Dissertations / Theses: 'Inland waters'

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Quibell, G. E. "Remote sensing of algae in inland southern African waters." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005440.

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Routine monitoring of algae in inland waters in southern Africa is a critical element in assessing the efficacy of eutrophication management options. Several authors have indicated that single point samples are not necessarily representative of conditions throughout the water body and some have suggested remote sensing as a means of overcoming this problem. Remote sensing of algae normally involves deriving the empirical relationship between radiance detected at a sensor, and contact sensed chlorophyll concentrations. Quantification of, or compensation for, contributions to the upwelling radiance other than that light reflected by the algae is critical for this approach. In southern Africa these contributions arise primarily from atmospheric effects and from scattering by sediments in the water. A review of the atmospheric correction models suggested that a cosine sun angle correction followed by dark pixel subtraction is the most feasible method to compensate for the former effects. Studies of the changes in upwelling radiance induced by addition of sediment to algal cultures indicated that subtraction of reflectance at ≈665nm from that at ≈700nm, may provide a means of compensating for the scattering by sediments. The disadvantage of this approach is that few sensor systems have narrow spectral bands centred at these wavelengths. Investigations of the nature of the reflectance from 5 algal species indicated that all had similar reflectance spectra, but the blue-green genera had a smaller peak at ≈650nm. Chlorophyll absorption at ≈665nm was evident by lower reflectance at this point, but the alga Microcystis sp. did not conform to the conceptual model of reflectance, in that reflectance at 665nm was higher at increased cell density. Spectra of natural waters confirmed the results obtained in the laboratory. Reflectance at ≈700nm showed the largest changes with increasing chlorophyll concentration and also had the highest correlations to chlorophyll concentrations. However, due to the strong absorption of these wavelengths by water, this reflectance peak only occurred when sufficient cells were found in the upper layers of water. Use of these wavelengths in remote sensing models should therefore be restricted to highly eutrophied waters. Although the reflectance spectra of different algae were similar, the amount of light scattered by each species (measured as turbidity) differed for any given chlorophyll concentration. This appeared to be due to the colonial nature of the cells and means that empirical models will be unique to the species on which they were developed. Comparisons of multispectral photography (MSP) and LANDSAT MSS imagery indicated the MSP data had higher correlations with chlorophyll concentrations than did the MSS data. Chlorophyll simulations from a test set of data using ordinary multiple regression showed that the MSP imagery had mean errors of 7.3M9/I, while that for the MSS imagery was 7.4M9/I. Similar tests using the canonical procedure produced larger mean errors of 9M9/I and 12M9/I for the MSP and MSS data respectively. This was due to the fact that the canonical procedure is not suitable for the spectral band widths of these sensors. In spite of similar simulation accuracies, the MSS imagery produced very patchy synoptic views. This was due to the lower variance (radiometric resolution) in the LANDSAT MSS data. This appears to be the most important criterion for accurate chlorophyll mapping in inland waters. Development of a single multidate algorithm for southern Africa is not yet feasible, and routine monitoring of chlorophyll using these techniques is impractical. However acceptable chlorophyll maps are possible if the model is recalibrated for each occasion and the sensor used has a high radiometric resolution.

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Klaus, Marcus. "Land use effects on greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134767.

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Anthropogenic activities perturb the global carbon and nitrogen cycle with large implications for the earth’s climate. Land use activities deliver excess carbon and nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. In the boreal biome, this is mainly due to forestry and atmospheric deposition. Yet, impacts of these anthropogenically mediated inputs of carbon and nitrogen on the processing and emissions of greenhouse gases from recipient streams and lakes are largely unknown. Understanding the ecosystem-scale response of aquatic greenhouse gas cycling to land use activities is critical to better predict anthropogenic effects on the global climate system and design more efficient climate change mitigation measures. This thesis assesses the effects of forest clearcutting and nitrate enrichment on greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters. It also advances methods to quantify sources and sinks of these emissions. Short-term clearcut and nitrate enrichment effects were assessed using two whole-ecosystem experiments, carried out over four years in nine headwater catchments in boreal Sweden. In these experiments, I measured or modeled air-water fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), combining concentration, ebullition and gas-transfer velocity measurements in groundwater, streams and lakes. By using Swedish national monitoring data, I also assessed broad-scale effects of forest clearcutting by relating CO2 concentrations in 439 forest lakes to the areal proportion of catchment forest clearcuts. To improve quantifications of CO2 sources and sinks in lakes, I analyzed time series of oxygen concentrations and water temperature in five lakes on conditions under which whole-lake metabolism estimates can be inferred from oxygen dynamics given the perturbing influence of atmospheric exchange, mixing and internal waves. The experiments revealed that aquatic greenhouse gas emissions did not respond to nitrate addition or forest clearcutting. Importantly, riparian zones likely buffered clearcut-induced increases in groundwater CO2 and CH4 concentrations. Experimental results were confirmed by monitoring data showing no relationship between CO2 patterns across Swedish lakes and clearcut gradients. Yet, conclusions on internal vs. external CO2 controls largely depended on whether spatially or temporally resolved data was used. Partitioning CO2 sources and sinks in lakes using time series of oxygen was greatly challenged by physical transport and mixing processes. Conclusively, ongoing land use activities in the boreal zone are unlikely to have major effect on headwater greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, system- and scale specific effects cannot be excluded. To reveal these effects, there is a large need of improved methods and design of monitoring programs that account for the large spatial and temporal variability in greenhouse gas dynamics and its controls by abiotic and biotic factors.

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Poonlapthawee, Sirirat. "Gene expression and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from Swedish inland waters." Licentiate thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28741.

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Extensive use of antibiotics both from human-medicine and veterinary sources are believed to provide selective pressure on bacteria that leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance in environmental waters. Contamination of antibiotic resistant microbes will raise human health risks. Escherichia coli are Gram negative bacilli that belong to the coliform group. E. coli are used as fecal indicators organism (FIO) to determine microbial contamination and water quality. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in Swedish inland waters and determine the response of uropathogenic E. coli to the environmental waters. Samples were collected in different locations near Örebro Sweden at 4 different time points during 2010-2011. Waters were filtered and FIO were isolated using selective medium. The highest numbers of FIO were detected for both E. coli and enterococci in the river Svartån near the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Over the two years, 42% and 24% of the antibiotic resistant strains were multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli and enterococci, respectively. In addition, 15% of MDR E. coli were extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing and AmpC overproducing strains. A vancomycin resistant E. faecium was also identified. Tetracycline resistance was the most common in FIO isolates. Our study suggests that WWTP distributed FIO and antibiotic resistant bacteria. In a second study we analyzed for the presence of various pharmaceutical residues from lake Mälaren in Västerås Sweden. Some pharmaceutical compounds were present at detectable levels but were removed by the drinking water treatment plant. Quantitative PCR was performed to investigate the effects on genes focused on antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and stress response. Forty one-gene array was developed and tested using tetracycline treatment or environmental water. No significant difference was found when compared to controls in the gene expression profile of bacteria grown in medium prepared with sub-MIC of tetracycline or environmental waters. We concluded that the pharmaceutical levels detected did not exert any significant effects on the E. coli strain tested. From this study, we conclude that MDR bacteria may actually persist in environmental waters in what is considered as a clean urban region. Pharmaceutical pollutants in the inland water did not exert a significant effect on the E. coli, suggesting that MDR strains are released in the effluent of the WWTP rather than induced through selective pressure by the pharmaceuticals contamination.

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Harries, Julie Elizabeth. "A study of the extent of estrogenic contamination of English inland waters." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336703.

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Lundin, Erik. "The role of inland waters in the carbon cycle at high latitudes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-84541.

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Understanding the drivers of climate change requires knowledge about the global carbon (C) cycle. Although inland waters play an important role in the C cycle by emitting and burying C, streams and lakes are in general overlooked in bottom-up approached C budgets. In this thesis I estimated emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from all lakes and streams in a 15 km2 subarctic catchment in northern Sweden, and put it in relation to the total catchment C exchange. I show that high-latitude aquatic systems in general and streams in particular are hotspots for C emission to the atmosphere. Annually, the aquatic systems surveyed in this study emitted about 10.8 ± 4.9 g C m-2 yr-1 (ca. 98 % as CO2) which is more than double the amount of the C laterally exported from the catchment. Although the streams only covered about 4% of the total aquatic area they emitted ca. 95% of the total aquatic C emission. For lake emissions, the ice break-ups were the most important annual events, counting for ca. 45% of the emissions. Overall, streams dominated the aquatic CO2 emission in the catchment while lakes dominated CH4 emission, 96 % and 62 % of the totals, respectively. When summing terrestrial and aquatic C fluxes together it showed that the aquatic emissions alone account for approximately two thirds of the total annual catchment C loss. The consequence of not including inland waters in bottom-up derived C budgets is therefore a risk of overestimating the sink capacity of the subarctic landscape. However, aquatic systems can also act as C sinks, by accumulating C in sediment and thereby storing C over geological time frames. Sediment C burial rates were estimated in six lakes from a chronology based on 210Pb dating of multiple sediment cores. The burial rate ranged between 5 - 25 g C m-2 yr-1, which is of the same magnitude as lake C emissions. I show that the emission:burial ratio is about ten times higher in boreal compared to in subarctic-arctic lakes. These results indicate that the balance between lakes C emission and burial is both directly and indirectly dependent on climate. This process will likely result in a future increase of C emissions from high-latitude lakes, while the C burial capacity of these same lakes sediments weaken.

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Carmo, Alisson Fernando Coelho do. "Three-dimensional modeling of inland waters optical properties from aerial hyperspectral images /." Presidente Prudente, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191338.

