électronique en fonction de la concentration en Cs ont permis de vérifier la validité du modèle à effet tunnel électronique. En parallèle, le dépôt de césium (résultats de la littérature) a pu être comparé au dépôt de césium neutre avec irradiation ionique simultanée (résultats expérimentaux). L'utilité de la technique développée est montrée à l'aide de plusieurs applicationsSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry presents many advantages like high sensitivity and excellent mass resolution, but also a major deficiency which is the lack of quantification due to the matrix effect: the ionization probability of secondary ions depends on the sample composition such that quantification is only possible for a known surface composition. To overcome this problem the Cation Mass Spectrometer has been developed in our laboratory. This instrument is equipped with a neutral cesium Cs° evaporator to enable an excellent Cs surface concentration control over the whole range and increase the negative secondary ion ionization probability. In this PhD work, avoiding the matrix effect, respectively increasing the analysis sensitivity are studied by Xy+ bombardment and simultaneous Cs° deposition on different substrates and for various bombardment conditions. In that way the influence of the Cs surface concentration on negative ion formation can be clarified. What's more, useful yield and electron work function variations with respect to Cs surface concentrations allow to discuss the validity of the electron tunneling model and to compare Cs° deposition alone (results from literature) to Cs° deposition with simultaneous ion irradiation (experimental results). The usefulness of the developed technique is shown by several applications
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Soller, Aude. "Refusion à l'arc sous vide du superalliage 718 : modélisation du procédé et étude de la formation des "white spots"." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_SOLLER_A.pdf.
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Certains défauts fort préjudiciables appelés " white spots " peuvent se former lors de la refusion de l'alliage 718. Appauvris en éléments d'alliage, ils proviennent probablement de la chute de précurseurs solides dans le puits liquide. Tout d'abord, un modèle simulant la refusion, basé sur le logiciel SOLAR, a été adapté au cas de l'alliage 718 et validé en comparant les résultats de simulations avec les observations réalisées sur un lingot refondu. La caractérisation d'électrodes et de lingots a permis de montrer que des dendrites de taille importante, présentes dans l'électrode, peuvent être à l'origine de white spots dendritiques. Cette étude apporte également une détermination quantitative des principales caractéristiques des trois sources de précurseurs de white spots discrets (bourrelet de l'électrode, " shelf " et collerette) en termes de structure, de composition et de taille. Des expériences dites de " trempage " de précurseurs synthétiques de white spots discrets permettent de mesurer directement la cinétique de leur fusion. Ces résultats valident qualitativement un modèle numérique décrivant le processus de fusion/solidification d'une particule sphérique dans un bain liquide métallique. Enfin, le comportement d'un précurseur de white spot discret dans le puits liquide d'un lingot VAR est déterminé en couplant le modèle de changement de phases au calcul de la trajectoire du précurseur. Le comportement hydrodynamique et thermique du puits est calculé par SOLAR et les caractéristiques des origines potentielles de précurseurs sont prises en compte comme données d'entrée. Le modèle global détermine ainsi pour chaque origine la taille initiale critique d'un précurseur conduisant à la formation d'un white spot. Cette étude permet de conclure que la probabilité de former des défauts à partir de précurseurs provenant de l'électrode est assez faible, tandis que la " shelf " et la collerette sont probablement des sources importantes de white spots discretsSome very detrimental defects, called white spots, can form during the remelting of Alloy 718. Depleted in alloying elements, they are supposed to be generated by the fall of solid metallic precursors in the liquid pool. In a first step, a model aimed to simulate the remelting process, based on the SOLAR software, has been adapted to the remelting of Alloy 718, then validated by comparison between the simulation results and experimental observations of a remelted ingot. The characterization of electrodes and ingots has shown that large dendrites in the electrode could be the origin of dendritic white spots. This study also determines quantitatively the main characteristics of the three possible sources of discrete white spot precursors (electrode torus, shelf and crown) in terms of structure, composition and size. “Dipping” experiments of synthetic discrete white spots precursors allow a direct measurement of their melting kinetics. These results qualitatively validate a numerical model which describes the melting/solidification process of a spherical particle immerged in a liquid metal bath. Last, the behaviour of a discrete white spot in the liquid pool of a VAR ingot is determined through coupling the phase change model to a calculation of the precursor trajectory. The hydrodynamic and thermal behaviour of the liquid pool is calculated by SOLAR and the characteristics of each of the potential precursor origins are taken into account as input data. The overall model computes, for each origin, a precursor critical size leading to the formation of a white spot
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Al, Haj Khaled Raouda. "L' évaluation des caractéristiques agronomiques d'espèces prairiales par leurs traits de vie comme étape préalable au diagnostic des communautés à flore complexe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_AL_HAJ_KHALED_R.pdf.
