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Academic literature on the topic 'Injected ma'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Injected ma"

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Shinbara, Hisashi, Masamichi Okubo, Keisaku Kimura, Kunio Mizunuma, and Eiji Sumiya. "Participation of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide Released via Axon Reflex in the Local Increase in Muscle Blood Flow following Manual Acupuncture." Acupuncture in Medicine 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2012-010253.

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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine how calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) via axon reflex participates in increasing local muscle blood flow (MBF) following manual acupuncture (MA). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats (N=56, 270–350 g) were used. We examined (1) the effects of MA on MBF in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in normal rats; (2) the effects of MA on MBF in the TA injected with saline or hCGRP8-37 (low: 2×10−4 mol/litre; high: 2×10−3 mol/litre), a competitive CGRP receptor antagonist, in rats; and (3) the effects of MA on MBF in the TA in capsaicin-treated rats. The capsaicin-treated rats were injected with capsaicin dissolved in an ethanol solution within 24 h after birth (50 mg/kg subcutaneously). MA was applied to the right TA for 1 min. 51Cr-labelled microspheres (15 μm in diameter) were used to measure MBF. Results MA significantly increased MBF without changing arterial blood pressure in normal rats (p<0.05). MA also significantly increased MBF in saline-injected, low hCGRP8-37-injected and high hCGRP8-37-injected rats (p<0.001, 005 and 0.05, respectively). The increases in low and high hCGRP8-37-injected rats were lower than those in saline-injected rats, but the difference was not significant. However, MA did not significantly increase MBF in capsaicin-treated rats (p=0.38). Conclusions We obtained conflicting results, suggesting that the participation of CGRP released via axon reflex may be limited to a local increase in MBF following MA.
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Bhattacharya, Ranajoy, Adam M. Darr, Allen L. Garner, and Jim Browning. "Analysis of Injected Electron Beam Propagation in a Planar Crossed-Field Gap." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062540.

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This paper examines basic crossed-field device physics in a planar configuration, specifically electron beam perturbation and instability as a function of variation in magnetic field, and angle between magnetic and electric field. We perform a three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of electron perturbation in a planar crossed-field system using the full 3-D particle trajectory solver in CST Particle Studio (CST-PS). The structure has a length, height, width and anode-sole gap of 15 cm, 2 cm, 10 cm, and 2 cm, respectively. The anode to sole voltage is fixed at 3 kV, and the magnetic field and injected current varied from 0.01 T to 0.05 T and 1.5 mA to 1 A, respectively. The simulations show that applying a magnetic field of 0.05 T makes the beam stable for a critical current density of 94 mA/cm2 for an anode-sole gap of 20 mm. Above this current density, the beam was unstable, as predicted. Introducing a 1° tilt in the magnetic field destabilizes the beam at a current density of 23 mA/cm2, which is lower than the critical current density for no tilt, as predicted by our theory. The simulation results also agree well with prior one-dimensional (1-D) theory and simulations that predict stable bands of current density for a 5° tilt where the beam is stable at low current density (<13.3 mA/cm2), unstable above this threshold, and then stable again at higher current density, (>33 mA/cm2).
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Santoni, A., M. C. Guo, M. C. Heuzey, and P. J. Carreau. "Surface Defects of TPO Injected Foam Parts for Automotive Applications." International Polymer Processing 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2007-0012.

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Abstract Benefits of reduced vehicle weight can have an important environmental impact since there is a 6 to 8% improvement in fuel efficiency for every 10% in weight reduction. In this work, foaming technology is used to produce injection molded TPO parts (thermoplastic olefin compounds) for the automotive industry with a minimum of 20% weight reduction while retaining a glossy surface quality. It was found by Guo et al. (2006, 2007) that the best strategy to raise the surface quality was to decrease the shot size, the cycling time and the temperature of the injected melt. However, the targeted objective of a minimum of 20% weight reduction was not achieved in these preliminary experiments. Therefore, in this work a blend of TPO and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used in order to promote TPO foamability and improve the surface quality of injected parts. Under these conditions, we managed to produce injected molded TPO samples with a 24% weight reduction and good surface quality. Moreover, we investigated the effect of PP-g-MA in the TPO system by performing rheological measurements and photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FTIR) analysis to characterize the PP-g-MA physico-chemical interactions with TPO.
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Nakhoul, Nazih L., Solange M. Abdulnour-Nakhoul, Emile L. Boulpaep, Edd Rabon, Eric Schmidt, and L. Lee Hamm. "Substrate specificity of Rhbg: ammonium and methyl ammonium transport." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 299, no. 3 (September 2010): C695—C705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00019.2010.

