Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Injury'
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Carter, Jarrod W. "Compressive cervical spine injury : the effect of injury mechanism on structural injury pattern and neurologic injury potential /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8010.
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Cates, Darcy Leanne. "Knowledge of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Populations That Self-Injure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/206.
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Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined knowledge about non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, in individuals who engage in various degrees of the behavior and those who do not self-injure. Knowledge about NSSI was measured in three groups of respondents: those with no history of self-injurious behavior (no NSSI group), those with more limited experience with NSSI who reported 1-30 incidences of NSSI (limited NSSI group), and those with an extensive history (extensive NSSI group) who reported over 30 incidences of NSSI. To measure knowledge, participants were asked level of agreement with myths and facts about NSSI using Jeffery and Warm’s (2002) knowledge measure. It was hypothesized that the knowledge base would be higher in individuals with more extensive histories of NSSI. Further, individuals with limited histories of NSSI were predicted to have more knowledge than those who have never self-injured. Additionally, this study also hypothesized that the individual item response will vary; depending on extent of NSSI behavior.
Group mean scores on the measure were analyzed for differences using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for the differing group demographic variables of age, sexual orientation, and education level. Results indicated that individuals who have more extensive histories of NSSI evidenced higher mean scores on the measure when controlling for age, sexual orientation and educational level. Individuals with limited histories of NSSI evidenced lower mean scores, and those with no history of NSSI evidenced the lowest scores. In regard to individual item response, items were correlated with seven levels of NSSI (no NSSI, one incident of NSSI, 2-4 incidences, 5-10 incidences, 11-20 incidences, 21-30 incidences and more than 30 incidences). It was found that accuracy was significantly correlated with degree of self-injurious behaviors, with the exception of one item. This item and three additional items also produced weak correlations with other items on the measure. Each item is discussed with regard to group item performance and possible deletions in order to strengthen the measure.
Overall, the results of this investigation supported the reliability and validity of the Jeffery and Warm (2002) knowledge measure for use with individuals who self-injure. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI, the importance of refining and strengthen the measure for this use, and additional research directions.
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Canter, Laura. "Looking at athlete's attitudes toward injury : reporting injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2007. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19828.pdf.
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O'Neill, Daniel Fulham. "Injury contagion: the effect of injury on teammates' performance." Thesis, Boston University, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32813.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Background: Season-ending injuries, particularly those to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), continue at a high-rate in many sports, particularly ski racing. Although many factors are thought to contribute to this injury rate in both genders, no study has looked at possible psychological influences. Hypothesis: There is a form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that affects athletes after seeing someone in their own sport sustain a serious injury. The result could be a decrease in performance both on and off the mountain. In the worst-case scenario, this change in tactics could result in injury to themselves, representing an "injury contagion". Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Students at four Eastern ski academies were studied for 3 consecutive years (2002-2005). The subjects ranged in age from 13-19 and consisted of 277 men (60.3%) and 182 women (39.7% ). When a subject sustained a season-ending injury, a peer group of that subject was tested for both psychological and performance effects. The results of this testing was compared to previous baseline testing and a similarly constructed control group from an academy without such an injury. Results: There were twelve season-ending injuries sustained over the three-year period. Significant data results were obtained from one aspect of the psychological testing of the peer group. There was a trend toward a possible "injury contagion" i.e. injury to a member of the peer group soon after injury to a teammate. Conclusions: Although the results of this study were inconclusive in establishing the existence of an "injury contagion", there were data to establish a psychological affect on some athletes after injury to one of their teammates. Clinical Relevance: Although a teammate's injury did not measurably effect performance and only showed mild evidence of a possible injury contagion, there were significant psychological affects noted in female subjects. School personnel should be trained in basic counseling techniques specific to this problem.
2031-01-01
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Fishel, Marissa. "Collegiate Student- Athletes Knowledge of Injury and Injury Prevention." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1380613284.
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Akin, Faith W., and Owen D. Murnane. "Vestibular Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Blast Injury)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1940.
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Koenes, Jeanne. "After the injury : what is it like for injured nurses /." ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
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Gillespie, William J. "A comparison of golf swing kinematics among non-injured, rotator cuff injury-repaired, and rotator cuff injury-non-repaired golfers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32115.pdf.
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Palmer-Green, Debbie S. "Injury epidemiology and injury prevention in English youth rugby union." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520932.
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Carter-Allison, Samantha Natalie. "Diagnosis threat and injury beliefs after mid traumatic brain injury." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/diagnosis-threat-and-injury-beliefs-after-mid-traumatic-brain-injury(c6ba3d52-13d9-46ea-aeee-d34ed2e43943).html.
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Background: Diagnosis threat is a form of stereotype threat, where individuals with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have shown performance decrements on cognitive tasks, owing to negative expectancies around cognitive ability elicited by cues in the environment. This study systematically reviews experimental studies to gauge the presence/absence of an effect of diagnosis threat on neuropsychological task performance in mTBI. It also investigates whether methodological variation and methodological quality contribute to variation in study findings. Method: A systematic search of four online databases (Medline, PyscINFO, SportDISCUS, PsycEXTRA) was conducted to identify diagnosis threat studies that employed an experimental paradigm. Neuropsychological test outcomes were extracted, along with information on inclusion criteria, mTBI diagnostic criteria, participant characteristics and study design. Methodological quality was assessed using modified Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Results: A total of nine studies were identified. Evidence for diagnosis threat was found, although there was considerable heterogeneity across study results. The most robust finding was the impact of diagnosis threat on the cognitive domain of attention/working memory. No clear associations between methodological variation, methodological quality and study outcome were noted. Conclusions: The review found evidence for diagnosis threat, although the strength of this effect may be smaller than previously thought. Although there was heterogeneity across elements of study design, there was no obvious relationship between these factors and outcome. However, the substantial variation makes comparison difficult. These issues are similar to findings in other examinations of stereotype threat. Further research is needed to replicate findings and add clarity to the impact of diagnosis threat on both objective and subjective measures, and to further investigate the role of possible moderating variables. A more formal meta-analysis in the area may also be helpful to clarify findings in the research field. Future studies should aim to create established operational definitions and outcomes to improve consistency and comparability between studies.
