Journal articles: 'Injectable bone filler'

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Axén, Niklas, Tobias Persson, Kajsa Björklund, Hakan Engqvist, and Leif Hermansson. "An Injectable Bone Void Filler Cement Based on Ca-Aluminate." Key Engineering Materials 254-256 (December 2003): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.254-256.265.

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Dvorzhinskiy, Aleksey, Giorgio Perino, Robert Chojnowski, Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen, Mathias P. G. Bostrom, and Xu Yang. "Ceramic composite with gentamicin decreases persistent infection and increases bone formation in a rat model of debrided osteomyelitis." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 6, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jbji-6-283-2021.

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Abstract. Introduction: Current methods of managing osteomyelitic voids after debridement are inadequate and result in significant morbidity to patients. Synthetic ceramic void fillers are appropriate for non-infected bone defects but serve as a nidus of re-infection in osteomyelitis after debridement. CERAMENT G (CG) is an injectable ceramic bone void filler which contains gentamicin and is currently being evaluated for use in osteomyelitic environments after debridement due to its theoretical ability to serve as a scaffold for healing while eliminating residual bacteria after debridement through the elution of antibiotics. The goal of this study was to evaluate (1) the rate of persistent infection and (2) new bone growth of a debrided osteomyelitic defect in a rat model which has been treated with either gentamicin-impregnated ceramic cement (CERAMENT G) or the same void filler without antibiotics (CERAMENT, CBVF). Methods: Osteomyelitis was generated in the proximal tibia of Sprague Dawley rats, subsequently debrided, and the defect filled with either (1) CG (n=20), (2) CBVF (n=20), or (3) nothing (n=20). Each group was euthanized after 6 weeks. Infection was detected through bacterial culture and histology. Bone growth was quantified using microCT. Results: Infection was not detected in defects treated with CG as compared with 35 % of defects (7/20) treated with CBVF and 50 % (10/20) of empty defects (p=0.001). Bone volume in the defect of CG-treated rats was greater than the CBVF (0.21 vs. 0.17, p=0.021) and empty groups (0.21 vs. 0.11, p<0.001) at 6 weeks after implantation. Conclusions: Ceramic void filler with gentamicin (CERAMENT G) decreased the rate of persistent infection and increased new bone growth as compared to the same void filler without antibiotics (CERAMENT) and an empty defect in a rat model of debrided osteomyelitis.

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Gumbiner, Brandon, Elizabeth Jacobsen, Mary Stancukas, and Ngan Nguyen. "A Rare Case of Chondroblastoma with Revision After Graft Rejection." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 107, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/15-216.

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We present a rare case of calcaneal chondroblastoma with subsequent surgical revision after graft rejection in a 13-year-old boy. Complications were encountered after the injectable bone graft filler was placed in the calcaneus after curettage. With noted subsequent sinus tract formation, revision surgery was performed that involved dissection of the sinus tract, removal of bone void filler, and application of demineralized bone matrix sponge human allograft soaked in vancomycin-impregnated saline. Sixteen weeks after the revision surgical intervention, the patient resumed normal athletic activities without pain or restrictions. One and a half years after the initial surgery, the patient had complete resolution of the calcaneal cyst and was discharged.

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Schmidt, Luis Eduardo, Henrique Hadad, Igor Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, Luara Teixeira Colombo, Rodrigo Capalbo da Silva, Ana Flavia Piquera Santos, Lara Cristina Cunha Cervantes, et al. "Critical Defect Healing Assessment in Rat Calvaria Filled with Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb10020021.

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(1) Background: The tissue engineering field has been working to find biomaterials that mimic the biological properties of autogenous bone grafts. (2) Aim: To evaluate the osteoconduction potential of injectable calcium phosphate cement implanted in critical defects in rat calvaria. (3) Methods: In the calvarial bone of 36 rats, 7-mm diameter critical size defects were performed. Afterwards, the animals were randomly divided into three groups according to filler material: a blood clot group (BC), blood clot membrane group (BCM), and an injectable β-tricalcium phosphate group (HBS) cement group. After periods of 30 and 60 days, the animals were euthanized, the calvaria was isolated, and submitted to a decalcification process for later blades confection. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the neoformed bone tissue were conducted, and histometric data were statistically analyzed. (4) Results: Sixty days post-surgery, the percentages of neoformed bone were 10.67 ± 5.57 in group BC, 16.71 ± 5.0 in group BCM, and 55.11 ± 13.20 in group HBS. The bone formation values in group HBS were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in groups BC and BCM. (5) Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be concluded that injectable calcium phosphate cement is an osteoconductive material that can be used to fill bone cavities.

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Daculsi, G., M. Durand, T. Fabre, F. Vogt, A. P. Uzel, and J. L. Rouvillain. "Development and clinical cases of injectable bone void filler used in orthopaedic." IRBM 33, no. 4 (September 2012): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2012.06.001.

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Kochi, Akinori, Masanori Kikuchi, Yuki Shirosaki, Satoshi Hayakawa, and Akiyoshi Osaka. "Preparation of Injectable Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Nanocomposite Artificial Bone." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.689.

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Injectable hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposite (HAp/Col) artificial bone was prepared utilizing gelation of sodium alginate (Na-Alg). Mass ratio of the HAp/Col powder, with or without Ca adsorption treatment and Na-Alg (80-120, 300-400, 500-600 cP in viscosity at 10 g/dm3) was fixed at 90/10. Injectable HAp/Col was prepared by mixing the HAp/Col powder with Na-Alg solution at several powder (HAp/Col)/liquid (Na-Alg solution) ratios (P/L ratio, g/cm3). The result of consistency measurement suggested that the operability of injectable HAp/Col paste could be controlled by both the P/L ratio and the viscosity of Na-Alg solution. According to the consistency measurement and practical feelings during mixing, P/L=1/1.67 (80-120 cP) and 1/1.89 (300-400, 500-600 cP) were considered to be the highest P/L ratio allowed to mix the HAp/Col paste with a spatula. At the P/L=1/2.33 (80-120 cP), the paste prepared with the non-treated HAp/Col powder, placed in an incubator (37 °C,relative humidity 100%) for 24h, demonstrated gel-like property, while the paste prepared with Ca-treated HAp/Col powder did putty-like property. The difference in their property might be caused by the initial bonding behavior between Alg and Ca2+ after mixing. The setting time measurement with Gillmore needle was impossible because they were toosoft for this method. Even though, their operability and coalescence/settingproperty could be used as the injectable bone filler.

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Layrolle, Pierre, Serge Baroth, Eric Goyenvalle, Eric Aguado, Françoise Moreau, and G. Daculsi. "In Vivo Performance of an Injectable Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Filler." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.583.

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An hydrated putty was prepared by mixing submicron particles, rounded particles and granules of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) ceramics composed of HA and β-TCP phases. The material filled entirely critical sized defects in the femoral epiphysis of NZW rabbits. After 3, 6 and 12 weeks, histology revealed that submicron particles were rapidly degraded by multinucleated TRAP-positive cells. This osteoclastic resorption stimulated bone ingrowth while the large BCP particles served as scaffold supporting bone healing by osteoconduction.

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Breding, Karin, and Hakan Engqvist. "Strength and Chemical Stability Due to Aging of Two Bone Void Filler Materials." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.315.

