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Journal articles on the topic 'Ink−powder interactions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Barui, Srimanta, Hui Ding, Zixin Wang, Hu Zhao, Shashidhara Marathe, Wajira Mirihanage, Bikramjit Basu, and Brian Derby. "Probing Ink–Powder Interactions during 3D Binder Jet Printing Using Time-Resolved X-ray Imaging." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 30 (June 22, 2020): 34254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c03572.

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2

Hammer, Sonja, Sándor Bekö, Jürgen Glinnemann, and Martin Schmidt. "Crystal Structures of Pigment Red 57:1." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098611.

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Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Angewandte Chemie, The New York Times, The Sun, El Pais, La Republica, Le Monde, Shanghai Daily, and many more journals and newspapers are printed with Pigment Red 57:1. P.R.57:1 (C18H12CaN2O6S · n H2O, n = 0,1,3) is the most important organic red pigment with a production of more than 50,000 tons per year and an annual sales volume of more than 200 million Euro.[1] In printing ink the pigment is not dissolved, but finely dispersed. Consequently its solid-state properties are maintained. Like most pigments, P.R.57:1 occurs in different crystal phases with different colours. Upon synthesis a trihydrate is formed. Drying at 500C generates a monohydrate with magenta shade, which is used for printing inks. The monohydrate is thermally stable up to temperatures higher than 1900C before it releases water to yield a hygroscopic anhydrous phase with dull dark magenta shade. For all three phases the growth of single crystals is impeded by the low solubility of the pigment in most media. The crystal structures of all three forms were determined from in-house X-ray powder data.[2] The structures were solved by real-space methods with simulated annealing. Subsequently a Rietveld refinement with restraints on bond lengths, bond angles and planar groups was performed. All three phases crystallize in space-group type P21/c, Z = 4. The trihydrate and the monohydrate show eightfold coordination of the Ca ions, the anhydrate a sevenfold one. Apparently the increasing anion-cation interactions lead to the observed colour shift. The arrangement of cations and anions is similar in all three forms. The crystal structures exhibit double layers, one polar, one nonpolar. The polar layer consists of water molecules, calcium ions, sulfonate, keto and carboxylate groups, held together mostly by hydrogen bonds and Coulomb interactions. The nonpolar layer contains naphthalene and toluene moieties.
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3

Hamano, Ryohei, and Toshiyuki Ikoma. "Preparation of α-alumina powder and binder For 3D printer." MRS Advances 3, no. 18 (2018): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.300.

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ABSTRACTAlpha-alumina is a ceramic with excellent chemical stability, mechanical property, high melting point, and insulating property; however, it shows poor workability due to its low fracture toughness. There are a lot of molding processes for α-alumina, such as press molding and extrusion methods. 3D printing is rapidly growing technology to make complex and precious moldings. However, there are still only a few descriptions on 3D ink-jet powder laminating printings for α-alumina due to no self-hydration hardening property. To achieve α-alumina moldings with the 3D ink-jet printers, powder fluidity of α-alumina powders and binders for bonding the powders should be investigated. The powders mixed with α-alumina at 20, 3.4 and 0.4 μm in sizes were adjusted to improve powder fluidity and packing density. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyallylamine (PAA) including other additives was used as an ink. The addition of PVA on the adjusted powders made no chemical interaction of powders and no retention of shapes, but that of PAA formed the printed moldings. The relative packing density and compressive strength of the printed moldings were 40 % and 8.2 kPa, which was clearly depended on the printed directions due to the nozzle structure of printer head. Sintering the moldings at 1500°C caused near-net zero shrinkage and improved the maximum compressive strength at 3.6 MPa.
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4

Kitsak, A. I. "Efficiency of fire extinguishing with general purpose fire extinguishing powder in case of non-stationary interaction of its particles with burning material." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 65, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2020-65-4-476-486.

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of fire extinguishing by jet systems of powder fire extinguishing in conditions of non-stationary heat exchange processes and heterogeneous inhibition of active flame centers by powder particles was the aim of the work. The theoretical dependence of the amount of heat, absorbed by the particles of fire extinguishing powder, and the reaction rate of heterogeneous active centers of flame, inhibiting them, in non-stationary conditions of heat transfer, as well as inhibition reaction for fire extinguishing ink jet systems were obtained. The extinguishing of a flame with a fire extinguishing powder under non-stationary conditions is more effective, the smaller is the effective size of the powder particles, the longer is their stay in the combustion zone, and the shorter are the characteristic times of heat transfer and inhibition reaction. Comparison of the estimates of the characteristic duration of heat transfer and inhibition reaction for widely used fire extinguishing powders has shown a large inertia of the thermal mechanism of fire extinguishing, which greatly reduces its effectiveness at high speeds of powder particles in the combustion zone.
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5

Kitsak, A. I. "Efficiency of fire extinguishing with general purpose fire extinguishing powder in case of non-stationary interaction of its particles with burning material." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 65, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2020-65-4-476-486.

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of fire extinguishing by jet systems of powder fire extinguishing in conditions of non-stationary heat exchange processes and heterogeneous inhibition of active flame centers by powder particles was the aim of the work. The theoretical dependence of the amount of heat, absorbed by the particles of fire extinguishing powder, and the reaction rate of heterogeneous active centers of flame, inhibiting them, in non-stationary conditions of heat transfer, as well as inhibition reaction for fire extinguishing ink jet systems were obtained. The extinguishing of a flame with a fire extinguishing powder under non-stationary conditions is more effective, the smaller is the effective size of the powder particles, the longer is their stay in the combustion zone, and the shorter are the characteristic times of heat transfer and inhibition reaction. Comparison of the estimates of the characteristic duration of heat transfer and inhibition reaction for widely used fire extinguishing powders has shown a large inertia of the thermal mechanism of fire extinguishing, which greatly reduces its effectiveness at high speeds of powder particles in the combustion zone.
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6

Chen, Tian Ding. "Chinese Calligraphy Brush Stroke Interactive Model with Ink Diffusion Style." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.507.