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Dorsett, Patricia Ann. "Spinal cord injury." Access full text, 2001. http://www.health.qld.gov.au/qscis/PDF/QSCIS_Information/Spinal_Cord_Injury_How_Do_People_Cope.pdf.
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Vassallo, Amy Jo. "Dance injury epidemiology." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18600.
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Dance greatly contributes to social, cultural and economic development, as well as entertainment and recreational physical activity. There are many different motivators and benefits to dance participation at the recreational, elite student and professional level. There is also a risk of injury at all levels of dance practise and any injury has the potential for significant consequences. In order to effectively prevent injuries it is critical to understand their magnitude and characteristics. However, there is a paucity of data relating to dance participation and injuries in the recreational dancer, as well as research investigating injuries in professional dancers across all different styles and employment situations. Therefore, six studies were conducted in this thesis, which aimed to develop a better understanding of the epidemiology of injuries across the full spectrum of dance participation. This thesis addressed current gaps in the literature, including the incorporation of recreational dancers and the use of high quality nationally representative data. It also contributed to the local professional dance industry through Safe Dance IV, which incorporated a broader scope of professional dancers than previous Australian studies. Overall this thesis highlighted the high prevalence of injuries in dance and emphasised that injury prevention and management are important considerations for all levels of dancers.
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Gabauer, Douglas John. "Predicting Occupant Injury with Vehicle-Based Injury Criteria in Roadside Crashes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28170.
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This dissertation presents the results of a research effort aimed at improving the current occupant injury criteria typically used to assess occupant injury risk in crashes involving roadside hardware such as guardrail. These metrics attempt to derive the risk of injury based solely on the response of the vehicle during a collision event. The primary purpose of this research effort was to determine if real-world crash injury prediction could be improved by augmenting the current vehicle-based metrics with vehicle-specific structure and occupant restraint performance measures.
Based on an analysis of the responses of 60 crash test dummies in full-scale crash tests, vehicle-based occupant risk criteria were not found to be an accurate measure of occupant risk and were unable to predict the variation in occupant risk for unbelted, belted, airbag only, or belt and airbag restrained occupants. Through the use of Event Data Recorder (EDR) data coupled with occupant injury data for 214 real-world crashes, age-adjusted injury risk curves were developed relating vehicle-based metrics to occupant injury in real-world frontal collisions. A comparison of these risk curves based on model fit statistics and an ROC curve analysis indicated that the more computationally intensive metrics that require knowledge of the entire crash pulse offer no statistically significant advantage over the simpler delta-V crash severity metric in discriminating between serious and non-serious occupant injury. This finding underscores the importance of developing an improved vehicle-based injury metric.
Based on an analysis of 619 full-scale frontal crash tests, adjustments to delta-V that reflect the vehicle structure performance and occupant restraint performance are found to predict 4 times the variation of resultant occupant chest acceleration than delta-V alone. The combination of delta-V, ridedown efficiency, and the kinetic energy factor was found to provide the best prediction of the occupant chest kinematics. Real-world crash data was used to evaluate the developed modified delta-V metrics based on their ability to predict injury in real-world collisions. Although no statistically significant improvement in injury prediction was found, the modified models did show evidence of improvement over the traditional delta-V metric.Ph. D.
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Gribble, Michael William. "Ataxia, attention deficit, and diffuse axonal injury following closed head injury /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487668215806462.
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Keller, Kristen Jo. "Challenges to Secondary Brain Injury Prevention in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338712.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inconsistency in the use of secondary brain injury prevention guidelines among US trauma centers after severe traumatic brain injury is prevalent in many literature sources. However, this phenomenon has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of this DNP project is to identify the key barriers and challenges in compliance to the evidence-based guidelines for secondary brain injury prevention. DESIGN: An exploratory, emergent design was used to collect descriptive qualitative data through the use of a survey. SETTING: Six Phoenix Metropolitan Level 1 trauma centers. PARTICIPANTS: All survey participants who consented to survey completion, which had greater than six months of experience and directly worked with patients suffering from a severe TBI in the clinical setting. MEASUREMENTS: Participant demographics (work experience, area of work, job title), current awareness and use of Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines, and time duration for evidence based order set implementation. Narrative responses were also used to identify barriers to current use of the BTF guidelines and factors that may promote their use in the future. RESULTS: A total of 43 participants consented to the survey study, with completion by 35 participants. RNs (n=27), Physicians (n=2), NPs or PAs (n=5), with an average work experience of 6 to 14 years (42.86%). A total of n=22 (62%) of participants were unaware of the current BTF guidelines for severe TBI and only 25% (n=9) aware that their facility has a protocol based on the BTF guidelines for severe TBI, while 51% (n=18) were unsure if their facility had a protocol. Barriers were identified in narrative form and were consistent with awareness/education, provider congruence, communication, and order set/protocol process improvement. CONCLUSION: The understanding of current patient management for severe TBI based on the BTF guidelines is sporadic among the greater Phoenix area Level 1 trauma centers. Requiring proof of BTF guidelines compliance by the ACS at time of Level 1 certification may increase the consistent recommended use of the BTF guidelines for the care of severe TBIs.