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Injectable resorbable bone cements for bone void fillings are gaining in interest. The materials resorb in vivo with loss of void filling capacity and strength as a consequence. The objective with this study is to qualitative determining the dissolution behaviour for a calcium sulphate and a calcium phosphate cement as function of storage time in different storage medium and correlate to their strength development. Experiments were performed on a calcium phosphate based cement, Norian SRS, and a calcium sulphate based cement, MIIG X3. In the resorbtion study, the materials dissolution at different pH (3, 5 and 7) was compared over a period of 11 weeks. The materials compressive and biaxial flexural strength was measured after aging in phosphate buffer saline for up to 12 weeks. The proposed qualitative method to study dissolution behaviour of injectable biomaterials as function of time and medium were evaluated and proved to be useful. Both materials were dissolved after 3 weeks of storage in pH 3. MIIG X3 dissolved faster than Norian SRS at pH 5. At pH 7 both materials were stable over the test period of 11 weeks. For both materials the strength decreases with storage time. Norian had a higher compressive strength than MIIG X3 for the first week, after the first week the compressive strength was similar for the two materials. MIIG X3 showed a higher flexural strength than Norian during the full test period.

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Kotrych, Daniel, Szymon Korecki, Paweł Ziętek, Bartosz Kruk, Agnieszka Kruk, Michał Wechmann, Adam Kamiński, Katarzyna Kotrych, and Andrzej Bohatyrewicz. "Preliminary results of Highly Injectable Bi-Phasic Bone Substitute (CERAMENT) in the treatment of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions." Open Medicine 13, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2018-0072.

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AbstractBackground: CERAMENT™|BONE VOID FILLER is an injectable and moldable ceramic bone substitute material intended for bone voids. The material consists of hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The aim of this study is to present the first long-term results following open curettage of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions and void filling with this novel injectable and synthetic bone graft. Methods: Thirty three patients were enrolled into the study between June 2013 and October 2014 .Totally, we treated 24 women and 9 men with a median age of 47 years (range: 22-74). All patients suffered from primary musculoskeletal system disorders (enchondroma 63,6%, giant cell tumor 18%, aneurysmal bone cyst 9%, fibrous dysplasia 9%, Gaucher disease 3%). We performed curettage of pathological lesions, then the bone substitute was administered by means of needle to the void. Results: The average follow-up was 13 months (range: 2-13 months, median 10 months). No metastasis or recurrence had been detected. We received significant clinical improvement relating to VAS, MSTS, and oncological results. Conclusions: The results of our study report that CERAMENT can be successfully used as a bone substitute in patients with various bone diseases, as well as benign bone tumors. CERAMENT can provide an effective and long-term solution for reconstructive procedures following curettage of bone tumors and tumor like lesions.

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Purwiandono, Gani, Hera Julita, and Dita Adi Saputra. "Pengaruh Variasi HA-TCP (Hydroxy Apatit-Tricalcium Pospat) Terhadap Biokomposit (HA:TCP)-Gelatin-CMC Sebagai Injectable Bone Subtitute (IBS)." Chemical 4, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijcr.vol3.iss1.art4.

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The synthesis of biocomposite (HA:TCP) â€“ Gelatine â€“ CMC for bone filler material has been carried out. In this research, the ratio of HA and TCP was varied as follows: 70:30, 50:50 and 40:60. The decrease of HA and the increase of TCP concentration will decrease the density, increase the percentage of porosity and swelling. The best composition for the synthesis was obtained for sample B with the ratio of HA:TCP = 50:50. For sample B, the synthesized biocomposite has the density of 1.67790 gr/cm3, porosity of 78.64%, tension of 10.14 MPa, swelling abilityÂ 46.85% and the sample mass degradation percentage of 8.1 %. The composition used for the biocomposite synthesis in this research was suitable to be applied as bone filler material which needs a dense pores and high tension.

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Dumas, Jerald E., Katarzyna Zienkiewicz, Shaun A. Tanner, Edna M. Prieto, Subha Bhattacharyya, and Scott A. Guelcher. "Synthesis and Characterization of an Injectable Allograft Bone/Polymer Composite Bone Void Filler with Tunable Mechanical Properties." Tissue Engineering Part A 16, no. 8 (August 2010): 2505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0672.

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Effendi, Mochammad Dachyar, and Nandang Suhendra. "Pengaruh Rasio HA/TCP terhadap Karakteristik Komposit BCP-Gelatin-CMC sebagai Bahan Injectable Bone Substitute." Jurnal Inovasi dan Teknologi Material 1, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jitm.v1i2.3837.

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Penambahan bahan semen tulang kedalam rongga tulang dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mencegah kerusakan tulang akibat osteoporosis. Kelemahan utama dari bahan implant ortopedik berbasis hydroksiapatit sinter adalah bahan dalam bentuk solid dimana dalam aplikasi pembedahan, sulit untuk mengisi rongga tulang dengan ukuran tertentu. Alternatif yang nyaman untuk bahan pengisi tulang suspensi adalah denganÂ menggunakan bahan Injectable bone substitute. Dalam studi ini dipelajari komposisi material Injectable Bone substitute dengan matrik berupa polimer CMC-gelatin dan HA/TCP sebagai filler. Dilakukan variasi rasio Hidroksiapatit (HA) / tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) (70:30; 50:50; 40:60) Â untuk Â mempelajari pengaruhnya terhadap sifat-sifat fisik dan mekanik campuran. Hasil uji FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsi fosfat (PO43-) gugus fungsi karboksil dan gugus fungsi NH2 yang merujuk kepadaÂ bahan penyusunnya. Peningkatan porositas karena perubahan morfologi dikonfirmasi oleh gambar mikroskop polaritas. Hasil uji tekan menunjukkan berkurangnya Â nilai kuat tekan dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi TCP dalam campuran. Semua kelompok uji menunjukkan kemiripan struktural dengan tulang cancellous dalam sifat porositas dan kekuatan mekanik.

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WINGE, Mona I., Carina B. JOHANSSON, and Magne RØKKUM. "Biopsies from the Distal Radius after Implantation of Calcium Phosphate Cement." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 27, no. 05 (October 2022): 852–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835522500837.

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Background: Calcium Phosphate (CaP) bone cement is gradually replaced by new bone when used as a gap-filler. Details of the re-modelling process are still unclear. Uncertainty is also present as to the possible release of cement particles during the resorption phase causing local soft tissue reactions. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive histological investigation of the injectable CaP bone cement used as a void filler in corrective radius osteotomies and adjacent tissue reactions. Methods: Fourteen patients, median age 56 years (18–72), 4 men/10 women, underwent removal of distal radius plates (11 dorsal/3 volar) due to tenosynovitis-like symptoms. Eleven study patients went through corrective osteotomies with CaP bone cement and three were control patients. Previous surgery in three controls consisted in (1) corrective osteotomy with bone graft (dorsal plate), and (2) plated distal radius fractures (1 dorsal/1 volar plate). Biopsies were taken of bone-cement-bone junctions (11), bone-bone graft-bone junctions (1), bone (2) and juxtaposing soft tissue (14). The interval from corrective CaP cement surgery to biopsy was median 1.1 (0.6–2.3) years. Results: Biopsies of bone-cement junctions showed the different stages of new bone formation from CaP to immature bone and later mature well-organised bone. The cement showed signs of osteoclast-mediated resorption. Cement particles, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells (MNGC) and plasma cells were observed in most soft tissue biopsies. MNGC with internalised particles were seen. Macrophages were found along and/or within tendon sheaths in all patients in both groups, but rarely containing cement particles. Conclusions: Gradual re-modelling of the cement into well-organised bone was observed confirming osteoclast–osteoblast coupling. There was no indication that cement particles were the cause of the tenosynovitis-like symptoms.

