Relevant bibliographies by topics / Injection stretch blow moulding

Academic literature on the topic 'Injection stretch blow moulding'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Injection stretch blow moulding"

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Billon, Noelle, Jean Marc Haudin, Camille Vallot, and Charles Babin. "Stretch Blow Moulding of Mineral Filled PET." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 1099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.1099.

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Injection Stretch Blow mouldng is a two step processing that was designed and optimized mainly using unfilled PET resins. This study focuses on stretch blow moulding of a PET filled with a few percent of sub micronic mineral fillers. Based on DSC, DMA, tensile tests as well as blowing on prototype machine main effects of fillers are analysed. It is demonstrated that fillers increases crystallization kinetics resulting in a reduction of the processing range. Difference in strain hardening induced by fillers makes it necessary to adjust blowing temperature. However main effect occurs during heating phase. Temperature within the perform is much less homogeneous than in PET making thermal gradient totally different if heating protocole is kept unchanged. Once heating is controlled to reach to equivalent thermal gradients as for PET blowing is possible and rather equivalent to that of pure PET.
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Nixon, J., S. Yan, and Gary H. Menary. "Analysis and Simulation of the Free-Stretch-Blow Process of PET." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1729.

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This paper is concerned with understanding the behaviour of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in the injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) process where it is typically bi-axially stretched to form bottles for the packaging industry. Preforms which have been pre sprayed with a pattern and heated in an oil bath have been stretched and blown in free air using a lab scale ISBM machine whilst being monitored via high speed video. The images have subsequently been analysed using a digital image correlation system (VIC 3D). The results have been used to validate appropriate simulations of the free-blow process using ABAQUS®/Explicit FEA with a suitable viscoelastic material model, along with experimental process data obtained using an instrumented stretch rod.
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Menary, G. H., C. G. Armstrong, R. J. Crawford, and J. P. McEvoy. "Modelling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in injection stretch–blow moulding." Plastics, Rubber and Composites 29, no. 7 (July 2000): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146580100101541166.

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Donzella, G., M. Grazioli, F. Chiesa, A. Avanzini, M. Antonini, A. Vertuan, D. Battini, M. Mor, and D. Fausti. "Experimental characterisation and modelling of polyethylene terephthalate preform for injection stretch blow moulding." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 60, no. 1 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2020.10030445.

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Battini, D., A. Avanzini, M. Antonini, D. Fausti, M. Mor, A. Vertuan, F. Chiesa, M. Grazioli, and G. Donzella. "Experimental characterisation and modelling of polyethylene terephthalate preform for injection stretch blow moulding." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 60, no. 1 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2020.108493.

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Menary, G. H., and C. G. Armstrong. "Experimental study and numerical modelling of injection stretch blow moulding of angioplasty balloons." Plastics, Rubber and Composites 35, no. 8 (October 2006): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328906x143877.

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Salomeia, Y., G. H. Menary, C. G. Armstrong, J. Nixon, and S. Yan. "Measuring and modelling air mass flow rate in the injection stretch blow moulding process." International Journal of Material Forming 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2015): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-015-1240-0.

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Awaja, Firas, and Dumitru Pavel. "Injection stretch blow moulding process of reactive extruded recycled PET and virgin PET blends." European Polymer Journal 41, no. 11 (November 2005): 2614–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.05.036.

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Yang, Ziqi, Wasif Naeem, Gary Menary, Jing Deng, and Kang Li. "Advanced Modelling and Optimization of Infared Oven in Injection Stretch Blow-moulding for Energy Saving." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 47, no. 3 (2014): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01191.

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Yang, Z. J., E. Harkin-Jones, G. H. Menary, and C. G. Armstrong. "Coupled temperature–displacement modelling of injection stretch-blow moulding of PET bottles using Buckley model." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 153-154 (November 2004): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.203.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Injection stretch blow moulding"

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Yang, Ziqi. "Advanced batch process modelling, control and optimization for injection stretch blow moulding." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713464.

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The injection stretch blow Moulding (ISBM) process is widely used to manufacture PET bottles for the beverage and consumer goods industry. However, at present the ISBM process, including both the stretch blow moulding and reheating processes, are totally open-loop. The processes are complex and users often have to rely heavily on trial and error method to set up and control it. In this research, with the main purpose to displace this experience-based trial and error method in the ISBM process, the associated modelling and control methods are proposed.
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Salomeia, Y. M. "Improved understanding of injection stretch blow moulding through instrumentation, process monitoring and modelling." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517044.

