Dissertations / Theses: 'Injury risk factors'

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Baker, Paul. "Occupational risk factors for meniscal injury." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393511.

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Choi, Youn Su. "Risk Factors for Childhood Agricultural Injury." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269028264.

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Abbott, Thomas. "Cardiovascular risk factors for perioperative myocardial injury." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/31705.

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Background: Myocardial injury affects up to one in three patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. However, very little is known about the underlying pathophysiology. In the general population, patients with elevated resting heart rate are at increased risk of cardiac events, mortality, heart failure and autonomic dysfunction, while hypertension is a well described risk factor for cardiovascular disease. I hypothesised that common abnormalities of heart rate or blood pressure were associated with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. Methods: This thesis comprises a series of secondary analyses of data from five prospective multi-centre epidemiological studies of surgical patients. The main outcome of interest was myocardial injury, defined using objective measurement of cardiac troponin. I used logistic regression analysis to test for association between exposures and outcomes. Results: In a large international cohort, patients with high preoperative heart rate had increased risk of myocardial injury and patients with very low preoperative heart rate had reduced risk of myocardial injury. Patients with elevated preoperative pulse pressure had increased risk of myocardial injury, independent of existing hypertension or systolic blood pressure. High heart rate, or high or low systolic blood pressure during surgery, was associated with increased risk of myocardial injury. In a separate study, elevated preoperative heart rate was associated with cardiopulmonary and autonomic dysfunction, and reduced left ventricular stroke volume, suggestive of heart failure. Finally, autonomic dysfunction, identified using cardiopulmonary exercise testing, was associated with elevated preoperative heart rate, elevated plasma NT-Pro-BNP (indicative of heart failure) and postoperative myocardial injury. Conclusions: Elevated preoperative heart rate, autonomic dysfunction and subclinical heart failure may be part of a common phenotype associated with perioperative myocardial injury. Further research is needed to characterise the pathological processes responsible for myocardial injury, and to identify potential therapeutic targets.

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Gjolberg, Ivar Henry. "Predicting injury among nursing personnel using personal risk factors." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/281.

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The purpose of this thesis was to develop a means of predicting future injury among nursing personnel working in a hospital system. Nursing has one of the highest incidence rates of musculoskeletal injuries among U.S. occupations. Endemic to the job are tasks such as rolling, sitting, standing, and transferring large, and often times, uncooperative patients. These tasks often place large biomechanical stresses on the musculoskeletal system and, in some cases, contribute to or cause a musculoskeletal injury. Given the current nursing shortage, it is imperative to keep nurses injury-free and productive so they can provide patient care services. Even though a large number of nursing personnel are injured every year and most are exposed to these high levels of biomechanical stress, the majority of nurses are injury-free. The question then arises "Why do some nurses have injuries while others do not?" The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether individual attributes in a population of nurses were associated with risk of future injury. The subject population was comprised of 140 nursing personnel at a local hospital system hired between April 1995 and February 1999. Data on individual attributes, such as patient demographics, previous injuries, posture, joint range of motion, flexibility, and muscular strength, was ascertained during a post-offer screening on these personnel. Twenty six (19%) nurses experienced an injury associated with the axial skeleton. Chi square test for homogeneity for the categorical predictor variables, and the Student's T-test for continuous predictor variables were used to determine if any individual attributes were associated with future injuries. None of the variables were associated with a risk of future axial skeletal injury. Practical application of these results for St. Joseph Regional Health Center, and possibly other acute care facilities, directs us to stop costly pre-employment/post-offer testing for the purpose of identifying injury prone nurse applicants. Secondly, it allows the focus of limited resources to be on making the job safer through administrative and engineering controls.

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DUNNING, KARI KIMBERLY. "RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FALLS DURING PREGNANCY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1054129938.

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Kristenson, Karolina. "Risk factors for injury in men´s professional football." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för samhällsmedicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117170.

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This thesis includes four papers based on three different prospective cohort studies on injury characteristics in men’s professional football. The same general methodology was used in all papers. Time-loss injuries and player individual exposure was registered for match and training separately. The general aim was to investigate potential internal and external risk factors for injury, with a focus on age, playing position, time in professional football, playing surface (artificial turf and natural grass), changes between surfaces and climate; and to evaluate the study methodology. Paper I was based on data collected between 2001 and 2010 from 26 top professional clubs in Europe; the UCL injury study. In total, 6140 injuries and 797 389 hours of exposure were registered. A decreased general injury rate was observed for newcomers compared with established players (hazard ratio (HR), 0.77; 95% CI 0.61-0.99). Using goalkeepers as a reference, all outfield playing positions had significantly higher age-adjusted injury rates. Using players aged ≤ 21 years as a reference, the overall adjusted injury rate increased with age, with a peak injury rate among players aged 29 to 30 years (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.24-1.68). Paper II and Paper III are based on data collected during two consecutive seasons, 2010 and 2011, in the Swedish and Norwegian male first leagues. In total, 2186 injuries and 367 490 hours of football exposure were recorded. No statistically significant differences were found in acute injury rates on artificial turf (AT) compared with natural grass (NG) during match play (rate ratio, 0.98, 99% CI 0.79-1.22) or training (rate ratio 1.14, 99% CI 0.86-1.50) when analysing at the individual player level. However, when analysing at the club level, clubs with AT installed at their home arena had a significantly higher acute training injury rate (rate ratio 1.31, 99% CI 1.04-1.63) and overuse injury rate (rate ratio 1.38, 99% CI 1.14-1.65) compared to clubs with NG installed at their home venue. No association was found between frequent surface shifts and subsequent overuse injury risk (risk ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.91-1.12). Analyses on the total cohort showed no difference in injury rates between clubs in the two climate zones (total rate ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.92-1.10). Data included in Paper IV were collected during two consecutive seasons 2008 and 2009. During this period, two Norwegian elite football clubs were concurrently included in two research groups’ surveillance systems. The capture rate for match injuries was similar between the two audits, while the capture rate for training injuries was slightly higher with individual-based exposure recording. The inter-rater agreement in injury variable categorisations was in most aspects very high.

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Hislop, Michael. "Injury risk factors and preventive strategies in schoolboy Rugby Union." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723331.

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The injury risk associated with schoolboy Rugby has been raised as a matter of public concern, leading to calls to formulate appropriate preventive strategies. Consequently, this programme of research was undertaken to investigate characteristics that might influence injury risk in schoolboy rugby players, as well as interventions to reduce injury risk. The first study of this thesis (Chapter Three) presents a two-season prospective cohort study, which identifies several anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness components associated with injury risk in schoolboy Rugby players. Chapter Four outlines a staged approach to formulating a preventive exercise programme for use in schoolboy Rugby based on scientific evidence, expert knowledge, and end user opinion. In Chapter Five, the efficacy of a preventive exercise programme to reduce injury risk in schoolboy Rugby players is evaluated, demonstrating clinically meaningful reductions in concussion risk when compared with a standardised control exercise programme. In addition, greater programme compliance and dose are found to accentuate reductions across many match-derived injury outcomes measures. Finally, Chapter Six highlights meaningful associations between coach-related psychosocial factors and coaches’ compliance with using a preventive exercise programme, which may be useful in future with formulating strategies to enhance compliance with programme use. To summarise, this thesis addresses the identification of potentially modifiable risk factors and applies a novel approach to reduce injury risk in schoolboy Rugby players, emphasises the importance of compliance and dose in moderating the influence of preventive exercise programme efficacy, and outlines the associations between coach-related psychosocial factors and coaches’ compliance with using a preventive exercise programme in a schoolboy Rugby population.

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Bengtsson, Håkan. "Match-related risk factors for injury in male professional football." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för fysioterapi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142788.

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Background: Injuries are common in professional football, especially during matches, and they cause suffering for players, in both the short and the long term. It is therefore important to try to prevent these injuries. One of the most important steps in injury prevention is to fully understand the different risk factors that contribute to these injuries. Aim: The aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate several match-related factors that have been suggested to be important for the risk of sustaining injuries during professional football matches. Methods: The thesis consists of four papers, and all analyses are based on data gathered during a large-scale prospective cohort study that has been running since 2001: the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study. Medical teams from 61 clubs have been involved in this study, and they have prospectively gathered data about football exposure and injuries for their first team players. Associations between the following factors and injuries have been analysed: • Match characteristics in terms of match venue, match result, and competition • Match congestion, both short and long term, and at team and individual player level • Number of completed training sessions between return to sport after an injury and the first match exposure Results: All match characteristics studied were shown to be associated with injury rates, with higher injury rates during home matches compared with away matches, in matches that were lost or drawn compared with matches won, and in domestic league and Champions League matches compared with Europa League and other cup matches. It was also shown that injury rates, muscle injury rates in particular, were higher if the recovery time between matches was short. This association between match congestion and injury rates was shown when match congestion was considered at both team and individual player level. Finally, the odds of injury during the first match exposure after a period of absence due to injury was found to be higher if players had completed few training sessions between return to sport and their first match. Conclusion: There are several match-related risk factors that contribute to the injury rate during professional football matches. A better understanding of these risk factors will help teams to make better estimations of the injury risks to which players are exposed in different situations (e.g. during periods of match congestion and when players return to sport after an injury). Knowledge about risk factors will also offer the possibility of reducing the number of injuries for football teams by addressing them with appropriate measures.

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Ekegren, Christina Louise. "Agreement and validity of observational risk screening guidelines in evaluating ACL injury risk factors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1622.

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Study Design: Methodological study. Objectives: To examine the agreement and validity of using observational risk screening guidelines to evaluate ACL injury risk factors. Background: Post-pubescent females have an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared with their male counterparts partly due to their high-risk landing and cutting strategies. There are currently no scientifically-tested methods to screen for these high risk strategies in the clinic or on the field. Methods and Measures: Three physiotherapists used observational risk screening guidelines to rate the neuromuscular characteristics of 40 adolescent female soccer players. Drop jumps were rated as high risk or low risk based on the degree of knee abduction. Side hops and side cuts were rated on the degree of lower limb 'reaching'. Ratings were evaluated for intrarater and interrater agreement using kappa coefficients. 3D motion analysis was used as a gold standard for determining the validity of ratings. Results: Acceptable intrarater and interrater agreement (k≥0.61) were attained for the drop jump and the side hop, with kappa coefficients ranging from 0.64 to 0.94. Acceptable sensitivity (≥0.80) was attained for the side hop and the side cut, with values ranging from 0.88 to 1.00. Acceptable specificity (≥0.50) was attained for the drop jump, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.72. Conclusion: Observational risk screening is a practical and cost-effective method of screening for ACL injury risk. Based on levels of agreement and sensitivity, the side hop appears to be a suitable screening task. Agreement was acceptable for the drop jump but its validity needs further investigation.