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Harling, Annie Elizabeth. "Inflammatory lung injury in preterm babies : does the method of resuscitation influence injury or does the injury predate birth ?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443921.
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Charles, Boyer. "Observational Analysis of Injury in Youth Ice Hockey: Putting Injury into Context." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19933.
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This study examines injury in competitive bodychecking and non-body checking youth ice hockey in male and female leagues in Ontario and Quebec. This study consisted of three parts: (1) quantifying the amount of injuries; (2) document situational factors in which hockey injuries occur; (3) observe play and interview parents to understand deeper subjective feelings towards injury and bodychecking. The research utilized a mixed method approach consisting of game observation, postgame injury assessments and semi-structured interviewing with parents. For this thesis, 56 games total were attended and only parents from the bodychecking team were interviewed.
All games were video recorded through a dual camera video system. Game footage was then analyzed frame by frame to pinpoint injury locations, points of impact and situational factors surrounding the injury. Field-notes and interviews with parents allowed for a comprehensive look into the feelings and emotions surrounding injury and bodychecking. Results from the research revealed; 1) a disproportionately higher rate of injury in bodychecking hockey comparared to non-bodychecking male and female hockey; 2) an overwhelming percentage of injuries were the result of player and board contact; 3) majority of injuries occurred on legal play; and 4) parents support the concept of delaying bodychecking till later ages.
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Abson, Jeanne Anne. "Grief following brain injury : a validation of the Brain Injury Grief Inventory." Thesis, Bangor University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409238.
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Walker, Natalie C. "The meaning of sports injury and re-injury anxiety assessment and intervention." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577225.
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Al-Hasani, Omer Hussain. "Traumatic brain injury with particular reference to diffuse traumatic axonal injury subpopulations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5569.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality within society. TBI may result in both focal and diffuse brain injury. Diffuse traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is an important pathological substrate of TBI, and can be associated with a range of clinical states, ranging from concussion through to death, the clinical severity being associated with a number of factors related to the injury. A retrospective study was conducted using 406 cases with TBI, from the archive of the Academic Department of Pathology (Neuropathology) University of Edinburgh, during the period from1982 and 2005. This cohort was sequential and provided a unique description of the range of pathologies associated with fatal TBI within the Edinburgh catchment area. All the data was collected on a proforma and analysed to provide a description of the incidence in the injury patterns among the Edinburgh cohort. This cohort was then used to provide cases to try and critically assess the mechanisms of axonal injury in TBI. A study was undertaken to investigate TAI in an experimental model of non-impact head injury in a gyrencephalic mammalian model (piglet model) and in human autopsy materials using immunohistochemical analysis of a range of antibodies, and to define the distribution of axonal injury with flow and neurofilament markers in TAI. A further objective was to examine the expression of β-APP as an indicator of impaired axonal transport, three neurofilament markers targeting NF-160, NF-200, and the phosphorylated form of the neurofilament heavy chain (NFH), in different anatomical regions of piglet and human brains. The double immunofluorescence labelling method was then employed to investigate the hypothesis of co-localisation between β-APP and each one of the previous neurofilament markers. The animal studies showed significant differences in NF-160 between sham and injured 3-5 days old piglet cases (6 hour survival) and between 3-5 days sham and injured, when stained with SMI-34 antibody. In 4 weeks old piglet cases (6 hour survival), immunoreactivity of β-APP was significantly higher in injured than control. No other significant differences for any of the antibodies were noted, based on age, velocity, and survival time. Human results suggested that the brainstem had a higher level of β-APP and NF-160 than the corpus callosum and internal capsule. Co-localisation of β-APP with NFs was not a consistent feature of TAI in piglet and human brains, suggesting that markers of impaired axonal transport and neurofilament accumulation are sensitive to TAI, but may highlight different populations involved in the evolution of TAI.
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Nuhu, Assuman. "Soccer injury surveillance and implementation of an injury prevention programme in Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28398.
