Journal articles: 'Injury incidence'

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Phillips, L. H. "Sports injury incidence." British Journal of Sports Medicine 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.2.133.

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Vosseller, J. Turner, John W. Karl, and Justin K. Greisberg. "Incidence of Syndesmotic Injury." Orthopedics 37, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): e226-e229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20140225-53.

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O'Connor, J. S., K. Hines, and C. A. Warner. "Flexibility and Injury Incidence 376." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 28, Supplement (May 1996): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199605001-00376.

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Davis, S. E., L. J. Romaine, K. Casebolt, and K. Harrison. "INCIDENCE OF INJURY IN KICKBOXING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (May 2002): S257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-01438.

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BOYD, AMY HANCOCK, and DARRELL RADSON. "STATISTICAL INJURY INCIDENCE RATE COMPARISONS." IIE Transactions 25, no. 6 (November 1993): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408179308964327.

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Craddock, Nicole Leigh, Theresa Burgess, and Kim Buchholtz. "Does a greater training load increase the risk of injury and illness in ultramarathon runners? : A prospective, descriptive, longitudinal design." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8559.

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Background: Ultramarathon running has become extremely popular over the years. Despite the numerous health benefits of running, there are also many negative effects of running, such as increased risk of musculoskeletal injury and illness. Monitoring of an athlete’s training load has become extremely important in terms of injury prevention. Currently, the relationship between training loads and injury and illness incidence is uncertain. Objectives: To determine if there are any associations between injury and illness incidences and training loads among ultramarathon runners in the 12 week period preceding an ultramarathon event and the four week period after the event. Methods: This prospective, descriptive, longitudinal study design was conducted in 119 runners who were training for the 2019 Two Oceans ultramarathon event. Data were collected once a week via an online logbook over 16 weeks. Training parameters measured included weekly average running distance, average duration, average frequency and average sessional RPE. Injury data included injury counts, the structure injured, the main anatomical location and the time-loss as a result of injury. Illness data included illness counts, the main illness-related symptoms and the time-loss as a result of illness. Results: The overall injury incidence was five per 1000 training hours and the overall illness incidence was 16 per 1000 training days. There was a significant relationship between external training load and injury and illness incidence for those who ran less than 30 km per week. There was also a significant relationship between the ACWR (Acute Chronic Workload Ratio) and injury incidence when the ACWR was >1.5 and for illness incidence when the ACWR was <0.5. Conclusion: The use of both absolute and relative workloads in the monitoring of an athlete’s training load with the aim of minimising injury and illness risk and maximising performance in ultramarathon runners is recommended.

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Bansal, M. L., Rajesh Sharawat, Rajat Mahajan, Hitesh Dawar, Bibhudendu Mohapatra, Kalidutta Das, and Harvinder Singh Chhabra. "Spinal Injury in Indian Children: Review of 204 Cases." Global Spine Journal 10, no. 8 (November 18, 2019): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219887155.

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Study design: Retrospective study. Objective: The purpose of the study was to analyze the epidemiological parameters and associated factors after spinal cord injury (SCI) in children, in the last 14 years admitted at a tertiary care center (Indian Spinal Injury Centre [ISIC], New Delhi, India). Method: The demographic and injury-related data was analyzed descriptively. The incidence, type, and level of injury were compared across the age groups using a χ2 test. Wherever appropriate, Fisher exact test was used. Results: There were 1660 pediatric trauma cases admitted at ISIC from 2002 to 2015, where 204 cases presented with spine injuries. The average age of children sustaining spine injury was 15.69 years (3-18 years of range). There were 15 patients in the age group 0 to 9 years, 27 patients in the age group 10 to 14 years, and 162 patients in the age group 15 to 18 years. This difference in spine injury incidence among the age groups was statistically significant. Fall from height was a common mode of injury. In our sample, boys were 3 times more likely to be injured than girls. Burst fractures were common among the type of injuries. Conclusion: Our study confirms the predominance of cervical spine injury and the high incidence of multilevel contiguous with a lesser percentage of noncontiguous multilevel spinal involvement. SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality) incidences were in a similar context to the literature available. There was a very low incidence of death. Neurological improvement was seen in 8 operated cases and 4 conservatively treated cases.

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Tayyab, Tahmasub Faraz, Abdul Wali Khan, Syeda Rabia Rahat Geelani, Muhammad Adnan Akram, Ammara Anwar, and Zeeshan Aslam Jan. "Incidence of Peripheral Nerve Injury Incidence among Patients Suffering from Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221631001.

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Objective: To assess the peripheral nerve injury incidence among patients suffering from oral and maxillofacial trauma. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. Sample was of 187 patients, and data was collected using non- probability, Consecutive sampling technique. Results: The findings showed that the age range of 10% patients was between 10-20years, age range of 40% patients was between 21-30years, age range of 32% patients was between 31-40years, and age range of 18% patients was >40years. The mean value of age of total sample was 31.21 ± 7.01. Males were 86% and females were 14% of entire sample. Trigeminal nerve injury was found in 35% patients whereas facial nerve injury was found in 16% patients. Conclusion: The study concludes that the peripheral nerve injury incidence was 35% (trigeminal nerve injury) of oral trauma while in maxillofacial trauma (facial nerve injury) 16% in our setup. Keywords: peripheral nerve injury, trigeminal nerve injury, facial nerve injury

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Mehrab, Mirwais, Robert-Jan de Vos, Gerald A. Kraan, and Nina M. C. Mathijssen. "Injury Incidence and Patterns Among Dutch CrossFit Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 232596711774526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117745263.