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Patuto, Joseph, and jpatuto@bigpond net au. "Investigation of recycled PET and its application for blow moulded containers requiring thermal stability at elevated tempoeratures." RMIT University. Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080901.114534.

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Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) has become the preferred material of choice for many packaging applications. A preference over glass due to its low weight, similar transparency to glass and cost consideration, including the availability of recycled PET feedstock via kerbside collection has provided newer opportunities for hot-fill applications. Ostensibly, this material is used for beverage markets requiring cold and hot filling (85 oC) of liquid foods. However due to the poor thermal stability of PET - due to its low glass transition temperature - an increase in elevated temperatures limits the number of market segments the material can be utilised. Current practices incorporate the heat-set process, aimed at improving the crystallisation kinetics within the amorphous and crystalline region. This body of work incorporates a single stage Injection Stretch Blow Moulding machine (ISBM). Modifications to conventional carbonated soft drink (CSD) beverage containers to include heat-set capabilities are incorporated. The current research study investigates the potential benefits of RPET blends for improving thermal stability at elevated temperatures. This study investigates changes in mechanical properties which include • Youngs modulus, • top load strength, • burst strength, • Thermal analysis specifically investigating changes in • Glass transition temperature, • enthalpy changes due to heat-set conditions • Percentage crystallinity changes as a function of heat-set conditions Rheological characteristics to all materials used were investigates. Furthermore, changes in the physical properties to each PET beverage container were investigated which include; • process shrinkage (S1), • hot-fill shrinkage (S2) • Density changes via optimised DoE parameters. A combination of cold (80 oC) and hot moulds (150 oC) as measured via Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) at the exterior to the blow mould and their affect on percentage crystallinity was studied. Preform surface temperature (PST) and strain induced crystallinity, assisting in molecular relaxation is analysed. Upon completion to an exhaustive experimental ISBM trial, a DoE software package - in this case Echip - was used to analyse and predict optimised hot-fill shrinkage values of 2.5 percent with a maximum constrained RPET blend value totalling 40 percent. ISBM optimised conditions demonstrated advantages when combining an increased preform surface temperature, RPET blends and optimised ISBM process conditions as indicated via the DoE at low heat-set temperatures.
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Menary, Gary Henry. "Modelling injection stretch blow moulding and the resulting 'in service' performance of PET bottles." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343020.

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Demirel, Bilal, and bilal demirel@student rmit edu au. "Optimisation of Petaloid Base Dimensions and Process Operating Conditions to Minimize Environmental Stress Cracking in Injection Stretch Blow Moulded PET Bottles." RMIT University. SAMME, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090305.154433.

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ABSTRACT Injection stretch blow moulded PET bottles are the most widely used container type for carbonated soft drinks. PET offers excellent clarity, good mechanical and barrier properties, and ease of processing. Typically, these bottles have a petaloid-shaped base, which gives good stability to the bottle and it is the most appropriate one for beverage storage. However, the base is prone to environmentally induced stress cracking and this a major concern to bottle manufacturers. The object of this study is to explain the occurrence of stress cracking, and to prevent it by optimising both the geometry of the petaloid base and the processing parameters during bottle moulding. A finite element model of the petaloid shape is developed in CATIA V5 R14, and used to predict the von Mises stress in the bottle base for different combinations of three key dimensions of the base: foot length, valley width, and clearance. The combination of dimensions giving the minimum stress is found by a statistical analysis approach using an optimisation and design of experiments software package ECHIP-7. A bottle mould was manufactured according to the optimum base geometry and PET bottles are produced by injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM). In order to minimise the stresses at the bottom of the bottle, the ISBM process parameters were reviewed and the effects of both the stretch rod movement and the temperature profile of the preform were studied by means of the process simulation software package (Blow View version 8.2). Simulated values of the wall thickness, stress, crystallinity, molecular orientation and biaxial ratio in the bottle base were obtained. The process parameters, which result in low stress and uniform material in the bottle base, are regarded as optimum operating conditions. In the evaluation process of the optimum bottle base, bottles with standard (current) and optimized (new) base were produced under the same process conditions via a two-stage ISBM machine. In order to compare both the bottles, environmental stress crack resistance, top load strength, burst pressure strength, thermal stability test as well as crystallinity studies ¬¬¬via modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and morphology studies via environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and optical microscopy were conducted. In this study carried out, the new PET bottle with the optimised base significantly decreased the environmental stress cracking occurrence in the bottom of the bottle. It is found that the bottle with optimised base is stronger than the bottle with standard base against environmental stress cracking. The resistance time against environmental stress cracking are increased by about % 90 under the same operating process conditions used for standard (current) bottles; and by % 170 under the optimised process conditions where the preform re-heating temperature is set to 105 oC.
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Nixon, James. "Analysis of the stretch blow moulding process and subsequent simulation development." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.677457.