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Ferguson, Kerry Jean. "The epidemiology of injury and risk factors associated with injury in first league field hockey players." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26984.

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This study investigated the epidemiology of injury in a population of first league field hockey players during a playing season, establishing the true incidence (injuries/ 1000 hours) of injury, as well as the risk factors associated with field hockey injuries. Both the epidemiology of field hockey injuries, and associated risk factors, have not been well investigated on an international level, and no data on Southern African players have been published. A study population of 222 first league hockey players (males n= 111, females n= 111) from one particular region were followed over the duration of a hockey season (7 months). A preseason player profile questionnaire established player characteristics and training methods. A pre-season fitness assessment recorded the flexibility (sit and reach test), muscle power (standing broad jump), speed (40 m sprint) and endurance capacities (double winder) of all the players. Male players performed significantly better in the muscle power (p=0.0001), speed (p=0.0001) and muscle endurance (p=0.0001) tests compared to female players. However, female players recorded significantly better flexibility results (p=0.012) compared with male players. Player position influenced the results of the pre-season fitness assessment. Attacking players (strikers, midfielders) achieved significantly better results in the muscle power (p=0.0704), speed (p=0.0003) and muscle endurance (p=0.002) tests compared with defending players (defenders, goalkeepers). During the prospective study, an injury report form was completed for players that sustained injuries during the season. An injury was defined as physical damage that resulted in (i) a player being unable to complete the match or practise, (ii) a player missing a subsequent match or practise, or (iii) a player requiring medical attention. An overall incidence of injury of 10/1000 hours was reported for the playing population, with an injury risk of 0.59 injuries per player per season. No other study of hockey injuries has recorded the true incidence of injury. A number of factors were associated with field hockey injuries. The incidence of injury was significantly greater in matches compared to practices (p=0.003). The highest incidence of injury was recorded in the beginning of the season (month 2) (16 injuries/1000 hrs). Strikers reported the highest incidence of injury (11/1000 hrs). In certain instances, the player position could be associated with an injury to a specific anatomical area or mechanism of injury. For example, goalkeepers sustained significantly more upper limb injuries than players in outfield positions (p=0.001), which can be attributed to the nature of their play. The activities of a goalkeeper include diving, and fending off the ball with their hands. The most frequently injured anatomical areas were similar to those reported in other studies of field hockey injuries, namely the fingers (1.6/1000 hrs), knee (1.4/1000 hrs) and ankle (1.4/1000 hrs) joints, and hamstring muscle (0.8/1000 hrs). The type of injuries sustained were predominantly muscle strains (2.4/1000 hrs), ligament sprains (2/1000 hrs) and fractures (1.7/1000 hrs). The most frequent mechanism of injury was tackling (2.3/1000 hrs). There was a significantly higher incidence of injury reported on artificial turf (13/1000 hrs) compared with grass (4/1000 hrs) (p=0.015). Players who discontinued hockey due to injury missed an average of four subsequent matches or practices. There was no significant association between past injury history, pre-season training, stretching methods, equipment usage and pre-season fitness assessments and the incidence or epidemiology of injury in hockey players.

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Oliveira, Michelle Jacintha Cavalcante. "Visceral leishmaniasis. Kala-azar. Acute kidney injury. Mortality. Risk factors. RIFLE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4987.

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Background. There are few studies of renal function evaluation in visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifest and the risk factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) based on RIFLE criteria in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Methods. A retrospective study of medical records from patients over 14 years old, without previous kidney disease, with VL, treated at SÃo JosÃ Infectious Diseases Hospital, from 2002 to 2008. Clinical manifestations and risk factors for AKI (defined by using RIFLE criteria) were studied. A multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for AKI. Results. A total of 224 patients were included. The mean age was 36Â15 years and 76.8% were males. AKI was observed in 76 patients (33.9% of cases) and % 52.6 (40) were class F on RIFLE criteria. The main clinical symptoms were dyspnea, edema and jaundice in patients with VL and AKI (p<0.05). Oliguria was observed in 6.5% of patients with AKI. Risk factors associated with AKI were male gender (OR=2.2, 95% CI= 1.0-4.7, p=0.03), age > 40 years (OR = 1.05, 95% CI= 1.02-1.08, p < 0.001) and jaundice (OR=2.9, 95% CI= 1.5-5.8 p=0.002). There was an strong association between amphotericin B use and AKI (OR=18.4, 95% CI=7.9-42.8, p<0.0001), whereas glucantimeÂ use was associated with a lower incidence of AKI when compared to amphotericin B users (OR=0.05, 95% CI=0.02-0.12, p<0.0001). Mortality was 13.3% and it was higher in AKI patients (30.2% vs. 4.7%, p<0.0001). RIFLE criteria presented mortality 40%, 20.8% e 35% in R, I and F respective class. Conclusions. The risk factors associated with AKI in patients with VL were male gender, advanced age, jaundice and amphotericin B. The last one was the most important factor of AKI in VL.
IntroduÃÃo. HÃ poucos dados na literatura que relacionam a Leishmaniose visceral (LV) Ã lesÃo renal aguda (LRA). O objetivo deste estudo Ã avaliar as manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas e fatores de risco associados Ã LRA em pacientes com LV e aplicar o critÃrio RIFLE. MÃtodo. Estudo retrospectivo, incluindo pacientes acima de 14 anos, sem doenÃa renal prÃvia, com diagnÃstico de LV, internados no HSJ entre 2002 e 2008. Foram avaliadas manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas e os fatores de risco relacionados Ã LRA (avaliada atravÃs do critÃrio RIFLE) nesses pacientes, aplicando regressÃo logÃstica multivariada. Resultados. Foram incluÃdos 224 pacientes com idade mÃdia de 36Â15 anos sendo 76,8% do gÃnero masculino. LRA foi observada em 76 pacientes (33,9%) sendo que 52,6% (40) estavam na classe F do critÃrio RIFLE. Dispneia, edema e icterÃcia foram os principais sinais e sintomas associados Ã LRA (p<0,05). OligÃria foi observada em 6,5% dos pacientes com LRA. Os fatores de risco associados Ã LRA foram gÃnero masculino (OR=2,2, 95% IC=1,0-4,7, p=0,03), idade acima de 40 anos (OR = 1,05, 95% IC = 1,02-1,08, p<0,001) e icterÃcia (OR=2,9, 95% IC=1,5-5,8, p=0,002). Foi verificada considerÃvel associaÃÃo entre o emprego de anfotericina B e LRA (OR=18,4, 95% IC=7,9-42,8, p<0,0001), contudo o uso de glucantimeÂ foi associado a menor ocorrÃncia de LRA (OR=0,05, 95% IC=0,02-0,12, p<0,0001). A mortalidade geral foi 13,3% e foi mais alta nos pacientes que desenvolveram LRA (30,2% vs. 4,7%, p<0,0001). Os percentuais de mortalidade nas classes R, I e F foram respectivamente 40%, 20,8% e 35%. ConclusÃes. Os fatores de risco preditores de LRA em pacientes com LV foram sexo masculino, anfotericina B, idade acima de 40 anos e icterÃcia. Anfotericina B foi o fator mais importante de LRA na LV.

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Rahnama, Nader. "Effects of fatigue on selected injury risk factors in Association Football." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2003. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4970/.

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Sanyang, Edrisa. "Risk factors and injury characteristics among trauma patients in the Gambia." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2270.

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This research focuses on injuries from all mechanisms, with particular focus on road traffic injuries in urban Gambia. Data from trauma registries established in two major trauma hospitals were used to address three aims: 1) examine the general characteristics of injured individuals and their injuries, and identify factors associated with discharge status from the hospital emergency room; 2) identify differences in road-user, collision, vehicle, and driver factors, among individuals hospitalized with a road traffic injury; and 3) examine personal, crash, and injury factors associated with transfer status among road traffic injured (RTI) patients, and identify limitations of the current trauma systems that might be improved for more efficient use of resources. Data used for this dissertation were from trauma registries established in two major trauma hospitals in The Gambia: Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital (EFSTH) and Serrekunda General Hospital (SGH). At intake, the treating physicians and nurses completed an accident and emergency ward survey form for injuries from all mechanisms. For admitted road traffic injured patients (admission more than 24 hours), the road traffic injured admission form is completed. Data about risk factors contributing to crashes and injuries were collected from the patients. At hospital discharge, treating physicians used a 19-item questionnaire to collect data on the discharge status and disability at discharge of road traffic injured patients. Using the trauma registry data from March 1, 2014 to March 31, 2016, we found the leading mechanism of injury was road traffic. For place of occurrence, injuries mostly occur at home and on the road. Assault was higher among young females (19 to 44 years) than males. Males have increased odds for admission and disability due to road traffic injuries. We also found that among admitted road traffic injured patients, injuries to pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists were higher than other road users. Crashes involved risk factors at person, crash, and environment levels. Head/skull injuries were common, and concussions/brain injuries were higher among pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists than vehicle occupants. Finally, our results also suggest that vehicle occupants, and professionals/skilled personnel had increased odds of being transferred than directly admitted RTI patients. Fractures/dislocations, and concussions/brain injuries were frequent among transfers. Intravenous fluid was the most frequent treatment administered to patients transferred to the definitive-care hospitals. This project shows that injuries, especially road traffic, create a large burden of injury in The Gambia and the many contributing factors. It also provides evidence that there are many opportunities to intervene at personal, crash, and environment levels. Additionally, creating trauma registries across the country as well as trauma response system will have a greater impact to reduce burden of road traffic crashes in The Gambia.

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Nicolais, Christina J. "Maternal Health and Child Behaviors as Risk Factors for Child Injury." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3381.

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Evidence suggests that child behavior, parent mental health, parent supervision, and home environment conditions impact a child’s risk of injury. Vulnerable families are at greater risk for the occurrence of child behavior problems, poor health, decreased supervision, and hazardous home conditions. Consistent with a model that proposes that parent, child, and environment factors interact within the lens of sociocultural factors to predict injury, the current study aimed to test a statistical model with maternal physical health and child externalizing behaviors as predictors of child injury, and home hazards and supervision as mediators of these relations. Analyses were conducted using a nationally representative sample of 3,288 vulnerable mother-child dyads. Results showed significant relations between parent physical health and child injury, and child aggression and child injury, though home hazards and supervision did not mediate either of these relations. Further research should continue to examine the mechanisms of action in the parent health- child injury relation so that injury prevention interventions can be developed.

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Greene, David, and res cand@acu edu au. "Exercise Type, Musculoskeletal Health and Injury Risk Factors in Adolescent Middle-Distance Runners." Australian Catholic University. School of Exercise Science, 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp80.25092005.