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Background: CrossFit is a strength and conditioning program that has gained widespread recognition, with 11,000 affiliated gyms worldwide. The incidence of injuries during CrossFit training is poorly analyzed. Purpose: To investigate the incidence of injuries for persons participating in CrossFit. Risk factors for injury and injury mechanisms were also explored through athlete demographics and characteristics. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A questionnaire that focused on injury incidence in CrossFit in the past year and included data on athlete demographics and characteristics was distributed to all 130 CrossFit gyms in the Netherlands and was also available online in active Facebook groups. Data were collected from July 2015 to January 2016. Inclusion criteria consisted of age ≥18 years and training at a registered CrossFit gym in the Netherlands. A total of 553 participants completed the survey. Univariable and multivariable generalized linear mixed models were used to identify potential risk factors for injury. Results: A total of 449 participants met the inclusion criteria. Of all respondents, 252 athletes (56.1%) sustained an injury in the preceding 12 months. The most injured body parts were the shoulder (n = 87, 28.7%), lower back (n = 48, 15.8%), and knee (n = 25, 8.3%). The duration of participation in CrossFit significantly affected the injury incidence rates (<6 months vs ≥24 months; odds ratio, 3.687 [95% CI, 2.091-6.502]; P < .001). The majority of injuries were caused by overuse (n = 148, 58.7%). Conclusion: The injury incidence for athletes participating in CrossFit was 56.1%. The most frequent injury locations were the shoulder, lower back, and knee. A short duration of participation (<6 months) was significantly associated with an increased risk for injury.

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Pujol, Nicolas, Marie Philippe Rousseaux Blanchi, and Pierre Chambat. "The Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries among Competitive Alpine Skiers." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 7 (July 2007): 1070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507301083.

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Background Little is known about the evolution of anterior cruciate ligament injury rates among elite alpine skiers. Purpose To evaluate epidemiologic aspects of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among competitive alpine skiers during the last 25 years. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Data were collected from elite French national teams (379 athletes: 188 women and 191 men) from 1980 to 2005. Results Fifty-three of the female skiers (28.2%) and 52 of the male skiers (27.2%) sustained at least 1 anterior cruciate ligament injury. The overall anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence was 8.5 per 100 skier-seasons. The primary anterior cruciate ligament injury rate was 5.7 per 100 skier-seasons. The prevalence of reinjury (same knee) was 19%. The prevalence of a bilateral injury (injury of the other knee) was 30.5%. At least 1 additional anterior cruciate ligament surgery (mean, 2.4 procedures) was required for 39% of the injured athletes. Men and women were similar with regard to primary anterior cruciate ligament injury rate (P = .21), career remaining after the injury (P = .44), and skiing specialty (P = .5). There were more anterior cruciate ligament injuries (primary, bilateral, reinjuries) among athletes ranking in the world Top 30 (P < .001). Anterior cruciate ligament-injured athletes had a career length of 7.5 years, whereas athletes with no anterior cruciate ligament injury had a career of 4.5 years (P < .001). Finally, injury rates remained constant over time. Conclusion Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates (primary injury, bilateral injury, reinjury) among national competitive alpine skiers are high and have not declined in the last 25 years. Finding a way to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury in this population is a very important goal.

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Cryer, C. "Developing valid indicators of injury incidence for "all injury"." Injury Prevention 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2006.011635.

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Wilmot, Conal B., D. Nathan Cope, Karyl M. Hall, and Mary Acker. "Occult head injury: Its incidence in spinal cord injury." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 66, no. 4 (April 1985): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(85)90148-0.

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Anderson, Travis, Erin B. Wasserman, and Sandra J. Shultz. "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk by Season Period and Competition Segment: An Analysis of National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Data." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-501-17.

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Context Although fatigue has been implicated in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, few researchers have examined the timing of injury across a competitive sport season or within a competitive session to gain insight into the potential effects of fatigue on the incidence of ACL injury. Objective To identify the time segments across a competitive season or within an individual competition associated with the greatest ACL injury incidence. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program for 2004–2005 through 2015–2016 for basketball, lacrosse, and soccer were analyzed. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) compared ACL injury rates by sport, sex, season segment, and competition period. Poisson regression was used to examine the associations between each of these categories and the incidence of ACL injury as well as interaction effects. Results During the early regular season, the incidence rate was elevated relative to the preseason (IRR = 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27, 2.74), middle regular season (IRR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.15), late regular season (IRR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.27), and postseason (IRR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.06, 4.56). A sport-by-season interaction indicated this effect was largely attributable to a higher incidence in the early season among lacrosse athletes. An interaction between season segment and competition period (P = .02) revealed a greater injury incidence before halftime in the early regular season (IRR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.76), but a greater incidence after halftime in the late regular season (IRR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.15, 5.02). Fewer noncontact injuries occurred in soccer than in basketball or lacrosse. Conclusions The ACL injury incidence was higher in the early part of the regular season, particularly among lacrosse athletes. Although the injury incidences before and after halftime were similar, further analyses of player time and time of injury within each half are necessary. Coaches and practitioners should be cognizant of the elevated injury incidence during the early season among lacrosse athletes. Future authors should consider more specific analyses to further elucidate the potential role of fatigue development in exacerbating the incidence of ACL injury in collegiate athletes both within games and across the season.