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Injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) is the most common processing method of producing thin-walled poly (ethylene) terephthalate (PET) containers. With numerous processing parameters and complex deformation, there is still a certain amount of expert knowledge required to successfully convert a PET preform into a useable bottle, capable of passing rigorous post-process testing. The purpose of this work is to develop an accurate simulation of the bottle forming procedure through extensive examination of the input parameters and how they affect the preform deformation and bottle characteristics. By removing the bottle mould, a free-stretch-blow analysis was performed over a large process window. This procedure utilised the digital image correlation (DIC) method with a patterned preform heated using an oil bath. A corresponding simulation was constructed using ABAQUS/Explicit FE solver and a constitutive viscoelastic user material subroutine. A comparison between the experimental and predicted values of internal cavity pressure, stretch-rod force and surface strain was performed resulting in reduced accuracy at low flow rate, sequential-type deformations. Free-stretch-blow trials also highlighted the need for adequate preform storage as increased moisture content affects the deformation behaviour. Reapplying the bottle mould and using the same process parameters revealed that the simulation had difficulties in predicted accurate bottle thickness, particularly at higher flow rate. An insufficient contact friction model was concluded and more insight into the heat transfer and back pressure between the polymer and mould was required. Results from the simulation also demonstrated that the previously assumed incompressible behaviour of PET during bottle formation is incorrect. A novel method of measuring strain levels in all three directions was devised to reveal that deformation mode greatly affects the value of Poisson's ratio. Insight into the ISBM process and development of the simulation has been advanced through this work and key areas of further improvement have been revealed.
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Yan, Shiyong. "Modelling the constitutive behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate) for the stretch blow moulding process." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.677854.

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The stretch blow moulding (SBM) process is the main method for the mass production of PET containers. Understanding and modelling the behaviour of PET is critical for design the optimum product and process. However due to its nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour, the behaviour of PET is highly sensitive to its thermomechanical history making the task of modelling its constitutive behaviour very complex. This means that the constitutive model will be useful only if it is known to be valid under the actual conditions of the SBM process of interest. The aim of this work was to develop a material model capable of capturing the deformation behaviour of PET subject to an arbitrary strain history, and to develop a new material characterization method providing new data for the deformation behaviour of PET relevant to the SBM process. In or~er to achieve this goal, a reliable, robust and non-touch characterization method was developed based on the data acquisition system and digital image correlation system to determine the stress-strain relationship of material in deforming preforms during free stretch-blow tests. Considerable experimental work, including conventional biaxial stretching tests and free stretch-blow tests, was carried out to characterize the mechanical properties of the material. These tests revealed the properties of PET under displacement-controlled deformation and load-controlled deformation. The material model was developed based on the original Buckley model in two aspects. One was the development of the 'lock-up' process in the network system, representing the onset of strain-induced crystallization (SIC). Another was the consideration of self-heating effect of PET during the deformation.
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Mohamed, Raja Roslan Raja. "Structure-property relationships in biaxially stretched amorphous PET applicable to thermoforming and stretch blow moulding." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728400.

