Academic literature on the topic 'Injera'
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Journal articles on the topic "Injera":
1
Mezgebe, Abadi G., John R. N. Taylor, and Henriëtte L. de Kock. "Influence of Waxy (High Amylopectin) and High Protein Digestibility Traits in Sorghum on Injera Sourdough-Type Flatbread Sensory Characteristics." Foods 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121749.
Abstract:
Injera, an East African leavened sourdough fermented pancake has remarkable textural properties despite being made from non-wheat flours. However, teff flour, which produces the best quality injera, is expensive and limited in availability. The effects of waxy (high amylopectin) and high protein digestibility (HD) traits in sorghum on injera quality were studied. Eight white tan-plant sorghum lines expressing these traits in various combinations and three normal sorghum types were studied, with teff flour as reference. Descriptive sensory profiling of fresh and stored injera revealed that injera from waxy sorghums were softer, spongier, more flexible and rollable compared to injera from normal sorghum and much closer in these important textural attributes to teff injera. Instrumental texture analysis of injera similarly showed that waxy sorghum injera had lower stress and higher strain than injera from normal sorghum. The improved injera textural quality was probably due to the slower retrogradation and better water-holding of amylopectin starch. The HD trait, however, did not clearly affect injera quality, probably because the lines had only moderately higher protein digestibility. In conclusion, waxy sorghum flour has considerable potential for the production of gluten-free sourdough fermented flatbread-type products with good textural functionality.
2
Tadesse, Mulugeta. "The Developmental Patterns of Injera Baking Stoves: Review on the Efficiency, and Energy Consumption in Ethiopia." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488360/ijme-v7i1p102.
Abstract:
Injera will continue to be the staple food for Ethiopians and Eritreans and some parts in east Africa in years to come. In order to efficiently bake Injera using various types of stoves, research and development work for Injera baking have been conducted so far and is critical. The use of energy sources is dominantly biomass is used for Injera baking followed by electricity yet. Electricity is mainly used in urban dwellers of the country which is limited one. Alternative energy sources such as solar thermal and biogas can be used for baking Injera alternatively. There are different types of Injera baking stoves design in Ethiopia using biomass energy such as open fire three stone stove, Mirt stove (includes improved one with high chimney, stand types), Burayou Injera baking stove Sodo, Awuramba, Tehesh indicating developmental patterns of stove based on the aim to reduce specific fuel consumption as well as efficiency by reducing energy losses during baking. Thus, it is determined that the average specific fuel consumption of three stone open fire was 929 g/kg of Injera, Mirt stove is 535g/kg of Injera, Gonziye is 617 g/kg of Injera, Awuramba is 573 g/kg of Injera while Sodo is 900 g/kg of Injera. The other Injera baking stoves were developed for baking Injera using solar thermal energy and biogas sources are designed to attain the average required surface temperature of Injera baking pan or Mitad. It is found that the average surface temperature of the concentric type solar thermal Injera baking stove is 148 oC, parabolic type solar Injera baking stove is 200 oC, electric stove is 225 oC using 3.75 KW electricity, WASS electrical is 220 oC consuming 1.4 KW electricity and biogas 210 oC. Further investigation needed to continue the developmental patterns of Injera baking system by improving the efficiency of the stove by reducing energy losses there has needed that the baking pan or Mitad to be improved.
3
Dereje, Nebiyu, Gadise Bekele, Yemisrach Nigatu, Yoseph Worku, and Roger P. Holland. "Glycemic Index and Load of Selected Ethiopian Foods: An Experimental Study." Journal of Diabetes Research 2019 (December 26, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8564879.
Abstract:
Background. Determining the glycemic index and load of foods has significant impact on meal planning for diabetes. However, there is no data on the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of Ethiopian foods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the glycemic index and glycemic load of Teff Injera, Corn Injera, and White Wheat Bread. Methods. Experimental study design was conducted among selected healthy adults. Teff Injera, Corn Injera, and White Wheat Bread were selected as test foods for the study, and glucose was used as the reference food. The postprandial glucose concentrations in the blood were recorded at 0, 15, 30, 45, 90, and 120 minutes. The relative glycemic index of each food was calculated, and the presence of statistical difference in glycemic index among the three foods was analyzed. Results. The mean age of the participants was 23 years (±1.6 years). The glycemic indexes of Teff Injera, White Wheat Bread, and Corn Injera were 36 (low), 46 (low), and 97 (high), respectively, and the glycemic loads were 7 (low), 14 (moderate), and 22 (high), respectively. There was a significant difference in glycemic index and load among the three food items (p<0.001). Teff Injera had a much lower glycemic index and load compared with Corn Injera (p<0.001) and White Wheat Bread (p=0.03). Conclusions. Teff Injera and White Wheat Bread have low glycemic index and are recommended to be consumed by diabetic patients, whereas Corn Injera has high glycemic index and is not recommended for diabetic patients. Therefore, Teff Injera should be considered globally in the dietary modification programs for diabetes.
4
Dagnaw, Hayelom Berhe, Ashagrie Zewdu Woldegiorgis, and Kebebew Assefa Kebede. "Influence of nitrogen fertilizer rate and variety on tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] nutritional composition and sensory quality of a staple bread (Injera)." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): e0295491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295491.
Abstract:
In Ethiopia, tef is one of the major staple crops used as a basic raw material for food development such as stable bread called injera. Studies reported that imbalanced N fertilizer reduces the overall deliciousness of grains. Nowadays nitrogenous fertilizers are considered as the source of variation for the quality of injera, Ethiopian traditional flat bread. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of N fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1) on grain nutrition and sensory quality of injera of three tef varieties of (Kora, Boset, and Asgori). The experiment was conducted in main cropping season in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and Di-ammonium Phosphate was used in the same dose. Crop attribute parameters were determined using standard methods. Sensory quality and color of injera were determined by panelists and injera eye software respectively. Results showed that only protein content increased with nitrogen rates, while carbohydrate decreased significantly at (P < 0.05). Kora at the control plot (K0) had better color, flavor, texture, and taste values of injera, but they decreased with nitrogen rates. Injera from white tef varieties had a better acceptance as compared with Asgori red tef variety. Injera eye software indicated that the color of injera was significantly affected by varieties. Kora had a higher (55.74) lightness value followed by Boset (54.71), and Asgori (51.26). Injera from the Asgori variety had a maximum red color. Kora and Boset had higher yellow color on the control plot, but for Asgori it increased with the nitrogen rate.
5
Yohannis, Eyosiyas. "Design of Solar Thermal Injera Baking System Using Nanofluid as Heat Transfer Fluid." American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics 1, no. 1 (July 17, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v1i1.294.
Abstract:
Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources since it is free, available at all locations, and non-polluting. During the traditional biomass Injera baking process kitchen environment is highly polluted with soot and smoke that affect the health of household inhabitants. In addition to that, it will highly contribute to climate change. The source for fuel wood is forest and due to deforestation, desertification and soil degradation will happen. The use of solar energy with nanofluid can enhance the system efficiency and remove all problems mentioned above. On this article solar thermal injera baking system by using nanofluid as heat transfer media is designed. Total amount of energy required for a single baking period is by considering average family size of five and each will consume three injera per day the total amount of injera required per day is 15 injera, for three days 45 injera. From the design process it was observed that the use of nanofluid reduce the size of commoponanats when we compare with other types of conventional fluids. The use of nanofluid for the solar thermal injera baking method reduces the time required for the baking process.
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Mihrete, Yimer. "The Mineral Content and Sensory Properties of Injera Made from the Faba Bean, Sorghum and Tef Flour Blend." International Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 2 (May 21, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-19-2629.