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Adolescent growth provides a unique opportunity for the growing body to adapt to external stimuli. A positive association between site-specific mechanical loading and increases in regional bone mineral content (BMC) during adolescence is established. Mechanical loads associated with middle-distance running expose the skeleton to a combination of compressive ground reaction forces and muscular contraction. Previous studies concerning musculoskeletal health in active adolescents are largely limited to planar, two-dimensional measures of bone mineral status, using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Intrinsic bone material properties are accurately measured using DXA. However, the interaction between bone material and structural properties that reflects the mechanical integrity of bone require a combination of imaging modalities. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a three-dimensional geometric and biomechanical assessment of bone. When MRI is integrated with DXA technology, an effective non-invasive method of assessing in vivo bone strength is achieved. The impact of high training volumes on musculoskeletal development of male and female adolescent athletes engaged in repetitive, high magnitude mechanical loading has not been investigated. Specifically, differences in total body and regional bone mineral, bone and muscle geometry, bone biomechanical indices and bone strength at differentially-loaded skeletal sites have not been compared between adolescent middle-distance runners and age- and gender-matched non-athletic controls. Objectives: (i) to investigate the effects of intense sports participation involving mechanical loading patterns on bone mineral, bone and muscle geometry, biomechanical indices and estimated regional bone strength between elite adolescent male and female middle-distance runners and age- and gender-matched controls (ii) to examine factors predictive of total body BMC, distal tibial bone geometry, distal tibial bone strength, and Hip Strength Analysis (HSA)- derived indicators of bone strength at the femoral neck. Methods: Four groups of 20 adolescents were comprised of male (mean (SD) age 16.8 ± 0.6 yr, physical activity 14.1 ± 5.7 hr.wk-1) and female (age 16 ± 1.7 yr, physical activity 8.9 ± 2.1 hr.wk-1) middle-distance runners, and male (16.4 ± 0.7 yr, physical activity 2.2 ± 0.7 hr.wk-1) and female (age 16 ± 1.8 yr, physical activity 2.0 ± 0.07 hr.wk-1) controls. Total body and regional BMC were calculated using DXA. Distal tibial bone and muscle cross-sectional areas (CSA) were assessed using MRI. To calculate distal tibial bone strength index (BSI), a region of interest representing 10% of the mid distal tibia was analysed for DXA-derived bone mineral and was combined with bone geometry and biomechanical properties from MRI assessments. Calculations for femoral neck strength were acquired from DXA-derived HSA software. Results: No differences were found between male athletes and controls for unadjusted BMC at total body or regional sites. After covarying for fat mass (kg), male athletes displayed greater BMC at the lumbar spine (p = 0.001), dominant proximal femur (p = 0.001) and dominant leg (p = 0.03) than male controls. No differences were found in distal tibial bone geometry, bone strength at the distal tibia or HSA-derived indicators of bone strength at the femoral neck between male athletes and controls. Lean tissue mass and fat mass were the strongest predictors of total body BMC (R2 = 0.71), total muscle CSA explained 43.5% of variance in BSI at the distal tibia, and femur length and neck of femur CSA explained 33.4% of variance at the femoral neck. In females, athletes displayed greater unadjusted BMC at the proximal femur (+3.9 ±1.4 g, p = 0.01), dominant femoral neck (+0.5 ± 0.12 g, p = 0.01) and dominant tibia (+4.1 ± 2.1 g, p = 0.05) than female controls. After covarying for fat mass (kg), female athletes displayed greater (p = 0.001) total body, dominant proximal femur and dominant leg BMC than female controls. Female athletes also showed greater distal tibial cortical CSA (+30.9 ± 9.5 mm2, p = 0.003), total muscle (+240.2 ± 86.4 mm2, p = 0.03) and extensor muscle (+46.9 ±19.5 mm2, p = 0.02) CSA, smaller medullary cavity (-32.3 ± 14.7 mm2, p = 0.03) CSA and greater BSI at the distal tibia (+28037 ± 8214.7 g/cm3.mm4, p = 0.002) than female controls. Lean tissue mass and fat mass were the strongest predictors of total body BMC (R2 = 65), hours of physical weekly activity and total muscle CSA explained 58.3% of the variance of distal tibial BSI, and neck of femur CSA accounted for 64.6% of the variance in a marker of femoral neck HSA. Conclusion: High training loads are associated with positive musculoskeletal outcomes in adolescent middle-distance runners compared to non-athletic controls. Exposure to similar high training loads may advantage female adolescent athletes, more than male adolescent athletes compared with less active peers in bone strength at the distal tibia.

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Britton, Carla Lea. "Risk factors for injury among federal wildland firefighters in the United States." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/468.

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Three main research topics are reported in this dissertation. This research project focused on estimating the burden of injury on large federal wildland fires and describing the injury characteristics and risk factors for severity of injury in a sample of injured federal wildland firefighters. Chapter 2 "Peak incident management level affects rates of injury on large federal wildland fires" reports estimates of rates of injury for large federal wildland fires and assesses the effect of peak incident management level (PIML) as a predictor of rate of injury. After adjusting for seasonal factors and fire characteristics, PIML was a predictor of both rate of injury and odds of any injury occurrence, but the effect was opposite. Fires with higher PIML demonstrated lower incidence rate ratios, but the odds of injury were increased. Chapter 3 "Wildland fire job assignment and burden of injury" describes the injury characteristics and severity associated with the firefighter's job assignment in fire-related injuries reported to the United States Department of Interior. Job assignment was significantly associated with cause and nature of injury, but not with the severity of injury as defined by days off work or job transfer. Chapter 4 "Cause, characteristics and severity of injuries in wildland firefighters" examines the relationship between the cause of injury and type of injury and the severity of injury. Injuries caused by slips, trips or falls were most frequently reported. Injuries caused by bites or stings and plants were less likely to be severe relative to injuries caused by slips, trips or falls. Together, these studies provide evidence that injuries may significantly impact the wildland fire community, but that better information is needed to fully evaluate risk factors and develop evidence-based interventions.

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Schwartzkopf-Phifer, Kathryn. "THE EFFECT OF ONE-ON-ONE INTERVENTION IN ATHLETES WITH MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS FOR INJURY." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/44.

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Background: Lower extremity (LE) musculoskeletal injuries in soccer players are extremely common. These injuries can result in many days of lost time in competition, severely impacting players and their respective teams. Implementation of group injury prevention programs has gained popularity due to time and cost-effectiveness. Though participation in group injury prevention programs has been successful at reducing injuries, programs often target a single injury and all players do not benefit from participation. Players with a greater number of risk factors are most likely to sustain an injury, and unfortunately, less likely to benefit from a group injury prevention program. The purpose of the proposed research is to determine if targeting these high risk players with one-on-one treatment will result in a reduction in the number of risk factors they possess. Objectives: 1) Determine the effectiveness of one-on-one intervention for reducing the number of risk factors for LE musculoskeletal injury in soccer players with 3 or more risk factors; 2) Assess the effectiveness of matched interventions on reducing the magnitude of identified risk factors. Hypothesis: Fifty percent or more of subjects receiving one-on-one intervention will have a reduction of ≥ 1 risk factor(s). Design: Quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. Subjects: NCAA Division I men’s and women’s soccer players. Methods: All subjects were screened for modifiable risk factors using a battery of tests which assessed mobility, asymmetry in fundamental movement pattern performance, neuromuscular control, and pain with movement. Players with ≥ 3 risk factors (“high risk”) were placed in the treatment group and received one-on-one treatment from a physical therapist. An algorithm was created with interventions matched to specific deficits to determine the treatment each subject received. Subjects in the intervention group were treated twice per week for four weeks. Players with < 3 risk factors (“low risk”) were placed in the control group and did not receive one-on-one intervention. Analysis: The primary outcome measure was proportion of treatment successes, defined as a reduction of ≥ 1 risk factor(s). Secondary outcomes included analysis of within group and between group differences. Results: Thirteen subjects were treated with one-on-one intervention, with twelve having a reduction of at least 1 risk factor at posttest. The proportion of treatment successes in the intervention group was 0.923 (95%CI 0.640-0.998). The proportion of high risk subjects that became low risk at posttest was 0.846, which was statistically significant (p = 0.003). Within group differences were noted in active straight leg raise (left; p = 0.017), hip external rotation (right, p=0.000; left, p = 0.001) thoracic spine rotation (left; p=0.026), and upper quarter neuromuscular control measures (left inferolateral reach, p = 0.003; left composite, p = 0.016). A statistically significant between group difference was noted in risk factor change from pretest to posttest (p = 0.002), with the median risk factor change in the intervention group and control group being -3 and -1, respectively. Conclusion: Utilizing one-on-one interventions designed to target evidence-based risk factors is an effective strategy to reduce LE musculoskeletal injury risk factors in high risk individuals.

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Hutson, Ché Brown. "Multiple risk factors for Parkinson's disease traumatic brain injury and pesticide exposure /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1997573481&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Jamison, Steven T. "The Association between the Core and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Factors." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343697914.

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Williams, Sean. "Risk factors for injury in elite rugby union : a series of longitudinal analyses." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665416.

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The contacts and collisions that are inherent to elite Rugby Union, alongside changes to players’ physical characteristics and match activities, have raised concerns regarding the level of injury burden associated with the professional game. This programme of research was therefore undertaken to investigate injury risk in this setting. The first study of this thesis (Chapter 3) presents a meta-analytic review of injury data relating to senior men’s professional Rugby Union, which shows an overall match incidence rate of 81 per 1000 player hours; this value is high in comparison with other popular team sports. In Chapter 4, the importance of injuries in the context of performance is demonstrated by showing a substantial negative association exists between injury burden and team success measures. Chapter 5 investigates subsequent injury patterns in this population and identifies injury diagnoses with a high risk of early recurrence, whilst also demonstrating that subsequent injuries are not more severe than their associated index injury. Playing professional Rugby Union on an artificial playing surface does not influence overall acute injury risk in comparison with natural grass surfaces (Chapter 6). Chapters 7 and 8 identify intrinsic risk factors for injury (previous injury, match and training loads) for the first time in this setting, and may be used to inform policies on these pertinent issues. Finally, predictive modelling techniques show some potential for predicting the occurrence and severity of injuries, but require further refinement before they can be implemented within elite Rugby Union teams. Overall, this programme of work highlights the importance of injury prevention for all professional Rugby Union stakeholders, addresses the need to use appropriate statistical techniques to account for the dynamic and clustered nature of sport injury data, and demonstrates approaches through which the injury burden associated with elite Rugby Union may be reduced.

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McAtamney, Lynn. "The inter-relationship risk factors associated with Upper Limb Disorders in VDU users." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239450.

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Redborn, Åsa. "Skador och träningsvanor hos löpare som uppsökt sjukgymnast : en enkätstudie." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4181.

