Journal articles on the topic 'Injected ma'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Injected ma.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Injected ma.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Shinbara, Hisashi, Masamichi Okubo, Keisaku Kimura, Kunio Mizunuma, and Eiji Sumiya. "Participation of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Released via Axon Reflex in the Local Increase in Muscle Blood Flow following Manual Acupuncture." Acupuncture in Medicine 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2012-010253.
Full textAbstract:
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine how calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) via axon reflex participates in increasing local muscle blood flow (MBF) following manual acupuncture (MA). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats (N=56, 270–350 g) were used. We examined (1) the effects of MA on MBF in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in normal rats; (2) the effects of MA on MBF in the TA injected with saline or hCGRP8-37 (low: 2×10−4 mol/litre; high: 2×10−3 mol/litre), a competitive CGRP receptor antagonist, in rats; and (3) the effects of MA on MBF in the TA in capsaicin-treated rats. The capsaicin-treated rats were injected with capsaicin dissolved in an ethanol solution within 24 h after birth (50 mg/kg subcutaneously). MA was applied to the right TA for 1 min. 51Cr-labelled microspheres (15 μm in diameter) were used to measure MBF. Results MA significantly increased MBF without changing arterial blood pressure in normal rats (p<0.05). MA also significantly increased MBF in saline-injected, low hCGRP8-37-injected and high hCGRP8-37-injected rats (p<0.001, 005 and 0.05, respectively). The increases in low and high hCGRP8-37-injected rats were lower than those in saline-injected rats, but the difference was not significant. However, MA did not significantly increase MBF in capsaicin-treated rats (p=0.38). Conclusions We obtained conflicting results, suggesting that the participation of CGRP released via axon reflex may be limited to a local increase in MBF following MA.
2
Bhattacharya, Ranajoy, Adam M. Darr, Allen L. Garner, and Jim Browning. "Analysis of Injected Electron Beam Propagation in a Planar Crossed-Field Gap." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062540.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines basic crossed-field device physics in a planar configuration, specifically electron beam perturbation and instability as a function of variation in magnetic field, and angle between magnetic and electric field. We perform a three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of electron perturbation in a planar crossed-field system using the full 3-D particle trajectory solver in CST Particle Studio (CST-PS). The structure has a length, height, width and anode-sole gap of 15 cm, 2 cm, 10 cm, and 2 cm, respectively. The anode to sole voltage is fixed at 3 kV, and the magnetic field and injected current varied from 0.01 T to 0.05 T and 1.5 mA to 1 A, respectively. The simulations show that applying a magnetic field of 0.05 T makes the beam stable for a critical current density of 94 mA/cm2 for an anode-sole gap of 20 mm. Above this current density, the beam was unstable, as predicted. Introducing a 1° tilt in the magnetic field destabilizes the beam at a current density of 23 mA/cm2, which is lower than the critical current density for no tilt, as predicted by our theory. The simulation results also agree well with prior one-dimensional (1-D) theory and simulations that predict stable bands of current density for a 5° tilt where the beam is stable at low current density (<13.3 mA/cm2), unstable above this threshold, and then stable again at higher current density, (>33 mA/cm2).
3
Santoni, A., M. C. Guo, M. C. Heuzey, and P. J. Carreau. "Surface Defects of TPO Injected Foam Parts for Automotive Applications." International Polymer Processing 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2007-0012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Benefits of reduced vehicle weight can have an important environmental impact since there is a 6 to 8% improvement in fuel efficiency for every 10% in weight reduction. In this work, foaming technology is used to produce injection molded TPO parts (thermoplastic olefin compounds) for the automotive industry with a minimum of 20% weight reduction while retaining a glossy surface quality. It was found by Guo et al. (2006, 2007) that the best strategy to raise the surface quality was to decrease the shot size, the cycling time and the temperature of the injected melt. However, the targeted objective of a minimum of 20% weight reduction was not achieved in these preliminary experiments. Therefore, in this work a blend of TPO and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used in order to promote TPO foamability and improve the surface quality of injected parts. Under these conditions, we managed to produce injected molded TPO samples with a 24% weight reduction and good surface quality. Moreover, we investigated the effect of PP-g-MA in the TPO system by performing rheological measurements and photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FTIR) analysis to characterize the PP-g-MA physico-chemical interactions with TPO.
4
Nakhoul, Nazih L., Solange M. Abdulnour-Nakhoul, Emile L. Boulpaep, Edd Rabon, Eric Schmidt, and L. Lee Hamm. "Substrate specificity of Rhbg: ammonium and methyl ammonium transport." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 299, no. 3 (September 2010): C695—C705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2010.
Full textAbstract:
Rhbg is a nonerythroid membrane glycoprotein belonging to the Rh antigen family. In the kidney, Rhbg is expressed at the basolateral membrane of intercalated cells of the distal nephron and is involved in NH4+ transport. We investigated the substrate specificity of Rhbg by comparing transport of NH3/NH4+ with that of methyl amine (hydrochloride) (MA/MA+), often used to replace NH3/NH4+, in oocytes expressing Rhbg. Methyl amine (HCl) in solution exists as neutral methyl amine (MA) in equilibrium with the protonated methyl ammonium (MA+). To assess transport, we used ion-selective microelectrodes and voltage-clamp experiments to measure NH3/NH4+- and MA/MA+-induced intracellular pH (pHi) changes and whole cell currents. Our data showed that in Rhbg oocytes, NH3/NH4+ caused an inward current and decrease in pHiconsistent with electrogenic NH4+ transport. These changes were significantly larger than in H2O-injected oocytes. The NH3/NH4+-induced current was not inhibited in the presence of barium or in the absence of Na+. In Rhbg oocytes, MA/MA+caused an inward current but an increase (rather than a decrease) in pHi.MA/MA+did not cause any changes in H2O-injected oocytes. The MA/MA+-induced current and pHiincrease were saturated at higher concentrations of MA/MA+. Amiloride inhibited MA/MA+-induced current and the increase in pHiin oocytes expressing Rhbg but had no effect on control oocytes. These results indicate that MA/MA+is transported by Rhbg but differently than NH3/NH4+. The protonated MA+is likely a direct substrate whose transport resembles that of NH4+. Transport of electroneutral MA is also enhanced by expression of Rhbg.
5
Li, Haiyuan, Jianheng Chen, Nihong Lu, Zhenhua Gao, Li Yang, and Jihong Shen. "Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function in a non-human primate animal model with chronic exposure to methamphetamine." Materials Express 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1973.
Full textAbstract:
Psychostimulants, such as amphetamine-type stimulants, induce alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis function. In this study, we sought to investigate the changes in the HPT axis using a wellcharacterized non-human primate model after chronic exposure to methamphetamine (MA). The data collected from 10 adult monkeys were retrospectively studied, assigning them into two groups—the control group (saline) and MA group. MA was injected for 4 weeks with gradually increasing dose, and later injected maintenance doses for 24 weeks. We collected and tested the blood samples on a weekly basis for T4, free T4, T3, free T3, TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb. We used western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques to test the protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2, Bax, and thyroid stimulating hormonereceptor. The MA group had significantly higher levels of T4, FT4, T3, and TSH than the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in FT3, TGAb, and TPOAb. Compared with the control group, most of the thyroid from the MA group consistently showed markedly disordered structure: varied size, lymphocytic infiltration, and local fibrosis. In the MA group, the protein and mRNA expression of Bax were significantly higher than the control group, whereas the protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and TSH-R were significantly lower. These results indicate that chronic exposure to MA can lead to changes in the HPT axis function and induce apoptosis or other microdamage to the thyroid gland in a non-human primate model.
6
Wisneski, Harris H., Ronald L. Yates, and Donald C. Havery. "Determination of Musk Ambrette in Fragrance Products by Capillary Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 1467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.6.1467.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A gas chromatographic method that uses an internal standard additions technique is described for the determination of musk ambrette (MA) in fragrance products. A solution containing the product and a known amount of an internal standard, musk tibetene (MT), is injected directly into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The chromatographic separation of the components on a wide-bore fused silica capillary column is recorded and a response constant is calculated from MA and MT peak heights. A similar response constant is also calculated for a standard solution containing known concentrations of MA and MT. The MA content of the fragrance product is then calculated. Average recoveries of MA from fragrance products ranged from 97.6 to 102.3%. The method was also evaluated collaboratively by 6 laboratories. In this study, the reproducibility relative standard deviation for MA in 6 fragrance test samples ranged from 2.78 to 22.87%.
7
Pieters, Henry, Veronica van Wyk, Susan Cooper, Jan Roodt, Stefan De Reys, Philip Badenhorst, and Lindi-Marie Coetzee. "The Effect of Monoclonal Anti-human-platelet Antibodies on Platelet Kinetics in a Baboon Model: IgG Subclass Dependency." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 83, no. 01 (2000): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613771.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryWe assessed the in vivo effect of six intact anti-human antiplatelet antibodies of two major IgG subclasses on platelet kinetics in baboons. Five of the six antibodies tested caused thrombocytopenia of varying degree when injected at a precalculated threshold value. An agglutinating IgG1 antibody (MA-8L4A12) caused a long-lasting, mild thrombocytopenia with a predominant uptake of radiolabelled platelets in the spleen, while the four IgG2 antibodies tested (MA-13G8E1, MA-2M5A6, MA-21K2E8 and MA-22M10) caused a severe, transient thrombocytopenia with uptake of platelets in the liver. Two of the IgG2 antibodies (MA-13G8E1 and MA-2M5A6) caused platelet activation and aggregation in vitro, whilst the other two did not elicit a platelet aggregation response. The platelet survival time was shortened with all five of the thrombocytopenia-inducing antibodies, while only one antibody (MA-2M5A6) had a significant effect on the bleeding time. This study indicates that the IgG subclasss may be a determining factor in the outcome of platelet sequestration in immune-induced thrombocytopenia.