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Ekstrand, J., M. Hagglund, and M. Walden. "Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: the UEFA injury study." British Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 7 (June 23, 2009): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.060582.

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Lindenfeld, Thomas N., David J. Schmitt, Mary Pat Hendy, Robert E. Mangine, and Frank R. Noyes. "Incidence of Injury in Indoor Soccer." American Journal of Sports Medicine 22, no. 3 (May 1994): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354659402200312.

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Iwagami, Masao, Hidekazu Moriya, Eisei Noiri, Kent Doi, Sumi Hidaka, Takayasu Ohtake, and Shuzo Kobayashi. "SP187SEASONALITY OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY INCIDENCE." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 32, suppl_3 (May 1, 2017): iii166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx143.

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Balazs, LCDR George C., CPT Alaina M. Brelin, CPT Jared A. Wolfe, CAPT David J. Keblish, and CDR John-Paul H. Rue. "Variation in injury incidence rate reporting." Current Orthopaedic Practice 26, no. 4 (2015): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bco.0000000000000246.

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SQUIER, M., and J. W. KEELING. "The incidence of prenatal brain injury." Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 17, no. 1 (February 1991): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2990.1991.tb00691.x.

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ROMAINE, LINDA J., SHALA E. DAVIS, KEVIN CASEBOLT, and KELLY A. HARRISON. "Incidence of Injury in Kickboxing Participation." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 17, no. 3 (August 2003): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200308000-00026.

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Romaine, Linda J., Shala E. Davis, Kevin Casebolt, and Kelly A. Harrison. "Incidence of Injury in Kickboxing Participation." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 17, no. 3 (2003): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0580:ioiikp>2.0.co;2.

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Surkin, Joseph, Melissa Smith, Alan Penman, Mary Currier, H. Louis Harkey, and Yue-Fang Chang. "Spinal Cord Injury Incidence in Mississippi." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 45, no. 3 (September 1998): 502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199809000-00012.

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Ojofeitimi, S., S. Bronner, and H. Woo. "Injury incidence in hip hop dance." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 22, no. 3 (August 30, 2010): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01173.x.

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Bryson, Betty L., Mark Mulkey, Bill Mumford, Michelle Schwedhelm, and Kathrya Warren. "CERVICAL SPINE INJURY, INCIDENCE AND DIAGNOSIS." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 26, no. 7 (July 1986): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-198607000-00022.

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Chen, Gang, Tianfu Yang, Weili Fu, Xin Tang, Qi Li, Jian Li, and Jian Li. "Incidence of posterior cruciate ligament injury." Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology 9 (July 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asmart.2017.05.187.

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Bolling, C., M. Leite, and D. Reis. "JUNIOR GYMNASTIC: INCIDENCE AND INJURY PROFILE." British Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 7 (March 11, 2014): 571.2–571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.31.

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Murphy, John C., Edwenia O’Malley, Conor Gissane, and Catherine Blake. "Incidence of Injury in Gaelic Football." American Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 9 (August 9, 2012): 2113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546512455315.

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Worth, Sonya, Duncan Reid, and Sharon Henry. "INJURY INCIDENCE IN CROSS-COUNTRY SKIERS." British Journal of Sports Medicine 51, no. 4 (February 2017): 411.2–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.322.

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Berecki-Gisolf, Janneke, Peter M. Smith, Alex Collie, and Roderick J. McClure. "Gender differences in occupational injury incidence." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 58, no. 3 (January 14, 2015): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22414.

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Cropper, Emma, Cari Thorpe, Simon Roberts, and Craig Twist. "Injury Surveillance during a European Touch Rugby Championship." Sports 7, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7030071.

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Background: Touch (rugby/football) is a minimal contact sport for which the type and incidence of injuries remains unknown in Europe. Objectives: To establish the incidence, severity and nature of injuries sustained during a four-day European Touch Championship competition. Methods: A prospective cohort design was adopted to record match-related injuries during the European Touch Championships 2016. Injuries were collected from five countries and classified using the Orchard Sports Injury Classification (OSICS-10). Data were combined from all participating countries and injury incidence was recorded as number of injuries/1000 player hours. Results: A total of 135 injuries were recorded during the tournament with injury incidence calculated as 103.5 injuries per 1000 player match hours. Injuries were mainly recorded as transient (76%) occurring most frequently in the lower limb (69%). Injuries occurred more frequently on successive days, with exception to the final day of the tournament. The number of injuries was not different between the first and second half of matches and there was no relationship between the day of the tournament and the half of the match that injury occurred. Conclusion: Match injury incidence was 103.5 injuries per 100 player match hours. The most injured site was that of the lower limb, with the most common injury type reported as muscle/tendon injury. It is postulated that fatigue plays a role in injury incidence during a multiday tournament.

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Ohm, Eyvind, Kristin Holvik, Christian Madsen, Kari Alver, and Johan Lund. "Incidence of injuries in Norway: linking primary and secondary care data." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 3 (April 11, 2019): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819838906.

