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1
Stokke, Kristian. "Political Representation by Ethnic Parties? Electoral Performance and Party-Building Processes among Ethnic Parties in Myanmar." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 38, no. 3 (December 2019): 307–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1868103419893530.
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What is the role of political representation by ethnic parties in a multi-ethnic state that has undergone a transition from military rule, and is seeking to resolve protracted intrastate conflicts? The present article examines this question through a contextual case study of ethnic parties in Myanmar – a state that is characterised by unresolved ethnic grievances and conflicts; a political transition that has created new opportunities for ethnic representation; and multiple ethnic parties making representative claims on behalf of ethnic groups. Based on a mixed methods approach, the article documents that ethnic parties have been relatively ineffective in ensuring formal and descriptive representation and have had limited possibilities for substantive representation of ethnic interests. The article also identifies key explanations for the weak electoral performance of ethnic parties, emphasising party fragmentation and vote-splitting as well as weak party institutionalisation and limited capacity to make representative claims. Finally, the article analyses strategies for party-building, in preparation for the 2020 election. Based on the common emphasis on vote-splitting, most ethnic states have seen initiatives to merge parties, while a few parties have also sought to develop their political platform and sector policies. The article concludes that ethnic parties may gain improved formal representation after the next election but questions about the parties’ capacity for substantive representation remains. The 2020 election will thus be a new test for how ethnic voters see themselves best represented, in the light of competing representative claims and past experiences: by ethnic parties or non-ethnic democracy parties?
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RADCHENKO, Karina. "Factors influencing the content of Smart City initiatives(particularly based on institutional theories of organization)." Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal 8, no. 3 (April 11, 2024): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25019/yxf9wh55.
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Objectives This paper aims to consider the factors shaping the smart city structures from the perspective of institutional organizational theories and in context of sustainable development. Prior work The previous findings have revealed significant lack of attention to factors impacting the smart city concept. Approach The paper applies literature reviews and survey analysis involving the experts in the field of smart cities. Results The paper applies literature reviews and survey analysis involving the experts in the field of smart cities. Implications The study provides the perspective useful for local and regional authorities as well as other parties involved in smart city implementation and development. Value The paper proposes the extended multi-factor smart city model approach encompassing the factors from different theories.
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Rasmussen, Helle Lohmann, Per Anker Jensen, Susanne Balslev Nielsen, and Anders Højen Kristiansen. "Initiatives to integrate operational knowledge in design: a building client perspective." Facilities 37, no. 11/12 (August 5, 2019): 799–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-02-2017-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to focus on deliberate actions by the building client to integrate knowledge of facilities management, in particular building operation, in design and construction of sustainable facilities. Examples of current practices are studied to answer the following questions: Which initiatives to enable operational friendly and sustainable buildings are currently used by building clients in Denmark? Which initiatives could be appropriate to use in the future, and which parties are in the best position to implement the various initiatives? Design/methodology/approach The study is a hermeneutic multi-method study, which consists of a review of former research, a case study and a survey. It starts with theoretical background based on earlier research with the aim to identify initiatives to ensure the use of operational knowledge in building design. Hereafter, the paper presents, analyses and discusses two studies: a case study of current practices at a university campus organisation and a survey of five swimming facilities. All cases are from Denmark. Findings In all, 31 initiatives to enable use of operational knowledge in building design were initially identified. In the case study, 11 additional initiatives were found. The case study and the survey of swimming facilities show different degrees of implementation, varying from 18 to 31 initiatives implemented. However, the studies show that introducing the initiatives is not sufficient; it takes deliberate actions to get the initiatives well implemented. Within the building client organisation, three main actors should care for implementing the initiatives: Top management, building client division and operation division. Originality/value Research-based literature on practices in relation to knowledge transfer from operation to design is limited. This paper provides insights into deliberate efforts on transferring knowledge from operation to design among Danish building clients.