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Rhbg is a nonerythroid membrane glycoprotein belonging to the Rh antigen family. In the kidney, Rhbg is expressed at the basolateral membrane of intercalated cells of the distal nephron and is involved in NH4+ transport. We investigated the substrate specificity of Rhbg by comparing transport of NH3/NH4+ with that of methyl amine (hydrochloride) (MA/MA+), often used to replace NH3/NH4+, in oocytes expressing Rhbg. Methyl amine (HCl) in solution exists as neutral methyl amine (MA) in equilibrium with the protonated methyl ammonium (MA+). To assess transport, we used ion-selective microelectrodes and voltage-clamp experiments to measure NH3/NH4+- and MA/MA+-induced intracellular pH (pHi) changes and whole cell currents. Our data showed that in Rhbg oocytes, NH3/NH4+ caused an inward current and decrease in pHiconsistent with electrogenic NH4+ transport. These changes were significantly larger than in H2O-injected oocytes. The NH3/NH4+-induced current was not inhibited in the presence of barium or in the absence of Na+. In Rhbg oocytes, MA/MA+caused an inward current but an increase (rather than a decrease) in pHi.MA/MA+did not cause any changes in H2O-injected oocytes. The MA/MA+-induced current and pHiincrease were saturated at higher concentrations of MA/MA+. Amiloride inhibited MA/MA+-induced current and the increase in pHiin oocytes expressing Rhbg but had no effect on control oocytes. These results indicate that MA/MA+is transported by Rhbg but differently than NH3/NH4+. The protonated MA+is likely a direct substrate whose transport resembles that of NH4+. Transport of electroneutral MA is also enhanced by expression of Rhbg.
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Li, Haiyuan, Jianheng Chen, Nihong Lu, Zhenhua Gao, Li Yang, and Jihong Shen. "Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function in a non-human primate animal model with chronic exposure to methamphetamine." Materials Express 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1973.

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Psychostimulants, such as amphetamine-type stimulants, induce alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis function. In this study, we sought to investigate the changes in the HPT axis using a wellcharacterized non-human primate model after chronic exposure to methamphetamine (MA). The data collected from 10 adult monkeys were retrospectively studied, assigning them into two groups—the control group (saline) and MA group. MA was injected for 4 weeks with gradually increasing dose, and later injected maintenance doses for 24 weeks. We collected and tested the blood samples on a weekly basis for T4, free T4, T3, free T3, TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb. We used western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques to test the protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2, Bax, and thyroid stimulating hormonereceptor. The MA group had significantly higher levels of T4, FT4, T3, and TSH than the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in FT3, TGAb, and TPOAb. Compared with the control group, most of the thyroid from the MA group consistently showed markedly disordered structure: varied size, lymphocytic infiltration, and local fibrosis. In the MA group, the protein and mRNA expression of Bax were significantly higher than the control group, whereas the protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and TSH-R were significantly lower. These results indicate that chronic exposure to MA can lead to changes in the HPT axis function and induce apoptosis or other microdamage to the thyroid gland in a non-human primate model.
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Wisneski, Harris H., Ronald L. Yates, and Donald C. Havery. "Determination of Musk Ambrette in Fragrance Products by Capillary Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 1467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.6.1467.

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Abstract A gas chromatographic method that uses an internal standard additions technique is described for the determination of musk ambrette (MA) in fragrance products. A solution containing the product and a known amount of an internal standard, musk tibetene (MT), is injected directly into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The chromatographic separation of the components on a wide-bore fused silica capillary column is recorded and a response constant is calculated from MA and MT peak heights. A similar response constant is also calculated for a standard solution containing known concentrations of MA and MT. The MA content of the fragrance product is then calculated. Average recoveries of MA from fragrance products ranged from 97.6 to 102.3%. The method was also evaluated collaboratively by 6 laboratories. In this study, the reproducibility relative standard deviation for MA in 6 fragrance test samples ranged from 2.78 to 22.87%.
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Pieters, Henry, Veronica van Wyk, Susan Cooper, Jan Roodt, Stefan De Reys, Philip Badenhorst, and Lindi-Marie Coetzee. "The Effect of Monoclonal Anti-human-platelet Antibodies on Platelet Kinetics in a Baboon Model: IgG Subclass Dependency." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 83, no. 01 (2000): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613771.