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Engqvist, Hakan, S. Edlund, Gunilla Gómez-Ortega, Jesper Lööf, and Leif Hermansson. "In Vitro Mechanical Properties of a Calcium Silicate Based Bone Void Filler." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.829.

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The objective of the paper is to investigate the mechanical and the handling properties of a novel injectable bone void filler based on calcium silicate. The orthopaedic cement based on calcium silicate was compared to a calcium phosphate cement, Norian SRS from Syntes Stratec, with regard to the working (ejection through 14 G needle) and setting time (Gillmore needles), Young’s modulus and the flexural (ASTM F-394) and compressive (ISO 9917) strength after storage in phosphate buffer saline at body temperature for time points from 1h up to 16 weeks. The calcium silicate cement is composed of a calcium silicate powder (grain size below 20 µm) that is mixed with a liquid (water and CaCl2) into a paste using a spatula and a mixing cup. The water to cement ratio used was about 0.5. The calcium silicate had a working time of 15 minutes and a setting time of 17 minutes compared to 5 and 10 minutes respectively for the calcium phosphate cement. The compressive strength was considerably higher for the calcium silicate cement (>100 MPa) compared to the calcium phosphate cement (>40 MPa). Regarding the flexural strength the calcium silicate cement had high values for up to 1 week (> 40 MPa) but it decreased to 25 MPa after 16 weeks. The phosphate cement had a constant flexural strength of about 25 MPa. The results show that calcium silicate cement has the mechanical and handling potential to be used as high strength bone void filler.

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Deng, Lizhi, Yun Liu, Liqun Yang, Ju-Zhen Yi, Feilong Deng, and Li-Ming Zhang. "Injectable and bioactive methylcellulose hydrogel carrying bone mesenchymal stem cells as a filler for critical-size defects with enhanced bone regeneration." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 194 (October 2020): 111159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111159.

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Comuzzi, Luca, Edwin Ooms, and John A. Jansen. "Injectable calcium phosphate cement as a filler for bone defects around oral implants: an experimental study in goats." Clinical Oral Implants Research 13, no. 3 (May 12, 2002): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2002.130311.x.

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Karfarma, Masoud, Mohammad Hossein Esnaashary, Hamid Reza Rezaie, Jafar Javadpour, and Mohammad Reza Naimi-Jamal. "Poly(propylene fumarate)/magnesium calcium phosphate injectable bone composite: Effect of filler size and its weight fraction on mechanical properties." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 233, no. 11 (September 23, 2019): 1165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919877277.

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This study aimed to produce a composite of poly(propylene fumarate)/magnesium calcium phosphate as a substitutional implant in the treatment of trabecular bone defects. So, the effect of magnesium calcium phosphate particle size, magnesium calcium phosphate:poly(propylene fumarate) weight ratio on compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness was assessed by considering effective fracture mechanisms. Micro-sized (∼30 µm) and nano-sized (∼50 nm) magnesium calcium phosphate particles were synthesized via emulsion precipitation and planetary milling methods, respectively, and added to poly(propylene fumarate) up to 20 wt.%. Compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness of the composites were measured by compressive test, and effective fracture mechanisms were evaluated by imaging fracture surface. In both micro- and nano-composites, the highest compressive strength was obtained by adding 10 wt.% magnesium calcium phosphate particles, and the enhancement in nano-composite was superior to micro-one. The micrographs of fracture surface revealed different mechanisms such as crack pinning, void plastic growth, and particle cleavage. According to the results, the produced composite can be considered as a candidate for substituting hard tissue.

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Tofighi, Aliassghar. "Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (CPBC): Development, Commercialization and Future Challenges." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.349.

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The first generation of synthetic bone substitute materials, hydroxyapatite (or HA), was initially investigated as a “non self-hardening” biomaterial for remodeling of bone defects. CPBCs concepts were used as a platform to initiate a second generation of injectable, self-hardening cement. The variety of CPBC’s chemical composition leads to a better understanding of their mechanism of reaction and their proposed classification: acid-base, mono-component and hydrolysable. After hydration, mixing, and full chemical reaction, these cements have the ability to precipitate different end products (e.g. HA, calcium deficient apatite, carbonated apatite, brushite, etc.). In fact, the initial idea of having higher mechanical performance (>50 MPa in compression) for a bone void filler application was abandoned and has led to a greater focus on cement fast-hardening (<15 min), higher total porosity (>60%), extended performance of injectability (8 to 22 G), fast resorbability (< 2 years) and user-friendliness for the clinicians. A new CPBC combination (cement plus additives) has particularly improved rheological and biointegrity performance. A hybrid of CPBC-DBM (Demineralized Bone Matrix) has also added an osteoinductivity performance to the initial osteoconductive CPBC.This paper will propose a comparison of the chemical composition, reaction, and performance characteristics of major commercially available CPBC products. Furthermore, it will describe today’s surgeon’s CPBC needs as bone substitute materials for different clinical applications. Finally, we will discuss what we learned so far, how we can resolve several clinical impacts & product recall, and how we believe CPBC designers can meet development challenges, and users’ specific requirements.

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Badman, Brian L., Andrew Lee, Miguel Diaz, R. Allen Gorman II, Andrew Gudeman, Jesse Caballero, and Peter Simon. "A biomechanical analysis of flowable injectable calcium bone void filler on acromial tensile stresses: a method to reduce acromial stress fractures." Seminars in Arthroplasty: JSES 31, no. 3 (September 2021): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sart.2021.02.002.

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Ibrahim, Samir, Joanna Rybacka-Mossakowska, and Sławomir Michalak. "Fat graft – the natural choice for reconstructive, regenerative and aesthetic surgery." Advances in Cell Biology 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acb-2017-0008.

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AbstractThe search for appropriate filler, which can be used for aesthetic and reconstructive operations is currently one of challenges for plastic surgery. The application of absorbable and permanent artificial fillers may cause adverse events. Thus, autologous fat grafting can be a safe alternative. Moreover, fat tissue is rich in adipose-derived stem cells (ASC), which can be successfully used for regenerative procedures. The paper reviews reports on fat grafting procedures, which indicate risks and their possible prophylactic.Adipose tissue is a much more prolific source of ASCs than bone marrow. Basically, ASC are characterized by a spectrum of markers: CD11b-CD45-CD13+CD73+CD90+, which can be widened by CD36+CD-106-CD10+CD26+CD49d+CD49e+CD3-D49f -PODXL- to improve phenotyping. It is suggested to use at least two negative markers and two positive markers during the same phenotyping analysis. Fat transfer requires appropriate approach, planning and technique to make it clinically successful.Fat grafting fulfills the expectations for ideal injectable agent, which can be used for aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. To improve the survival of fat graft, careful decisions on donor site, local anesthetic administration, liposuction method, processing and placement methods need to be made. Moreover, fat is the source of adipose-derived stem cells which can be used for regenerative procedures. A proper transformation and identification of those cells is required to improve clinical effects.

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Wu, Chang-Chin, Li-Ho Hsu, Shoichiro Sumi, Kai-Chiang Yang, and Shu-Hua Yang. "Injectable and biodegradable composite bone filler composed of poly(propylene fumarate) and calcium phosphate ceramic for vertebral augmentation procedure: An in vivo porcine study." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 105, no. 8 (July 22, 2016): 2232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33678.