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Boniotti, Cristina. "Wide-Area Heritage Projects in Lombardy: From a Mono-Sector to a Multi-Sector Approach." Heritage 4, no. 4 (November 12, 2021): 4304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040237.
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A public-private partnership (P3) and public-private-people partnership (P4) are amongst the institutional options available when it comes to funding cultural heritage management through the involvement of private players pertaining to the business or third sectors, respectively. In light of the growing relevance of P4 operations as a means to improve heritage management, this paper aims at analyzing the initiatives developed by the Fondazione Cariplo banking foundation, which can be considered exemplary instances of P4. A total of two projects were selected, which go by the name of Distretti Culturali and AttivAree, respectively, and may serve as highly indicative examples of community involvement and multi-sector-oriented action. To conduct a truly realistic analysis and reliably measure the adequacy of the outcomes obtained, interviews with the parties involved were performed and direct participation in the projects was provided for. Considering, also, that funding has, so far, typically been aimed at interventions on individual buildings, the foundation has managed to develop some true cross-sector programs, and thus further refine the multi-sector approach most likely to prove useful in future community-centered initiatives. Herein, some of the features are isolated; those which we deem most suitable for adoption in the planning of future cultural heritage-related projects.
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Carrillo-Santarelli, Nicolás, and Ulf Thoene. "A Critical Analysis of Business Declarations and Statements from a Human Rights Perspective." Revista Internacional de Derecho Humanos 11, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 295–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.26422/ridh.2021.1102.car.
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Recent developments in the business and human rights field demonstrate an eagerness to come up with stronger and mandatory regulations addressed at corporations in the internal realm, required by international norms. This is seen as conducive to the necessary protection of human dignity, which therefore can be seen as insufficiently achieved at the moment. Given the existence of voluntarily-accepted initiatives on corporate-conduct regulation created by businesses themselves or by third parties which are yet not (legally) mandatory, it is necessary to consider whether the previous perception is exaggerated or accurate. The article explores this and identifies that voluntary initiatives may indeed produce positive effects that increase the likelihood of a responsible business conduct from a human rights perspective if certain conditions are met, among others by interacting with other regimes in a multi-level manner. However, it also observes that they are unreliable and in no way replace or eliminate the needof coming with mandatory corporate obligations, being there a risk of their being invoked in ways that bluewash the reputation of those endorsing those initiatives and diverting attention away from the necessity of stronger regulations.
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Fitria, Naeli. "Indonesia’s Quiet Diplomacy Towards Rohingya: An Effective Way In Resolving Humanitarian Crisis." Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 2, no. 12 (July 27, 2023): 3011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v2i12.489.
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The current Rohingya situation has been addressed through international initiatives. Quiet diplomacy transitions to loud diplomacy. The situation in Rakhine State has improved because of such diplomatic advances. This essay sought to examine Indonesia's approach to helping Rohingya through humanitarian aid. This study will investigate the mechanism of mediation and its particular techniques, such as multi-party involvement, manufactured discourse, and fourth parties, using the Quiet Diplomacy approach. The contribution of Indonesia also covered in this paper mainly related to interfaith dialogue. The research in this study shows that Indonesian engagement in global, regional, and national collaborative collaboration is having a substantial impact on reducing tension in the Rakhine States.