8
Fialová, Markéta, Jana Šírová, Věra Bubeníková-Valešová, and Romana Šlamberová. "The Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Recognition Memory in Adult Rats." Prague Medical Report 116, no. 1 (2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2015.43.
Full textAbstract:
The use of methamphetamine (MA) among pregnant women is an increasing world-wide health problem. Prenatal MA exposure may cause changes in foetus but the exact effects have remained unclear. The aim of this study is to present the effect of prenatal MA exposure on recognition memory in adult rats. Adult female Wistar rats were injected daily with D-methamphetamine HCl (MA; 5 mg/kg, s.c.) during the entire gestation period. Control females were treated with saline in the same regime. Adult male offspring was administrated acutely by MA (1 mg/kg i.p.) or saline 30 minutes before beginning of an experiment. For testing recognition memory two tasks were chosen: Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) and Object Location Test (OLT). Our results demonstrate that prenatally MA-exposed animals were worse in NORT independently on an acute administration of MA in adulthood. Prenatally MA-exposed rats did not deteriorate in OLT, but after acute administration of MA in adulthood, there was significant worsening compared to appropriate control. Prenatally saline-exposed offspring did not deteriorate in any test even after acute administration of MA. Our data suggest that prenatal MA exposure in rats cause impairment in recognition memory in adult offspring, but not in spatial memory. In addition, acute administration of MA to controls did not deteriorate either recognition or spatial memory.
9
Abdulnour-Nakhoul, Solange, Trang Le, Edd Rabon, L. Lee Hamm, and Nazih L. Nakhoul. "Structural determinants of NH3 and NH4+ transport by mouse Rhbg, a renal Rh glycoprotein." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 311, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): F1280—F1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00556.2015.
Full textAbstract:
Renal Rhbg is localized to the basolateral membrane of intercalated cells and is involved in NH3/NH4+ transport. The structure of Rhbg is not yet resolved; however, a high-resolution crystal structure of AmtB, a bacterial homolog of Rh, has been determined. We aligned the sequence of Rhbg to that of AmtB and identified important sites of Rhbg that may affect transport. Our analysis positioned three conserved amino acids, histidine 183 (H183), histidine 342 (H342), and tryptophan 230 (W230), within the hydrophobic pore where they presumably serve to control NH3 transport. A fourth residue, phenylalanine 128 (F128) was positioned at the upper vestibule, presumably contributing to recruitment of NH4+. We generated three mutations each of H183, H342, W230, and F128 and expressed them in frog oocytes. Immunolabeling showed that W230 and F128 mutants were localized to the cell membrane, whereas H183 and H342 staining was diffuse and mostly intracellular. To determine function, we compared measurements of NH3/NH4+ and methyl amine (MA)/methyl ammonium (MA+)-induced currents, intracellular pH, and surface pH (pHs) among oocytes expressing the mutants, Rhbg, or injected with H2O. In H183 and W230 mutants, NH4+-induced current and intracellular acidification were inhibited compared with that of Rhbg, and MA-induced intracellular alkalinization was completely absent. Expression of H183A or W230A mutants inhibited NH3/NH4+- and MA/MA+-induced decrease in pHs to the level observed in H2O-injected oocytes. Mutations of F128 did not significantly affect transport of NH3 or NH4+. These data demonstrated that mutating H183 or W230 caused loss of function but not F128. H183 and H342 may affect membrane expression of the transporter.
10
Li, Gang, Yanpei Fei, Tairong Kuang, Tong Liu, Mingqiang Zhong, Yanbiao Li, Jing Jiang, Lih-Sheng Turng, and Feng Chen. "The Injected Foaming Study of Polypropylene/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composite with In Situ Fibrillation Reinforcement." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 5411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245411.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explored the injection foaming process of in situ fibrillation reinforced polypropylene composites. Using polypropylene (PP) as the continuous phase, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the dispersed phase, multi–wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the conductive filler, and PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP–g–MA) as the compatibilizer, a MWCNTs/PP–g–MA masterbatch was prepared by using a solution blending method. Then, a lightweight, conductive PP/PTFE/MWCNTs composite foam was prepared by means of extruder granulation and supercritical nitrogen (ScN2) injection foaming. The composite foams were studied in terms of rheology, morphological, foaming behavior and mechanical properties. The results proved that the in situ fibrillation of PTFE can have a remarkable effect on melt strength and viscoelasticity, thus improving the foaming performance; we found that PP/3% PTFE showed excellent performance. Meanwhile, the addition of MWCNTs endows the material with conductive properties, and the conductivity reached was 2.73 × 10−5 S/m with the addition of 0.2 wt% MWCNTs. This study’s findings are expected to be applied in the lightweight, antistatic and high–performance automotive industry.
11
Kramov, N. "Strychnine antidotes. Haggarda. Greenberg report (I. Amer. M. A. vol. 98, no. 14)." Kazan medical journal 32, no. 8-9 (October 4, 2021): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj81581.
Full textAbstract:
Strychnine antidotes. Haggarda. Greenberg report (I. Amer. MA t. 98, No. 14) that apomorphine in doses of 0.0065-0.013. injected under the skin in cases of human poisoning with lethal doses of strychnine, it gave relief from convulsions and other symptoms of poisoning and led to complete recovery (3 case histories are given).
12
Shinbara, Hisashi, Satomi Nagaoka, Yasuyuki Izutani, Masamichi Okubo, Keisaku Kimura, Kunio Mizunuma, and Eiji Sumiya. "Contribution of Adenosine to the Increase in Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Caused by Manual Acupuncture in Rats." Acupuncture in Medicine 35, no. 4 (August 2017): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2016-011152.
Full textAbstract:
Background and aim Adenosine is believed to play an important role in local acupuncture analgesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of adenosine to the increase in skeletal muscle blood flow (MBF) caused by manual acupuncture (MA). Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (310–360 g) were anaesthetised and divided into four equal groups (n=8 each): Saline, Saline+MA, Theophylline, and Theophylline+MA. In the two MA groups, the sparrow-pecking MA technique was applied at 30 repetitions per min for 1 min to a depth of 15–18 mm using a stainless steel acupuncture needle (0.20×40 mm). The stimulus point was located on the right tibialis anterior (TA) muscle 7–8 mm below the knee. Animals in the two theophylline groups were intra-arterially injected with 8-(p-sulphophenyl) theophylline, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, at a dose of 30 mg/kg before MA. Animals in the two saline groups received control saline. Fluorescent microspheres (15 µm in diameter, yellow-green fluorescent) were used for MBF measurement in all four groups. Results MA of the TA muscle significantly increased MBF (Saline+MA vs Saline: p=0.001; Saline+MA vs Theophylline: p=0.008). Pre-treatment with theophylline appeared to inhibit this increase (Theophylline vs Theophylline+MA; p=1.000). MBF in the Theophylline+MA group was 43% lower than in the Saline+MA group, although this was not significantly different (p=0.104). Conclusions The results suggest that adenosine leads to an increase in MBF caused by MA. Adenosine may play a role in acupuncture analgesia by washing out algesic substances. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the precise mechanism.
13
Yang, Ru-Yuan, Huang-Yu Chen, and Fu-Der Lai. "Performance Degradation of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Induced by Electrolytes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/902146.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the change of the electric characteristics in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) when the electrolyte has been injected and measured initially and lately for a period of time. It was found that the short-circuit current density decreased from 9.799 mA/cm2to 7.056 mA/cm2and the fill factor increased from 0.406 to 0.559 when the cell had stood for an hour, while the open-circuit photovoltage did not change due to fixed difference between the Fermi level of TiO2and the oxidation-reduction potential of electrolyte. The results can be explained by using the variation of the series resistance in the equivalent circuit of the DSSC.