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This paper presents an interactive method of using ink diffusion, and gradually approaching simulation brush character with style of Chinese painting and calligraphy. Try to use materials based on the Chinese ink painting: ink and rice paper, according to their characteristics to build the diffusion rules to simulate text ink. Although the initial can show the phenomenon of ink rendering, they can only show diffusion of the ink with black lines, Can not rendering a complete ink diffusion behavior, it is difficult to form a sense of artistic calligraphy. It proposes Interactive model to amend the power of the brush pen and puts forward a binding behavior of ink broken down. The results show that based on the pratice physical meaning, considering the interaction of the two materials(ink and rice paper), appropriate to improve the mathematical equation model to render the calligraphy image more in line with Chinese ink painting style.
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7

Srivastav, Harsh, Adam Z. Weber, and Clayton J. Radke. "Predicting Fuel Cell Ink Aggregation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 41 (October 9, 2022): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02411533mtgabs.

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Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) provide multisector decarbonization solutions including in transportation, manufacturing, and long-term energy storage. They have become increasingly popular in these areas due to their high efficiency, power density, and low (or zero) emissions compared to traditional fossil-fuel dependent processes. The PEFC catalyst layer is the most complex and key part of the cell, and is critical for optimizing PEFC performance. Several studies have explored the structure/function relationships of PEFC catalyst layers, yet the physics and interactions controlling its in-situ formation remain a mystery. PEFC catalyst layers are traditionally fabricated out of a catalyst supported on a carbon nanoparticle with an ionomer, traditionally perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) such as Nafion, as a binder, which stabilizes the carbon suspensions in the ink dispersion. Recent studies demonstrated the importance of pH as an experimental parameter for both comparison and characterization of such systems.1 In this talk, we explore the interactions in the colloidal inks through detailed mathematical modeling. We propose a kinetics-based model representing species aggregation with pointwise interacting spheres that vary in charge through buried side chains for predicting the aggregation behavior of Nafion and carbon in solutions under varying conditions, such as solvent, Nafion wt% and carbon wt%. To demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the model, we compare the results against a range of pH conditions and size distributions. The insights from the model help establish design criteria and guide future ink and process conditions. Acknowledgements This study was conducted under the Million Miles Fuel Cell Truck Consortium (M2FCT) funded by the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office in the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. References S. A. Berlinger, B. D. McCloskey, and A. Z. Weber, J. Phys. Chem. B, 122, 7790–7796 (2018).
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8

Wang, Lei, and Na Li. "Pythagorean fuzzy interaction power Bonferroni mean aggregation operators in multiple attribute decision making." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 35, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 150–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22204.

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9

Boulware, Douglas, John Salerno, Nina Zumel, and Michael Manno. "Buddy: Harnessing the power of the internet." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 23, no. 1 (2007): 82–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.20249.

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10

Vu, Thu Ha Thi, Minh Dang Nguyen, and Anh Tuan Ngoc Mai. "Influence of Solvents on the Electroactivity of PtAl/rGO Catalyst Inks and Anode in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6649089.

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This paper presents research on the effects of common solvents such as n-butyl acetate, isopropanol, and ethanol on the properties and electroactivity of catalyst ink based on PtAl/rGO. The inks prepared by mixing PtAl/rGO catalyst, Nafion solution (5 wt%), and solvent were coated on carbon cloth by the spin coating method. The results obtained showed that ethanol was the most suitable solvent for the preparation of catalyst ink with a volume ratio between catalyst slurry and solvent of 1 : 1 (CI-EtOH (1/1) ink). The surface of the CI-EtOH (1/1) coated electrode was smooth, flat, and even and had no cracks due to the increase of Nafion mobility, resulting in significant improvement in the interaction between Pt particles and ionomer. Moreover, the electrochemical activity of the CI-EtOH (1/1) ink in ethanol electrooxidation reaction, in both acidic and alkaline media, has the highest value, with the forward current density, IF, reaching 1793 mA mgPt−1 and 4751 mA mgPt−1, respectively. In the application in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), the CI-EtOH ink-coated anode also exhibited the highest power density in both PEM-DEFC (with a proton exchange membrane) and AEM-DEFC (with an anion exchange membrane) at 19.10 mW cm−2 and 27.07 mW cm−2, respectively.
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11

Park, Jaehyung, Nancy N. Kariuki, and Deborah J. Myers. "Microstructure Characterization of Catalysis Layers during Ink Drying Process for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (July 7, 2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351417mtgabs.

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A catalyst ink for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is generally prepared by various mixing methods by dispersing platinum or platinum alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon blacks with ionomers in a specific solvent or solvent combination. The catalyst ink is deposited on the surface of the membrane or diffusion media and is typically subjected to elevated temperatures to facilitate rapid removal of solvent. Large carbon agglomerates resulting from sub-optimal ink dispersion and drying conditions can limit catalyst utilization, inhibit mass transport in the catalyst layer, and damage the membrane and possibly also the gas diffusion media [1, 2]. Micro-structural evolution of the catalyst ink can be controlled by interactions of the ionomer in the catalyst-ionomer ink and by the effect of ink solvent composition on those interactions during the ink drying process. This presentation will describe the results of in-situ/ex-situ X-ray scattering studies of the evolution of the cathode catalyst layer during the ink drying process to determine the impact of solvent removal rates and solvent identity on the structural evolution of the cathode catalyst layer. These studies also included operando ink drying at room temperature, under an atmosphere containing the solvent, and a high temperature. Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) was used to measure the agglomerate size distribution during the ink drying. A small environmental chamber was used to examine drying phenomena of high solid-content inks and dispersions to determine structural evolution during ink drying. The effects of ionomer concentration, catalyst concentration, and solvent composition on the microstructure of the catalyst inks and electrode are correlated with the MEA performance and operando diagnostic data. The goal of these studies is to guide the MEA fabrication process to optimize MEA performance and durability. References [1] I. V. Zenyuk, N. Englund, G. Bender, A. Z. Weber and M. Ulsh, J. Power Sources 332 (2016), 372–382. [2] M.Wang, J.Park, S. Kabir, K. C. Neyerlin, N. Kariuki, H. Lv, V. R. Stamenkovic, D. J. Myers, M. Ulsh, and S. A. Mauger, ACS Applied Energy Materials 2 (2019), 6417-6427 Acknowledgements Argonne National Laboratory is managed for the U.S Department of Energy (DOE) by the University of Chicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC-02-06CH11357. This work was authored in part by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. This research used the resources of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), a U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research is conducted under the auspices of the Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck (M2FCT) Consortium (https://millionmilefuelcelltruck.org), which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office.
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12

