Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Injury illness'
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Rose, Susan S. "Catastrophic injury and illness in the elderly." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289909.
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This study examined characteristics of elderly veterans who had suffered disability subsequent to catastrophic injury or illness, identified variables common to those who maintained rehabilitative gains, and developed a theoretical model that may be useful for description and explanation of the experience. The results of six preliminary studies laid the foundation for the theoretical model contained in the study. The Geriatric Rehabilitation Intervention Program (GRIP) was developed from themes gathered from a grounded theory study of elders who had recently suffered catastrophic disability. Targeted toward assisting elders with the transition to the community after discharge from geriatric rehabilitation, GRIP includes components of Adjusting to Disability, Coping with Loss, Life after Rehabilitation, and Maintaining Motivation. Those patients that participated in GRIP had significantly greater improvement in functional status, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and self-efficacy. Qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated to form latent variables to reflect the nature of the experience from the perspective of the patient. The latent variable model demonstrated appropriate fit with this data set; however a confirmatory study is needed. Predictors of rehabilitative gain are desired by stakeholders in an effort to maximize rehabilitative programs and control health care costs. The confidence with which patients were able to manage the symptoms secondary to their catastrophic injury or illness was identified as a predictor of functional gain. This area provides a target for which to aim nursing interventions. In addition, the ability to plan for survival and information gained from the GRIP program were identified as predictors of increased general health one month after discharge to the community. This study explored client, intervention, and context characteristics of catastrophic disability in the elderly. Personal and social factors not yet identified in the literature were examined for their influence on rehabilitative outcomes and a theoretical model was developed. Further research is needed to refine and test the model.
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Cameron, Nancy G. "Health, Safety, and Immediate Response to Illness and Injury." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7074.
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Dewar, Anne Louise. "Bearing illness and injury : limiting the boundaries of suffering." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36528/6/36528_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Mahdu, Omchand. "Penalties for Foodborne Illness: Jury Decisions and Awards in Foodborne Illness Lawsuits." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54935.
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This study examined how case attributes impact plaintiff success and payouts in jury settled foodborne illness (FBI) lawsuits. Given the risk to firms in terms of potentially large payouts, future litigation, and lost reputation, the results may provide economic incentives for food firms and others in the supply chain to produce safer and better quality foods. Legal databases were systematically searched to identify cases of FBI, which were resolved through the U.S. court system. Reviewing the outcomes of 511 FBI jury trials between 1979 and 2014, plaintiffs won 34.8% of cases, and received a median award of $32,264. The Heckman two-step estimation procedure was used to examine the effects of various factors on plaintiff success rates and subsequent amounts awarded. Plaintiff chances of victory increased if lawsuits involved a child, foodborne pathogen was identified and pain and suffering was claimed, and decreased if defendants used of one or more expert witnesses or had 'deep pockets'. Cases involving a child, chronic complications, or defendants with 'deep pockets' resulted in higher awards. Corporate and policy implications of these findings are considered.Master of Science
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Hugo, Daniel. "Psychological correlates of injury, illness and performance in Ironman triathletes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26543.
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Background: The association of psychological factors with athletic performance and proneness to injury and illness has been widely recognised as an integral part of athletic preparation, treatment and rehabilitation. The exact nature of this association is still not clear, but it can be hypothesised that better mental health leads to better performance, less injuries and illness and more rapid recovery. Psychological distress is a strong predictor of injury, illness and poor performance, but inherent personality traits have failed to show a constant association with these parameters. Advances in validated psychometric instruments of personality and resilience show promise in their application to further the understanding of the psyche in athletes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of personality traits (novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence), resilience and general psychological distress in terms of injury, illness and performance in a group of triathletes competing in the 2007 lronman Triathlon. Methods: For this descriptive cross-sectional study, 166 entrants in the 2007 lronman Triathlon were recruited. Each subject completed a detailed, previously validated set of questionnaires during registration prior to the event. Contained in the questionnaire were sections on general demographic information, detailed previous and current medical conditions and injuries, and psychometric instruments (TPQ - a measure of personality, CD-RISC - a measure of resilience, K10). After the event, the official overall finishing times, as well as the split times for the swimming, cycling and running legs, were obtained from the race organisers. Results: Higher NS and RD scores were predictors for faster predicted performance times and higher psychological distress scores was a predictor for slower actual times (r=0.160, P=0.053) and particularly predicted slower cycling times (r=0.026, P=0.002). Higher K10 scores significantly predicted the presence of flu-like symptoms (P=0.019) and higher HA scores significantly predicted nervous system symptoms during exercise (P=0.035). Higher RD scores predicted the absence of nervous system symptoms (P=0.075). Higher K10 scores (P=0.093) and HA scores (P=0.070) were associated with medication use prior to and during the event. Higher resilience scores predicted the occurrence of exercise associated collapse (P=0.081) and absence of EAMC (P=0.075). Higher HA scores predicted GIT symptoms during exercise (P=0.091 ). Higher reward dependence predicted the presence of tendon / ligament injuries (P=0.039) and genital injuries were associated with lower resilience (P=0.098) and higher HA scores (P=0.065). Conclusion: Generally, the results showed only a few consistent findings in terms of identifying predictors, although interesting correlations and trends were observed. Studies on different athletic populations and on a larger scale are needed. Physicians should be aware of the cardinal importance of mental well-being, as this is as vital in the preventative and curative management of the injured, ill or poor performing athlete as optimal physical conditioning.
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Dutton, Marie Helen 1951. "SPINAL CORD INJURY - THE PATIENT'S VIEW (ETHNOGRAPHY, CHRONIC ILLNESS, IMMOBILITY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291546.
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Waft, Yvonne Louise. "Post-traumatic growth in people disabled by traumatic illness or injury." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485915.
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This thesis 'is about a phenomenon known as posttraumatic growth. This term refers to the way some people are able to grow psychologically through their experiences of trauma and its aftermath. The major theoretical model in the field is based on cognitive coping models emerging out ofthe field ofresearch and treatment ofposttraumatic stress disorder (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 2004a). This model fails to explain how posttraumatic growth is in any way different from coping and wellbeing, but asserts that there is a qualitative difference. There have been calls for more qualitative research, especially research°focusing on the narrative processes oiDvolved in posttraumatic ~wth. : I have used Grounded Theory to analyse the narrative accounts of six people disabled by traumatic accidents or illnesses who believe that they have experienced posttraumatic growth. This is a self selected group, targeted because they would have something to say about the phenomenon in question. My own position as a person disabled by trauma who has grown psychologically from this experience was an important consideration in how this research took shape. The analysis was very complex due to the rich and diverse data provided by the participants. The key themes to emerge were 'putting the trauma in its place', 'extemalising problems', 'reconstructing identity' and 'making meaning'. The model ofposttraumatic growth which emerged was strikingly similar to models ofNarrative Therapy (e.g. Monk, Winslade, Crocket & Epston (1997)) often used in family therapy and increasingly used in individual psychotherapy. The analysis reflects and further develops themes arising in the existing literature, bringing together a number ofaspects of existing theory. A narrative model of posttraumatic growth offers a potential therapeutic model to help people struggling after trauma and t~ facilitate future growth. This model needs to be elaborated in further research, particularly by including negative case analyses, and the potential for Narrative Therapy as a treatment for trauma survivors remains to be tested.
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Karlsson, David. "Electronic Data Capture for Injury and Illness Surveillance : A usability study." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102737.
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Despite the development of injury surveillance systems for use at large multi sportsevents (Junge 2008), their implementation is still methodologically and practicallychallenging. Edouard (2013) and Engebretsen (2013) have pointed out that thecontext of athletics championships feature unique constraints, such as a limiteddata-collection window and large amounts of data to be recorded and rapidlyvalidated. To manage these logistical issues, Electronic Data Capture (EDC) methodshave been proposed (Bjorneboe 2009, Alonso 2012, Edouard 2013). EDC systemshave successfully been used for surveillance during multi-sport events Derman et al(2013) and its potential for surveillance studies during athletics championships istherefore interesting. The focus for surveillance during athletics championships hasthis far been on injury and illness data collected from team medical staff in directassociation to the competitions. But the most common injury and illness problems inathletics are overuse syndromes (Alonso 2009, Edouard 2012, Jacobsson 2013) andknowledge of risk factors associated to these problems is also relevant in associationto championships. A desirable next step to extend the surveillance routines istherefore to include also pre-participation risk factors. For surveillance of overusesyndromes, online systems for athlete self-report of data on pain and othersymptoms have been reported superior to reports from coaches (Shiff 2010). EDCsystems have also been applied for athlete self-report of exposure and injury data inathletics and other individual sports and have been found to be well accepted with agood efficiency (Jacobsson 2013, Clarsen 2013). There are thus reasons forinvestigating EDC system use by both athletes and team medical staff during athleticchampionships.This thesis used a cross-sectional design to collect qualitative data from athletes andteam medical staff using interviews and “think-aloud” usability evaluation methods(Ericsson 1993; Kuusela 2000). It was performed over 3 days during the 2013European Athletics Indoor Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. Online EDCsystems for collection of data from athletes and team medical staff, respectively,were prepared for the study. The system for use by team medical staff was intendedto collect data on injuries and illnesses sustained during the championship and thesystem for athletes to collect data on risk factors.This study does not provide a solution in how an EDC effort should be implementedduring athletics championships. It does however points towards usability factorsthat needs to be taken into consideration if taking such an approach.
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Pike, Elizabeth C. J. "Illness, injury and sporting identity : a case study of women's rowing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7029.