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Le conseil technique pour la gestion des prairies semi naturelles se heurte depuis longtemps à la difficulté de mise en œuvre des méthodes de diagnostic génériques basées sur l'étude floristique de la végétation. Très consommatrices en temps, nécessitant une bonne connaissance en botanique et difficilement généralisables, ces méthodes sont de fait peu appliquées par les conseillers agricoles. Une méthode alternative, basée sur l'identification de groupes fonctionnels d'espèces présentes dans la prairie, permet une lecture différente de la végétation sans faire appel à une reconnaissance botanique exhaustive. Les groupes fonctionnels constitués sont qualifiés de réponse ou d'effet selon qu'ils sont établis en fonction de la réponse des espèces aux variations de facteurs du milieu ou de leur effet sur le fonctionnement de l'écosystème prairial. Des traits foliaires tels que la surface spécifique foliaire (SSF), la teneur en matière sèche (TMS), et la durée de vie des feuilles (DVF) ont été proposés pour classer les espèces selon leur stratégie de croissance, notamment en fonction de la disponibilité en éléments minéraux. Cependant, leur relation avec les caractéristiques agronomiques définissant la valeur d'usage des communautés n'a pas été étudiée. L'application d'une telle démarche aux végétations complexes nécessite en préalable une étude approfondie au niveau des espèces. L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer la pertinence des traits (particulièrement les traits foliaires) pour classer les espèces selon leur stade de développement phénologique, leur valeur nutritive et leur croissance. Dans ce but, une collection de 37 espèces (21 graminées et 16 dicotylédones dont 3 légumineuses) a été mise en place sur le site d'Auzeville, Centre de Recherche du Toulouse. Ces espèces ont été semées en monoculture dans des minis parcelles disposées en blocs aléatoires avec trois répétitions et deux niveaux d'azote (limitant et non limitant pour la croissance). Elles n'ont subi aucune limitation en phosphore, potassium et eau. L'étude menée sur les traits foliaires a montré que les valeurs de TMS et SSF varient selon les périodes de mesures. Ces mêmes traits et la DVF varient en réponse à la disponibilité en azote. La TMS distingue très significativement les graminées des dicotylédones en rosettes, contrairement à la SSF et à la DVF. Malgré cette variabilité temporelle et cette plasticité en réponse à l'N dans les valeurs des traits, le classement des espèces est resté conservé. Ces observations ont été confirmées lorsque l'analyse a été conduite sur les seules graminées. Les données permettent de classer les espèces, notamment les graminées, pour chacun des trois traits foliaires caractérisant les stratégies de croissance. En ce qui concerne la phénologie des espèces, nous avons trouvé que le classement établi par la TMS a été assez proche de celui établi pour la date de floraison et celle de début de maturation des graines et que cette corrélation était particulièrement élevée au stade de début d'allongement de tige chez les graminées. L'étude de la croissance comparée des graminées en conditions non limitantes a confirmé une efficience de conversion du rayonnement solaire significativement plus élevée des espèces ayant une stratégie de capture. En outre, ces mêmes espèces montrent une mise en place plus précoce de l'indice foliaire, ont des valeurs supérieures de digestibilité de la matière organique, des teneurs inférieures en fibres et ses composantes, une DVF courte et une phénologie précoce. En discussion, nous émettons l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'extension de cette approche spécifique au niveau de la communauté est possible. La seule connaissance de la TMS des graminées qui la composent devrait alors nous renseigner sur sa phénologie, sa croissance et sa valeur nutritive. Dans l'état présent de la recherche, le classement des espèces selon leur stratégie de croissance (constitution et utilisation d'une base de données), ou bien la mesure des traits foliaires in situ pourrait être un outil simple permettant de classer les communautés prairiales selon leur valeur d'usage, outre selon leur position dans un gradient écologiqueTechnical advising in management of native meadows deal for a long time with the difficulty of stake in work of the generic methods of diagnosis based on the floristic study of plant communities. Time consuming and needing botanical expertise these methods are actually little applied by the farming consultants. An alternative method, based on the identification of dominant plant functional types (TFPs) in the meadow, allows a simple reading and diagnosis of the vegetation without appealing to botanic skills. TFPs can be define response or effect groups of species established according respectively to the response of the species towards gradients of environment factors or to their effect on the productive or environmental functions of the meadow ecosystem. Leaf traits such as Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC) and Leaf Life Span (LLS) have been proposed to identify the growth strategy of species, principally according to their use of soil available nutrients. However, their relation with the agronomic characteristics defining the value of use of the communities has not been studied. The application of this approach to riche species communities requires a preliminary study at the species level. The objective of this work is to asses the relevance of the plant traits (particularly the leaf traits) to classify the species according to their phenology, their nutritive value and their growth. In this purpose, at the INRA research centre of Auzeville, Toulouse mini plots of pure stands of 37 species (21 grasses