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In thermoforming and Injection stretch blow moulding, amorphous Polyethylene terephthalate (aPET) is stretched to form products. While stretching, the microstructures change and have influence on final product properties. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to provide a fundamental understanding of microstructures evolvement during biaxial stretching of aPET in conditions applicable to thermoforming and injection stretch blow moulding as well as their effect on thermal and mechanical properties. Specimens were cut out from a commercial grade extruded aPET sheets which has a similar intrinsic viscosity to injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) aPET and stretched using Queen's Biaxial Stretching machine under various sets of parameters namely temperature, strain rate, stretch ratio and mode of stretching, whilst mimicking the industrial processing conditions. The stress-strain behaviour during stretching was then analysed. The stretched specimens were then characterised employing a Fourier Transform Infrared with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) for gauche and trans conformers, a Differential Scanning Calorimeter for heat-crystallisable content, crystallinity and thermal properties, FTIR-ATR with polariser for orientation parameters, and a tensometer for mechanical properties. Statistical tools were also employed to determine the significance of changes and correlate the structural changes as well as the thermal and mechanical properties. The onset of strain hardening that impedes viscous flow during stretching can be attributed to the intermolecular attractions between the aligning and orientating chain. This is a new perspective on what may cause strain hardening. The structural changes may have good linear correlation between each other, depending on the stretching parameters employed. The heat-crystallisable region was found to be the determining factor in strain induced crystallisation as well as the stretching parameters. The relationship between the properties, thermal and mechanical, is determined by complex interactions between the measured structural characteristics.
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Tan, Cheong Wang. "Biaxial deformation of PET at conditions applicable to stretch blow moulding and the subsequent effect on mechanical properties." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486212.

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The injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) process is the main method used to mass-produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles for the carbonated soft drink and the mineral water industries. At present researchers have been developing numerical simulations of the process with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the process and ultimately optimize the design of new containers more efficiently. However, one of the drawbacks for these simulations is the lack of knowledge on the biaxial stress-strain behaviour of PET at processing conditions relevant to ISBM and the effect of biaxial stretching on the final properties. The main objective ofthis study was to understand and.characterize the biaxial behaviour of PET and quantify how biaxial stretching under different processing conditions influenced the final mechanical and structural properties. The results were. implemented within a numerical simulation with the aim of accurately predicting both the thickness and modulus distribution in the final container. Initially, a comprehensive stu:dy of the biaxial defonnation behaviour of three different grades of PET was carried out at conditions applicable to the ISBM process using the Queen's Biaxial Stretcher. The stress strain data generated from these biaxial tests was used to generate material constants for the Buckley-Jones-Adams material model. A new procedure for generating the constants was developed using the mathematical package MATLAB®. This semi-automated procedure was found more efficient than the original manual procedure by Buckley et al. Post-stretching analysis was carried out by using tensile and DSC methods. The modulus development of PET was found to be strongly dependent on the stretching temperature, strain rate, stretch ratio, and defonnation mode. Among those parameters, stretch ratio and defonnation mode play the most important role. A two dimensional ISBM simulation of a 1 litre PET bottle was developed for the prediction of thickness and modulus distributions. The comparison of the numerical results with the experimental measurement showed a satisfactory prediction ofbottle thickness and modulus in the side wall region.
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Moura, Tomás Carvalho Gonçalves de. "Estudo da influência de parâmetros composicionais, geométricos e de processamento na produção de garrafas de PET por Injeção-Sopro." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/40986.