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The purpose of this project was to explore the injury experiences of female amateur British rowers located within a symbolic interactionist framework. The study intended to ascertain the major injury-risk factors and inform future practice. This follows the logic of previous researchers who have identified a culture of risk in sporting subcultures (Nixon, 1992) and have presented evidence of injuries related to participation in rowing (Bernstein, 1995; Edgar, 1999). A typology is presented identifying the key risk factors in rowing. A questionnaire was administered to rowers during the 1997 regatta season. The themes identified from this questionnaire were explored further through a period of participant observation in two rowing clubs, and semi-structured interviews conducted with members of both clubs and their coaches. The findings identified that it jury should be considered as part of a broader experience of illness in sport. The participants in the study had limited recognition of their vulnerability to illness and injury as a result of their involvement in rowing. The major risk factors appeared to be the high level of commitment expected of the rowers, pressures from significant others within the subculture (in particular the coaches), and inadequate medical support for amateur athletes. Illness and injury are considered to be embodied and emotional experiences, affecting the athlete's body project (Shilling, 1993). The stigma of such fatal flaws (Goffman, 1969; Sparkes, 1996) has the potential to disrupt the individual's sense of self as athlete andlor as female, which occasionally led to compensatory behaviour. It is suggested that coaching practice needs to be more humanistic than performanceoriented Furthermore, non-orthodox, complementary health care is recommended to offer women a more supportive environment for taking control of their own medical practice. Finally, it is believed that there is a need for greater dialogue between sociologists of sport and other sport scientists and medical professionals in order to develop a more holistic approach to working with sports participants.
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Baba, Sachin Ramanlali. "Psychological correlates of performance, injury and illness in Two Oceans Ultramarathon athletes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12703.
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Includes bibliographical references.Background: It is well accepted that psychological factors play an important role in athletic performance, illness and injury. Yet, few studies have investigated the effects of psychological factors on performance, illness and injury in endurance athletes. While general psychological traits of athletes and the non-athletic population has been described in the past, the specific relationship between psychological factors and their effects on performance in ultra-marathon athletes has not been fully described. Further, unlike their influence in the general population, the influence these psychological factors may have on the onset of injury and illnesses in an athletics population is not as well known. The availability of psychometric instruments that have shown potential when applied specifically to athletic population is promising for application in this area of research. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between the psychological factors (personality traits, resilience and general psychological distress scores) and athletic performance and susceptibility to injuries and illnesses prior to the race in a cohort of ultra-marathon runners participating in the 2009 Two Oceans 56 km road ultra-marathon.
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Cross, Matthew. "Epidemiology and risk factors for injury and illness in male professional Rugby Union." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687386.
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This thesis investigates the epidemiology and risk factors for injury in professional Rugby Union with a view to informing injury reduction strategies. Over the last decade, concussion has rapidly become the principal player welfare issue faced by collision sports. Chapter 3 highlights the high and rising incidence of concussion in the professional game and suggests some possible reasons for the changing landscape regarding the reporting of concussion in professional Rugby Union. Given this high incidence, the findings from this study reinforce the importance of further understanding concerning the safe return to play following concussion. Therefore, chapter 4 explores the short and medium term clinical outcomes and return to play of players following a concussion. Players who reported a concussion had a 60% increase in injury risk following return to play when compared with players who did not sustain a concussion. Additionally, 38% of players reported a recurrence of symptoms or failed to match their baseline neurocognitive test score during the return to play protocol. Together, these findings highlight the need to explore an alternative (either a more conservative or different rehabilitation model) return to play pathway. Another prominent player welfare issue in elite Rugby Union is the management of match and training load. Chapter 5 of this thesis was the first study to investigate the training load-injury relationship in professional Rugby Union. Players had an increased risk of injury if they had high one-week cumulative or large week-to-week changes in load. Furthermore, a ‘U-shaped’ relationship was observed for four-week cumulative loads, with an apparent increase in risk associated with lower/higher loads and intermediate loads appeared beneficial in reducing injury risk in this setting. Finally, it has been suggested that the impact of illness on an athlete’s ability to participate can be as significant as that of injury. Chapter 6 provides the first study to investigate the epidemiology of time-loss illness in English professional Rugby Union. Although the burden of illness is significantly less than injury, the high severity and seasonal clustering of illness in this cohort clearly highlights the need for the continued surveillance of illness in this setting. Despite rugby being a collision sport with a primary focus on conditioning and performance, this research programme clearly highlights the potential for modifying existing practice in order to reduce injury risk. Conversely, injuries such as concussion are difficult to prevent without substantial law change, making the practical recommendations put forward in this thesis with reference to possible improvements in the management of players following concussion vital to consider.
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Baker, Frank W. Jr. "Mental Toughness: Effect on Factors Associated with Injury and Illness in Adolescent Athletes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407271208.
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Tyler, Carmen M. "How the Illness Experience Predicts Key Psychosocial Outcomes in Veterans with Brain Injury." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1494576111782556.
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Grief, Anna Louise. "Illness representations, psychological distress and dyadic adjustment of partners of acquired brain injury survivors." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436705.
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Kunorozva, Lovemore. "PERIOD3 variable number tandem repeat genotype associations with performance, injury, illness and re-entrainment." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22812.
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Background: Circadian rhythms are internally driven biological variations that fluctuate with a period of approximately 24 hours, even in the absence of external environmental time cues. These rhythms enable organisms to synchronise their internal clock time with external environmental time. This ensures appropriate timing of biological and metabolic processes, and allows anticipation of daily changes in the environment. Circadian rhythms also play an important role in sports in terms of optimising performance time-of-day and aiding adjustment to global time zone changes. Thus, performance, which is under the control of the athlete, may be impacted by event time-of-day scheduling in the new time zone. It has previously been shown that individual sport athletes in South Africa tend to be morning-types and carry the PERIOD3 (PER3) Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) 5-repeat allele, which has been associated with a preference for mornings. The distribution of the PER3 VNTR polymorphism in combination with an individual's preference for mornings or evenings has not yet been described in team sports. Differences in the PER3 VNTR genotype between team and individual sport athletes are expected, given that individual sport athletes may be free to choose the time-of-day at which they train. In contrast, team sport athletes usually train in groups, thus these individuals may not have the flexibility to choose their preferred training times. There are notable inter-individual differences in adjustment to jet-lag after time zone changes. A possible genetic candidate that may be responsible for some of this variation is the PER3 VNTR gene. This gene consist of two alleles corresponding in size to 4-repeats (PER34) or 5-repeats (PER35). Individuals are either homozygous for the 4-repeat allele (PER⁴⁄⁴) or the 5-repeat allele (PER3⁵⁄⁵), while others are heterozygous for the PER3 gene (PER34/5). The PER3 VNTR genotype might explain individual sensitivity to bright light and has been reported to be associated with sleep pressure- an increase in the brain's pressure and need for sleep, following an extended period of awakening. Individuals homozygous for the longer variant of the gene (i.e. PER3⁵⁄⁵) experience a higher sleep pressure during extended wakefulness. The PER3⁵⁄⁵ genotype has been reported to be more sensitive to the alerting and melatonin suppression effects of blue enriched light than the PER⁴⁄⁴ genotype. Aims: Therefore, the aim of Study 1 was to compare the chronotype and PER3 VNTR genotype distribution of South African Super Rugby players to individuals of low physical activity (i.e. those who are physically active ≤2 times per week). The aim of Study 2 was to determine whether PER3 VNTR genotype might contribute to inter-individual variation in the extent to which game involvement and quality of play are affected following trans-meridian travel. Further, the aim of Study 3 was to compare the impact of time zone travel during the 2012 Super Rugby competition in South African players genotyped as PER⁴⁄⁴, PER34/5 and PER3⁵⁄⁵ on the incidence of illnesses and injuries. Lastly, the aim of Study 4 was to compare the extent to which individuals genotyped as PER⁴⁄⁴ or PER3⁵⁄⁵ respond to appropriately-timed blue light exposure in order to resynchronise their circadian rhythm, following simulated eastward travel, based on changes in dim-light melatonin onset and cortisol circadian phases.
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Mattis, Angela M. "The effects of different shifts on injury and illness rates at a manufacturing facility." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1516.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 48 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-45).
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Payne, J. I. "Socioeconomic status and illness- and injury-related absence from work, the labour market activity survey." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0012/NQ35279.pdf.
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Heggie, Travis Wade. "The epidemiology and etiology of visitor injuries in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3140.
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The U.S. National Park Service has recognized visitor health and safety as an important component of protected area management. Despite this recognition, research investigating visitor health and safety issues in national parks is lacking. In order to improve the understanding of the factors contributing to visitor injuries, the purpose of this study was to: 1) identify the distribution of injuries in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 2) examine the relationship between visitor factors and the severity of visitor injuries in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, 3) examine the relationship between environmental factors and the severity of visitor injuries in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, and 4) determine the effectiveness of sign placement and indirect supervision on controlling visitor injuries in the park. Data for this study consisted of 5,947 incident reports recorded in Hawaii Volcanoes between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2002. The results found that even though 26% of the injuries in the park occur in frontcountry regions, 53% of all visitor injuries took place at the Eruption Site. As well, 130 of the 268 (49%) fatalities occurred on roadway environments and 1,179 of the 1,698 (69%) severe injuries occurred at the Eruption Site. Logistic regression analysis used to examine the relationship between visitor factors and injury severity in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park found that female visitors, visitors wearing minimal footwear and clothing, and visitors carrying no flashlight and minimal drinking water are factors significantly associated with fatal injuries. Visitors wearing minimal footwear and clothing, visitors carrying no flashlight and minimal drinking water, visitors entering restricted areas, visitors with pre-existing health conditions, and visitors aged 50-59 years of age are factors significantly associated with severe injuries. Logistic regression analysis found no built environment factor to be significantly associated with visitor fatalities or severe injuries. However, darkness and rugged terrain were significantly associated with visitor fatalities. Chi-square tests of independence found the combined treatment of sign placement and indirect supervision to have no effect on reducing the frequency and severity of visitor injuries at the Eruption Site.