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Orientador: Nilton Nobuhiro Imai
Abstract: The acquisition of data using Remote Sensing and in-situ sampling allows several data sources to be integrated for the analysis and observations of environmental characteristics and may require computational methods to support the data processing, exploration and analysis. The need to integrate data from different sources is highlighted in studies of dynamic and complex environments that frequently change, such as hydroelectric reservoirs. Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems, which influence directly the regional characteristics, mainly because of their multipurpose use. The interactions of the electromagnetic energy with the optically active components occur along the entire water column, so that the behavior of the light field reflects the changes applied along the entire euphotic zone. However, the values taken from images are used accordingly to a plane and associated with the respective point or area of surface. The calibration of bio-optical models considering only the surface sampling data can not deliver fully effective results because the electromagnetic radiation interacts with the components located along the water column and the response captured by the sensors does not only represent the value associated with the surface. Considering this scenario, this work proposes an investigation on the influence of the vertical distribution of the optical properties along the water column, in order to contemplate records about the interaction in different levels of depth, b... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: A aquisição de dados por meio da combinação de Sensoriamento Remoto e amostragens in-situ permite que várias fontes de dados sejam integradas para a análise e observação de características do alvo de interesse e pode exigir métodos computacionais para apoiar o processamento, exploração e análise de dados. A necessidade de integrar dados de diferentes fontes é destacada em estudos de ambientes dinâmicos e complexos que se alteram frequentemente, como os reservatórios hidrelétricos. Os reservatórios são ecossistemas artificiais, que influenciam diretamente nas características regionais, principalmente devido ao seu uso múltiplo uso. As interações da energia eletromagnética com os componentes opticamente ativos ocorrem ao longo de toda a coluna d’água, de modo que o comportamento do campo de luz reflete as mudanças aplicadas ao longo da zona eufótica. No entanto, as grandezas registradas nas imagens são usados de acordo com o plano e limitadas ao respectivo ponto ou área da superfície. A calibração de modelos bio-ópticos, considerando apenas os dados de amostragem da superfície, pode não fornecer resultados totalmente eficazes, porque a radiação eletromagnética interage com os componentes localizados ao longo da coluna de água e, consequentemente, a resposta capturada pelos sensores não representa apenas o valor associado à superfície. Este trabalho propõe uma investigação sobre a influência da distribuição vertical das propriedades ópticas ao longo da coluna d’água, a fim de co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Obiri-Danso, Kwasi. "Seasonal variation of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in coastal and inland bathing waters." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301090.

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Rodrigues, Thanan Walesza Pequeno. "From oligo to eutrophic inland waters : advancements and challenges for bio-optical modeling /." Presidente Prudente, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150315.

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Orientador: Nilton Nobuhiro Imai
Banca: Deepak Ranjan Mishra
Banca: Arcilan Trevenzoli Assireu
Banca: Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade Galo
Banca: Fernanda Sayuri Yoshino Watanabe
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento detalhado das características bio-ópticas nos reservatórios de Barra Bonita (BB) e Nova Avanhandava (Nav) com o intuito de avaliar o desempenho de uma única abordagem voltada para a estimativa das propriedades ópticas inerentes (POIs), assim como, a concentração de totais sólidos suspensos (TSS). A investigação foi realizada utilizando dados coletados no campo entre 2014 e 2016, incluindo, as POIs, componentes opticamente significativos (COSs) e reflectância de sensoriamento remoto (R_rs). Os dados apresentados dos COSs confirmaram que BB é um ambiente mais túrbido que Nav por apresentar maior produção fitoplanctônica em função do recebimento de altas cargas de nutrientes provenientes da bacia de drenagem. Por outro lado, Nav é um ambiente mais transparente e com maior influência de material inorgânico, o que favorece o surgimento de macrófitas submersas. A concentração de clorofila-a (Chl-a) em BB alcançou máximo de 797.8 µg l-1 em outubro/2014, enquanto Nav apresentou máximo de 38.6 µg l-1 em maio/2016. A variabilidade nos COS esteve altamente vinculada a frequência de chuvas, sendo que no ano de 2014, ocorreu um evento extremo de seca alterando as características biogeoquímicas dos ambientes. BB reagiu de forma mais abrupta que Nav por apresentar um sistema de operação do tipo acumulação e por estar mais próxima das regiões potencialmente poluidoras, diferente de Nav que apresenta um sistema fio-d'água em que ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of the present work was to perform a detailed survey of the bio-optical characteristics of the reservoirs of Barra Bonita (BB) and Nova Avanhandava (Nav) in order to evaluate the performance of a single approach aimed at estimating the inherent optical properties (IOPs), as well as the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS). The research was carried out using data collected in the field between 2014 and 2016, including the IOPs, optically significant components (OSCs) and remote sensing reflectance (R_rs). The data presented from the OSCs confirmed that BB is more turbid than Nav because it presents higher phytoplankton production due to the input of high nutrient loads from the drainage basin. On the other hand, Nav is more transparent with greater influence of inorganic matter, which favors the appearance of submerged macrophytes. The concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in BB reached a maximum of 797.8 μg l-1 in October/2014, while Nav presented a maximum of 38.6 μg l-1 in May/2016. The variability in the COS was highly related to the frequency of rainfall, in the year 2014, an extreme drought event occurred, altering the biogeochemical characteristics ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Rodrigues, Thanan Walesza Pequeno [UNESP]. "From oligo to eutrophic inland waters: advancements and challenges for bio-optical modeling." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150315.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento detalhado das características bio-ópticas nos reservatórios de Barra Bonita (BB) e Nova Avanhandava (Nav) com o intuito de avaliar o desempenho de uma única abordagem voltada para a estimativa das propriedades ópticas inerentes (POIs), assim como, a concentração de totais sólidos suspensos (TSS). A investigação foi realizada utilizando dados coletados no campo entre 2014 e 2016, incluindo, as POIs, componentes opticamente significativos (COSs) e reflectância de sensoriamento remoto (R_rs). Os dados apresentados dos COSs confirmaram que BB é um ambiente mais túrbido que Nav por apresentar maior produção fitoplanctônica em função do recebimento de altas cargas de nutrientes provenientes da bacia de drenagem. Por outro lado, Nav é um ambiente mais transparente e com maior influência de material inorgânico, o que favorece o surgimento de macrófitas submersas. A concentração de clorofila-a (Chl-a) em BB alcançou máximo de 797.8 µg l-1 em outubro/2014, enquanto Nav apresentou máximo de 38.6 µg l-1 em maio/2016. A variabilidade nos COS esteve altamente vinculada a frequência de chuvas, sendo que no ano de 2014, ocorreu um evento extremo de seca alterando as características biogeoquímicas dos ambientes. BB reagiu de forma mais abrupta que Nav por apresentar um sistema de operação do tipo acumulação e por estar mais próxima das regiões potencialmente poluidoras, diferente de Nav que apresenta um sistema fio-d’água em que não há acumulação e sim fluxo constante da água. Além disso, no âmbito óptico, a absorção em Nav apresentou maior influência do particulado não-algal (NAP) enquanto que em BB, a absorção foi dominada por fitoplâncton. Com base nesses resultados pode-se concluir que os dois ambientes apresentam não só diferenças na qualidade da água, mas também nas propriedades ópticas, o que leva a afirmação de que um modelo único baseado nos dois ambientes pode não ter um bom resultado quando se pretende utilizar uma abordagem empírica. Um algoritmo quase-analítico (QAA) parametrizado para as condições de Nav (QAAOMR) apresentou resultados significativos com erros (erro médio percentual absoluto – MAPE) inferiores a 17% para o coeficiente de absorção total (a_t), 19% para o coeficiente de absorção orgânico detrital (a_CDM) e 47% para o coeficiente de absorção do fitoplâncton (a_ϕ). O respectivo modelo foi utilizado para verificar seu desempenho em um ambiente eutrofizado como BB e a versão parametrizada por Watanabe et al. (2016) e denominada QAABBHR foi aplicada aos dados de Nav. Como resultado, observamos que as duas versões foram adequadas para estimar a_t com erros inferiores a 40%, no entanto, existe ainda a necessidade de melhorar as etapas para estimativa de a_CDM e a_ϕ. No caso de se aplicar um modelo empírico de única abordagem para estimar concentração de TSS para ambos os reservatórios, observamos que essa abordagem não apresentou resultados satisfatórios, portanto, modelos específicos baseados na banda do vermelho do MODIS foram utilizados para mapear TSS em cada um dos reservatórios. Pode-se concluir então, que o conhecimento acerca das propriedades ópticas da água se mostrou determinante para a modelagem bio-óptica, principalmente no que diz respeito aos ambientes altamente contrastantes como BB e Nav.
The objective of the present work was to perform a detailed survey of the bio-optical characteristics of the reservoirs of Barra Bonita (BB) and Nova Avanhandava (Nav) in order to evaluate the performance of a single approach aimed at estimating the inherent optical properties (IOPs), as well as the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS). The research was carried out using data collected in the field between 2014 and 2016, including the IOPs, optically significant components (OSCs) and remote sensing reflectance (R_rs). The data presented from the OSCs confirmed that BB is more turbid than Nav because it presents higher phytoplankton production due to the input of high nutrient loads from the drainage basin. On the other hand, Nav is more transparent with greater influence of inorganic matter, which favors the appearance of submerged macrophytes. The concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in BB reached a maximum of 797.8 μg l-1 in October/2014, while Nav presented a maximum of 38.6 μg l-1 in May/2016. The variability in the COS was highly related to the frequency of rainfall, in the year 2014, an extreme drought event occurred, altering the biogeochemical characteristics. BB reacted more abruptly than Nav because it presented an accumulation type operation system and because it is closer to the potentially polluting region. Nav presents a water system in which there is no accumulation but constant flow of water. In addition, in the optical context, the absorption in Nav presented greater influence of the non-algal particulate (NAP) while in BB, the absorption was dominated by phytoplankton. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the two environments present not only differences in water quality but also in optical properties, which leads to the assertion that a single model based on the two environments may not have a good result when it is intended to use empirical approach. A quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA) parameterized for Nav conditions (QAAOMR) presented significant results with errors (mean absolute percentage error - MAPE) lower than 17% for the total absorption coefficient (a_t), 19% for the carbon detrital matter absorption coefficient (a_CDM) and 47% for the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton (a_ϕ). The respective model was used to verify its performance in a eutrophic environment such as BB and the version parameterized by Watanabe et al. (2016) and named QAABBHR was applied to the Nav data. Thus, we note that the two versions were suitable for estimating a_t with errors (MAPE) less than 40%, however, improvements must be carried out for estimating a_CDM and a_ϕ. In the case of applying a single empirical model to estimate TSS concentration for both reservoirs, we observed that it did not present satisfactory results, so specific models based on the MODIS red band were used to map TSS in each of the reservoirs. It can be concluded, therefore, that knowledge about the optical properties of water has proved to be determinant for the bio-optical modeling, especially with respect to highly contrasting environments such as BB and Nav.
CNPq: 200152/2015-7

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Darracq, Amélie. "Long-term development, modeling and management of nutrient loading to inland and coastal waters /." Stockholm : Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm university, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7108.