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Gong, Yu, Fu Jia, Steve Brown, and Lenny Koh. "Supply chain learning of sustainability in multi-tier supply chains." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 38, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 1061–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-05-2017-0306.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how multinational corporations (MNCs) orchestrate internal and external resources to help their multi-tier supply chains learn sustainability-related knowledge. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory multiple case study approach was adopted and three MNCs’ sustainable initiatives in China were examined. The data were primarily collected through 43 semi-structured interviews with managers of focal companies and their multi-tier suppliers. Findings The authors found that in order to facilitate their supply chains to learn sustainability, MNCs tend to orchestrate in breadth by internally setting up new functional departments and externally working with third parties, and orchestrate in depth working directly with their extreme upstream suppliers adopting varied governance mechanisms on lower-tier suppliers along the project lifecycle. The resource orchestration in breadth and depth and along the project lifecycle results in changes of supply chain structure. Practical implications The proposed conceptual model provides an overall framework for companies to design and implement their multi-tier sustainable initiatives. Companies could learn from the suggested learning stages and the best practices of case companies. Originality/value The authors extend and enrich resource orchestration perspective (ROP), which is internally focused, to a supply chain level, and answer a theoretical question of how MNCs orchestrate their internal and external resources to help their supply chains to learn sustainability. The extension of ROP refutes the resource dependence theory, which adopts a passive approach of relying on external suppliers and proposes that MNCs should proactively work with internal and external stakeholders to learn sustainability.
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Griera, Mar. "The Many Shapes of Interreligious Relations in Contemporary Spain." Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 6, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00602005.
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Abstract The idea of interreligious dialogue has gained worldwide traction in the last decades and has been promoted as a key component for religious peace. The aim of the article is to examine how interreligious aspirations and practices crystallize in different settings – namely diplomacy, governance and activism – and are shaped by the particular historical and political dynamics of each of these settings. The article explains how the plasticity of the idea of interreligious dialogue contributes to foster its popularity across different domains while serving to convey a wide range of meanings and expectations regarding interreligious pasts, presents and futures. Geographically, the article focuses on Spain and is based on qualitative fieldwork. The article shows that there have been considerable efforts to promote interreligious initiatives and that the global interreligious narrative has been re-fashioned locally, by including the idea of Al-Andalus as a lighthouse. However, the image of Spain and its history, as a foundational space for interreligious dialogue and multi-religious coexistence is contested by the current growth of extreme-right movements, and parties re-claiming the Christian foundational narrative of the country put this kind of initiative in peril.
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AL-MUBARAKI, HANADI, and HOLGER SCHRÖL. "MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BUSINESS INCUBATORS: A FOUR DIMENSIONS APPROACH FROM A GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 19, no. 04 (December 2011): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495811000842.
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Business incubators are intended to support startup and entrepreneurial businesses by providing a number of services and resources to clients. The effectiveness of the business incubation industry has been debated since the industry gained popularity in the 1990s. But up to now, there exists no commonly agreed model in theory and practice to measure the effectiveness of business incubation in a standardized way. The aim of this paper is to identify and to assess critical dimension of business incubation, which are suitable to measure the effectiveness of business incubation. This research is a multi-method approach combining desk-research, interviews and a multi-case study of five incubator organizations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states. From these findings, a model for measuring the effectiveness of business incubation in a standardized way is developed. This model helps incubator manager, policy maker researchers, practitioners, stakeholders and government parties for successful implementation of business incubation initiatives. In addition, it increases new knowledge for academic literature incubators and economic development.
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MUTTAQIN, Tatag, and Budi DHARMAWAN. "Assessing Organizational Legitimacy of Multi Stakeholder Initiatives in the Forest Governance Policy in Indonesia: Insights from the Indonesian National Forestry Council." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 14, no. 3 (June 2, 2023): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.14.3(67).11.
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National Forestry Council (DKN) is a multi-stakeholder initiative organization (MSI) that was established as a collaborative forum for parties to contribute to Indonesia's forestry governance policy process. As MSI, DKN aims to become a collaborative forum for forestry stakeholders in the policy-making process. The dilemma between institutional status and the ability of constituent representatives is a factor in the decline of their performance and credibility. This research aims to empirically examine the legitimacy of DKN as an MSI using the input and output legitimacy approach. Using semi-structured interviews, snowball sampling, and triangulation approaches, information regarding organizational dynamics was obtained. Based on our empirical findings, we conclude that DKN satisfies all of the criteria for an institution with relatively high input legitimacy and low output legitimacy. DKN involves many stakeholders affected by forestry policies and is able to cooperate successfully in every decision-making process while preserving the rights of each constituent. In particular, DKN does not meet the criteria for output legitimacy in carrying out its role as an MSI by offering policy-adopted recommendations or suggestions.
