Journal articles on the topic 'Inland ship simulator'
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Hargitai, Csaba, Juha Schweighofer, and Győző Simongáti. "Simulator Demonstrations of Different Retrofit Options of a Self-propelled Inland Vessel." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.10609.
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The project MoVe IT! (www.moveit-fp7.eu), funded by the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union, was focussed on modernisation of inland waterway vessels by retrofitting. In order to stimulate an implementation of the results by the industry, visualization of the positive impacts was realised by a set of vivid demonstrators. In this paper, the demonstrations by simulators for a single screw motor cargo vessel of the type Johann Welker are described.The motion simulations are carried out by a custom made (for inland vessels developed) computer program, which use common naval architect force calculation algorithms and a new approximation theory for added masses.The simulator demonstrations comprise descriptions and visualisations of ship lengthening, application of different rudder and a new propulsion device. Five different cases are examined, the original vessel and four retrofit options.First retrofit variant is the lengthened vessel with original rudder and propeller. Other two analysis are performed changing only the rudder system. In fourth simulator demonstration the original propeller is changed to a pump propeller (a novel propulsion device).The environment are in the simulator demonstrations: constant draught of the vessel, and calm, infinite deep waterway.As results of simulator demonstrations the effects on fuel consumption and manoeuvrability are discussed in the paper.
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Harlacher, Dennis, Rolf Zentgraf, and Thorsten Dettmann. "Investigation of the capsize of a tank motor ship by means of an inland ship handling simulator." Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research 3, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2015.1025443.
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Zhang, Guangyu, Yan Wang, Jian Liu, Wei Cai, and Hongbo Wang. "Collision-Avoidance Decision System for Inland Ships Based on Velocity Obstacle Algorithms." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060814.
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Due to the complex hydrology and narrow channels of inland rivers, ship collision accidents occur frequently. The traditional collision-avoidance algorithms are often aimed at sea areas, and not often at inland rivers. To solve the problem of inland-ship collision avoidance, this paper proposes an inland-ship collision-avoidance decision system based on the velocity obstacle algorithm. The system is designed to assist ships in achieving independent collision-avoidance operations under the limitation of maneuverability while meeting inland-ship collision-avoidance regulations. First, the paper improves the Maneuvering Modeling Group (MMG) model suitable for inland rivers. Then, it improves velocity obstacle algorithms based on the dynamic ship domain, which can deal with different obstacles and three encounter situations (head-on, crossing, and overtaking situations). In addition, this paper proposes a method to deal with close-quarters situations. Finally, the simulation environment built by MATLAB software is used to simulate the collision avoidance of inland ships against different obstacles under different situations with a decision-making time of less than 0.1 s. Through the analysis of the simulation results, the effectiveness and practicability of the system are verified, which can provide reasonable collision-avoidance decisions for inland ships.
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DeMarco Muscat-Fenech, Claire, Tonio Sant, Vito Vasilis Zheku, Diego Villa, and Michele Martelli. "A Review of Ship-to-Ship Interactions in Calm Waters." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121856.
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The hydrodynamic interaction between two or more ships in harbours or inland waterways is a classical maritime engineering research area. In ship manoeuvring practice, ship masters try to determine the speed and gap limit when a ship is passing or encountering others, particularly in confined water ways. This requires an accurate prediction of the interaction force acting on both ships. The pioneer experimental studies showed that the interaction could lead to a very large yaw moment and this moment is strongly time-dependent, which could make the ships veer from their original courses, leading to collisions. Based on the findings on experimental measurements, some empirical formulas are proposed in the literature to predict such interaction forces. However, these formulas could provide a satisfactory estimation only when the ship speed is quite high, and the water depth is shallow and constant. Numerical simulation overcomes this issue by simulating the ship-to-ship problem by considering the effect of the 3D ship hull, variable water depth and ship speed. Numerical simulation has now become the most widely adopted method to investigate the ship-to-ship problem. In the present study, the development of the methodologies of ship-to-ship problems will be reviewed, and the research gap and challenges will be summarized.
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Krause, Kai, Folkard Wittrock, Andreas Richter, Dieter Busch, Anton Bergen, John P. Burrows, Steffen Freitag, and Olesia Halbherr. "Determination of NOx emission rates of inland ships from onshore measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 1767–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1767-2023.
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Abstract. Inland ships are an important source of NOx, especially for cities along busy waterways. The amount and effect of such emissions depend on the traffic density and NOx emission rates of individual vessels. Ship emission rates are typically derived using in situ land measurements in relation to NOx emission factors (e.g. the number of pollutants emitted by ships per unit of burnt fuel). In this study, a different approach is taken, and NOx emission rates are obtained (in g s−1). Within the EU LIFE project, CLean INland SHipping (CLINSH), a new approach to calculating the NOx emission rates from data of in situ measurement stations has been developed and is presented in this study. Peaks (i.e. elevated concentrations) of NOx were assigned to the corresponding source ships, using the AIS (automated identification system) signals they transmit. Each ship passage was simulated, using a Gaussian puff model, in order to derive the emission rate of the respective source ship. In total, over 32 900 ship passages have been monitored over the course of 4 years. The emission rates of NOx were investigated with respect to ship speed, ship size, and direction of travel. Comparisons of the onshore-derived emission rates and those on board for selected CLINSH ships show good agreement. The derived emission rates are of a similar magnitude to emission factors from previous studies. Most ships comply with existing limits due to grandfathering. The emission rates (in g s−1) can be directly used to investigate the effect of ship traffic on air quality, as the absolute emitted number of pollutants per unit of time is known. In contrast, for relative emission factors (in g kg−1 fuel), further knowledge about the fuel consumption of the individual ships is needed to calculate the number of pollutants emitted per unit of time.
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Huang, Hongxun, Chunhui Zhou, Changshi Xiao, Liang Huang, Yuanqiao Wen, Jianxin Wang, and Xin Peng. "Effect of Seasonal Flow Field on Inland Ship Emission Assessment: A Case Study of Ferry." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 7484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187484.
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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the seasonal flow field on inland ship emissions and to improve calculation accuracy. Firstly, the flow field model is built through numerical simulation to correct the sailing speed of the ship from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) information in real-time. Then, an optimal emission estimation model for inland ships considering flow field factors is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization model is demonstrated by a case study, and the influence of the seasonal flow field on emission calculation is analyzed. It indicates that the calculation results of the model considering the influence of the flow field are more accurate. Without considering the flow field, the results of emission calculations are often underestimated, especially in summer, which shows the importance of incorporating the flow field factors into the calculation of inland ship emissions.