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Puska, Mervi, Joni Korventausta, Sufyan Garoushi, Jukka Seppälä, Pekka K. Vallittu, and Allan Aho. "Preliminary In Vitro Biocompatibility of Injectable Calcium Ceramic-Polymer Composite Bone Cement." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.273.

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In the coming decades, the need for reconstructive surgery of bones is predicted to increase with the ageing of the population as well as the increase of injuries needing traumatologic treatments. Therefore, there is still a constant search for tissue engineering and bone substitute materials. Xenografts, synthetic hydroxyapatitite, bioactive glasses and other bone substitutes have widely been studied. When bone defects are filled using bioceramics in granules, their utilization is limited to small size defects, because the injected granules do not give immediate support against the biomechanical loading of the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary biomineralization and the compression strength of experimental injectable bone cements modified with calcium ceramics. Our studies have focused on the development of injectable composites of bone cements, i.e. in situ curable resin systems containing impregnated Ca ceramics. The polymerized bone cement composites aspire to simulate as closely as possible the mechanical and structural properties properties of bone. The present compressive strength of our inorganic-organic bone cements are >65 up to ~180 MPa. These cements are slightly porous from their outermost surface and showed preliminarily osteoconductivity of some degree.

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Kreicberga, Inta, and Kristine Salma-Ancane. "Injectable Organic-Inorganic Biocomposites for Bone Tissue Regeneration - A Mini Review." Key Engineering Materials 903 (November 10, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.903.52.

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Bone regeneration is complex physiological process, which include the most common form of regeneration - bone fracture healing and new bone formation. Moreover, large bone defects, infections and bone diseases such as osteoporosis and arthritis can impair bone regeneration. Despite intensive research and development of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering, especially for osteoporotic bone healing, the properties of the fabricated biomaterials are still far from those of unique composite structure of natural bone and desired therapeutic effect not achieved. This mini-review will highlight the various cutting-edge injectable inorganic-organic biocomposites as minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics for bone tissue regeneration. The review will summarize the main strategic tools for the development of injectable biocomposites: natural or synthetic biopolymer-based hydrogels, bioactive inorganic fillers and biologically active components, as well as the fabrication techniques and synthesis methods.

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Åberg, Jonas, Eszter Pankotai, Gry Hulsart Billström, Miklós Weszl, Sune Larsson, Csaba Forster-Horváth, Zsombor Lacza, and Håkan Engqvist. "In VivoEvaluation of an Injectable Premixed Radiopaque Calcium Phosphate Cement." International Journal of Biomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/232574.

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In this work a radiopaque premixed calcium phosphate cement (pCPC) has been developed and evaluatedin vivo. Radiopacity was obtained by adding 0–40 % zirconia to the cement paste. The effects of zirconia on setting time, strength and radiopacity were evaluated. In thein vivostudy a 2 by 3.5 mm cylindrical defect in a rat vertebrae was filled with either the pCPC, PMMA or bone chips. Nano-SPECT CT analysis was used to monitor osteoblast activity during bone regeneration. The study showed that by adding zirconia to the cement the setting time becomes longer and the compressive strength is reduced. All materials evaluated in thein vivostudy filled the bone defect and there was a strong osteoblast activity at the injury site. In spite of the osteoblast activity, PMMA blocked bone healing and the bone chips group showed minimal new bone formation. At 12 weeks the pCPC was partially resorbed and replaced by new bone with good bone ingrowth. The radiopaque pCPC may be considered to be used for minimal invasive treatment of vertebral fractures since it has good handling, radiopacity and allows healing of cancellous bone in parallel with the resorption of the cement.

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Hikmawati, Dyah, Sarda Nugraheni, and Aminatun Aminatun. "3D Printing Geometric Scaffold Design Variation of Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS) Pa." Indonesian Applied Physics Letters 1, no. 2 (November 27, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/iapl.v1i2.23447.

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3D printing technology application in tissue engineering could be provided by designing geometrical scaffold architecture which also functionates as drug delivery. For drug delivery scaffold on bone tuberculosis, the cell pore of the geometric design was filled with Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS) which had streptomycin as anti-tuberculosis. In this study, scaffolds were synthesized in three cells geometric filled by Injectable Bone Substitutes (IBS), Hexahedron, Truccated Hexahedron, and Rhombicuboctahedron, which had 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm size dimension and 0.8 mm strut. The final design was printed in 3D with polylactic acid (PLA) filament using the FDM process (Fused Deposition Modelling). The composition of IBS paste was a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatine (GEL) 20% w/v with a ratio of 60:40, streptomycin 10 wt% and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 4% w/v. It was then characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scaffold–paste characterization was included pore size test of 3D printing result before and after injected using Scanning Electron Microscope SEM, porosity test, and compressive strength test. The result showed that the pore of scaffold design was 1379 µm and after injected with IBS paste, the pore leaving 231.04 µm of size. The scaffold with IBS paste porosity test showed ranges between 40,78-70,04% while the compressive strength of before and after injected ranges between 1,110-634 MPa and 2,217-6,971 MPa respectively. From the test results, the scaffold 3D printing with IBS paste in this study had suitable physical characteristics to be applicated on cancellous bones which were infected by tuberculosis.

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Wang, Jian Sheng, K. E. Tanner, Saba Abdulghani, and Lars Lidgren. "Indentation Testing of a Bone Defect Filled with Two Different Injectable Bone Substitutes." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.89.

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Injectable bone substitutes (IBS) based on calcium phosphate (CaP) and/or calcium sulphate (CaS) are used as fillers in bone defects to stimulate bone integration and allow mechanical loading. Two types of IBS, IBS-1 is CaP+20%CaS and IBS-2 is CaS+40% hydroxyapatite, were investigated. The materials were injected into holes in the femur and tibia in rabbits. After 10 weeks the femora were subjected to indentation testing and tibiae were prepared for histology evaluation. IBS-1 lead to an higher indentation load compared to control, that is no material inserted, while IBS-2 showed no significant difference between material and control. Histology showed that with IBS-1, the bone penetrated into and integrated with the material in the defect. With IBS-2, new bone grew into the outer 0.5-1.0 mm. The materials could be used for different indications, such as to support fracture healing or in contained cavities.

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Chichiricco, Pauline Marie, Pietro Matricardi, Bruno Colaço, Pedro Gomes, Christine Jérôme, Julie Lesoeur, Joëlle Veziers, et al. "Injectable Hydrogel Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration." Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010094.

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In recent years, multicomponent hydrogels such as interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) have emerged as innovative biomaterials due to the synergistic combination of the properties of each network. We hypothesized that an innovative non-animal IPN hydrogel combining self-setting silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC) with photochemically cross-linkable dextran methacrylate (DexMA) could be a valid alternative to porcine collagen membranes in guided bone regeneration. Calvaria critical-size defects in rabbits were filled with synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate granules in conjunction with Si-HPMC; DexMA; or Si-HPMC/DexMA experimental membranes; and in a control group with a porcine collagen membrane. The synergistic effect obtained by interpenetration of the two polymer networks improved the physicochemical properties, and the gel point under visible light was reached instantaneously. Neutral red staining of murine L929 fibroblasts confirmed the cytocompatibility of the IPN. At 8 weeks, the photo-crosslinked membranes induced a similar degree of mineral deposition in the calvaria defects compared to the positive control, with 30.5 ± 5.2% for the IPN and 34.3 ± 8.2% for the collagen membrane. The barrier effect appeared to be similar in the IPN test group compared with the collagen membrane. In conclusion, this novel, easy-to-handle and apply, photochemically cross-linkable IPN hydrogel is an excellent non-animal alternative to porcine collagen membrane in guided bone regeneration procedures.