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Boyd, Christopher Andrew Rouse David B. "Investigations of water supply and water quality issues related to inland shrimp farming in western Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/BOYD_CHRISTOPHER_54.pdf.

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Hardee, Sarah E. "Movements and home ranges of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the inland waters of the Pacific Northwest /." Online version, 2008. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=298&CISOBOX=1&REC=8.

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Riddick, Caitlin A. L. "Remote sensing and bio-geo-optical properties of turbid, productive inland waters : a case study of Lake Balaton." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24417.

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Algal blooms plague freshwaters across the globe, as increased nutrient loads lead to eutrophication of inland waters and the presence of potentially harmful cyanobacteria. In this context, remote sensing is a valuable approach to monitor water quality over broad temporal and spatial scales. However, there remain several challenges to the accurate retrieval of water quality parameters, and the research in this thesis investigates these in an optically complex lake (Lake Balaton, Hungary). This study found that bulk and specific inherent optical properties [(S)IOPs] showed significant spatial variability over the trophic gradient in Lake Balaton. The relationships between (S)IOPs and biogeochemical parameters differed from those reported in ocean and coastal waters due to the high proportion of particulate inorganic matter (PIM). Furthermore, wind-driven resuspension of mineral sediments attributed a high proportion of total attenuation to particulate scattering and increased the mean refractive index (n̅p) of the particle assemblage. Phytoplankton pigment concentrations [chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and phycocyanin (PC)] were also accurately retrieved from a times series of satellite data over Lake Balaton using semi-analytical algorithms. Conincident (S)IOP data allowed for investigation of the errors within these algorithms, indicating overestimation of phytoplankton absorption [aph(665)] and underestimation of the Chl-a specific absorption coefficient [a*ph(665)]. Finally, Chl-a concentrations were accurately retrieved in a multiscale remote sensing study using the Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI), indicating hyperspectral data is not necessary to retrieve accurate pigment concentrations but does capture the subtle heterogeneity of phytoplankton spatial distribution. The results of this thesis provide a positive outlook for the future of inland water remote sensing, particularly in light of contemporary satellite instruments with continued or improved radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal coverage. Furthermore, the value of coincident (S)IOP data is highlighted and contributes towards the improvement of remote sensing pigment retrieval in optically complex waters.

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Alshboul, Zeyad [Verfasser], Andreas [Gutachter] Lorke, and Hermann [Gutachter] Jungkunst. "Water management practices and anthropogenic carbon sources alter the patterns of CH4 and CO2 emissions from inland waters / Zeyad Alshboul. Gutachter: Andreas Lorke ; Hermann Jungkunst." Koblenz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111788375/34.

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Beyer, Kathleen. "Ecological implications of introducing Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) and Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842) into inland waters in England." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1002.

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Non-native species invasions threaten the structure, function and biodiversity of ecosystems worldwide, and those of non-native fishes pose amongst the greatest threats to inland waters of the U.K. This PhD investigated the establishment, dispersal and ecological implications of introducing the two non-native fish species, sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) and topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842) to inland waters of England. The introduction and initial dispersal of both species can be attributed to the commercial fish trade. Species-specific variability of life history, growth and morphological traits was examined in sunbleak (12 sites) and topmouth gudgeon (3 sites) to assess their role in establishment success. The drift dynamics, i.e. timing and intensity (propagule pressure), of sunbleak and topmouth gudgeon were assessed for source populations to determine dispersal potential. Potential risks for native species posed by these two alien cyprinids were assessed with respect to the parasite fauna and overlaps in resource use. For sunbleak, these were also examined in terms of social integration of this species into a native fish assemblage. Biological resistance to topmouth gudgeon invasion was evaluated by stomach flushing and gut content analysis of native piscivorous fishes. Inter-population variability in life histories and morphological characters were observed in both sunbleak and topmouth gudgeon. Populations of both species matured at small body sizes and between the ages 1 and 2. The fish were of good body condition and exhibited high reproductive investment. In both species, dispersal from source waters followed a diel pattern, with higher rates at night than during the day (e.g. maximum drift densities during May of 2004 and 2005: 9-10 sunbleak per 1000 m -3 at about 23:00 hrs; 40-52 topmouth gudgeon per 1000 m -3 at about 05:00 hrs). Downstream of one source population, microhabitat use of topmouth gudgeon was found to overlap with native species (brown trout Salmo trutta L., European chub Leuciscus cephalus (L.), bullhead Cottus gobio L., stoneloach Barbatula barbatula (L.); both brown trout and chub were observed to prey on topmouth gudgeon. However, predation intensity may be density-dependent and of insufficient level to impede topmouth gudgeon establishment, which was facilitated in the receiving stream by the consistent propagule pressure from on-line source populations. Sunbleak diet and microhabitat use also overlapped with native species (roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) and common bream Abramis brama (L.)) as young larvae, but this decreased with age. Social network analysis of sunbleak-native species interactions revealed that sunbleak creates significantly stronger social bonds with the native species than do natives amongst themselves. No macro-parasites were found in topmouth gudgeon, but two ‘Category II’ non-native parasites Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930) and Ergasilus briani (Markewitsch, 1932) were found in some populations of sunbleak. The potential for sunbleak to spread beyond their current distribution in England and the species’ social integration behaviour may facilitate the dispersal of these parasites, which may spread faster among communities invaded by sunbleak than in those where this non-native species is absent. The results of this PhD study are discussed within their wider context and their relevance to non-native species risk analysis and management.

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Downs, Christine Marie. "Imaging Wetland Hydrogeophysics: Applications of Critical Zone Hydrogeophysics to Better Understand Hydrogeologic Conditions in Coastal and Inland Wetlands and Waters." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7397.

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This dissertation consists of three projects utilizing electric and electromagnetic (EM) methods to better understand critical-zone hydrogeologic conditions in select Florida wetlands and waters. First, a time-lapse electrical resistivity (ER) survey was conducted in section of mangrove forest on a barrier island in southeast Florida to image changes in pore-water salinity in the root zone. ER data show the most variability in the root zone over a 24-hour period, and, generally, the ground is more resistive during the day than overnight. Second, a suite of three-dimensional forward models, based on varying lateral boundaries and conductivities typical of a coastal wetland, were run to simulate the EM response of a commerical electromagnetic induction instrument crossing over said boundaries. Normalized profiles show the transition is sharper in a hypersaline regime than one where freshwater and clay are present. Furthermore, enough variability exists in hypersaline regimes to justify collecting profile measurements in multiple coil configurations to constrain the nature of a lateral boundary. Also, under certain circumstances, there are kinks in the EMI response even across abrupt boundaries due to concentrated current density at a layer's edge. Lastly, geophysical surveys were conducted at six wetlands in west-central Florida to characterize potential hydrostratigraphic units and compare/contrast them to the current conceptual model for cypress dome wetlands. ER was used to image the geometry of the top of limestone; ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to image stratigraphy beneath and surrounding wetlands. These wetlands can be grouped into two models. Topographic highs surrounding wetlands are controlled by the undulating top of limestone at sites where the region is characterized by limestone ridges. In contrast, topographic highs are controlled by thick sand packages at sites regionally characterized by sand dunes over scoured limestone.

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Morgan, David L. "The biology of Nannatherina balstoni and Lepidogalaxias salamandroides, including comparisons with the other teleosts found in inland waters in south-western Australia." Thesis, Morgan, David L. (1999) The biology of Nannatherina balstoni and Lepidogalaxias salamandroides, including comparisons with the other teleosts found in inland waters in south-western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/42301/.

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The first aim of this thesis was to determine the length and age compositions, growth rates, reproductive biology and diets of Nannatherina balstoni and Lepidogalaxias salamandroides. Sampling for these two species of teleost, which are found predominantly in the acidic pools of the southern peat flats in the extreme south-western comer of Australia, was carried out monthly over approximately two years by using seine and dip nets and, in the case of larvae, also light traps. Nannatherina balstoni spawned at the end of their first year of life, when, on average, the males and females had reached 60 and 63 mm, respectively. In contrast, less than 30% of both the males and females of L. salamandroides that reach the end of their first year of life spawn at that time. Nannatherina balstoni almost invariably died in the months after they had spawned, i.e. when they were just over one year old. Several L. salamandroides lived for two years and a few for even three or four years. All of the L. salamandroides that reached the end of their second year of life spawned at that time. In contrast to their males, the females of L. salamandroides continue to grow throughout the whole of their life, which accounts for the fact that female fish reach a greater maximum size than the males, i.e. 7 4 versus 50 mm TL. Nannatherina balstoni and L. salamandroides both spawn during winter after heavy flooding and when water temperatures and day length are close to or at their annual minima. Spawning at this time enables the larvae and juveniles of these species to capitalise on the rich food supplies that are present during the late winter and spring. The considerable growth that is achieved during this period by L. salamandroides has the advantage of enabling this species to attain a substantial size, prior to the time when it commences aestivation when the pools in which it lives start to become dry. Although both species feed on particularly cladocerans, copepods and ostracods during larval and early juvenile life, and L. salamandroides subsequently continues to feed on these and other arthropods, the diet of N. balstoni shifts markedly towards the terrestrial insects that alight or are deposited on the water surface. The fecundity of N. balstoni ranged from 550 to 1600, with a mean of 1243, while for L. salamandroides the range was 37 to 166 and the mean was 82. Histological sections of the ovary, allied with observations of females laying eggs in the laboratory, demonstrate that L. salamandroides is a multiple spawner, i.e. produces small numbers of eggs on a number of different occasions. The prominent anal fin of the males of L. salamandroides becomes greatly modified, into a structure that can clasp the female and direct sperm in through their cloaca, when they become sexually mature and is then retained throughout the rest of life. The distributions and habitats of the small suite of fish found in the inland waters of south-western Australia have been determined from samples collected using nets, traps and an electric fishshocker at 410 sites in the region that is bounded by Capel in the north (33°30'S, 115°34') and Cheyne Beach (34°53', 118°24') in the south-east. The distribution data were then collated with those of Christensen (1982) and Jaensch (1992) and with the Records of the Western Australian Museum. The most abundant and widespread endemic teleosts are Galaxias occidentalis, Bostockia porosa and Edelia vittata, these species being found throughout all of the major river catchments in the study area. Within the study region Galaxiella nigrostriata, L. salamandroides, N. balstoni and Galaxiella munda, are each almost invariably restricted to water bodies south of Margaret River (33°56', 115°05'). Although the first three of these species are essentially confined to the acidic pools in this region, the first two show a marked tendency to occur in ephemeral pools, i.e. pools that dry up in the summer, while the third species occurs in permanent pools. The fourth species, G. munda, is found in the streams and rivers within and bounding the southern peat flats. However, small localised populations of G. munda, G. nigrostriata and N. balstoni are present well to the north of the study area at or near Gingin (31°21', 115°54'). It is suggested that these populations once formed part of a continuous distribution in inland water bodies along the lower west coast of Australia, which became disrupted through the destruction of the majority of the water bodies in that coastal strip by human activities during this century. The fact that the only other endemic freshwater teleost in south-western Australia, Tandanus bostocki, was caught on only two occasions probably reflects the fact that the sampling methods were not ideal for catching this far larger species. Larvae (ammocoetes) of the pouched lamprey were regularly found in the soft silty deposits of several of the rivers in the study region. Galaxias truttaceus and Galaxias maculatus, which are abundant in south-eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania, were found only in catchments in the extreme eastern part of the study region. These two species are known, however, to be present in rivers to the east of Albany. The atherinid Leptatherina wallacei and the gobiids Pseudogobius olorum and Afurcagobius suppositus, which are often abundant in estuaries, were collected from numerous rivers and lakes. The most widespread exotic teleosts were Gambusia holbrooki and Perea fluviatilis, these species being particularly abundant in water bodies that had been modified, e.g. by the effects of the construction of dams. Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta were only caught in those systems in which they had been stocked by the Western Australian Fisheries Department. Finally, a summary is provided of the biology of each of the freshwater fish species that is found in south-western Australia.