and 16 dicotyledonous which 3 legumes) were sowed in a 3 replicates split-split plot design in which the species and the level of N availability were respectively the principal and the secondary factors. N treatments were considered as levels of N availability limiting or not limiting the grass growth. Levels of phosphorous, potassium and water were not limiting during the experimental time. Contrarily to SLA and LLS, the LDMC allows separating grasses from the others species. Values of LDMC and SLA vary according to the periods of measures. These same traits and the LLS vary in response to the availability in nitrogen. In spite of the temporal variability and the plasticity of trait values in response to N availability, the rank of the species remained similar for every of three leaf traits characterizing the strategies of growth. These observations were also observed when the analysis was only done on the grass populations. As regards the phenology of the species, the classification established by the LDMC was closer to that established by the flowering stage, the seed ripening stage and principally the start of the stem elongation. The comparative study of grass growth under not limiting conditions confirmed an efficiency of conversion of the radiation significantly higher in species having a resource capture strategy. These species show an earlier development of the leaf area index, higher values of the digestibility of the organic matter, lower contents in fibbers and its components, shorter LLS and an earlier phenology. A discussion on the possibility to extent this specific approach at the level of the community is done. The only knowledge of the LDMC of grasses populations (measured or provided by a traits data-base) inform about the phenology, the growth and the nutritive value of the community an it could be used to asses meadow and grassland value of uses
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Dejardin, Nicolas. "Commande prédictive du lit mobile simulé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_DEJARDIN_N.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Le lit mobile simulé est un procédé largement utilisé dans une grande diversité de secteurs de l'industrie chimique, pétrochimique, agro-alimentaire et de plus en plus pharmaceutique. Ce procédé repose sur une séparation chromatographique mais son caractère continu a imposé un fonctionnement hybride, marqué par l'absence de régime permanent lié aux commutations cycliques de vannes et par un domaine opératoire restreint. Il s'ensuit une modélisation et une commande relativement compliquées. Le document dresse dans un premier temps une revue sur la chromatographie qui permettra ensuite la mise en place de la modélisation et de la simulation des procédés de lit mobile vrai et simulé. La commande prédictive est fréquemment utilisée pour les procédés multivariables et en particulier pour ce type de procédé. Après une revue générale de la commande prédictive, cette dernière est appliquée sur les lits mobiles vrai et simulé en intégrant la gestion de contraintes dures sur les caractéristiques techniques du procédé (débits) ainsi que la gestion de contraintes douces sur des paramètres économiques (consommation d'éluant)The Simulated Moving Bed Process is widely used in many sectors of the chemical, petrochemical, food and pharmaceutical industry. It lies on a chromatographic separation however its continuous character imposed a hybrid behavior, marked by the absence of steady state related to the cyclic switching of the valves and by a narrow operating domain. It results a delicate modeling and a complex and challenging control. In a first part, the manuscript offers a review on chromatography which later leads to modeling and simulation of true and simulated moving beds. Model predictive control is frequently used for multivariable processes and in particular for this type of process. After a general review of model predictive control, this latter is applied on the true and simulated moving beds with consideration of hard constraints for technical parameters of the process like flow rates and soft constraints for economical criteria such as eluent consumption
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Abächerli, Roger. "Restauration et analyse de l'électrocardiogramme acquis pendant les examens d'imagerie par résonance magnétique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_ABACHERLI_R.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
L'électrocardiogramme (ECG) est utilisé en imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) pour le monitorage du patient et pour la synchronisation des séquences d'images. L'environnement de l'IRM (champ magnétique, gradients du champ magnétique temporels et ondes radiofréquence) complique la mesure de l'ECG et nécessite des développements spécifiques pour l'exploitation de ce signal. Dans la première partie, la thèse analyse les aspects de l'interférence de l'IRM sur l'ECG et réciproquement. Cette partie conclut par un modèle physique des interférences entre l'IRM et l'ECG. Grâce à ce modèle, on a pu construire un capteur ECG mieux adapté à l'environnement IRM. Dans la deuxième partie, la suppression des artefacts se superposant à l'ECG par logiciel est discutée. Un modèle mathématique est proposé qui servira de base à la suppression de ces artefacts. Le modèle linéaire et invariant dans le temps pour la génération des artefacts dus aux gradients IRM est vérifié et validé. Des méthodes de test pour la vérification des algorithmes de restauration de l'ECG sont définies. Des méthodes par FFT, par spectre de puissance croisé, par filtrage de Wiener et par la méthode des moindres carrés sont étudiées pour la restauration en temps différé du signal ECG. Le filtrage par Wiener s'est avéré