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Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien var att beskriva skador och träningsvanor hos löpare som uppsöker sjukgymnast på stora träningscenter i Stockholmsområdet. Frågeställningarna var: Vilka löprelaterade skador förekommer? Hur ser träningsvanor hos dessa löpare ut? Hur många har haft tidigare löprelaterade skador? Hur ser skillnaden i löpmängd ut mellan kvinnor och män samt mellan knäskadade och icke-knäskadade? Metod: En enkät utformades och lämnades ut till 18 sjukgymnaster som arbetar på 12 träningscenter i Stockholmsområdet. Frågorna i enkäten baserades på en tidigare enkät och modifierades och anpassades efter tillgänglig litteratur och studiens syfte. Enkäten var indelad i 4 delar och innehöll frågor om demografi, löpning, andra träningsvanor och skador. Personer 18 år och äldre med smärta i benet som uppkommit i samband med löpning inkluderades i studien. Totalt samlades 40 enkäter in under perioden 2014-01-29 till och med 2014-06-27. Deskriptiv statistik användes i form av antal och procent samt medelvärde och standarddeviation för normalfördelad data och median och interkvartilt avstånd (IQR) för icke-normalfördelad data. Analytisk statistik i form av student t-test för normalfördelad data och Mann Whitney-U för icke-normalfördelad data användes för de jämförande analyserna. Resultat: Av 40 deltagare var 19 st kvinnor och 21 st män. Knäskada var den mest förekommande skadan, vilket totalt 52.5 % angav. Meniskskada var den vanligaste diagnosen vilket 20 % av deltagarna hade följt av löparknä/iliotibialt smärtsyndrom (17.5 %) och achillestendinos (12.5 %). Asfalt var det vanligaste underlaget att springa på. Långdistans var den mest frekventa löpträningen följt av intervall och backträning. De flesta deltagarna styrketränade (78 %). Av de 40 deltagarna hade 23 st (57.5 %) haft en tidigare löprelaterad skada och endast 12 st blev besvärsfria ifrån denna tidigare skada. Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad i löpmängd mellan knäskadade och icke-knäskadade. Dock fanns en tendens till signifikant skillnad mellan knäskadade och icke-knäskadade gällande löphastighet (p = 0.05). Det fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan kvinnor och män gällande löphastighet (p = 0.02), men inte gällande antal sprungna kilometer per vecka, antal minuter löpning eller antal löptillfällen per vecka. Slutsats: Studien visar att knäskada är den vanligaste skadan och meniskskada den vanligaste diagnosen följt av löparknä/iliotibialt smärtsyndrom och achillestendinos hos löpare som uppsöker sjukgymnast på de utvalda träningscentrena i Stockholmsområdet. Mer än hälften av deltagarna har haft en tidigare löprelaterad skada. Framtida studier med fler deltagare behövs för att kunna undersöka och dra generella slutsatser om samband mellan löpmängd och olika löprelaterade skador samt om träning såsom styrketräning kan användas i skadeförebyggande syfte.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe injuries and training characteristics in runners who consult a physical therapist at a large training center in the County of Stockholm. Research questions: What running related injuries (RRI) do they have? What are the training characteristics of these runners? How many have had earlier RRIs? How does running volume in this sample differ between men and women as well as between knee-injured and non-knee injured runners? Method: A questionnaire was designed and handed to 18 physical therapists who work at 12 different training centers in the County of Stockholm. The questions in the questionnaire were based on a previous questionnaire then modified based on previous studies and adjusted to fit the purpose of the study. The questionnaire was divided into 4 parts with questions about demographics, running, other forms of training and injuries. People, 18 years and older, with pain from the hip down, that started during running were included in the study. A total of 40 questionnaires were collected from 2014-01-29 to 2014-06-27. Descriptive statistics were used as number of observations and percent as well as mean and standard deviation for normally distributed data and median and inter quartile range (IQR) for non-normally distributed data. Statistical analysis was performed using student t-test for normally distributed data and Mann Whitney-U test for non-normally distributed data. Results: There were a total of 40 participants, 19 female and 21 male. Knee injury was the most common injury which 52.5 % of the participants stated. Meniscal injury was the most common diagnosis with 20 % of the participants followed by runner’s knee/iliotibial band syndrome (17.5 %) and achillestendinosis (12.5 %). Asphalt was the most commonly used running surface. Long distance running was the most common type of running followed by interval and hill training. Most of the participants were performing strength training (78 %). 23 (57.5 %) of the 40 participants have had a previous running related injury. There was not a significant difference in running volume between participants with knee injury and non-knee injury. There was a tendency towards a significant difference in running speed between runners with knee injury and non- knee injury (p = 0.05). There was a significant difference between women and men regarding running speed (p = 0.02) but not regarding number of kilometers, number of minutes or number of occasions of running per week. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that knee injury is the most common running injury and that meniscal injury is the most common diagnosis followed by runner’s knee/iliotibial band syndrome and achillestendinosis in runners diagnosed by a physical therapist at the chosen training centers in the County of Stockholm. More than 50% have had a previous running related injury. Future studies with more participants are needed in order to draw conclusions on relationships between running volume and RRIs and if strength training can be used as prevention of RRIs.

Presenterat vid OMT/FYIM Kongress/Årsmöte Täby Park hotell 20-21 mars 2015

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Schulman, Carl I. "Prevention of Elderly Pedestrian Injury - A Comprehensive Approach and Analysis." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/568.

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The mortality rate for elderly pedestrians struck by vehicles is the highest of any age group, approaching 30% in several large series. Currently, there is a lack of epidemiological studies of the risk factors associated with elderly pedestrian injury; in particular, few prospective studies of elderly pedestrian injuries have been performed. The primary purpose of this project was to identify risk factors that will lead to the development and implementation of effective prevention strategies to reduce the risk of pedestrian injury in this vulnerable population. The project had three phases. In phase 1, pilot studies were performed and identified potential risk factors for elderly pedestrians and confirmed their ability to recall accident details. Risk factors identified included certain walking and street crossing behaviors, as well as the lack of use of assistive devices. In Phase 2, the relatively new case-crossover design was utilized to investigate the association of transient (proximate) triggers or exposures with elderly pedestrian injuries. The relative risk of injury if not obeying the traffic signal is five-fold (odds ratio = 5.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.8 – 15.1). Risk factors such as use of sedating or mood altering medications, or the use of alcohol did not have sufficient discordance for analysis. The behavioral findings suggested that educational programs and behavioral modification might play an important role in designing future interventions. Therefore, in Phase 3, an elderly pedestrian safety program called Safe Crossings was created and evaluated. Over 700 subjects participated in the programs, with 99% reporting they felt it was an important topic and 93% acknowledging they learned something from the program. Focus groups were also utilized to help refine the content and delivery of the program. Posters and brochures were created and distributed in English, Spanish and Creole. The program is now set for wider dissemination and validation.

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Laye-Gindhu, Aviva Mia. "Nonsuicidal self-injury in street-involved adolescents : identification of risk and protective factors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36741.

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Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), or the deliberate, direct, self-inflicted injury to body tissue that occurs in the absence of suicidal intent and developmental disabilities, is a serious and increasingly prevalent health risk among adolescents. Evidence suggests that vulnerable adolescents, such those that are street-involved, are at high risk for negative health outcomes, including NSSI. Using a theoretically and empirically derived model of risk and resilience, this study is the first to identify a broad range of risk and protective factors associated with NSSI. The study involved secondary analysis of data gathered using the Street-Involved Youth Health Survey (SYHS) with a sample of 762 adolescents aged 12-18 across British Columbia. Prevalence of NSSI was 56% and 34% for females and males, respectively, with sexual minority youth three times more likely to report this behaviour. Results from a series of logistic regression analyses revealed different models of risk and protection for males and females. At the multivariate level, the strongest risk factors for females were previous suicide attempt, risky behaviour, experiencing more consequences of substance use, sexual abuse by two or more perpetrators, and maternal problems. For males, the strongest risk factors were previous suicide attempt, risky behaviour, and being victim of relational aggression. The strongest modifiable protective factors for males and females were better emotional health and family connectedness, with school peer relations for males and subjective health status for females also showing significance. Probability profiles created from different combinations of the final set of salient factors highlight not only the multiplicative risk at play in these youths` lives but also the impact of protective factors to offset risk. For boys, with three risk factors (RF) and three protective factors (PF), the likelihood of NSSI ranged from 9% (0-RF, 3-PF) to 90% (3-RF, 0-PF). For girls, with three risk factors and two protective factors, the likelihood of NSSI ranged from 19% (0-RF, 2-PF) to 99% (3-RF, 0-PF). Profiles in this study underscore the value of risk and protection as powerful tools for developing the knowledge base on NSSI and for guiding prevention and intervention efforts.

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Pérez, Fernández Xose Luis. "Sepsis associated Acute Kidney Injury: incidence, risk factors and continuous renal replacement therapies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667120.