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18

Smeds, Jacob. "Inlandsvatten som en del i den terrestra kolcykeln – uppskattningar och osäkerheter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352772.

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Inlandsvatten, exempelvis sjöar och floder, har en betydande roll för den globala kolcykeln. Förutom att dessa vatten transporterar kol mellan kontinenterna och havet så förekommer en mängd processer som påverkar kolomsättningen i dessa system. Inlandsvatten kan fånga in (fixera) koldioxid från atmosfären via fotosyntes, men en stor del av kolet i inlandsvatten transporteras från land. Detta kol kan antingen emitteras till atmosfären som koldioxid eller metan, lagras på botten av sjöar och reservoarer eller transporteras (exporteras) till havet genom floder och grundvatten. Genom att sammanställa litteratur som i huvudsak publicerats mellan 2007 och 2017 konkluderas att 3,6 Pg C y-1 transporteras till inlandsvatten från världens kontinenter. Av detta emitteras 2,3 Pg C y-1 till atmosfären innan det når havet, 0,15 Pg C y-1 sedimenteras i sjöar och dammar medan 1,1 Pg C-1 exporteras till havet. För att förstå hur människan påverkar kolomsättningen globalt krävs en korrekt beskrivning av de naturliga flödena av kol mellan hav, land och atmosfär. Förbättringspotential och osäkerheter gällande den kvantitativa uppskattningen om inlandsvatten som en del i den terrestra kolcykeln finns bland annat kopplat till små vattenansamlingar, då dessa inte är fullständigt kartlagda. En bättre geografisk spridning för den data som ligger till grund för globala uppskattningar krävs också för att förbättra förståelsen för inlandsvattens roll i den terrestra kolcykeln.
Inland waters, for example lakes and rivers, play a considerable role in the global carbon cycle. In addition to transport carbon between the continents and the oceans, a number of processes occur during the transport along the hydrological chain. Inland water could directly take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere though photosynthesis, but a vast amount of the carbon origins from land. The carbon could either be emitted to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide or methane, stored at the bottom of lakes or reservoirs and/or transported (exported) to the ocean through rivers or groundwater. In this study, publications from 2007 to 2017 were reviewed, and the conclusion is drawn that 3,6 Pg C y-1 are exported to inland waters from land. 2,3 Pg C y-1 are emitted to the atmosphere, 0,15 Pg C y-1 is buried in the sediments of lakes and reservoirs and 1,1 Pg C y-1 is exported to the ocean. To understand how human affects the global carbon budget, a correct description of the natural migration of carbon between the ocean, the continents and the atmosphere is needed. Potential of improvement and uncertainties related to the quantitative estimates of emission, sedimentation and export are to a large extent connected to the poor surveys of small lakes and ponds. A more representative global distribution of the data is also needed for a better understanding of the role of inland waters in the terrestrial carbon cycle.

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Watanabe, Fernanda Sayuri Yoshino [UNESP]. "Parameterization of bio-optical models for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in a tropical eutrophic reservoir." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138176.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The aim of this research was to parameterize and calibrate models based on remote sensing data in order to estimate accurately the chlorophyll-a concentration, [Chl-a], in a tropical eutrophic reservoir. Firstly, a bio-optical characterization was conducted to identify particularities in the study area. Thus, existing empirical models and quasi-analytical algorithms (QAA) were tested and, after, parameterized and calibrated for the investigated environment. Such models derive [Chl-a] and inherent optical properties (IOPs), respectively, from remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). This research was developed in the Barra Bonita hydroelectric reservoir (BBHR), lies in Tietê River (Brazil). Reservoirs are artificial environments which change severely the hydrodynamic of rivers and the biogeochemical balance of aquatic systems. Such alterations can lead to unique bio-optical status and, consequently, models developed for rivers and lakes are not suitable to explain the processes which happen in reservoirs. The trophic state is an important water quality parameter and can be determined based on Chl-a concentration, photosynthetically active pigment present in all the phytoplankton species and detected by remote sensors. Therefore, the use of orbital and aerial images is a viable alternative to monitoring of trophic state in these environments. Results showed that bio-optical status in BBHR is remarkable different compared to other aquatic systems found in literature, corroborated by inaccurate performance of models proposed to other areas. The parameterization and calibration proposed in this research estimated accurately Chl-a concentration, mainly, adopting absorption coefficients derived by QAA. The fitted models can be used in mapping trophic state and frequent monitoring of water quality in BBHR by environmental agency and hydroelectric plant managers. In addition, it is likely that the parameters proposed in this research are suitable for other inland waters.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi parametrizar e calibrar modelos baseado em dados de sensoriamento remoto para estimar acuradamente a concentração da clorofila-a, [Chl-a], em um reservatório tropical e eutrofizado. Primeiramente, uma caracterização bio-óptica da área estudo foi realizada para identificar particularidades do ambiente. Então, modelos empíricos e algoritmos quase-analíticos (QAA) existentes foram testados e, posteriormente parametrizados e calibrados para o ambiente investigado. Tais modelos derivam a [Chl-a] e propriedades ópticas inerentes (POIs), respectivamente, a partir da reflectância de sensoriamento remoto (Rrs). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no reservatório da hidroelétrica de Barra Bonita (RHBB), localizado no Rio Tietê (Brasil). Reservatórios são ambientes artificiais que modificam severamente a hidrodinâmica de rios e o equilíbrio biogeoquímico do ecossistema aquático. Tais alterações podem proporcionar características bio-ópticas únicas ao ambiente e modelos para rios e lagos podem não ser adequados para explicar os processos que ocorrem em reservatórios. O grau de eutrofização é um importante parâmetro de qualidade da água e pode ser determinado com base na [Chl-a], pigmento fotossiteticamente ativo presente em todas as espécies de fitoplâncton, detectado por sensores remotos. Portanto, o uso de imagens orbitais e aerotransportadas é uma alternativa viável para o monitoramento do estado trófico desses ambientes. Resultados mostram que as características bio-ópticas em RHBB são consideravelmente diferentes de outros ambientes pesquisados na literatura, corroborado com desempenho não acurado de modelos propostos para outros ambientes. A parametrização e calibração propostas nesta pesquisa estimaram acuradamente a [Chl-a], principalmente, adotando os coeficientes de absorção derivados do QAA. Os modelos ajustados podem ser utilizados no mapeamento do estado trófico e monitoramento periódico da qualidade da água em RHBB por agências ambientes e gestores de usinas hidroelétricas. Além disso, é provável que os parâmetros propostos nesta pesquisa sejam adequados para outras águas continentais.
CNPq: 200157/2015-9

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20

Dobricic, Srdjan [Verfasser]. "Sensitivity of an ocean atmosphere model of Adriatic Sea to coupling scheme and resolution of the atmospheric model / European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability Inland and Marine Waters Unit. vorgelegt von Srdjan Dobricic." Ispra : Inst. for Environment and Sustainability Inland and Marine Waters Unit, 2002. http://d-nb.info/967246164/34.

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21

Xu, Long. "Numerical study in Delaware Inland Bays." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 121 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1163252151&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Conway, Carol Leza, and n/a. "Oxic and anoxic transformations of leaf derived organic matter in freshwater systems." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060519.105559.