Abstract:
The effects of 55-70% teff (Eragrostis tef), 20-30% sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and 5-15% faba bean (Viciafaba) flours blending ratio and fermentation time (24, 48 and 72 h) with custom design on iron, zinc and calcium contents and sensory properties of injera were investigated using 100% teff injera as a control. The mixture of faba bean and sorghum with tef significantly increased the iron, zinc and calcium contents of the blended injera. High iron (22.66 mg/100 g), zinc (23.81 mg/100 g) and calcium (187.25 mg/100 g) contents were obtained from 55% tef, 30% sorghum and 15% faba bean blended injera fermented for 72 h. Sensory acceptability of all blended injera scored a mean rating well above the average, which is an indicative of the goodness as products. The most preferred injera by panelists was produced from tef flour combined with 20% sorghum and 10% faba bean flours fermented for 72 h.
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Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Maren M. Fischer, Ines M. Egli, Christophe Zeder, Michael B. Zimmermann, and Richard F. Hurrell. "Addition of Whole Wheat Flour During Injera Fermentation Degrades Phytic Acid and Triples Iron Absorption from Fortified Tef in Young Women." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 10 (August 17, 2020): 2666–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa211.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Background Iron deficiency is a major public health concern in Ethiopia, where the traditional diet is based on tef injera. Iron absorption from injera is low due to its high phytic acid (PA) content. Objectives We investigated ways to increase iron absorption from FeSO4-fortified tef injera in normal-weight healthy women (aged 21–29 y). Methods Study A (n = 22) investigated the influence on fractional iron absorption (FIA) from FeSO4-fortified injera of 1) replacing 10% tef flour with whole wheat flour (a source of wheat phytase), or 2) adding an isolated phytase from Aspergillus niger. Study B (n = 18) investigated the influence on FIA of replacing FeSO4 in tef injera with different amounts of NaFeEDTA. In both studies, the iron fortificants were labeled with stable isotopes and FIA was calculated from erythrocyte incorporation of stable iron isotopes 14 d after administration. Results In study A, the median (IQR) FIA from the 100% tef injera meal was 1.5% (0.7–2.8%). This increased significantly (P < 0.05) to 5.3% (2.4–7.1%) on addition of 10% whole wheat flour, and to 3.6% (1.6–6.2%) on addition of A. niger phytase. PA content of the 3 meals was 0.62, 0.20, and 0.02 g/meal, respectively. In study B, the median (IQR) FIA from the 100% tef injera meal was 3.3% (1.1–4.4%) and did not change significantly (P > 0.05) on replacing 50% or 75% of FeSO4 with NaFeEDTA. Conclusions FIA from tef injera by young women was very low. NaFeEDTA was ineffective at increasing iron absorption, presumably due to the relatively low EDTA:Fe molar ratios. Phytate degradation, however, greatly increased during tef fermentation on addition of native or isolated phytases. Replacing 10% tef with whole wheat flour during injera fermentation tripled FIA in young women and should be considered as a potential strategy to improve iron status in Ethiopia.
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Ashagrie, Z., and D. Abate. "Improvement of injera shelf life through the use of chemical preservatives." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 53 (August 3, 2012): 6409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.53.10910.
Abstract:
Mould spoilage is a serious problem that affect s the shelf life of injera , the staple Ethiopian fermented bread. Injera is made from teff ( Eragrostis tef ) but other cereals may also be used in combination with teff. About two- third of Ethiopian diet consists of injera and it accounts for about two -third s of the daily protein intake of the Ethiopian population. I njera has a high nutritional value, as it is rich in calcium and iron. Unfortunately, injera has a shelf life of only 3-4 days essentially due to mould spoilage. The use of weak organic acid as preservative is allowed in acidic foods, primarily as mould inhibitor s. In this study, the effect of chemical preservatives such as benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and calcium propionate were investigated to prolong shelf life of injera . The preservatives were added immediately before baking at the concentration of 0.1% of benzoic acid, 0.1% sodium benzoate, 0.2% of potassium sorbate, 0.3% of calcium propionate and 0.2% blend of the four as recommended by Food and Drug Administration of USA. Three fungal species: Aspergillus niger , Penicillium sp and Rhizopus sp were found to be responsible for injera spoilage. Penicillium and Rhizopus were more dominant at storage temperature of between 16- 20 0 C, while Aspergillus niger was found to be more dominant at higher temperature of 25 -32 0 C. Injera samples had a pH and moisture content between 3.38- 3.45 and 62- 65%, respectively. Anti -fungal activities of the preservatives investigated significantly prolonged the shelf life of injera for up to12 days. It was found out that the effectiveness of preservation was ranked as sodium benzoate>benzoic acid>potassium sorbate>blend>calcium propionate showing that benzoate and benzoic acid are the most effective. The outcome of the research has a significant implication in food security, energy utilization and a significant reduction in the amount of time used by women to produce injera
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Yisak, Hagos, Andargie Belete, Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi, Mesfin Redi-Abshiro, and Estifanos Ele Yaya. "Ascorbic Acid Content and Antioxidant Activities of White and Brown Teff [Eragrostic tef (Zucc.)Trotter] Grains and Injera." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2023 (March 27, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4751207.
Abstract:
Teff [Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter] is a cereal grain originating in Ethiopia as a staple food for millions of people. Its grain is a gluten-free superfood and got acceptance as a medicinal ingredient. Therefore, it is worthwhile to determine the antioxidative activities and L-ascorbic acid contents of teff grain and its baked food (injera). This study aimed to determine the ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant activities in the aqueous extract of the white and brown teff grains and their injera samples using iodimetric titration and UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods, respectively. The ascorbic acid contents in the white and brown teff ranged from 67.9–112.6 mg/100 g and 69.2–117.2 mg/100 g, respectively, and those in injera of the selected teff samples ranged from 30.5–32.9 mg/100 g and 37.3–43.0 mg/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activities ranged from 1.26–7.04 μmol AAE/g for the white teff grains, 1.44–6.29 μmol AAE/g for the brown teff grains, 1.81–2.47 μmol AAE/g for white teff injera, and 3.89–4.86 μmol AAE/g for the brown teff injera samples. Findings of the present study have revealed that white teff and brown teff grains and their injera were found to have a higher content of ascorbic acid than commonly consumed grains and vegetables. No significant difference (α = 0.05) has been observed between the two varieties of teff grains with respect to the ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activities. However, there was a statistically significant difference (α = 0.05) in the ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activities between the teff grains and their injera samples. Therefore, this study indicated that teff grains and injera are rich in ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activities as compared to other cereal grains and are very crucial for human nutrition and health.
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HAILE, ABEBE, NEGUSSIE RETTA, and CHERINET ABUYE CHERINET ABUYE. "Sensory and Nutrient Composition Evaluations of Ethiopian Staple Meal (Injera) Prepared From Quality Protein Maize, Teff and Cassava Composite Flours." Berhan International Research Journal of Science and Humanities 1 (January 24, 2020): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.61593/dbu.birjsh.01.01.40.