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A-AKI has a high incidence and mortality in critically ill septic patients. We hypothesized that current recommendations for sepsis management do not prevent SA-AKI incidence. Furthermore, the need for CRRT in septic shock patients with SA-AKI is very high. We hypothesized that CRRT timing in these patients should be based on urine output (UO). Finally, when CRRT is indicated, we hypothesized that CVVHD is superior to CVVH in terms of extracorporeal circuit patency and abscence of dialytrauma. In our first study the worsening of SA-AKI stage or the appearance of SA-AKI during the following 7 days (from sepsis onset) was clearly associated with a worst outcome in terms of survival (90-day survival). An important percentage of septic patients presented hypotension and this was clearly associated with SA-AKI incidence as well as the presence of an abdominal etiology which is a well-known risk factor for SA-AKI development. Although the accomplishment of the SSC tasks in our study population was globally low, contrary to other studies we did not observe a decrease of SA-AKI incidence in those patients who had high levels of accomplishment. When SSC tasks were separately analized, early antibiotic administration was not related with a lower incidence of SA-AKI either. In those patients who were hypotensive, EGDT measures achievement did not decrease SA-AKI incidence. In our second international observational study, we analyzed all those patients with SA-AKI whom required CRRT due to a septic shock condition within the first 24 h from CRRT initiation. A higher age, severity of illness, medical as opposed to surgical admission, a higher BUN at CRRT initiation, a decreased UO and SCr at CRRT initiation, and more days from hospital admission to CRRT initiation were all associated with worse survival. No association between SA-AKI stage at CRRT initiation and 90-day mortality was observed, the same as the majority of previous studies reported. Whether earlier strategies of CRRT initiation (known as “timing”) could have an impact in the outcome of patients with SA-AKI was evaluated in a subgroup of homogeneous patients with septic shock all of them presenting advanced SA-AKI stage 3 at ICU admission and initiated on CRRT within the first 5 days from ICU admission. UO and time from ICU to CRRT were compared as timing criteria and UO proved to be more useful when deciding CRRT initiation than a standard “clock time” from ICU admission variable. To demonstrate a higher EC patency with the use of CVVHD in SA-AKI patients we performed a third study comparing the use of CVVHD associated to an adsorption capacity membrane with the use of CVVH associated to the same membrane. Filters were changed at 24 h and 48 h in order to ensure de adsorption capacity. We observed a trend to a longer EC patency with the use of CVVHD although this was not translated in a decrease in the number of dialytrauma events. Cytokines concentrations were measured during the first 72 h and no differences were observed between both groups with the use of an adsorption capacity membrane. Based on all these previous findings we can conclude that SA-AKI incidence and mortality are high in critically ill patients with sepsis especially in those who present hypotension or septic shock. These last patients due to their severe condition often require CRRT which should be initiated only in advanced AKI stages with immediate initiation criteria together with the help of UO. Finally, CRRT in SA-AKI patients when necessary should be encouraged to a preferential use of CVVHD associated to adsorption capacity membranes which seem to improve EC patency with no clinical outcome differences when compared to CVVH.
A pesar de los avances en los campos del fracaso renal agudo (FRA) y la sepsis, la aparición de fracaso renal agudo de origen séptico (FRA-S) en el paciente crítico continúa asociándose a una elevada morbimortalidad. En la actualidad el tratamiento del FRA-S es de soporte y fundamentalmente dirigido al cumplimiento de las recomendaciones internacionales en el manejo del paciente séptico, minimizar la hipervolemia asociada a la disminución de la diuresis, y evitar el uso de nefrotóxicos. En estos pacientes críticos con FRA-S es habitual la necesidad de terapias de reemplazo renal (TRR) como tratamiento de soporte. El momento de inicio de las TRR y la modalidad empleada han generado en los últimos tiempos una importante discusión científica sin que por el momento se haya evidenciado ninguna mejoría pronóstica con el inicio precoz o con el uso de una modalidad determinada. Es por ello que el propósito de este trabajo durante estos años ha sido el de evaluar la incidencia real y mortalidad asociada que el FRA-S tiene en el paciente crítico con sepsis, la identificación de los factores de riesgo asociados a la aparición de FRA-S, el impacto que el cumplimiento de las medidas internacionales en la sepsis tiene sobre la incidencia de FRA-S, la identificación de las variables clínicas asociadas al pronóstico de los pacientes críticos con FRA-S que requieren TRR así como su posible utilidad para definir una estrategia de inicio precoz (con impacto pronóstico), y por último, a través un ensayo clínico piloto, evaluar en el mismo tipo de población (enfermos críticos con FRA-S) los beneficios del uso de una modalidad difusiva como la hemodiálisis venovenosa continua (HDVVC) en comparación con el uso de una modalidad convectiva como la hemofiltración venovenosa continua (HVVC), empleando la misma membrana con capacidad de adsorción en ambos grupos.

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Dennis, Rebecca Jane Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Risk factors for repetitive microtrauma injury to adolescent and adult cricket fast bowlers." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Safety Science, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24172.

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Cricket is one of Australia's most popular sports, both in terms of participation rates and spectator interest. However, as with all sports, participation in cricket can be associated with a risk of injury. Injury surveillance in Australia and internationally has consistently identified fast bowlers as the players at the greatest risk of injury. This clearly establishes fast bowlers as the priority group for continued risk factor research. The primary aim of this thesis is to describe the epidemiology of repetitive microtrauma injuries and identify the risk factors for these injuries to male adolescent and adult fast bowlers. The program of research consists of three sequential prospective cohort studies, which were conducted over four cricket seasons. The rate of injury was high in all these studies, with nearly half of the 305 bowlers sustaining an injury. The first of the three studies, which was conducted over three seasons, recruited 95 adult first-class fast bowlers and investigated bowling workload as a risk factor for injury. The findings suggested that there were thresholds for both low and high workload, beyond which the risk of injury increased. The second study recruited 47 adolescent high performance fast bowlers for one season, and identified a significant association between high bowling workload and injury. Based on the results of these two studies, workload guidelines for adult and adolescent fast bowlers are described in detail in this thesis. The third study expanded on the first two workload studies and concurrently investigated a range of potential injury risk factors relating to bowling workload, physical characteristics and bowling technique. A total of 91 adult and adolescent high performance fast bowlers participated in the third study for one season. Two independent predictors of injury were identified: increased hip internal rotation and reduced ankle dorsiflexion. This program of research has provided information that is essential for the development of evidence-based injury prevention guidelines for adolescent and adult fast bowlers. The next stage in the injury prevention process is to implement measures that control the exposure to the injury risk factors identified in this thesis.

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Emery, Carolyn A. "Risk factors for groin and abdominal strain injury in the National Hockey League." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38581.pdf.

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Jager-Hyman, Shari Gail. "Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in a College Sample: Risk Factors, Pathways, and Diagnostic Correlates." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/201201.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
As research on nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is in its beginning stages, relatively little is known about the variables that confer risk for this class of behaviors. Although recent work has implicated the role of childhood maltreatment in the development of NSSI, this body of literature is hampered by several important limitations. These limitations include either grouping together all forms of maltreatment (i.e., emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) or focusing on only one form of maltreatment. In addition, there is a paucity of research exploring the mechanisms by which maltreatment experiences relate to NSSI. Furthermore, although a great deal of attention has focused on the relation between self-harm (both suicidal and nonsuicidal) and specific psychological diagnoses, particularly borderline personality disorder (BPD), the vast majority of this research has been conducted with severe clinical samples. As a result, there is a dearth of knowledge about the risk factors, pathways, and diagnostic correlates of NSSI in non-clinical samples. Given that recent research has suggested that NSSI is increasingly common in college samples, the current study aimed to address these limitations in a diverse sample of 1,819 college students. Participants completed assessments of childhood maltreatment experiences, NSSI, as well as two potential mediators, emotion dysregulation and cognitive vulnerability, and one potential moderator, impulsivity. In addition, a subset of participants (n = 140) were administered diagnostic interviews for BPD and depression. Results provided support for the role of childhood maltreatment in the development in NSSI. Controlling for other forms of maltreatment, emotional maltreatment was most predictive of NSSI. Both emotion dysregulation and negative cognitive style partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and NSSI. In contrast, impulsivity did not significantly moderate the childhood maltreatment - NSSI relation. As expected, borderline personality features significantly predicted NSSI. However, contrary to expectations, impulsivity and affective instability were not the strongest borderline criteria in the prediction of NSSI. Treatment implications of these results, strengths and limitations, as well as areas of future research are discussed.
Temple University--Theses

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Cross, Matthew. "Epidemiology and risk factors for injury and illness in male professional Rugby Union." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687386.

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This thesis investigates the epidemiology and risk factors for injury in professional Rugby Union with a view to informing injury reduction strategies. Over the last decade, concussion has rapidly become the principal player welfare issue faced by collision sports. Chapter 3 highlights the high and rising incidence of concussion in the professional game and suggests some possible reasons for the changing landscape regarding the reporting of concussion in professional Rugby Union. Given this high incidence, the findings from this study reinforce the importance of further understanding concerning the safe return to play following concussion. Therefore, chapter 4 explores the short and medium term clinical outcomes and return to play of players following a concussion. Players who reported a concussion had a 60% increase in injury risk following return to play when compared with players who did not sustain a concussion. Additionally, 38% of players reported a recurrence of symptoms or failed to match their baseline neurocognitive test score during the return to play protocol. Together, these findings highlight the need to explore an alternative (either a more conservative or different rehabilitation model) return to play pathway. Another prominent player welfare issue in elite Rugby Union is the management of match and training load. Chapter 5 of this thesis was the first study to investigate the training load-injury relationship in professional Rugby Union. Players had an increased risk of injury if they had high one-week cumulative or large week-to-week changes in load. Furthermore, a ‘U-shaped’ relationship was observed for four-week cumulative loads, with an apparent increase in risk associated with lower/higher loads and intermediate loads appeared beneficial in reducing injury risk in this setting. Finally, it has been suggested that the impact of illness on an athlete’s ability to participate can be as significant as that of injury. Chapter 6 provides the first study to investigate the epidemiology of time-loss illness in English professional Rugby Union. Although the burden of illness is significantly less than injury, the high severity and seasonal clustering of illness in this cohort clearly highlights the need for the continued surveillance of illness in this setting. Despite rugby being a collision sport with a primary focus on conditioning and performance, this research programme clearly highlights the potential for modifying existing practice in order to reduce injury risk. Conversely, injuries such as concussion are difficult to prevent without substantial law change, making the practical recommendations put forward in this thesis with reference to possible improvements in the management of players following concussion vital to consider.

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Heath, Douglas. "Factors Affecting Occupant Risk of Knee-Thigh-Hip Injury in Frontal Vehicle Collisions." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/422.

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Every year, millions of people are killed or injured in motor vehicle accidents in the United States. Although recent improvements to occupant restraint systems, such as seatbelts and airbags, have significantly decreased life threatening injuries, which usually occur to the chest or head, they have done little to decrease the occurrence of lower extremity injuries. Although lower extremity injuries are not usually life threatening, they can result in chronic disability and high psychosocial cost. Of all lower extremity injuries, injuries to the knee-thigh-hip (KTH) region have been shown to be among the most debilitating. This project used a finite element (FE) model of the KTH region to study injury. A parametric investigation was conducted where the FE KTH was simulated as a vehicle occupant positioned to a range of pre-crash driving postures. The results indicate that foot contact force and knee kinematics during impact affects the axial force absorbed by the KTH region and the likelihood of injury. The results of the study could be used to reevaluate the lower extremity injury thresholds currently used to regulate vehicle safety standards. Also, the results could be used to provide guidelines to vehicle manufacturers for developing safer occupant compartments.

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Linares-Linares, Mariela Alejandra, Jorge Arturo Figueroa-Tarrillo, Viacava Renato Cerna, Nilton Yhuri Carreazo, and Renzo P. Valdivia-Vega. "Risk factors associated to hospital mortality in patients with acute kidney injury on hemodialysis." Medwave, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622342.