14
Westhoff, Connie M., and Seth Alper. "Hereditary Stomatocytosis Associated with a Loss of Function Mutation In Rh-Associated Glycoprotein (RhAG)." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2040.2040.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 2040 The erythroid Rh family of proteins includes RhCE and RhD which carry the common Rh antigens, and the related Rh-associated glycoprotein, RhAG. RhAG is required for trafficking of the blood group proteins to the membrane and forms the core of a macro-complex in the membrane which includes glycophorin B, Band 3, CD47, and LW. The Rh proteins are structurally and functionally related to the Amt superfamily of NH3/NH4+ transport proteins, and RhAG and its nonerythroid paralogs, RhCG and RhBG, have been shown to mediate NH3/NH4+ transport. RhCG is responsible for part of renal collecting duct epithelial cell NH3/NH4+ secretion, and Rhcg-/- mice exhibit incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis due to impaired urinary NH4+ excretion. The Rhag-/- mouse is grossly normal, and the significance of RhAG-mediated NH3/NH4+ transport in human erythrocytes remains unclear. Over-hydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (OHSt) is a rare dominant disorder characterized by moderate hemolytic anemia, increased mean red cell volumes, stomatocytes and echinocytes, and increased red cell permeability to the monovalent cations, Na+ and K+. Six of the seven OHSt kindred studied by Bruce et al. (Blood. 2009;113:1350) displayed a heterozygous Phe65Ser mutation in RhAG. Expression studies of the mutant 65Ser-RhAG in Xenopus oocytes induced a monovalent cation flux compatible with the cation leak seen in RBCs. The increased Na+ and decreased K+ contents of mutant RhAG-expressing oocytes suggested that F65S is a gain-of-function mutation that opens a cation leak, likely within the RhAG polypeptide. In this study the ammonia transport properties of the OHSt mutant 65Ser-RhAG were investigated. Xenopus oocytes were injected with cRNA encoding wild-type RhAG, the OHSt mutant 65Ser-RhAG, and 65Val-RhAG, an engineered mutation with a smaller hydrophobic side chain at position 65. Wild-type and mutant RhAG polypeptides were well-expressed in the oocyte membrane as measured by quantitative immunoblotting. Uptake of the NH3/NH4+ substrate analog 14C-methylammonium (MA), was assayed in oocytes previously injected with water (control) or with cRNA. Expression of wild-type RhAG mediated MA uptake at rates 6-fold greater than that of water-injected controls. Uptake of MA by oocytes expressing 65Val-RhAG was equivalent to that of wild type RhAG. However, MA uptake by oocytes expressing OHSt mutant 65Ser-RhAG was greatly reduced to less than 20% that of oocytes expressing wild-type RHAG or 65Val-RhAG, and was only 1.5-fold greater than that of water-injected control oocytes. Co-expression with other, individual Rh complex members glycophorin B, RhD, RhCE, or Band 3 did not alter MA-mediated uptake by RhAG-expressing oocytes. Importantly, this study reveals that the RhAG mutation Phe65Ser found in patients with type 1 over-hydrated stomatocytosis is a loss of function mutation. Further study is required to define the relationship between loss of NH3/NH4+ transport and erythrocyte Na+ and K+ cation content. Disclosures: Westhoff: Immucor: Scientific Advisor.
15
Puttaparthi, Krishna, Daniel Markovich, Nabil Halaihel, Paul Wilson, Hubert K. Zajicek, Huamin Wang, Jürg Biber, Heini Murer, Thomas Rogers, and Moshe Levi. "Metabolic acidosis regulates rat renal Na-Si cotransport activity." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): C1398—C1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.6.c1398.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, we cloned a cDNA (NaSi-1) localized to rat renal proximal tubules and encoding the brush-border membrane (BBM) Na gradient-dependent inorganic sulfate (Si) transport protein (Na-Si cotransporter). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of metabolic acidosis (MA) on Na-Si cotransport activity and NaSi-1 protein and mRNA expression. In rats with MA for 24 h (but not 6 or 12 h), there was a significant increase in the fractional excretion of Si, which was associated with a 2.4-fold decrease in BBM Na-Sicotransport activity. The decrease in Na-Si cotransport correlated with a 2.8-fold decrease in BBM NaSi-1 protein abundance and a 2.2-fold decrease in cortical NaSi-1 mRNA abundance. The inhibitory effect of MA on BBM Na-Si cotransport was also sustained in rats with chronic (10 days) MA. In addition, in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with mRNA from kidney cortex, there was a significant reduction in the induced Na-Si cotransport in rats with MA compared with control rats, suggesting that MA causes a decrease in the abundance of functional mRNA encoding the NaSi-1 cotransporter. These findings indicate that MA reduces Si reabsorption by causing decreases in BBM Na-Si cotransport activity and that decreases in the expression of NaSi-1 protein and mRNA abundance, at least in part, play an important role in the inhibition of Na-Si cotransport activity during MA.
16
Liu, Guiqing, Richou Han, and Li Cao. "Artificial Cultivation of the Chinese Cordyceps From Injected Ghost Moth Larvae." Environmental Entomology 48, no. 5 (September 13, 2019): 1088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz099.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Chinese cordyceps, regarded as the ‘Himalayan Viagra’, is highly valued for its medicinal benefits. The decline of its yield due to over-exploitation and increased market demand have stimulated efforts to artificially cultivate Chinese cordyceps for over half a century. However, successful cultivation of Chinese cordyceps through caterpillar infection by the fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) and the induction of the fruiting body from each mummified cadaver remains difficult for its complex life cycle. Herein, we report the developmental dynamics of hyphal bodies in hemolymph of injected Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Tu, Ma & Zhang) larvae and the success in artificial cultivation of sexual fruiting bodies from the mummified cadavers in the low-altitude area. We find that not only the numbers of hyphal bodies but also the conversion of hyphal bodies into hyphae played important roles in the mummification of the injected larvae. This cultivation will be beneficial for sustainable utilization of natural resources and provides the possibility for further research on the mechanism of the interaction between pathogenic fungus and host insect.
17
Hussein, Hany A., Marco Tolone, Lucia Condorelli, Paola Galluzzo, Roberto Puleio, Irene Vazzana, Maria Luisa Scatassa, et al. "Preliminary Study on the Host Response to Bivalent and Monovalent Autogenous Vaccines against Mycoplasma agalactiae in Dairy Sheep." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2022): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9120651.
Full textAbstract:
In Italy, dairy sheep farming represents a vital agro-industry sector, but it is still challenged by contagious agalactia (CA), which is endemic there, and vaccination is the most economical and sustainable tool for control. This study aimed to evaluate the combined Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma)-Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) vaccine (Ma–Sa) against the Ma monovalent vaccine in ewes. Twelve primiparous Ma-free ewes were randomly grouped into three equal groups: first, the control group injected with placebo, second, the group vaccinated with the Ma monovalent vaccine, and third, the group vaccinated with Ma–Sa combined vaccine, with two S/C doses at 45-day intervals. The animals were examined for serological, hematological, and somatic cell count (SCC) changes for 17 successive weeks. A significant increase in anti-Ma antibody mean titers, leukocytes, and platelets was observed in the vaccinated animals, with the highest values in those who received the combined vaccine. Neutrophils were high only in the animals who received the combined vaccine. SCC was lower in the vaccinated animals during the first six weeks. This study concludes that the combined Ma–Sa vaccines enhance immune response and potentiate its efficacy against Ma. This improvement might be attributed to the sensitization/activation effect of S. aureus on platelets, which are recoded to act as a key regulator for the coordination of all components of the innate immune system. Even though this study included a small number of animals, its findings about the potentialities of this inactivated vaccine in the control of CA are strongly encouraging. Further confirmation might be needed through additional replicates and a challenge study is needed before proceeding with widespread use.
18
Zhou, Wenyuan, Kai Xing, Suyi Dou, Qingchun Yang, and Xu Xu. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Mixing Process of Supercritical Jet Injected into a Supersonic Crossflow." Aerospace 9, no. 11 (October 22, 2022): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110631.
Full textAbstract:
The mixing process and distribution characteristics of a supercritical endothermic hydrocarbon fuel (EHF) jet injected into a supersonic crossflow were investigated by experimental and numerical methods, respectively. The schlieren system and acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) optical system were used to capture the flow-field structural characteristics and instantaneous plume. The mixture and real gas models were employed to calculate the interaction of a transverse jet and supersonic crossflow and reveal a good accuracy with the experimental results. The mixing efficiency and total pressure loss were analyzed based on the numerical results. The results indicate that the supercritical-state EHF directly changes to a gaseous state as it enters the supersonic crossflow from the injector. The EHF jet plume boundary increases with the increasing momentum flux ratio (q). As the streamwise and spanwise distance increases, the traverse heights and expand width increase, and the EHF jet plume presents a semicircle shape in the cross-sectional plane. With the increase in the traverse direction, the concentration distribution shows a fast and then slow power exponential decreasing law; the highest concentration point starts from the near-wall region and rises in the transverse direction with the flow distance increasing. For the same injection condition, the higher the inflow Mach number, the higher the mixing efficiency. For the same Ma, the mixing efficiency is better for the case with low injection pressure and high injection temperature. The total pressure loss is greater in the higher Ma, and high injection pressure conditions cause greater total pressure loss.
19
Hong, S.-J., D. Zhang, L.-H. Zhang, P. Yang, J. Wan, Y. Yu, T.-H. Wang, Z.-T. Feng, L.-H. Li, and DTW Yew. "Expression of dopamine transporter in the different cerebral regions of methamphetamine-dependent rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 34, no. 7 (December 9, 2014): 707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327114555929.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To observe the expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in six cerebral regions of a methamphetamine (MA)-dependent rat, which were frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens septi, striatum, hippocampus, substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Methods: The rats were administrated intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg/day of MA for 10 days consecutively; the behaviour changes were measured via the conditioned place preference (CPP), and the scores of stereotyped behaviour (SB) were used to confirm animal addiction. Then, the animals were further injected with MA respectively for 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks to establish different periods of MA-dependent models. The expressions of DAT and DAT messenger RNA in six cerebral regions were detected. Results: The results of CPP and SB scores were significant different when comparing all four experimental groups with the control group ( p < 0.05). Comparing between different experimental groups, the expression of DAT mainly decreased and had dynamic changes in the same regions ( p < 0.05). Comparing the different regions with each other in the same experimental group, the expression of DAT also had significant difference in several regions p < 0.05). Conclusions: The expression of DAT mainly decreased and had different in the six cerebral regions at the same MA-dependent time period as well as at different time periods in the same cerebral region. It was speculated that DAT might play a crucial role in the mechanism of MA dependence.