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SummaryWe assessed the in vivo effect of six intact anti-human antiplatelet antibodies of two major IgG subclasses on platelet kinetics in baboons. Five of the six antibodies tested caused thrombocytopenia of varying degree when injected at a precalculated threshold value. An agglutinating IgG1 antibody (MA-8L4A12) caused a long-lasting, mild thrombocytopenia with a predominant uptake of radiolabelled platelets in the spleen, while the four IgG2 antibodies tested (MA-13G8E1, MA-2M5A6, MA-21K2E8 and MA-22M10) caused a severe, transient thrombocytopenia with uptake of platelets in the liver. Two of the IgG2 antibodies (MA-13G8E1 and MA-2M5A6) caused platelet activation and aggregation in vitro, whilst the other two did not elicit a platelet aggregation response. The platelet survival time was shortened with all five of the thrombocytopenia-inducing antibodies, while only one antibody (MA-2M5A6) had a significant effect on the bleeding time. This study indicates that the IgG subclasss may be a determining factor in the outcome of platelet sequestration in immune-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Fialová, Markéta, Jana Šírová, Věra Bubeníková-Valešová, and Romana Šlamberová. "The Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Recognition Memory in Adult Rats." Prague Medical Report 116, no. 1 (2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2015.43.

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The use of methamphetamine (MA) among pregnant women is an increasing world-wide health problem. Prenatal MA exposure may cause changes in foetus but the exact effects have remained unclear. The aim of this study is to present the effect of prenatal MA exposure on recognition memory in adult rats. Adult female Wistar rats were injected daily with D-methamphetamine HCl (MA; 5 mg/kg, s.c.) during the entire gestation period. Control females were treated with saline in the same regime. Adult male offspring was administrated acutely by MA (1 mg/kg i.p.) or saline 30 minutes before beginning of an experiment. For testing recognition memory two tasks were chosen: Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) and Object Location Test (OLT). Our results demonstrate that prenatally MA-exposed animals were worse in NORT independently on an acute administration of MA in adulthood. Prenatally MA-exposed rats did not deteriorate in OLT, but after acute administration of MA in adulthood, there was significant worsening compared to appropriate control. Prenatally saline-exposed offspring did not deteriorate in any test even after acute administration of MA. Our data suggest that prenatal MA exposure in rats cause impairment in recognition memory in adult offspring, but not in spatial memory. In addition, acute administration of MA to controls did not deteriorate either recognition or spatial memory.
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Abdulnour-Nakhoul, Solange, Trang Le, Edd Rabon, L. Lee Hamm, and Nazih L. Nakhoul. "Structural determinants of NH3 and NH4+ transport by mouse Rhbg, a renal Rh glycoprotein." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 311, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): F1280—F1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00556.2015.

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Renal Rhbg is localized to the basolateral membrane of intercalated cells and is involved in NH3/NH4+ transport. The structure of Rhbg is not yet resolved; however, a high-resolution crystal structure of AmtB, a bacterial homolog of Rh, has been determined. We aligned the sequence of Rhbg to that of AmtB and identified important sites of Rhbg that may affect transport. Our analysis positioned three conserved amino acids, histidine 183 (H183), histidine 342 (H342), and tryptophan 230 (W230), within the hydrophobic pore where they presumably serve to control NH3 transport. A fourth residue, phenylalanine 128 (F128) was positioned at the upper vestibule, presumably contributing to recruitment of NH4+. We generated three mutations each of H183, H342, W230, and F128 and expressed them in frog oocytes. Immunolabeling showed that W230 and F128 mutants were localized to the cell membrane, whereas H183 and H342 staining was diffuse and mostly intracellular. To determine function, we compared measurements of NH3/NH4+ and methyl amine (MA)/methyl ammonium (MA+)-induced currents, intracellular pH, and surface pH (pHs) among oocytes expressing the mutants, Rhbg, or injected with H2O. In H183 and W230 mutants, NH4+-induced current and intracellular acidification were inhibited compared with that of Rhbg, and MA-induced intracellular alkalinization was completely absent. Expression of H183A or W230A mutants inhibited NH3/NH4+- and MA/MA+-induced decrease in pHs to the level observed in H2O-injected oocytes. Mutations of F128 did not significantly affect transport of NH3 or NH4+. These data demonstrated that mutating H183 or W230 caused loss of function but not F128. H183 and H342 may affect membrane expression of the transporter.
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Li, Gang, Yanpei Fei, Tairong Kuang, Tong Liu, Mingqiang Zhong, Yanbiao Li, Jing Jiang, Lih-Sheng Turng, and Feng Chen. "The Injected Foaming Study of Polypropylene/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composite with In Situ Fibrillation Reinforcement." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 5411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245411.