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Gordon, Joshua C. "The Perils of Vanguardism." Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 4 (November 22, 2017): 947–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwx046.
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AbstractOver the past 25 years, Sweden has gone from having one of the most generous unemployment benefit systems among the rich democracies to one of the least. This article advances a multi-causal explanation for this unexpected outcome. It shows how the benefit system became a target of successive right-wing governments due to its role in fostering social democratic hegemony. Employer groups, radicalized by the turbulent 1970s more profoundly than elsewhere, sought to undermine the system, and their abandonment of corporatism in the early 1990s limited unions’ capacity to restrain right-wing governments in retrenchment initiatives. Two further developments help to explain the surprising political resilience of the cuts: the emergence of a private (supplementary) insurance regime and a realignment of working-class voters from the Social Democrats to parties of the right, especially the nativist Sweden Democrats, in the context of a liberal refugee/asylum policy.
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Capiola, August, Holly C. Baxter, Marc D. Pfahler, Christopher S. Calhoun, and Philip Bobko. "Swift Trust in Ad Hoc Teams: A Cognitive Task Analysis of Intelligence Operators in Multi-Domain Command and Control Contexts." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 14, no. 3 (September 2020): 218–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343420943460.
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Trust is important for establishing successful relationships and performance outcomes. In some contexts, however, rich information such as knowledge of and experience with a teammate is not available to inform one’s trust. Yet, parties in these contexts are expected to work together toward common goals for a relatively brief and finite period of time. This research investigated the antecedents to quickly-formed trust (often referred to as swift trust) in fast-paced, time-constrained contexts. We conducted a cognitive task analysis (CTA) based on 11 structured interviews of subject-matter experts (SMEs) in Intelligence (Intel)—a heterogeneous job category comprising distributed and co-located personnel within multi-domain command and control (MDC2) environments. Eight antecedents to swift trust emerged from these interviews (i.e., ability, integrity, benevolence, communication, mission-focus, self-awareness, shared perspectives/experiences, and calm), with further analysis implying that swift trust is a relevant and emergent state in MDC2 that facilitates reliance. These findings offer implications for teams operating in high-risk distributed contexts and should be expanded through basic experimental investigations as well as applied initiatives.
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Mishra, Abhishek. "Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing Platform." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 29, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32225.
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In today's data-driven healthcare landscape, the secure sharing of sensitive medical information is essential for improving patient care, facilitating medical research, and advancing healthcare outcomes. However, ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and privacy of patient data poses significant challenges, particularly in the context of big data environments. This presents a comprehensive framework for privacy-preserving data sharing in healthcare, leveraging a combination of cryptographic techniques, encryption, and secure computation protocols. The framework encompasses various privacy-preserving mechanisms, including Differential Privacy with Data Perturbation, Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC), and Homomorphic Encryption, to protect sensitive healthcare data from unauthorized access and disclosure. By implementing state-of-the-art privacy-preserving techniques, the framework aims to enable secure data sharing among multiple parties while complying with regulatory requirements such as HIPAA and GDPR. Additionally, the paper discusses the project scope, which includes cryptography, encryption, decryption, integrity, confidentiality, privacy, policies, procedures, security, and secure data sharing infrastructure. The proposed framework provides a practical solution for healthcare organizations and research institutions to collaborate on data-driven initiatives while safeguarding patient privacy and maintaining trust. Evaluation of the framework's effectiveness and performance metrics is conducted to validate its feasibility and efficacy in real-world healthcare settings. Keywords: Privacy-preserving data sharing, Differential Privacy, Data Perturbation, Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC)
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Ewers, Michael, Sanne Lessines, Angelina Kibler, Sebastian Gröbe, and Michael Köhler. "Starting Points for Promoting Disaster Resilience in Home Nursing Care in Germany–A Participatory Development Process." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 38, S1 (May 2023): s175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23004545.