Auxilio, Anthony R., Philip C. Andrews, Peter C. Junk, and Leone Spiccia. "Adsorption of Ink-Jet Inks and Anionic Dyes onto Mg-Al-NO3 Layered Double Hydroxides of Variable Mg:Al Molar Ratio." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 1 (2010): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09362.

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Layered double hydroxides are materials that show promise as adsorbing media for ink-jet printing. In this work, layered double hydroxides with nitrate as interlayer anions and with variable Mg:Al molar ratios ranging from 2.2 to 8.1 have been synthesized at constant pH by the coprecipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and helium pycnometry techniques. The ability of these materials to adsorb ink-jet inks (BCI-Cyan, BCI-Yellow, and BCI-Magenta) and anionic dyes (CI Acid Blue 9 (AB9), CI Acid Yellow 23 (AY23), and CI Acid Red 37 (AR37)) were investigated. BCI-Yellow was found to have high affinity for material with an Mg:Al molar ratio between 2.2 and 4.0, whereas BCI-Cyan and BCI-Magenta showed a high affinity when the Mg:Al molar ratio was between 4.8 and 5.5. The adsorption isotherms for AB9, AY23, and AR37 on the material with Mg:Al molar ratios 2.2–5.5 exhibited H-type curves, indicating a very strong interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbent. Although there was no clear systematic correlation between the MgsAl molar ratio and the Cm (dye capacity) and Ka (dye affinity), the optimum Mg:Al molar ratio was 4.0, and this material has the potential to be used in Ink-Receptive Layer formulation.
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13

Wei, Guiwu, and Mao Lu. "Pythagorean fuzzy power aggregation operators in multiple attribute decision making." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 33, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.21946.

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14

Song, Moxian, Wen Jiang, Chunhe Xie, and Deyun Zhou. "A New Interval Numbers Power Average Operator in Multiple Attribute Decision Making." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 32, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.21861.

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15

Song, Yutong, and Yong Deng. "A new soft likelihood function based on power ordered weighted average operator." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 34, no. 11 (August 29, 2019): 2988–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22182.

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16

Saito, Yuki, Kayoung Park, Magnus So, and Gen Inoue. "(Digital Presentation) Simulation of Agglomeration in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalyst Inks." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 39 (October 9, 2022): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02391393mtgabs.

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Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are expected to use as a power source for new generation automobiles, especially heavy-duty vehicles because of their low environmental affection. To be widely spread, it is essential to increase their power output and reduce the cost of catalyst platinum. Since oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is the dominant reaction, there is a need to improve the oxygen transport and proton conductivity. In recent years, porous carbon has been studied and it has been found its high activity and durability. However, the catalyst layer made of porous carbon gets a lower voltage than that made of non-porous carbon in the high current density area. This output reduction results from high oxygen transport resistance, but it is unclear how the porous structure influences the performance. So in this study, we assumed the following relation. Firstly, the difference in voltage at a high current density between carbons results in oxygen transport properties. Secondly, their properties depend on an effective oxygen diffusion coefficient, which is determined by the porous structure in the catalyst layer. And finally, the factor that attributes the catalyst layer structure is the size of the agglomerate in the catalyst ink because the catalyst layer is fabricated by the wet process. Therefore, we focused on the particle agglomeration process in catalyst ink and calculated the agglomerate behavior under various ink conditions using a numerical model. The differences in the agglomeration and its factors were also examined for carbon with different internal pores. A three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was used to calculate agglomeration. Initially, aggregates, the smallest unit of carbon black, were placed randomly in the cubic region. In this simulation, aggregates were regarded as spheres. The distance of movement was determined by solving the equation of motion. For each particle, the fluid drag, Brownian motion, and particle interactions were considered. The particle-particle interaction included the forces based on DLVO theory [1] and the ionomer effect. Several studies show that ionomer adsorbed on the carbon aggregates improves their stability. So it was assumed that the ionomer effect was the repulsive force and modeled using the same equation as for the EDL force. The dielectric constant dependence of this effect was used in the function previously reported by Magnus et al. [2]. The carbon particles assumed here were non-porous (Vulcan) and porous (Ketjen), and were coated with Pt particles. The initial average diameter of the aggregates was 300 nm. Hamaker coefficient was expressed as an average of the physical properties of platinum and carbon black, which was weighted by the percentage of platinum loaded on the surface of the carbon particles. The solvent was a mixture of 1-propanol (NPA) and water, and the dielectric constant of the ink was expressed as a weighted average of the composition ratio of water and NPA. The simulation was conducted under various water/alcohol ratios and ionomer/carbon ratios (I/C). From this model, it was confirmed that the carbon internal pores affect the size of the agglomerate in the catalyst ink. References [1] B. Derjaguin et al., Prog. Surf. Sci., 43 30 (1993). [2] M. So et al., Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 44 28984 (2019).
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17

Chen, Zhen‐Song, Lan‐Lan Yang, Rosa M. Rodríguez, Sheng‐Hua Xiong, Kwai‐Sang Chin, and Luis Martínez. "Power‐average‐operator‐based hybrid multiattribute online product recommendation model for consumer decision‐making." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 36, no. 6 (March 8, 2021): 2572–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22394.