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Suzuki, Kentaro, Takahisa Anada, Yoshitomo Honda, Koshi N. Kishimoto, Naohisa Miyatake, Masami Hosaka, Hideki Imaizumi, Eiji Itoi, and Osamu Suzuki. "Cortical Bone Tissue Response of Injectable Octacalcium Phosphate-Hyaluronic Acid Complexes." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.296.

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We have previously shown that synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) displays highly osteoconductive and biodegradable characteristics. However, OCP cannot be sintered without thermal decomposition due to the existence of water molecules in the structure. The acquisition of the moldability and the improvement of the handling property in this material are subjects for the clinical use. In the present study, we prepared OCP complex with hyaluronic acid (Hya) that could be used in the injectable form and further examined the bone tissue reaction to cortical bone by placing the complex directly on an 8-weeks-old ICR mouse calvaria in comparison with the placement of OCP granules only. The granule form of OCP (between 300 to 500 μm in diameter) was mixed with sodium hyaluronic acid with molecular weights 90 x 104. The complex revealed an injectable characteristic if it was utilized in a syringe. After polytetrafluoroethylen ring was mounted on mouse calvaria, the inner space of the ring was filled with the complex and left the complex as it is for 6 weeks. Histological examination using the decalcified specimens indicated that the OCP/Hya complex exhibited greater bone formation than OCP granules only group within the ring at 6 weeks. The results suggested that the OCP/Hya complex could be used as an injectable and osteoconductive bone substitute material in many clinical situations.

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Dabaj, Pervin, Atakan Kalender, and Ayce Unverdi Eldeniz. "Push-Out Bond Strength and SEM Evaluation in Roots Filled with Two Different Techniques Using New and Conventional Sealers." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091620.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of calcium-silicate-based sealer (Endosequence-BC-Sealer) in roots, filled with thermo-plasticized injectable technique aided by Calamus-Flow-Delivery-System, on bond strength to radicular dentin, in comparison with conventional epoxy-resin-based sealer (AH-Plus) along with cold-lateral-compaction technique. Root canals of mandibular-premolar teeth (n = 80) were instrumented using Protaper Universal rotary files and were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 20) as follows: (1) AH-Plus + cold-lateral-compaction technique; (2) Endosequence-BC-Sealer + cold-lateral-compaction technique; (3) AH-Plus + thermo-plasticized injectable technique; and (4) Endosequence-BC-Sealer + thermo-plasticized injectable technique. Horizontal disc shaped samples from each group (n = 60/group) were obtained and push-out bond strength testing was performed at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.001). The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference amongst the groups (p < 0.001). The highest bond strength values were found in group 1 compared with all the other experimental groups (p < 0.001), whereas the lowest bond strength values were found in group 4 (p < 0.001). It was concluded that thermo-plasticized injectable technique with Calamus-Flow-Delivery-System lowered the bond strengths of the sealers, especially Endosequence-BC-Sealer. Therefore, this technique is not recommended to calcium-silicate-based sealers. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study.

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Bark, S., F. Renken, A. P. Schulz, A. Paech, and J. Gille. "Arthroscopic-Assisted Treatment of a Reversed Hill-Sachs Lesion: Description of a New Technique Using Cerament." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/789203.

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Purpose. Impaction fractures of the anterior aspect of the humeral head, the reversed Hill-Sachs lesion, are common in posterior shoulder dislocation. We present a new technique to address these lesions arthroscopic-assisted with the use of a bone substitute.Methods. We report the case of a 45-year-old male with a reversed Hill-Sachs lesion after posterior shoulder dislocation. Initially a glenohumeral arthroscopy is performed to address concomitant intra-articular injuries. Guided by the k-wire a cannulated sizer was inserted for reduction of the fracture under arthroscopic visualization. For reduction of the impacted part of the humeral head the subcortical defect was filled with an injectable bone substitute (Cerament) to prevent secondary dislocation.Results. X-ray at follow-up 6 months after the index procedure documents the bony remodeling of the bone substitute. At that time the patient was pain-free (VAS 0) and satisfied with the outcome (Constant score: 78, Rand-36 score: 84, Rowe score: 81) with a good ROM.Conclusions. In conclusion, arthroscopic-assisted reconstruction of reversed Hill-Sachs lesions with an injectable bone substitute is feasible and may provide patients with all the benefits of an anatomic reconstruction with decreased risks related to open surgery.

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Rodriguez, Lucas, Jonathan Chari, Shant Aghyarian, Izabelle Gindri, Victor Kosmopoulos, and Danieli Rodrigues. "Preparation and Characterization of Injectable Brushite Filled-Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Bone Cement." Materials 7, no. 9 (September 19, 2014): 6779–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma7096779.

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Wang, Qun, Zhen Gu, Syed Jamal, Michael S. Detamore, and Cory Berkland. "Hybrid Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Colloidal Gels are Injectable Fillers for Bone Tissue Engineering." Tissue Engineering Part A 19, no. 23-24 (December 2013): 2586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0075.

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Bosco, Julia, Ahmed Fatimi, Sophie Quillard, Jean Michel Bouler, and Pierre Weiss. "Rheological Properties of an Injectable Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Material." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.847.

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An injectable bone substitute (IBS) made of a suspension of calcium phosphate ceramic was used to filled dental root canal after removing of canal pulp. Compared with current filling materials, which are toxic to periapical tissues, calcium phosphate materials, due to their biocompatibility and bioactive properties, may be viewed as possible alternatives. The aim of this study was first to determine if an injectable bone substitute could be used to obtain further healing of apical tissue by the neoformation of a mineralized barrier. In the next step, the paper will focus on rheological measurements as a tool for physical characterisation and on the improvement of the injection technique. Rheology concerns the flow and deformation of the suspension and, in particular, its behaviour in the transient area between solids and fluids. The results showed that injection is possible with a good level of BCP granules at the end of the root dental canal with extracted tooth. Other experiments with other animal models closer to a Human model have to be performed before human trials.

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Seyedmajidi, Maryam, Seyedmahmood Rabiee, Sina Haghanifar, Seyedkamal Seyedmajidi, Seyed Gholam ali Jorsaraei, Homayoun Alaghehmand, Naghmeh Jamaatlu, and Ali Bijani. "Histopathological, Histomorphometrical, and Radiographical Evaluation of Injectable Glass-Ceramic-Chitosan Nanocomposite in Bone Reconstruction of Rat." International Journal of Biomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/719574.

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Background. Bone defects following tumor resection and osteolysis due to bone lesions, periodontal tissue disorders, and bone reconstruction are challenges that surgeons face. Gass-ceramic-chitosan nanocomposite contains chitosan, a derivative of crustaceans’ exoskeleton.Methods. Thirty-two 6–8-week-old male Wistar rats were chosen. One hole on each right and left tibia was made. The right tibia holes were filled with injectable glass-ceramic-chitosan nanocomposite, and the left tibia holes were left empty. After 7, 14, 28, and 60 days, histopathological, histomorphometrical, and radiographical assessments were performed.Results. Radiographic density on days 7 and 14 was significantly higher in the right tibias than in the left tibias. Trabecular bone thickness, which was higher in the right tibias, increased from day 7 to day 60 in both right and left tibias, although not significantly.Conclusions. Glass-ceramic-chitosan nanocomposite is suggested for use in bone repair in cases of bone loss. More histopathological, histomorphometrical, and radiographical assessments are also recommended.