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Introduction:In Germany, more than 3.3 million people in need of long-term care are receiving home care. Although not all of them use professional home care providers, their services are essential especially to those who need skilled nursing care and medical-technical assistance in addition to everyday support–such as approximately 30,000 people who receive home mechanical ventilation. Little is known about the disaster resilience of home care infrastructures and ways to strengthen them. A research consortium called AUPIK, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research from 2020-2023, sought to close this gap.Method:A participatory process was initiated as part of the AUPIK project based on results of a multi-perspective empirical baseline analysis which resulted in a first draft text about measures to promote disaster resilience in home care. 37 representatives of home nursing care providers and community health-care services, professional boards, scientific and education institutions participated in a web-based survey on the draft text, followed by two digital group discussions. Finally, the gradually revised, condensed and consented starting points were published and distributed.Results:Eight starting points were defined. Among others, there is an urgent need to strengthen risk awareness and resource management among home care providers, to promote individual disaster competence and preparedness among all parties involved and, not least, to strengthen community-based networking initiatives between home care providers, emergency and disaster organizations and local authorities. Institutions or persons who should take responsibility for implementation at different levels are addressed directly.Conclusion:The final version of the starting points represents a consensus on urgently needed initiatives to promote disaster resilience in home nursing care in Germany. The participatory development process should support commitment on the part of all stakeholders and thus promote effective implementation of disaster resilience initiatives in home nursing care.
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Shugurov, Mark. "The Activity of the Convention Structures of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity to Promote Technology Transfer." Legal Concept, no. 4 (December 2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2019.4.2.
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Introduction: in the context of increasing the role of technology transfer in achieving the sustainable development goals, the importance of scientific and technological cooperation within the framework of the Convention cooperation is increasing. The aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive proposal on the systemic interaction of the Convention structures of the UN Convention on Biodiversity in promoting the transfer of biotechnologies for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The objectives of the study are: 1) to carry out a consistent analysis of the development perspective of technology transfer at the level of meetings of the Conference of the Parties, in the activities of the Executive Secretary, the Subsidiary body on scientific, technical and technological advice and the Clearing-House Mechanism; 2) to reveal promising areas of the Convention cooperation on facilitating the biotechnology transfer. Methods: the general scientific methods (systemic, structural and functional) and specific scientific methods (comparative law, dogmatic legal). Results: the Convention structures of the Convention on Biodiversity, treating the technology transfer as a multi-component process, develop and implement measures to promote it on the basis of taking into account the technological needs, creating an enabling environment and appropriate information exchange. The CBD Convention process is open to other Convention and non-Convention technology transfer initiatives governed by the Convention in order to achieve synergies. Conclusions: the CBD Convention Bodies play a crucial role in enhancing the cooperation among all stakeholders, as well as identifying the gaps and eliminating the duplication of the international biotechnology transfer initiatives in line with the objectives of the Convention.
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Tan, J. "Multi-cooperation of Cultural Heritage Conservation: The Cangdong Project of Guangdong Province." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W7 (September 11, 2015): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w7-525-2015.
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In recent years, some workshops and research cases have arisen in China to seek for suitable ways for heritage conservation and development of historic villages. However, the issue of multi-cooperation has not been much mentioned in research works. <br><br> The case of Cangdong Project in Guangdong Province is a social enterprise. It is a center focusing on heritage education. It organizes tailor-made workshops for interested people from all over China and Hong Kong, Macao and overseas, including university courses for credits, summer/winter camps for primary and middle school students, as well as common people who are interested in heritage conservation. The purpose of the education center is to enhance heritage/cultural interest of the younger generations and common people, and try to work with local villagers to build a wealthy community. Nowadays, more and more villagers moved out for work and the countryside population in China is decreasing, this project also aims to create work opportunities for villagers through heritage conservation projects, so that the villagers can be willing to stay. The project focuses more in a sustainable way for community development. <br><br> It has been five years since the project was set up in Cangdong Village. The project team worked with villagers, city people, students, scholars, different levels of local governments, investors, Medias, charitable organizations, as well as the market of tourism. As such, a platform of multi-cooperation for the above parties has formed during the past five years. This paper takes the Project experience from 2010-2015 as the case to study multi-cooperation in the field of heritage conservation in China, as well as to discuss how to co-operate the subjective initiatives of different stokeholds.