20
Song, Simin, Yuan Xu, Jiang Liu, Yadi Jia, Xiaowei Lin, YangYang Liu, Yi Guo, Hong Wang, and Yongming Guo. "Strong Twirling-Rotating Manual Acupuncture with 4 r/s Is Superior to 2 r/s in Relieving Pain by Activating C-Fibers in Rat Models of CFA-Induced Pain." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (October 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5528780.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Manual acupuncture (MA) with different stimulus frequencies may give rise to varying acupuncture effects. However, the intensity-effect relationship and the underlying mechanisms of MA remain unclear. Objective. To compare the analgesic effects of different frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on rats with complete Freund’s adjuvant- (CFA-) induced pain and explore the underlying mechanism via peripheral sensory nerves. Methods. First, 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 2 revolutions per second), 4 r/s MA group (twirling-rotating MA with the frequency of 4 revolutions per second), CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA group. Rats in three CFA groups received an intraplantar injection of CFA to establish a pain model, while the rats in other three groups received an intraplantar injection of saline. Rats in the 2 r/s MA group and 4 r/s MA group were treated with the corresponding frequencies of twirling-rotating MA on bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Kunlun (BL60) for 7 days. The ipsilateral nociceptive thresholds (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) were tested to evaluate the analgesic effects. Second, 9 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, 2 r/s MA group, and 4 r/s MA group. The proportion of C-fiber neurons (calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP-) positive neurons) and A-fiber neurons (neurofilament 200- (NF200-) positive neurons) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) activated by MA were quantitatively analyzed with the morphological immunofluorescence staining method. Third, 30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, CFA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA group, CFA + 2 r/s MA + RTX group, CFA + 4 r/s MA group, and CFA + 4 r/s MA + RTX group. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) was injected into the acupoints before acupuncture. PWL was evaluated to investigate the analgesic effect. Results. Both types of MA treatment increased the PWL of saline-injecting rats and pain model rats. Moreover, 4 r/s MA was superior to 2 r/s MA in increasing PWL. A higher quantity of excited C-fiber neurons was observed following 4 r/s MA than 2 r/s MA, while the reverse was observed in the activation of A-fiber neurons. Following the injection of RTX to inhibit the activation of C-fibers, the analgesic effect of 4 r/s MA reduced significantly but not of 2 r/s MA. Conclusion. Strong MA (4 r/s MA) has superior analgesic effects to gentle MA (2 r/s MA) on CFA model rats, which is associated with C-fiber activation.
21
Shinbara, Hisashi, Masamichi Okubo, Keisaku Kimura, Kunio Mizunuma, and Eiji Sumiya. "Contributions of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandins to the Local Increase in Muscle Blood Flow following Manual Acupuncture in Rats." Acupuncture in Medicine 33, no. 1 (February 2015): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2014-010634.
Full textAbstract:
Objective To investigate the contributions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs) to the increase in local muscle blood flow (MBF) observed following manual acupuncture (MA). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=112; 250–310 g) were injected intraperitoneally with a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride: L-NAME; 10, 50 or 500 mg/kg), a non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin; 10, 50 or 500 mg/kg), a combination of L-NAME and indomethacin (500 mg/kg each) or saline only under urethane anaesthesia (1.2 g/kg). We used the sparrow pecking technique for 1 min with a stainless steel acupuncture needle (0.20×30 mm) as the acupuncture stimulation method. The stimulus point was on the right tibialis anterior muscle. 51Chromium-labelled microspheres were used for MBF measurement. Results MA increased MBF in the saline-injected group (p<0.001). This increase was partially inhibited by L-NAME in a dose-dependent manner (p>0.05, p<0.05 and p<0.001 for 10, 50 and 500 mg/kg, respectively). On the other hand, indomethacin did not suppress the increase (p>0.05 each for 10, 50 and 500 mg/kg). No significant difference was observed between the inhibitory effects of combined administration of L-NAME and indomethacin and single administration of L-NAME (p>0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that NO is a major factor in the MA-induced increase in MBF, while PGs do not contribute significantly to this increase. As complete inhibition was not achieved by administration of L-NAME±indomethacin, it appears that non-NO and non-PG vasodilators are additionally involved.
22
Hageskov, B., and S. Pedersen. "Rb-Sr age determination of the Kattsund-Koster dyke swarm in the Østfold-Marstrand belt of the Sveconorwegian Province, W Sweden - SE Norway." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 37 (October 14, 1988): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1988-37-05.
Full textAbstract:
The Kattsund-Koster dyke swarm in the Sveconorwegian Province of the Baltic shield is a dense swarm of evolved tholeiites derived from N-MORB type parental magmas selectively contaminated with K, Rb and Ba. In the Koster archipelago the NNE-SSW trending dyke swarm enters a ductile sinistral shear zone in the margin of which the dolerites are partially recrystallised metadolerites. In the highly deformed interior of the shear zone the dykes are completely recrystallised to amphibolites. Rb-Sr isotope analyses have been carried out on samples of the dolerites and the partially recrystallised metadolerites. A profile through one dolerite yields a whole rock age of 1421 ± 25 Ma with a (87Srl"6S)0 ratio of 0. 7028 ± 0.0002. Samples of the dolerites and partially recrystallised metadolerites lie close to the isochron. The age of 1421 Ma indicates that the dyke swarm is the oldest member of a 1420-1300(?) Ma old bimodal suite of tholeiites and potassic granites, which were injected into the crust under tensional conditions.
23
Jing, Huang, Wu Maodong, Sun Zhenjie, and Li Aimin. "Protective Effect of Aloperine on Dopamine Neurons of Parkinson's Disease by Activating Autophagy." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2020.2367.
Full textAbstract:
Objection: To investigate whether Aloperine protects dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) by activating autophagy and discuss its specific mechanism. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were performed treated with MPTP (30 mg/kg) once daily for 7 d continuously to establish PD models. Dividing mice into Normal, Model, Alo and Alo+3-methyladenine (3-MA) groups. Aloperine (80 mg/kg) and Aloperine (80 mg/kg)+ 3-MA (2 mg/kg) were added into the mice of Alo and Alo+ 3-MA groups at the time of MPTP injection once daily. In the normal control group, sterile saline was injected into the abdomen simultaneously (30 ml/kg). Measuring apoptosis cell number by TUNEL assay, evaluating TH positive cell number, LAMP2A, α-Syn and LC3 including LC3-I and LC3-II proteins expression by IHC assay. Results: The apoptosis cell number of Model group was significantly increased (P < 0 05); Alo treatment, apoptosis cell number was significantly depressed (P < 0 05); while, the 3-MA supplement, the apoptosis cell number was significantly up-regulation (P < 0 05). Meanwhile, with Alo supplement, the relative protein including LAMP2A, -Syn, LC3-I and LC3-II proteins expressions were improved. Conclusion: Alo improved Parkinson's disease via regulation autophagy in vivo study.
24
Flowers, Rebecca M., Francis A. Macdonald, Christine S. Siddoway, and Rachel Havranek. "Diachronous development of Great Unconformities before Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 19 (April 27, 2020): 10172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913131117.
Full textAbstract:
The Great Unconformity marks a major gap in the continental geological record, separating Precambrian basement from Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks. However, the timing, magnitude, spatial heterogeneity, and causes of the erosional event(s) and/or depositional hiatus that lead to its development are unknown. We present field relationships from the 1.07-Ga Pikes Peak batholith in Colorado that constrain the position of Cryogenian and Cambrian paleosurfaces below the Great Unconformity. Tavakaiv sandstone injectites with an age of ≥676 ± 26 Ma cut Pikes Peak granite. Injection of quartzose sediment in bulbous bodies indicates near-surface conditions during emplacement. Fractured, weathered wall rock around Tavakaiv bodies and intensely altered basement fragments within unweathered injectites imply still earlier regolith development. These observations provide evidence that the granite was exhumed and resided at the surface prior to sand injection, likely before the 717-Ma Sturtian glaciation for the climate appropriate for regolith formation over an extensive region of the paleolandscape. The 510-Ma Sawatch sandstone directly overlies Tavakaiv-injected Pikes granite and drapes over core stones in Pikes regolith, consistent with limited erosion between 717 and 510 Ma. Zircon (U-Th)/He dates for basement below the Great Unconformity are 975 to 46 Ma and are consistent with exhumation by 717 Ma. Our results provide evidence that most erosion below the Great Unconformity in Colorado occurred before the first Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth and therefore cannot be a product of glacial erosion. We propose that multiple Great Unconformities developed diachronously and represent regional tectonic features rather than a synchronous global phenomenon.