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Himeur, Yassine, Abdullah Alsalemi, Faycal Bensaali, and Abbes Amira. "Smart power consumption abnormality detection in buildings using micromoments and improved K‐nearest neighbors." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 36, no. 6 (March 8, 2021): 2865–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22404.

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19

Jiang, Wen, Boya Wei, Xiang Liu, Xiaoyang Li, and Hanqing Zheng. "Intuitionistic Fuzzy Power Aggregation Operator Based on Entropy and Its Application in Decision Making." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 33, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.21939.

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Himeur, Yassine, Abdullah Alsalemi, Faycal Bensaali, and Abbes Amira. "An intelligent nonintrusive load monitoring scheme based on 2D phase encoding of power signals." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 36, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22292.

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Liu, Peide, and Weiqiao Liu. "Multiple-attribute group decision-making based on power Bonferroni operators of linguisticq-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 34, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 652–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22071.

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Du, Wen Sheng. "Weighted power means of q‐rung orthopair fuzzy information and their applications in multiattribute decision making." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 34, no. 11 (August 23, 2019): 2835–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22167.

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23

Baez-Cotto, Carlos M., Jason P. Pfeilsticker, Andres O. Godoy, Mariah Batool, Sarah Zaccarine, Min Wang, Olivia Bird, et al. "The effect of ink ball milling time on interparticle interactions and ink microstructure and their influence on crack formation in rod-coated catalyst layers." Journal of Power Sources 583 (November 2023): 233567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233567.

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Karayiannis, Nicolaos B., Mahesh Balasubramanian, and Heidar A. Malki. "Short-term electric power load forecasting based on cosine radial basis function neural networks: An experimental evaluation." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 20, no. 6 (2005): 591–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.20084.

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Samsinas, Samsinas. "IMPLEMENTASI ISLAM INA-INA PEDAGANG KELILING DI KECAMATAN PALU BARAT KOTA PALU." Al-Mishbah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah dan Komunikasi 13, no. 2 (October 15, 2017): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/al-mishbah.vol13.iss2.91.

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This paper deals with the societal structure where ina-ina live, and its influences toward their religious life, which in turn, gives impacts on their social interaction either in family or social environment. Sociologically, female peddlers (ina-ina) are part of Muslim community in their village. They are responsible for their family and society, establishing social harmony. Although female peddlers are economically poor, they do not want to be burden for the governnent and other people. Their religious commitment becomes a basis of power to survive, living a positif live for the future of their family especially their children. They recognize that this life is a mandate and which should be lived with pleasure. The factors that influence ina-ina female peddlers in such vilages as Tipo, Loli and Kanuna, include economic, social, cultural, educational, political and religious. It is these factors that define ina-ina female peddlers’ religious life.
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Liu, Peide, and Weiqiao Liu. "Multiple‐attribute group decision‐making method of linguisticq‐rung orthopair fuzzy power Muirhead mean operators based on entropy weight." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 34, no. 8 (May 29, 2019): 1755–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22114.

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Ju, Yanbing, Chao Luo, Jun Ma, and Aihua Wang. "A novel multiple‐attribute group decision‐making method based on q ‐rung orthopair fuzzy generalized power weighted aggregation operators." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 34, no. 9 (July 26, 2019): 2077–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22132.

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Wicaksono, Yudi, Viddy Agustian Rosidi, Sri Yessika Saragih, Lyta Septi Fauziah, and Dwi Setyawan. "PREPARATION OF SPRAY DRIED COAMORPHOUS SOLIDS TO IMPROVE THE SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14706.

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Atorvastatin calcium (AC) is a statin drug used to lower cholesterol. Its crystalline form is usually found in the market with low solubility properties. The amorphization of crystalline AC is a technique used to increase its solubility however; the amorphous form has less thermodynamic stability. Therefore, to increase the solubility properties of its crystalline form, an AC coamorphous solid was prepared. This coamorphous solid was prepared using spray drying techniques, and coformers such as isonicotinamide (INA) and maleic acid (MA). Furthermore, characterization was carried out using powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, while the solubility properties test was conducted using the shake-flask and paddle method. The results showed that the spray-dried solids were coamorphous with single-phase homogeneous systems. Furthermore, the coamorphous solids, AC-INA and AC-MA were found to have a higher Tg than the melting points of other components, and formed intermolecular interactions between them. The higher Tg and presence of intermolecular interactions indicate that coamorphous solids are more stable than the amorphous form. Therefore, the results of the solubility and dissolution test showed that the coamorphous solid of AC-INA and AC-MA have better solubility properties compared to the AC crystalline form.
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Aurahs, L., C. Kasper, M. Kürner, M. G. Rose, S. Staudacher, and J. Gier. "Water flow model turbine flow visualization study of the unsteady interaction of secondary flow vortices with the downstream rotor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 223, no. 6 (July 21, 2009): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09576509jpe841.

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This article presents detailed flow visualization photographs, root mean square processed photography, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of the interaction of the vane passage vortex and horseshoe vortex with the rotor of an axial flow turbine model. Different modes of vortex breakdown behaviour have been experimentally observed inside the rotating passage of the turbine blade. These are spiral vortex mode and bubble mode breakdown. The breakdown mode changes as the vortices are influenced by the periodic pressure field of the rotor. The measurements were taken in a vertical water channel with ink injection for flow visualization. Unsteady CFD analyses have been made with some success in prediction of the unsteady flow structures. In particular, the pre-instability behaviour of the passage vortex in the experiments matches the results of the numerical investigations.
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Teng, Fei, Zhengmin Liu, and Peide Liu. "Some power Maclaurin symmetric mean aggregation operators based on Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic numbers and their application to group decision making." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 33, no. 9 (May 18, 2018): 1949–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22005.