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Prodan, Aleksandr Ivanovich, Gennady Kharlampyevich Gruntovsky, Andrey Ivanovich Popov, Mikhail Yuryevich Karpinsky, Igor Abatolyevich Subbota, and Elena Dmitryevna Karpinskaya. "BIOMECHANICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF OPTIMAL CONTENT OF COMPOSITE USED IN PERCUTANEOS VERTEBROPLASTY." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika, no. 2 (June 22, 2006): 068–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2006.2.68-74.

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Objectives. To specify optimal content of the injectable composite material for percutanious vertebroplasty. Material and Methods. Two sets of experiments were performed. Alimentary osteoporosis was induced in 19 rats and confirmed histologically in 3 rats. Sixteen rats underwent anterior procedure of spherical defect drilling in L6 vertebral body. The defect was filled with bone cement (Osteopol-V) in group I (n = 8) and with composite material (Osteopol-V – 80 %; hydroxiapatite (HAP) – 4 %; tricalcium phosphate (TCP) – 16 %) in group II (n = 8). Vertebral bodies were extirpated three months after vertebroplasty. Four bodies in each group were subjected to biomechanical testing, another four – to hystological one. Results. The elastic modulus of composite material is most similar to that of the cortical bone when it contains 80–90 % of bone cement with HAP/TCP ratio to be 2:8, as was confirmed by mathematical calculations. Mechanical testing of specimens have shown that the most strong composite contain 80 % of bone cement, 4 % of HAP, and 16 % of TCP. Experimental testing of intact osteoporotic vertebral bodies vs vertebral bodies 3 months after vertebroplasty with bone cement (Group I) and with composite material (Group II) has clearly shown, that composite material provides a higher strength, bone tissue ingrowth into resorbable ceramic, and a solid osteointegration. Conclusion. New injectable composite material significantly increases the strength and stiffness of both fractured and nonfractured osteoporotic vertebrae. This material can be used for restabilization of osteoporotic compression fracture and for prevention of vertebral body compression in osteoporosis.

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Kong, Jianjun, Jianqing Ma, Zhanyong Wu, Huiwang Wang, Xiangping Peng, Shaofeng Wang, Chunfu Wu, et al. "Minimally invasive injectable lumbar interbody fusion with mineralized collagen-modified PMMA bone cement: A new animal model." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 18 (January 2020): 228080002090363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800020903630.

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This study was to develop a feasible and safe animal model for minimally invasive injectable lumbar interbody fusion using a novel biomaterial, mineralized collagen-polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (MC-PMMA), with unilateral pedicle screw fixation in an in vivo goat model. Eight goats ( Capra aegagrus hircus) were divided into three groups: MC-PMMA, unmodified commercial-polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (UC-PMMA), and a control group (titanium cage filled with autogenous bone, TC-AB). Each group of goats was treated with minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion at the L3/L4 and L5/L6 disc spaces (injected for MC-PMMA and UC-PMMA, implanted for TC-AB). The pedicle screws were inserted at the L3, L4, L5, and L6 vertebrae, respectively, and fixed on the left side. The characteristics of osteogenesis and bone growth were assessed at the third and the sixth month, respectively. The methods of evaluation included the survival of each animal, X-ray imaging, and 256-layer spiral computed tomography (256-CT) scanning, imaged with three-dimensional microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT), and histological analysis. The results showed that PMMA bone cement can be extruded smoothly after doping MC, the MC-PMMA integrates better with bone than the UC-PMMA, and all goats recovered after surgery without nerve damage. After 3 and 6 months, the implants were stable. New trabecular bone was observed in the TC-AB group. In the UC-PMMA group a thick fibrous capsule had formed around the implants. The MC-PMMA was observed to have perfect osteogenesis and bone ingrowth to adjacent bone surface. Minimally invasive injectable lumbar interbody fusion using MC-PMMA bone cement was shown to have profound clinical value, and the MC-PMMA showed potential application prospects.

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Čandrlić, Marija, Željka Perić Kačarević, Zrinka Ivanišević, Matej Tomas, Aleksandar Včev, Dario Faj, and Marko Matijević. "Histological and Radiological Features of a Four-Phase Injectable Synthetic Bone Graft in Guided Bone Regeneration: A Case Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010206.

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Background and objective: Injectable synthetic bone grafts (ISBG) are widely used biomaterials for regeneration purposes. The aim of this case report was to examine the efficacy of ISBG in the management of buccal fenestration in the case of a 25-year-old female. Case report: After a traumatic tooth extraction, the defect was filled with ISBG and covered with a resorbable membrane. The ISBG showed easy handling and the patient had no complications during healing. Six months after augmentation, a bone biopsy was taken during implant bed preparation. The histological results showed good integration of ISBG into the newly formed bone and no signs of tissue inflammation. Additionally, a CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) analysis was performed to support the histological results. Conclusion: The use of the examined ISBG led to successful treatment of the buccal fenestration defect.

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Osaka, Eiji, Toshio Kojima, Yukihiro Yoshida, and Hiroshi Uei. "A bent needle tip during irrigation for enchondroma of the distal phalanx: a new curettage tool." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 030006051989236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519892367.

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Background We employed a novel curettage tool, a bent needle tip, during irrigation for enchondroma of the distal phalanx. This study aimed to evaluate our new curettage tool for treating enchondroma of the distal phalanx. Methods Seven distal phalanx enchondromas were pathologically diagnosed at our institute. We evaluated age, gender, tumor location, affected side, clinical symptoms, Takigawa classification, size, recurrence, complications, residual pain, Tordai score, and follow-up period. We bent an 18G needle tip connected to an extension tube and syringe. The bent needle was inserted through the small hole, and the cavity for bone grafting was adequately filled with injectable calcium phosphate cement through the small hole. Results There were five centric-type and two giant-type tumors, with a mean size of 52.7%. All patients had clinical symptoms at the initial presentation. All patients showed complete bone healing within 3 months on post-radiological examinations and were Grade 1 according to the Tordai score. Conclusions This tool is extremely simple, and both the incision and the cortical window can be small. We recommend a bent needle tip, easily devised in any hospital, as a curettage tool for treating enchondroma in small bones, especially of the distal phalanx.

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Dupleichs, Manon, Maxence Limelette, Charlotte Mellier, Valérie Montouillout, François-Xavier Lefevre, Sophie Quillard, Jean-Yves Mevellec, and Pascal Janvier. "Controlled release of gallium maltolate complex from injectable phosphocalcic cements." Materials Research Express 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 095401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac8a3c.

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Abstract Some cancers have tropism for bone: breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and thyroid cancers are the most common. Bone metastases can be treated with surgical resection and the resulting bone defects can be filled with injectable biomaterials. Among these, calcium phosphates may be the biomaterials of choice because of their ability to locally release anticancer active ingredients. Herein, we propose the synthesis of injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) loaded with gallium maltolate (GaM). It is an extremely promising anticancer drug with also antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This synthesis was based on commercial cement whose main component was α-tri-calcium phosphate (α-TCP), and the final product obtained after hardening was calcium-deficient apatite (CDA). Two formulations were prepared, containing 3.5% and 7% by mass of GaM (CPC-3.5G and CPC-7G respectively). Powder x-ray diffraction (pXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR MAS) 31P analyses showed that the direct incorporation of GaM did not modify the final cement composition. Textural properties, such as setting time, injectability, workability, and cohesiveness, were well preserved or even improved. Additionally, the mechanical strength, although slightly reduced, remained perfectly compatible with surgical use. In vitro kinetics studies of GaM-loaded CPCs showed a controlled release of GaM (49% at 60 days for CPC-3.5G and 58% at 116 days for CPC-7G) following Fick’s law. Raman imaging was used to visualize its diffusion within the cement during in vitro release experiments. Finally, the structural integrity of the gallium complex in the CPC was confirmed using NMR MAS 71Ga.