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Aims: Most studies of injury incidence underestimate the total burden of injury, as they do not include injuries treated in primary care. The aim of this study was to measure the total incidence of medically treated injuries in Norway. We further investigated the epidemiology of injuries treated in primary and secondary care. Methods: We collected individual-level data on injury diagnoses from the Norwegian Patient Registry and the national registry dataset for reimbursement of primary care providers for the period 2009–2014, and estimated the annual incidence of patients registered with an injury diagnosis in either or both of these registries. We also converted ICD-10 codes in secondary care into ICPC-2 codes to compare the types of injuries treated in primary and secondary care. Results: The annual incidence of medically treated injuries in Norway was 125 patients per 1000 inhabitants. Fifty-five per cent of injured patients received treatment exclusively in primary care. We observed stable time trends over the six-year period. Incidence rates were higher in primary care for the youngest children and in middle adulthood, but were higher in secondary care for older people. Overall, injury incidence was higher for men, but women became more injury prone with age. We only observed this gender reversal in secondary care. With the exception of fractures, all injury types were predominantly treated in primary care. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of injured patients in Norway are treated exclusively in primary care. The demographic profile of these patients differs from those treated in secondary care.

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Martin-Diener, Eva, Simon Foster, Meichun Mohler-Kuo, and Brian W. Martin. "Physical Activity, Sensation Seeking, and Aggression as Injury Risk Factors in Young Swiss Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 10 (October 2016): 1049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0602.

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Background:This study investigates the relationships between physical activity (PA), sports participation and sensation seeking or aggression and injury risk in young men.Methods:A representative cohort study was conducted with 4686 conscripts for the Swiss army. Risk factors assessed at baseline were PA, the frequency of sports participation, sensation seeking, and aggression. The number of injuries during the past 12 months was reported 16 months after baseline. Exposure to moderate-tovigorous physical activity (MVPA) was estimated based on baseline PA.Results:Among conscripts, 48.5% reported at least 1 injury for the past 12 months. After accounting for exposure to MVPA, the most inactive individuals (reference group) had the highest injury risk and those with high levels of PA and weekly sports participation the lowest (Poisson regression analysis: incidence rate ratio = 0.14 [0.12–0.16]). Independent of activity level, sensation seeking increased cumulative injury incidence significantly (Logistic regression analysis [injured vs. not injured]: odds ratio = 1.29 [1.02–1.63]) and incidence rates marginally. Aggression was marginally associated only with cumulative injury incidence and only in those participating in daily sports.Conclusions:When accounting for exposure to PA, being inactive is a strong injury risk factor in young men, whereas the roles of the personality variables are less clear.

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Monroe, K., M. Nichols, and W. King. "377 INJURY PREVENTION AWARENESS IN A HIGH INJURY INCIDENCE AREA." Journal of Investigative Medicine 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): S320.3—S320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6650.2005.00006.376.

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Chen, Hong-Lin, Ji-Yu Cai, Lin Du, Hong-Wu Shen, Hai-Rong Yu, Yi-Ping Song, and Man-Li Zha. "Incidence of Pressure Injury in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing 47, no. 3 (2020): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/won.0000000000000633.

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Watson, Wendy L., and Joan Ozanne-Smith. "Injury surveillance in Victoria, Australia: developing comprehensive injury incidence estimates." Accident Analysis & Prevention 32, no. 2 (March 2000): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(99)00121-9.

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Harper, Alexandra E., Lauren Terhorst, Natalie Leland, and David Brienza. "Pressure Injury Incidence Across Care Settings Following Spinal Cord Injury." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 99, no. 10 (October 2018): e108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.07.387.

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Shanley, Ellen, Mitchell J. Rauh, Lori A. Michener, and Todd S. Ellenbecker. "Incidence of Injuries in High School Softball and Baseball Players." Journal of Athletic Training 46, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.6.648.

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Context: Participation in high school sports has grown 16.1% over the last decade, but few studies have compared the overall injury risks in girls' softball and boys' baseball. Objective: To examine the incidence of injury in high school softball and baseball players. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Greenville, South Carolina, high schools. Patients or Other Participants: Softball and baseball players (n = 247) from 11 high schools. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates, locations, types; initial or subsequent injury; practice or game setting; positions played; seasonal trends. Results: The overall incidence injury rate was 4.5/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), with more injuries overall in softball players (5.6/1000 AEs) than in baseball players (4.0/1000 AEs). Baseball players had a higher initial injury rate (75.9/1000 AEs) than softball players (66.4/1000 AEs): rate ratio (RR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4, 1.7. The initial injury rate was higher than the subsequent injury rate for the overall sample (P < .0001) and for softball (P < .0001) and baseball (P < .001) players. For both sports, the injury rate during games (4.6/1000 AEs) was similar to that during practices (4.1/1000 AEs), RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.7, 2.2. Softball players were more likely to be injured in a game than were baseball players (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.8, 4.3). Most injuries (77%) were mild (3.5/1000 AEs). The upper extremity accounted for the highest proportion of injuries (63.3%). The incidence of injury for pitchers was 37.3% and for position players was 15.3%. The rate of injury was highest during the first month of the season (7.96/1000 AEs). Conclusions: The incidence of injury was low for both softball and baseball. Most injuries were minor and affected the upper extremity. The injury rates were highest in the first month of the season, so prevention strategies should be focused on minimizing injuries and monitoring players early in the season.

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Yarnell, K., G. Starbuck, A. Riley, and A. Woodhead. "Injury incidence and locomotor behaviours in polocrosse ponies." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190021.