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PIGGOTT, Benjamin, and ben_piggott@yahoo com. "The relationship between training load and incidence of injury and illness over a pre-season at an Australian Football League Club." Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of Exercise, Biomedical & Health Science, 2008. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2008.0018.html.
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In any competitive sporting environment, it is crucial to a team's success to have the maximum number of their players free from injury and illness and available for selection in as many games as possible throughout the season. The training programme of the club, and therefore training load, can have an impact on the incidence of injury and illness amongst the players. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the training load and the incidence of injury and illness over an entire pre-season at an Australian Football League (AFL) club. Sixteen players were subjects; all full time professional male AFL players (mean + or - standard deviation; age 23.8 + or - 5.1 years; height 188.9 + or - 7.4 m; weight 90.9 + or - 9.2 kg). A longitudinal research design was employed, where training load, injury and illness were monitored over a 15 week pre-season and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were used to examine relationships.
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Stopforth, Louise. "Illness and injuries in athletes with visual impairment at the London 2012 Paralympic Games." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27396.
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Background: Participation in sport by athletes with impairment has grown and evolved rapidly since the inception of the Paralympic Games. Athletes with visual impairment were first included in the Paralympic Games in 1976. Surveillance of illnesses and injuries forms the first important step in determination of the epidemiology and an understanding of the risk factors for both illness and injuries in these populations. Thus, surveillance can therefore assist medical teams in implementing prevention strategies. Few studies have evaluated the incidence of illness and injuries amongst athletes with impairment. For this reason, a novel web based injury and illness surveillance system (WEBIISS) was developed for use by the team physicians at the London 2012 Paralympic Games. To our knowledge, no study has specifically researched the epidemiology of illness and injuries in athletes with visual impairment during a major sport event such as the Paralympic Games. Objective: To determine the incidence associated with illness and injuries in athletes with visual impairment during the London 2012 Paralympic Games. We further aim to describe any differences between sports, age groups, gender and body systems affected in this cohort of athletes. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a component of the large prospective cohort study on the epidemiology of injury and illness conducted over a 14-day period at the London 2012 Paralympic Games. The data from 711 of the 791 athletes with visual impairment who participated in the London 2012 Paralympic Games were analyzed. The following data sources were used: Firstly, de-identified information regarding age, gender, impairment, country code and sports code of athletes obtained from the International Paralympic Committee database. Secondly, information collected from the electronic medical data capture system (EMDCS) used at all the London Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) medical stations; and thirdly a novel web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS) used by the team physicians. This is the most comprehensive reporting system used in elite athletes with impairment to date. Data were collected on a daily basis from 3 days prior to the start of the Paralympic Games (pre-competition period) until the last day of the 11-day Paralympic Games (competition period). Definitions: In order to determine the nature and extent of illnesses and injuries as well to enable uniformity in research studies evaluating the data collected during the London 2012 Paralympic Games, the following definitions were implemented: Illness was defined as 'any newly acquired illness as well as exacerbation of pre-existing illness that occurred during training or competition, and during or immediately before the London 2012 Paralympic Games'. Injury was defined as 'any newly acquired injury as well as exacerbation of pre-existing injury that occurred during training and/or competition period of the London 2012 Paralympic Games'. Incidence rate (IR) of illness or injury is the number of illnesses or injuries per 1000 athlete days. Incidence proportion (IP) of illness or injury is the proportion of athletes affected by illness or injury (n/100). Results: Incidence rate of illness (IR 11.9; 95% CI 9.0 - 15.7) was similar to incidence rate of injuries (IR 14.5; 95% CI 11.3 - 18.5) in VI athletes. The IR of illness for VI athletes (IR 11.9; 95% CI 9.0 - 15.7) compared well to that of illness for all impairment groups (IR 12.7; 95% CI 10.2 - 16.0). Furthermore, the IR of injuries for VI athletes (IR 14.5; 95% CI 11.3 -18.5) compared well to that of injuries for al impairment groups (IR 12.6; 95% CI 10.3 - 15.4). Gender and age did not affect the risk of illness or injuries in VI athletes. Furthermore, there was a higher IR of illness for swimmers with visual impairment compared to other sports, but this was not statistically significant. The IR of illness for VI athletes participating in swimming was 12.5 (95% CI 8.8 - 17.8) compared to that of VI non-swimmers, IR 11.8 (95% CI 8.9 - 15.6). Participation in athletics (track and field) was associated with a slightly higher risk for injury for athletes with VI compared to other sports, but this was not statistically significant. The IR of injury was 15.8 (95% CI 11.6 - 21.5) and the IP 22.1 (95% CI 16.3 - 30.1) for VI track and field athletes. The IR of injury was 13.0 (95% CI 9.6 - 17.4) and IP 18.1 (95% CI 13.5 - 24.3) amongst VI athletes not participating in track and field athletics. VI swimmers had a lower IR of injury (IR 4.1; 95% CI 1.8 - 9.5) than VI non-swimmers (IR 16.1; 95% CI 12.6 - 20.7) (p=0.002). There was a higher IR and IP of lower limb injuries compared to upper limb injuries in athletes with visual impairment. The IR for lower limb injuries in athletes with visual impairment was 7.7 (95% CI 5.8 - 10.3) and the IP was 10.8 (95% CI 8.1 - 14.4). The average IR of lower limb injuries for all para-athletes was 4.5 (95% CI 3.5 - 5.7). The IR for upper limb injuries in athletes with visual impairment was 3.0 (95% CI 1.9 - 4.5) and the IP was 4.1 (95% CI 2.7 - 6.3). The average IR for upper limb injuries for all para-athletes was 4.5 (95% CI 3.5 - 5.9). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Paralympic athletes with VI had a similar incidence rate of illness and injury compared to other impairment groups; and IR of illness was similar to that of injuries. Risk of illness or injury was not affected by age group or gender, but rather sport specific differences were observed. Of particular interest was the fact that athletes with VI had a higher incidence rate of lower limb injuries than upper limb injuries.
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Piggott, Benjamin. "The relationship between training load and incidence of injury and illness over a pre-season at an Australian Football League Club." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/25.
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In any competitive sporting environment, it is crucial to a team's success to have the maximum number of their players free from injury and illness and available for selection in as many games as possible throughout the season. The training programme of the club, and therefore training load, can have an impact on the incidence of injury and illness amongst the players. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the training load and the incidence of injury and illness over an entire pre-season at an Australian Football League (AFL) club. Sixteen players were subjects; all full time professional male AFL players (mean + or - standard deviation; age 23.8 + or - 5.1 years; height 188.9 + or - 7.4 m; weight 90.9 + or - 9.2 kg). A longitudinal research design was employed, where training load, injury and illness were monitored over a 15 week pre-season and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were used to examine relationships.
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Richardson, Hayley. "Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder after injury and illness : its presentation and detection in medical settings." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397101.
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Ritchie, Donna Michelle. "Men's self-perceptions of masculinity in response to acquired illness or injury and subsequent changes in occupational roles." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Science, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10200.
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Hegemonic Masculinity informs every aspect of a man’s life regardless of whether they conform to the standards or reject them. Although masculinity informs occupational roles, it can also be seen as an occupation in its own right. Illnesses and injuries can challenge masculine status and result in loss of identity, as well as changing men’s abilities, transforming their occupational roles and providing a challenge to their self-perception of masculinity. There are significant gaps in the literature; particularly regarding the impact health status has on masculine perceptions within a New Zealand context and the idea of masculinity as an occupation. This study goes someway to address these gaps.
A qualitative descriptive methodology was employed to understand and describe the stories of 12 men living with the ongoing effects of illness or injury. A general inductive approach to content analysis was undertaken to identify the key themes. The study’s findings show illness and injury and the subsequent changes in occupational roles had a significant impact on participants’ masculine perceptions. Study participants experienced loss in many areas of their lives and described being occupied in recreating and renegotiating their masculinity in varying areas such as work, personal relationships and social activities.
Further research, conducted within a New Zealand context, will be invaluable in validating the current findings in this area. The application of this knowledge is an area requiring extensive exploration and research. There is significant scope for healthcare professionals to gain understanding of men’s relationship to, and their self-perceptions of, masculinity and to utilise and incorporate these findings into therapeutic settings, therefore gaining more valuable outcomes for their clients.
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Constantinou, Demitri. "Profiles of illness and injury among South African elite athletes with disability at the 2012 Summer Paralympic Games." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22788.
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Epidemiological data is important to better understand injury and illness patterns in para athletes. Medical teams used a web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS system) to all the para-athlete injuries and illnesses during the 2012 London Paralympic games. All team physicians could access the system at any time to log data, providing a vast database for potential research. The relative ease of data collection permits large amounts of data to be analysed, providing important surveillance data on injury and illness. Data on the South African para-athletes, provided by the team's Chief Medical Officer, were assessed and compared to all countries. This study aimed to describe the illness and injury profiles in South African elite paraathletes who participated in the 2012 Summer Paralympic Games; and compare these profiles to data from the other countries that participated. A retrospective sub-analysis of the data-set collected from a large prospective study of injury and illness at the London Summer Paralympic Games in 2012 was compared to data collected on all para-athletes from input by team physicians into the WEB-ISS system. In total, 62 South African para-athletes presented with 19 injuries, with an injury rate of 21.9 per 1000 athlete days. Twenty-five para-athletes presented illness, with an illness rate of 28.8 per 1000 athlete days. The overall injury and illness rate in the South African para-athletes was higher than the injury and illness rate in all para-athlete participants at the London Paralympic Games. The anatomical distribution of injuries (lower limbs, axial and upper limbs) and the nature of illness (respiratory, skin & subcutaneous and digestive systems) were however similar. Causative factors are not evident and need to be further studied. Increased efforts in injury and illness surveillance and preventative programmes should be employed to reduce the incidence of injury and illness, and their severity . Such efforts in para-athlete care should be ongoing with surveillance to monitor and manage trends to ensure the culmination of Paralympic competition does not result in high rates of injury and illness. Education of healthcare providers, para-athletes, coaches and others in the management of para-athletes, is key.