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In Australia, significant effort goes into reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering inland waters from point sources. However, little is known of the extent to which riparian organic matter may act as a source of these nutrients. Also, whilst the relationships between the nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycles are broadly known, there is little quantitative data regarding the release of these elements from Australian riparian organic matter and their subsequent microbial mineralisation within aquatic environments. In particular, comparatively little is known of their comparative role in nutrient and organic matter cycling within anoxic zones, and the influence that different riparian organic matter may have on stream water quality. This lack of such data presently hampers the ability of water managers to make educated decisions regarding the management of riparian zones in Australia. In order to improve understanding in this area, a combination of laboratory and in situ experiments were carried out in order to compare the abiotic release and aerobic/ anaerobic mineralisation of leaf derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) under different environmental conditions. Four plants common to Australian riparian zones were investigated: two native species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (gum) and Phragmites australis (common reed), and two exotic species, Salix babylonica (willow) and Lolium multiflorum (rye grass). After 30 days, formaldehyde inhibited 1g willow and rye grass extracts contained the most SRP (0.7 mg/L), whilst gum extracts contained 0.3 mg/L and common reed 0.1 mg/L of SRP.Willow and rye grass abiotically released twice as much NOx than gum and common reed, although concentrations were only between 0.05-0.1 mg/L. Gum and common reed released the most DOC per gram of leaf matter (14 and 12 mmol/g of leaf matter respectively), but based on the initial carbon content of each leaf type, the largest percentage contributor of DOC under abiotic conditions was common reed and rye grass (both 38% mass/mass), with gum (33% mass/mass) and willow (30% mass/mass) being smaller contributors. The most bioavailable DOC was released by rye grass and common reed, with between 83 and 94% of this DOC microbially mineralised after 30 days in oxic conditions. When conditions were not inhibited, microbial growth was evident almost immediately in willow, rye grass and common reed leaf extracts. However, microbial growth was suppressed for the first 48 hours in gum leaf extracts. After this suppression period, the rate of DOC mineralisation was equal in willow and gum leaf extracts (0.1 day-1). Under anoxic conditions, the rate and extent of DOC mineralisation of willow and gum leaves depended on the type of electron acceptor provided. Added nitrate and iron III enhanced the mineralisation of both willow and gum leaves relative to no terminal electron acceptors (from zero to 0.01-0.04 and 0.002- 0.004 moles/day respectively), but added sulphate only enhanced the mineralisation of gum leaves (0.04 moles/day). When no additional electron acceptors were provided, particulate leaf mineralisation was more extensive under oxic than anoxic conditions. However, the mineralisation of leaf derived DOC were the same regardless of oxygen availability, and after 35 days in either condition the percentage of leaf DOC mineralised for each leaf type was of the order common reed > rye grass > willow > gum. All the leaf types tested were able to sustain the caddis fly larvae Triplectides australis under controlled laboratory conditions, and survival rates were high using all four leaf types as a food source. Triplectides australis did not significantly increase the amount of DOC released from each type of leaf matter, but they did consistently increase the proportion of simple carbohydrates present within the DOC fraction. The results of these experiments suggest that changes to riparian vegetation, particularly from the native to exotic species used in this study, will inherently alter in-stream concentrations of dissolved carbon and nutrients (particularly SRP). This potentially will affect in-stream, hyporheic and subsurface processes, particularly in areas where surface water flow is low and riparian leaf inputs are high.

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English, Ross M. "Legislation for clean water : Congress and the Water Quality Act of 1987." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301457.

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Mustapha, Maizatun. "Legal aspects of inland water pollution control in West Malaysia." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396289.

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The thesis is a study of the effectiveness of legal instruments in controlling inland water pollution in West Malaysia. The significance of inland water in Malaysia, especially rivers, is immense. Presently, rivers are relied upon as the main source of wäter supply for domestic, agricultural and industrial consumption besides being used for transportation, hydro-power and recreation. However, the problem of water pollution in West Malaysia is serious and widespread with an increasing number of rivers being polluted, particularly due to activities such as the discharge of effluent from industries, untreated waste from animal farms, and siltation caused by land clearance. This situation is of great concern to the public and the government as when water is polluted, its quality deteriorates, causing problems such as health hazard and water shortage besides limiting its uses for various purposes. The thesis recognises legal instruments as important and effective tools in combatting water pollution, and in the light of such concerns, it is the aim of the thesis to examine how far the present legal structure has been successful in dealing with these issues. Malaysia's main effort in applying legal strategies to control pollution is through the enactment of the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (the EQA) and the establishment of the Department of Environment (the DOE) to enforce the Act. This study analyses the scope, objectives and strategies of the EQA and other relevant laws in dealing with water pollution, and examines the enforcement function of the DOE and related agencies. Factors considered to be major obstacles undermining the efficacy of the law, namely statutory and institutional limitations and weaknesses, are examined for the purpose of providing suggestions for improvement. As a whole, the thesis seeks to prove that, if these obstacles were overcome and new measures introduced, the present legal instruments can be applied more successfully in dealing with inland water pollution, and can contribute significantly towards the betterment of water resources for present and future benefit.

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Cailleaud, Emilie. "Cycles du carbone et de l’azote et émissions de gaz à effet de serre (CH4, CO2 et N2O) du lac de barrage de Petit Saut et du fleuve Sinnamary en aval du barrage (Guyane Française)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30379.

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Les eaux continentales sont des sources de méthane (CH4), de dioxyde de carbone (CO2)et de protoxyde d’azote (N2O). Dans le but de préciser leur importance dans le bilan global des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES), de nombreuses études ont été réalisées afin de quantifier les différents flux de carbone et d’azote les parcourant. Ces flux sont perturbés par la mise en place de barrages sur le lit des fleuves. Peu d’études présentent des bilans de carbone et d’azote complets (apports, exports, flux vers l’atmosphère et enfouissement) pour les lacs de barrages, et elles concernent uniquement des écosystèmes boréaux et tempérés. Suite à la création d’un barrage, de la matière organique (MO) est mise en eau (sols et forêts), elle se dégrade rapidement les premières années suivant la mise en eau puis plus lentement par la suite. L’état de dégradation de la MO et la principale source de GES dans un lac de barrage près de 20 ans après la mise en eau sont souvent méconnus. L’étude réalisée 18 ans après la mise en eau du lac de Petit Saut (Guyane Française) est la première étude où les principaux éléments des cycles du carbone et de l’azote d’un lac de barrage hydroélectrique, et de son fleuve en aval, situé en climat équatorial et dont la création a entraîné la mise en eau de forêt primaire, sont étudiés près de 20 ans après la mise en eau. Cette étude se base sur (i) la mesure mensuelle de la qualité des eaux et des concentrations en carbone et azote en amont, dans, et en aval du lac de barrage, (ii) la mesure et/ou le calcul des différents flux de GES vers l’atmosphère, (iii) des données de la signature isotopique et de l’état de dégradation de la MO en amont, dans, et en aval du lac, (iv) des prélèvements de sédiments et de troncs d’arbres ennoyés en 1994 et (v) des incubations d’eau du fleuve, de sédiments et de troncs d’arbres du lac. L’ensemble des données collectées au cours des 12 mois de campagnes réalisées en 2012 - 2013 nous a permis de déterminer que (i) les sols inondés sont toujours des sources significatives de GES contrairement aux troncs d’arbres ennoyés, (ii) dans le lac 84 % des émissions de CH4 et 51 % des émissions de CO2 ont lieu dans la zone littorale (< 10 m de profondeur), (iii) 54 % du CO2 produit dans le fleuve en aval provient de la dégradation de la MO apportée par le lac. Cette étude nous a aussi permis de réaliser des bilans de carbone et d’azote à Petit Saut et un bilan des émissions de chacun des GES émis (CH4, CO2, N2O) près de 20 ans après la mise en eau
Inland waters are sources of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In order to define their importance in the global balance of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, numerous studies have been conducted to quantify the different fluxes of the carbon and nitrogen browsing them. These fluxes are modified by the creation of dams on river beds. Few studies present full carbon and nitrogen balances (inputs, outputs, fluxes to the atmosphere and sequestration) for reservoirs, and they concern only boreal and temperate ecosystems. The creation of a dam floods organic matter (OM) (soils and forests), which is rapidly degraded the first years following the impoundment and thereafter more slowly. The state of degradation of the OM and the main source of GHG in a reservoir nearly 20 years after impoundment are often unknown. The study conducted 18 years after the impoundment of the Petit Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) is the first study where the main elements of carbon and nitrogen cycles of an hydroelectric reservoir, and its river downstream, located in equatorial climate and which creation resulted in the flooding of primary forest, are studied nearly 20 years after impoundment. This study is based on (i) a monthly measurement of water quality and carbon and nitrogen concentrations upstream, in, and downstream of the reservoir, (ii) measurements and/or calculations of the different fluxes of GHG through the atmosphere, (iii) data of the isotopic signature and of the state of degradation of OM upstream, in, and downstream of the reservoir, (iv) sediments and 1994’s flooded tree trunks sampling and (v) incubations of downstream river water, sediments and tree trunks from the reservoir. All the data collected during the 12 months of campaigns carried out in 2012 - 2013 allowed us to determine that (i) flooded soils are still significant sources of GHG unlike flooded tree trunks, (ii) in the reservoir 84 % of CH4 emissions and 51 % of CO2 emissions occur in the littoral zone (< 10 m depth), (iii) 54 % of the CO2 produced in the river downstream of the dam come from the degradation of the OM provided by the reservoir. This study also allowed us to achieve carbon and nitrogen balances in Petit Saut and emission balance of each GHG emitted (CH4, CO2, N2O) nearly 20 years after impoundment

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26

Gregory, Stacey J. "The classification of inland salt lakes in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/609.

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Inland salt lakes in Western Australia have been used by the mining industry for the disposal of excess water generated during the mining process. However, the impact of these operations on the salt lakes is poorly understood. This is mainly due to the lack of information on the biota and chemistry for the lakes. The main aim of this project was to develop a classification system for inland salt lakes of Western Australia based on abiotic and biotic factors such as sediment and water quality, invertebrates and algae to determine lakes with unique or significant features. Water and sediments collected from the salt lakes were generally characterised by an alkaline pH, high salinity and the majority of lakes being dominated by sodium and chloride. Concentrations of some metals were also high, particularly in surface water. A high degree of variation in water and sediment quality was demonstrated both within and between the study lakes. In addition, these parameters were shown to be influenced by geography, geology, stage of the hydrocycle within which the lake was sampled and the occurrence of dewatering discharge. Biota in the salt lakes must be able to cope in a harsh environment, adjusting to temporary water regime, high temperature, and high salinity. As such, the species richness of these systems is generally low. Diatoms (a group of algae) and invertebrates were investigated among the biota. A total of 56 diatom species were recorded from 24 lakes. The most common species were Amphora coffeaeformis, Hantzschia aff. baltica and Navicula aff. incertata. These species were shown to have broad tolerances to environmental variations. Sediment chemistry explained variations in diatom community structure, with zinc, moisture content and cobalt having the greatest and negative influence.In terms of invertebrates, a total of 101 invertebrate taxa were recorded from 13 lakes in this study. Crustacea dominated and the greatest number of taxa was from the genus Parartemia. There were some differences in invertebrate community structure between lakes, most likely reflecting the high degree of speciation, and poor dispersal mechanisms of certain key species. Community structure was influenced by water quality, with phosphorus, bicarbonate and magnesium contributing to the variations in community structure. Among the 43 lakes chosen for this study a total of 17 lakes had received, or are currently receiving dewatering discharge. Sites receiving dewatering discharge generally reported higher concentrations of salts, nutrients and some metals in both water and sediments compared to natural lakes. Species richness of biota such as diatoms and invertebrates was lower at the lakes receiving dewatering discharge. However, the impact was generally localized within the pooled area of dewatering discharge. Also, despite these impacts, there appears to be signs of amelioration by flushing events. Currently there are no guidelines for water and sediment chemistry for inland salt lakes in Western Australia. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) guidelines are the most relevant available. Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc in surface water of the natural inland salt lakes were shown to exceed ANZECC guideline values.Comparison with the relevant ANZECC sediment guidelines showed that they were applicable to the salt lakes, with the exception of nickel and chromium which were naturally high in the salt lake sediments. Classification of data using multivariate analysis was done for both dry and wet phases of the hydroperiod. Six groups were delineated for the sediment and diatom data, and four groups were defined for the water quality and invertebrate data. It was common for sites from particular lakes to fall in more than one group as a result of the variability in these systems. There are a number of practical applications of this system for the mining industry and it may be used as a predictive tool for determining the impact of dewatering discharge and highlighting unique salt lakes within the Goldfields of Western Australia.