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Tzagiollari, Antzela, Helen O. McCarthy, Tanya J. Levingstone, and Nicholas J. Dunne. "Biodegradable and Biocompatible Adhesives for the Effective Stabilisation, Repair and Regeneration of Bone." Bioengineering 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9060250.

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Bone defects and complex fractures present significant challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. Current surgical procedures involve the reconstruction and mechanical stabilisation of complex fractures using metal hardware (i.e., wires, plates and screws). However, these procedures often result in poor healing. An injectable, biocompatible, biodegradable bone adhesive that could glue bone fragments back together would present a highly attractive solution. A bone adhesive that meets the many clinical requirements for such an application has yet to be developed. While synthetic and biological polymer-based adhesives (e.g., cyanoacrylates, PMMA, fibrin, etc.) have been used effectively as bone void fillers, these materials lack biomechanical integrity and demonstrate poor injectability, which limits the clinical effectiveness and potential for minimally invasive delivery. This systematic review summarises conventional approaches and recent developments in the area of bone adhesives for orthopaedic applications. The required properties for successful bone repair adhesives, which include suitable injectability, setting characteristics, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and an ability to promote new bone formation, are highlighted. Finally, the potential to achieve repair of challenging bone voids and fractures as well as the potential of new bioinspired adhesives and the future directions relating to their clinical development are discussed.

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Kjalarsdóttir, Lilja, Arna Dýrfjörd, Atli Dagbjartsson, Elín H. Laxdal, Gissur Örlygsson, Jóhannes Gíslason, Jón M. Einarsson, Chuen-How Ng, and Halldór Jónsson. "Bone remodeling effect of a chitosan and calcium phosphate-based composite." Regenerative Biomaterials 6, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbz009.

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Abstract Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer that has been widely studied for tissue engineering purposes. The aim of this research was to assess bone regenerative properties of an injectable chitosan and calcium phosphate-based composite and identify optimal degree of deacetylation (%DDA) of the chitosan polymer. Drill holes were generated on the left side of a mandible in Sprague-Dawley rats, and the hole was either left empty or filled with the implant. The animals were sacrificed at several time points after surgery (7–22 days) and bone was investigated using micro-CT and histology. No significant new bone formation was observed in the implants themselves at any time points. However, substantial new bone formation was observed in the rat mandible further away from the drill hole. Morphological changes indicating bone formation were found in specimens explanted on Day 7 in animals that received implant. Similar bone formation pattern was seen in control animals with an empty drill hole at later time points but not to the same extent. A second experiment was performed to examine if the %DDA of the chitosan polymer influenced the bone remodeling response. The results suggest that chitosan polymers with %DDA between 50 and 70% enhance the natural bone remodeling mechanism.

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Hosseini, Saeideh. "A Review of Bone Cements as Injectable Materials for Treatment of Bone-Related Diseases: Current Status and Future Developments." Journal of Research in Orthopedic Science 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jrosj.9.1.855.1.

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Increasing the average age of the population as well as sports injuries, bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, rupture or damage to cartilage and bone tissues, and bone fractures, has dramatically increased the need for repair and joint replacement surgeries. Biocompatible materials that are used as prosthetic stabilizers and bone fillers in orthopedic surgery are known as injectable bone cement (IBCs). Available clinical IBCs, such as polymethyl methacrylate and calcium phosphate cement are the most important of these materials. This paper presents the most popular substances for medical use. Although this replacement procedure reduces the pain and restores joint function, it is associated with several drawbacks that limit its efficiency and effectiveness, and sometimes patients should undergo revision surgeries. Recently, the development of the next generation of IBCs, which are bioactive and degradable with good mechanical properties, is of great interest. For the long-term clinical performance in cement arthroplasty, the next generation of bone cement with far greater mechanical and biological properties than acrylic bone cement on the market is required. As a result, new approaches and formulas have been developed using various techniques from different disciplines. This study summarizes the challenges, developments, and recommendations for the future. For this purpose, various literature from databases, such as ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, PubMed, and so on were consulted from 2000 to 2020.

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Miura, Noriko, Hirotaka Maeda, and Toshihiro Kasuga. "Preparation of Silica-Doped Poly(Lactic Acid) Composite Hollow Spheres Containing Calcium Carbonates." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.457.

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Silica-doped poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite hollow spheres containing calcium carbonates (Si-CCPC spheres) were prepared using aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for injectable bone fillers combined with a cell-delivery system. Si-CCPC spheres have a hollow spherical shape of ~1 mm in the external diameter and an open channel in the shell, which is selfformed. The channel size is about 500 *m in diameter. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed incorporation of silicon in Si-CCPC spheres. After soaking Si-CCPC spheres in simulated body fluid (SBF), hydroxycarbonate apatite formed on the Si-CCPC spheres. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) showed that the Si4+ ion is released from Si-CCPC spheres in SBF.

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Pujari-Palmer, Michael, Hua Guo, David Wenner, Hélène Autefage, Christopher Spicer, Molly Stevens, Omar Omar, et al. "A Novel Class of Injectable Bioceramics That Glue Tissues and Biomaterials." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122492.

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Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are clinically effective void fillers that are capable of bridging calcified tissue defects and facilitating regeneration. However, CPCs are completely synthetic/inorganic, unlike the calcium phosphate that is found in calcified tissues, and they lack an architectural organization, controlled assembly mechanisms, and have moderate biomechanical strength, which limits their clinical effectiveness. Herein, we describe a new class of bioinspired CPCs that can glue tissues together and bond tissues to metallic and polymeric biomaterials. Surprisingly, alpha tricalcium phosphate cements that are modified with simple phosphorylated amino acid monomers of phosphoserine (PM-CPCs) bond tissues up to 40-fold stronger (2.5–4 MPa) than commercial cyanoacrylates (0.1 MPa), and 100-fold stronger than surgical fibrin glue (0.04 MPa), when cured in wet-field conditions. In addition to adhesion, phosphoserine creates other novel properties in bioceramics, including a nanoscale organic/inorganic composite microstructure, and templating of nanoscale amorphous calcium phosphate nucleation. PM-CPCs are made of the biocompatible precursors calcium, phosphate, and amino acid, and these represent the first amorphous nano-ceramic composites that are stable in liquids.

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Li, Hanluo, Hafiz Awais Nawaz, Federica Francesca Masieri, Sarah Vogel, Ute Hempel, Alexander K. Bartella, Rüdiger Zimmerer, et al. "Osteogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue, Bone Marrow and Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath in a 3D Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Hydrogel." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105404.