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This paper explored the injection foaming process of in situ fibrillation reinforced polypropylene composites. Using polypropylene (PP) as the continuous phase, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the dispersed phase, multi–wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the conductive filler, and PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP–g–MA) as the compatibilizer, a MWCNTs/PP–g–MA masterbatch was prepared by using a solution blending method. Then, a lightweight, conductive PP/PTFE/MWCNTs composite foam was prepared by means of extruder granulation and supercritical nitrogen (ScN2) injection foaming. The composite foams were studied in terms of rheology, morphological, foaming behavior and mechanical properties. The results proved that the in situ fibrillation of PTFE can have a remarkable effect on melt strength and viscoelasticity, thus improving the foaming performance; we found that PP/3% PTFE showed excellent performance. Meanwhile, the addition of MWCNTs endows the material with conductive properties, and the conductivity reached was 2.73 × 10−5 S/m with the addition of 0.2 wt% MWCNTs. This study’s findings are expected to be applied in the lightweight, antistatic and high–performance automotive industry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Injected ma"

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JIN, ZHIRU. "Advanced modelling of the CR apparatus, design of innovative injection system architectures and assessment of new strategies for the injected mass control and combustion noise evaluation in diesel engine." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2966335.

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Books on the topic "Injected ma"

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Morrow, Martha. Phụ nữ tiêm chích ma tuý: Không chỉ là con số = Women who inject drugs : beyond the numbers. [Hà Nội]: Nhà xuất bản Lao động, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Injected ma"

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Mashima, Hidehisa. "Forearc magmatism along southwest Japan is caused by rupturing of the subducting slab." In In the Footsteps of Warren B. Hamilton: New Ideas in Earth Science. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2553(33).

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ABSTRACT The genesis of the forearc magmatism in southwest Japan at 14 Ma was studied using geologic and seismic observations. Before the magmatism, the Shimanto accretionary complexes were uplifted by 1000–3000 m between 21 and 17 Ma during the opening of the Japan Sea and the Shikoku Basin. Opening of the Japan Sea and the Shikoku Basin terminated at 15 Ma, when the Kinan Seamount Chain on the Shikoku Basin activated. The magmatic products are distributed at segment boundaries and in aseismic areas of the subducting Philippine Sea plate. The segment boundaries are located on syncline and anticline axes of the subducting slab at Kyushu. The magmatic products at Shikoku are distributed at places where olistostromes uplifted between 21 and 17 Ma. Beneath the Kumano volcanic rocks at Kii, a significant discontinuity in the locations of deep earthquakes is observed. These observations indicate that rupturing of the subducting slab by the load of the overriding plate occurred at around 14 Ma. The slab rupturing would have enabled subslab asthenosphere and/or magma to be injected into the plate interface through the tear and cause the forearc magmatism. Since the oceanic plate has a number of preexisting weaknesses, such as fracture zones, slab rupturing could occur more commonly than previously considered. The forearc magmatism caused by slab rupture is an important process associated with the growth of continental crust in subduction zones.
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Malone, David, John Craddock, Alexandra Wallenberg, Betrand Gaschot, and John A. Luczaj. "Geology of Chief Joseph Pass, Wyoming: Crest of Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and escape path of the Eocene Heart Mountain slide." In Tectonic Evolution of the Sevier-Laramide Hinterland, Thrust Belt, and Foreland, and Postorogenic Slab Rollback (180–20 Ma). Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.2555(12).