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Zhu, Weidong, Hanwen Hu, Shenglin Xu, Shiyou Qian, Jian Cao, Yan Yao, Bin Qu, and Diankun Zhai. "CSP: A Cost-Aware Ship Proportioning Algorithm Based on Operation Process Simulation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (April 6, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3958222.
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Inland waterway dredging is daily maintenance which is undertaken to ensure the safe navigation of ships. Due to the limitations of river width, bridge height, and other conditions, dredging projects usually require different types of ships, namely dredgers, mud-carrying ships, and mud-blowing ships which work in cooperation with each other. The proportion of these three types of ships affects dredging cost and operation efficiency. Most existing algorithms calculate ship proportion according to the operating speeds of ships without considering the influence of navigation locks on waterways. In this paper, we propose a cost-aware ship proportioning (CSP) algorithm based on operation process simulation. The premise is to save dredging cost by making full use of the three types of ships. First, we establish a model to simulate the operation process of the three types of ships considering navigation locks. Furthermore, we utilize the simulation model to obtain the optimal ship proportion that has the lowest cost through loop iterations. In addition, we quantify the relationship between the opening time of navigation locks and the project cost. We evaluate the effectiveness of CSP in terms of the project cost based on real engineering data. The experiment results show that CSP significantly outperforms the baseline.
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Breedveld, D. "Radar Simulator Training for Inland Waterway Shipping." Journal of Navigation 41, no. 1 (January 1988): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300009036.
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It was on the river Rhine that radar started its inland waterway career, followed almost immediately by the inland waterways in the Netherlands. In those days the inland waterway fleet was composed of ships owned by a few large companies and ships owned by their skippers.
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He, Shengli, Renren Deng, Rongbin Zhou, Jialei Ren, and Ping Yang. "The Design and Simulation of Associated Protection for Low Voltage Shore-to-ship Power Supply System in Inland Port." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2503, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2503/1/012064.
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Abstract Due to the complex environmental conditions of inland ports, it is of great significance to adopt associated protection to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the shore-to-ship power supply system. To accurately simulate the operating conditions of the shore-to-ship power supply system, the simulation model of the ship power system is established completely. According to the characteristics of the inland port, the simulation model of the shore-based power supply system is designed and established. Based on the established simulation model of a low voltage shore-to-ship power supply system, to meet its protection requirements of it, an associated protection method including safety interlock, under-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the associated protection, power faults are set in the shore-to-ship power supply system, and the action of the associated protection during the fault is analyzed by comparing the voltage and current waveforms of the shore-to-ship power supply system with associated protection and unprotected ones. The results show that the associated protection can effectively detect the power failures of the shore-to-ship power supply systems and take timely protection measures to ensure equipment safety.
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Liviu, CRUDU. "On the design of small passenger ships operating in restricted area – a case study – Delta of Danube." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIV, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-21-i1-006.
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Following the “Healthy oceans, seas, coastal and inland waters” Horizon Europe mission area, the present research is focused on finding practical ways to overcome the specific restrictions imposed by the particularities of the Danube Delta area on small passenger ship design. The focus is given to the hydrodynamic analysis as a tool to reduce the negative effects of small ships avoiding the constant aggression to which the fauna and flora of the area are subjected to.
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Dong, Bing Jiang, Jiang Lin, and Qian Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Ship Maneuvering on Bend Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4578.
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Bend channel is common seen in inland waterways. Due to the complex flow conditions, it’s often of great difficulty for ship maneuvering. To improve navigation conditions, usually the regulation is needed. In this paper, a 3D flow simulation model and ship maneuvering model are coupled. Based on the simulation results, the navigation conditions in Yiyang-Lulintan waterway project are evaluated. The simulation based evaluation provides a scientific basis and guidance for regulation projects in bend channel.
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Hadi, Eko Sasmito, Tuswan Tuswan, Ghina Azizah, Baharuddin Ali, Samuel Samuel, Muhammad Luqman Hakim, Muhammad Raaflie Caesar Putra Hadi, Muhammad Iqbal, Dian Purnama Sari, and Dendy Satrio. "Influence of the canal width and depth on the resistance of 750 DWT Perintis ship using CFD simulation." Brodogradnja 74, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 117–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod74107.
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Investigation of hydrodynamic interaction between the vessel and the seabed when entering shallow water is considered one of the most critical considerations of inland waterway transport. There are many investigations into the behavior of ships in restricted waters, such as ships traveling in different forms of canal cross-sections. The present study aims to evaluate the hydrodynamic interaction of the 750 DWT Perintis Ship moving through the different canal types to determine the relative effects of limiting the width and depth cross section on the ship's resistance. Two different canals with different cross sections, including canal bank and rectangular canal, were evaluated to investigate the influence of canal width (Wb), depth ratio (hw/T), and blockage ratio function (As/Ac). The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver and turbulent model 𝑘−𝜀 were used to predict the total resistance of the ship. The proposed numerical simulation was initially validated with an experimental towing tank test in the error range of 0.11-7.74%. The results indicated similar phenomena were found both in rectangular and canal banks. The case with a shallower (lower hw/T) and a narrower (lower Bc/Bs) canal dimension has a higher resistance value. Backflow and subsidence of free surface became significant around the ship's hull in more restricted water, changing the ship's hydrodynamic characteristics and increasing resistance. It can be found that the higher the blockage ratio (mb), the higher the total resistance value in both canal types, which proved that ships with higher speeds were more sensitive to changes in waterway restrictions.
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Yu, Kui, Hongming Wang, Xianqing Liu, and Bingli Peng. "Research on a Ship Deflection Anti-Collision Method Based on a Water-Jet Interference Flow Field." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 7354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137354.