Abstract:
This study evaluated the proximate and sensory properties of traditionally fermented maize-teff-cassava flour blended product (Injera). The composite flour were formulated as: the negative control sample had 100% whole teff flour while other samples had 10 % maize flour and 10, 20, 30, 40, 45 and 50% of cassava flour. The blended flour product Injera was analyzed for proximate composition and organoleptic evaluation, using standard methods and data generated were statistically analyzed. The percentage composition analysis of composite flour Injera crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, moisture content and carbohydrate were ranged from 6.37 ± 0.49 to 8.67 ± 0.68, 0.66 ± 0.13 to 1.84 ± 0.07, 3.66 ± 0.06 to 4.08 ± 0.09, 1.60 ± 0.01 to 1.84 ± 0.01, 7.03 ± 0.06 to 8.08 ± 0.05 and 80.58 ± 0.44 to 83.85 ± 0.60, respectively. The blended flour food product Injera nutritional values were found to be estimated to cover energy of 15 % (MTC2, 373 of 2500 kcal) daily recommended RDA value that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98 %) healthy individuals in each age and gender group of adult man (age, 19-50). The pH value for the whole teff Injera (3.38) was lower than other blended composite flours. The blend MTC1-4 samples of the attributes had score above the mean (3.5) of the maximum score 7 of the scale. Thus, maize (10%) and (10, 20, 30 & 40%) cassava flour substitutions for teff flour did not reduce the sensory quality of the Injera sample.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Injera":
1
Deribew, Henok. "The roles of bacteria in tackling folate and cobalamin deficiency : From food fermentation to the gut microbiota." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONG036.
Abstract:
Les carences en folate (vitamine B9) et en cobalamine (vitamine B12) provoquent des problèmes de santé, notamment dans les pays en développement où les régimes alimentaires à base de produits végétaux sont source de folates mais dépourvus de cobalamine. Une consommation insuffisante d'aliments d'origine animale, principale sources de cobalamine, est également préoccupante dans les pays développés en raison d’évolutions des habitudes alimentaires vers une baisse de la consommation de produits animaux pour des raisons environnementales ou éthiques. Certaines bactéries peuvent synthétiser ces vitamines lors de la fermentation alimentaire et dans le tractus digestif humain. Cependant, leur rôle dans les aliments fermentés à base de céréales et leur potentiel de production de folate dans le tractus gastro-intestinal est peu exploré. Par conséquent, cette thèse a pour objectifs d’explorer la contribution potentielle des bactéries à la diminution des carences en folates et en cobalamine. Premièrement, les teneurs en folates et en cobalamine de l'injera, un aliment de base traditionnel éthiopien à base de céréales fermentées à base de teff, ont été mesurées. Sa consommation permettrait de couvrir 5% à 23% des apports en folate recommandés pour les femmes en âge de procréer. Cependant, la cobalamine présente dans l'injera était biologiquement inactive chez les humains. Les bactéries lactiques étaient majoritaires pendant la fermentation de l'injera, et certaines espèces étaient corrélées aux taux de folate et de cobalamine. Deuxièmement, la faisabilité d'augmenter la teneur en folate et en cobalamine dans l'injera a été explorée en utilisant des souches bactériennes productrices de folate et de cobalamine a été explorée. L’utilisation individuelle de chaque souche permettait d’augmenter les taux de folate et de cobalamine dans la pâte d'injera y compris après plusieurs cycle de repiquage par pied de cuve, atteignant les apports recommandés en cobalamine et jusqu'à 29 % de folate pour les femmes. Cependant, utilisées ensemble, les souches étaient moins efficaces. Enfin, l'influence de l'alimentation et du microbiote intestinal sur le statut en folate de femmes en âge de procréer (n=10) ont été évaluées. Les participantes ont consommé pendant 3 jours de l'injera enrichi en folate par fermentation ou un régime pauvre en folate à base de riz. La consommation régulière d'injera enrichi en folate couvrait 70,1 % de l'apport en folate recommandé. Au cours de la période de régime pauvre en folate, des concentrations de folate fécaux dépassant l'apport alimentaire ont été observées, indiquant une synthèse de folates par les micro-organismes du tube digestif. Des incubations in vitro des échantillons ont également montré un potentiel variable de production de folate au cours de différentes périodes alimentaires. Cette étude a mis en évidence la relation complexe entre les micro-organismes et leur rôle potentiel dans l'amélioration du statut en folate et en cobalamine des individusFolate (vitamin B9) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiencies have significant health implications, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries where diets rely on starchy staple foods that offer folate but lack cobalamin. Inadequate intake of animal-sourced foods, the primary cobalamin sources, is also a concern in developed countries due to shifting dietary patterns towards plant-based diets. Certain bacteria can synthesize these vitamins in food fermentation and the human gut, yet their roles in cereal-based fermented foods and their folate-producing potential in the gut remain underexplored. Therefore, this thesis aimed to explore the potential contributions of bacteria in addressing folate and cobalamin deficiencies. First, the folate and cobalamin content of injera, a traditional Ethiopian cereal-based fermented staple food prepared from teff through backslopping fermentation, was explored, and shown that injera can provide 5% to 23% of the recommended folate intake for women of reproductive age. However, cobalamin found in injera was biologically inactive in humans. Fermentation was dominated by lactic acid bacteria and, with specific species correlating with folate and cobalamin levels. Second, the feasibility of increasing folate and cobalamin content in injera was explored using folate- and cobalamin-producing bacterial strains. Applying these strains individually significantly increased folate and cobalamin levels in injera dough over multiple backslopping rounds, meeting recommended cobalamin intake and providing up to 29% of folate for women of reproductive age. However, when used together, the strains were less efficient. The evolution of microorganisms, including those present before inoculation, potentially influenced vitamin production. Finally, the influence of diet and gut microbiota on the folate status of reproductive-age women (n=10) was assessed. Participants consumed the folate-enriched injera and a rice-based low-folate diet for 3 days in a crossover design. Regular consumption of folate-enriched injera covered 70.1% of the recommended folate intake. During the period of the low-folate diet, folate concentrations in excess of dietary intake were observed, indicating a significant contribution of microbially synthesized folate. In vitro measurements of folate concentration in fecal matter illustrated varying folate production and consumption capabilities of the gut microbiota among individuals and across different dietary folate intake periods. This study highlighted the complex relationship between microorganisms and their potential roles in improving the folate and cobalamin status of individuals
2
Cates, Darcy Leanne. "Knowledge of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Populations That Self-Injure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/206.
Abstract:
Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined knowledge about non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, in individuals who engage in various degrees of the behavior and those who do not self-injure. Knowledge about NSSI was measured in three groups of respondents: those with no history of self-injurious behavior (no NSSI group), those with more limited experience with NSSI who reported 1-30 incidences of NSSI (limited NSSI group), and those with an extensive history (extensive NSSI group) who reported over 30 incidences of NSSI. To measure knowledge, participants were asked level of agreement with myths and facts about NSSI using Jeffery and Warm’s (2002) knowledge measure. It was hypothesized that the knowledge base would be higher in individuals with more extensive histories of NSSI. Further, individuals with limited histories of NSSI were predicted to have more knowledge than those who have never self-injured. Additionally, this study also hypothesized that the individual item response will vary; depending on extent of NSSI behavior.
Group mean scores on the measure were analyzed for differences using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for the differing group demographic variables of age, sexual orientation, and education level. Results indicated that individuals who have more extensive histories of NSSI evidenced higher mean scores on the measure when controlling for age, sexual orientation and educational level. Individuals with limited histories of NSSI evidenced lower mean scores, and those with no history of NSSI evidenced the lowest scores. In regard to individual item response, items were correlated with seven levels of NSSI (no NSSI, one incident of NSSI, 2-4 incidences, 5-10 incidences, 11-20 incidences, 21-30 incidences and more than 30 incidences). It was found that accuracy was significantly correlated with degree of self-injurious behaviors, with the exception of one item. This item and three additional items also produced weak correlations with other items on the measure. Each item is discussed with regard to group item performance and possible deletions in order to strengthen the measure.