25
Xie, Xi, Chen Chen, Cang-Bao Xu, Jie Lin, Lei Cao, Gen Chen, and Jie Li. "The Class III PI3K/Beclin-1 Autophagic Pathway Participates in the mmLDL-Induced Upregulation of ETA Receptor in Mouse Mesenteric Arteries." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020 (April 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5070436.
Full textAbstract:
Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The current study explored the effect of mmLDL on the endothelin type A (ETA) receptor in mouse mesenteric arteries in vivo, as well as the role of autophagy in this process. mmLDL was injected via the caudal vein, and the Class III PI3K autophagic pathway inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was injected intraperitoneally. The animals were divided into physiological saline (NS), mmLDL, and mmLDL + 3-MA groups. The dose-effect curve of endothelin-1- (ET-1-) induced mesenteric artery contraction was measured using myography, while ETA receptor mRNA expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reactions, and the protein levels of the ETA receptor, class III PI3K, Beclin-1, LC3 II/I, p62, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB were observed using Western blot analysis. mmLDL significantly strengthened ET-1-induced contraction (the Emax value increased from 184.87 ± 7.46% in the NS group to 319.91 ± 20.31% in the mmLDL group (P<0.001), and the pEC50 value increased from 8.05 ± 0.05 to 9.11 ± 0.09 (P<0.01). In addition to upregulating the protein levels of Class III PI3K, Beclin-1, and LC3 II/I and downregulating that of p62, mmLDL significantly increased the mRNA expression and protein level of the ETA receptor and increased the protein level of p-NF-κB. However, these effects were significantly inhibited by 3-MA. mmLDL activates autophagy via the Class III PI3K/Beclin-1 pathway and upregulates the ETA receptor via the downstream NF-κB pathway. Understanding the effect of mmLDL on the ETA receptor and the underlying mechanisms may provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
26
Rigaud, Marcel, Patrick Filip, Philipp Lirk, Andreas Fuchs, Geza Gemes, and Quinn Hogan. "Guidance of Block Needle Insertion by Electrical Nerve Stimulation." Anesthesiology 109, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318182af0b.
Full textAbstract:
Background Little is known regarding the final needle tip location when various intensities of nerve stimulation are used to guide block needle insertion. Therefore, in control and hyperglycemic dogs, the authors examined whether lower-intensity stimulation results in injection closer to the sciatic nerve than higher-threshold stimulation. Methods During anesthesia, the sciatic nerve was approached with an insulated nerve block needle emitting either 1 mA (high-current group, n = 9) or 0.5 mA (low-current group, n = 9 in control dogs and n = 6 in hyperglycemic dogs). After positioning to obtain a distal motor response, the lowest current producing a response was identified, and ink (0.5 ml) was injected. Frozen sections of the tissue revealed whether the ink was in contact with the epineurium of the nerve, distant to it, or within it. Results In control dogs, the patterns of distribution using high-threshold (final current 0.99 +/- 0.03 mA, mean +/- SD) and low-threshold (final current 0.33 +/- 0.08 mA) stimulation equally showed ink that was in contact with the epineurium or distant to it. One needle placement in the high-threshold group resulted in intraneural injection. In hyperglycemic dogs, all needle insertions used a low-threshold technique (n = 6, final threshold 0.35 +/- 0.08 mA), and all resulted in intraneural injections. Conclusions In normal dogs, current stimulation levels in the range of 0.33-1.0 mA result in needle placement comparably close to the sciatic nerve but do not correlate with distance from the target nerve. In this experimental design, low-threshold electrical stimulation does not offer satisfactory protection against intraneural injection in the presence of hyperglycemia.
27
Feng, Lin, Jian Wang, and Chao Ding. "A Fire Warning Method Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2921.
Full textAbstract:
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology is adopted herein to detect fire gas produced in the early stage of the fire. Based on this technology, a fire warning detection system with multiple lasers and detectors is proposed. Multiple drivers input laser’s temperature and injected current data, making its output wavelength consistent with the measured gas’ absorption peak wavelengths in absorption spectroscopy. Multiple light beams are coupled to the same optical fiber. After the light beams pass through the long optical path absorption cell filled with fire gas, the beams are separated by a converter. The signals are demodulated by different detectors and further analyzed for fire warnings. After the fire warning system’s design, the system’s various hardware modules are designed, including the light source module, TDLAS controller, gas chamber module, photoelectric detector, and data collection. When the temperature remains unchanged, the output wavelength is linearly related to the injected current. When the injected current remains unchanged, the output wavelength is linearly related to the operating temperature. With a semiconductor laser’s injected current of 40 mA, the initial temperature of 38.6 °C, and the output wavelength of 1578.16 nm, the output wavelength increases continuously as the temperature increases. The harmonic signal amplitude after gas absorption is positively correlated with the measured gas concentration, indicating that the second harmonic signals can estimate the fire gas concentration.
28
Sanders, Ira, Bei-Lian Wu, Warren M. Kraus, Jonathan E. Aviv, Bruce Morel, and Hugh F. Biller. "Transmucosal Electrical Stimulation of Laryngeal Muscles." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 5 (May 1989): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909800505.
Full textAbstract:
A new technique is described that enables discrete activation of individual laryngeal muscles by electrical stimulation across overlying mucosa. In 15 dogs, we defined six distinct motor points by transmucosal stimulation at 3 mA while observing the resulting characteristic position of the arytenoid and true vocal cord. Five dogs were then paralyzed with succinylcholine in order to simulate bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Application of a 3-mA stimulus at each motor point yielded no motion of the cords, but when the current was increased to 20 mA, characteristic responses were elicited. In five other dogs, botulinum toxin was injected directly into laryngeal muscles. Stimulation was used in an attempt to quantify the degree of neuromuscular blockade. In the last group of five dogs, we simulated cricoarytenoid arthritis by scarifying the joint. The extent and nature of the joint's impairment could be demonstrated by stimulation. Transmucosal stimulation appears promising as a clinical technique for correlating particular vocal cord movements and thresholds of activation with specific laryngeal disorders. Additionally, such a technique may be useful in clarifying how each laryngeal muscle acts upon the cricoarytenoid joint.
29
Yu, Zhi, Xin Cao, Youbing Xia, Binbin Ren, Hong Feng, Yali Wang, Jingfeng Jiang, and Bin Xu. "Electroacupuncture Stimulation at CV12 Inhibits Gastric Motility via TRPV1 Receptor." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/294789.
Full textAbstract:
Gastric dysmotility is one of the major pathophysiological factors in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Acupuncture, as one of the alternative approaches, is efficacious in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders; however, the mechanism underlying its action is unclear. In the present study, we used both capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, and TRPV1 knockout mice. Animals were divided into wild-type group (WT), capsazepine injection group (CZP, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and TRPV1 knockout mice group (TRPV1−/−). Each of these three groups was divided into three subgroups, which were subjected to EA stimulation at acupoint Zhongwan (CV12) at a different intensity (1, 2, or 4 mA). We demonstrated that electroacupuncture at Zhongwan (CV12) markedly inhibited gastric motility at 2 and 4 mA in an intensity-dependent manner in wild-type mice. The inhibitory effect was also observed in capsazepine-injected and TRPV1−/−mice but was no longer intensity dependent, indicating that TRPV1 is partially involved in the electroacupuncture-mediated modulation of gastric motility.
30
Khuyen, Bui Xuan, Vu Thi Hong Hanh, Bui Son Tung, Vu Dinh Lam, Young Ju Kim, YoungPak Lee, Hua-Tian Tu, and Liang Yao Chen. "Narrow/Broad-Band Absorption Based on Water-Hybrid Metamaterial." Crystals 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050415.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, the possibility of a switchable metamaterial absorber is proposed to control absorption bandwidth in the WiMAX/LTE (worldwide interoperability for microwave access/long term evolution) band, by taking advantage of the low cost and myriad structural configurations afforded by water-based metamaterials. By exploiting truncated cone-type resonators, the fractional bandwidth of 27.6% of absorption spectrum can be adjusted flexibly to be 7.4% of the narrow-band absorption depending on the volume of injected water, in both simulation and experiment at room temperature. In particular, this control method can be applied stably for different temperature of injected water. We describe a dynamic mechanism for broadband MA, as well as a principle for controlling the absorption characteristics utilizing a combination of magnetic resonance and perfect impedance matching. These results are a stepping-stone towards the realization of smart electronics integrated with multi-functional metamaterials in military, biomedical, communication and other fields.
31
Kamitsubo, H. "SPring-8 Program." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597018517.
Full textAbstract:
SPring-8 is a third-generation synchrotron radiation source operating in the soft and hard X-ray region. It consists of an injector linac of 1 GeV, a booster synchrotron of 8 GeV and a storage ring with a natural emittance of 5.9 nm rad. The storage ring can accommodate 61 beamlines in total, and 26 of them are under construction. The project has been carried out jointly by JAERI and RIKEN and construction of the facility started in 1991. Commissioning of the injector linac was started in August 1996 and an 8 GeV electron beam was injected into the storage ring in March 1997. The first synchrotron radiation from a bending magnet was observed at the front end of the beamline on 25 March and radiation from an undulator was observed on 23 April. On-beam testing of seven beamlines, four of them from in-vacuum undulators and three from bending magnets, started in July. The maximum stored current is currently fixed at 20 mA and the lifetime at maximum current is longer than 20 h. The dedication is scheduled for October 1997.