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Currently, water jets are mainly used in the fields of mechanical processing and mining collection. This paper creatively introduces them to the field of safety assurance for inland navigation. Compared with the traditional bridge anti-striking methods such as intelligent early warning and passive anti-striking, this method can form an “interference zone” by changing the water flow conditions in the local bridge water areas, causing the yawing moment of the yaw ship to change, thereby causing the ship’s course to change, and thus guiding the ship to move away from the bridge pier to realize active anti-striking of the ship. In this paper, a combination of generalized model testing and numerical simulation was used to study the effects of different nozzle pressures and different ship pier distances of the water-jet generator on the trajectory and drift angle of the stalled ship. The results showed that the numerical simulation was in good agreement with the model test results. Within the interference zone, the distance between the ship and the pier increased rapidly after the action of the disturbance zone to 9.1, 5.8, and 6.2 times the ship’s width, respectively, reaching a safe distance. During the process of being affected by the interference zone, the maximum drift angle of the yaw ship was less than 20°, the course of the ship was generally stable, and the drift angle comparison error was a maximum of 10.6%, a minimum of 3.5%, and an average error of 6.7%. A negative peak and a positive peak of four times the absolute value of the negative peak occurred in the yaw-moment ephemeral curve during the ship’s passage through the interference area. The method had a notable effect on the anti-striking of stalled ships and two invention patents applied for in the course of research.
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Xu, Wuxiong, and Siqing Wu. "Ship Agent model for traffic flow simulation in inland waterway." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 768 (March 31, 2020): 072104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/768/7/072104.
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Wang, Wenyuan, Yun Peng, Xiangqun Song, and Yong Zhou. "Impact of Navigational Safety Level on Seaport Fairway Capacity." Journal of Navigation 68, no. 6 (May 25, 2015): 1120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315000387.
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In this paper, the definition of seaport fairway capacity, considering port service level, is given by referring to both road and inland waterway capacity combined with the features of coastal fairways. In view of the navigation environment and ships' behaviour, the safety distance of ships entering and leaving a seaport is chosen as an overall index to evaluate the navigational safety level of a fairway. Based on the ship-following theory, an Arena-based seaport operating system simulation model is constructed to analyse the impact of safety level on seaport fairway capacity. For different navigational safety levels (i.e., minimum, general and adequate), seaport fairway capacity corresponding to different service levels and navigation durations is obtained. The results show that fairway capacity varies with safety level for a given port service level, and the lower the safety level is, the higher the fairway capacity is. Finally, a recommended navigational safety level and its associated fairway capacity are given to provide a theoretical foundation for fairway design and management.
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Ma, Jun, Chunjin Li, Lei Li, and Zengxin Zhang. "Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Methanol Blended Fuel Ship Engines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2529, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2529/1/012019.
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Abstract With increasingly stringent fuel emission control in some river traffic control zones and inland waters, this paper addresses the problem of substandard diesel fuel emissions, relying on the theoretical basis of numerical simulation of diesel engine in-cylinder combustion. The combustion and emission characteristics of diesel-water-mixed methanol blended fuel are simulated and analyzed based on the AVL FIRE software. The combustion model of the diesel engine was established, and the changes of in-cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rate, and emission concentration were investigated for D85W10, D85W15, and D85W20 blends respectively, which were compared with diesel. The results show that as the proportion of water in the fuel mixture increases, the in-cylinder temperature gradually increases, the in-cylinder pressure slightly decreases, the heat release rate does not change much, and the NO and Soot emissions decrease.
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Du, Zhipeng, Qinan Chen, Cong Guan, and Hui Chen. "Improvement and Optimization Configuration of Inland Ship Power and Propulsion System." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010135.
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Advances in power and propulsion and energy management improvements can significantly contribute to reducing emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marpol regulations impose increasingly stringent restrictions on ship’s emission. According to the measured data of the target ship in typical working profiles, the power fluctuation, fuel consumption and emission data are analyzed, and the result represented that there are serious fuel consumption and pollution problems in the diesel engine power system. Based on the ship-engine propeller matching design theory, the ship-engine propeller model was built, and the new propulsion system power of the target ship was obtained by simulation. From the perspectives of power, economy and green, the performance and emission indexes of diesel engine and LNG engine are compared and analyzed, and the fuel cost advantage, green advantage and power performance disadvantage of LNG engine compared with diesel engine are determined. By comparing the topological structures of different hybrid propulsion forms, the new propulsion form of the ship is improved to be the gas-electric hybrid propulsion system based on the ESS (Energy Storage System), and the selection of the supercapacitors and lithium batteries is compared. Based on the low-pass filter strategy, the power distribution of the ultracapacitor and lithium battery is distributed. In order to determine the optimal ESS configuration, a capacity configuration model with investment cost, fuel cost and energy storage life as objective functions was established. NGSA-II algorithm was used to calculate the model and scheme selection was completed based on the scheme decision model. In this case, the optimal scheme significantly reduces pollutant emissions, it also reduces daily fuel costs by 38% and the result shows that we can complete the cost recovery in 1.28 years.
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RAUCA, L. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY MERCHANT VESSELS’ VOYAGE MONITORING." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXV, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-22-i2-002.
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Maritime or inland transportation is one of the essential elements of the global supply chain, contributing to over 85-90% of international trade. Although sea transportation remains one of the most important and feasible choices of goods transportation for most international trade routes, the impact on the environment is one of the major issues that need to be addressed. The maritime industry is facing high demands to find solutions to operate in a more sustainable way, to find feasible and viable decarbonization solutions. To comply with IMO regulations, the shipping industry must develop and invest in future technologies. The paper proposes a method of monitoring the voyage of a container ship, having different characteristics, to determine the impact of vessel’s activity on the environment. The research method was applied to various means of operation, such as vessel’s speed, the constructive characteristics of the ship (including those of the propulsion system), or the type of fuel used. For each case, the following are performed: monitoring of fuel consumption, calculation of emissions from ships (with an emphasis on greenhouse gases), evaluation of energy efficiency indicators. From this perspective, the article offers an environmental impact assessment solution for merchant ships, to support the management of companies in the decision-making process, to promote environmentally friendly maritime transport and sustainable development of maritime transportation.
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Liu, Guo Bin, Mu Xi Lei, Zheng Bao Lei, Chen Chen Chen, and Bi Feng Ou. "Design of Collision-Proof Equipments for Non-Navigable Hole of Inland River Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1740.