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Bone transplantation is regarded as the preferred therapy to treat a variety of bone defects. Autologous bone tissue is often lacking at the source, and the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) responsible for bone repair mechanisms are extracted by invasive procedures. This study explores the potential of autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from the hair follicle outer root sheath (MSCORS). We demonstrated that MSCORS have a remarkable capacity to differentiate in vitro towards the osteogenic lineage. Indeed, when combined with a novel gelatin-based hydrogel called Osteogel, they provided additional osteoinductive cues in vitro that may pave the way for future application in bone regeneration. MSCORS were also compared to MSCs from adipose tissue (ADMSC) and bone marrow (BMMSC) in a 3D Osteogel model. We analyzed gel plasticity, cell phenotype, cell viability, and differentiation capacity towards the osteogenic lineage by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and specific gene expression. The novel injectable hydrogel filled an irregularly shaped lesion in a porcine wound model displaying high plasticity. MSCORS in Osteogel showed a higher osteo-commitment in terms of calcium deposition and expression dynamics of OCN, BMP2, and PPARG when compared to ADMSC and BMMSC, whilst displaying comparable cell viability and ALP activity. In conclusion, autologous MSCORS combined with our novel gelatin-based hydrogel displayed a high capacity for differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage and are acquired by non-invasive procedures, therefore qualifying as a suitable and expandable novel approach in the field of bone regeneration therapy.

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An, Chuanfeng, Weijian Liu, Yang Zhang, Bo Pang, Hui Liu, Yujie Zhang, Haoyue Zhang, et al. "Continuous microfluidic encapsulation of single mesenchymal stem cells using alginate microgels as injectable fillers for bone regeneration." Acta Biomaterialia 111 (July 2020): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.024.

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van Orten, Andreas, Werner Goetz, and Hakan Bilhan. "Tooth-Derived Granules in Combination with Platelet-Rich Fibrin (“Sticky Tooth”) in Socket Preservation: A Histological Evaluation." Dentistry Journal 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj10020029.

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Background: The maintenance of ridge volume following tooth extraction has gained more importance in the last few years. This clinical study aimed to assess the impact of autologous dentin particles mixed with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on a sticky tooth mixture for socket preservation in terms of consecutive need for horizontal guided bone regeneration and histological findings. Methods: Eight extraction sockets in seven patients were included in this study. Autologous dentin particles were mixed with PRF, filled in the sockets, and covered with a cross-linked collagen membrane exposed to the oral cavity and fixated by crisscross sutures. An orthopantomogram was taken before the first surgical procedure and a CBCT prior to static computer-aided implant surgery. At the time of implant placement, cores were harvested with the aid of a trephine for histological examinations for every preserved socket. Results: No further horizontal GBR intervention was required in any cases, and the histological findings were unremarkable. The new bone was mostly cancellous and in direct contact with the remaining dentin granules. Conclusions: Within the limits of this clinical study, it may be concluded that this method is valuable for socket preservation and obtaining vital and good quality bone structure. The sticky tooth technique seems to be very efficient despite the more complex equipment.

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Costa, Ana Catarina, Patrícia Mafalda Alves, Fernando Jorge Monteiro, and Christiane Salgado. "Interactions between Dental MSCs and Biomimetic Composite Scaffold during Bone Remodeling Followed by In Vivo Real-Time Bioimaging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031827.

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Oral–maxillofacial tumor removal can generate critical bone defects and major problems for patients, causing dysfunctionalities and affecting oral competencies such as mastication, swallowing, and breathing. The association of novel biomaterials and cell therapies in tissue engineering strategies could offer new strategies to promote osteomucosa healing. This study focused on the development of a bioengineered construct loaded with human dental follicle cells (MSCs). To increase the bioconstruct integration to the surrounding tissue, a novel and comprehensive approach was designed combining an injectable biomimetic hydrogel and dental stem cells (hDFMSCs) expressing luminescence/fluorescence for semi-quantitative tissue imaging in live animals. This in vivo model with human MSCs was based on an intramembranous bone regeneration process (IMO). Biologically, the biocomposite based on collagen/nanohydroxyapatite filled with cell-loaded osteopontin–fibrin hydrogel (Coll/nanoHA OPN-Fb) exhibited a high cellular proliferation rate, increased bone extracellular matrix deposition (osteopontin) and high ALP activity, indicating an early osteogenic differentiation. Thus, the presence of human OPN enhanced hDFMSC adhesion, migration, and spatial distribution within the 3D matrix. The developed 3D bioconstruct provided the necessary pro-regenerative effect to modulate the biological response, precisely fitting the bone defect with fine-tuned adjustment to the surrounding original structure and promoting oral osteomucosa tissue regeneration. We were also able to track the cells in vivo and evaluate their behavior (migration, proliferation, and differentiation), providing a glimpse into bone regeneration and helping in the optimization of patient-specific therapies.

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Barbeck, Mike, Christiane Hoffmann, Robert Sader, Fabian Peters, Wolf-Dietrich Hübner, Charles James Kirkpatrick, and Shahram Ghanaati. "Injectable Bone Substitute Based on β-TCP Combined With a Hyaluronan-Containing Hydrogel Contributes to Regeneration of a Critical Bone Size Defect Towards Restitutio ad Integrum." Journal of Oral Implantology 42, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-14-00203.

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In the present in vivo study, the regenerative potential of a new injectable bone substitute (IBS) composed of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hyaluronan was tested in a rabbit distal femoral condyle model. To achieve this, 2 defects of 6 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length were drilled into each femur condyle in a total of 12 animals. For each animal, 1 hole was filled with the substitute material, and the other was left empty to serve as the control. After 1, 3, and 6 months, the regenerative process was analyzed by radiography as well as by histological and histomorphometrical analysis. The results revealed that bone tissue formation took place through osteoconductive processes over time, starting from the defect borders to the center. Both the β-TCP content and the hydrogel support bone tissue growth. The histomorphometrical measurements showed that the amount of bone formation in the experimental group was significantly higher compared with that found in the control group after 3 months (19.51 ± 5.08% vs. 1.96 ± 0.77%, P < .05) and 6 months (4.57 ± 1.56% vs. 0.23 ± 0.21%, P < .05). The application of the IBS gave a restitutio ad integrum result after 6 months and was associated with its nearly complete degradation, in contrast to the results found in the control group. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that the IBS contributes to sufficient bone regeneration by serving as a scaffold-like structure, combined with its degradation within 6 months.

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Cipriani, Filippo, Blanca Ariño Palao, Israel Gonzalez de Torre, Aurelio Vega Castrillo, Héctor José Aguado Hernández, Matilde Alonso Rodrigo, Angel José Àlvarez Barcia, et al. "An elastin-like recombinamer-based bioactive hydrogel embedded with mesenchymal stromal cells as an injectable scaffold for osteochondral repair." Regenerative Biomaterials 6, no. 6 (May 20, 2019): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbz023.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate injectable, in situ cross-linkable elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) for osteochondral repair. Both the ELR-based hydrogel alone and the ELR-based hydrogel embedded with rabbit mesenchymal stromal cells (rMSCs) were tested for the regeneration of critical subchondral defects in 10 New Zealand rabbits. Thus, cylindrical osteochondral defects were filled with an aqueous solution of ELRs and the animals sacrificed at 4 months for histological and gross evaluation of features of biomaterial performance, including integration, cellular infiltration, surrounding matrix quality and the new matrix in the defects. Although both approaches helped cartilage regeneration, the results suggest that the specific composition of the rMSC-containing hydrogel permitted adequate bone regeneration, whereas the ELR-based hydrogel alone led to an excellent regeneration of hyaline cartilage. In conclusion, the ELR cross-linker solution can be easily delivered and forms a stable well-integrated hydrogel that supports infiltration and de novo matrix synthesis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Injectable bone filler'

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