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There is currently limited information available regarding the physical demands of polocrosse and no information on the specific veterinary problems faced by polocrosse ponies in the United Kingdom. Polocrosse requires the ponies that compete to perform rapid acceleration, sharp turns and sudden halts. The study aim was to explore the injury incidence and type of injury, between the three positions played by polocrosse ponies. Injuries that resulted in withdrawal of a pony during outdoor tournaments in the UK over the 2015 and 2016 seasons were recorded. In addition, GPS data and locomotor behaviours were recorded during winter league tournaments in 2017 and compared between the different position ponies. Ponies that played in the defence position were significantly more likely to become injured (P<0.001) with lameness being the most common cause for withdrawal (P<0.001). Ponies playing in the attack position achieved the fastest speeds and covered the furthest distance. Defence ponies performed significantly more abrupt halts (P=0.007), walk to gallop transitions (P=0.017) and sudden changes in direction (P=0.01) than midfield ponies and more of each manoeuvre than attack ponies, although this was not significant. It is important that the physical demands placed upon polocrosse ponies are investigated further; this will allow identification of injury risk factors, inform training programmes and improve the performance and welfare of the horses involved.

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Platt, Brooks N., Timothy L. Uhl, Aaron D. Sciascia, Anthony J. Zacharias, Nicole G. Lemaster, and Austin V. Stone. "Injury Rates in Major League Baseball During the 2020 COVID-19 Season." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 232596712199964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121999646.

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Background: The 2020 Major League Baseball (MLB) season was drastically altered because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The changes included an extended layoff between March and July as well as a shortened preseason. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine the incidence and epidemiology of MLB injuries in the abbreviated 2020 season compared with prior seasons. We hypothesized that there was an increase in the overall injury rate in the 2020 season compared with the 2018-2019 seasons and that it equally affected all body regions. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The MLB transactions database was queried to find players who had been placed on the injury list between 2018 and 2020. Injuries were categorized into upper extremity, lower extremity, spine/core, and other injuries. Incidence per 1000 athlete-exposures was calculated for the prior 2 seasons (2018-2019) and for the 2020 season separately. Incidence for each category was also calculated separately for pitchers and fielders. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and confidence intervals were used to compare injury rates in 2018-2019 versus 2020. The z test for proportions was used to determine significant differences between injury incidences. Results: In 2020, the overall incidence rate per 1000 athlete-exposures was almost twice the rate compared with the 2 seasons before COVID-19 (8.66 vs 5.13; IRR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.53-1.87]; P < .001). Injury incidence increased similarly in 2020 for both pitchers (IRR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.47-1.91]; P < .001) and fielders (IRR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.45-1.96]; P < .001). Increases in injury incidence were seen in the upper extremity, spine/core, and other injury categories; however, the incidence of the lower extremity did not change significantly. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in injury incidence for both pitchers and fielders in 2020. Injury rates increased in anatomic zones of the upper extremity and spine/core but were not significantly changed in the lower extremity. The overall increase in injury rate suggests that irregular or insufficient sport-specific preparation prior to the start of the season placed athletes at a greater risk of injury when play resumed.

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Ma, Ji Zheng, Shu Fang Cui, Fei Hu, Qiu Ju Lu, and Wei Li. "Incidence and Characteristics of Meniscal Injuries in Cadets at a Military School, 2013–2015." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.10.11.

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Context: Meniscal injury is common among military service members. Objective: To examine the incidence and characteristics of meniscal injuries in cadets at a single military institution between 2013 and 2015. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Meniscal-injury data were collected at the Center of Rehabilitation Training, the People's Liberation Army University of Science and Technology. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 2479 cadets participating in physical activities between 2013 and 2015. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates, injury proportions by body mass index, risk ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The overall incidence rate was 10.08 (95% CI = 6.84, 14.84) per 1000 person-years. A multiple-comparisons test revealed differences in the relative injury rate in overweight or obese cadets versus normal-weight cadets and underweight cadets (χ2 = 8.98, P = .01). No differences were found between injured normal-weight cadets and underweight cadets (P = .66, RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.32, 6.06) or between injured overweight or obese cadets and injured underweight cadets (P = .24, RR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.09, 1.91). The absolute injury rate was higher for overweight and obese cadets compared with normal-weight cadets (P < .01, RR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.69). The overall proportional distribution for patterns of injury was 2:1 (medial to lateral) for meniscal injuries. Grade 2 injuries were the most common. Conclusions: The high frequency and level of severity of meniscal injuries may negatively affect the readiness and health of cadets. High body mass index was a risk factor for meniscal injury.

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Fünten, Karen aus der, Oliver Faude, Jochen Lensch, and Tim Meyer. "Injury Characteristics in the German Professional Male Soccer Leagues After a Shortened Winter Break." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.51.

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Context: The winter break in the top 2 German professional soccer leagues was shortened from 6.5 to 3.5 weeks in the 2009–2010 season. Objective: To investigate whether this change affected injury characteristics by comparing the second half of the 2008–2009 (long winter break) with the equivalent period in the 2009–2010 season (short winter break). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: German male professional soccer leagues. Patients or Other Participants: Seven professional German male soccer teams (184 players in the 2008–2009 season, 188 players in the 2009–2010 season). Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury incidences and injury characteristics (cause of injury, location, severity, type, diagnosis), including their monthly distribution, were recorded. Results: A total of 300 time-loss injuries (2008–2009 n = 151, 2009–2010 n = 149) occurred. The overall injury incidence per 1000 soccer hours was 5.90 (95% confidence interval = 5.03, 6.82) in 2008–2009 and 6.55 (5.58, 7.69) in 2009–2010. Match injuries per 1000 hours were 31.5 (25.0, 38.0) in the first season and 26.5 (20.2, 32.7) in the second season; the corresponding training values were 2.67 (2.08–3.44) and 3.98 (3.19–4.95), respectively. The training injury incidence (incidence rate ratio = 1.49 [95% confidence interval = 1.07, 2.08], P = .02) and the risk of sustaining a knee injury (incidence rate ratio = 1.66 [1.00, 2.76], P = .049) were higher in 2009–2010 after the short winter break; the incidence of moderate and severe injuries (time loss >7 days) trended higher (incidence rate ratio = 1.34 [0.96, 1.86], P = .09). Conclusions: Shortening the winter break from 6.5 to 3.5 weeks did not change the overall injury incidence; however, a higher number of training, knee, and possibly more severe injuries (time loss >7 days) occurred.