32
Holvoet, P., J. M. Stassen, Y. Hashimoto, D. Spriggs, P. Devos, and D. Collen. "Binding Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Fragment D-Dimer of Cross-Linked Fibrin to Human Plasma Clots in an In Vivo Model in Rabbits." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 61, no. 02 (1989): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1646582.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryTwo (MA-15C5 and MA-8D3) out of approximately 500 monoclonal antibodies, obtained by fusion of P3X63-Ag8-6.5.3 myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with purified fragment D-dimer from human fibrin, demonstrated a more than 1,000-fold higher affinity for fragment D-dimer than for native fibrinogen. MA-15C5 was directed against a neoantigenic determinant only expressed in fragment D-dimer. MA-8D3 reacted equally well with fragment D-dimer of crosslinked fibrin and with fragment D of non-crosslinked fibrin but not with fragment D of fibrinogen. Both monoclonal antibodies did not crossreact with rabbit fibrin and its degradation products.The binding of 125I-labeled Fab fragments to human plasma clots, introduced and aged for 1 hr in the jugular vein of heparinized rabbits was studied. Following injection of an equimolar mixture of Fab fragments derived from MA-15C5 and MA-8D3, the clot to blood ratios of radioactivity increased from 3.2 ± 1.2(mean ± SD) at 4 hr to 7.2 ± 1.4 at 17 hr. The binding of Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3 was independent of the age (1 to 72hrs) of the clot and of heparin anticoagulation and was only slightly decreased (by 20%) in the presence of circulating human fibrinogen (90 mg/kg body weight) and of human crosslinked fibrin degradation products at a plasma concentration of 10 pg/ml. The binding of Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3 to occlusive human plasma clots in the femoral artery of rabbits was comparable to that of the non-occlusive human plasma clots in the jugular vein. The Fab fragments of MA-15C5 and MA-8D3, labeled with 123I to a specific activity of 10 μCi/pg were injected intravenously (3 μg/kg) in 72 rabbits with a nonocclusive 0.2 ml human plasma clot in the jugular vein and in 7 control rabbits that underwent the surgical procedure without clot formation. Total body scans performed at hourly intervals revealed a higher relative increase in gamma counts over the thrombus region in the group with thrombus as compared to controls: at 6 hr 54 ± 18 vs 16 ± 13% (mean ± SEM, p <0.1) and at12 hrs 35 ± 11 vs –7 ± 12 (p <0.05). The vein segment to blood ratios of 123I at 24 hrs were 6.6 ± 2.4 in the group with clot and 1.5 to 0.7 in the control group (p <0.01). We conclude that these Fab fragments may have a sufficiently high fibrin-affinity to allow in vivo thrombus localization by external scanning.
33
Hori, Manabu, and Mihoko Takahashi. "Phenotypic conversion of mating type specificity induced by transplantation of macronucleoplasm in Paramecium caudatum." Genetical Research 63, no. 2 (April 1994): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300032201.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryAccording to the classical genetic analysis in Paramecium caudatum by Tsukii & Hiwatashi (1983), the E mating type of each syngen is expressed when the cell bears alleles specific for syngen at the Mt locus. The O mating type is expressed when cells are homozygous for the null allele, mt, at the Mt locus. In such mt/mt cells the O syngen specificity is determined by alleles at two other loci called MA and MB. Inthe study reported here, macronucleoplasmic transplantation technique was used to test the above hypothesis. When macronucleoplasm of type E3 (mating type E of syngen 3) was injected into a macronucleus of type O12 (mating type O of syngen 12), some recipients changed to type E of the donor syngen but some others changed to type E of the recipient syngen. Thus, syngen specificity of donor macronucleoplasm controlling type E was converted into that of the recipients, even though the latter has no gene that controls type E. When this transformant expressing type E of the recipiexnt syngen was re-injected back into E of the other syngen, the expression of the converted mating type in some way continued in the recipient. This suggests that syngen specificity of gene Mt of the donor was changed to that of the recipients by intersyngenic transplantation of macronucleoplasm. We also obtained results suggesting that the gene dosage ratio of Mt to mt or Mt to MA and MB may be important for syngen specific expression of type E.
34
Wang, Wen-Qian, Yu-Dong Xu, Long-Ping Cui, Lei-Miao Yin, Yu Wang, Yan-Yan Liu, and Yong-Qing Yang. "Acupuncture Has a Positive Effect on Asthmatic Rats in a Glucocorticoid-Independent Manner." Acupuncture in Medicine 34, no. 6 (December 2016): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2015-010934.
Full textAbstract:
Background There is some evidence to support the use of acupuncture as an alternative therapy for asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects are not fully understood. We have reported previously that acupuncture has beneficial effects on asthma without changing the concentration of serum cortisol, although endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) plays an important role in regulating immune responses. Objective In this study, bilateral adrenalectomy (removal of both adrenal glands) was performed in rats before asthma model induction to investigate whether acupuncture influences asthma in a GC-dependent manner. Methods Adrenal-intact and adrenalectomised rats were injected with ovalbumin to induce asthma and then left untreated or treated with manual acupuncture (MA) at GV14, bilateral BL12 and bilateral BL13, or manual restraint without MA. Healthy and sham-adrenalectomised control groups were also included. Pulmonary resistance (RL), serum concentrations of corticosterone, and eosinophil counts were measured at the end of the experimental course. Sera from adrenal-intact and adrenalectomised asthmatic rats treated with acupuncture were injected into untreated adrenal-intact and adrenalectomised asthmatic rats to investigate further the potential role of GC in the effect of acupuncture. Results Acupuncture significantly decreased RL and eosinophil count in both adrenal-intact and adrenalectomised asthmatic rats. Moreover, administration of sera derived from acupuncture-treated adrenal-intact and adrenalectomised asthmatic rats attenuated the increase in RL and eosinophil count in both asthmatic models. Conclusions Results of this study suggest that endogenous GC is not a key contributor to the effects of acupuncture on asthma, and that acupuncture may have potentially therapeutic effects on asthma in a GC-independent manner.
35
Boriboon, Budsara, Duang-rudee Worasucheep, Atsushi Matsumoto, Kouichi Akahane, Naokatsu Yamamoto, and Naoya Wada. "Optimized design of QD-LD toward QD-SOA to achieve 35-dB maximum chip gain with 400-mA injected current." Optics Communications 475 (November 2020): 126238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126238.
Full text
36
Li, Bin, Liang Xue, Nan Ji, and Da Hui Wei. "Research on Spectroscopy Modulation of a Distributed Feedback Laser Diode Based on the TDLAS Technique." International Journal of Optics 2021 (July 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8829790.
Full textAbstract:
Laser current and temperature control circuits have been developed for a distributed feedback laser diode, which is applied as the light source of a tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy system. The laser’s temperature fluctuation can be limited within the range of −0.02 to 0.02°C, and good operation stability was observed through 15 hours of monitoring on the emitting wavelength of the laser. Response time of temperature modulation was tested which is suitable for the tuning requirements of gas detection systems. Laser current can be injected within the range from 40 to 80 mA. In addition, a linear power supply circuit has been developed to provide stable and low-noise power supply for the system. The physical principles of laser modulation theory are discussed before experiments. Experiments show that the output wavelength of the laser can be tuned accurately through changing the working current and temperature. The wavelength can be linearly controlled by temperature at 0.115 nm/°C (I = 70 mA) and be controlled by current at 0.0140 nm/mA (T = 25°C). This is essential for the tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy systems. The proposed cost-effective circuits can replace commercial instruments to drive the laser to meet the requirements of methane detection experiments. It can also be applied to detect other gases by changing the light source lasers and parameters of the circuits.
37
Cadman, Andrew C., Steve R. Noble, John Tarney, R. Graham Park, A. Bruce Ryan, and Kate R. Royse. "U-Pb ages of syndeformational dykes associated with the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite, Labrador." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 3 (March 25, 1999): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-101.
Full textAbstract:
Field and U-Pb zircon geochronological studies in a suite of crosscutting, deformed, and metamorphosed basic dykes show that they were emplaced in a syndeformational environment between 1328 ± 2 and 1316.5 ± 1.6 Ma. Earlier dykes in the suite are granulitic, commonly folded along north-south axes or strongly rotated into north-south-trending shear zones. Later dykes are metamorphosed to amphibolite grade. These sometimes retain igneous porphyritic textures and occasionally crosscut the granulite dykes. The amphibolite dykes were emplaced in a less ductile crustal environment and a structural environment less dominated by shear deformation. Both granulitic and to a lesser extent amphibolite dykes show evidence of synshear emplacement. The episode of emplacement is broadly coeval with the injection of the mid-Proterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS) and suggests that the dykes were injected as a series of leaks from NPS feeder chambers. If so, the granulite dykes may represent leaks intruded near the culmination of NPS activity, whereas the amphibolite dykes were probably injected during the waning phase of tectono-thermal conditions.