optimal. Dans la troisième partie, une deuxième catégorie d'algorithmes est ensuite testée dans le cas de la restauration en temps réel. Les filtres adaptatifs LMS, RLS et leurs variantes sont analysés. Dans la synthèse de la thèse, le filtrage de Wiener est utilisé pour l'annotation manuel plus facile des ECG artefactés. Le filtre LMS ainsi qu'une module de détection QRS et classification des battements sont appliqués à une base de donnée d'ECG annoté pour montrer l'efficacité de la suppression en temps réel des artefacts dus aux gradients de champ magnétiqueThe electrocardiogram (ECG) is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patient monitoring and for synchronization of the MR images. The environment of MRI (magnetic field, magnetic field gradients and radiofrequency waves) complicates the acquisition of the ECG and needs specific developments. In the first part, the thesis analyses the interferences of the MRI on the ECG and vice versa. This part concludes with a physical model of the interferences between MRI and ECG. Thanks to this model an ECG sensor that is better adapted to the MRI environment has been constructed. In the second part, artefact suppression superposing the ECG signal by software is discussed. A mathematical model is proposed as base for the artefact suppression. The linear and time invariant model (LTI) of the gradient artefact generation is verified and validated. The test methods for the verification of restoration algorithms of the ECG are defined. For offline restoration, the method by FFT, by cross-power spectrum, Wiener filtering and least squares are studied. In the third part, a second category of algorithms is tested in case of online restoration. The LMS and RLS filters and their subtypes are analysed. In the summary, the Wiener filter is used for easier manual annotation of artefacted ECG. The LMS filter as well as a QRS detection and beat classification module are applied to a annotated ECG database in order to show the real-time suppression efficiency of the artefacts due to magnetic field gradient artefacts
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Srour, Ghassan. "Amélioration durable de l'élevage des petits ruminants au Liban." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_SROUR_G.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Une enquête menée auprès de 129 éleveurs de petits ruminants (représentant 5% du cheptel national) répartis sur tout le territoire libanais a permis, à l'aide d'une classification hiérarchique, d'identifier cinq systèmes d'élevage: i)- Zéro-pâturage (troupeaux de 15 à 95 têtes de caprins de race étrangère) très gourmand en intrants; ii)- Sédentaire (100 à 400 têtes) pâturant sur des parcours communaux ou privés aux alentours des villages; iii)- Transhumance Verticale (majoritairement caprins de race locale " Baladi ") se déplaçant en montagne de faible à haute altitude selon la saison; iv)- Transhumance Horizontale (troupeaux mixtes ovins et caprins) se déplaçant en région de plaine (de 100 à 150 Km); et v)- Semi-Nomade (troupeaux > 400 têtes) se déplaçant avec leur famille sur 200 à 300 Km. L'évaluation de la durabilité a été exécutée à l'aide d'un outil dérivé de la méthode IDEA qui évalue les trois composantes agro-écologique, socio-territoriale et économique de la durabilité. L'analyse multivariée des 39 indicateurs a permis de montrer que les systèmes ayant un potentiel diversifié (présence d'animaux et de végétaux), notamment sédentaire et transhumance horizontale, ont un score élevé de durabilité et que la vente directe des produits au consommateur permet d'améliorer la durabilité économique des systèmes transhumance verticale et zéro-pâturage. Les voies d'amélioration de cet élevage passent par la réhabilitation des parcours, l'amélioration de la productivité des races locales, et la mise en place d'une AOC ou d'un label permettant la protection des produits typiques sur le marché. L'historique sur dix années et la trajectoire de la durabilité des systèmes ont été analysés sur 60 de ces exploitations. Ce travail a permis d'hiérarchiser les exploitations selon leur degré de durabilité et de proposer des pistes de progrèsA survey carried out on 129 small ruminant farming systems (accounting for 5% of the national livestock) all over the Lebanese territory identified through a cluster analysis five different systems: (i) Zero-Grazing (15 to 95 head flocks of foreign goat breeds), with high inputs; (ii) Sedentary (100-400 head), grazing on communal or private rangelands around the village; (iii) Vertical Transhumance (mainly Baladi goat flocks), moving from low to high altitude depending on season; (iv) Horizontal Transhumance (mixed goat and sheep flocks), moving from 100 to 150 km in the plain; (v) Semi-Nomadic (flocks > 400 head), moving with all their family over 200 to 300 km. Farms sustainability assessment was carried out using a tool built on the IDEA method, which covers agro-ecological, socio-territorial and economical dimensions of sustainability. The multivariate statistical analysis of the 39 indicators showed that systems with diversified potential (presence of animals and plants), specially sedentary and horizontal transhumance, have high scores of sustainability and that economical return was higher in the vertical transhumance and zero-grazing systems in which dairy products are sold directly to the consumers. Improvement of these systems in Lebanon depends on the rehabilitation of rangelands, the improvement of the productivity of the local breeds, and the protection of the typical products on the market through labelling schemes. The history over ten years and the sustainability's trajectory was carried using 60 of these farms. This work typifies farms according to their sustainability and proposes tracks for progress