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27

Gregory, Stacey J. "The classification of inland salt lakes in Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, School of Environmental Biology, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18037.

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Abstract:

Inland salt lakes in Western Australia have been used by the mining industry for the disposal of excess water generated during the mining process. However, the impact of these operations on the salt lakes is poorly understood. This is mainly due to the lack of information on the biota and chemistry for the lakes. The main aim of this project was to develop a classification system for inland salt lakes of Western Australia based on abiotic and biotic factors such as sediment and water quality, invertebrates and algae to determine lakes with unique or significant features. Water and sediments collected from the salt lakes were generally characterised by an alkaline pH, high salinity and the majority of lakes being dominated by sodium and chloride. Concentrations of some metals were also high, particularly in surface water. A high degree of variation in water and sediment quality was demonstrated both within and between the study lakes. In addition, these parameters were shown to be influenced by geography, geology, stage of the hydrocycle within which the lake was sampled and the occurrence of dewatering discharge. Biota in the salt lakes must be able to cope in a harsh environment, adjusting to temporary water regime, high temperature, and high salinity. As such, the species richness of these systems is generally low. Diatoms (a group of algae) and invertebrates were investigated among the biota. A total of 56 diatom species were recorded from 24 lakes. The most common species were Amphora coffeaeformis, Hantzschia aff. baltica and Navicula aff. incertata. These species were shown to have broad tolerances to environmental variations. Sediment chemistry explained variations in diatom community structure, with zinc, moisture content and cobalt having the greatest and negative influence.
In terms of invertebrates, a total of 101 invertebrate taxa were recorded from 13 lakes in this study. Crustacea dominated and the greatest number of taxa was from the genus Parartemia. There were some differences in invertebrate community structure between lakes, most likely reflecting the high degree of speciation, and poor dispersal mechanisms of certain key species. Community structure was influenced by water quality, with phosphorus, bicarbonate and magnesium contributing to the variations in community structure. Among the 43 lakes chosen for this study a total of 17 lakes had received, or are currently receiving dewatering discharge. Sites receiving dewatering discharge generally reported higher concentrations of salts, nutrients and some metals in both water and sediments compared to natural lakes. Species richness of biota such as diatoms and invertebrates was lower at the lakes receiving dewatering discharge. However, the impact was generally localized within the pooled area of dewatering discharge. Also, despite these impacts, there appears to be signs of amelioration by flushing events. Currently there are no guidelines for water and sediment chemistry for inland salt lakes in Western Australia. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) guidelines are the most relevant available. Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc in surface water of the natural inland salt lakes were shown to exceed ANZECC guideline values.
Comparison with the relevant ANZECC sediment guidelines showed that they were applicable to the salt lakes, with the exception of nickel and chromium which were naturally high in the salt lake sediments. Classification of data using multivariate analysis was done for both dry and wet phases of the hydroperiod. Six groups were delineated for the sediment and diatom data, and four groups were defined for the water quality and invertebrate data. It was common for sites from particular lakes to fall in more than one group as a result of the variability in these systems. There are a number of practical applications of this system for the mining industry and it may be used as a predictive tool for determining the impact of dewatering discharge and highlighting unique salt lakes within the Goldfields of Western Australia.

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28

Fernandes, Sergio Alejandro. "Planning for future inland water transportation in the Parana-Paraguay River basin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40578.

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29

Morin, Timothy H. "The nexus of observing and modeling methane emissions from inland water bodies." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149259790616752.

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30

馬楚堅 and Chor-kin Ma. "The rise and fall of Tonghui He during the Yuan-Ming-Qingperiods." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211744.

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31

Huang, Ray. "Ming dai de cao yun." Beijing Shi : Xin xing chu ban she, 2005.

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32

Kravitz, Jeremy. "Towards high fidelity mapping of global inland water quality using earth observation data." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33749.

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This body of work aims to contribute advancements towards developing globally applicable water quality retrieval models using Earth Observation data for freshwater systems. Eutrophication and increasing prevalence of potentially toxic algal blooms among global inland water bodies have become a major ecological concersn and require direct attention. There is now a growing necessity to develop pragmatic approaches that allow timely and effective extrapolation of local processes, to spatially resolved global products. This study provides one of the first assessments of the state-ofthe-art for trophic status (chlorophyll-a) retrievals for small water bodies using Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Imager (OLCI). Multiple fieldwork campaigns were undertaken for the collection of common aquatic biogeophysical and bio-optical parameters that were used to validate current atmospheric correction and chlorophyll-a retrieval algorithms. The study highlighted the difficulties of obtaining robust retrieval estimates from a coarse spatial resolution sensor from highly variable eutrophic water bodies. Atmospheric correction remains a difficult challenge to operational freshwater monitoring, however, the study further validated previous work confirming applicability of simple, empirically derived retrieval algorithms using top-of-atmosphere data. The apparent scarcity of paired in-situ optical and biogeophysical data for productive inland waters also hinders our capability to develop and validate robust retrieval algorithms. Radiative transfer modeling was used to fill this gap through the development of a novel synthetic dataset of top-of-atmosphere and bottom-of-atmosphere reflectances, which attempts to encompass the immense natural optical variability present in inland waters. Novel aspects of the synthetic dataset include: 1) physics-based, two-layered, size and type specific phytoplankton IOPs for mixed eukaryotic/cyanobacteria 6 assemblages, 2) calculations of mixed assemblage chl-a fluorescence, 3) modeled phycocyanin concentration derived from assemblage based phycocyanin absorption, 4) and paired sensor-specific TOA reflectances which include optically extreme cases and contribution of green vegetation adjacency. The synthetic bottom-of-atmosphere reflectance spectra were compiled into 13 distinct optical water types similar to those discovered using in-situ data. Inspection showed similar relationships and ranges of concentrations and inherent optical properties of natural waters. This dataset was used to calculate typical surviving water-leaving signal at top-of-atmosphere, as well as first order calculations of the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for the various optical water types, a first for productive inland waters, as well as conduct a sensitivity analysis of cyanobacteria detection from top-of-atmosphere. Finally, the synthetic dataset was used to train and test four state-of-the-art machine learning architectures for multi-parameter retrieval and cross-sensor capability. Initial results provide reliable estimates of water quality parameters and inherent optical properties over a highly dynamic range of water types, at various spectral and spatial sensor resolutions. It is hoped the results of this work incrementally improves inland water Earth observation on multiple aspects of the forward and inverse modelling process, and provides an improvement in our capabilities for routine, global monitoring of inland water quality.

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33

Wan, Zheng. "Freight transportation planning container transportation network within China's Yangtze River /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1462115.

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Henderson, Holly Elizabeth. "An investigation into the epidemiological surveillance of inland water incidents in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419730.

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35

Bui, Ha Thi Thu. "Technical Feasibility of Cultivating Local Seaweed Species in Inland Saline Water of Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/70550.

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This research investigated the technical feasibility of cultivating local seaweed species from Perth region in potassium-fortified inland saline waters (ISW). Different levels of potassium fortification into the ISW were essential for their culture and out of six seaweed species studied, Ulva lactuca, Lomentaria catenata and two Sargassum spp. could successfully be cultured in 33 to 100% potassium-fortified ISW. Seasonality, nutrient enrichments, pH and temperature were able to influence different seaweed species to different degrees.

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36

Reinhardt, Anne. "Navigating imperialism in China steamship, semicolony, and nation, 1860-1937 /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3041861.

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37

Pang, Ming-ho Darwin. "An evaluation of waterborne ferry services in Hong Kong : past & future /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23472649.

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38

Petersson, Jess. "Status and Trends Associated with Indigenous Communities Inland Water and the Development of Relevant International Law." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2512.

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This thesis is written at a time when the world faces many challenges. Gross violation of human rights persists, discrimination against and alienation of marginalized groups continues, the gulf between rich and poor yawns ever wider, and the rapid degradation of the environment continues to gain momentum. One area upon which environmental degradation impacts most crucially is water. In terms of vulnerability and scarcity as a commodity, water has come to be called by some 'the new oil'. Already, water has influenced political strategies and been the cause of wars. The aim of this thesis has been, firstly, to identify the status and trends in inland water ecosystems and their immediate dependents, with particular reference to indigenous communities living close to the water source, and hence more directly affected. If the destruction of inland water ecosystems is allowed to continue unchecked, it will inevitably have disastrous universal consequences. The thesis also discusses the protection of indigenous knowledge and innovations, provided by intellectual property and other instruments, and attempts to analyse developments in international law, which have relevance for indigenous peoples in connection with the conservation, management and sustainable use of inland water systems.

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39

Zeckoski, Rebecca. "Water quality modeling for the Kennet and Avon Canal, a navigational canal in an inland catchment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226858.