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ABSTRACT Rattlesnake Mountain is a Laramide uplift cored by Archean gneiss that formed by offset along two reverse faults with opposing dips, the result being an asymmetric anticline with a drape fold of Cambrian–Cretaceous sediments. Rattlesnake Mountain was uplifted ca. 57 Ma and was a structural buttress that impeded motion of upper-plate blocks of the catastrophic Heart Mountain slide (49.19 Ma). North of Pat O’Hara Mountain anticline, Rattlesnake Mountain anticline has a central graben that formed ca. 52 Ma (U-Pb age on vein calcite in normal faults) into which O- and C-depleted fluids propagated upward with hydrocarbons. The graben is defined by down-dropped Triassic Chugwater shales atop the anticline that facilitated motion of Heart Mountain slide blocks of Paleozoic limestones dolomite (i.e., the Ordovician Bighorn Dolomite and Mississippian Madison Limestone) onto, and over, Rattlesnake Mountain into the Bighorn Basin. Heart Mountain fault gouge was also injected downward into the bounding Rattlesnake Mountain graben normal faults (U-Pb age ca. 48.8 ± 5 Ma), based on O and C isotopes; there is no anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility fabric present. Calcite veins parallel to graben normal faults precipitated from meteoric waters (recorded by O and C isotopes) heated by the uplifting Rattlesnake Mountain anticline and crystallized at 57 °C (fluid inclusions) in the presence of oil. Calcite twinning strain results from graben injectites and calcite veins are different; we also documented a random layer-parallel shortening strain pattern for the Heart Mountain slide blocks in the ramp region (n = 4; west) and on the land surface (n = 5; atop Rattlesnake Mountain). We observed an absence of any twinning strain overprint (low negative expected values) in the allochthonous upper-plate blocks and in autochthonous carbonates directly below the Heart Mountain slide surface, again indicating rapid motion including horizontal rotation about vertical axes of the upper-plate Heart Mountain slide blocks during the Eocene.
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"Sexual Risk Behavior Among Women with Injected Drug Use Histories: Anke A. Ehrhardt, PhD, Christiana Nöstlinger, PhD, Heino F, L. Meyer-Bahlburg, Dr. rer. nat, Theresa M. Exner, PhD, Rhoda S. Gruen, MA, Sandra L. Yingling, MA, Jack M.Gorman, MD, Wafaa EL-Sadr, MD and Stephan J. Sorrell, MD." In HIV/AIDS and Sexuality, 111–31. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203058220-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Injected ma"

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Sorokin, S. A. "Fast switching of megaampere current to the load." In 8th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56761/efre2022.s2-o-007301.

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Previous experiments on the MIG generator (2 MA, 80 ns) showed that the generator current can be switched to a load in 1–3 ns in the process of sweeping (pushing away from the load) by the magnetic field of the plasma, previously injected in the area of the load and the conical load holder. Fast switching of the megaampere current to a foil liner or a solid metal rod is accompanied by an explosion of the liner (rod) surface and the formation of a thin layer of hot (>100 eV) dense plasma. In the course of these experiments, the question arose of whether the formation of a surface plasma is the result of implosion onto the load surface of a part of the injected plasma swept by the current. To clarify this issue, test shots were made in this work with different configurations of the load area and the composition of the injected plasma. The performed studies confirm that when plasma is injected into the load region with a conical holder, the plasma is pushed away from the load and the current is switched over to the surface of the load (liner or rod) in a few nanoseconds.
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Lott, J. A., and R. P. Schneider. "Red (639-661nm) InAlGaAs Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Diodes†." In Quantum Optoelectronics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qo.1993.pd.1.

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The first electrically injected visible InAlGaP/AlGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are reported. The structures consist of an InAlGaP optical cavity active region surrounded by AlAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors. Pulsed room temperature lasing is achieved from 639 to 661 nm with test devices fabricated on unrotated wafers. Beam divergence is 6.5° (full angle) and device on-resistance is less than 15 Ω. At 650 nm, a current threshold of 30 mA at 2.7 V is measured with peak output power exceeding 3.3 mW for devices with a 20 μm emitting diameter.
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Emunds, Rolf, and Markus Fischer. "Effect of Re-Number, Ma-Number and Angle of Attack on Slat Noise Based on a Test Vortex Injected Upstream of the SLAT-Hook." In 11th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-2975.

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Gousseau, Simon, Stéphane Moreau, David Bouchu, Alexis Farcy, Pierre Montmitonnet, Karim Inal, and François Bay. "First in Operando SEM Observation of Electromigration-Induced Voids in TSV Structures." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0059.