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This paper is based on the two model demonstrative project of science and technology of Changsha-Xiangtan highway which are non-navigable piers, which belong to a new extra large bridge in Xiang River. We designed Collision-proof equipment for the piers to prevent the collision between the bridge and ship. Considering the crash conditions of the local actual environment, the design could withstand the collision force created by a Ship loaded with 2000 tons, and plays a certain guiding function, so as to ensure the safety of the bridge. This paper had designed a variety of programs through UG,VPG/LS-DYNA model and simulation software, through comparing, eventually determined the optimal scheme.
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Qi, Ji, Yuying Yuan, Wei Li, Fangjing Zhang, and Yali Li. "Risk Spatial Distribution and Fluctuation Mechanism of Ship Traffic System Based on Catastrophe Control and Intelligent Sensor." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 24, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4471351.
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Navigation control system is an important navigation building of inland-river in China. Because of its special semiclosed structure, when the efficiency of the mutation control system is low, the ship system cannot identify the ship, which may endanger the life safety of the crew and cause water traffic accidents. Based on catastrophe control and intelligent sensor, this paper studies the spatial distribution and fluctuation mechanism of risk in the ship traffic system, constructs a catastrophe control model, and combines with intelligent sensors to identify the spatial distribution and fluctuation of risk in ship traffic. In this paper, a typical navigation control system of inland-river is selected as the research object, and the three-dimensional calculation model of the ship traffic system is established. The numerical simulation of catastrophe control and intelligent sensor in ship traffic systems under different ventilation conditions and the navigation water level is carried out by using computational fluid dynamics method, and the spatial distribution and fluctuation mechanism of ship traffic systems are analyzed. The results show that the maximum variation of sensitivity decreases monotonously with the decrease of the plate angle. When the other design parameters of the sensor remain unchanged, the maximum variation of sensitivity reaches the minimum when the plate angle is 10° which indicates that a small plate angle is helpful to reduce the eccentricity error. When the pitch increases from 56.32 mm to 98 mm, the maximum change of sensitivity decreases fastest, and the decrease trend of the maximum change of sensitivity slows down. In the range of 380 mm pitch, the maximum change of sensitivity decreases monotonously with the increase of pitch, which indicates that increasing the properly pitch is helpful to reduce the eccentricity error.
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Xiao, Lei, Minghai Xu, and Zhongyi Hu. "A tracking method for inland river ship based on dual filters." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 35, no. 2 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2020.113713.
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Xiao, Lei, Zhongyi Hu, and Minghai Xu. "A tracking method for inland river ship based on dual filters." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 35, no. 2 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2020.10036392.
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Kozak, Maciej, and Jarosław Chmiel. "Cold Ironing Galvanic Corrosion Issues with Regard to a Shore-to-Ship Medium Voltage Connection." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205372.
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Cold ironing refers to the usage of less polluting power supply sources to deliver electricity to the moored ship. Such a shore-to-ship system is used when the ship is at a port so the auxiliary combustion engines may be turned off. This paper presents the numerical simulation results of a medium voltage cold-ironing system with regard to the currents flowing between the ship’s hull and grounding busbar. The IT electrical inland system with a neutral grounding resistor, as commonly used in shore-to-ship systems, is investigated. Parasitic capacitances present between the phase-to-hull and phase-to-ground in real-world applications can vary from each other. The direct and alternating currents flowing across the hull, seawater and the pier structure are amongst the causes that can lead to premature reinforced concrete degradation. Chosen cases of phase-to-ground or hull unequal capacitances influencing AC stray currents were considered.
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Li, Qing Mei, Shao Rong Xie, Jun Luo, and Jian Fen Shi. "AUV Rolling Motion Control in Inland Rivers Based on Sliding Mode Control Improved by Artificial Immunity Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (June 2012): 1150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.1150.
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In order to enhance AUV motion stability in inland rivers, we introduce a new kind of sliding mode control method which is improved by artificial immunity algorithm. First, AUV motion is analyzed mathematically. Due to the disturbances from both nature and human activities, hydraulics in inland rivers is very complex. Since we concentrate on AUV motion in this paper, we simplify the environmental disturbances to two main kinds of wave forces: shallow water wave and ship wave. Then, a complete AUV rolling motion equation is established containing wave disturbances and moment from propulsion system. We use sliding mode control method to adjust propeller’s motor speed and artificial immunity algorithm to weaken the chattering brought by it. Finally, simulation of this method is carried out through Matlab and it is proved to be effective.
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Zhao, Penghui, Xiaoyuan Yu, Zongren Chen, and Yangyan Liang. "A Real-Time Ship Detector via a Common Camera." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081043.
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Advanced radars and satellites, suitable for remote monitoring, inappropriately reach the economical requirements of short-range detection. Compared with far-sightedness skills, common visible-light sensors offer more ample features conducive to distinguishing the classes. Therefore, ship detection based on visible-light cameras should cooperate with remote detection technologies. However, compared with detectors applied in inland transportation, the lack of fast ship detectors, detecting multiple ship classes, is non-negligible. To fill this gap, we propose a real-time ship detector based on fast U-Net and remapping attention (FRSD) via a common camera. The fast U-Net offered compresses features in the channel dimension to decrease the number of training parameters. The remapping attention introduced boosts the performance in various rain–fog weather conditions while maintaining the real-time speed. The ship dataset proposed contains more than 20,000 samples, alleviating the lack of ship datasets containing various classes. Data augmentation of the cross-background is especially proposed to further promote the diversity of the detecting background. In addition, the rain–fog dataset proposed, containing more than 500 rain–fog images, simulates various marine rain–fog scenarios and soaks the testing image to validate the robustness of ship detectors. Experiments demonstrate that FRSD performs relatively robustly and detects 9 classes with an mAP of more than 83%, reaching a state-of-the-art level.
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Ngo, Hieu Khanh, and Hien Tat Le. "Geometry features and performance characteristics of an inland marine propeller." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.993.
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Review performance characteristics of a marine propeller should be based on its geometric properties and the design standard of marine propeller. Based on an inland ship propeller which is currently widely used in the Ho Chi Minh city, the article provides a method of building a 3D model of this propeller from its coordinate data points obtained by a laser scanning devices. Then surveying the geometric characteristics of the marine propeller through 3D scanning, and making comparisons with the marine propeller manufacturing standards in the world in order to estimate the operating characteristics of this marine propeller. The analysis results obtained in the article can be used as a reference value for the simulation results of the characteristics of this insland marine propeller, as well as the experimental results on a miniature model of this propeller.