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Background: There is growing participation in soccer at all levels of sport. Soccer increases the physical and psychological demands on players, which subsequently increase the risk of injuries. There are limited prospective epidemiological studies in Africa, and studies that have been conducted to date often fail to incorporate standardised injury definitions or reporting methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct epidemiological studies within the context of low to middle-income countries, where resources may be limited, and taking into consideration exposure times to design appropriate preventive measures. Aim: The purpose of the study was to explore the nature and incidence of soccer-related injuries in first division players in Rwanda, and to establish intrinsic risk factors for injuries. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted for two seasons. Eleven teams (326 players) and 13 teams (391 players) were followed for the seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Anthropometric and musculoskeletal screening composed of flexibility tests, strength and endurance, balance and proprioception tests, and lower limb function tests were conducted as well as training and match exposure were recorded. Team medical personnel recorded the location, type, duration and mechanism of time-loss injuries following the suggestion of the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA). The primary outcome was the incidence of overall, training and match injury as well as body part, type, patterns and severity of injuries. Multivariate model using the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) was used to assess intrinsic predictors of injury. Significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results: There were 455 injuries and approximately 46% of the players were injured in each of the two seasons. The team weighted mean incidence of match injuries was significantly lower during season one (14.2 injuries/ 1000 hours) compared to season two (21.9 injuries/ 1000 hours) (t(22)= -2.092, p=0.048). No difference was observed in the team-weighted incidence for overall and training injuries between the two seasons. There was increased injury incidence with increased acute: chronic training and match workload ratios. Lower extremities were the most frequently affected over the two seasons (80% of all injuries), with the knee joint most commonly injured (28% off all injuries) followed by the ankle joint (25% of all injuries). Ligament strains were the most common form of injury followed by muscle strains and contusions. The most common mechanisms of injury were collisions between players and receiving a tackle. About three quarters of the reported injuries were mild or moderate in severity and injuries to the Achilles tendon lead to the longest median lay-off time. The greatest incidence of injuries was sustained between the 46thand 60thminute of match play. A score of 11cm or less on the Sit and Reach test, more than one year in the current club and a timed hop of more than 2.5 seconds were all associated with injury. Conclusions: The rate of injuries found in this study is lower compared to the studies that reported injuries in adult male at either professional or amateur level. The patterns of training and match injuries, location, type and severity of injuries are similar to previous studies. Flexibility and balance, and coordination emerged as being significant predictors of increased risk of injury. More studies with emphasis on intrinsic and extrinsic factors are needed to attain wider knowledge concerning injuries among soccer players in Africa. Prevention intervention is necessary to minimise the of lower limb injuries.
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Sandstedt, Scott D. "Post-injury psychological characteristics and adherence to severe sport injury rehabilitation protocols /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144453.
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Augutis, Marika. "Pediatric spinal cord injury /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-129-6/.
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Zelt, Ronald G. "The electrical injury enigma /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61745.
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McGrath, Joanna Ruth. "Fear following brain injury." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325266.
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Mitchell, Margaret. "Recovery from personal injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/40922/.
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Bourke, L. T. "Cardiac injury in lupus." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1458423/.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) carries a significantly enhanced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and remains a leading cause of death in these patients, accounting for ~25% of all causes of mortality. Although there is clear evidence li nking accelerated atherosclerosis to SLE (and consequently an increase in cardiovascular events), another factor that may contribute to CVD related morbidity and mortality is reperfusion injury that occurs post - ischaemia. This is termed ischaemic / reperfu sion (I/R) injury and is a known important contributor to the size of the eventual infarct in the heart, which in animal studies has been shown to account for up to 40 - 50% of the final infarct size. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), originally an anti - malarial dr ug, is now used to treat autoimmune disorders, including SLE. HCQ has been shown to modulate inflammation in rheumatic diseases such as SLE and rheumatoid arthritis as well as have potential cardiovascular benefits in these patients. One of the keys aims o f this thesis was to explore the potential use of HCQ in reducing cardiac I/R injury. HCQ was found to be cardioprotective in an in vitro neonatal cardiomyocytes simulated I/R injury model as well as in an in vivo cardiac I/R injury model. This was found to be through an ERK - dependent mechanism which was blocked in the presence of the ERK inhibitor U0126 both in vitro and in vivo . Another relevant question addressed in this thesis was if I/R injury is enhanced in lupus. There is evidence from an autoimmune prone mouse model that lupus IgG are pathogenic in mesenteric I/R injury . However, no study as yet has investigated human lupus IgG in a heart model. IgG was purified from the serum of SLE patients (aPL +ve vs aP L – ve), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients, juvenile onset SLE (JSLE) patients and healthy volunteers. The pre - treatment of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with IgG from all 3 patient groups enhanced simulated I/R injury. However, the most pathogenic wer e those who were aPL positive. Interestingly, JSLE patients who were all aPL negative, enhanced I/R injury to similar levels as those who tested positive in the adult patient cohort. An enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation was observed in the presence of aPL positive IgG and this pathogenic effect was blocked in the presence of the p38 inhibitor SB23580. The results ob tained in this thesis have identified a potential role for HCQ in the cardiovascular field as a cardioprotective therapeutic in myocardial I/R injury. Additionally , IgG purified from patients with SLE , APS and JSLE have been shown to accelerate myocardial I/R injury.
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Larsen, Kristina. "Self-injury in teenagers." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009larsenk.pdf.
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Halbert, Sarah Anne. "Exploring the relationship between athletic injury and coaching behavior." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185396703.
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Clinard, Stacey Edwards. "College Students Who Self-Injure: A Study of Knowledge and Perceptions of Self-Injury." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/170.
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Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined self-injurious behaviors in a college population. College students, who engage in non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, were expected to evidence a higher knowledge base for the behavior than those who do not. The demographic variables of gender and sexual orientation were predicted to be over represented in the NSSI group. Further, this study examines the perceived riskiness of the behavior in individuals who self-injure, as well as their perceptions of others who engage in NSSI. The survey consisted of four sections: demographics, knowledge ofNSSI, experience with NSSI, and perceptions ofNSSI. Individuals who engage in or have a history of NSSI evidence a higher mean score or better knowledge of the behavior than those who do not. The NSSI population evidences disproportionate numbers of females and individuals with gay, lesbian, and questioning sexual orientations. Further, when examining the perceived riskiness of self-injury, the NSSI group views the behavior as less risky than the non self-injury group. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI and additional research directions.