Overall, the results of this investigation supported the reliability and validity of the Jeffery and Warm (2002) knowledge measure for use with individuals who self-injure. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI, the importance of refining and strengthen the measure for this use, and additional research directions.
3
Clinard, Stacey Edwards. "College Students Who Self-Injure: A Study of Knowledge and Perceptions of Self-Injury." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/170.
Abstract:
Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined self-injurious behaviors in a college population. College students, who engage in non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, were expected to evidence a higher knowledge base for the behavior than those who do not. The demographic variables of gender and sexual orientation were predicted to be over represented in the NSSI group. Further, this study examines the perceived riskiness of the behavior in individuals who self-injure, as well as their perceptions of others who engage in NSSI. The survey consisted of four sections: demographics, knowledge ofNSSI, experience with NSSI, and perceptions ofNSSI. Individuals who engage in or have a history of NSSI evidence a higher mean score or better knowledge of the behavior than those who do not. The NSSI population evidences disproportionate numbers of females and individuals with gay, lesbian, and questioning sexual orientations. Further, when examining the perceived riskiness of self-injury, the NSSI group views the behavior as less risky than the non self-injury group. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI and additional research directions.
4
Campo, Campo Ma Nazareth. "Evaluacion del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en fetos con cardiopatía fetal aislada, mediante el empleo de power doppler en tres dimensiones con correlación espacio-tiempo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402363.
Abstract:
Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) permanecen como una importante causa de morbimortalidad infantil, es conocido que existe relación entre su diagnóstico y alteracion del neurodesarrollo, los factores directamente implicados en este proceso aun no están identificados, reconocerlos genera un impacto positivo que permitiría una adecuada asesoria genética y establecer mayor oportunidad desde el período neonatal.
Objetivo: Evaluar el flujo sanguíneo cerebral en una cohorte de fetos con CC y fetos sanos en gestantes con características semejantes, Identificando los patrones circulatorios que determinen un pronóstico neonatal adverso, en los fetos con CC aislada.
Metodologia estudio prospectivo de cohorte de gestantes ingresadas al programa de anomalías cardíacas congénitas (CC) y gestantes con fetos sanos, de la Unidad de Medicina Fetal, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana (Medellín – Colombia), durante el periodo 2010 – 2016. Mediante la medición del flujo sanguíneo cerebral a través de la herramienta 3D Power Doppler (3DPwD).
Resultados: Se analizaron 108 pacientes, 52 casos - 56 controles. La validez interna de la herramienta se realizó en fetos normales. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase, fue de 0.89 95% (IC 0.7574 - 0.9474). Pearson ρ 0.8867 y factor de corrección de sesgos Cb (Precisión) 0.9980.
Las características maternas basales fueron similares en ambos grupos, en características perinatales, hubo diferencia estadisticamente significativa, la edad gestacional al nacer, una media de 37.6 (SD 1,1) en CC vs 38,6 (S D1.2) en sanos, (p 0.001). El peso al nacer 2816.6 gr (SD 443.9) vs 3106.8 (SD 281.3) respectivamente, (p 0.001), la via del parto fue cesárea, 63.5 % vs 12,5 % de los sanos (p 0.001). A los 2 grupos se les realizó dos evaluaciones de los indices de flujos sanguíneo cerebral, 24-26 y 34-36 semanas: índice de vascularización (VI), índice de flujo (FI) y el índice de vascularización - flujo (VFI). Las variables tuvieron una distribución normal, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa al evaluar el IVF en el segundo y tercer trimestre entre los recien nacidos con CC y sanos, un valor IVF Medio 36.06 (DS 6.92) vs 32.14 (DS 6.49) respectivamente, (p 0.003) y al final IVF 41.62 (DS 6.6) vs 38.74 (DS 4.49), (p 0.032). El IF del segundo trimestre, 12.26 (DS 6.499) vs 9.38 (DS 4.4) respectivamente, (p 0.009). El Doppler pulsado, el apgar, el tono, el color y los reflejos mostraron diferencia entre los grupos.
Conclusion Los fetos con CC presentan procesos en útero que llevan a mayor riesgo de cambios hemodinámicos desfavorables y alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo. Identificar estos factores de riesgo en la vida prenatal pemitiría mecanismos estratégicos que lleven a una adaptación neonatal en mejores condiciones y plantear un seguimiento estricto que incluya el screening neurológico desde muy temprana edad.Congenital Cardiopathies (CC) remain as an important morbimortality cause in children, the relation between their diagnosis and an alteration of the neurodevelopement is known. Directly implicated factors in this process are still not identified, recognizing them generates a positive impact which would allow an adecuate genetic assessment and to stablish a more significant opportunity since the neonatal period. Objective: Evaluating Cerebral blood flow in a Cohort of fetuses with CC and healthy fetuses from pregnant women with similar characteristics, identifying circulatory patterns which determine an adverse neonatal prognosis in fetuses with isolated CC. Methodology: Cohort prospective study of pregnant women admitted to the Congenital Cardiac Anomalies program (CC) and pregnant women with healthy fetuses from the Fetal Medicine Unit, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana (Medellín – Colombia) during the period 2010 – 2014 by measuring Cerebral blood flow through 3D Power Doppler (3DPwD) tool. Results: 108 patients were analyzed, 52 cases – 56 controls. The internal validity of the tool was carried out in normal fetuses. The intra class correlation coefficient was 0.89 95% (IC 0.7574 - 0.9474). Pearson ρ 0.8867 and a bias correction Factor Cb (Precision) 0.9980. Baseline maternal characteristics were similar in both groups; regarding perinatal characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference, gestational age at birth, median of 37.6 (SD 1,1) in CC vs 38,6 (S D1.2) in healthy, (p 0.001). weight at birth 2816.6 grs (SD 443.9) vs 3106.8 grs (SD 281.3), respectively, (p 0.001), the delivery route was cesarean, 63.5 % vs 12,5 % of the healthy (p 0.001). Both groups underwent two Cerebral blood flow index evaluations, 24-26 and 34-36 weeks: vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization – flow index (VFI). Variables had a normal distribution, a statistically significant difference was found when evaluating the VFI in the second and third trimester among newborns with CC and the healthy, a mean VFI value of 36.06 (DS 6.92) vs 32.14 (DS 6.49), respectively, (p 0.003) and in the end VFI 41.62 (DS 6.6) vs 38.74 (DS 4.49), (p 0.032). The FI of the second trimester, 12.26 (DS 6.499) vs 9.38 (DS 4.4) respectively, (p 0.009). Pulsed Doppler, the apgar, tone, color and reflexes showed difference between the groups. Conclusion: Fetuses with CC present in uterus processes which lead to a higher risk of hemodynamic unpromising changes and neurodevelopment alterations. Identifying these risk factors in the prenatal life will allow strategic mechanisms leading to a neonatal adaptation in better conditions and to set out a strict follow up which includes neurologic screening from an early age.
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Junqueira, Luis Renato [UNESP]. "Quantificação de danos causados por Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera:Thaumastocoridae) em eucalipto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144403.