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Bai, Kaiyuan, Xiaomin Zhu, Jun Wang, and Runtong Zhang. "Power partitioned Heronian mean operators for q ‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic sets with their application to multiattribute group decision making." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 35, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22196.

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Aydemir, Salih Berkan, and Sevcan Yilmaz Gunduz. "A novel approach to multi‐attribute group decision making based on power neutrality aggregation operator for q ‐rung orthopair fuzzy sets." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 36, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 1454–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.22350.

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Shinde, Omkar A., Ankita Bansal, Angela Banerjee, and Supriya Sarkar. "Bioremediation of steel plant wastewater and enhanced electricity generation in microbial desalination cell." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 8 (March 17, 2018): 2101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.126.

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Abstract Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a propitious technology towards water desalination by utilizing wastewater as an energy source. In this study, a multi-chambered MDC was used to bioremediate steel plant wastewater using the same wastewater as a fuel for anodic bacteria. A pure culture of Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1194 was isolated and inoculated to remove toxic phenol. Three different inoculum conditions, namely P. putida (INC-A), a mixture of P. putida and activated sludge (INC-B), and activated sludge alone (INC-C) were employed in an anodic chamber to mainly compare the electricity generation and phenol degradation in MDCs. The study revealed the maximum phenol removal of 82 ± 2.4%, total dissolved solids (TDS) removal of 68 ± 1.5%, and power generation of 10.2 mW/m2 using INC-B. The synergistic interactions between microorganisms, can enhance the toxic phenol degradation and also electricity generation in MDC for onsite wastewater application.
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Feshchenko, Liubov, and Gleb Vodinchar. "Construction of complex shell models of MHD turbulence in computer algebra systems." E3S Web of Conferences 196 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019602008.

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The paper describes the developed by authors technique for construct-ing complex shell models of turbulence. The compilation of the equa-tions of this model and its exactly solution are implemented using by computer algebra system. The technique allows one to vary the sizes of nonlocality of nonlinear interaction in the space of scales, expressions for shell analogues of conservation laws, and the nature of stationary solutions with different power distribution.
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Casano, Jonathan D. L., Jenilyn L. Agapito, Abigail S. Moreno, and Ma Mercedes T. Rodrigo. "INF-Based Tracking and Characterization of Museum Visitor Paths and Behaviors Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474830.

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This article presents a study that analyzes the visitor experience by using location data collected through Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) beacons. A visual analysis of the visitors’ behavior and interactions with the artworks at the Ateneo Art Gallery, the first museum of modern art in the Philippines, was conducted. The Immediate, Near, Far (INF) framework was built on top of earlier studies to provide a finer approximation of the visitors’ location in an enclosed space. It was used to operationalize the different metrics used to characterize visitors’ behaviors and such behaviors vis-á-vis tracked museum areas such as Holding Power and Attraction Power. Two additional metrics were introduced—the Re-Attraction Power and Nearness. This work strives to contribute to research on museum visitorship particularly within a developing world context.
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Park, Sangwon, Wheejae Kim, Dongjoon Kim, and No-Cheol Park. "Shaping acoustic radiation induced by vibrotactile rendering on a touch surface." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2661.

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Many electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces aim to provide vibrotactile feedback, along with visual or auditory feedback, to facilitate the interaction between the user and the interface. In parallel to these efforts, recent studies developed various vibration rendering techniques, enabling more complex vibration patterns to be generated on the touch surface. However, few have addressed sound radiation induced by vibrotactile rendering on a touch surface, which could significantly impact the haptic interaction's overall perception. This study presents a method to shape the acoustic radiation due to rendering high-fidelity vibrotactile feedback on a touch surface. The proposed method utilizes measured frequency response functions and a vibroacoustic representation of the touch surface to define the relationship between actuator driving signals, vibration responses on the touch surface, and radiated sound power. Proper actuator driving signals are derived from the optimization problem formulated using the relationship. The proposed method was demonstrated through vibration rendering experiments on a touch surface comprising an acrylic plate and voice coil actuators. The results showed that the proposed method could shape the acoustic radiation while rendering target vibration patterns at desired positions on the touch surface. This study's proposed method could allow haptic engineers to design vibrotactile feedback and sound radiation simultaneously for a more compelling haptic experience.
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Itota, Bamato Jonathan, Mahabubur Chowdhury, Olivia Barron, and Jessica Chamier. "The impact of the thermal treatment during ink preparation on the ionomer-supported catalyst interactions in the catalyst layers." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 47, no. 10 (February 2022): 6848–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.12.060.

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Ahmed, Moustafa, Yas M. Al-Hadeethi, Ali M. Abdel-Daiem, and Essam R. Shaaban. "Structural, Optical, Electric and Magnetic Characteristics of (In1−xGdx)2O3 Films for Optoelectronics." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062226.

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After (In1−xGdx)2O3 powder with a wide x range of 0 to 10 at.% was chemically produced, (In1−xGdx)2O3 thin films were evaporated under ultra-vacuum using an electron beam apparatus. We investigated the influence of the Gd doping concentration on the magnetic, optical, electrical, and structural properties of the resultant In2O3 deposits. The produced Gd-doped In2O3 films have a cubic In2O3 structure without a secondary phase, as shown by the X-ray diffraction results. Additionally, the chemical analysis revealed that the films are nearly stoichiometric. A three-layer model reproduced the spectroscopic ellipsometer readings to determine the optical parameters and energy gap. The Egopt changed toward the lower wavelength with growing the Gd doping in (In1−xGdx)2O3 films. The Egopt in the (In1−xGdx)2O3 films was observed to increase from 3.22 to 3.45 eV when the Gd concentration climbed. Both carrier concentration and hall mobility were found during the Hall effect studies. It was possible to construct the heterojunction of Ni (Al)/n-(In1−xGdx)2O3/p-Si/Al. At voltages between −2 and 2 volts, investigations into the dark (cutting-edge-voltage) characteristics of the produced heterojunctions were made. The oxygen vacancies and cationic defects in the lattice caused by the uncompensated cationic charges resulted in significant magnetism and ferromagnetic behavior in the undoped In2O3 films. The (In1−xGdx)2O3 films, however, displayed faint ferromagnetism. The ferromagnetism seen in the (In1−xGdx)2O3 films was caused by oxygen vacancies formed during the vacuum film production process. Metal cations created ferromagnetic exchange interactions by snatching free electrons in oxygen.
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Fauzi, Muchamad. "Determinant Market Power of Sharia Banking in Indonesia." Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/economica.2020.11.2.4374.