38
Kashyap, Rajan, Sagarika Bhattacharjee, Ramaswamy Arumugam, Rose Dawn Bharath, Kaviraja Udupa, Kenichi Oishi, John E. Desmond, S. H. Annabel Chen, and Cuntai Guan. "Focality-Oriented Selection of Current Dose for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090940.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), the injected current becomes distributed across the brain areas. The objective is to stimulate the target region of interest (ROI) while minimizing the current in non-target ROIs (the ‘focality’ of tDCS). For this purpose, determining the appropriate current dose for an individual is difficult. Aim: To introduce a dose–target determination index (DTDI) to quantify the focality of tDCS and examine the dose–focality relationship in three different populations. Method: Here, we extended our previous toolbox i-SATA to the MNI reference space. After a tDCS montage is simulated for a current dose, the i-SATA(MNI) computes the average (over voxels) current density for every region in the brain. DTDI is the ratio of the average current density at the target ROI to the ROI with a maximum value (the peak region). Ideally, target ROI should be the peak region, so DTDI shall range from 0 to 1. The higher the value, the better the dose. We estimated the variation of DTDI within and across individuals using T1-weighted brain images of 45 males and females distributed equally across three age groups: (a) young adults (20 ≤ x ˂ 40 years), (b) mid adults (40 ≤ x ˂ 60 years), and (c) older adults (60 ≤ x ˂ 80 years). DTDI’s were evaluated for the frontal montage with electrodes at F3 and the right supraorbital for three current doses of 1 mA, 2 mA, and 3 mA, with the target ROI at the left middle frontal gyrus. Result: As the dose is incremented, DTDI may show (a) increase, (b) decrease, and (c) no change across the individuals depending on the relationship (nonlinear or linear) between the injected tDCS current and the distribution of current density in the target ROI. The nonlinearity is predominant in older adults with a decrease in focality. The decline is stronger in males. Higher current dose at older age can enhance the focality of stimulation. Conclusion: DTDI provides information on which tDCS current dose will optimize the focality of stimulation. The recommended DTDI dose should be prioritized based on the age (>40 years) and sex (especially for males) of an individual. The toolbox i-SATA(MNI) is freely available.
39
Leake, Bernard Elgey. "Stoping and the mechanisms of emplacement of the granites in the Western Ring Complex of the Galway granite batholith, western Ireland." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101100911x.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe western end of the Galway granite batholith demonstrates the importance of stoping as a granite emplacement process, which is currently controversial, and also of space generation by uplift of the centre of a ring complex. The granite rings are shown (with a coloured 1:25 000 geological map) to be consanguineous, near coeval, and older than the 407–410 Ma late molybdenite mineralisation. A newly-recognised Mace–Ards granite, around and injected by the Aplitic Murvey-type granite of the ring core (both lacking hornblende and titanite), has biotite–muscovite–cordierite orbs and sulphide–granite orbs, showing separation of immiscible hydrous and sulphide fluids from the late magma which, with vugs, indicates a low pressure, near-roof site. The outer ring of the Errisbeg Townland granite (ETG, the main batholith granite with K-feldspar phenocrysts), was emplaced by progressive outward stoping of the country rock metagabbro, as shown by mapping, and by chemical fractionation of feldspars, biotites and bulk rocks, to the marginal, dry, fine-grained aphyric, in part garnetiferous, highly fractionated, siliceous Murvey granite. Stoping ceased when, after previously invading dense metagabbro, the outer ring complex reached the low-density Roundstone granite, which is shown for the first time to be older than the Galway batholith. This arresting of the batholith intrusion shows that stoping was such a significant process that emplacement ceased when stoping became impossible. The inside edge of the ETG grades into the slightly later, intrusive, aphyric Carna granite, which shows inward fractionation to the wet magma of the Mace–Ards granite. The ring complex core was injected by highly fractionated, dry, Aplitic Murvey-type granite, intensely hydrothermally altered by late magmatic water. The radially outward dipping, inclined igneous layering in the ETG shows that the original ETG centre was pushed upwards by the intruded Carna granite and eroded away. The Galway granite and its nearby magmatism matches the low Ba and Sr, high Th and Rb, Scottish Cairngorm Suite and similarly has few appinitic rocks associated with it. Magmatism extended over >45 Myr from ∼425 Ma to 380 Ma. It originated by slab breakoff and consequent rise of the asthenosphere, causing deep crustal melting.
40
Scherbina, A. I., and S. V. Burdyukh. "Formation of Dusty Structures in Spherical Glow Discharge." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 56, no. 12 (February 2, 2022): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe56.12.1318.
Full textAbstract:
We study, for the first time, plasma-dust structures in the spherical geometry of a discharge, which are formed either spontaneously or specially. High molecular gases, such as acetone and ethyl alcohol, are used for the generation of strata. Strata are required for the formation of structures of injected grains. The generation of grains in air plasma occurs spontaneously, and a structure is formed around the anode, when strata are not observed. Experiments were carried out in the range of pressures 30–100 Pa at a discharge current of 20–30 mA. To control the chemical composition of the gas environment, mass-spectrometry is used.
41
Xie, Xuefang, and Michael G. Brown. "MHC class I Dk gene expression licenses Ly49G2+ NK cell function and rescues MCMV susceptibility (128.19)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 128.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.128.19.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract NK cell-mediated murine CMV (MCMV) resistance is under H-2k genetic control in MA/My mice, however the underlying gene(s) is unclear. We generated a panel of intra-H-2 recombinant congenic mouse strains to map a 0.3-Mb critical interval in the H-2 class I D subregion. The interval spans 30 genes including the class I Dk gene. Because Ly49 NK cell receptors are licensed by and responsive to MHC class I molecules, Dk is a positional candidate. Thus, a 10-kb Dk genomic DNA was cloned and injected into MCMV susceptible (Cmvs) (MA/My.L-H2b x C57L)F1 blastocysts. A transgenic founder (Tg3-Dk) mouse was healthy and competent in germline transgene transmission. We separately backcrossed Tg3-Dk to both C57L and MA/My.L-H2b Cmvs genetic backgrounds and found that Dk was expressed at the cell surface of leukocytes only in Tg3-Dk offspring. Importantly, Tg3-Dk gene expression conferred virus resistance; Tg3-Dk offspring spleens had ~1000-fold lower MCMV at 90 h after infection than non-transgenic littermate controls. MCMV resistance in this system may need Dk-licensed Ly49G2+ NK cells. In support, we have found that Ly49G2+ NK cells are selectively licensed in, and preferentially expand and become activated during MCMV infection in Dk-expressing C57L.M-H2k(R7) congenic mice. This is under study in Tg3-Dk mice. We conclude that Dk gene expression is essential in H-2k MCMV resistance. Supported by NIH R01 AI50072.
42
Yu, Sheng-Fu, Sheng-Po Chang, Shoou-Jinn Chang, Ray-Ming Lin, Hsin-Hung Wu, and Wen-Ching Hsu. "Characteristics of InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes on Patterned Sapphire Substrates with Various Pattern Heights." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/346915.
Full textAbstract:
The optical and electrical characteristics of InGaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs) with different pattern heights and on planar sapphire by atmospheric-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. Compared with planar sapphire, it was found that the LED electroluminescence intensity is significantly enhanced on PSSs with pattern heights of 0.5 (21%), 1.1 (57%), 1.5 (81%), and 1.9 (91%) μm at an injected current of 20 mA. The increased light intensity exhibits the same trend in a TracePro simulation. In addition, it was also found that the level of leakage current depends on the density of V-shape defects, which were measured by scanning electron microscopy.
43
Torikoshi, M., M. Endo, M. Kumada, K. Noda, S. Yamada, and K. Kawachi. "Design of a compact synchrotron light source for medical applications at NIRS." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597013770.
Full textAbstract:
A synchrotron light source dedicated to medical applications is required to be compact for installation in limited spaces at hospitals. The NIRS storage ring, with a circumference of 44.8 m, is designed to accelerate electrons up to 1.8 GeV and to store a beam of 400 mA. The ring is composed of superconducting bending magnets for downsizing. A beam of 300 MeV is injected into the ring from a microtron operated at an L-band RF frequency. There are two superconducting multipole wigglers with nine poles and a maximum field of 8 T, which can produce a photon flux of about 1.4 × 1013 photons s−1 mrad−1 (0.1% bandwidth)−1 at 33 keV used for coronary angiography.
44
Guo, Hai-dong, Jing Zhu, Jin-xin Tian, Shui-jin Shao, Yan-wu Xu, Fang-fang Mou, Xiao-jing Han, et al. "Electroacupuncture Improves Memory and Protects Neurons by Regulation of the Autophagy Pathway in a Rat Model of Alzheimer—s Disease." Acupuncture in Medicine 34, no. 6 (December 2016): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2015-010894.