Abstract:
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Introduzido no início do século XX, o eucalipto, se adaptou bem a diversos locais no Brasil, sendo hoje o gênero florestal mais plantado no país. Dentre suas inúmeras utilizações, destacam-se a produção de celulose, papel, carvão e chapas de fibras. Desde o início dos anos 2000 houve a introdução de pragas exóticas, que devido à ausência competição e controle natural e presença de alimento e clima apropriados, tornaram-se problemas para os cultivos de eucalipto. Dentre as pragas introduzidas no país, destaca-se o percevejo bronzeado do eucalipto, Thaumastocoris peregrinus. Esta espécie teve sua detecção no Brasil em 2008 e desde então já atacou mais de 500 mil hectares de florestas. Contudo, ainda não existem informações consolidadas sobre as perdas ocasionas pelo seu ataque. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram quantificar a perda em produção de madeira causada por T. peregrinus sob duas situações: (1) utilizando-se como hospedeiro um mesmo clone em duas idades diferentes e (2) utilizando-se dois clones de eucalipto distintos em uma mesma idade. Para isolar o ataque de T. peregrinus os ensaios foram conduzidos em parcelas pareadas com aplicação de calda inseticida para proteger algumas parcelas de seu ataque. Para quantificar o impacto do ataque por T. peregrinus foram contados o número de insetos em folhas e armadilhas, mensuradas o crescimento em diâmetro e altura das árvores com posterior cálculo de volume. Os resultados mostraram redução em diâmetro, altura e volume devido ao ataque de T. peregrinus, com a técnica de aplicação de inseticidas pulverizados sendo mais eficiente que o método de drench. Como conclusões a perda potencial causada por T. peregrinus levando-se em consideração apenas um pico populacional da praga foi de R$ 1,4 mil/hectare.
Introduced in the early twentieth century, eucalypt has adapted well to different locations in Brazil, being the most planted genus in the country. Among its many uses, it highlights the production of pulp, paper, coal and fiberboard. Since early 2000s the introduction of exotic pests which encountered no competition or natural enemies and presence of food and suitable climate have become pests for eucalypt plantations. Among the main pests introduced in Brazil is the bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus. Its first detection in Brazil was in 2008 and since then it has attacked more than 500 thousands hectares of eucalypt forest. However, there are no consolidated information about growth losses caused by its attack. The objectives of this study were to quantify the loss in wood production caused by T. peregrinus in two situations: (1) using as a host the same material in two different ages and (2) using two different Eucalyptus materials in the same age. To isolate T. peregrinus attack the experiment were conducted in twin plots with insecticide spraying to protect trees from T. peregrinus attack. To quantify the impact caused by T. peregrinus attack the number of insects were counted on leaves and traps, the growth on diameter and height of trees were measured for subsequent volume calculation. The results showed a reduction in diameter, height and volume due to the attack of T. peregrinus. Insecticide spraying method got better results than drench method. As conclusions the potential loss caused by T. peregrinus taking into consideration only one pest outbreak was R$ 1.400, 00/ hectare.
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Souza, Erika Regina de. "Injúrias orofaciais no esporte e uso de protetores bucais: um estudo em atletas do Estado de São Paulo, 2009." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-18112010-110038/.
Abstract:
Aspectos como a prevalência e incidência de injúrias orofaciais ocorridas no esporte e a prevalência do uso de protetores bucais são temas que vem ganhando destaque na Odontologia do Esporte e na Odontologia do Trabalho, uma vez que grande parcela dos atletas pratica as modalidades profissionalmente. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de injúrias orofaciais em esportistas profissionais e amadores. Foi realizado um levantamento epidemiológico com participantes dos Jogos Abertos do Interior, em 2009. Foram coletadas informações sobre prevalência de injúrias orofaciais e o uso de protetores bucais na prática esportiva de oito modalidades diferentes, fatores associados e qualidade de vida também foram investigados. Os dados foram analisados no pacote estatístico STATA e para verificar fatores associados foi realizada a Regressão Multivariada de Poisson, com nível de significância de 95%. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da FOUSP. Participaram do estudo 315 atletas, sendo 59,37% do gênero feminino e 50,90% amadores. Em relação às injúrias orofaciais na prática esportiva, 42,57% afirmaram já terem sofrido alguma injúria e dentre estes atletas 82,79% não utilizavam o protetor bucal no momento do acidente. Dentre os atletas que utilizavam o protetor bucal, 81,13% não apresentaram qualquer dificuldade. Em relação à qualidade de vida associada à condição de saúde bucal, a média do OHIP foi 2,98. A idade, gênero e condição sócio econômica não se mostraram associados à prevalência das injúrias. Podemos concluir que a experiência de injúria orofacial foi alta, a utilização de protetores bucais por atletas foi baixa e que os atletas participantes dos JAI 2009 têm uma ótima qualidade de vida em relação à saúde bucal.Aspects such as the prevalence and incidence of orofacial injuries occurring in sport and the prevalence of use of the mouthguards are issues that have gained prominence in Sports Dentistry and Labour Dentistry, since that a big part of the athletes are practicing the modalities professionally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries in professional and amateur athletes. An epidemiological survey was realized with the participants of the Jogos Abertos do Interior 2009. Data on the prevalence of orofacial injuries and use of mouthguards in sports were collected in eight different modalities; associated factors and quality of life were also investigated. The data were analyzed with STATA software and to verify the associated factors it was realized the Multivariate Poisson Regression with a significance level of 95%. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of FOUSP. Study participants were 315 athletes, 59.37% female and 50.90% amateurs. In relation to orofacial injuries in sports, 42.57% said they had suffered any injure and among these athletes 82.79% did not use a mouthguard at the time of the accident. Among the athletes who used the mouthguard, 81, 13% did not present any difficult. Regarding quality of life associated with oral health condition, the average in OHIP was 2.98. The age, gender and socio economic status were not associated with the prevalence of injuries. We can conclude that the experience of orofacial injury was high, the use of mouthguards for athletes was low and that athletes participating in the 2009 JAI have a superb quality of life in relation to oral health.
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Carter, Jarrod W. "Compressive cervical spine injury : the effect of injury mechanism on structural injury pattern and neurologic injury potential /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8010.
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Cunha, Aline de Souza Silva. "Dietholate no tratamento de sementes de gramíneas forrageiras." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8236.
Abstract:
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The aim was to evaluate the protective effect of dietholate on selectivity of clomazone herbicide in forage grasses (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and cv. Massai). The experimental design was carried out in randomized blocks, and the treatments were arranged in a 5 X 3 factorial scheme with, 4 repetitions. The first factor corresponded to safener doses applied to the seeds (0, 600, 1200, 2400 e 3000 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds) and the second factor corresponded to the clomazone herbicide doses (0,720 and 1440 g i.a ha-1). It was evaluated the following aspects: visual injury levels within 7, 14 and 28 days after emergency (DAE), tiller number and volumetric density of dry matter (VDDM). Dietholate provides protection to the phytotoxic effects of clomazone herbicide on the species Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa humidicola and Urochloa ruziziensis, at doses of 600, 1.200 and 2.400 mL 100 kg-1 of seeds. The utilization of safener on the species Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Massai shows protective activity specially at doses of 600 and 1.200 100 kg-1 of seeds. The results for injury on the plants indicate significant importance of dietholate as seed safener, for the use of clomazone herbicide on pasture areas.
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito protetor do dietholate na seletividade do herbicida clomazone em gramíneas forrageiras (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum cv. Massai e Mombaça). O delineamento experimental foi estabelecido em blocos casualizados, e os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu às doses do protetor aplicadas às sementes (0, 600, 1,200, 2400 e 3000 mL 100 kg de sementes-1) e o segundo fator correspondeu às doses do herbicida clomazone a 0, 720 e 1440 g i.a. ha-1. Foram avaliados níveis de injúria visual aos 7, 14 e 28 dias após a emergência (DAE), número de perfilhos e densidade volumétrica de matéria seca (DVMS). O dietholate apresenta proteção aos efeitos fitotóxicos do herbicida clomazone sobre as espécies Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa humidicola e Urochloa ruziziensis nas doses de 600, 1.200 e 2.400 mL 100 kg-1 sementes. Para as espécies Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Massai a utilização do safener exibe atividade protetora principalmente nas doses de 600 e 1.200 mL 100 kg-1 sementes. Os resultados de injúria sobre as plantas indicam importância significativa do dietholate como protetor de sementes, para o uso do herbicida clomazone em áreas de pastagens.