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Xu, Wuxiong, and Lingzhi Sang. "Visualization of Ship Collision Risk in the Inland Bridge Waterway Based on the Maritime Traffic Simulation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 782 (April 15, 2020): 052001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/782/5/052001.
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Fink, Lea, Matthias Karl, Volker Matthias, Sonia Oppo, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Jana Moldanova, Sara Jutterström, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, and Elisa Majamäki. "Potential impact of shipping on air pollution in the Mediterranean region – a multimodel evaluation: comparison of photooxidants NO2 and O3." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 1825–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1825-2023.
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Abstract. Shipping has a significant share in the emissions of air pollutants such as NOx and particulate matter (PM), and the global maritime transport volumes are projected to increase further in the future. The major route for short sea shipping within Europe and the main shipping route between Europe and East Asia are found in the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, it is a highly frequented shipping area, and high levels of air pollutants with significant potential impacts from shipping emissions are observed at monitoring stations in many cities along the Mediterranean coast. The present study is part of the EU H2020 project SCIPPER (Shipping contribution to Inland Pollution Push for the Enforcement of Regulations). Five different regional chemistry transport models (CAMx – Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions, CHIMERE, CMAQ, EMEP – European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, LOTOS-EUROS) were used to simulate the transport, chemical transformation and fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea for 2015. Shipping emissions were calculated with the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) version 3.3.0, and land-based emissions were taken from the CAMS-REG v2.2.1 dataset for a domain covering the Mediterranean Sea at a resolution of 12 km × 12 km (or 0.1∘×0.1∘). All models used their standard setup for further input. The potential impact of ships was calculated with the zero-out method. The model results were compared to each other and to measured background data at monitoring stations. The model results differ regarding the time series and pattern but are similar concerning the overall underestimation of NO2 and overestimation of O3. The potential impact from ships on the total NO2 concentration was especially high on the main shipping routes and in coastal regions (25 % to 85 %). The potential impact from ships on the total O3 concentration was lowest in regions with the highest NO2 impact (down to −20%). CAMx and CHIMERE simulated the highest potential impacts of ships on the NO2 and O3 air concentrations. Additionally, the strongest correlation was found between CAMx and CHIMERE, which can be traced back to the use of the same meteorological input data. The other models used different meteorological input due to their standard setup. The CMAQ-, EMEP- and LOTOS-EUROS-simulated values were within one range for the NO2 and O3 air concentrations. Regarding simulated deposition, larger differences between the models were found when compared to air concentration. These uncertainties and deviations between models are caused by deposition mechanisms, which are unique within each model. A reliable output from models simulating ships' potential impacts can be expected for air concentrations of NO2 and O3.
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Sun, Dan Tong, Hua Song, and Hong Wang. "Dynamic Optimization of Inland Navigation Fuel Consumption Based on Speed Distribution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.352.
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In the paper, a new method is proposed for the hot issues of the fuel-saving of the inland navigation. Firstly, the thought of segmentation is used to construct the model of fuel consumption in the inland navigation, which takes a whole grasp of the voyage. Then, we use the nested adaptive genetic algorithm and sequential quadratic approximation (SQP) method respectively to plan out the optimal distribution of speed in order to reach the lowest fuel consumption. Also, simulation of the two methods were carried out and compared. According to result analysis, the more appropriate sequential quadratic approximation method is selected. Finally, the optimal speed distribution and the lowest fuel consumption is obtained, which is with guiding significance for the sailing crew. More importantly, the method can be applied to any navigation and any ships.
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Zhan, Shuifen, Mingchao Wang, Min Wang, Qianqian Shao, Zefang Zhang, Wenxin Jiang, and Xuemin Chen. "Numerical Study on the Leakage and Diffusion of Insoluble Dangerous Chemicals from Ship in Inland River." Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 123, no. 1 (2020): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2020.08289.
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Khedmati, Mohammad Reza, Khosrow Ghavami, and Mehran Rastani. "A comparative study on three different construction methods of stiffened plates-strength behaviour and ductility characteristics." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 60, no. 2 (June 2007): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672007000200019.
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Strength and ductility characteristics of non-continuously welded stiffened plates under in plane axial compression are the main focus of this research. A series of detailed numerical analyses of stiffened steel plates subjected to in plane compressive load is performed. Complete equilibrium paths are traced up to collapse for non-linear elastoplastic response of stiffened plates. Stiffened plates are selected from the deck structure of real sea-going ships and inland waterway vessels. Three different stiffener-to-plate welding procedures are considered: continuous, chain intermittent and staggered intermittent fillet welding. Special attention is paid to the finite element modeling of the fillet welds in either of welding practices. Some available tests are simulated applying finite element method.
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Basar, Ersan. "OIL SPILL SIMULATIONS IN THE AFTERMATH OF TANKER ACCIDENT AT THE TANKER ROUTES IN THE MARMARA SEA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 1215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-1215.
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ABSTRACT Marmara is a small inland sea in Turkey, connected to the Black Sea by the Istanbul Strait (Bosporus) and to the Aegean Sea by the Canakkale Strait (Dardanelles), separating the continents of Europe and Asia; area 11,140 square km/4,300 square mi. In parts it reaches depths of over 1,200 m/3,936 ft. International importance of the Sea of Marmara stands in the forefront even though it is an inland sea of Turkey and it deals with increasing ecological problems for the last 50 years. The Pollution in the Sea of Marmara which threatens all living species cause dramatic falling in fishing potential. Increase in the volume of maritime traffic on the Strait and the Sea of Marmara have increased the risk of the maritime accidents over the years and since 1948 the number of ship accidents have been recorded as around 700. Furthermore, being on the transportation way of hazardous and dangerous materials, pose environmental and safety hazards for the Bosphorus Strait and the Marmara Sea with the surrounding residential areas. The increasing sea traffic also causes considerable congestion on the northern entrance of the Bosphorus Strait. Increase in the volume of maritime traffic on the Bosphorus and Marmara Sea heightens the risk of maritime accidents. In the present work, the risky region of Marmara Sea is chosen for simulation studies. It is assumed that 1000 tonnes of medium crude oil is spilled in the aftermath of a tanker accident. The distribution of oil spill is then determined with respect to time and space by considering 2 different wind directions and scale. The simulation code GNOME™ version 1.2.7 is utilized to generate the oil spill scenarios. As a result of these runs, spillage areas were identified as risky areas and necessary actions to minimize the effect of spill were discussed in the Marmara Sea.