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Scheil, Margret. "The experience of work injury (focussing on back injury) : a discourse analytic study /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpss319.pdf.
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Davey, Matthew. "Mixed Methods Analysis of Injury in Youth Ice Hockey: Putting Injury into Context." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30960.
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This thesis will discuss the results of a two-year 90 game study to consider the role violence and aggression plays in competitive minor hockey and its role as a mechanism for injury. The second objective of this thesis was to determine the contextual factors that lead to injury on the ice. Using a mixed methods approach, the study followed three minor hockey teams from the Ottawa-Gatineau region over two sporting seasons. The study found that players are not being injured due to aggressive or violent play but rather players are being hurt within the rules of the game. The contextual factors that were shown to lead to injury included: (1) body-checking, (2) time of the game, (3) player’s body mass, (4) position played and (5) legal plays. Injuries were
also broken down by anatomical site (head/neck, upper body and lower body); the upper body
was affected by injury most.
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Hart, Andrew McKay. "Peripheral nerve injury : primary sensory neuronal death & regeneration after chronic nerve injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4472/.
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After a defined unilateral sciatic nerve transection in the rat, a novel triple staining technique was employed in order to enable the detection of neuronal death in L4 & L5 dorsal root ganglia by light microscopic morphology, and TdT Uptake Nick-End Labelling (TUNEL). Optical dissection was then used to quantify neuronal loss from statistically unbiased estimates of the number of surviving neurons. Neuronal death was demonstrated to begin within 24 hours of injury and to peak 2 weeks later, while neuronal loss plateaued 2 months after axotomy, and 39.2% of neurons died overall. Thus the most relevant experimental timepoints at which to examine the effects of putative neuroprotective strategies are 2 weeks and 2 months after axotomy, until which time a window of opportunity exists for therapeutic intervention. The principal that sensory outcome might be related to the delay between injury and nerve repair was confined by the fact that although surgical nerve repair reduced neuronal death 2 weeks after axotomy, the neuroprotective benefit depended upon how soon after injury the nerve was repaired. Even immediate repair did not entirely eliminate neuronal loss, confirming the need for an adjuvent therapy. Hence the effect of two promising agents with established clinical safety records was examined. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is a clinically proven glutathione substrate antioxidant, and anti-mitotic properties. Systemic treatment caused a dose-dependent improvement in neuronal morphology, a significant reduction in the number of TUNEL positive neurons 2 weeks after axotomy (p<0.05), and 2 months after axotomy it was found to have reduced neuronal loss from 35% to only 3% (p<0.001). L-acetyl-carnitine (LAC) is a physiological peptide integral to mitochondrial aerobic glycolysis that was found to be even more neuroprotective than NAC, since after LAC treatment no neuronal loss was detected 2 months after axotomy (no treatment 35% loss; high-dose LAC -4% loss, p<0.001).
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Moran, Lisa M. "Do post-concussive symptoms discriminate injury severity in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury?" The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250198689.
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Nunez, Ivette Ariela. "Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Endothelial Dysfunction In Mesenteric Arteries 24 Hrs After Injury." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/362.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most frequent cause of death in children and young adults in the United States. Besides emergency neurosurgical procedures, there are few medical treatment options to improve recovery in people who have experienced a TBI. Management of patients who survive TBI is complicated by both central nervous system and peripheral systemic effects. The pathophysiology of systemic inflammation and coagulopathy following TBI has been attributed to trauma-induced endothelial cell dysfunction; however, there is little knowledge of the mechanisms by which trauma might impact the functions of the vascular endothelium at sites remote from the injury. The endothelium lining these small vessels normally produces nitric oxide (NO), arachidonic acid metabolites, and endothelial-dependent hyperpolarizing factors to relax the surrounding vascular smooth muscle. For this research study we investigated the effects of fluid-percussion-induced TBI on endothelial-dependent vasodilatory functions in a remote tissue bed (the mesenteric circulation) 24 hours after injury. We hypothesized that TBI causes changes in the mesenteric artery endothelium that result in a loss of endothelial-dependent vasodilation. We found that vasodilations induced by the muscarinic-receptor agonist, acetylcholine, are attenuated following TBI. While the endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing component of vasodilation was preserved, the NO component was severely impaired. Therefore, we tested whether the loss of NO component was due to a decrease in bioavailablity of the NO synthase (NOS) cofactor BH4, the NOS substrate L-arginine, or to changes in expression/activity of the enzyme arginase, which competes with NOS for L-arginine. We found that supplementation of L-arginine and inhibition of the enzyme arginase rescues endothelial-dependent vasodilations in TBI arteries. This study demonstrates that there are pathological systemic effects outside the point of injury following TBI leading to a dysfunctional endothelial vasodilatory pathway. These data provide insight into the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction after trauma and may lead to new potential targets for drug therapy.
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Boeckmann, Emily L. "Self-Injury Knowledge and Peer Perceptions among Members of Internet Self-Injury Groups." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/6.
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Griffin, Stephanie Christine. "Economic Evaluation Of Injury And Injury Prevention Interventions In The U.S. Fire Service." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332672.