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Petrie, Trent. "The effects of life stress and social support on injury, illness and academic success in collegiate football players /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148775772399544.
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Collingwood, Lisa M. (Lisa Marie). "Performance of Psychiatric and Head Injury Patients on the General Neuropsychological Deficit Scales." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278771/.
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Reitan and Wolfson's General Neuropsychological Deficit Scale and Left and Right Neuropsychological Deficit Scales were applied to Halstead-Reitan test data of individuals with psychotic or substance abuse disorders with and without a head injury.
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Ellis, Rosemary Lynn. "A Feminist Qualitative Study of Female Self-Mutilation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33822.
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This study is an exploration of the ways that female self-mutilation has been medicalized in Western society and the consequences of this medicalization. The goal of this study is to provide an alternative approach to the way female self-mutilation is understoodâ one that views self-mutilation not as a symptom of individual psychopathology, but as an extreme response to a set of deeply embedded social expectations. Using the feminist constructionist model, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five women who have participated in various forms of self-injurious behavior.
Findings indicate that this behavior does indeed occur within a social contextâ one rooted in patriarchal ideologies. These ideologies also seemed to influence whether the women in this study, who had been medically treated for this behavior, perceived this form of intervention as a positive or negative experience.Master of Science
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Whittaker, Robert Mark. "The role of illness perceptions in persisting post-concussional syndrome in people who have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418943.
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Baker, Ruth. "The epidemiology of injuries among children and young people, and the impact of maternal mental illness on child injury risk." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41383/.
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Background: Preventing injuries among children and young people is a priority in England and worldwide; with injuries a leading cause of death, ill health and disability in children, and resulting in substantial costs to health services and society. Understanding the burden of injuries is important for health service planning and the prioritisation of preventative interventions to those at greatest risk. Despite this, estimating injury burden in England remains a challenge due to fragmented data collection systems and no national surveillance system. The recent linkage of a large primary care research database, the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), to hospitalisation and mortality data, offers a new opportunity to study the epidemiology of injuries and provide more complete estimates of injury incidence. Mental illnesses are the commonest morbidity women experience during pregnancy and the postnatal period, and are associated with several child health outcomes. The impact of maternal mental illnesses on the occurrence of childhood injuries is underexplored; with existing studies giving mixed findings, focusing upon depression alone and relying on maternal reporting of injury occurrences. Existing studies suggesting an association between maternal perinatal depression and childhood injuries have not considered the role of ongoing maternal depression after the postnatal period, and whether observed associations could be explained by biases in the reporting of injuries by mothers, or the recording of injuries by clinicians. Methods: Three large routinely-collected datasets from England, the CPRD, Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data, were used to conduct a series of studies. 1. The epidemiology of injuries among children and young people. A cohort of 1,928,681 individuals aged 0-24 years old from England who had linked CPRD, HES and ONS mortality data was used to describe the epidemiology of three common injuries (poisonings, fractures, burns). Time-based algorithms were developed to identify incident injury events, distinguishing between repeat records for the same injury, and those for a new event. Injury incidence rates and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were estimated by age, sex, calendar year and socioeconomic deprivation. The recording of injury mechanisms and intent were examined for the three data sources. 2. Maternal mental illnesses during pregnancy and the child’s first five years of life. A cohort of 207,048 mother-child pairs from England who had linked CPRD and HES data, with children born 1998-2013, was used to define episodes of maternal depression and/or anxiety (termed ‘depression/anxiety’) using diagnostic, prescription and hospitalisation records. Incidence rates of maternal depression/anxiety were described over the child’s first five years of life. 3. Maternal perinatal depression and injuries in children aged 0-4 years old. A cohort study of 207,048 mother-child pairs compared incidence rates and adjusted incidence rate ratios of child poisonings, fractures, and burns among children whose mothers had experienced perinatal depression with those who had not. To assess how the association between perinatal depression and child injury was affected by subsequent exposure to maternal depression, adjusted incidence rate ratios were compared for mothers whose depression continued beyond or recurred after the postnatal period, with mothers in whom it did not. Analyses were repeated for a group of serious injuries where injury ascertainment was more likely to be complete. 4. Association between episodes of maternal depression/anxiety and rates of child injuries. Two analyses, a traditional cohort analysis (a between person design) and a self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis (a within person design where individuals act as their own controls), were used to compare incidence rates of child injuries during episodes of maternal depression/anxiety with periods when mothers had no evidence of depression/anxiety in their medical record. These two methods were compared as they account for confounding by different means. Results: 1. The epidemiology of injuries among children and young people. For the period 2001-2011, incidence rates of poisonings, fractures and burns were 41.9 per 10,000 person-years (PY) (95%CI 41.3-42.5), 185.5 (95%CI 184.6-186.4) and 34.6 (95%CI 34.2-35.0), respectively among the cohort of 0-24 year olds. Of the injury events identified in linked CPRD-HES-ONS mortality data, 18,065 (51%) poisonings, 117,102 (75%) fractures, and 26,276 (91%) burns were only recorded in primary care data (CPRD). Injury mechanism and intent recording was high within hospitalisation and mortality data (80-100%), but low in primary care data (2-4% of burns and fractures). Age patterns of injury incidence varied by injury type, with peaks at age 2 (69.4/10,000 PY) and 18 (76.0/10,000 PY) for poisonings, age 13 for fractures (310.1/10,000 PY) and age 1 for burns (113.1/10,000 PY). Over time, fracture incidence rates increased, whereas poisoning rates increased only among 15-24 year olds and burns incidence reduced. Poisoning and burn incidence rates increased with deprivation, with the steepest socioeconomic gradient between most and least deprived quintiles for poisonings (aIRR 2.20, 95%CI 2.07-2.34). 2. Maternal mental illnesses during pregnancy and the child’s first five years of life. 4,210 (2.0%) mothers had antenatal depression, 20,486 (9.9%) had postnatal depression, and 7,413 (3.6%) had both. Between the child’s birth and fifth birthday, 54,702 (26.4%) children were exposed to one or more episode of maternal depression/anxiety, with incidence rates of maternal depression, depression with anxiety and anxiety alone 6.92/100 PY (95%CI 6.86-6.98), 1.30 (95%CI 1.27-1.33) and 1.83 (95%CI 1.80-1.86), respectively. 3. Maternal perinatal depression and injuries in children aged 0-4 years old. Among 207,048 children, 2,614 poisonings, 6,088 fractures and 4,201 burns occurred during follow-up. Children whose mothers had perinatal depression had higher injury rates than children who were unexposed, with associations strongest for poisonings. Compared to those unexposed, poisoning rates were 74% higher among children exposed to antenatal depression (aIRR 1.74, 95%CI 1.39-2.18), 55% higher for postnatal depression (aIRR 1.55, 95%CI 1.39-1.72) and 89% higher for children exposed to both (aIRR 1.89, 95%CI 1.61-2.23). Children also exposed to maternal depression when aged 1-4 years old tended to have higher poisoning, fracture and burn rates than children only exposed to perinatal depression. Significant associations persisted when analyses were restricted to serious fractures and burns. 4. Association between episodes of maternal depression/anxiety and rates of child injuries. In the traditional cohort analysis, child poisoning rates were increased during episodes of maternal depression (aIRR 1.52, 95%CI 1.31-1.76), depression with anxiety (aIRR 2.30, 95%CI 1.93-2.75) and anxiety alone (aIRR 1.63, 95%CI 1.09-2.43). Similarly, rates of burns (aIRR 1.53, 95%CI 1.29-1.81) and fractures (aIRR 1.24, 95%CI 1.06-1.44) were greatest during episodes of maternal depression with anxiety. No association was seen between maternal depression/anxiety and serious child injuries. The study populations for the SCCS analyses consisted of 2,502, 5,836, 4,051 and 909 children who had experienced a poisoning, fracture, burn or serious injury, respectively. For children who experienced a poisoning or burn, poisoning (aIRR 1.48, 95%CI 1.19-1.85) and burn (aIRR 1.29, 95%CI 1.07-1.55) rates were only increased during periods when the mother had depression compared to periods when the mother had no evidence of depression/anxiety in their medical record. No significant differences in fracture or serious injury rates were seen during depression/anxiety episodes compared to unexposed periods. Conclusion and implications: It is essential to use linked primary care, hospitalisation and mortality data to estimate injury burden, as many injury events are only captured within a single data source. Linked routinely-collected data may offer an affordable mechanism for injury surveillance; although is limited by poor recording of injury mechanism and intent within primary care data.Differing injury patterns according to age and injury type reflect differences in underlying injury mechanisms, highlighting the importance of tailored preventative interventions across the life course. Inequalities in injury occurrences support the targeting of preventative interventions to those living in the most deprived areas. Future work includes extending this research to other injury types and incorporating emergency department data when this becomes available.
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Berry, Darryn. "The impact of training load on injury and illness in a 12-week training period for an iron-distance triathlon." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31314.
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BACKGROUND
Given that triathlon is recognised as an official sport by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), a focus on injury prevention strategies for participation in triathlon is necessary. A model for injury prevention programme development that is used currently is the Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (TRIPP) model. The literature on iron-distance is currently limited to the first two stages of this model, which focus on injury and illness epidemiology. Current research has predominantly investigated injuries and illness in professional or Olympic distance (OD) triathletes. Iron-distance triathlon is a popular form of triathlon, evidenced by the recent growth in participation in the sport from recreational to elite levels. However, there is limited evidence regarding injury or illness epidemiology for iron-distance triathlon. The impact of training loads on injury and illness in iron-distance triathletes is also poorly understood.