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INTRODUCTION: The worldwide incidence of acute kidney injury is 18% and the overall hospital mortality can rise above 50%. In Peru, there are few series about mortality of acute kidney injury in hemodialysis patients. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors associated to hospital mortality of acute kidney injury in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort of patients with acute kidney injury in hemodialysis of Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins gathered between January 2013 and December 2015. The sample size was 154 patients which allowed a power of 80% and a CI of 95%. ICD-10 codes were used to identify medical records of patients with acute kidney injury (N.17) and hemodialysis (Z.49). The independent variable was oliguria, and the primary outcome was hospital mortality. Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: We identified a total of 285 patients; 212 medical records were analyzed and 44 were excluded. Out of the 168 medical records, 129 belonged to living patients and 39 to deceased ones. The overall mortality incidence was 17.2%. The principal etiologies of acute kidney injury while in hemodialysis were sepsis (39.2%), and severe dehydration (10.8%). In the adjusted model, the risk factors associated to hospital mortality of acute kidney injury while in hemodialysis were elevated serum lactate (RR 1.09), elevated serum potassium (RR 0.93), and mean arterial pressure (RR 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Lactate is an objective parameter that can predict prognosis and contributes to a better management of acute kidney injury in hemodialysis patients. INTRODUCCIÓN: La incidencia de insuficiencia renal aguda a nivel mundial es 18% y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria puede alcanzar más del 50%. En Perú, existen escasos estudios acerca de la mortalidad en pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda en hemodiálisis. OBJETIVOS: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda en hemodiálisis. MÉTODOS: Es una cohorte retrospectiva, en la cual se estudió a los pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda en hemodiálisis en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2015. Se halló un tamaño de muestra de 154 pacientes con una potencia de 80%, y un intervalo de confianza de 95%. Se utilizaron los códigos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades-10 para identificar las historias clínicas de pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda (N.17) y hemodiálisis (Z.49). La variable independiente fue oliguria y la variable dependiente fue mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Para el análisis multivariado, se utilizó regresión de Poisson. RESULTADOS: El universo fue de 285 pacientes. Se revisaron 212 historias clínicas y se excluyeron 44. De las 168 historias clínicas estudiadas, 129 pertenecían a pacientes vivos y 39 a fallecidos. La incidencia de mortalidad fue de 17,2%. Las principales causas de insuficiencia renal aguda en hemodiálisis fueron sepsis (39,2%) y deshidratación severa (10,8%). En el modelo ajustado, los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad intrahospitalaria de insuficiencia renal aguda en hemodiálisis fueron lactato (riesgo relativo 1,09), potasio (riesgo relativo 0,93), y presión arterial media (riesgo relativo 0,97). CONCLUSIONES: El lactato es un parámetro objetivo que permite predecir el pronóstico y contribuye a un mejor manejo de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal aguda en hemodiálisis.

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32

Snow, Louisa Claire. "Attempted suicide and self injury in prisons : an exploration of risk factors and motivations." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250296.

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Van, Zyl Sanet. "Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associated risk factors for injury among university student rugby players." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78438.

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Background: Specific features of university student rugby players and the tournaments they compete in may involve epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associated risk factors that differ from other populations. To date, this has not been studied. Aim of the study: To determine the epidemiology, clinical characteristics of and the associated risk factors for rugby-related injuries in university student rugby players. Design: Prospective cohort study Setting: Rugby teams (Young Guns [YG] and Varsity Cup [VC] representing the University of Pretoria (UP) in the Varsity Rugby tournament. Participants: 171 male university student rugby players. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted over two consecutive rugby seasons (2018/19 and 2019/20). Male student rugby players at UP that were included in the YG and VC squads, were followed over a total period of 35 weeks (2018/19: 18 weeks, 2019/20: 17 weeks). The two squads were comprised of a total of 179 players over the two-year period, where 171 players gave consent for study participation. Baseline data were collected at the beginning of pre-season preparations. These included player’s age, playing position and highest level of representation, and completion of injury history and medical history questionnaires. Medical staff affiliated with the teams recorded all training and match time-loss injuries during preseason and in-competition period. Data are reported as the incidence (injuries per 1 000 player-hours: 95% CI) of time-loss rugby-related injuries, injured player proportion (%), frequency (% of injuries) of injury characteristics and injury severity grade (time loss) for training and match injuries. These outcome measures are reported for anatomical region, body area, tissue type, pathology type, and mechanism of injury. The relative risk (RR) of injury was calculated for potential risk factors (participant demographics [age groups], rugby specific information [level of competition, playing position, highest level of play], medical history of disease [medical risk category], and injury history [acute or chronic injury 12 months prior, severe injury in entire sporting career]) by means of univariate analysis. Results: The primary findings with regards to epidemiology and clinical characteristics are as follows: 1) 60% of players sustained an injury during each season, 2) 64% of all injuries occurred during matches and the overall injury incidence (per 1 000 player hours) was significantly higher in matches (131.1) compared with training (2.4), 3) 84% of injuries were new injuries, 4) during training, most injuries (65%) affected the lower limb, while in matches upper limb (37%) and lower limb injuries (36%) were equally common, 5) training injuries mostly affected the ankle (16%) body area, whereas match injuries more frequently affected the shoulder (20%), 6) the majority of injuries involved muscle/tendon (57%) as the tissue type, of which approximately half were muscle injuries and a third were muscle contusions, 7) the injury severity profile was similar between match and training injuries and more than a quarter of all injuries resulted in time-loss of more than 28 days, 8) contact mechanisms of injury lead to most injuries in matches, whereas non-contact mechanisms accounted for a larger proportion of training injuries, 9) almost half of match injuries occur during the tackle phase (49%), and 10) a high percentage of players could not recall the match period where the injury occurred (24%). The following risk factors associated with incurring an injury during a season were identified: 1) the older age group within the student cohort, 2) higher level of tournament, and 3) any recent injury (past 12 months), 4) a recent injury (past 12 months) to the lower limb. Conclusion: The injured player proportion and match injury incidence were higher in university student rugby players participating in the VC and YG tournaments than has been previously reported in elite professional rugby. The number and severity profiles of training and match injuries were similar. Training injuries mostly occurred in non-contact situations and affected the lower limb, whereas contact injuries were more common in matches and the upper and lower limb were affected at equal frequencies. We show an association between injury risk and age, level of competition, previous acute and/or chronic injury during the past 12 months and specifically a lower limb injury in the past 12 months. The study findings can add to the collective knowledge of injuries and associated risk for injury among student rugby players which in turn may assist medical team members to plan and implement effective injury prevention strategies for this specific population in future.
Dissertation (MPhysiotherapy)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Physiotherapy
MPhysiotherapy
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Jenkins, Abigail Lauren. "A MULTIMETHOD APPROACH TO ASSESSING SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AMONG SELF-INJURERS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/287930.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior are prevalent problems, particularly among young adults. However, previous research on factors that might impact the severity of NSSI is limited, with no studies examining concurrently demographic and psychological risk factors, along with how reasons for engaging in, and emotional states surrounding, NSSI might impact its course. Furthermore, no studies to date have examined how these variables may be associated with laboratory-based behavioral indicators of NSSI severity. Similarly, the relationship between NSSI and suicide has been largely unexplored until recently. The few studies that have been conducted to date have relied primarily on self-report batteries of symptoms, largely neglecting interview and performance-based methodologies. The current study used a multi-method approach to elucidate factors associated with: 1) co-morbid suicidal behavior and 2) NSSI severity among a sample of young adults who engage in NSSI. Finally, the current study sought to develop an algorithm for predicting suicidal behavior among self-injurers by simultaneously examining all study variables to determine which variables best differentiated between those with and without a history of suicidal behavior. Hypotheses: It was hypothesized that: 1) greater endorsement of self-punishment, emotion regulation, sensation seeking, and addiction functions of NSSI, along with decreases in negative affect and increases in positive affect during NSSI, would be independently associated with a history of suicidal behavior after controlling for relevant demographic and diagnostic characteristics, and 2) greater endorsement of self-punishment, emotion regulation, sensation seeking, and addiction functions, along with decreases in negative affect and increases in positive affect during NSSI, each would be independently associated with a more severe course of NSSI as indicated by a greater number of self-reported acts and methods of NSSI, stronger implicit associations with NSSI, and higher levels of behavioral self-aggression. Methods: Participants were 68 undergraduates aged 18-26 who had engaged in at least 5 acts of NSSI, with at least one in the past six months. Twenty-eight participants endorsed little or no previous suicidal ideation and were in the NSSI Only group. Forty participants endorsed clinical levels of suicidal behavior (plans or attempts) in their lifetime and were in the NSSI+Suicidal Behavior group. Participants completed a screening procedure during which they completed self-report measures of lifetime history of NSSI and suicidal behavior, as well as self-report measures of impulsivity and affect regulation. Participants who met inclusion criteria were enrolled in the full study during which they completed diagnostic interviews for Axis I and II psychopathology, structured interviews to assess detailed lifetime self-injurious and suicidal behavior, self-report measures to assess current mood, and behavioral tasks assessing implicit associations with NSSI and self-aggression. Results: In terms of predicting group membership, mean level of behavioral self-aggression in the lab and engaging in NSSI for the purpose of emotion regulation significantly predicted membership in the NSSI+S study group. Regarding NSSI severity, engaging in NSSI because one feels addicted, significantly predicted more self-reported lifetime acts and methods of NSSI. Engaging in NSSI in order to meet interpersonal needs was significantly associated with implicit associations with NSSI, and increases in positive affect during NSSI were significantly associated with greater mean behavioral self-aggression in the lab. Finally, a simple algorithm was developed that correctly classified 87% of study participants into their correct study groups. This algorithm included only four variables: a history of suicidal ideation, trait sensation seeking, mean level of behavioral self-aggression in the lab, and current alcohol abuse. Conclusions: The current study revealed that although NSSI and suicidal behavior have several similarities, they are distinct in several ways and many self-injurious individuals are not suicidal. Furthermore, the two study groups did not differ significantly on any Axis I or II diagnosis, suggesting that focusing primarily on diagnostic differentiators between NSSI and suicide may be misguided. Rather, the current study found that reasons for engaging in NSSI, affective states surrounding NSSI, and behavioral self-aggression, contribute significantly to NSSI severity and the relation between NSSI and suicide.
Temple University--Theses

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Kiapour, Ata. "Non-Contact ACL Injuries during Landing: Risk Factors and Mechanisms." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1368186846.

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MacPhee, Shannon-Dell. "The first episode of non-suicidal self-injury and risk factors for age of onset." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104854.