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[PT]O consumo de água engarrafada tem vindo a aumentar em todo o mundo. De forma a reduzir desperdícios e consumos energéticos é essencial perceber como certos parâmetros na produção de garrafas de PET influenciam o produto final. As garrafas são geralmente produzidas por Sopro, a partir de pré-formas previamente fabricadas por moldação por injeção, que são posteriormente aquecidas e sopradas para um molde, produzindo a garrafa. Com o objetivo de otimizar o processo de produção, a Logoplaste (Cascais) propôs este estudo, procurando novas formas para reduzir consumos e desperdícios. Foram assim estudados diversos tipos de garrafa e pré-formas, com diferentes geometrias, pesos e composições. Durante o estudo, a potência do forno foi alterada com o objetivo de entender a influência deste parâmetro de produção na distribuição de material do produto final. Por outro lado, o processo de aquecimento das pré-formas é significativamente afetado pela presença de pigmentos. Assim, de forma a analisar a influência deste efeito na distribuição da espessura no produto final, foram realizados ensaios onde se variou o pigmento ou os corantes, bem como a potência do forno, em garrafas com geometrias e pesos iguais. Com recurso a DSC foi estudada a relação entre a cristalinidade e o corante de duas garrafas com pré-formas iguais. Por fim, foram ainda comparadas garrafas iguais produzidas em ambiente laboratorial e industrial, procurando-se comparar os perfis de temperatura das pré-formas e a distribuição de material nas garrafas.
[ENG]The consumption of bottled water is on the rise all around the world. To reduce waste and energy consumption it is essential to understand how certain parameters in the production process of PET bottles, affect the final product. Bottles are generally produced by Blow Molding, first raw material is injected forming preforms, these will be reheated and blown into a mold to form a bottle. In order to optimize the production process, Logoplaste (Cascais) proposed this study, to find new ways to reduce consumptions and waste. Various bottle types and preforms were studied with different geometries, weight and chemical composition. During the study, the oven power was changed to understand the influence of this parameter in the distribution of the material in the final product. The use of pigments has a significant impact on the reheating of the preforms. In order to study this effect on the material distribution tests were made were the oven power and the pigment was changed in bottles with the same geometry and weight. Using the DSC technique, the relationship between crystallinity the dye between two identical bottles and using the same preform, aside from the pigment was studied. Finally, similar bottles were made in a laboratory and in a factory to compare the temperature profile of the preforms.
Logoplaste Consultores S.A
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Books on the topic "Injection stretch blow moulding"

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Brandau, Ottmar. Stretch Blow Moulding a Hands on Guide Vol.3. Petplanet print, 2003.

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Stretch Blow Molding Plastics Design Library. William Andrew Publishing, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Injection stretch blow moulding"

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Allahkarami, Masoud, Sudheer Bandla, and Jay C. Hanan. "Residual Stress in Injection Stretch Blow Molded PET Bottles." In Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 9, 285–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21765-9_34.

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Smith, Stephen, Brian G. Falzon, and Gary Menary. "Axisymmetric Modelling of Stretch Blow Moulding Using a Galerkin Mesh-Free Method." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Numerical Modelling in Engineering, 203–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2273-0_17.

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Pinto, Renê S., Hugo M. Silva, Fernando M. Duarte, João P. Nunes, and António Gaspar-Cunha. "Neuroevolutionary Multiobjective Optimization of Injection Stretch Blow Molding Process in the Blowing Phase." In Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, 307–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57422-2_20.

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Wei, Huidong, Gary Menary, Shiyong Yan, and Fraser Buchanan. "Experiment and Modelling on Biaxial Deformation of PLLA Materials Under Designed Strain History for Stretch Blow Moulding." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 228–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2396-6_21.

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Song, Weisheng, and Yan Zhang. "Influence of Process Parameters on the Thickness Distribution of Beverage Bottles in Injection-Stretch-Blow Process." In Advanced Graphic Communications, Packaging Technology and Materials, 601–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0072-0_75.

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Brandau, O. "Injection Stretch Blow Molding Machines." In Stretch Blow Molding, 107–33. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-46177-1.00008-1.

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Brandau, Ottmar. "Injection Stretch Blow Molding Machines." In Stretch Blow Molding, 95–118. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-3527-7.00008-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Injection stretch blow moulding"

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Salomeia, Y., G. Menary, and C. G. Armstrong. "Experimental Investigation of Process Conditions in Injection Stretch Blow Moulding." In 10TH ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729627.

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Menary, G. H., C. W. Tan, M. Picard, N. Billon, C. G. Armstrong, and E. M. A. Harkin-Jones. "Numerical Simulation of Injection Stretch Blow Moulding: Comparison with Experimental Free Blow Trials." In 10TH ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729634.

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Luo, Yun Mei, Luc Chevalier, and Françoise Utheza. "Modelling the Heat During the Injection Stretch Blowing Moulding: Infrared Heating and Blowing Modelling." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82725.

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Effects of temperature: initial heating conditions or self heating during the process, are very important during the injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) process of PET bottles. The mechanical characteristics of the final products, which are mainly controlled by the final thickness and the orientation of the molecular chains, depend strongly on the process temperature. Modelling the heat transfer during the ISBM process is therefore necessary. In the first part of this paper, an experimental study is presented in order to measure the initial temperature distribution and to identify the thermal properties of the PET. An infrared camera has been used to determine the surface temperature distribution of the PET sheets which are heated by infrared (IR) lamps. The Monte Carlo method is used to identify the parameters best fit from the temperature evolution. In the second part, a thermo-viscohyperelastic model is used to predict the PET behaviour, taking into account the strain rate and temperature dependence. A finite element approach implemented in matlab is used to achieve the numerical simulation.
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Tan, C. W., G. H. Menary, E. M. A. Harkin-Jones, C. G. Armstrong, and P. J. Martin. "Effect of Biaxial Stretching at Temperatures and Strain Histories Comparable to Injection Stretch Blow Moulding on Tensile Modulus for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)." In 10TH ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729617.