AIMS
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of training load on injury and illness in a 12-week training period for an iron-distance triathlon.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to (1) Describe the average weekly training load in amateur iron distance triathletes over a 12-week training period prior to an IRONMAN™ race; (2) Describe the total and weekly average prevalence of overuse injury, substantial overuse injury and illness, and the average severity of overuse injuries and illness in amateur iron-distance triathletes over a 12-week training period prior to an IRONMAN™ race; (3) Determine the incidence and severity of acute injuries in amateur iron-distance triathletes over a 12-week training period prior to an IRONMAN™ race; (4) Determine the average weekly training load threshold above which there is a significantly increased risk of injury or illness in amateur iron-distance triathletes over a 12-week training period prior to an IRONMAN™ race; and (5) Determine any associations between the prevalence of overuse injury and risk factors associated with injury (including age, gender, history of previous injuries and triathlon experience) in amateur iron-distance triathletes over a 12-week training period prior to an IRONMAN™ race.
METHODS
This study had a prospective, longitudinal, descriptive cohort design. Thirty-seven amateur triathletes who were training for the IRONMAN™ 2018 African Championships were included. All participants had entered for the event prior to the start of the data collection process. Participants were excluded if two or more weeks of training data were missing. Online questionnaires were used to collect weekly training load, injury and illness data over a 12-week training period. Internal training load was measured as sessional Rate of Perceived Exertion (sRPE), while external training load was measured as volume (hours). Acute training load and the acute:chronic workload ratio were used to relate training load to injuries and illness. Total and weekly average prevalence and severity of overuse injuries, substantial overuse injuries and illness were obtained.
RESULTS
Participants trained for 10.5 ± 2.8(7)(7)(7) hours per week on average, with a weekly average sRPE of 13.1 ± 1.7. The average weekly training load of participants was 8 170 ± 3 565 arbitrary units (AU). The total prevalence of injury and illness were 65% (n = 35) and 62% (n = 47) respectively. The average weekly prevalence of injury and illness were 19% (n = 7) and 9% (n = 4) respectively. The injury incidence was 9.1 per 1 000 training hours. Overuse injuries were more common than acute injuries, with a prevalence of 89% and an incidence of 8.1 per 1 000 hours. The severity of injuries was mostly mild, and the severity of illness mostly moderate. Most injuries occurred during training, and the predominant location of the injury was the knee. Illness symptoms that were reported most commonly included fatigue or malaise. There were no significant relationships between low, moderate or high training loads and injury or illness respectively.
CONCLUSION
This study identified a relatively high prevalence of injury and illness in amateur iron-distance triathletes. The small sample size significantly limited our interpretation of potential associations between training load and the prevalence of injury and illness. Future studies should consider the next step in the TRIPP protocol, namely by investigating the specific aetiology of the risks associated with injury and illness, including training load. The findings of this study highlight the importance of furthering our understanding of factors contributing to the development of injury and illness in iron distance triathletes to support safe participation and improve performance.
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Kraus, Jennifer L. "The implementation of ISO 14001-conformant environmental management systems and occupational injury & illness rates along the U.S.-Mexico border /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3071181.
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Moore, Helen. "Adaptation of informal care relationships following Acquired Brain Injury." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11094.
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The number of informal carers in the UK is rising, yet the dynamics of care within informal care relationships remain poorly understood. The present research examined adaptation of informal care relationships affected by Acquired Brain Injury. The research addresses four pairs of questions: (1a) Are there any disagreements and/or misunderstandings between carers and people with Acquired Brain Injury (PwABI) regarding carer identity? (1b) How can the pattern of divergences be explained? (2a) Are there any disagreements and/or misunderstandings between carers and PwABI regarding PwABI identity? (2b) How can the pattern of divergences be explained? (3a) What strategies do carers and PwABI use in collaboration on a joint task? (3b) Is the type of input provided by carers on the joint task comparable to scaffolding as described in the child development literature? (4a) What happens when carers and PwABI collaborate to fill in the Disability Living Allowance (DLA) claim form? (4b) Why do carers see more disability than PwABI when filling in the DLA form? Four mixed-method data sets were used to answer these questions: (1) numerical ratings given by PwABI and carers to map out convergences and divergences (2) videos of discussions between participants and researcher during rating tasks (3) videos of carers and PwABI engaging in a joint task - planning inviting a friend or relative round for a meal and (4) videos of carers and PwABI filling in part of the DLA claim form. All data was collected from the same 28 PwABI/carer dyads who were two or more years post injury. Chapter 4 addresses questions 1a and 1b. Carers’ and PwABIs’ perspective ratings revealed a number of disagreements regarding carer identity. Carers perceived themselves negatively compared to their partners’ view of them. Regarding question 1b, carers feel negatively about themselves due to difficulties in the transition to the role of ‘carer’. They experience a lack of recognition for this caring role as a result of concealing the burden of care. Carers require more long term support from health services to help them achieve recognition for their role, such as facilitating attendance at support groups. Chapter 5 addresses questions 2a and 2b. Carers’ and PwABIs’ perspective ratings revealed only one disagreement and corresponding misunderstanding regarding PwABI identity. Regarding question 2b, alignment was found between the perspectives of carers and PwABI regarding PwABI due to the relational rating method used. It is carer identity which is the source of most divergences of perspective, not PwABI identity as commonly assumed. Using a relational rating method shows promise as a tool to explore perspectives as it treats all viewpoints as equal and avoids pathologising the perspective of PwABI. Chapter 6 addresses questions 3a and 3b. Analysis of strategies shows that completing a joint task is a collaborative process. Carers direct the background of the task but PwABI are in charge of the foreground, making task decisions. However, carers dominate the process and control where and how PwABI contribute. Regarding question 3b, the interaction meets the criteria for scaffolding in the strategies chosen and the flexibility of collaboration. However, removal of supports is often an unrealistic goal, leading to frustration in carers. Examination of processes of collaboration has elucidated the strategies used by carers and PwABI and can enhance theoretical discussion of the applicability of the scaffolding metaphor for a cognitively impaired adult sample. Chapter 7 address questions 4a and 4b. Disagreements were frequent when completing the DLA form. Contestations were almost exclusively in the direction of carers seeing greater disability than PwABI. Regarding question 4b, carers see greater disability due to the communication required to complete the form. Dyads are forced to confront disability, a pattern of interaction they avoid in everyday life. Carers marginalise PwABI point of view and position themselves as ‘expert’ on the PwABI. Differences in frames of reference regarding audience, aim and scope lead carers to maximise the disability and PwABI to minimise this. The impact of completing complex forms on relationships and identity needs to be considered during development of disability benefit assessment methods. A relational approach which studies both halves of informal care partnerships simultaneously allows us to go beyond outcomes of ABI and affords a greater understanding of processes of adaptation.
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Didier, Elizabeth. "Being Prepared for Show Livestock Injuries and Illnesses." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144742.
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5 pp.Arizona youth livestock quality assurance and food safety: Trainers reference. Arizona youth livestock quality assurance and food safety: Youth manual. Feeding management for show lambs. Feeding management for show steers. Swine nutrition for show animals.
Illness or injury to a show animal may be preventable by following a few guidelines. Providing a clean and safe environment and properly feeding, watering, and vaccinating animals will help to reduce the risks of experiencing illnesses and injuries. Owners should also learn how to identify signs of health problems, such as sudden changes in behavior or appearance, and prepare a first aid kit for use in the event of an emergency. Also, being familiar with emergency treatment guidelines will help owners protect themselves, prevent further injury to the animal, and properly administer care to the animal if appropriate.
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Franklin, Paula. "First aid when and where you need it, development of first aid self-care, patient education for web and mobile devices /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7903.
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Allison, Lori Anne. "Life care planning for individuals with spinal cord injuries outcomes and considerations /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1194636813.
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Ericsson, Maja. "Spelar könet någon roll? : En undersökning om elitfotbollsspelares skydd vid sjukdom och/eller skada." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90153.
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Formerly, football was just a hobby to many people but because of the commercialization and professionalization the sport has now become a work where people get payed. There is a questioning if those players can be considered as employees and receive a protection from labor law. It is a big risk to become injured as a football player compared to other jobs. The purpose of this essay is to elucidate the terms of employment for Swedish professional football players considering a perspective of equality. The essay has a comparative approach for the possibility to compare the two collective agreements that are in force for female and male professional football players in Sweden. In addition to that, the legal dogmatic method, a document analysis and a qualitative part is included to make it possible to answer both the research questions. The professional football players in Sweden are today considered as employees. Considering this, they receive the same protection regarding labor law just like other employees with more common jobs. The protection that they provide during illness or an injury is regulated in law and in their collective agreements. It appears that both male and female professional football players in Sweden has a good protection when illness or an injury takes place even if the collective agreements regulates the protection in different ways. The male players have a better solution due to the insurance, but the recurring reason is the difference between the salaries.
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Wang, Victor C. [Verfasser], Pia-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Wippert, and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer. "Injury and illness risk factors for elite athletes in training environment : a comparison between Germany and Taiwan / Victor-C. Wang ; Pia-Maria Wippert, Frank Mayer." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218793112/34.
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Wang, Victor-C. [Verfasser], Pia-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Wippert, and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer. "Injury and illness risk factors for elite athletes in training environment : a comparison between Germany and Taiwan / Victor-C. Wang ; Pia-Maria Wippert, Frank Mayer." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218793112/34.