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The Kennet and Avon Canal in southern England is experiencing severe water quality problems caused by inorganic sediment and algae. These water quality problems are affecting the angling sport of fishermen downstream of the confluence of the canal with the River Kennet. The Environment Agency has been called upon to remedy these issues, but before proceeding they desire a computer model capable of predicting the water quality impacts of various scenarios under consideration. No such model was available to them. This project identified the key solids generation and transport processes to be included in a water quality model for inland navigational canals. Where available, equations from the literature describing relevant processes were used or modified for inclusion in a canal modeling algorithm. Where literature was not available, water quality samples were taken to characterize needed relationships. The final algorithm was coded and tested using a simplified dataset that allowed clear evaluation of the simulated processes. After successful testing, the canal model was applied to the Kennet and Avon Canal. The time series predicted by the model were compared to observed hydrological, solids, and chlorophyll-a (representing algae) data at multiple points in the canal. The model adequately predicted all of these constituents at the monitored locations. The final task in the project required evaluation of six management scenarios proposed by the Environment Agency to address the water quality problem. The model suggests that filtration or other treatment of water in the canal near the confluence with the river is the best management option, as it will address both the elevated inorganic sediment and algae concentrations at the most critical point in the canal. Less desirable options include efforts that only target inorganic sediment, which could increase algal concentrations by increasing light availability; and diversion of surface flows from the canal, which could possibly damage the hydrologic balance of the canal while encouraging undesirable algal growth.

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Weigelt, Alexandra. "Plant competition on inland dunes : influence of water availability, nitrogen supply and the role belowground processes /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/33300020X.pdf.

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41

Tillotson, Kathryn Helen. "Campaigns, perceptions, and consumption| A mixed methods study of fresh water management in the inland Northwest." Thesis, Washington State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3717503.

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Dwindling freshwater resources are one of the largest challenges facing countries worldwide. For regional and local governments the task of managing fresh water resources falls the hardest. Reduced water quantity directly impacts water quality and thus preventing further depletion of freshwater levels is necessary for meeting existing and forth coming water quality regulations. Thus, finding effective ways to better understand water use at the local or regional level and better ways of communicating pressing water management issues with water users is imperative to the longevity of freshwater resources. Environmental communication campaigns are one way of reaching water users. Understanding water users personal relationship with water resources and nature in general can inform environmental campaigns in multiple ways.

This research provides insight into the ways in which environmental campaigns can be framed to effectively reach the target audience. Two methods of assessing stakeholder perceptions of water resources are also explored. First, systems thinking is used to compare the mental models of water managers and members of the development sector in order to find areas of common interest and importance regarding the management of freshwater resources in the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene Corridor of northeast Washington and northern Idaho. Second, a survey is used to evaluate characteristics of water use for residents in Spokane County, Washington.

This dissertation is centered on three primary research questions: (1) How are environmental communication campaigns framed?; (2) How do stakeholder groups who may appear to have very different values for a shared resource perceive a shared that resource?; (3) How do people's perceptions of nature, environmental issues, and their ability to impact those issues influence the way that they use water? Results of this research show that there are key areas of shared interest between water managers and developers suggesting that long-term water management goals do not have to conflict with the goals of local development. This research also suggests that residents who are willing to perform behaviors to reduce their water use are not necessarily doing so, pointing toward further research questions to bridge the gap between willingness and action.

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Valdes-Abellan, Javier. "Study of impacts on the vadose zone deriving from use of brackish inland aquifers desalted water." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/84087.

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El uso de agua desalada en agricultura es una actividad cada vez más extendida, debido a la disminución de los recursos convencionales y al aumento de eficiencia de los procesos de desalación. La desalación no se limita ya únicamente al agua de mar, en los últimos tiempos está aumentando la desalación de agua procedente de acuíferos salinos continentales. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es evaluar el impacto que el uso prolongado de esta agua puede tener sobre la zona no saturada del terreno y sus propiedades hidráulicas. En el marco de este trabajo se ha establecido una parcela experimental en el campus de la Universidad de Alicante donde se han cultivado especies cespitosas regadas con agua desalada procedente del acuífero salobre continental de San Vicente del Raspeig. La gestión de la parcela se ha realizado según prácticas habituales realizadas en la zona. Se ha llevado un control del contenido de agua y succión del terreno durante un periodo de 20 meses, bajo dos sistemas de monitorización alternativos: uno manual y otro automático. La experiencia ha sido completada con un ensayo de trazador mediante el empleo de BrLi controlado durante un periodo de 160 días. Asimismo, se ha realizado en laboratorio la caracterización hidráulica de muestras extraídas de la propia parcela experimental. A partir de los datos adquiridos, de manera manual y automática, se ha elaborado un modelo de flujo con el programa HYDRUS 1D para cada una de los sets de datos, el cual se ha calibrado y validado para diferentes periodos. Por otro lado, el ensayo de trazador (transporte conservativo), también simulado mediante HYDRUS 1D, además de validar el modelo de flujo, ha permitido derivar parámetros de transporte (dispersividad) a escala de campo. Finalmente, se ha creado un modelo predictivo de transporte de masa reactivo que implementa procesos geoquímicos y cambios asociados en los parámetros hidráulicos de la zona no saturada, para largos periodos de tiempo (30 años). Este último modelo se elaboró mediante la aplicación HP1, que combina los códigos HYDRUS 1D y PHREEQC. Además del modelo predictivo bajo las condiciones actuales, otros tres escenarios, según varios criterios, han sido considerados. Los dos modelos de flujo resultantes, a partir de datos adquiridos manualmente y automáticamente, han descrito adecuadamente la dinámica del flujo en la zona no saturada, concluyendo que ambas estrategias son válidas para obtener tendencias generales del flujo. No obstante, la estrategia automática es más adecuada para detectar posibles cambios en las propiedades hidráulicas debido a su mayor sensibilidad y frecuencia en la toma de datos. Para la obtención de parámetros de transporte, la combinación en el ensayo de trazador de la determinación de Br total mediante rayos X, junto con la parametrización por método inverso, ha resultado ser un método rápido y fiable. Los modelos predictivos han puesto de manifiesto un proceso de disolución continuo del yeso contenido en el suelo, así como procesos de disolución (en la zona radicular) y posterior precipitación (bajo ésta) de la calcita en el terreno. Los resultados de la simulación indican cambios en la porosidad que supondrán cambios de conductividad hidráulica en un factor mayor de 2. Finalmente, el estudio de los diferentes escenarios resalta que: la ausencia de riego reduce los cambios esperados en el terreno; la ausencia de yeso en el terreno producirá una reducción de la conductividad hidráulica bajo la zona radicular; y la disminución de la presión parcial de CO2 en la zona radicular disminuye drásticamente las disoluciones de las especies carbonatadas participantes.

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Dinh, Quang Huy. "Cultural biology of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) in inland saline water in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/239.

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This research investigated the technical feasibility of culturing the blue mussel Mytilus edulis in potassium fortified inland saline water. The results showed that the blue mussels in 100% K+ fortified inland saline water can be successfully cultured. One hundred fortification of inland saline water also improves the settlement rate of mussel larvae and reduces the deformities during early larval life. The mussels are isosmotic at 27 ppt in inland saline water.

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Campagna, Veronica. "Limnology and biota of Lake Yindarlgooda - an inland salt lake in Western Australia under stress." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1883.

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Inland salt lakes of the arid and semi-arid zones of Western Australia are unique systems. An unpredictable rainfall pattern and a transient water regime ensure these lakes remain dry for much of the year. Lake Yindarlgooda in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia is a typical inland salt lake that has been subjected to additional stresses. This thesis is the outcome of investigations conducted on the lake from 2001 to 2003. Emphasis is on the limnology and biota of the lake, including an adjacent wetland, and impacts on the aquatic ecosystems caused predominantly by mining. Lake Yindarlgooda is a large, shallow hypersaline lake situated on the Yindarlgooda Palaeoriver. It is sodium chloride dominated and has naturally high background levels of nickel. Sites impacted by the leaching of hypersaline decant water from a leach residue storage facility (LRSF) were differentiated from control sites using multivariate statistics. Salinity was found to be a major determinant in the structure of the biological communities in the lake systems.Different biotic communities with low taxonomic diversity were recorded in Lake Yindarlgooda and Swan Refuge, a nearby hyposaline clay pan. The benthic microbial communities were dominated by halotolerant diatoms, notably Amphora coffeaeformis, Navicula incertata and Hantzschia baltica. Variation in the diatom assemblages between the playa sites and the clay pan were noted, influenced by habitat type and salinity. Within Lake Yindarlgooda, the diatom assemblages in the control and impact sites were found to be similar. A narrow salinity spectrum dictated the taxa present. Many of the benthic diatoms collected during the dry phase were encysted, having entered dormancy. The invertebrate fauna in Lake Yindarlgooda and Swan Refuge belonged to the Crustacea. A larger percentage of hyposaline invertebrate taxa were recorded from Swan Refuge, while those in Lake Yindarlgooda were typically halotolerant species. The Ostracoda showed the greatest diversity and their abundance was higher in the southern control sites while the Anostracan, Parartemia sp., dominated the northern impact sites of the playa.The riparian zone of Lake Yindarlgooda supported a diverse plant community, dominated by the Chenopodiaceae. The marginal vegetation communities along the shores of Lake Yindarlgooda were found to be similar, indicating habitat homeogeneity. Within the riparian zone both biological and physical soil crusts occupied large areas not inhabited by vascular plants. The biological soil crust identified was composed of an association between the filamentous cyanobacterium Microcoleus sp. and a moss species (Musci). Both biological and physical soil crusts were found to have functional roles in stabilising the surrounding low dunes. The soil crusts in the northern control sites were badly degraded as a result of trampling by livestock, while those in the southern control sites were protected and were intact. Only one Parartemia species was found to inhabit Lake Yindarlgooda, Parartemia n. sp. d. It was collected in salinities ranging from 50 to 140 g L-1. The population appeared to be oviparous, recruitment mostly from resting eggs. The male to female ratios varied between sites, as did the number of juveniles compared to the adults. The northern impact sites had a more mature Parartemia population than the southern control sites and appeared to have undergone a second recruitment. Examination of the surface sediment found a well established Parartemia “egg bank” in the northern impact sites with egg numbers much higher than in the southern control sites.The ultrastructure of the Parartemia resting egg was identical to that of Artemia. Differences in the external features and internal structure of the resting egg of Parartemia n sp. d and Parartemia n. sp g from Lake Miranda, another saline lake, were identified. This study showed morphological variation of the egg within Parartemia, a finding not previously recorded. Rehydration trials on the Parartemia egg bank indicated that the increase in sediment salinity from the LRSF had a negative effect on the hatching of the resting eggs. In salinities above 60 mS cm-1 hatching was less successful. The conditions provided in the trials were similar to those in Lake Yindarlgooda. The hatching technique was repeated on sediment from Lake Miranda with similar results. These trials were considered a valuable monitoring tool in the assessment of impacts on the biota of temporary lakes in the absence of water. This study demonstrated that in the absence of water the egg and spore/seed bank can be used as a proxy for monitoring temporary lakes. It was also found to be valuable in understanding the distribution and diversity of the biotic communities in Lake Yindarlgooda. This study provides the first integrated reference information on a Western Australian inland salt lake against which any future impact may be assessed.