Full textAbstract:
Background Acupuncture is a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its clinical effects and underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests autophagy is involved in β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance. We hypothesised that electroacupuncture (EA) treatment of AD involves the autophagy pathway in rats. Methods We injected 2μl Aβ1–40 bilaterally into the hippocampi of 42 rats to establish AD. Rats remained untreated (AD group, n=14) or received 24 EA treatments at GV20+BL23 over 28 days from day 7 post-injection with/without co-treatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor (AD+EA+3-MA and AD+EA groups, respectively, n=14 each). Cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) testing. Hippocampi were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and stained with haematoxylin and eosin/transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) to assess neuronal morphology/apoptosis, respectively. Protein expression of Beclin-1, LC3 and Aβ1-40 was examined. Results In the MWM test, the AD+EA group showed an improvement in parameters consistent with improved learning/memory compared to untreated AD rats, and 3-MA attenuated these effects. EA mitigated cellular apoptosis resulting from Aβ infusion in the CA1 region and enhanced LC3II/LC3I ratios and Beclin-1 expression. Numerous autophagosome precursors and enlarged autophagosomes were observed by TEM in the hippocampi of EA-treated rats. Reduced Aβ levels, and co-localisation of Aβ and LC3II, were observed following EA treatment by immunofluorescence staining. EA+3-MA treated rats had much higher TUNEL-positive neurons, lower LC3II/LC3I ratios and Beclin-1 expression, and elevated Aβ levels compared with EA alone. Conclusions EA reduces neuronal apoptosis, enhances degradation of Aβ, and improves learning/memory in AD rats by upregulating the autophagy pathway.
45
Averyanov, A., O. Kuzovlev, N. Kulagina, А. G. Konoplyannikov, V. Petrov, О. Konoplyannikova, Е. Agaeva, et al. "Effects of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in experimental treatment of pulmonary emphysema." Journal of Clinical Practice 2, no. 4 (November 15, 2011): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract83655.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to asses morphologic and morphometric lung tissue changes and peritoneal macrophages activity (MA) after allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) systemic transplantation in acute elastase model of pulmonary emphysema(PE) in rats.
Methods: Forty Wistar rats, 3-months old, were randomized into 4 groups. Control group (1 group) was injected intratracheally 0,4 ml of normal saline, other animals (2-4 groups) received one intratracheal injection of 20 units (U) porcine pancreatic elastase in 0,4 ml of saline. Next day (3 group) and 7 day (4 group) rats were intravenously injected 2 x 106 autologous MSCs in 0,5 ml of saline. 2 group was used as emphysema control. Before euthanizing at the 21* day rats were undergone peritoneal lavage with analysis of hemi-luminescent macrophages activity in the obtained fluid.
Results: the lungs of 2-4 groups had various degrees of PE. The width of alveolar ducts (VAD) in group 2 experimental emphysema increased by 231% versus the control group. The transplantation of MSCs in a day after elastase decreased VAD by an average of 50.3% compared to the control of experimental emphysema. In animals MSCs injected at the 7th day of study, this sizes decreased more greater - by 64,5%, but was higher by 40.7% compared to the first control group. Another quantitative measure of PE - alveolar index - was significantly increased by 149% in group 2 compared to control. The transplantation of MSCs at 1st and 7th day of experiment leaded to alveolar index decreasing, respectively on 163.4 and 237% . The peak Index of hemi-luminescent macrophages activity (Mv/106 cells) was 28,8+1,1 (1 group), 57,3 +1,3 (2 group), 35,8+1,6 (3 group), 31,9+1,9 (4 group).
Conclusions: our study confirmed the possibility of regenerative lung tissue effect of autologous MSCs intravenous injected in experimental rat models of PE.
46
Talasila, P. Chowdary, and Arthur C. Cameron. "Free Volume Changes in Modified-atmosphere Packages Containing Fresh Produce: Measurement and Control." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 817E—817. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.817e.
Full textAbstract:
Flexible modified-atmosphere (MA) packages of fruits and vegetables can shrink or expand with time depending on the net flux of gas from the package to the surroundings. Excessive shrinkage can cause product damage if the tissue is fragile. However, reducing free volume should reduce the amount moisture loss and condensation. It would be useful to understand the factors that determine the rate and direction of free volume changes when applying MA packaging technology to fruits and vegetables. Free volume was measured in packages using a simple procedure based on dilution of injected ethane gas. The free volume in low-density polyethylene packages containing cut broccoli at 0C changed from 284 cc to 148 cc in 33 days. A computer model was developed to estimate changes in package free volume for different situations. The model predicted that the rate of shrinkage will be less if packages are flushed with a low permeable gas. Flushing with a highly permeable gas such as CO2 will increase the rate of shrinkage. The rate of package shrinkage will be less if made with films that have low permeability to N2.
47
Ritter, S., and J. S. Taylor. "Vagal sensory neurons are required for lipoprivic but not glucoprivic feeding in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): R1395—R1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.6.r1395.
Full textAbstract:
This experiment examined the role of subdiaphragmatic vagal sensory neurons in feeding stimulated by pharmacological blockade of fatty-acid oxidation (lipoprivic feeding) and glucose utilization (glucoprivic feeding). Rats prepared by surgical transection of the subdiaphragmatic vagal trunk or aspiration lesion of the vagal sensory terminal fields in the area postrema-nucleus of the solitary tract (AP-NTS) were maintained and tested on a fat-supplemented, high carbohydrate diet. Fatty-acid oxidation was blocked with mercaptoacetate (MA, 400 and 600 mumol/kg ip) and glucose utilization was blocked with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG, 100 and 200 mg/kg sc). On test days, rats were injected with MA, 2-DG, or saline, and feeding was measured hourly for 6 h beginning immediately after injection. We found that both subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and AP-NTS lesions abolished lipoprivic feeding. In contrast, glucoprivic feeding was abolished by AP-NTS lesions but not by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. These results indicate that lipoprivic feeding requires intact subdiaphragmatic vagal sensory neurons that terminate in the AP-NTS region. Glucoprivic feeding is not vagally mediated but also requires a neural substate within the AP-NTS region.
48
Dark, J., D. R. Miller, and I. Zucker. "Reduced glucose availability induces torpor in Siberian hamsters." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 267, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): R496—R501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.2.r496.
Full textAbstract:
Siberian hamsters kept in long photoperiods (16 h light/day) at 10 degrees C do not display torpor when provided with food ad libitum but do reduce their body temperatures (Tb) from 37 degrees C to as low as 15 degrees C for several hours each day in response to food restriction. Female hamsters maintained in a long photoperiod and fed ad libitum were injected with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analogue that reduces cellular glucose oxidation, or mercaptoacetate (MA), a drug that disrupts fatty acid oxidation. Dosages of 2-DG in excess of 1,500 mg/kg body mass reliably induced torpor with latencies of approximately 50 min from time of injection to a decrease in Tb below 30 degrees C; 79% of females displayed torpor at a dosage of 2,500 mg/kg. MA was uniformly ineffective in inducing torpor and did not increase incidence of torpor when combined with 2-DG treatment or food restriction. Decreased availability of glucose may be the major metabolic signal for inducing torpor in Siberian hamsters; availability of fatty acids appears to play little if any role in regulating this behavior.
49
Woo, Sang Wook, Kaoru Dokko, and Kiyoshi Kanamura. "Preparation of Three Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Li4Ti5O12 Electrode." Key Engineering Materials 320 (September 2006): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.320.263.
Full textAbstract:
Three dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Li4Ti5O12 was successfully prepared by a colloidal crystal templating process. Colloidal crystal consisting of monodisperse polystyrene particles (1 9m diameter) was used as a template for the synthesis of macroporous Li4Ti5O12. A precursor sol consisting of titanium isopropoxide and lithium acetate was injected into the template, and it was calcined at high temperatures. A macroporous membrane of Li4Ti5O12 with inverse-opal structure was obtained. The prepared material had a spinel-related crystallographic structure. The interconnected pores with uniform size (0.8 9m) were clearly observed on entire part of the membrane. The electrochemical properties of the 3DOM Li4Ti5O12were characterized with cyclic voltammetry and glavanostatic charge-discharge in an organic electrolyte containing a lithium salt. 3DOM Li4Ti5O12 exhibited a discharge capacity of 160 mA h g-1 at the electrode potential of 1.55 V vs. Li/Li+ due to the solid state redox of Ti3+/4+ accompanying with Li+ ion insertion and extraction. The discharge capacity was close to the theoretical capacity (167 mA h g-1). This means that the Li+ insertion and extraction took place at all part of the 3DOM Li4Ti5O12 membrane.
50
Bicego, Kenia C., and Luiz G. S. Branco. "Discrete electrolytic lesion of the preoptic area prevents LPS-induced behavioral fever in toads." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 22 (November 15, 2002): 3513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.22.3513.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY The preoptic area (POA) plays an important role in fever in mammals, but the role of this region in fever in ectothermic vertebrates has never been assessed. Toads, like all ectotherms, regulate their body temperature(Tb) primarily by behavior and develop behavioral fever when injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the POA plays a role in the behavioral fever induced by LPS in the toad Bufo paracnemis. We made electrolytic lesions in the POA of toads (0.3 mA, 8 s) and measured preferred Tb using a thermal gradient. After a period of 24h inside the gradient chamber, control,sham-operated and lesioned toads were systemically injected with LPS (200μg kg-1) or pyrogen-free saline. There was no significant effect of POA lesion in animals at their normal preferred Tb. LPS caused a significant increase in preferred Tb of control and sham-operated toads, but lesions in the POA abolished this response. These results indicate that the POA is an important site in the central nervous system of toads, and perhaps of all vertebrates, involved in the development of fever.