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Tarasenko, T. "Approach of using a system of evaluation indicators in determining the efficiency of ships in the Danube shipping." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXV, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-22-i1-008.
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In modern conditions, there is an active interest in continuing research to reduce harmful emissions of marine engine exhaust gases into the atmosphere and prepare ships for the use of technologies with zero level of these emissions. It is known that the European Green Deal concept announced by the European Union is aimed not only at the modernization of the inland vessels, and coordinated qualitative change in its composition, but within this framework also at the large-scale implementation of the energy transition as the most effective way to achieve zero emissions into the atmosphere. At the same time, environmental aspects and issues of energy efficiency are considered as a complex task of transition to energy efficient eco-navigation. To date, for the European inland navigation participants, the stages of reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere are clearly defined and regulated with established numerical standard (reference) values for each of the components (CO, HC, NOx, PM). As for energy efficiency, discussions are still ongoing at the international level about the advisability of introducing criteria according to the principle established by the International Maritime Organization for ships based on the specific mass of harmful emissions (in terms of CO2) per unit of transport work. At the same time, there is an understanding of the specifics of navigation conditions and technologies for transporting goods, which makes us return to comparing energy efficiency and economy indicators. The team of authors made an attempt to find and offer the most comprehensive approach to assessing the energy efficiency and economy of the inland navigation vessels operation, in particular for Danube vessels, with the maximum possible consideration of the features of their operation. An integrated approach to the use of estimated indicators of the efficiency of the existing pushers with heavy convoys allows to achieve an increase in the energy efficiency of the operation of the existing fleet, as well as lead to an improvement in environmental indicators.
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T., TARASENKO. "Considerations regarding reducing Danube navigation emissions." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIV, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-21-i1-021.
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Some results of the concept working out are proposed to improve ecological parameters in the inland Danube navigation by increasing energy efficiency of the already owned fleet at the basis of possible methods, which also were proposed during GRENDEL (Green and Efficient Danube Fleet) Project, finished in November, 2020. It has been a pilot project directed to coordinate the Danube fleet modernization according to the European Green Deal conception. The results, introduced during GRENDEL Final Event show an active interest of all participants to the main objectives of the project, and both to the prolongation of investigations in this sphere. Obviously, the main interest is concentrated around issues of harmful emissions of ship main engines decreasing as soon as preparing Danube inland vessels for using technologies of zero emission. However, very expensive practical realization, Danube market falling, pandemic limitations, points of wasteland in Danube countries economics – these all factors make impossible to use modern findings and solutions in sphere of the Danube fleet modernization for today’s shipowners. Nowadays shipowners are using to feel financial deficits even for current operational maintenance. The best way to rich zero emission fast is implementation of governmental regulatory and financial support planes, which unfortunately are too far from developing and realization. The only result could be reached by shipping companies is to find the ways to improve energy efficiency for existing fleet. It will also lead to better ecological parameters.
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Kim, Yoon-Ji, Jeong-Seok Lee, Alessandro Pititto, Luigi Falco, Moon-Suk Lee, Kyoung-Kuk Yoon, and Ik-Soon Cho. "Maritime Traffic Evaluation Using Spatial-Temporal Density Analysis Based on Big AIS Data." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (November 6, 2022): 11246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111246.
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For developing national maritime traffic routes through the coastal waters of Korea, the customary maritime traffic flow must be accurately identified and quantitatively evaluated. In this study, the occupancy time of ships in cells was calculated through a density analysis based on automatic identification system data. The density map was statistically created by logarithmically transforming the density values and adopting standard deviation-based stretch visualization to increase the normality of the distribution. Many types of traffic routes such as open-sea, coastal, inland, and coastal access routes were successfully identified; moreover, the stretch color ramp ratio was reduced to identify routes having relatively high density. Adopting a single standard deviation and demonstrating the top 25% of color ramps, the analysis afforded the main routes through which customary traffic flows. This novel density analysis method and statistical visualization method is expected to be used for developing national maritime traffic routes and should ultimately contribute to maritime safety. Moreover, it provides a scientific means and simulator for determining the navigation area and analyzing conflicts with other activities in marine spatial planning.
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Koschorrek, Philipp, Martin Kosch, Maximilian Nitsch, Dirk Abel, and Dirk Jürgens. "Towards semi-autonomous operation of an over-actuated river ferry." at - Automatisierungstechnik 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2021-0152.
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Abstract The automation of ships will in the long run enable new mobility concepts and profitable business models both for offshore and inland vessels. However, automation in shipping can already today offer significant benefits for the environment as well as for the safety of people, infrastructure and the vessel itself. To gain these advantages, sophisticated sensors, reliable propulsion systems and intelligent algorithms are required. In this context, the project AKOON is investigating the potential of the automation of a river ferry. The ferry under investigation operates on the Rhine near Mainz in Germany and is being converted to a fully automated vessel as part of the research project. This article gives an overview of the guidance, navigation and control (GNC) modules of the automation with focus on the trajectory planning and trajectory tracking modules. The trajectory planning uses hybrid-state A* to find safe and fuel-efficient routes. The subsequent trajectory tracking is achieved by a two-level approach that uses a state-space controller and an optimization-based thrust allocation to efficiently operate the over-actuated propulsion system consisting of four cycloidal propellers. Results from a high-fidelity vessel simulator based on state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations show that the presented approach allows the generation of collision-free reference trajectories, that can be tracked safely even in cases of model mismatches and disturbances.
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F., Nicolae. "Performance measurement of the port logistics system." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXII, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-19-i1-053.
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Water transport has an overwhelming contribution to international trade. Between 80% and 90% of commodity trading are carried out by means of maritime transport and inland waterway transport. Under these circumstances, the port acts as logistical centre which is crossed each year by major commodity flows. Based on these aspects, the research carried out was aimed to determine a set of parameters in order to facilitate the assessment of the performance of port services provided to ships and goods. The authors suggest a set of specific parameters. These parameters need to improve performance of berths operations, especially productivity, by substantially increasing traffic by using facilities, existing human and material resources, possibly with some small-scale investments. Port performance parameters were structured as follows: production parameters, service parameters, resource use parameters and productivity parameters. The research methodology will be used further to assess these indicators and integrate them into a comparative study of the Black Sea ports.