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Previous research has shown that firefighters and emergency services personnel are at increased risk of fatal and non-fatal occupational injury compared to other U.S. workers. Analyses of injury and workers’ compensation claims data in this population has demonstrated that injuries are both common and an economic burden on the fire service, especially those caused by overexertion and that lead to sprains/strains. The increased risk of injury is associated with specific job tasks, including physical exercise, patient transport and fireground work, and with personal characteristics such as physical fitness. The economic evaluation of injury and injury prevention can help inform decision making on the part of leadership, including the identification and evaluation of potential targets for injury prevention programs. The aims of the current study were to: 1) evaluate a fitness intervention for new firefighters in terms of health, fitness, injury outcomes as well as workers’ compensation claims costs; 2) to analyze workers’ compensation claims data for trends in cause and injury type, as well as the effect of worker age; and 3) to model the expected change in back injury frequency and costs among emergency medical services personnel following the implementation of electrically powered stretchers. Primary data for the current study, including injury surveillance and workers’ compensation claims data, were provided by the Tucson Fire Department (TFD), Tucson, Arizona. The Probationary Firefighter Fitness Program (PFF-Fit) was designed by University of Arizona researchers in partnership with TFD. The program was implemented in the 2012 recruit academy. Outcomes, including measures of health and fitness, injury, workers’ compensation claim frequency and claims costs, were measured over 17 consecutive months for the intervention class, and compared to outcomes from controls comprised of the three most recent TFD recruit classes for the same time period. Comparing the intervention class to controls, health and fitness outcomes were statistically equivalent. The intervention group experienced statistically significantly fewer injuries, filed significantly fewer claims, and accrued aggregated claims costs approximately $33,000 less than the controls with an estimated equivalent reduction in indirect costs for a total of $66,000. The program implementation costs were nearly $69,000, leading to a one-year return on investment of -0.52 if based only on direct costs (workers’ compensation claims) or -0.048 if an estimate of indirect costs is included. Injury in the U.S. fire service has been the subject of many previous studies but the pattern of workers’ compensation claims has been studied much less frequently. Specifically, the effect of increasing worker age on the frequency and cost of claims has not been studied in this population. Routine injury surveillance and workers’ compensation data from TFD were merged and costs were described by mechanism of injury, injury type, body region and by age of the worker. The analysis of claims data shows that acute overexertion injuries are significantly more costly than injuries caused by other mechanisms, and that sprain/strain injuries are significantly costlier than other injury types. Results also show that age is an important predictor of claims cost in this population, with claims costs for firefighters over age 50, 120 to 144% greater than claims for workers under age 30. Back injury is common and costly among emergency services employees, including firefighters and emergency medical services providers, who transport patients. Previous research has demonstrated that electrically powered stretchers (EPS), which lift and lower the patient and stretcher between the loading and transport positions, are an effective means of reducing back injury among emergency medical services (EMS) providers, but to date no economic evaluation of this device has been conducted. A Markov decision analysis model simulation of a cohort of emergency services employees for incident back injury, disability and associated costs was used to compare outcomes with and without the use of the EPS. Implementation of the EPS resulted in an average cost savings of $4,617-$5,422 per emergency services employee over the service life of the equipment. Results of the current study show the PFF-Fit program may be a worthwhile program to reduce injury and claims costs but further research is needed to better understand the program’s potential effectiveness. We observed reductions in injury frequency and compensation costs among PFF-Fit program participants compared to controls; however, the mechanisms by which the PFF-Fit program were believed to be effective did not appear to be responsible for this difference. Workers’ compensation claims data analysis results continue to highlight the importance of targeting injuries caused by acute overexertion and injuries that result in sprain/strain. The results also indicate that targeting injury prevention efforts toward the specific needs of older workers may lead to important cost savings for the fire service. The EPS is likely an effective intervention to reduce back injuries and claims costs among fire and emergency services personnel, but further research is needed to evaluate injury and claims costs following implementation at several departments.
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Sauerbeck, Andrew David. "TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY INTERACT AND PRODUCE DUAL INJURY BASED PATHOLOGY AND PIOGLITAZONE CAN ATTENUATE DEFICITS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/133.
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The development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans has been linked to genetic and environmental factors for many years. However, finding common single insults which can produce pathology in humans has proved difficult. Exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be linked to PD and it has also been proposed that multiple insults may be needed for disease development.
The present studies show that exposure to TCE prior to a TBI can result in pathology similar to early PD and that the interaction of both insults is required for impairment in behavioral function, and cell loss. Following exposure to TCE for 2 weeks there is a 75% impairment in mitochondrial function but it has yet to be shown if the addition of a TBI can make this worse. If the exposure to TCE is reduced to 1 week and combined with TBI a 50% reduction in mitochondrial function is observed following the dual injury which requires both insults. These studies provide further support for the hypothesis that PD may result from a multifactorial mechanism.
It had been established that regional differences exist in mitochondrial function across brain regions. The present studies indicate that previous findings are not likely to be the result of differences in individual mitochondria isolated from the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Further analysis of the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on enzyme activity and oxygen consumption reveal that the different regions of the brain are similarly affected by the inhibitors. These results suggest that findings from previous studies indicating regionally specific deficits following systemic toxin exposure, such as with TCE, are not the result of regional differences in the individual mitochondria.
Given that TBI results in significant dysfunction, finding effective therapeutics for TBI will provide substantial benefits to individuals suffering an insult. Treatment with Pioglitazone following TBI reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, cognitive impairment, cortical tissue loss, and inflammation. These findings provide initial evidence that treatment with Pioglitazone may be an effective intervention for TBI.