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Miranda, Adriana Regina. "Avaliação da expressão e localização da conexina 43 na injúria isquêmica renal aguda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-25082011-162151/.
Abstract:
As células necessitam do contato com outras células e com a matriz extracelular, para a formação de tecidos. As junções gap são estreitos canais que conectam o citoplasma de células adjacentes, promovendo a passagem de íons orgânicos, aminoácidos, nucleotídeos e outros metabólitos. Estas junções são compostas por dois conexons ou hemicanais, que atravessam a membrana plasmática da célula a que pertencem, e são compostos por seis proteínas integrais de membrana denominadas conexinas (Cxs). A Cx43 é a mais expressa, e é fosforilada ao longo do ciclo de vida, sofrendo mudanças conformacionais, resultando em diferentes isoformas (P0, P1 e P2), apresentando propriedades distintas. A Cx43 apresenta-se distribuída em todo o rim adulto. A injúria renal aguda (IRA) é uma síndrome metabólica em que ocorre redução aguda da função renal e rápida diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular, sendo hipóxia decorrente da isquemia sua causa principal. A restrição de oxigênio e nutrientes, e o acúmulo de metabólitos, resultam na injúria das células epiteliais tubulares. A depleção dos níveis de ATP, aumento nos níveis de cálcio intracelular, alterações na membrana e deformações no citoesqueleto caracterizam esta injúria. A reoxigenação tecidual atua como agressão adicional devido à liberação de radicais livres. Estudos sugerem que a ativação de hemicanais de Cx43, resultante da desfosforilação da proteína, durante depleção de ATP, esteja envolvida na IRA. Este trabalho verificou o envolvimento da Cx43 em modelo murino desta injúria, ocasionada por isquemia/reperfusão. Foram utilizados camundongos machos da linhagem C57BL/6J. A isquemia foi induzida por clampeamento das artérias renais por 45 minutos. A reperfusão ocorreu durante 24 horas após cirurgia. Foram utilizados 6 animais por grupo (isquêmicos, reperfundidos e controle). Após sacrifício, fragmentos dos rins foram submetidos a ensaios de western blot, PCR em tempo real, imuno-histoquímica e imunofluorescência. O modelo experimental foi validado através da dosagem de uréia e creatinina plasmática. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pela análise de variância (ANOVA), seguido do teste de Bonferroni. Observou-se aumento significativo dos níveis de uréia e creatinina nos animais isquêmicos e reperfundidos, em relação ao controle. A expressão gênica apresentou aumento significativo apenas nos rins de camundongos reperfundidos (1,9 vezes; P<0,01 vs controle). No western blot verificou-se aumento na quantidade da isoforma hiperfosforilada da Cx43 (P2) em rins isquêmicos (2,73 vezes; P<0,05 vs controle), com diminuição significativa nos reperfundidos (2,37 vezes; P<0,05 vs isquêmico). Nas isoformas menos fosforiladas (P1/P0), observou-se aumento nos rins isquêmicos (2,33 vezes; P<0,05 vs controle), com diminuição nos reperfundidos (10 vezes; P<0,01 vs isquêmico). Nos ensaios imuno-histológicos verificou-se diferentes localizações da Cx43 nas células epiteliais de túbulos corticais nos grupos comparados. Nos controles verificou-se distribuição difusa, e nos isquêmicos observou-se intensa marcação em superfície celular apical. Nos rins reperfundidos, a distribuição da Cx43 foi basolateral. As alterações observadas na expressão gênica, fosforilação protéica e distribuição da Cx43 nos rins foram semelhantes às mudanças observadas na isquemia cardíaca. Este estudo mostrou pela primeira vez a regulação da Cx43 em níveis transcricionais e pós-traducionais, e sua localização celular na IRA ocasionada por isquemia/reperfusão, indicando sua participação neste processo.The cells require contact with other cells and the extracellular matrix for tissue formation. Gap junctions are narrow channels connecting the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells, promoting the passage of inorganic ions, amino acids, nucleotides and other metabolites. These junctions are composed of two conexons or hemichannels, crossing the cell plasma membrane where they belong, and consist of six integral membrane proteins called connexins (Cxs). The Cx43 is the most expressed, and is phosphorylated throughout the life cycle, undergoing conformational changes, resulting in different isoforms (P0, P1 and P2) that have different properties. The Cx43 is distributed throughout the adult kidney. The acute kidney injury (AKI) is a metabolic syndrome that occurs in acute reduction of renal function and rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate. Hypoxia resulting from ischemia is its principal cause. The restriction of oxygen and nutrients, and accumulation of metabolites, result in the injury of tubular epithelial cells. The depletion of ATP levels, increased levels of intracellular calcium, changes in the membrane and cytoskeleton deformation characterize this injury. Reoxygenation tissue acts as additional injury due to release of free radicals. Studies suggest that activation of Cx43 hemichannels, resulting from dephosphorylation of the protein during ATP depletion, is involved in the AKI. This study investigated the involvement of Cx43 in a murine model of this injury, caused by ischemia/ reperfusion. We used male mice of strain C57BL/6J. Ischemia was induced by clamping the renal arteries for 45 minutes. Reperfusion occurred 24 hours after surgery. We used six animals per group (ischemic, reperfused, and sham). After sacrifice, kidney fragments were tested for western blot, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The levels of plasma urea and creatinine were measured to validate the experimental model. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni test. We observed significant increase in serum urea and creatinine in ischemic and reperfused animals compared to sham. Gene expression increased significantly only in the reperfused kidneys (1.9 fold, P <0.01 vs sham). The western blot showed an increase in the amount of hyperphosphorylated isoform of Cx43 (P2) in ischemic kidneys (2.73 times, P <0.05 vs sham), with significant reduction in reperfused (2.37 times, P <0 05 vs ischemic). In the less phosphorylated isoforms (P1/P0), we observed an increase in ischemic kidneys (2.33 times, P <0.05 vs sham), with a decrease in reperfused (10 times, P <0.01 vs ischemic). In immuno-histological tests we verified different locations of Cx43 in the epithelial cells of cortical tubules. In normal kidneys there was patchy distribution, while in ischemic there was intense staining in the apical cell surface. In the reperfused kidney, the distribution of Cx43 was basolateral. The changes in gene expression, protein phosphorylation and distribution of Cx43 in the kidney observed in this study were similar to changes observed in cardiac ischemia. This study showed for the first time the regulation of Cx43 in transcriptional and post-translational levels, and its cellular localization in acute renal failure caused by ischemia/reperfusion, indicating its involvement in this injury.
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Canter, Laura. "Looking at athlete's attitudes toward injury : reporting injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2007. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19828.pdf.
Books on the topic "Injera":
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Paprock, Teresa Peneguy. You can make Injera. [Madison, Wisconsin]: Ethiopian Bridges Publishing, 2011.
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Tolā, Baqalač. Injera variety from crop diversity. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Falcon Printing P.L.C., 2012.
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Sŏ, Yu-gu. Injeji. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Yŏgang Chʻulpʻansa, 1988.