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D., Gеorgi L. "Modern communication systems concerning future evolution of maritime safety." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXII, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-19-i1-004.
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Thе Globаl Mаritimе Distrеss аnd Sаfеty Systеm (GMDSS), wаs а mаjor chаngе to thе intеrnаtionаl rеquirеmеnts govеrning thе usе of rаdio by ships аt sеа. Thе nеw tеchniquе of digitаl sеlеctivе cаlling wаs аn еffort to аutomаtе thе wаtch on thе tеrrеstriаl mаritimе bаnds, High Frеquеncy (HF), Mеdium Frеquеncy (MF) аnd Vеry High Frеquеncy (VHF) in ordеr to providе stаblе communicаtions by еliminаting thе voicе rаdio. Thе sаtеllitе ЕPIRB systеm аlеrts hаvе suffеrеd numеrous еfforts to vаlidаtе signаls bеforе lаunching rеscuе boаts аnd аircrаft. Inmаrsаt migrаtеs thе GMDSS Sеrvicеs from thе I-3 sаtеllitе constеllаtion to thе I-4 sаtеllitе constеllаtion. During this procеss а mаnuаl intеrvеntion of thе mobilе еаrth stаtions might bе nеcеssаry. Аftеr thаt thе covеrаgе аrеаs of thе GMDSS sеrvicеs will chаngе. This pаpеr discussеs thе еxpеctеd еvolution of thе communicаtion sеrvicеs in GMDSS, with rеgаrd to sаfеty improvеmеnt, hаving in mind thе countlеss cаsеs of fаlsе аlеrting, аs wеll аs rеgistеrеd distrеss situаtions аnd criticаl еvеnts in thе Blаck Sеа rеgion. А systеmаtic procеss will bе nееdеd to modify thе GMDSS to еnsurе it will rеmаin modеrn аnd fully rеsponsivе to chаngеs in thе rеquirеmеnts аnd еvolution of tеchnology. It is nеcеssаry to еnsurе thаt mаn-mаchinе-intеrfаcе аnd thе humаn еlеmеnt will bе tаkеn into аccount. Thе communicаtions аnd informаtion аrе indispеnsаblе pаrt of mаritimе аnd inlаnd shipping, аnd undoubtеdly bеlong to thе fаmily of front еnd tеchnologiеs. Nеw аnd substаntiаl finаl dеcisions of WRC 15, аs wеll аs dеcisions of othеr orgаnizаtions, concеrning thе following: Chаnnеlizing in Аppеndix 18 of thе Rаdio Rеgulаtions, tеchnicаl chаrаctеristics likе modulаtion аnd coding schеmеs, thе bеnеfits from tеrrеstriаl аnd sаtеllitе pаrts of VDЕS, its usаgе in VTS, GMDSS, е-nаvigаtion, inlаnd shipping, аnd its potеntiаl in sеаrch аnd rеscuе аctivitiеs аrе dеscribеd.
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Li, Shijie, Chengqi Xu, and Jialun Liu. "Data-driven model predictive control of underactuated ships with unknown dynamics in confined waterways." Journal of Navigation, October 5, 2022, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463322000522.
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Abstract Inland waterway transportation is one of the most important means to transport cargo in rivers and canals. To facilitate autonomous navigation for ships in inland waterways, this paper proposes a data-driven approach for predictions and control of underactuated ships with unknown dynamics, which integrates model predictive control (MPC) with an iterative learning control (ILC) scheme. In each iteration, kernel-based linear regressors are used to identify the relations between the evolution of ship states and control inputs based on the stored data from previous iterations and the collected data during operation, so as to build the system prediction model. The data are dynamically used to fix the prediction model over iterations, as well as to improve the controller performance until it converges. The proposed approach does not require prior knowledge regarding the hydrodynamic coefficients and ship parameters, but learns from the data instead. In addition, it exploits the advantages of MPC in handling constraints with minimised overall cost. Simulation results show that the controller could start from a nominal, linear data-driven ship model and then learn to reduce the path-following errors based on the data obtained over iterations.
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Delefortrie, Guillaume, Jose Villagomez, and Jeroen Verwilligen. "Maneuvring Behavior of Push Convoys in Different Barge Configurations." Journal of Ship Research, October 10, 2022, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/josr.1220005.
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_ Ship maneuvring simulators are a useful tool for the design of inland waterways and for training of skippers. The realism of the maneuvring prediction is a key success factor. In this paper, a 6 DOF (degrees of freedom) maneuvring model is presented which is able to predict the maneuvring behavior of push convoys in different, rigidly connected configurations (number of barges, draft of the barges, and position of the pusher) and for different water depths. The coefficients of this maneuvring model have been determined based on captive model tests and the realism is exemplified with a number of fast time simulation runs, including the turning on the spot of a convoy by means of uncoupled control of rudders and propellers. Final validations were performed during real-time simulation runs with experienced skippers. Introduction Knowledge on the maneuvring prediction of inland vessels is a key factor to determine the navigability of the waterways, especially when their water depth is limited (shallow water). The quality and accuracy of mathematical models require a continuous improvement. Push convoys operating in shallow water are intensively used performing long trips or elaborated maneuvers such as turning from a river into a harbor, turning on the spot, and astern sailing. An appropriate modeling of their maneuvring capacity requires a mathematical model able to operate in four quadrants (ahead or astern motion, combined with ahead or astern propulsion). In literature, papers which deal with the creation of reliable mathematical models for this type of inland vessels and their applications are rather scarce.
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Islam, Muhammad Rabiul, A. K. M. Samiu Haque Barnil, Md Shaidur Rahman, and Khandakar Akhter Hossain. "Applicability of Current Statutory Rules for Stability Requirements of Bangladesh Inland Passenger Vessels." Journal of Ship Research, September 28, 2022, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/josr.12210049.