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Lorenz, Astrid. "Rights of Minors and Constitutional Politics in the German Länder. Legal Framework, Party Strategies, and Constitutional Amendments." Perspectives on Federalism 7, no. 1 (November 1, 2015): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2015-0002.
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Abstract The article analyses constitutional politics in the German Länder in the field of minors’ rights. Since this issue seems a purely legal matter dealt with at the federal, European and international level, we should expect similar, almost identically shaped policies at the Länder level. However, the analysis brings considerable variations of constitutional activities in this field to the fore: time, frequency, and contents of respective initiatives vary significantly in the period from 1999 to 2014. These variations were due to different party strategies, diverging party platforms and majority constellations in the Länder. The analysis also shows that the public arguments brought forward in favour of constitutional amendments refer only weakly and randomly to legal provisions and processes at other levels. The political debate supporting extended children's rights rather refers to general observations, to the specific regional context, and constitutional provisions in other Länder. At least with regard to this issue, the multi-level system did not systematically impact on constitutional politics in the Länder. It rather can be understood as an opportunity structure providing parties with multiple realms in which they can pursue their goals. Thus the study shows that federal and regional party strategies are key factors in explaining policy diffusion in multilevel systems.
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Roxby, Sarah. "Partnership in action: forging a new approach." Housing, Care and Support 21, no. 3/4 (December 17, 2018): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-09-2018-0024.
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Purpose Professional partnerships between housing and health are not impossible, but they take time, commitment and dedicated strategic leadership. The language and culture of the two sectors are sometimes complex and do not always match. There can be issues understanding each other’s motivation, ethics and terminology which can cause a barrier when working together. The purpose of this paper is to share the journey of how Wakefield District Housing (WDH) is working with the care and health sector to create sustainable partnerships that benefit both parties, getting to a stage where they could successfully integrate with healthcare providers in the Wakefield district. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers the reader an overview of how WDH’s membership of the Wakefield Health and Wellbeing Board enabled improved partnership working with NHS and other members, including the establishment of a Housing, Health and Social Care Partnership, the employment of dedicated senior staff, co-located multi-disciplinary teams and joint design of new services. Findings WDH has demonstrated that the organisation understands the challenges facing NHS colleagues, has acknowledged the complexities of the system that their partners work in and looked for solutions alongside them. The opportunities within partnership working are boundless and, if successful, the outcomes for tenants and the wider Wakefield population could be in excess of those envisaged in planning the project. Partnerships will almost inevitably encounter challenges along the way but if all partners keep their own and shared visions in mind, further success is within reach and all parties will get there faster by not going alone. Practical implications The paper offers useful guidance and ideas for other housing organisations aiming to improve their contribution to local integrated healthcare. Originality/value This paper provides an original perspective from inside the programme, offering practical, comprehensive and deliverable initiatives to improve health outcomes for local communities.
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Khoirunnisa, Ani, and Mayasari Basri. "UPAYA PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH HUMAN TRAFFICKING PADA TAHUN 2006-2018 TERHADAP PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI MALAYSIA." JURNAL POLINTER : KAJIAN POLITIK DAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL 6, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/polinter.v6i1.4140.