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Luo, Yun-Mei, and Luc Chevalier. "Self heating during stretch blow moulding and induced properties." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING: ESAFORM 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5034981.

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Rasche, S., M. Begemann, and Ch Hopmann. "Modelling IR-Heating in Stretch-Blow Moulding and Thermoforming." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82590.

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The two-stage stretch-blow moulding process has been established for the large scale production of high quality PET containers with excellent mechanical and optical properties. Thermoforming is the process of choice for manufacturing thin-gauge or large-area parts for packaging or technical applications. Both processes allow lightweight thermoplastic parts to be produced rapidly and economically. In both processes thermoplastic semi-finished products are formed by pressurised air under the influence of heat. To enable forming of the thermoplastic materials, the semi-finished products need to be transferred into a thermoelastic state. IR-heating is widely used due to short heating times. From a cost perspective, about 7 % of the total production costs of a stretch-blow moulded bottle are spent for energy in order to heat and form the preform to the later bottle. Depending on machine, semi-finished product type and cycle time, energy costs in thermoforming account for around 1–5 % of the total production costs. Modern roll-fed automatic thermoforming machines use about 22 % of the energy consumption for the heating step and around 70 % for the production of pressurised air. Due to this significant share and due to increasing energy costs during recent years, the packaging industry is interested in increasing the energy efficiency of these processes. The most important quality criterion for both processes is a uniform wall thickness distribution. The production of high-quality parts requires optimised temperature profiles of the semi-finished product depending on the particular product geometry. Simulation is an approved tool for the prediction of the influence of the heater setting on the temperature profile. Over the last decade IKV has developed an integrative three-dimensional process simulation which models the complete path of a preform through a stretch-blow moulding machine. An essential first step is the heating simulation where the temperature profile of the preform is computed. Based on this data the temperature-dependent material behaviour of PET can be considered during the inflation simulation. This work shows the influence of a thoughtful temperature profile on the wall thickness distribution in stretch-blow moulding. The focus is on modelling the reheat phase of the stretch-blow moulding process in FEA. Beyond that, a purposeful heating offers the possibility to cut down energy waste.
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7

Yan, S. Y., and G. Menary. "Modeling the Constitutive Behaviour of PET for Stretch Blow Moulding." In THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING: ESAFORM 2011. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3589620.

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8

Groot, J. A. W. M., C. G. Giannopapa, and R. M. M. Mattheij. "A Computer Simulation Model for the Stretch Blow Moulding Process of Polymer Containers." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25710.

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Stretch blow moulding is a widely used technique e.g. for the production of PET bottles. In a stretch blow moulding process a hot preform of polymer is simultaneously stretched and blown into a mould shape. The process takes place at a fast rate and is characterised by large deformations and temperature gradients. In this paper the computer simulation model presented in is applied to the stretch blow process for the production of PET bottles. The model was previously developed by the authors for the simulation of 2D axial-symmetrical blow processes for the production of glass containers. The model is based on finite element methods and uses a level set method to track the interfaces between air and the material. The simulation model is modified in order to correctly describe the material behaviour of PET, take into account the stretch process and substitute the process parameters for stretch blow moulding. Furthermore, it is verified that the PET behaviour can be modelled as a non-newtonian, isothermal fluid flow, based on a viscoplastic material model. An application presented is the stretch blow moulding of a realistic PET water bottle.
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9

Picard, Martine, and Noëlle Billon. "Microstructural evolution of PET under stretching and during stretch blow moulding." In 10TH ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729611.

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10

Yan, Juan, Kang Li, Jing Deng, and Ziqi Yang. "Efficient Gaussian process modelling of section weights in polymer stretch blow moulding." In 2014 UKACC International Conference on Control (CONTROL). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/control.2014.6915138.

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