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_ Applicability of current Bangladesh inland vessels stability rule has been investigated for the local passenger vessels. Bangladesh inland vessel’s stability rule is exactly the same as international stability code (2008), despite of the different environmental load in navigational routes. The restricted waterways limit the dimension of the vessels. It has been found that domestic passenger vessels have changed their dimensions considerably from the year 1974 to 2009. But analysis shows, still most of the domestic passenger vessels exceed the dimensional ratio range that is specified in both the righting lever-based criteria and weather criterion of international code. The part of the weather criterion, specifically estimation method for the angle of roll due to wind and wave action has been studied in details. Different nationals have adopted values of governing parameters for extended range of vessel dimensions, which can also successfully cover all the Bangladesh domestic passenger vessels. As per the code 2008, for ships with values outside of the addressed range, the angle of roll may be determined with model experiments of a subject ship as alternative weather criterion. Bangladesh is still lacking both in facility and infrastructure for carrying model tests. This study shows that computer simulation can be used in exchange of experimental setup where the simulation result can be validated by Parameter Identification Technique, which is described as an alternative approach in the interim guideline of International Maritime Organization (IMO). Introduction Passenger vessel accident is a persistent phenomenon in Bangladesh inland waterways. Thousands of people have passed away due to these catastrophic incidents. The major two modes of failure that are responsible for accidents in waterways are identified as structural failure and stability failure (Islam et al. 2015a). Structural failure like collision also leads to stability failure (Damage Stability). Iqbal et al. (2008a, 2008b) analyzed the Bangladesh inland passenger vessels accident data of 25 years and found that in 49% cases, the failure was due to lose of intact stability. Raiyan et al. (2017) have done event tree analysis of marine accidents in Bangladesh taking initial condition as overloading. Literature study (Awal 2006; Awal et al. 2007; Awal et al. 2014; Islam et al. 2015b; Rahman 2017) shows that researchers have proposed many general recommendations from different point of view to prevent the passenger vessel accidents. But still now, no attempt has been made to analyze the currently applicable statutory rules for ensuring the safety in inland waterways, which is mainly Bangladesh Inland Vessels Stability Rule including Weather Criterion (Zulfikar 2005). Stability rules of inland vessels are to be governed by standard localized condition of the subjected parameters. The socioeconomic condition, local environment, as well as infrastructural development like availability of model test facilities need to be considered for smooth and proper application of stability rules which then can only ensure the safety of local vessels. This implies that the individual efforts of concern country in research and analysis are of great importance for the development of practicable stability rules of inland vessels.
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"Grounding crashworthiness of an inland floating structure." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXV, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-22-i1-006.
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Considering the morphological and hydrological phenomena that occur within the inland navigation waterways and the constant maintenance required to ensure safe navigation limits, the risk of grounding of ships can be considered imminent at any given moment. The latter, combined with the year-round fluctuations in the water depth, increases furthermore the risk of accidents. The purpose of the current paper is to evaluate the crashworthiness of a typical inland structure under different grounding scenarios. The study numerically analyses the grounding effect on a river-barge structure. To calibrate the numerical model, a benchmark collision study has been reproduced and the obtained results have been compared. Based on the previous studies of the Danube riverbed, the shape of the indenter has been chosen and employed within the framework of this paper. The analysis study has been performed considering the structure without preload, as well as the ballast and full loading pre-stressed conditions, for a transversal angle of attack of the indenter. Following the grounding impact analysis sets, the damage of the subjected structure has been evaluated using the maximum displacement of the indenter and the total internal deformation energy consumed.
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"HOT ROLL BONDING OF ALUMINUM FLAT COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH STEEL MESH INLAYS." Theory and practice of metallurgy, no. 6 (November 20, 2018): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/tpm.6.2018.04.
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A flat roll bonded composite material based on aluminum matrix and reinforcing steel mesh inlets can be applied in aero-space, automotive, train, ship building, and household industries. However, the development of its manufacturing technology requires complete understanding of transformation of its components during the roll bonding process as well as an impact of technological parameters on its bonding quality. Thus, bonding properties between aluminum clad layers AA6060 and steel meshed reinforcement inlets AISI 304 (expanded sheet) and ASISI 321 (wire mesh) of roll-bonded reinforced composite have been investigated in this study. The applied reduction was 30 and 20 %, the temperature of the roll bonding process was 500 and 400℃, the temperature of the heat treatment process was 520℃ with holding time 45 minutes. During the peel test, the destruction of inlets was observed in all cases, therefore, no data were obtained regarding the correlation between the reduction magnitude and the peel strength. At the same time, the effect of temperature and heat treatment on the bonding strength between layers have been studied by means of peel test. In addition, a simulation of the hot roll bonding process of aluminum with expanded mesh inlets was developed using the finite element method (FEM) via QForm software. Conditions of FEM simulation corresponded to experimental ones and the simulation was verified with the experiment by the comparison of deformation parameters of whole composites and angles between strands during the opening of expanded mesh cells.
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Amro, Ahmed, and Vasileios Gkioulos. "Cyber risk management for autonomous passenger ships using threat-informed defense-in-depth." International Journal of Information Security, November 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-022-00638-y.
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AbstractRecent innovations in the smart city domain have led to the proposition of a new mode of transportation utilizing Autonomous Passenger Ships (APS) or ferries in inland waterways. The novelty of the APS concept influenced the cyber risk paradigm and led to different considerations regarding attack objectives, techniques as well as risk management approaches. The main factor that has led to this is the autoremote operational mode, which refers to autonomous operations and remote supervision and control in case of emergency. The autoremote operational mode influences the risk of cyber attacks due to the increased connectivity and reliance on technology for automating navigational functions. On the other hand, the presence of passengers without crew members imposes a safety risk factor in cyber attacks. In this paper, we propose a new cyber risk management approach for managing the cyber risks against cyber physical systems in general and Autonomous Passenger Ships in particular. Our proposed approach aims to improve the Defense-in-Depth risk management strategy with additional components from the Threat-Informed Defense strategy allowing for more evolved cyber risk management capabilities. Moreover, we have utilized the proposed cyber risk management approach for the proposition of a cybersecurity architecture for managing the cyber risks against an APS use case named milliAmpere2. Additionally, we present our results after conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in cybersecurity evaluation in the maritime domain. Then, the findings of the SLR were utilized for a suitable evaluation of the proposed risk management approach. Our findings suggest that our proposed risk management approach named Threat-Informed Defense-in-Depth is capable of enriching several risk management activities across different stages in the system development life cycle. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation of the cybersecurity posture of milliAmpere2 has been conducted using several approaches including risk evaluation, simulation, checklist, and adversary emulation. Our evaluation has uncovered several limitations in the current cybersecurity posture and proposed actions for improvement.