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Fayaz, Imran. "Modeling axonal injury in vitro, injury, regeneration, and calcium dynamics following acute neuritic trauma." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29281.pdf.
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Bedford, Michael. "Sop Acute Kidney Injury (SAKI) : predictive models in the management of acute kidney injury." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/62611/.
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The overarching aim of this PhD thesis is to develop methods, which will ultimately improve the management of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Over the years one inherent problem in both diagnosing AKI clinically and reviewing and comparing studies published in the literature has been the numerous definitions used to define AKI. 87 With now accepted definitions of AKI, the first question raised was to determine the true impact of AKI, in terms of incidence and outcomes, for both the patient (morbidity and mortality) and the healthcare economy. A retrospective observational database study was performed from secondary care in East Kent (adult catchment population of 582,300). All adult patients (18 years or over) admitted between 1st February 2009 and 31st July 2009, were included. Patients receiving chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT), maternity and day case admissions were excluded. AKI was defined by the acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria. A time dependent risk analysis with logistic regression and Cox regression was used for the analysis of in-hospital mortality and survival. The incidence of AKI in the 6 month period was 15,325 pmp/yr (adults) (69% AKIN1, 18% AKIN2 and 13% AKIN3). In-hospital mortality, length of stay and ITU utilisation all increased with severity of AKI. Patients with AKI had an increase in care on discharge and an increase in hospital readmission within 30 days. In comparison with patients with no AKI those with AKI stage 1 had a 52% longer length of stay (LOS) in hospital, a 2.8-fold increased risk of admission to the intensive therapy unit (ITU), a 39% longer ITU stay (in those who went to ITU), and a 2.4-fold greater in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, patients with AKI stage 1 had twice the long-term risk of death, a 33% higher likelihood of an increase in care, and a 42% higher risk of re-admission within 30 days. In those patients with AKI stage 3 (the subject of the NCEPOD report) 100 hospital LOS doubled, there was a 22 times higher risk of admission to ITU and ITU LOS was also doubled, consistent with national data from the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre. A further study using this data in collaboration with Marion Kerr (health economist) at the Department of Health, suggested the annual number of excess inpatient deaths, with AKI in England may be greater than 40,000, 106 and the annual cost of AKI-related inpatient care in England is estimated at £1.02 billion. 106 With the problem now evident and clearly defined, the first stage in improving management was to alert clinicians to the presence of AKI as soon as possible to allow early recognition and intervention. Here the development of a static AKI alert report delivered to the critical care outreach team and specialist renal team is documented. A qualitative analysis was then used to explore the effect of professional interactions, information sharing, and personal and professional characteristics on the use of electronic clinical information and clinical decision support. Key areas highlighted in the qualitative analysis included real-time delivery of AKI alerts, clear responsibility of care to be with the clinical teams with advice from the critical care outreach nurses and renal consultants as required, and improved communication with the clinical teams looking after the patients. This work informed a development partnership with a commercial company (Careflow Connect Limited) to deliver real-time alerting of acute kidney injury to clinicians at the point of care and allow collaboration within the clinical team and also with the specialist renal and critical care outreach teams. However, in any disease process, while we can optimise our measures in place (as above) to alert to the presence of a disease (in this case acute kidney injury (AKI)) and manage it effectively and efficiently at recognition, the ultimate form of treatment is the prevention of the disease occurring in the first place. Hence, in order to achieve this we need to determine the patient at risk. Firstly, potential risk factors were explored. Three time points were also defined where significant clinical decision making takes place and at which points the use of risk models would have greatest impact on clinical care and patient management. These were the point of admission to hospital to guide renal function testing and inform admission planning, and secondly, at 24 hours after admission, often on the post-take ward round to highlight patients who are likely to develop new or worsening AKI if already present, in the first 72 hours of hospital admission so that appropriate management decisions can be made on the ward round. The study population included hospital admissions to the three acute hospitals of East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust (EKHUFT) in 2011, excluding maternity and elective admissions. For validation in a second population the study included hospital admissions to Medway NHS Foundation Trust. The study developed and assessed traditional methods to provide risk models for the prediction of new or worsening AKI in patients presenting to hospital and in their management within the first 24 hours of admission. Ordinal logistic regression with uni-variable analyses were used to inform the development of multi-variable analyses. Backward selection was used to retain only statistically significant variables in the final models. The models were validated using actual and predicted probabilities, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis and the Hosmer Lemeshow test. The analysis identified key variables which predict AKI both at admission and 72 hours post admission. Validation demonstrated area under ROC of 0.75 and 0.68 respectively. Predicting worsening AKI during admission was unsuccessful. These models were also re-defined with use of the NHS England algorithm to define AKI which produced similar results with area under ROC of 0.73 and 0.67 respectively. The work reported here has demonstrated the significant morbidity and mortality both long and short term of patients who experience acute kidney injury managed in hospital and has developed methods of alerting the presence of AKI to the point of care in real-time to ensure efficient intervention with an aim to improve these outcomes. Qualitative work has also highlighted the complexity regarding the implementation and delivery of alerting systems to the clinical front line. The work reported in this thesis has also demonstrated that routinely available data can be used to highlight patients at risk of acute kidney injury both at the point of admission to hospital and following admission.
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Casey, Rebecca. "An exploration of brain injury : from the dependent child to the brain injury survivor." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/76997/.