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Apegé. Injuria. Montevideo: Criatura Editora, 2011.
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G, Galley Helen, and Intensive Care Society (Great Britain), eds. Neurological injury. London: BMJ, 2000.
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Aird, Catherine. Injury Time. Bath: Chivers, 1996.
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Exall, Gordon. Personal injury. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1992.
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Yoganandan, Narayan, Alan M. Nahum, and John W. Melvin, eds. Accidental Injury. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1732-7.
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Otte, Andreas. Whiplash Injury. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28356-7.
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Clark, Robert S. B., and Patrick Kochanek, eds. Brain Injury. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1721-4.
Book chapters on the topic "Injera":
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Girma, Mahelet, Sumaya M. Abdullahi, and Benjamin L. Stottrup. "Baking: Injera – the Multi-Eyed Flat Bread." In Handbook of Molecular Gastronomy, 43–46. First edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429168703-9.
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Sileshi, Senay Teshome, Abdulkadir Aman Hassen, and Kamil Dino Adem. "Exergy and Economic Analysis of Modified Mixed Mode Solar Injera Dryer." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 443–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93712-6_30.
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Getnet, Lamesgin Addisu, Addisu Alamirew Meku, Muluken Zegeye Getie, and Mekete Mulualem Mebratu. "Technological Development and Adoption Rates of Injera Baking Stoves: A Review." In Advancement of Science and Technology, 199–223. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33610-2_11.
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Bonger, Zinash Tadesse, Metadel Kassahun Abera, Takele Ayanaw Habitu, Agimassie Agazie Abera, Mesfin Wogayehu Tenagashaw, Deginet Teferi, Abebaw Teshome, Taddele Andarge, Sadik Jemal Awol, and Tadesse Fenta Yehuala. "Identification of Dominant Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast Species from Teff Injera Dough Fermentation." In Advancement of Science and Technology in Sustainable Manufacturing and Process Engineering, 133–62. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41173-1_8.
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Chaubey, Vikas P., Kevin B. Laupland, Christopher B. Colwell, Gina Soriya, Shelden Magder, Jonathan Ball, Jennifer M. DiCocco, et al. "Burn Injury, Inhalation Injury." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 412–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_378.
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Ramirez, Amelie G., Ian M. Thompson, and Leonel Vela. "Injury." In The South Texas Health Status Review, 109–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00233-0_10.
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Citerio, G., C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, et al. "Injury." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1248. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_1755.
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Robertson, Leon S. "Injury." In Handbook of Prevention, 343–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5044-6_15.
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Laing, Gordon S. "Injury." In Accident and Emergency Medicine, 50–68. London: Springer London, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1608-0_3.
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Laverack, Glenn. "Injury." In A–Z of Public Health, 97–100. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-42617-8_39.
Conference papers on the topic "Injera":
1
Hailu, Mesele Hayelom, Ole Jørgen Nydal, Mulu Bayray Kahsay, and Asfafaw Haileselassie Tesfay. "A Direct Solar Fryer for Injera Baking Application." In ISES Solar World Conference 2017 and the IEA SHC Solar Heating and Cooling Conference for Buildings and Industry 2017. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2017.24.02.
2
Liyew, Kassa Wudineh, Nigus Gabbiye Habtu, Yoann Louvet, and Ulrike Jordan. "A Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Injera Baking Systems." In ISES Solar World Congress 2021. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2021.31.04.
3
Hassen, Abdulkadir Aman, Demiss Alemu, Ole Jorgen Nydal, and Demiss A. Amibe. "Performance Investigation of Solar Powered Injera Baking Oven for Indoor Cooking." In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.30.08.
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Tesfay, Asfafaw Haileselassie, Ole Jorgen Nydal, and Mulu Bayray Kahsay. "Energy storage integrated solar stove: A case of solar Injera baking in Ethiopia." In 2014 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2014.6970353.
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Birhanu, Gashaw. "Development of a Thermal Storage System for Solar PV Based Injera Baking Application." In SWC 2023 - ISES Solar World Congress 2023. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2023.07.01.
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López Galarza, Salvador. "INFLUENCIA DEL INJERTO Y LA RELACIÓN POTASIO/NITRÓGENO SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DEL TOMATE VALENCIANO." In I CONGRÉS DE LA TOMACA VALENCIANA: LA TOMACA VALENCIANA DEL PERELLÓ. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/tomaval2017.2017.6521.
Abstract:
En el presente trabajo se estudió la influencia del injerto (plantas injertadas en el portainjerto ‘Maxifort’ (L. esculentum x L. Hirsutum), plantas auto-injertadas y plantas sin injertar) y de dos soluciones nutritivas con diferentes ratios N/K (1.3 y 1.8) en parámetros de producción y calidad del fruto en la variedad tradicional de tomate valenciano. El efecto del injerto no se hizo notar en la producción total pero sí en la distribución de los calibres, produciendo las plantas injertadas un porcentaje mayor de frutos de primera y un menor porcentaje de frutos de segunda y tercera respecto de las plantas sin injertar. No se encontraron diferencias en el número total de frutos por planta, pero si en el peso medio total del fruto, siendo mayor en las plantas injertadas. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la presencia de fisiopatías. Respecto al efecto de la solución nutritiva, el equilibrio N/K=1.3, dio lugar a una mayor producción de frutos de primera no observándose diferencias en el resto de los calibres ni en la presencia de fisiopatías. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros de calidad ni en el factor injerto ni en el factor solución. El uso del injerto y el manejo de solución nutritiva pueden ser dos buenas herramientas a la hora de aumentar el porcentaje de frutos de primera en tomate valenciano sin que se vean afectadas sus características de calidad.
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Leung, Lai Yee, Pamela J. VandeVord, Warren Hardy, Roche De Guzman, King H. Yang, and Albert I. King. "Effects of Short Duration Overpressure on Astrocytes: An In Vitro Study." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176202.
Abstract:
Blast wave overpressure from detonations can injure physiological systems ‘silently.’ Experimental and clinical studies have revealed the damaging effects of shock waves on different physiological systems, such as ears, lungs and gastrointestinal tracts [1, 2]. Despite the improved helmet and body armor, many veterans returning from wars suffered from neurological disorders that are being diagnosed as mild traumatic brain injury. Warden (2006) reported that most of these veterans were exposed to blast [3]. In vivo study illustrated neuronal degeneration in the brain after exposure to blast waves [4]. As with many neuronal diseases, blast-induced neuronal injury may be related to microglia and astrocyte activation. However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of short duration overpressure on astrocytes, in terms of cell proliferation and mRNA expression of several apoptotic genes and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
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Friedman, Donald, and Garrett Mattos. "The Effect of Static Roof Crush Tests Relative to Real World Rollover Injury Potential." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38688.
Abstract:
Rollover crashworthiness for passenger vehicles is currently evaluated by the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 216 static roof strength compliance test. However, research clearly shows that the static test is inadequate in evaluating a vehicle’s injury potential performance in a real-world rollover event. Studies previously conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) show a general relationship between a vehicle’s Strength-to-Weight-Ratio (SWR) and its real world injury potential. Although this general relationship is fairly accurate for most vehicles, there are many individual vehicle anomalies. The real world injury performance of the vehicles which make up these anomalies depends much less on the static roof strength (as measured in a FMVSS 216 test) and more on the dynamic performance of the roof and occupant protection systems during a real world rollover (as simulated on the Jordan Rollover System [JRS]). Repeatable dynamic crash tests are used by IIHS, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) to evaluate the performance of a vehicle in every major crash mode except rollovers. Dynamic tests represent the real world effect of vehicle dynamics, orientation, geometry, roof strength, occupant position and kinematics, restraint and other safety system effectiveness while directly measuring comparative dummy injury criteria. Because National Accident Sampling System (NASS) investigations can only measure the cumulative effect of post crash roof crush, NHTSA has established an empirical relationship that a vehicle with post crash negative headroom (PCNH) is five times more likely to injure the occupant. However, data indicates that the anomalies in head, neck, and spinal cord injury are related to the momentum exchange of dynamic head impact speed and the duration of neck loading in each roll, not the cumulative amount of residual roof crush. This paper suggests a means of comparatively evaluating a vehicle’s dynamic rollover occupant injury potential performance.