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Abstract: This study aims to analyze the level of market power and determinants of Sharia banking in Indonesia, using the Bresnahan-Lau model approach. This study is explanatory research using a quantitative approach. The data used are secondary, including one dependent variable, namely Market Power (MP), with five independent variables, namely Equivalent Rate (ER), 3-month Bank Indonesia Syariah Certificates (SBIS3), Number of Branches (CAB), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ), Inflation (INF), and one control variable that is the historical aspect (MPt-1) by using time series data on the annual financial statements of Bank Syariah Mega Indonesia (BSMI), Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM), Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI). The results show market power in the Sharia banking industry in Indonesia, with a significance level of ER and GDP interaction testing of 0,000.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat market power serta determinan market power perbankan syariah di Indonesia, dengan menggunakan pendekatan Bresnahan-Lau model. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian explanatory research menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, meliputi satu variabel tergantung yaitu Market Power (MP), dengan lima variabel bebas yaitu Equivalent Rate (ER), Surat Berharga Indonesia Syariah 3bulan (SBIS3), Jumlah Cabang (CAB), Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), Inflasi (INF), serta 1 variabel kontrol yaitu aspek historis (MPt-1). menggunakan data time series laporan keuangan tahunan Bank Syariah Mega Indonesia (BSMI), Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM), Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat market power pada industri syariah banking yang berkedudukan di Indonesia dengan tingkat signifikansi pengujian interaksi ER dan PDB sebesar 0,000.
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Duret, Christophe, Ophélie Courtial, Anne-Gaëlle Grosmaire, and Emilie Hutin. "Use of a Robotic Device for the Rehabilitation of Severe Upper Limb Paresis in Subacute Stroke: Exploration of Patient/Robot Interactions and the Motor Recovery Process." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/482389.

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This pioneering observational study explored the interaction between subacute stroke inpatients and a rehabilitation robot during upper limb training. 25 stroke survivors (age55±17years; time since stroke,52±21days) with severe upper limb paresis carried out 16 sessions of robot-assisted shoulder/elbow training (InMotion 2.0, IMT, Inc., MA, USA) combined with standard therapy. The values of 3 patient/robot interaction parameters (a guidance parameter: Stiffness, a velocity-related parameter: Slottime, and Robotic Power) were compared between sessions 1 (S1), 4 (S4), 8 (S8), 12 (S12), and 16 (S16). Pre/post Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores were compared in 18 patients. Correlations between interaction parameters and clinical and kinematic outcome measures were evaluated. Slottime decreased at S8(P=0.003), while Guidance decreased at S12(P=0.008). Robotic Power tended to decrease until S16. FMA scores improved from S1 to S16 (+49%,P=0.002). Changes in FMA score were correlated with the Stiffness parameter (R=0.4,P=0.003). Slottime was correlated with movement velocity. This novel approach demonstrated that a robotic device is a useful and reliable tool for the quantification of interaction parameters. Moreover, changes in these parameters were correlated with clinical and kinematic changes. These results suggested that robot-based recordings can provide new insights into the motor recovery process.
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Brandstetter, Gabriele. "Das Drama der zweiten Geburt." Paragrana 27, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/para-2018-0019.

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AbstractThis paper gives a reading and an interpretation of a psychotherapeutic session between a child (5 year old Ina) and her therapist, drawing on the theory of re-enactment and dramaturgy in performance and theatre studies. The main thesis is that in their interaction child and therapist re-enact the trauma of the abandoned baby in a “play within the play”. Thus significant moments of meeting – in crossing the borders between (mimetic) play and reality – reveal how aggressive emotions are re-enacted and dissolve the rhythms and impact of their negative power.
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Xiong, Jinfeng, Shangxiao Li, Aibin Cao, Lei Qian, Bo Peng, and Dandan Xiao. "Effects of integrative neuromuscular training intervention on physical performance in elite female table tennis players: A randomized controlled trial." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): e0262775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262775.

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Objectives To investigate the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on physical performance in elite female table tennis players. Methods Twenty-four Chinese elite female table tennis players were randomized into either INT (n = 12) group or control group (CON; n = 12). INT group performed four INT sessions every week for 8 weeks, while CON group performed traditional physical fitness training. One repetition maximal (1RM), vertical jump, Y balance test and 30-meter sprinting performance were tested before and after intervention. Results No between groups differences were detected for any tests before intervention. Significant group by time (before or after intervention) interaction effects were observed in 1RM, vertical jump, bilateral lower limb reaching distance at posteromedial and posterolateral directions, and right leg at the anterior direction for the Y balance test (all p < 0.05), but not for the left leg at the anterior direction or the 30-meter sprinting performance (both p > 0.05). Post-hoc analysis for measurements with significant interactions revealed that all significant changes were at the ING group (all p < 0.05), while no changes for the CON group were observed (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Eight weeks INT significantly improved strength, power and balance in Chinese elite female table tennis players. Adopting INT in table tennis players may improve their physical performance and lead to better sports performance.
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Damaskinskaya, Ekaterina, Dmitry Frolov, Dina Gafurova, Dmitry Korost, and Ivan Panteleev. "Criterion for fracture transition to critical stage." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): SP1—SP8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0222.1.