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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as direct and deliberate self-inflicted body tissue damage, performed without conscious suicidal intent and for purposes not socially sanctioned. Recent research initiatives have included efforts to gain a better understanding of the development of NSSI overtime, including behaviour onset, duration, and severity. This line of investigation brings to light potential risk and protective factors in NSSI behaviour. While risk factors increase the likelihood of negative outcomes, protective factors promote positive adaptation and resilience. To date, researchers have not examined the initial onset of NSSI; however, they have identified key first episode variables in other maladaptive behaviours that inform later trajectories. One such element is age at first episode, which has been previously associated with NSSI frequency and severity, but researchers have yet to examine factors that may determine age of onset. The role of the familial environment has been well documented as a risk factor for NSSI behaviour. It has been argued that invalidating home environments are foundational to weak interpersonal and emotion-regulation competencies that in turn lead to maladaptive coping strategies, such as NSSI. The current program of research sought to contribute to the current literature concerning the developmental trajectory of NSSI. This was done through an examination of the first episode of NSSI and first episode variables related to continued NSSI behaviour, as well as potential familial risk factors for NSSI age of onset. These research areas are addressed through two manuscripts that include community samples of young adult males and females who reported having engaged in NSSI. Manuscript 1 (N = 108; 29 male, 79 female) included an exploration of the context of the first episode of NSSI, followed by an examination of age of onset, affect, and disclosure at the first episode, in NSSI continuation. Descriptive results indicated a mean age at first episode of 14.8 years, and a majority response for participants' home as the location of the first episode, with most indicating It just came to me, for the origin of the idea to engage in NSSI. Among the sample, most participants reportedly engaged in NSSI again within one month (52.9 %), and 30.8% told someone after the first episode. A younger age of onset and an increase in positive affect after the first episode were associated with a greater likelihood of future engagement in the behaviour. Disclosure following the first episode was associated with a decreased likelihood of succeeding episodes.Manuscript 2 (N = 106; 27 male, 79 female) investigated potential familial risk factors for NSSI age of onset through analyses that served to distinguish three age of onset groups on indices of attachment (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) and childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse). Those with an age of onset of 12 years and under were significantly more likely to report an avoidant attachment with the primary caregiver and emotional abuse, in comparison to the 13-17 year and 18-25 year NSSI onset groups. In sum, the current program of research provides a context for NSSI initiation and reveals the role of onset variables in continued engagement in NSSI. Additionally, it identifies potential risk factors for NSSI age of onset. This serves to inform the developmental NSSI literature based on preliminary data that links age of onset to a more severe trajectory of the behaviour.
L'automutilation non-suicidaire (AMNS) est l'acte de s'infliger des dommages directes et délibérées aux tissus du corps, effectuée sans intention suicidaire consciente et à des fins non sanctionné par la société. Les initiatives de recherche récentes incluent des efforts visant à acquérir une meilleure compréhension de l'évolution de l'AMNS, incluant l'apparition du comportement, la durée, et la gravité. Ces enquêtes mettent à jour les risques et facteurs protecteurs de l'AMNS. Bien que les risques augmentent la probabilité de résultats négatifs, les facteurs protecteurs favorisent l'adaptation positive et la résilience. L'apparition initiale de l'AMNS n'a toujours pas été examinée, mais les variables principaux qui informent les trajectoires d'autres comportements ont été identifiés. Un de ces facteurs est l'âge du sujet au moment du premier épisode. L'âge a déjà été associée à la fréquence et à la gravité de l'AMNS, mais les facteurs qui peuvent influencer l'âge d'apparition n'ont pas été examiné jusqu'à présent. Le rôle de l'environnement familial est bien documenté comme un facteur de risque de comportement l'AMNS. Les milieux d'accueil invalidant pourraient être à la base de faiblesses dans les relations interpersonnelles et de difficultés à maitriser les émotions, qui pourrait à leurs tours conduire à des stratégies de fonctionnement inadaptées, tel l'AMNS. Le programme de recherche ci-présent a cherché à contribuer à la littérature existante concernant la trajectoire de développement de l'AMNS. Cela a été accompli en examinant le premier épisode de l'AMNS, les variables liées à l'AMNS persistante, et aux risques familiaux affectant l'âge d'apparition de l'AMNS. Ces domaines de recherche sont présentés dans deux manuscrits, examinant des échantillons communautaires de jeunes hommes et femmes qui ont déclaré avoir prit part à l'AMNS. Le premier manuscrit (N = 108; 29 hommes, 79 femmes) comprenait une exploration du contexte du premier épisode de NSSI, suivi d'un examen du rôle de l'âge d'apparition, de l'émotion, et de la communication lors du premier épisode de l'AMNS persistante. Les résultats ont indique que l'âge moyen du premier épisode était de 14,8 ans, que la maison était l'emplacement principale du premier épisode, et que la source première de l'AMNS était que l'idée leurs « est venu spontanément ». Dans cet échantillon, la plupart des participants auraient répété l'AMNS à nouveau dans un délai de moins d'un mois (52,9%), et 30,8% en ont parlé à quelqu'un après le premier épisode. Un âge d'AMNS plus jeune, et une augmentation d'émotions positives après le premier épisode sont associés à une probabilité supérieur de répéter le comportement dans le futur. La divulgation après le premier épisode est associée à une diminution de la probabilité d'épisodes futurs. Le deuxième manuscrit (N = 106; 27 hommes, 79 femmes) a étudié le rôle des facteurs de risque familial sur l'âge d'apparition de l'AMNS. Des analyses qui ont servi à distinguer trois groupes d'âge d'apparition sur des indices d'attachement (sécure, évitant, ambivalent) et de traitement abusif des enfants (abus physique, négligence physique, violence psychologique, négligence affective, abus sexuel). Les résultats indiquent que ceux ayant un âge d'apparition de 12 ans et moins étaient beaucoup plus susceptibles d'indiquer avoir un attachement évitant avec leur parent responsable, et d'avoir été victime de violence psychologique, par rapport à ceux ayant un âge d'apparition de 13-17 et de 18-25 ans.En sommaire, ce programme de recherche fournit un contexte pour l'initiation de l'AMNS, et révèle le rôle de l'apparition dans un engagement continu de l'AMNS. De plus, il identifie les facteurs de risque contribuant à l'âge d'apparition de l'AMNS. Ce programme contribue à la littérature sur le développement de l'AMNS, grâce a des résultats préliminaires liant l'âge de début à une trajectoire plus sévère du comportement.

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Haya, Hidalgo Jenny Rosario 1978. "Neurogenic bowel dysfunction in subjects with brain injury : prevalence, risk factors, clinical characterization and physiopathology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665842.

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To date, there are scarce data on bowel dysfunction (BD) in patients after brain injury (BI). Until now, only fecal incontinence (FI) has received attention and it has been mainly associated to patients’ age or performance status after the brain damage. In this thesis we report on the elevated incidence of BD in patients after an acute BI event, including FI but also diarrhea, severe constipation, abdominal pain and distention. We have characterized the clinical manifestations of these gut dysfunctions and measured their impact on QOL. We have also explored risks factors and underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. We conclude that BD is very common and long-lasting in patients who experiment acute BI, it may have a major impact on QOL and it appears to depend on damaged brain area. The physiologic studies suggest bowel dysfunctions have a distinct etiopathogenesis compared to patients with the same clinical manifestations but no brain injury.
Hi ha poques dades sobre disfunció intestinal (DI) en pacients que han patit lesió cerebral (LC). La incontinència fecal (IF) és la única que ha rebut atenció i s’ha considerat associada a edat i l’estatus funcional després de la LC. En aquesta tesi comuniquem la elevada incidència de DI en aquests pacients, incloent-hi la IF però també el restrenyiment sever, el dolor i la distensió abdominals. Hem caracteritzat les manifestacions clíniques d’aquestes DI i hem mesurat el seu impacte en la qualitat de vida. Hem explorat també factors de risc i mecanismes fisiopatològics subjacents. Concloem que la DI és molt comú i perdura en pacients amb LC. Pot tenir un gran impacte en la qualitat de vida i sembla que depèn de la zona cerebral afectada. Els estudis fisiològics realitzats suggereixen que les disfuncions intestinals tenen una etiopatogènesi diferent a la dels pacients amb similars manifestacions però sense lesió cerebral.

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Cha, Christine Boram. "Clarifying Psychological Risk Factors for Self-Injury and Suicidal Behaviors: Clinical Applications of Behavioral Measures." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845060.

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Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors are life-threatening, prevalent, and challenging clinical outcomes to predict. This dissertation explores the use of behavioral measures to improve prediction of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation. This builds on the growing body of literature supporting the clinical application of behavioral measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and emotional Stroop Task with self-injurious and suicidal individuals. I tackle three questions to inform continued research and application. First, can the Self-Injury IAT be used in acute care settings to predict NSSI? Study 1 shows that the Self-Injury IAT can be used for short-term prediction: it predicted NSSI occurring during hospital stays above and beyond other risk factors, but did not predict NSSI occurring after hospital discharge. Surprisingly, patients’ explicit self-report was a more robust predictor of NSSI than the Self-Injury IAT. Admission-to-discharge change in patients' explicit self-report, but not IAT performance, predicted whether they engaged in NSSI after hospital discharge. Second, how does transient mood affect the predictive validity of the Suicide IAT and Stroop task? In Study 2, suicide ideators demonstrated significantly stronger implicit identification with death after (vs. before) the mood induction, as indicated by post-induction IAT performance. Controlling for history of suicidal ideation, post-induction performance was most predictive of suicidal ideation when assessed categorically (i.e., identification with Death vs. Life). Suicide Stroop performance remained unrelated to suicidal ideation on its own, but enhanced prediction of suicidal ideation when combined with Suicide IAT performance. All baseline suicide ideators who achieved one particular type of IAT/Stroop scoring profile experienced suicidal thoughts six months later. Third, is it safe to administer behavioral measures related to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors? Study 3 reveals that there is minimal change in self-injurious or suicidal urges from before to after completing Suicide and Self-Injury IATs. This was found across three distinct samples. A small to moderate mood decline was consistently detected, which was isolated to female respondents and one type of IAT that presented NSSI-related images. Female participants’ negative mood after viewing NSSI-related images appeared to be transient in nature--possibly be alleviated by viewing positive images. This collection of studies balances clinical application and psychological science, and presents a number of important considerations for future research and practice.
Psychology

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39

Bonnette, Scott H. "On the Modification of Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes Through Visual Feedback." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490354399587209.

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40

Krackow, Michael Stuart. "An analysis of player position group, height, weight, and relative body weight and their relationship to scores on the Functional Movement Screen(TM)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30025.

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Sports medicine professionals are continuously attempting to keep the incidence of injuries down. One way to accomplish this is to employ preventive methods that identify athletes who are at a greater risk of becoming injured prior to the start of the athletic season. The Functional Movement Screenâ ¢ (FMS) is a screening method that attempts to identify those individuals at risk of sustaining injuries by determining deficits in athletes' mobility and stability. This is an area of great conflict because athletic injuries result from many factors, not only in mobility and stability weaknesses. Therefore, it must first be determined whether deficient scores on the FMS are the result of the proposed weakness, or rather other potential risk factors. Functional Movement Screenâ ¢ scores were collected from 136 collegiate Division 1-A football players from three athletic programs. The scores were separated into one of three groups based upon the position played by each subject: (1) skill group, (2) combo group, and (3) line-of-scrimmage group. Data were also collected on each subject's height, weight, and relative body weight (BMI). The results of the ANOVA and Tukey HSD showed that there was a significant difference p < 0.05 between the line-of-scrimmage group and the skill group, as well as between the line-of-scrimmage group and the combo group. No significant difference was demonstrated between the combo group and the skill group. The results of the Pearson Correlation demonstrated a significant negative relationship p < 0.05 between the height of an athlete and the score received on the FMS. Significant negative relationships p < 0.01 were shown between the weight of an athlete and the score received on the FMS, as well as the relative body weight (BMI) and the athletes' score on the FMS. The results suggest that the score an athlete receives on the FMS may not reflect mobility and stability deficiencies because other factors affect the outcome of the scores. Therefore, at the present time, the FMS may not be a reliable tool by itself for identifying athletes who are at a greater risk of sustaining non-contact types of injuries.
Ph. D.