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Welch, Tre, Robert C. Eberhart, and Cheng-Jen Chuong. "Thermal Treatment Effects on a PLLA Bioresorbable Stent." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176640.
Abstract:
Stent navigation and expansion may injure vascular endothelium, including vulnerable plaque lesions. Balloon expansion and deployment of a stent can lead to injury or the endothelial lining and stretching of the arterial wall [1]. Understanding the traction forces an expanding stent imparts on the vascular wall at the endothelial surface, the underlying plaque lesions and other tissue components during expansion is an important step in improving short term stent-wall mechanics. More importantly, the long term influence of stent-vascular wall mechanical interactions in restenosis remains unknown, and this analysis may shed light on the process.
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Shatos, M., J. Doherty, D. Allen, and J. Hoak. "ALTERATIONS IN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL FUNCTION BY OXYGEN-FREE RADICALS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643365.
Abstract:
The vascular endothelium is a target for oxidant-induced damage in many disease states including hyperoxia, inflammation, ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, little is known concerning oxidant injury to endothelial cells and its relationship to hemostasis. Our studies have focused on the ability of oxygen free radicals to injure and/or alter selected vascular endothelial cell functions pertinent to the regulation of hemostasis. Xanthine and xanthine oxidase, a well-characterized generating system for the production of the superoxide anion radical (O− 2) was used to sublethally injure human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE) in vitro. We examined the effects of a 15 min exposure of HUVE cells to xanthine (50μM), and xanthine oxidase (2.5-100mU) (previously determined to be non-toxic using trypan blue dye exclusion) on platelet adherence, and prostacyclin release using established assays. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) 200μg/ml and catalase 50μg/ml were added to endothelium incubation systems to evaluate any protective effects upon O− 2-induced alterations. All experiments were conducted in a serum-free HEPES-Tyrode's buffer, pH 7.4 incubation system. Our results show that exposure of HUVE cells to sublethal concentrations of oxygen free radical generating systems causes significant enhancement of platelet adherence (65%) to injured endothelium. A 12-fold increase in prostacyclin release resulted after a 15 min treatment with xanthine and xanthine oxidase. The addition of exogenous PGI2 (150nM) to platelet-endothelial systems did not completely prevent the enhanced platelet adherence suggesting that lack of prostacyclin was not completely responsible for the adherence of platelets to O− 2 injured cells. When SOD and catalase, scavengers of O− 2 and H2O− 2, were added to treated cells, platelet adherence decreased by 42-77% and prostacyclin release approached that of control cultures. These data implicate an active participation of activated metabolites of molecular oxygen in the alteration of vascular endothelial cell function.
Reports on the topic "Injera":
1
Terpsma, Ryan, and Chad Hovey. Blunt Impact Brain Injury using Cellular Injury Criterion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1716577.
2
Pearson, Amelia, Rebecca McPhillips, Paul Clarkson, Rosie Allen, and Catherine Robinson. Moral injury in social work staff: A Scoping Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0050.
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: The primary objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to moral injury in social work staff. The secondary objective is to establish how moral injury has been defined in the literature in the context of social work. The review question is: what is currently known about moral injury in social work staff? Background: Moral injury is the lasting psychological, spiritual and social harm caused by committing, experiencing or observing transgressions of deeply held moral values, beliefs and expectations (Haight et al., 2016). The concept of moral injury was developed and subsequently researched with populations of US veterans. Core symptomatic features of moral injury are guilt, shame, spiritual/existential conflict, and a loss of trust in self, others, and/or transcendental ultimate beings (Jinkerson, 2016). Secondary symptomatic features include depression, anxiety, anger, re-experiencing the moral conflict, self-harm, and social problems (Jinkerson, 2016).
3
CRYOLIFE INC MARIETTA GA. Cellular and Tissue Injury during Nonfreezing Cold Injury and Frostbite. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada256387.
4
Brockbank, K. G. Cellular and Tissue Injury During Nonfreezing Cold Injury and Frostbite. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265546.
5
Curran, Patrick. Cellular and Tissue Injury During Nonfreezing Cold Injury and Frostbite. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada270883.
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CRYOLIFE INC MARIETTA GA. Cellular and Tissue Injury During Nonfreezing Cold Injury and Frostbite. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244809.
7
Zhou, Yujun, Qing Wang, Lin Lv, Hongyan Zhang, Dongli She, Long Ge, and Lin Han. Predictors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0028.
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture in order to provide a reference for clinical practice. Condition being studied: Hip fracture has become a major public health issue of common concern in both developed and developing countries. and its incidence is estimated to rise to 6.26 million by 2050. Hip fracture patients are prone to various complications during treatment and rehabilitation, and pressure injury (PI) is one of the common complications of hip fracture. Studies have reported that the incidence of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture is 3.4%-59.8%. In addition, pressure injury may occur at any time when patients with hip fracture are hospitalized, which not only greatly aggregates the pain of patients, but also increases the difficulty of treatment and nursing, and seriously threatens the safety of patients. Clarifying the influencing factors of pressure injury after hip fracture will help medical staff quickly identify high-risk patients and strengthen preventive measures. However, previous studies have only discussed the influence of individual factors on the occurrence of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture from the perspectives of diabetes and early surgery, and there is still a lack of systematic analysis on the influencing factors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture.
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Hedegaard, Holly, and Margaret Warner. NVSR 70-13. Evaluating the cause-of-death information needed for estimating the burden of injury mortality: United States, 2019. National Center for Health Statistics ( U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:110638.
Abstract:
This study evaluated the quality of the cause-of-death information on death certificates for injury deaths, by determining the percentage of deaths for which the underlying cause was a nonspecific injury mechanism.
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Shujaa, Asaad Suliman, and Qasem Almulihi. Is Hypertonic Saline an Effective Alternative to Mannitol in the Treatment of TBI in Adult and Pediatric Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0010.
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: Evaluate and compare the effectiveness of hypertonic saline and mannitol in patients with traumatic brain injury. Rationale: Traumatic brain injury is one of the main reasons for death and disability worldwide. Generally, the frequency of traumatic brain injury in Europe is >2,000 per million yearly; guidelines suggest more conservative interventions, e.g., raising of the upper body, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and the use of hypertonic saline or mannitol before executing decompressive craniectomy. It is still uncertain whether hypertonic saline is better than mannitol in managing pediatric and adult patients with traumatic brain injury. The present systemic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of hypertonic saline compared to mannitol for managing TBI in traumatic brain injury. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included based on the described eligibility criteria using PICOS: P (Population); I (Intervention); C (Control); O (Outcome); S (Studies); only clinical trials and cohort studies published in English were selected.
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Taylor, Paul A., Candice Frances Cooper, Andrei A. Vakhtin, and Corey C. Ford. Correlation of Injury Simulation with Clinical Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1529057.