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We have developed an analysis of data obtained in laboratory investigations of deformation of rocks by acoustic emission and X-ray microtomography. We found that defect accumulation occurs in fundamentally differing manners during loading. At first, defects are generated randomly and have a specific size determined by a typical structural element of a material (e.g., a grain in granite). Then the defects with sizes not dictated by the material structure are generated. The interaction between these defects gives rise to critical defects that are capable of self-development. In all probability, a sample breakdown results from the evolution of the ensemble of critical defects. We found that the fracture stages can be distinguished by the type of energy distribution function of the acoustic emission signals. At the first stage, the distribution is approximated by an exponential function, whereas the second stage is characterized by a power-law function that points to a self-organized criticality state. This approach allows an early prediction (at early stages of deformation) of the spatial region in which a fault can be formed.
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Ashraf, Muhammad Zeeshan, Saif Ur Rehman, Saadia Farid, Ahmed Kadhim Hussein, Bagh Ali, Nehad Ali Shah, and Wajaree Weera. "Insight into Significance of Bioconvection on MHD Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Flow of Irregular Thickness across a Slender Elastic Surface." Mathematics 10, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 2592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10152592.

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This numerical investigation effectively establishes a unique computing exploration for steady magnetohydrodynamic convective streams of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid traveling across a nonlinearly elongating elastic surface with a variable thickness. In addition, the importance of an externally imposed magnetic field of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid is comprehensively analyzed by considering the substantial impact of thermal conductivity and thermal radiation consequences. The governing PDEs (partial differential equations) are transmuted into a nonlinear differential structure of coupled ODEs (ordinary differential equations) using a series of variable similarity transformations. Furthermore, these generated ODEs (ordinary differential equations) are numerically set using a novel revolutionary Runge-Kutta algorithm with a shooting approach constructed in a MATLAB script. In this regard, extensive comparison studies are carried out to validate the acquired numerical results. The interactions between the associated profiles and the relevant parameters are rationally explored and shown using graphs and tabular forms. The velocity distribution declined with improving Weissengberg number We and power-law index m, while the reverse performance can be observed for temperature. As enhancement in Brownian motion, Thermophoretic and radiation parameters significantly rise in temperature distribution. The use of many different technological and industrial systems, including nano-bioconvective systems, nano-droplet evaporation, nano-ink jet printing, and microbial fuel cells, would benefit this research study.
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McDonald, Nora, and Andrea Forte. "Powerful Privacy Norms in Social Network Discourse." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479565.

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Social media companies wield power over their users through design, policy, and through their participation in public discourse. We set out to understand how companies leverage public relations to influence expectations of privacy and privacy-related norms. To interrogate the discourse productions of companies in relation to privacy, we examine the blogs associated with three major social media platforms: Facebook, Instagram (both owned by Facebook Inc.), and Snapchat. We analyze privacy-related posts using critical discourse analysis to demonstrate how these powerful entities construct narratives about users and their privacy expectations. We find that each of these platforms often make use of discourse about "vulnerable" identities to invoke relations of power, while at the same time, advancing interpretations and values that favor data capitalism. Finally, we discuss how these public narratives might influence the construction of users' own interpretations of appropriate privacy norms and conceptions of self. We contend that expectations of privacy and social norms are not simply artifacts of users' own needs and desires, but co-constructions that reflect the influence of social media companies themselves.
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Biswas, Saheli, Aniruddha P. Kulkarni, Aaron Seeber, Mark Greaves, Sarbjit Giddey, and Sankar Bhattacharya. "Evaluation of novel ZnO–Ag cathode for CO2 electroreduction in solid oxide electrolyser." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 26, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-021-05103-9.

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AbstractCO2 and steam/CO2 electroreduction to CO and methane in solid oxide electrolytic cells (SOEC) has gained major attention in the past few years. This work evaluates, for the very first time, the performance of two different ZnO–Ag cathodes: one where ZnO nanopowder was mixed with Ag powder for preparing the cathode ink (ZnOmix–Ag cathode) and the other one where Ag cathode was infiltrated with a zinc nitrate solution (ZnOinf –Ag cathode). ZnOmix–Ag cathode had a better distribution of ZnO particles throughout the cathode, resulting in almost double CO generation while electrolysing both dry CO2 and H2/CO2 (4:1 v/v). A maximum overall CO2 conversion of 48% (in H2/CO2) at 1.7 V and 700 °C clearly indicated that as low as 5 wt% zinc loading is capable of CO2 electroreduction. It was further revealed that for ZnOinf –Ag cathode, most of CO generation took place through RWGS reaction, but for ZnOmix–Ag cathode, it was the synergistic effect of both RWGS reaction and CO2 electrolysis. Although ZnOinf –Ag cathode produced trace amount of methane at higher voltages, with ZnOmix–Ag cathode, there was absolutely no methane. This seems to be due to strong electronic interaction between Zn and Ag that might have suppressed the catalytic activity of the cathode towards methanation.
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Wisudyaningsih, Budipratiwi, Dwi Setyawan, and Siswandono. "Co-crystallization of quercetin and isonicotinamide using solvent evaporation method." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 4 (May 17, 2021): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i4.3.