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Abstract Since the early beginning of the integrated circuits, electromigration is a reliability issue of first interest. In 3-dimensional structures, electromigration is responsible for the formation of voids in lines connected to the Through Silicon Via (TSV). To our knowledge, this paper presents the first in operando electromigration experiment in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) performed for 3D integration. The experimental protocol, including sample preparation and temperature regulation, is detailed. A current of 25 mA is injected in a structure heated at 350 °C for about 900 h. The evolution of voids is monitored and explained. Void growth occurs step by step, so that the microstructure may be assumed to play a major role in the depletion mechanism. The behavior of the electrical resistance is analyzed using the SEM micrographs.
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Zhang, Yang, and Xin Yuan. "Experimental Investigation of Turbine Phantom Cooling on Suction Side With Combustor-Turbine Leakage Gap Flow and Endwall Film Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69295.

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The film cooling injection on Hp turbine component surface is strongly affected by the complex flow structure in the nozzle guide vane or rotor blade passages. The action of passage vortex near endwall surface could dominate the film cooling effectiveness distribution on the component surfaces. The film cooling injections from endwall and airfoil surface are mixed with the passage vortex. Considering a small part of the coolant injection from endwall will move towards the airfoil suction side and then cover some area, the interaction between the coolants injected from endwall and airfoil surface is worth investigating. Though the temperature of coolant injection from endwall increases after the mixing process in the main flow, the injections moving from endwall to airfoil suction side still have the potential of second order cooling. This part of the coolant is called “Phantom cooling flow” in the paper. A typical scale-up model of GE-E3 Hp turbine NGV is used in the experiment to investigate the cooling performance of injection from endwall. Instead of the endwall itself, the film cooling effectiveness is measured on the airfoil suction side. This paper is focused on the combustor-turbine interface gap leakage flow and the coolant from fan-shaped holes moving from endwall to airfoil suction side. The coolant flow is injected at a 30deg angle to the endwall surface both from a slot and four rows of fan-shaped holes. The film cooling holes on the endwall and the leakage flow are used simultaneously. The blowing ratio and incidence angle are selected to be the parameters in the paper. The experiment is completed with the blowing ratio changing from M = 0.7 to M = 1.3 and the incidence angle varying from −10deg to +10deg, with inlet Reynolds numbers of Re = 3.5×105 and an inlet Mach number of Ma = 0.1.
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Hashimoto, Shigehiro, and Kiyoshi Yoshinaka. "Movement of Myoblast Flowing Through Electric Field Perpendicular to Flow Channel." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65204.

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Abstract The sorting technology with little invasion to cells would be applied to regenerative medicine and diagnosis. In this study, dielectrophoresis is focused on. The dielectrophoretic effect on the flowing myoblasts was maximized by adjusting several parameters: the shape of the electrodes, the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current. The suspension of C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) was injected into the channel, and the movement of each flowing cell was analyzed at the microscopic movie image. A pair of titanium-coated (200 nm thick) asymmetric surface electrodes (a triangular electrode with a tip angle of 0.35 rad and a rectangular reference electrode with a flat edge) was manufactured by photolithography technique. With the alternating square cyclic wave at the frequency of 3 MHz and the amplitude of current of ± 7.5 mA, 70 μm movement along the electric field (perpendicular to the main flow direction) of the cell was obtained. The movement along the electric field is governed by several parameters of the cell: the diameter, the deformation ratio, and the direction of the major axis. The method can be applied to cell sorting.
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Shishlov, A. V., R. K. Cherdizov, V. A. Kokshenev, N. E. Kurmaev, and S. A. Vagaytsev. "Generation of Ar K-shell radiation using a hybrid gas puff with an outer plasma shell." In 8th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56761/efre2022.s2-o-011601.

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In our work, we investigated a new type of load, a hybrid gas puff with an outer plasma shell, as a plasma radiation source for efficient production of K-shell radiation at microsecond implosion times. The hybrid load had the following structure: an inner argon jet injected on the axis of the system, an outer deuterium shell formed at a diameter of 80 mm, and an outer plasma shell located at a diameter of 350 mm. The experiments have been carried out on the GIT-12 generator (4.7 MA, 1.7 µs) that operated in a microsecond mode. The experiments showed that the hybrid load is capable to provide a stable Z-pinch compression at implosion times of 750–800 ns. The experimental data on the Ar K-shell radiation yield were compared with the theoretical predictions to estimate the efficiency of a new type of Z-pinch load. The maximum registered Ar K-shell radiation yield was 1.7 kJ/cm that corresponds to the efficiency of the plasma radiation source of almost 70%. Therefore, we consider this type of Z-pinch load as promising and plan to continue our research in this direction.
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8

Lee, Y. H., B. Tell, K. Brown-Goebeler, J. L. Jewell, and J. M. V. Hove. "Low-threshold cw top-surface-emitting lasers at 850 nm." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mk13.