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Switzer, Michael. "A Meta-Analysis of the Inclusion of Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Assessment and Treatment in Traumatic Brain Injury Management." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6684.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) incidence rates are increasing among the U.S. population and represent substantial acute and chronic care costs. A confounding factor in TBI treatment is the incidence rates of concomitant mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinical data establish that the prevalence of any of these 3 diagnoses complicates the treatment of TBI regardless of whether the diagnosis was pre-existing or occurred because of the TBI, such that prognosis and recovery are negatively impacted. Despite this evidence, psychological assessment is not a first line step in the approach to TBI. The purpose of this research was to assess the prevalence of psychological screening among TBI patients for depression, anxiety, and PTSD to enable conclusions about the current standard of care in TBI management. Meta-analysis of peer reviewed journals on TBI management was used to determine if there was considerable evidence to support that depression, anxiety, and PTSD were being addressed as the standard of care in TBI management. Mean analysis of literature search results established that there was not considerable evidence to support a conclusion that depression, anxiety, and PTSD assessment were standard of care in TBI management. Among the recommendations resulting from this finding were for additional studies on TBI points of care to determine how mental health is currently being managed among TBI patients, and for a change in current TBI treatment protocols to incorporate mental health assessment as part of overall TBI management. If these, and the remaining recommendations, were implemented, it was affirmed that these would have a positive social impact resulting in improved patient outcomes, decreased healthcare costs, and better healthcare delivery for TBI patients.
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Smith, Joseph L. "Developing the Evidence Base for Mental Health Policy and Services: Inquiries into Epidemiology, Cost-Benefits, and Utilization." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7713.
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The overarching aim of this dissertation is to use health services research methods to address three problems in behavioral health services. This dissertation seeks to address the knowledge gaps in behavioral health services through the generation of evidence intended to support evidence-based practices (EBP).
Previous work has examined epidemiology of behavioral health disorders in the ED, but they have not attempted to examine disorders by the cause of injury. Chapter 2 examines the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders among adults who seek care in the emergency department (ED) by cause of injury. Data from a national hospital discharge survey was analyzed using logistic and multinomial regression. Estimates are given as average marginal effects (AME) to simplify the interpretation and application. Intentionally-caused injury and undetermined cause of injury are significantly associated with psychiatric disorders. Patients with undetermined cause of injury were more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders, depressed mood, and psychoses relative to patients with unintentional injuries
Since there are several treatment options for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), and combinations of these, a comparison of treatment effects denominated in dollars is helpful when comparing risks and benefits. Chapter 3 builds on previous randomized control trials of treatments for OCD in children and adolescents by ranks the cost-benefits of first-line treatments. The analysis aggregates treatment effects from published trials in meta-analytic framework and a Monte Carlo simulation of 100,000 hypothetic children and adolescents to derive ranked cost-benefit. Treatments strategies starting with CBT, but not CBT and SRIs concurrently, were the most cost-beneficial.
The relationship between cost-sharing and utilization of behavioral health services has been studied in the aggregate, but there has been little work examining the relationship by disorder and treatment modality. The aim of Chapter 4 is to examine the association between cost-sharing and utilization of psychotherapy and adherence to pharmacotherapy among insured adults with OCD. This chapter utilizes the Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters dataset to perform zero-inflated negative binomial regression and logistic regression analyses. Increased cost-sharing was significantly, negatively associated with psychotherapy intensity and dose, but not associated with SRI adherence.
This dissertation examined three different research questions to address gaps in the behavioral health services research. The findings of these chapters have implications for patients, clinicians, insurers, and policymakers. The results can be used to improve aspects of cost, quality, access, and efficiency of behavioral health services.
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Devinder, Victor, and Per Dynesius. "Anställningsavtal : En jämförelse mellan olika anställningsavtal för fartygsbefäl." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52307.
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Detta arbete behandlar anställningsavtalen: det svenska Storsjöavtalet för styrmän/telegrafist, färöiskt anställningsavtal för svenska fartygsbefäl och ITF:s anställningsavtal för besättningsmedlemmar på bekvämlighetsflaggade fartyg. Syftet med jämförelsen var att utröna skillnaderna mellan avtalen, gällande uppsägning, ekonomisk ersättning vid sjukdom och skadefall samt skadeståndsansvar med hänsyn till social trygghet. Metoden som användes för att genomföra arbetet var en kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Storsjöavtalet och det färöiska avtalet liknar varandra relativt väl gällande uppsägning medan ITF:s anställningsavtal skiljer sig från de andra avtalen. Gällande sjukdom och skadefall ger alla avtalen ersättningar. Storsjöavtalets ersättning baseradas på Försäkringskassans utbetalningar medan det färöiska och ITF:s anställningsavtal har separata försäkringar som rederiet upprättar till enskilt fartygsbefäl. Beträffande skadeståndsansvar devierar ITF:s anställningsavtal eftersom det inte behöver finnas synnerliga skäl, som krävs enligt Storsjöavtalet och det färöiska avtalet, för att bli personligt skadeståndsskyldig för fel i tjänsten. Jämförelsen ger en bra inblick hur avtalen är uppbyggda kring nationella lagar och/eller avsaknaden av dessa. Generellt är Storsjöavtalet mer socialt betryggande än vad det färöiska och det internationella ITF-anställningsavtalet är.This study deals with employment agreements: the Swedish Storsjö Agreement for officers and telegraphists, Faroese Employment Agreement for Swedish officers and the ITF Uniform ”TCC” Collective Agreement for crews onboard flag of convenience ships. The purpose of the comparison was to determine differences between the agreements concerning termination, economical compensation for illness and injury cases and liability in case of default in regards of social security. The method of the work was a qualitative literature study. Storsjö Agreement and the Faroese Agreement is relatively similar to each other regarding termination of the contract, while the ITF Agreement differ from the other agreements. Regarding economical compensation for illness and injury cases all the agreements provides a safety net for the officer. The compensation with Storsjö Agreement is based on the Swedish Social Insurance Agency payouts, while the Faroese Agreement and ITF Agreement have separate insurance policies that the company arranges to individual officers. Regarding liability due to default, the ITF Agreement contract differ since it does not have to be any exceptional reasons for the default, which is required in Storsjö Agreement and the Faroese Agreement, to make the officer personally responsible for the damage. The comparison gives a good insight into how the contracts are structured around national laws and/or the lack of them. Generally Storsjö Agreement is more reassuring than the Faroese Agreement and the ITF Agreement concerning social security.
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Siddaway, Andrew P. "Explaining and predicting psychological problems : the joint importance of positive and negative constructs." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26911.
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Positive Clinical Psychology (PCP) argues that positive and negative psychological constructs are jointly important for explaining psychological problems. “Positive” constructs have been explicitly focused on by positive psychology researchers and “negative” constructs have been explicitly focused on by mental health researchers. This thesis examines the relationship between positive and negative constructs in relation to four psychological problems: depressive symptoms (Chapter 2), anxiety-problems (Chapter 3), suicide attempts (SAs) (Chapter 4 and 5), and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) (Chapter 4 and 5). Clarifying how psychological problems are most appropriately conceptualised has implications for definitions, diagnostic criteria, measurement, and clinical interventions. This thesis provides evidence that some constructs form bipolar continua, having a positive pole and a negative pole, whilst other constructs do not. Chapters 2 and 3 demonstrate that well-being and calmness respectively form continua with depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, Chapters 4 and 5 demonstrate that SA and NSSI cognitions do not form a continuum with another construct. Results indicate that positive and negative constructs appear to have different relationships to one-another depending on the construct under investigation. Constructs that are common in the general population – such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, well-being symptoms, and calmness symptoms – appear to be bipolar, having a positive and a negative pole. Psychological constructs that are rare in the general population and which specifically characterise psychological problems (rather than being an extreme manifestation of a common psychological experience) – such as SA and NSSI cognitions – appear to be unipolar. The replication of scientific findings also features strongly throughout this thesis. Each chapter may therefore have a timely bearing on the emerging “replication crisis” literature.
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Coplen, Chris Rolland. "Emergency medical service training for California peace officers." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/438.
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Sjölander, Helena, and Cecilia Svensson. "Internet - en smittspridare för självskadebeteende? : En enkätstudie bland gymnasieelever i Kristianstads kommun." Thesis, Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-6671.
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Det psykiska hälsoläget har förbättrats totalt sett i befolkningen de senaste åren, men trots det är detfortfarande oroväckande många unga som upplever att de mår psykiskt dåligt. Ett fenomen som ökat under senare tid och som kopplats samman med psykisk ohälsa, är olika former av självskadehandlingar. Det har tidigare visats att andra typer av riskbeteenden sprids i populationer genom att individer influeras av varandra. Bakgrunden till den här studien var en tanke om att ökningen av självskadehandlingar kan vara ett resultat av en form av smittspridning snarare än enbart ett tecken på försämrad psykisk hälsa. Som primär kanal för spridningen av beteendet undersöktes Internet eftersom mycket av ungdomars sociala liv utspelar sig på den arenan. Studien grundar sig på en enkät (n=192) till gymnasieelever. Syftet var att undersöka hur väl ungdomar kände till fenomenet självskadebeteende samt hur de kommunicerade med och influerades av sina vänner. Resultatet visade att mer än hälften av ungdomarna kommit i kontakt med självskadebeteende i form av bilder eller skriftliga inlägg på Internet och 86 % av tjejerna och 71 % av killarna kände dessutom till minst en person i sin närhet som medvetet skadat sig själv. Eftersom ungdomar exponeras av beteendet från många håll är det rimligt att anta att individer som upplever någon form av psykisk stress kan influeras av andra att prova ett självdestruktivt beteende. Beteendet förefaller mer utbrett än vad som skulle kunna förväntas om en svårare psykisk ohälsa var den enda orsaken. Att tidigt arbeta med självkänsla och se till att barn och unga har trygga sociala nätverk runt omkring sig kan vara ett sätt att förse dem med den motståndskraft som behövs för att stå emot negativa influenser från omgivningen.