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45

Roohi, Shirzad [Verfasser], and Nico [Akademischer Betreuer] Sneeuw. "Performance evaluation of different satellite radar altimetry missions for monitoring inland water bodies / Shirzad Roohi ; Betreuer: Nico Sneeuw." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133074901/34.

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46

Campagna, Veronica. "Limnology and biota of Lake Yindarlgooda - an inland salt lake in Western Australia under stress." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biology, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17473.

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Abstract:

Inland salt lakes of the arid and semi-arid zones of Western Australia are unique systems. An unpredictable rainfall pattern and a transient water regime ensure these lakes remain dry for much of the year. Lake Yindarlgooda in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia is a typical inland salt lake that has been subjected to additional stresses. This thesis is the outcome of investigations conducted on the lake from 2001 to 2003. Emphasis is on the limnology and biota of the lake, including an adjacent wetland, and impacts on the aquatic ecosystems caused predominantly by mining. Lake Yindarlgooda is a large, shallow hypersaline lake situated on the Yindarlgooda Palaeoriver. It is sodium chloride dominated and has naturally high background levels of nickel. Sites impacted by the leaching of hypersaline decant water from a leach residue storage facility (LRSF) were differentiated from control sites using multivariate statistics. Salinity was found to be a major determinant in the structure of the biological communities in the lake systems.
Different biotic communities with low taxonomic diversity were recorded in Lake Yindarlgooda and Swan Refuge, a nearby hyposaline clay pan. The benthic microbial communities were dominated by halotolerant diatoms, notably Amphora coffeaeformis, Navicula incertata and Hantzschia baltica. Variation in the diatom assemblages between the playa sites and the clay pan were noted, influenced by habitat type and salinity. Within Lake Yindarlgooda, the diatom assemblages in the control and impact sites were found to be similar. A narrow salinity spectrum dictated the taxa present. Many of the benthic diatoms collected during the dry phase were encysted, having entered dormancy. The invertebrate fauna in Lake Yindarlgooda and Swan Refuge belonged to the Crustacea. A larger percentage of hyposaline invertebrate taxa were recorded from Swan Refuge, while those in Lake Yindarlgooda were typically halotolerant species. The Ostracoda showed the greatest diversity and their abundance was higher in the southern control sites while the Anostracan, Parartemia sp., dominated the northern impact sites of the playa.
The riparian zone of Lake Yindarlgooda supported a diverse plant community, dominated by the Chenopodiaceae. The marginal vegetation communities along the shores of Lake Yindarlgooda were found to be similar, indicating habitat homeogeneity. Within the riparian zone both biological and physical soil crusts occupied large areas not inhabited by vascular plants. The biological soil crust identified was composed of an association between the filamentous cyanobacterium Microcoleus sp. and a moss species (Musci). Both biological and physical soil crusts were found to have functional roles in stabilising the surrounding low dunes. The soil crusts in the northern control sites were badly degraded as a result of trampling by livestock, while those in the southern control sites were protected and were intact. Only one Parartemia species was found to inhabit Lake Yindarlgooda, Parartemia n. sp. d. It was collected in salinities ranging from 50 to 140 g L-1. The population appeared to be oviparous, recruitment mostly from resting eggs. The male to female ratios varied between sites, as did the number of juveniles compared to the adults. The northern impact sites had a more mature Parartemia population than the southern control sites and appeared to have undergone a second recruitment. Examination of the surface sediment found a well established Parartemia “egg bank” in the northern impact sites with egg numbers much higher than in the southern control sites.
The ultrastructure of the Parartemia resting egg was identical to that of Artemia. Differences in the external features and internal structure of the resting egg of Parartemia n sp. d and Parartemia n. sp g from Lake Miranda, another saline lake, were identified. This study showed morphological variation of the egg within Parartemia, a finding not previously recorded. Rehydration trials on the Parartemia egg bank indicated that the increase in sediment salinity from the LRSF had a negative effect on the hatching of the resting eggs. In salinities above 60 mS cm-1 hatching was less successful. The conditions provided in the trials were similar to those in Lake Yindarlgooda. The hatching technique was repeated on sediment from Lake Miranda with similar results. These trials were considered a valuable monitoring tool in the assessment of impacts on the biota of temporary lakes in the absence of water. This study demonstrated that in the absence of water the egg and spore/seed bank can be used as a proxy for monitoring temporary lakes. It was also found to be valuable in understanding the distribution and diversity of the biotic communities in Lake Yindarlgooda. This study provides the first integrated reference information on a Western Australian inland salt lake against which any future impact may be assessed.

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47

Marion, Jason W. "Protecting Public Health at Inland Ohio Beaches: Development of Recreational Water Quality Indicators Predictive of Microbial and Microcystin Exposure." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313588302.

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48

Gabiri, Geofrey [Verfasser]. "Multi-scale modeling of water resources in a tropical inland valley and a tropical floodplain catchment in East Africa / Geofrey Gabiri." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1181855802/34.

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49

Kumar, Vivek. "Effect of different ionic profiles of inland saline water on growth and agar characteristics of gracilaria cliftonii (Withell, Miller & Kraft, 1994)." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/941.

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Salinity caused by the mobilisation of geologically stored salt through rising water tables is a major problem in Western Australia. Damage is occurring to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, affecting the profitability of agricultural land. However, the resultant inland saline water-bodies with an ionic composition similar to ocean water have the potential to be used for seaweed cultivation. Seaweed cultivation can mitigate the cost of land rehabilitation by making profitable use of saline wastewaters.A series of laboratory trials were conducted to identify the conditions necessary for successful Gracilaria cliftonii cultivation in inland saline water (ISW) and modify the agar extraction process for G. cliftonii to optimise agar yield and properties. This was accomplished by culturing G. cliftonii with different nutrients in ISW, with or without K[superscript]+ fortification and investigating the respective effects on chemical composition, physicochemical properties and agar characteristics. To identify the process required for optimum agar yield and quality from G. cliftonii, the effect of modifying some extraction process variables such as alkali concentration, soaking time and temperature, heating time, seaweed-water ratio, extraction time and temperature was investigated.These trials demonstrated that with the selection of appropriate nutrient media and culture conditions G. cliftonii can be successfully grown in ISW. To achieve higher growth rates of G. cliftonii, it is necessary to fortify ISW with K[superscript]+. The addition of nutrients to ISW and different ionic profiles of ISW had significant positive effects on chemical composition, physicochemical properties and agar characteristics. Agar yield, gel strength, melting point, gelling temperature and sulphate content were found to be a function of G. cliftonii life stages. Modification of alkali treatment with variable alkali concentration (0.3 to 5 %), soaking time and heating time had detrimental effect on agar yield resulting in significant agar loss but improved agar quality from G. cliftonii. However, agar quality can be improved by modifying extraction process variables like soaking time and temperature, seaweed to water ratio, extraction time and temperature without agar loss.

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Muñoz, Serrato Julieta Margarita. "Seasonality of abundance, reproduction and epiphytism in Gracilaria cliftonii Withell, Millar & Kraft, 1994 from Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2026.

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The Government of Western Australia (RIDC) has identified seaweed cultivation as an alternative activity to utilise inland saline water bodies in rural areas. Gracilaria cliftonii has been identified as a potential species for inland saline water aquaculture and is high agar yield (62%). However, information related to its seasonal variations from natural populations has not yet been reported. The aim of the present research was to determine the seasonality in biomass, abundance, epiphytism and chemical properties of Gracilaria cliftonii collected from the wild. G. cliftonii samples were collected during 6 seasons from Autumn 2008 to Winter 2009 from Point Peron, Western Australia. Maximum biomass of G. cliftonii was observed in Winter (42.2 g m[superscript]2) while maximum total abundance occurred in Summer (3.4 nh/m[superscript]2). Three reproductive stages viz. tetrasporophyte, carposporophyte and male gametophyte were observed all year round.The biomass and abundance of tetrasporophyte and carposporophyte stages from G. cliftonii in Autumn 2008 were significantly higher than other seasons while the biomass of the vegetative stage was significantly higher in Spring and Summer. Abundance showed a strong correlation (R[superscript]2=0.96; p<0.05) with day length. Over the study period, tetrasporophyte and carposporophyte were significantly longer (p<0.05) than male gametophyte and vegetative stages.Epiphytism was a common phenomena observed in G. cliftonii. Epiphytic biomass was significantly higher in Autumn and Winter 2008, while, epiphytic load was significantly higher in Spring 2008. Over entire study period twenty four macroalgae epiphytes were recorded, with the Ceramiales as the most dominant group and Hypnea episcopalis and Polysiphonia forfex the most dominant epiphytes. The epiphytes of G. cliftonii are attached in different ways to its thallus. Although, most of the epiphytes were attached superficially to the surface, Polysiphonia sp., and Ceramium sp. were penetrated into the host tissue.The chemical composition of G. cliftonii varied among life stages and seasons and consisted mainly of carbohydrates followed by ash and protein. The physicochemical properties of G. cliftonii were mainly influenced by seasons and all the values obtained were higher than previous recorded for other macroalgae. Finally, yield and properties of the agar of G. cliftonii were also demonstrated to be influenced by seasons and life stages.The present study shows that biomass of G. cliftonii, epiphytism, and chemical compositions are highly variable and are result of the effect of seasons and life stages. Therefore, the effects of seasons and life stages have to be considered for culture and exploitation of the species.

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