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We report new self-aligned top-surface-emitting lasers in which top mirrors are used as output mirrors and deep-ion implantation is used for current funneling. The laser structure, grown with molecular-beam epitaxy, is a vertical pin junction in which electric current is injected through the bottom and top mirrors. The undoped active region consists of four 100 Å thick GaAs quantum wells. 300 keV protons are used to introduce a buried damage layer that is concentrated around a depth of 2.3 µm from the surface, but the topmost 1.5 µm is left relatively conductive. Only those areas under the output windows are not damaged, and current is forced to flow predominantly through the active region. A 10 µm diameter laser has a 1.7 mA cw threshold at room temperature. Initially, the laser light is mostly horizontally polarized with a Gaussian mode profile. At higher current, TEM 01* modes show up with both polarizations. We have observed cw output power of as great as 1.5 mW from a 15 µm diameter top-surface-emitting laser. The cw differential quantum efficiency is approximately 20%. Measured spectral linewidth is 0.02 Å as measured by a scanning Fabry-Perot étalon.
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9

Walther, M., E. Kapon, J. Christen, D. M. Hwang, and R. Bhat. "Carrier capture and quantum confinement in AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wire laser structures." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mdd5.

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We have recently demonstrated room temperature operation of quantum wire (QWR) lasers with threshold currents as low as 0.6 Ma.1,2 A potential problem in using QWRs in laser structures is the very small cross-section of the wire, which can reduce the capture efficiency of injected carriers. We investigated carrier-capture mechanisms in multi-QWR lasers using photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy. In our lasers, the crescent-shaped QWRs are formed in situ by OMCVD on V-grooved substrates and are laterally bounded by thinner quantum well (QWL) layers formed on the slopes of the groove. At low temperatures (T < 100 K) we observe two luminescence lines, emitted from the QWR and QWL regions, respectively, as identified by CL imaging. At higher temperatures, the QWR feature becomes dominant, indicating efficient carrier capture from the QWLs to the lower energy QWR potential well. This is confirmed by PL excitation spectra. Two-dimensional quantum confinement in the wires is evidenced by the appearance of the second QWR subband at T > 140 K, with an energy separation of 19 meV, consistent with a model of the QWR subbands. The efficient carrier capture from the QWL region to the QWRs observed in these lasers is important for their efficient operation.
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10

Zhang, Yang, and Xin Yuan. "Experimental Investigation of Turbine Phantom Cooling on Endwall With Trailing Edge Discharge Flow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26781.

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The film cooling ejection on High Pressure (Hp) turbine component surface is strongly affected by the complex flow structure in the nozzle guide vane or rotor blade passages. The action of secondary flow in the main passage could dominate the film cooling effectiveness distribution on the component surfaces. The film cooling ejections from endwall and airfoil trailing edge are mixed by the secondary flow. Considering a small part of the coolant ejection from trailing edge discharge flow will move from the airfoil trailing edge pressure side to endwall downstream and then cover some area, the interaction between the coolants injected from endwall and airfoil trailing edge is worth investigating. Though the temperature of coolant discharge flow from trailing edge increases after the mixing process in the internal cooling procedure, the ejections moving from airfoil to endwall still have the potential of second order cooling. This part of the coolant is called “Phantom cooling flow” in the paper. A typical scale-up model of Hp turbine NGV is used in the experiment to investigate the cooling performance of ejection from trailing edge. Instead of the airfoil trailing edge platform itself, the film cooling effectiveness is measured on the downstream part of the endwall. This paper is focused on the trailing edge discharge flow with compound angle effects and the coolant from discharge holes moving from trailing edge to endwall surface. The coolant flow is injected from the straight discharge holes with a compound angle of 15deg and 45deg respectively. The film cooling holes on the endwall are used simultaneously to investigate the combined effects. The blowing ratio and different configurations of compound angle holes are selected to be the changing parameters in the paper. The experiment is completed with the blowing ratio changing from M = 0.7 to M = 1.3 and the compound angle is introduced to the entire row of trailing edge discharge holes (full span), with inlet Reynolds numbers of Re = 3.5×105 and an inlet Mach number of Ma = 0.1.
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