The mental health status has improved in the overall population recent years although it is still worrying many young people who feel that they have a poor psychological health. A phenomenon that has increased recently, and are linked to mental illness, are various forms of self-injury acts. It has previously been shown that other types of risk behaviours spread in populations by individuals influenced by each other. The background of this study was to examine whether the increase in selfinjury acts can be the result of a form of contagion, rather than merely a sign of impaired mental health. Since a lot of young people's social life takes place on the Internet, this was the arena which was investigated. The study is based on a survey (n = 192) and was designed to examine how well young people were aware of the phenomenon of self-injury, and how they communicated with and how they were influenced by their friends. The results showed that more than half of the participants had been in contact with self-injury such as pictures or written messages on the Internet. Among the respondents 86% of the girls and 71% of the boys also knew at least one person who deliberately harmed themselves. Since adolescents are exposed to this behaviour from many directions, it is reasonable to assume that individuals who experience some form of mental stress may be influenced by others to try self-destructive behaviour. The behaviour seems to be more prevalent than would be expected if a severer mental illness was the solely cause. Early work on self-esteem and ensuring children and young people have a safe social network around them can be a way to provide them with the resilience needed to withstand the negative influences from their surroundings.
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Sturrock, James Lee. "A Behavioral Modification Analysis of the Effects of Multimedia First Aid Training on Injuries in an Industrial Setting." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331593/.
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Past research has shown a correlation between first-aid training and the reduction of injuries. This connection has been noted in off-the-job situations in addition to industrial studies. This project is an extension of those past findings with three notable differences: total population training was studied, as the intervention instead of just saturation treatment; attention was given to the effect that the half-life of training had upon injury reduction; and three randomly chosen small groups we're studied to determine short range effects. The theoretical bases from which the study hypothesis was developed originated in the Behavioral Science and Psychology literature. Discussions are developed around the mental structuring of accidental potential situations in the case of a person trained in first-aid principles. Behavior Modification was one of the principles of change that offered a.safer environment through first-aid training. Group contagion provided the setting for development of a safer place to work because of socialization to a "safe attitude." The intervention, American National Red Cross Standard Multimedia First-Aid Course, provided some of the mental developments toward modification of behavior. These were the modeling and rehearsal features of the course. A connection between group deviance and accident "proneness" led to a proposal that avoidance behavior was the resultant of the training.
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Arsen, Uvelin. "Prediktivni faktori nastanka akutne renalne insuficijencije na odeljenju intenzivnog lečenja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=90932&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Uvod: Učestalost akutne renalne insuficijencije, odnosno akutnog bubrežnog oštećenja u jedinicama intenzivnog lečenja se kreće od 36 do 66 %. Akutno bubrežno oštećenje povišava smrtnost, trajanje hospitalizacije i ukupne troškove lečenja. Ranije prepoznavanje prediktivnih faktora za nastanak akutnog bubrežnog oštećenja može da ima značajan uticaj na pravovremeno započinjanje terapijskih mera i smanjivanje mortaliteta kod kritično obolelih. Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi incidencu akutnog bubrežnog oštećenja na Odeljenju reanimacije Urgentnog centra Kliničkog centra Vojvodine tokom 2011.godine, učestalost sepse kao etiološkog faktora i značajne prediktivne faktore za nastanak akutnog bubrežnog oštećenja koji se javljaju u toku prvih 24 časa lečenja na odeljenju intenzivnog lečenja. Metodologija: Retrospektivno-prospektivna opservaciona studija uključila je uzorak od 251 ispitanika koji su se lečili na dva odeljenja intenzivnog lečenja u Kliničkom centru Vojvodine tokom 2010, 2011, i prvih 6 meseci 2012.godine. Iz medicinske dokumentacije (istorije bolesti, dnevne terapijske liste i liste vitalnih i laboratorijskih parametara) za svakog ispitanika je verifikovano prisutvo ili odsustvo potencijalnog prediktivnog faktora. Zatim je zabeležena pojava akutnog bubrežnog oštećenja prema RIFLE kriterijumima. Statistička analiza je izvršena pomoću statističkog paketa IBM SPSS 20 Statistics. Podaci su predstavljeni tabelarno i grafički, a statistička značajnost određivana je na nivou p< 0,05. Prikupljeni podaci su obrađeni standardnim statističkim testovima. Za izvođenje modela predviđanja primenjena je multivarijatna logistička regresija. Određene su granične tačke na osnovu ROC analize za dobijene značajne prediktore iz multivarijacione logističke regresije i izračunati su pridruženi bodovi koji bi činili skoring sistem za utvrđivanje rizika od nastanka akutnog bubrežnog oštećenja. Rezultati: Incidenca akutnog bubrežnog oštećenja na Odeljenju reanimacije Urgentnog centra Kliničkog centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu kod bolesnika koji su hospitalizovani najkraće 48 časova u toku 2011.godine je 32 %. Rezna tačka (cut off value) zapremine provocirane diureze jedan čas nakon intravenskog davanja bolusa furosemida od 0,165 ml/kg telesne mase/čas/po miligramu datog furosemida ima najvišu senzitivnost (82,3 %) i specifičnost (67,5 %) u diferenciranju bolesnika koji će razviti ABO. Konačni model predloženog skoring sistema sa ulogom predikcije nastanka ABO nakon 24 časa lečenja bolesnika na odeljenju intenzivnog lečenja sadrži sledeće varijable: starost višu od 53 godine, vrednost APACHE skora višu od 16, prosečnu diurezu prvih 6 časova hospitalizacije nižu od 0,875 ml/kg/h, primenu vazopresora, kalijemiju višu od 4,5 mmol/l i koncentraciju laktata iznad 2 mmol/l. Zaključak: Incidenca akutnog bubrežnog oštećenja na Odeljenju reanimacije Urgentnog centra Kliničkog centra Vojvodine je slična literaturnim podacima. Bolesnici koji su stariji, imaju više vrednosti APACHE II skora, nižu prosečnu zapreminu diureze u toku prvih 6 časova po prijemu, koji primaju vazopresorne medikamente, imaju višu koncentraciju kalijuma i više koncentracije laktata u toku prvih 24 časa lečenja imaju veću šansu da razviju akutno bubrežno oštećenje.Introduction: The incidence of acute renal insufficiency (acute kidney injury) in intensive care unit is between 36 and 66 %. Acute kidney injury is responsible for higher mortality, longer hospitalization and higher costs. Earlier recognition of acute kidney injury predictive factors could have important impact on right timing of therapeutic measures and lower mortality in critically ill patients. Aims: investigate the incidence of acute kidney injury during 2011. in patients who are hospitalized at Department of reanimation of Emergency centre, Clinical centre of Vojvodina, incidence of acute kidney injury caused by sepsis in the same period and detect acute kidney injury occurrence predicitive factors Methodology: This retrospective-prospective observational study investigated 251 critically ill patients-study subjects who were treated at two intensive care departments in Clinical centre of Vojvodina during 2010, 2011 and first six months of 2012. Potential predictive factors were identified out of medical records (patient history, daily therapeutic lists, vital parameters and laboratory values lists); the occurrence of acute kidney injury was noted according to RIFLE criteria. IBM SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis, standard statystical test were applied. The results were presented in tables and graphs, statystical significance was set at p value of less than 0,05. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for potential predictive factors. Statystically important factors were identified and their best sensitivity and specificity cut-off values were found using ROC curve analysis.; These cut-off values were used for creating a scoring system that determines the risk for acute kidney injury occurrence. Results: The incidence of acute kidney injury at Department of reanimation, Clinical centre of Vojvodina in patients who were hospitalized at least 48 hours was 32 % during 2011. The cut off value of provoked hourly urine output during first hour after furosemide intravenous bolus of 0.165 ml/kg body weight/h/miligram of administered furosemide has the highest sensitivity (82.3 %) and specifity (67.5 %) in differentiation of patients who would develop acute kidney injury and those who would not. The final suggested model of scoring system with the role of acute kidney injury prediction after 24 hours of treatment contains the next variables: age higher than 53 years, APACHE II score higher than 16, avarage hourly urine output during first 6 hours after ICU admission less than 0,875 ml/kg BW/h, vasopressor medication administration, blood potassium concentration higher than 4,5 mmol/l, lactates higher than 2 mmol/l after 24 hours of treatment. Conclusion: The incidence of acute kidney injury at Department of reanimation of Emergency centre, Clinical centre of Vojvodina is similar to world literature references. Critically ill patients who are more likely to develop acute kidney injury are older, have higher APACHE II score values, lower avarage urine output in the first 6 hours after ICU admission, are administered vasopressor medication, have higher blood potassium and lactate concentration in the first 24 hours of their treatment.