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Goodman, Avi D., Steven F. DeFroda, Joseph A. Gil, Justin E. Kleiner, Neill Y. Li, and Brett D. Owens. "Season-Ending Shoulder Injuries in the National Collegiate Athletic Association: Data From the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program, 2009-2010 Through 2013-2014." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 8 (May 23, 2018): 1936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518773062.

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Background: Examination of the incidence of shoulder season-ending injury (SEI) in the collegiate athlete population is limited. Purpose: To determine the incidence of shoulder SEI in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and to investigate the risk factors for a shoulder injury ending an athlete’s season. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: All shoulder injuries from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program database for the years 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 were extracted, and SEI status was noted. The incidences of SEI and non-SEI were calculated for athlete, activity, and injury characteristics and compared via univariable analysis and risk ratios to determine risk factors for an injury being season ending. Results: Shoulder injuries were season ending in 4.3% of cases. The overall incidence of shoulder SEI was 0.31 per 10,000 athlete exposures (AEs), as opposed to 7.25 per 10,000 AEs for all shoulder injuries. Shoulder instability constituted 49.1% of SEI, with an incidence of 0.15 per 10,000 AEs, while fractures had the highest rate of being season ending (41.9%). Men’s wrestling had the highest incidence of shoulder SEI (1.65 per 10,000 AEs), while men’s soccer had the highest proportion of shoulder injuries that ended a season (14.6%). Overall, men had a 6.3-fold higher incidence of SEI than women and a 2.4-fold increased likelihood that an injury would be season ending. Conclusion: Injury to the shoulder of an NCAA athlete, while somewhat infrequent, can have significant implications on time lost from play. Incidence of these injuries varies widely by sport and injury, with a number of associated risk factors. Athletes sustaining potentially season-ending shoulder injuries, with their coaches and medical providers, may benefit from these data to best manage expectations and outcomes.

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Ruiz-Pérez, Iñaki, Alejandro López-Valenciano, Alejandro Jiménez-Loaisa, Jose L. L. Elvira, Mark De Ste Croix, and Francisco Ayala. "Injury incidence, characteristics and burden among female sub-elite futsal players: a prospective study with three-year follow-up." PeerJ 7 (November 5, 2019): e7989. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7989.

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The main purpose of the current study was to analyze the injury incidence, characteristics and burden among sub-elite female futsal players. Individual exposure to match play and training, injury incidence and characteristics (player position, injury mechanism, type of injuries, severity of injuries, recurrent vs. new injuries, season variation of injury pattern) in a female futsal team were prospectively recorded for three consecutive seasons (2015–2018). Incidences were calculated per 1,000 h of exposure. A total of 30 injuries were reported during the three seasons within a total exposure of 4,446.1 h. The overall, match and training incidence of injuries were 6.7, 6.4 and 6.8 injuries/1,000 h of exposure, respectively. Most injuries had a non-contact mechanism (93%), with the lower extremity being the most frequently injured anatomical region (5.62 injuries/1,000 h of exposure). The most common type of injury was muscle/tendon (4.9 injuries/1,000 h of exposure) followed by joint (non-bone) and ligament (1.3 injuries/1,000 h of exposure). The injuries with the highest injury burden were those that occurred at the knee (31.9 days loss/1,000 h exposure), followed by quadriceps (15.3 day loss/1,000 h) and hamstring (14.4 day loss/1,000 h) strains. The first few weeks of competition after pre-season and soon after the Christmas break were the time points when most injuries occurred. These data indicate that sub-elite female futsal players are exposed to a substantial risk of sustaining an injury. To reduce overall injury burden, efforts should be directed toward the design, implementation and assessment of preventative measures that target the most common diagnoses, namely, muscle/tendon and ligament injuries.

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Seil, Romain, Stefan Rupp, Siegbert Tempelhof, and Dieter Kohn. "Sports Injuries in Team Handball." American Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 5 (September 1998): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260051401.

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One hundred eighty-six players of 16 teams in 2 male team handball senior divisions were observed prospectively for 1 season to study the injury incidence in relation to exposure in games and practices. Ninety-one injuries were recorded. Injury incidence was evaluated at 2.5 injuries per 1000 player-hours, with a significantly higher incidence in game injuries (14.3 injuries per 1000 game-hours) compared with practice injuries (0.6 injuries per 1000 practice-hours). Practice injury incidence was higher in the lower performance level group, and game injury incidence was higher in the high-level group. The upper extremity was involved in 37% of the injuries, and the lower extremity in 54%. The knee was the most commonly injured joint, followed by the finger, ankle, and shoulder. Knee injuries were the most severe injuries, and they were more frequent in high-level players. There was an increase in the severity of injury with respect to performance level. The injury mechanism revealed a high number of offensive injuries, one-third of them occurring during a counterattack. The injury pattern showed certain variations with respect to player position and performance level. Prophylactic equipment was used by a majority of players at the higher performance level.