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CHAPTER ONE: The literature review critically evaluates research that has explored the psychological impact of parental acquired brain injury (ABI) on children. The review identifies a number of factors that affect the psychological well-being of children, including both adverse and protective factors. Evidence from the studies reviewed indicates that children are vulnerable to experiencing a range of emotional and behavioural difficulties following parental ABI. Clinical implications of the review findings are discussed, and directions for future research considered. CHAPTER TWO: The empirical paper aimed to explore the role of mutual support in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) survivors’ reformation of their identity among individuals attending a mutual support group. Using a Grounded Theory approach, a model of the participants experience was developed. The core category reflected how participants regained a sense of self through getting to know the “new” me. Five conceptual categories were identified in relation to identity formation: pre-injury self, comparison with others; accessing the social world of brain injury; purpose and self-efficacy; and acceptance of the post-injury self. The findings highlight a potentially important role for mutual support in identity reformation following TBI and implications for brain injury rehabilitation programmes are discussed. CHAPTER THREE: The third paper presents my personal and professional reflections of the research process and how my views have changed over the course of training. To illustrate these changes, elements of the grounded theory model proposed in the empirical paper (Chapter 2) have been applied to my own experiences. It is hoped that this approach will evidence my experience and exploration of getting to know the scientist-practitioner.
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Poplin, Gerald Scott. "Aerobic Capacity and Injury Risk: Determining Associative Factor of Injury Among Emergency Service Employees." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/255164.
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Background: The high frequency of emergency responses and the variety of response environments for firefighting and emergency medical services dictate a potential for high work demands and an increasing need for maintaining above average physical fitness. This study makes use of a retrospective occupational cohort study design to explore the relationships between measures of fitness and injury outcomes. Methods: Data were collected from annual medical exams and injury surveillance records recorded for the years 2004-2009 among commissioned employees of the Tucson Fire Department. Fitness was assessed and contrasted via a submaximal estimate of aerobic capacity and a developed metric and score for comprehensive "fire fitness" encompassing seven separate measures for strength, endurance, flexibility, body composition and aerobic fitness. Individual fitness scores were classified as 'high fit', 'fit', and 'less fit'. The association between the fitness measures and injuries was evaluated using two approaches: log-binomial and time-to-event analyses. Results: The annual injury incidence rate averaged 17.7 per 100 employees. One-third of all injuries (32.9%) resulted from physical exercise activities, while patient transport, training drills, and fireground operations resulted in 16.9%, 11.1% and 10.2% of injuries, respectively. For all job operations, sprains and strains were the most prevalent type of injury, followed by contusions and lacerations. The reliability of fitness and clinical measures showed mean flexibility, grip strength, percent body fat, and resting heart rate each had intraclass correlations (ICC) values above 0.5, suggesting fair to good reliability. In contrast, mean VO2max was an unreliable measure with an ICC of 0.27. Hazard ratios from time-to-event analyses indicated that increases in cardiorespiratory fitness were significantly associated with decreased risk against injury. Similarly, decreases in comprehensive "fire fitness" were associated with an increased risk of injury. Conclusions: These findings add support that improving one's fitness reduces the likelihood of injury. Future research should focus on the relationship between fitness, performance and health outcomes. Individual level fitness improvements should be objectively measured and designed within the functional limitations of that individual, and without subjecting the person to injury in that process.
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Tyson, Carolyn Angela. "Marital relationships following head injury." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401004.
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Connelly, James Bernard. "Outcome of major traumatic injury." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413207.
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Butler, Mary, and n/a. "Care ethics and brain injury." University of Otago. Department of Philosophy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080214.134301.
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It is generally supposed that a supportive family can have an influence on outcomes for an adult with severe brain injury, but there is very little known about what effective families actually do. In this research the families of five such individuals were involved in an ethnographic project that lasted for one year.
The literature review brought together insights from brain injury, care ethics, disability studies and anthropology. These insights were combined with a process of reflective equilibrium that was applied to the ethnographic material in order to determine the ethics of the carers. Ethics of care in this setting was conceived of as a positive practice ethic, rather than as a series of negative conundrums posed by the brain injury.
The practice ethic shared by carers meant that they all conceived of the need created by brain injury in humanistic terms, rather than in terms of pathology. Carers demonstrated virtues appropriate to their practice as they helped the adult with brain injury to connect with aspects of ordinary life. The best outcomes for the adult with brain injury included being able to engage in productive activity and to make a place in the world. These outcomes could only be achieved with due regard for their safety and subsistence. The practice ethic of carers was demonstrated in the skills and concern that ensured a satisfactory outcome for the adult with brain injury.
This research is a departure from recent research about families affected by brain injury, which has focused on the burden involved in care. An examination of what carers achieve suggests that burden may be associated with the development of caring practice. The transformative capacity of care, for both the carer and the adult with brain injury, is emphasized. However contextual factors, such as adequate compensation, are connected to the capacity of the carer to engage in good practice and these are explored also in this thesis. In particular, relevant aspects of the relationship between families and the Accident Compensation Corporation are explored.
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Thurston, Roy J. "Brain injury, memory and learning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0024/NQ49543.pdf.
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Zhu, Ercheng. "Exercise-induced diaphragm sarcolemmal injury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0013/NQ52201.pdf.
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Colicos, Michael Adrian. "The neuronal response to injury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0021/NQ55314.pdf.
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Norrbrink, Budh Cecilia. "Pain following spinal cord injury /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-995-1/.
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Force, Lisa Marie. "Traumatic brain injury and acidosis /." view abstract or download text of file, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/3913.
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