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Anjos, Carlos Frederico Dantas. "Ventilação mecânica não invasiva com pressão positiva em vias aéreas, em pacientes HIV/AIDS com lesão pulmonar aguda e insuficiência respiratória: estudo de avaliação do melhor valor de PEEP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5167/tde-09112011-134108/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) é atualmente uma pandemia, e as doenças pulmonares são a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes com AIDS. Nesse sentido, as infecções respiratórias são frequente causa de hipoxemia e morte. Os pacientes com AIDS e insuficiência respiratória hipoxêmica frequentemente necessitam de ventilação mecânica invasiva, a qual é independentemente associada com mortalidade. A ventilação não invasiva com pressão positiva refere-se à oferta de assistência ventilatória mecânica sem a necessidade de invasão artificial das vias aéreas, sendo reconhecida por melhorar a oxigenação e a dispneia dos pacientes com insuficiência respiratória hipoxêmica, principalmente se aplicada de forma sequencial e progressiva, e esta pode reduzir a necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva nestes pacientes. Tendo em vista as incertezas quanto à resposta da oxigenação a PEEP nos pacientes com AIDS com insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxêmica e usando o racional da pressurização progressiva das vias aéreas e seu potencial benefício na oxigenação sanguínea, nós fizemos a hipótese de que o incremento sequencial dos níveis de PEEP até 15 cmH2O pode melhorar a oxigenação sanguínea sem afetar o conforto e a hemodinâmica do paciente. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos de diferentes sequências de níveis de PEEP aplicado de forma não invasiva sobre as trocas gasosas, a sensação de dispneia e os padrões hemodinâmicos em pacientes com AIDS e insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxêmica. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar o tempo livre de ventilação mecânica invasiva em 28 dias e a mortalidade hospitalar em 60 dias. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 30 pacientes adultos com HIV/AIDS e insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxêmica. Todos os pacientes receberam uma sequência randomizada de PEEP não invasivo (os valores usados foram 5, 10 ou 15 cmH2O) por vinte minutos. A PEEP foi fornecida através de máscara facial com pressão suporte (PSV) de 5 cmH2O e uma FiO2 = 1. Um período de washout de 20 minutos com respiração espontânea foi permitido entre cada PEEP. Variáveis clínicas e uma gasometria arterial foram registradas após cada etapa de PEEP. RESULTADOS: Analisando os 30 pacientes, a oxigenação melhorou linearmente com a elevação da PEEP, contudo, estudando os pacientes conforme a PEEP inicial randomizada, a oxigenação foi similar independentemente da primeira PEEP randomizada (5, 10 ou 15 cmH2O), e somente o subgrupo com PEEP inicial = 5 cmH2O melhorou mais a oxigenação quando PEEPs maiores foram usadas. A PaCO2 também aumentou junto com a elevação da PEEP, especialmente com uma PEEP = 15 cmH2O. O uso de PSV = 5 cmH2O foi associado com significante e consistente melhora da sensação subjetiva de dispnéia e da frequência respiratória com PEEP de 0 a 15 cmH2O. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com SIDA e insuficiência respiratória hipoxêmica melhoram a oxigenação com a elevação progressiva e sequencial da PEEP até 15 cmH2O, contudo a elevação da PaCO2 limita a PEEP até 10 cmH2O. Uma PSV = 5 cmH2O promove uma melhora da sensação subjetiva da dispnéia independentemente do uso de PEEPINTRODUTION: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic, and lung diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and are often associated with respiratory infections, hypoxemia and death. The noninvasive ventilation with positive pressure refers to the provision of mechanical ventilatory assistance without the need for artificial airway invasion, being recognized for improving oxygenation and dyspnea in patients with hipoxemic respiratory failure. Patients with AIDS and hypoxemic respiratory failure often require invasive mechanical ventilation, which is independently associated with mortality. Given the uncertainties about response in oxygenation with PEEP in patients with AIDS with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and using the rational for progressive pressurization of the airway and its potential benefits on blood oxygenation, we made the hypothesis that increased levels of sequential PEEP up to 15 cmH2O may improve blood oxygenation without affecting the comfort and hemodynamics of the patient. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sequences of PEEP levels on gas exchange, the sensation of dyspnea and hemodynamics in patients with AIDS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The secondary objective was to assess the time free of invasive mechanical ventilation in 28 days and hospital mortality within 60 days. METHODS: We studied 30 adults patients with HIV/AIDS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. All patients received a randomized sequence of noninvasive PEEP (the values used were 5,10 or 15 cmH2O) for twenty minutes. PEEP was delivered via face mask with pressure support (PSV) of 5 cmH2O and FiO2 = 1. A washout period of 20 minutes with spontaneous breathing was allowed between each PEEP trial. Clinical variables and arterial blood gases were recorded after each PEEP step. RESULTS: Analyzing the 30 patients, oxygenation improved linearly with increasing PEEP, however studying the patients randomized according to the initial PEEP, oxygenation was similar regardless of the first randomized PEEP (5,10 or 15 cmH2O), and only the subgroup with initial PEEP = 5 cmH2O further improve the oxygenation when high PEEP were used. The PaCO2 also rose beside the PEEP elevation, especially with a PEEP = 15 cmH2O. The use of PSV = 5 cmH2O was associated with significant and consistent improvement of subjective sensation of dyspnea and respiratory rate with a PEEP from 0 to 15 cmH2O. CONCLUSION: AIDS-patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure improve oxygenation with a progressive sequential elevation of PEEP up to 15 cmH2O, however the elevation of PaCO2 limit the PEEP up to 10 cmH2O. A PSV = 5 cmH2O promotes an improvement of subjective sensation of dyspnea independently from the use of PEEP
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Swart, Thomas Frederick. "Injuries and illnesses in athletes with spinal cord injury during the 2012 London Summer Paralympic Games." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29679.
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Background: The Summer Paralympics have grown from participation of a mere 16 athletes at the 1948 Stoke-Mandeville Games, to a large multi-code event of 4176 athletes competing in 20 different sporting codes at the 2012 London Summer Paralympic Games. Unlike able-bodied athletes, Paralympic athletes represent a heterogenous group of people with a varied degree of physical-, mental- and physiological impairment. Despite the growth in the Paralympic sport, limited research exists describing injury and illness in Paralympic athletes. For athletes with impairment to perform optimally and not to jeopardise their health, studies should identify and eventually address risk factors for both injury and illness. Aim: The main aim of this study was to determine the incidence and nature of illnesses and injuries in a cohort of athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) during the 3-day pre-competition and 11-day competition period at the 2012 London Summer Paralympic Games. This knowledge could provide an initial framework for future research regarding injury- and illness prevention strategies in athletes with SCI. Methods: This study was a component of the large prospective cohort study which was conducted over the 14-day period of the London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, coordinated by the Medical Committee of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). The data were collected at the London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games during the 3-day pre-competition and 11-day competition periods. Three data sources were used. Firstly, the IPC provided a comprehensive athlete database that contains accreditation number, country code, sports code (20 sports), gender and age. The second data source was the medical encounters of staff that provided care to their own teams. At the London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, a novel system (WEB-IIS) was used to collect data via desktop computer interface, tablet or smart phone. The third data source was from an electronic medical data capture system (EMDCS) (ATOS, France) where the medical staff of the Local Organizing Committee of the London Summer Paralympic Games (LOCOG) were requested to enter all medical encounters, at both the Paralympic Village polyclinic and at the sports venues wherever the athlete reported for care. A standardized form was used for this purpose. After comparing all the data, a total of 3009 athletes, of which 709 were athletes with SCI formed part of this study. The Incidence Rate (IR) for illnesses and injuries in athletes with SCI was calculated as the number of illnesses and injuries per 1000 athlete days and was compared to a group of all other Paralympic athletes with injury and illness (who had other impairments). Results: There were significantly more upper limb injuries in athletes with SCI (p=0.0001), with an IR of 6.4 injuries / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 4.6 - 8.9). The IR for all the other athletes were 4.4 injuries / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 3.4 - 5.8). For lower limb injuries, the IR for athletes with SCI was significantly lower (p=0.0001) at 1.4 injuries / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 0.8 -2.5) compared to an average IR of 4.2 injuries / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 3.3-5.4) for all other athletes participating at the 2012 London Paralympic Games. Athletes with SCI had a significantly higher IR for illness than the group of all other athletes (p=0.0004). The IR for illness in athletes with SCI was 15.4 illnesses / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 11.8-20.1), whereas the average for all other athletes were 11.0 illnesses / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 8.7-14.1). The IR for skin- and genito-urinary illness were significantly greater in athletes with SCI (p=0.0001), with an IR of 3.9 illnesses / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 2.5-6.2) for skin illness and 2.3 /1000 athlete days (95% CI 1.8-4.6) for genito-urinary illness. The IR in skin illness for all other athletes were 1.8 illnesses / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 1.1-2.7) and genito-urinary illness, were 0.5 illnesses / 1000 athlete days (95% CI 0.3-0.8). Summary: The results of this study present an insight into injuries and illnesses in athletes with SCI. Athletes with SCI injury have a greater incidence rate of upper limb injuries and a lower incidence of lower limb injuries, than other Paralympic athletes. Total-, skin- and genito-urinary illnesses were also significantly greater in athletes with SCI compared to other Paralympic athletes. For clinicians caring for athletes with SCI, the results indicate that more attention should be given to the prevention of upper limb injuries and specifically skin- and genito-urinary illnesses.
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Thomeer, Mieke Beth. "Gendered emotion work around illness and injury." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1616.
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This paper brings together theoretical work on gender, caregiving, and illness to investigate emotion work performed in response to a spouse’s physical illness. We analyzed qualitative in-depth interview data with 36 individuals in 18 long-term heterosexual marriages (N=36) wherein one or both spouses experienced illness. Findings indicated that men and women performed, received, and interpreted their emotion work in gendered ways. Women with an ill spouse performed emotion work more often than men. Women who were ill themselves often performed emotion work to relieve the burden on their spouse—a dynamic not found among men who were ill. When women performed emotion work, they constructed this work as a natural propensity. Men who did not perform emotion work constructed themselves as protective and problem-solving. These findings point to underlying intra- and inter-personal processes that may help to explain why women experience higher levels of caregiver burden and depression than do men.text
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Lu, Chung-Liang, and 陸忠良. "An Investigation on Seafarer's Work Safety, Injury, and Illness." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76535672559648379536.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
商船學系所
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Abstract Seafarer’s work safety, injury, and illness are unavoidable issues confronted by any shipping company. In order to show a real case regarding those issues, this study firstly employed descriptive statistics to summarize and analyze the data on seafarers’ injuries and illnesses of a selected shipping company. Subsequently, this study conducted a questionnaire survey to elicit seafarers’ perceptions on relevant issues of injury and illness. Finally, the survey results were compared to previous analytical results from real data to discover the disparity between perceptions and the reality. The research results will have contributions to the management of seafarer’s work safety and incident injury treatment for a shipping company. Additionally, this study compared the surveyed and analytical results of seafarers’ injury and illness to that of ashore laborer to test the conformity in working safety issues between these two groups. The results of comparison will provide reference for a shipping company to establish a sound working safety procedure on board and care system for seafarer’s health.