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Raya-González, Javier, Mark de Ste Croix, Paul Read, and Daniel Castillo. "A Longitudinal Investigation of Muscle Injuries in an Elite Spanish Male Academy Soccer Club: A Hamstring Injuries Approach." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051610.

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The aims of this study were to analyze the muscle injury incidence in an elite Spanish soccer academy during three consecutive seasons attending to different chronological age groups (i.e., U14, U16, U19 and senior) and to examine the hamstring injury incidence in this elite soccer academy. Elite male youth soccer players (227) participated in this study. A total of 207 time-loss injuries (i.e., injuries that involve at least one absence day) were observed during this study period. The overall incidence rate of muscle injury was 1.74 muscle injuries/1000 h. In addition, higher muscle injury incidence was observed during match play in comparison to training sessions (6.78 vs. 3.20 muscle injuries/1000 h, p < 0.05). The oldest age group presented the highest injury rate (2.73 muscle injuries/1000 h, p < 0.05), with the burden (i.e., number of absence days per 1000 h of exposure) peak values recorded in the U16 age group (26.45 absence days/1000 h). In addition, muscle tears accounted for the greatest percentage of muscle injuries (43.5%), and the most frequent anatomical site of injury was the hamstring (30.4%). Muscle tear was the most common type of hamstring injury (49.2%), with the biceps femoris the most commonly injured muscle of the hamstring complex (39.7%). Fullbacks (FB), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (F) suffered a greater number of hamstring injuries. Hamstring injury incidence showed a seasonal variation, as indicated by peaks in August and October. Specifically, the highest injury incidence was observed in the final part of each period during match play. These results reinforce the necessity to implement individual preventive strategies according to each specific injury profile across the youth soccer development phase.

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Swedler, David I., Jamie M. Nuwer, Anna Nazarov, Samantha C. Huo, and Lev Malevanchik. "Incidence and Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries to College Ultimate Players." Journal of Athletic Training 50, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.73.

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Context The burden of injuries to college ultimate players has never been fully described. Objective To quantify the injury rate in ultimate players and describe the diagnoses, anatomic locations, and mechanisms of injuries. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting College ultimate teams in the United States during the 2012 season. Main Outcome Measure(s) Initial injury rate per 1000 athlete-exposures. Results The initial injury rate in college ultimate players was 12.64 per 1000 athlete-exposures; the rate did not differ between men and women (P = .5). Bivariate analysis indicated that injuries occurred twice as often during games as during practices, men were more likely than women to be injured when laying out for the disc, and men were more likely to incur strains and sprains than women. Conclusions Injury patterns to college ultimate players were similar to those for athletes in other National Collegiate Athletic Association sports. This is the first study to systematically describe injuries to ultimate players.

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Schwellnus, Martin P., Esme Jordaan, Charl Janse van Rensburg, Helen Bayne, Wayne Derman, Clint Readhead, Rob Collins, Alan Kourie, Jason Suter, and Org Strauss. "Match injury incidence during the Super Rugby tournament is high: a prospective cohort study over five seasons involving 93 641 player-hours." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 10 (June 29, 2018): 620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099105.

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ObjectivesTo determine the incidence and nature of injuries in the Super Rugby tournament over a 5-year period.Methods482 male professional rugby union players from six South African teams participating in the Super Rugby tournament were studied (1020 player-seasons). Medical staff of participating teams (2012–2016 tournaments) recorded all time loss injuries (total injuries and match injuries) and exposure hours (93 641 total playing hours; 8032 match hours). Injury incidence, injured player proportion, severity (time lost), anatomical location, tissue type and activity/phase during which injury occurred are reported.ResultsThe overall incidence of match injuries (per 1000 player-hours; 95% CI) for each year was as follows: 2012 (83.3; 69.4–99.2); 2013 (115.1; 98.7–133.5); 2014 (95.9; 80.8–113.1), 2015 (112.3; 96.6–129.9) and 2016 (93.2; 79.9–107.9). The injured player proportion for each year was as follows: 2012 (54.6%); 2013 (49.4%); 2014 (52.0%); 2015 (50.0%); and 2016 (39.8%). The thigh, knee, head/face and shoulder/clavicle are the most frequently injured locations, and muscle/tendon and joint/ligament injuries account for the majority of injuries. Most injuries (79%) occur in contact situations, in particular during a tackle (54%).ConclusionThe incidence of match injuries and the injured player proportion in South African teams competing in the Super Rugby tournament is high. Match injury incidence is consistently higher than previously reported for senior male rugby players at elite/professional level. Targeted risk management strategies are therefore needed in the Super Rugby tournament to manage risk of injury.

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Dovbysh, Timofei, Duncan Reid, and Dayle Shackel. "Injury incidence within male elite New Zealand cricket from the early T20 era: 2009–2015." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 4 (November 2021): e001168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001168.