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Hawkins, Richard D. "Injuries in professional football : identification of aetiological factors." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7520.

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UK health and safety legislation aims to protect employees from injury at work; professional footballers as employees are therefore covered by this legislation. A risk assessment approach to health and safety issues, as required by the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992, has been undertaken to establish the epidemiological and aetiological factors related to injuries in professional football and to identify management and training procedures to reduce the incidence and severity of injuries. Issues of injury frequency and causation during the period 1994 to 1997 were addressed through two routes. First, during the 1994 World Cup Finals, 1996 European Championships, and 1994 to 1997 English league seasons via match analysis. Second, player injuries at four professional football league clubs were recorded by the club physiotherapist. These results provided complementary evidence showing an overall injury rate of 8.5/1000 playing hours, injury rates during training and matches being 3.5/1000 and 27.7/1000 playing hours, respectively. Two thirds of the injuries occurred during competitive match play, the remainder during training, the highest incidences of match and training injuries taking place during the first month of the playing season (P

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Celebrini, Richard G. "The application of a movement strategy in decreasing biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/35587.

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Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury remains one of the most common and debilitating knee injuries in sport. Neuromuscular training programs show promise in improving biomechanical risk factors but we do not know which aspects of these programs are effective. There is a need to investigate the effect of specific movement strategies in reducing biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury. Purpose: 1) To evaluate the reproducibility of biomechanical variables at the knee during three soccer-specific tasks (Chapter 2). 2) To determine the feasibility of implementing a novel movement strategy (Core-PAC) into a soccer team warm-up (Chapter 3). 3) To determine whether the Core-PAC would improve biomechanical variables during the three tasks after immediate instruction and after a four-week training program (Chapter 3). 4) To conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare a Core-PAC trained group to a control group for biomechanical variables during the three tasks after a six-week training program (Chapter 4). Methods: Design: A test-retest design was used for the reliability study (Chapter 2). A single group pretest-posttest design was used for the feasibility study (Chapter 3). An RCT was used in Chapter 4. Subjects: A cohort of female soccer players (n = 10) participated in the reliability study (Chapter 2) and the feasibility study (Chapter 3). A different cohort of female soccer players participated in the RCT (n = 20) (Chapter 4). Results: Chapter 2: Adequate reproducibility (flexion angles (ICC=0.88-0.95; SEM=1.0-1.9°); abduction moments (ICC=0.62-0.84; SEM=0.1-0.5 Nm/kg) were demonstrated during the three tasks. Chapter 3: Feasibility of implementing the Core-PAC into a soccer warm-up was demonstrated. After immediate instruction, there were significant increases in peak flexion angles (3.5-6.4°) and decreases in abduction moments (0.17-0.27 Nm/kg) during the three tasks. After the training program, some individuals showed improvement. Chapter 4: The Core-PAC group improved (P < 0.05) flexion angles during the side-hop task (6.2°) after training and during the side-cut (8.5°) and side-hop (10°) tasks after reminding them to use the Core-PAC. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the Core-PAC may be one method of modifying high-risk movements to reduce the risk of ACL injury.

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Driscoll, Erin M. "Health Care for Rural High School Athletes: Injury Rates, Risk Factors, and Implications: A Preliminary Analysis." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187377942.

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Alexander, Claire M. "Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Examination of the Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury and Apolipoprotein E." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1610371643413149.

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Kohler, Evan Robert. "Development of Markerless Motion Capture Methods to Measure Risk Factors for ACL Injury in Female Athletes." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338344185.

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Nuby, Sona. "Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients who underwent cardiac surgery : a retrospective review." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79322.

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Background: Acute kidney injury occurs in one out of ten cardiac surgery patients. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury not only increases patients’ mortality rate but the length of stay in intensive care unit and hospital. Cardiac surgery patients’ long- term risk for chronic kidney disease and heart failure increases with the incidence of acute kidney injury. Various preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors are associated with the development of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. The identified risk factors were categorized into modifiable, partially modifiable and non-modifiable risks. The frequency of acute kidney injury among cardiac surgery patients was also assessed. Research design: The researcher chose a quantitative correlational retrospective design and conducted a retrospective chart review to assess the risk factors associated with AKI in patients that had undergone cardiac surgery. Methods: Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select the records of patients that underwent cardiac surgery between January 2014 and December 2018. Data collection was done using a self-developed audit tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Significance: The study enabled the researcher to identify and categorize the risk factors into modifiable, partially modifiable and non-modifiable categories. Early recognition and mitigation of risk factors could prevent patients from developing cardiac surgery- associated acute kidney injury. Research findings: The study found a 22.7% frequency of CSA-AKI. Anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglycaemia, use of N-acetylcysteine and fluid overload were identified as modifiable risk factors. Bicarbonate level <22mmol/L, use of diuretics, use of antibiotics, longer duration of surgery, fresh frozen plasma use >500ml on the day of surgery, red blood cell transfusion >1L on the day of surgery and prolonged use of mechanical ventilation were partially modifiable risk factors. No non-modifiable risk factors were identified. Keywords: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury; risk factors; modifiable, partially modifiable and non-modifiable.
Dissertation (MCur (Critical Care Nursing))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Nursing Science
MCur (Critical Care Nursing)
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47

Waterworth, Sally. "Hamstring flexibility : measurement, stretching and injury susceptibility." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40275.

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ix Flexibility has traditionally been considered an important component of human physical fitness but this conjecture lacks supporting empirical evidence. While there is extensive published research examining the relative importance of flexibility and the impact of various methods of stretching on levels of flexibility, performance and injury risk, the quality of studies has varied considerably, reliability and validity of methodology has not always been proven, and rationale has at times been questionable. Additionally, much literature has focused on static flexibility which is not necessarily related to properties of the musculotendinous unit and thus dynamic flexibility. This thesis was designed to fill gaps in the existing literature by using accepted methods to establish relative and absolute reliability of hamstring flexibility tests, consider the comparability of static and dynamic components of the global concept of flexibility and explore how dynamic flexibility and performance are influenced by fatiguing exercise and subsequent static stretching. The first aim was realised by a repeated measures study designed to establish the intraday and interday, intrarater reliability and measurement error of static and dynamic measures of hamstring flexibility. Significant relative reliability for measures of static and dynamic hamstring flexibility was demonstrated via intraclass correlation coefficient (3,1) but limits of agreement analysis indicated there was a degree of absolute measurement error that must be interpreted in relation to analytical goals. The second aim required evaluation of relationships shared by static and dynamic measures of hamstring flexibility. Significant relationships between the different static flexibility tests were established but the extent of unexplained variance indicated that only measurements from the same tests should be directly compared to each other. Relationships between different measures of dynamic flexibility and static flexibility varied from non-significant to moderately strong, suggesting that measures of static and dynamic flexibility are not identical and results should not be interchanged between the two types of tests. Due to a lack of explanatory empirical evidence, the final chapter aimed via a prospective randomised repeated measures study to investigate the impact of fatigue and post-exercise static stretching on measures of dynamic flexibility and performance. Fatigue resulted in no significant changes to passive or active dynamic flexibility measures but a significant worsening of static flexibility levels and perceived stiffness. Post-exercise stretch resulted in significantly increased passive and active energy absorption immediately and 18 hours post-exercise and in significantly reduced joint position sense immediately post-exercise. Effect sizes were small so the clinical meaningfulness of performing post-exercise static stretching is questionable, particularly if performed in place of other, potentially more beneficial practices.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
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Engström, Karin. "Social differences in injury risk in childhood and youth : exploring the roles of structural and triggering factors /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-482-8/.

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Nshimiyimana, J. Bosco. "The epidemiology of, and risk factors to soccer related injuries among male high school student soccer players in Kigali, Rwanda." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5291.

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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)
Soccer is the most popular sport in the world with 270 million active soccer players. Among all sports, soccer causes many injuries in high school players. Soccer injuries are due to the influence of intrinsic risk factors like age, the immature musculoskeletal system, previous injuries, overuse injuries, inadequate rehabilitation, aerobic fitness, body size, limb dominance, flexibility, muscle strength, muscle imbalance and reaction time, level of competition, skill level and extrinsic risk factors like use of protective equipment, playing surface and shoes type. Information on soccer injuries can help in preparing proper preventing programs in high schools. Despite the importance in providing enough information, no study has been done on soccer related injuries in Rwandan high schools. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of, and risk factors to soccer related injuries among male high school student soccer players in Kigali, Rwanda. A cross-sectional retrospective quantitative study design using quantitative method is used. Among 30 high schools identified in Kigali only 12 had male soccer teams. All 12 teams participated in this study with 336 soccer players. A self-administered questionnaire using closed-ended questions was used. SPSS software program 19.0 version was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Inferential statistics such as cross-tabulations were used to test for significant risk factors contributing to injuries. Chi-square test was used to test for significant relationship between risk factors and injuries at level of significance p-value<0.05. Permission and ethical clearance was requested from Senate Research Grant and Study Leave Committee (UWC) and the Ministry of Education. Informed consent were signed by participants and the parents of those who were under 18 years. Participation was voluntary and participants could withdraw from the study at any time. The injury prevalence was high during matches (77.5%) compared to training (32.5%).The ankle was the most affected joint (26.6%). Defenders were the most affected players (22.6%). The majority of injuries were the result of collision (24.2%). The majority of participants did not perform warming-up and cooling-down exercise during training (71.2%) and during matches (56.3%). Most of participants did not wear protective equipment (61.6%). Of those who did, only 7% wore it always. A significant number of injuries occurred because no protective equipment was worn. Only 33.7% soccer players received professional injury management. Of the 33.7% that received professional management, only 39% were medically cleared to return to play. The results of the study confirm that many Rwandan high school soccer players sustain more injuries during match sessions. The poor performance of warm-up and cooling-down, starting age, surface condition and not using protective equipment are significant risk factors for injury in male soccer players in high school. The study highlighted the need to start prevention efforts at club level in order to curtail the high injury prevalence at provincial and national levels.

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Berglund, Anita. "On associations between different factors and whiplash injury : epidemiological studies on risk of initial and future complaints /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-121-7/.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Injury risk factors'

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