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Purpose: To obtain quercetin-isonicotinamide co-crystal (CQINA) with improved physicochemical and in-vitro dissolution characteristics. Methods: Co-crystallization of quercetin (Q) and isonicotinamide (INA) in molar ratio of 1:1 was performed using solvent evaporation method with the addition of 50 mL of ethanol (99.9%, v/v). The resultant solution was thoroughly mixed and stirred at room temperature for 48 h to slowly evaporate the solvent until CQINA was obtained. The co-crystal phase was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In-vitro dissolution was performed by USP method II in 900 mL citrate buffer (pH 5.0 ± 0.05), with stirring at 100 rpm and at 37 ± 0.5 °C. Results: Computational approach predicted the formation of hydrogen bonds between Q and coformers used, and the interaction involved minimum energy. In CQINA thermogram, a new endothermic peak was formed with a melting point of 255.26 °C, while Q (314.85 °C) and INA (156.62 °C). Images from DSC, PXRD, SEM and FTIR showed that the crystal habits and morphologies of the CQINA differed from those of the original components. There was an improvement in the dissolution profile of CQINA, when compared with those of the original components. Conclusion: Q and INA subjected to solvent evaporation result in the formation of a CQINA with different crystal habit, which possess physicochemical characteristics different from those of its constituents. Modification of Q crystals in CQINA increases its in vitro dissolution, making it a potential pharmaceutical agent.
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Srinivas, Paruchuri, and P. Swapna. "Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Advanced Photovoltaic Systems." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i9.5748.

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Photovoltaic (PV) systems are the major nonconventional sources for power generation for present power strategy. The power of PV system has rapid increase because of its unpolluted, less noise and limited maintenance. But whole PV system has two main disadvantages drawbacks, that is, the power generation of it is quite low and the output power is nonlinear, which is influenced by climatic conditions, namely environmental temperature and the solar irradiation. The natural limiting factor is that PV potential in respect of temperature and irradiation has nonlinear output behavior. An automated power tracking method, for example, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), is necessarily applied to improve the power generation of PV systems. The MPPT methods undergo serious challenges when the PV system is under partial shade condition because PV shows several peaks in power. Hence, the exploration method might easily be misguided and might trapped to the local maxima. Therefore, a reasonable exploratory method must be constructed, which has to determine the global maxima for PV of shaded partially. The traditional approaches namely constant voltage tracking (CVT), perturb and observe (P&O), hill climbing (HC), Incremental Conductance (INC), and fractional open circuit voltage (FOCV) methods, indeed some of their improved types, are quite incompetent in tracking the global MPP (GMPP). Traditional techniques and soft computing-based bio-inspired and nature-inspired algorithms applied to MPPT were reviewed to explore the possibility for research while optimizing the PV system with global maximum output power under partially shading conditions. This paper is aimed to review, compare, and analyze almost all the techniques that implemented so far. Further this paper provides adequate details about algorithms that focuses to derive improved MPPT under non-uniform irradiation. Each algorithm got merits and demerits of its own with respect to the converging speed, computing time, complexity of coding, hardware suitability, stability and so on.
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Ruhala, Richard, Courtney Burroughs, and Laura Ruhala. "Comparison of roadwheel and roadway noise generated by a mono-pitch tire tread." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2455.

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Tire-pavement interaction noise (TPIN, aka tire-road noise or tyre-road noise) is most efficiently measured in acoustically controlled laboratories with large diameter roadwheels (drums) that have surface treatments which replicate some pavement properties, especially when comparing the acoustic performance of different tires. However, it is not clear how closely the roadwheel replicates the road surface, including differences that include road curvature and mechanical impedance of pavements. On the other hand, measuring on a moving vehicle with a microphone array presents it own set of challenges. In this study, a Nearfield Acoustical Holography (NAH) method is used to measure tire/pavement interaction noise on roadways and roadwheels with similar smooth pavement and rough pavement properties. Sound intensity fields, overall sound power levels, and sound pressure levels are reconstructed very close to the tire surface. An experimental passenger car tire with a mono-pitch tread is used in this study. The experimental tire has three circumferential grooves and 64 equally spaced transverse grooves cut into the tread. Differences in sound fields and levels between roadway and roadwheel test conditions for this tire are shown.
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Jung, Sarah, Rawiwan Sirirat, Alice Kim, Rita Amen, Amandeep Kaur, Alissa Ianchis, Keiji Oda, Ella Haddad, and Joan Sabaté. "The Effect of a Fermented Soy-Based Dietary Food Product on Blood Lipids in Individuals at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_042.

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Abstract Objectives Previous reports indicate that intake of some soy products may be associated with improvements in blood lipids but few studies examined fermented soy foods. Q CAN PLUS® is a functional food product derived from fermented soybeans. To evaluate the effects of fermented soy on cardiovascular risk factors, we implemented a clinical trial to compare the effects of the fermented soy powder (Q CAN PLUS®) against a placebo (sprouted brown rice powder) in individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases. Methods Twenty-seven adults at risk for cardiovascular diseases (29–75 years old; 78% female; mean BMI [32.3 kg/m2 ± 7.3]) were randomized to consume either 2 pouches (12–15 g powder/pouch) per day of fermented soy powder (Q CAN PLUS®), or a sprouted brown rice powder for 12 weeks each, in a crossover design trial. The intervention phases were separated by a two week wash out period. Measurements and biospecimens were taken at baseline and at weeks 11 and 12 of each phase. Assessment included blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood insulin, and anthropometric measures. For each of the outcomes, a mixed model was fitted to compare changes from pre- to post-treatment and between treatments. The models included treatment, time, interaction between treatment and time, phase, visit within phase and enrollment period as fixed effects terms and subjects as random effects terms. Results Between treatment results from the mixed model analysis show that fermented soy powder intake significantly reduced serum cholesterol (mean change −8.95 mg/dL; P = 0.0024), LDL (mean change −6.96 mg/dL; P = 0.0317), and HDL (−1.29 mg/dL; P = 0.0036) compared with the sprouted brown rice powder. Within treatment results indicated that fermented soy powder significantly reduced total cholesterol (P = 0.0073) and LDL (P = 0.0132), while reductions in HDL were not statistically significant. Within treatment results were not statistically different for the placebo phase except for an increase in HDL (mean change 3.61; P = 0.0026). Conclusions These data indicate that regular intake of fermented soy powder results in a reduction in serum total and LDL cholesterol which may have beneficial implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Funding Sources BESO Biological Research Inc. Diamond Bar, CA, USA.
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