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the injury epidemiology of domestic and international level male New Zealand cricketers from seasons 2009–2010 to 2014–2015 across all match formats given the increasing popularity of T20 cricket.MethodsMatch exposure and injury surveillance data collected prospectively by New Zealand Cricket was analysed using international consensus recommendations for injury surveillance and reporting in cricket. Relationships between playing level, role and injury were statistically analysed.ResultsA total of 268 elite male New Zealand cricketers from seasons 2009–2010 to 2014–2015 were analysed from the New Zealand Cricket injury surveillance system. Total new match injury incidence rates were 37.0 and 58.0 injuries per 10 000 player hours in domestic and international cricket, respectively. Total new and recurrent match injury incidence in international cricket was approximately 1.7 times higher than domestic cricket (277.6 vs 162.8 injuries per 1000 player days). Injury prevalence rates were 7.6% and 10.0% in domestic and international cricket. The hamstring (8.2%) in domestic cricket and the groin (13.5%) in international cricket were the most injured body sites. Most match days lost in domestic cricket were to the lumbar spine (417 days), and groin in international cricket (152 days). There were statistically significant differences in injury between domestic and international level cricketers (χ2=4.39, p=0.036), and playing role (χ2=42.29, p<0.0001).ConclusionsTotal injury incidence rates in elite New Zealand cricket increased in 2009–2015 compared with previous data. International-level players and pace bowlers were the most injured individuals.

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Holly, Langston T., Daniel F. Kelly, George J. Counelis, Thane Blinman, David L. McArthur, and H. Gill Cryer. "Cervical spine trauma associated with moderate and severe head injury: incidence, risk factors, and injury characteristics." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 96, no. 3 (April 2002): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.96.3.0285.

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Object. Diagnosing and managing cervical spine trauma in head-injured patients is problematic due to an altered level of consciousness in such individuals. The reported incidence of cervical spine trauma in head-injured patients has generally ranged from 4 to 8%. In this retrospective study the authors sought to define the incidence of cervical injury in association with moderate or severe brain injury, emphasizing the identification of high-risk patients. Methods. The study included 447 consecutive moderately (209 cases) or severely (238 cases) head injured patients who underwent evaluation at two Level 1 trauma centers over a 40-month period. Of the 447 patients, 24 (5.4%) suffered a cervical spine injury (17 men and seven women; mean age 39 years; median Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score of 6, range 3–14). Of these 24 patients, 14 (58.3%) sustained spinal cord injuries (SCIs), 14 sustained injuries in the occiput—C3 region, and 10 underwent a stabilization procedure. Of the 14 patients with SCIs, nine experienced an early hypotensive and/or hypoxic insult. Regarding the mechanism of injury, cervical injuries occurred in 21 (8.2%) of 256 patients involved in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), either as passengers or pedestrians, compared with three (1.6%) of 191 patients with non-MVA-associated trauma (p < 0.01). In the subset of 131 MVA passengers, 13 (9.9%) sustained cervical injuries. Patients with an initial GCS score less than or equal to 8 were more likely to sustain a cervical injury than those with a score higher than 8 (odds ratio [OR] 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–7.73) and were more likely to sustain a cervical SCI (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.22–24.85). At 6 months or more postinjury, functional neurological recovery had occurred in nine patients (37.5%) and eight (33.3%) had died. Conclusions. Head-injured patients sustaining MVA-related trauma and those with an initial GCS score less than or equal to 8 are at highest risk for concomitant cervical spine injury. A disproportionate number of these patients sustain high cervical injuries, the majority of which are mechanically unstable and involve an SCI. The development of safer and more rapid means of determining cervical spine integrity should remain a high priority in the care of head-injured patients.

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Ammons, J., K. Monroe, M. H. Nichols, W. D. King, V. E. Gorshin, and L. Beisher. "271 INJURY PREVENTION AND AWARENESS IN A HIGH-INJURY INCIDENCE AREA." Journal of Investigative Medicine 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): S304.5—S304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6650.2005.x0008.270.

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Khadka, Yagya, Rajesh B. Lakhey, and Dinesh Kafle. "Multilevel Spinal Injury: Incidence, Distribution and Neurological Patterns." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 42, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiom.v42i2.37546.

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Introduction Fractures and dislocation of spine are serious injuries that most commonly occur in young people. Spinal injury at more than one level is not uncommon. Awareness of multilevel injury of the spine and associated neurological patterns is important for the proper initial management of the patient. MethodsThis was a prospective observational study carried out in Department of Orthopedics, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal from February 2012 to September 2013. Sixty cases of age group between 18 to 63 years of traumatic spinal injury were enrolled. Patients were examined clinically and radiographically. ResultsOut of 60 patients, multilevel spinal injury occurred in 26 (43.3%) patients; 10 (16.67%) had contiguous spinal injury and 16 (26.67%) had non-contiguous spinal injury. There were 5 type A pattern spinal injury. Contiguous spinal injury most commonly occurred at level L1/L2 (n=4, 40%) and most had Frankel grade E neurology (n=6, 60%) followed by Frankel grade D (n=2, 20%). Non-contiguous lesions most commonly occurred at thoracic spine and had Frankel grade E neurology in most cases (n=10, 16.67%) followed by grade B and C (n= 2, 2.33% each). ConclusionMultiple spinal injury was a common pattern of injury, which occurred in 26 (43.3%) patients out of 60 patients enrolled in our study. Multilevel spinal injury is common. We should be aware about its occurrence. We should evaluate for multilevel spinal injuries, so as not to miss them, especialy non-contiguous injuries, in the patients presenting with spinal injury.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Injury incidence'

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