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This research takes the theme of the efforts made by the Government of Indonesia in overcoming the problem of Human Trafficking in 2006-2018 against Indonesian Migrant Workers in Malaysia through multi track diplomacy. These efforts were carried out both on the basis of initiatives from the Government of Indonesia itself and the wishes of both parties manifested in the form of bilateral cooperation. However, in the process of its realization, several obstacles were encountered that impeded the efforts made, the obstacles encountered were both from within Indonesia and also inseparable from its collaborative partner, namely Malaysia. In this paper the writer question about how the efforts made by the Government of Indonesia in overcoming the problem of Human Trafficking in 2006-2018 against Migrant Workers who are in Malaysia. In answering the research questions the writer used the theory of Human Security, Human Trafficking, Bilateral Cooperation and also Multi Track Diplomacy. In the process of proving and also analyzing the writer used qualitative research methods and explanatory data presentation. For the hypothesis proposed by the writer is that the Government has made several efforts through Multi Track Diplomacy using track one namely G to G in this case carried out by the Government of Indonesia with the Government of Malaysia, then by using the method of Track Two, in this case carried out by BNP2TKI, then Track Five by conducting socialization and education in schools. However, the independent efforts undertaken by Indonesia and also bilateral cooperation carried out with Malaysia have not yet gotten maximum results, this is because of the obstacles faced. In general, constraints originating from within the country come from the weakness of the law enforcement process that applies in Indonesia concerning human trafficking. Then the obstacles that come from Malaysia are generally because it is difficult to reach an agreement in an effort to protect Migrant Workers who come from Indonesia, this is because of differences in the interests of the two countries in looking at the Migrant Workers issue
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Utomo, Satrio, and Agus Nugroho Harjono. "Pentingnya Membangun Platform Kolaborasi Multi-Stakeholder sebagai Key Enabling Factor dalam Membangun Ekosistem Inovasi Industri 4.0 di Era New Normal." Jurnal Informatika Universitas Pamulang 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/informatika.v6i1.8142.
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Industry 4.0 is an era of technological disruption or industrial revolution 4.0 because it puts more emphasis on system automation and connectivity which will make the mobility of the industrial world movement and job competition non-linear . The use of digital technology is one of the keys. Industry opportunities for industrial development 4.0 are an effort to increase industrial competitiveness, but many industries do not yet understand the concept and how to start the stages. One of the ways proposed as a policy in preparing industry 4.0 should be taken a multi-stakeholder collaborative approach to facilitate development, including gathering digital transformation initiatives so that limited resources can be optimal. As a form of soft industry policy, a platform organization is also needed as a sustainable program manager and provides technical facilities. From a technical point of view, it is necessary to prepare enabling technology that can be utilized by all actors in the cross-sectoral digital economy in an affordable manner. The Ecosystem Platform becomes a medium to be able to build synergy and collaborative across industries with all stakeholders in an effort to accelerate the transformation of industry 4.0 according to the national priority program of Making Indonesia 4.0. In line with that, coordination was carried out between parties in the industrial transformation 4.0 process, as well as building networks to develop positive cooperation, including government, academics or R&D, industry players / associations, technical providers, consultants and of course financial actors in accelerating the industrial transformation process 4.0.
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Madill, Judith, Norm O'Reilly, and John Nadeau. "Financing social marketing programs through sponsorship: implications for evaluation." Journal of Social Marketing 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-08-2011-0054.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on research designed to assess the impact of sponsorship financing of social marketing initiatives on the evaluation of those social marketing programs. Design/methodology/approach – The research utilizes an in-depth, multi-method case study of the Canadian Mental Health Association Calgary Region (CMHA-CR) who carried out a social marketing campaign concerning mental health behaviors that was largely financed by sponsors. Findings – The sponsorship of the CMHA-CR social marketing program was complex with a total of 15 stakeholders involved as sponsors, partners and grantors. The research reveals that while there is considerable sharing of objectives among the stakeholders in this sponsorship, not all objectives are shared between sponsors and sponsees, and not all objectives are shared between the public and private sector sponsors of the program. Practical implications – The research showed that because sponsors and sponsees share in many of the objectives of the social marketing campaign, the evaluation of the social marketing campaign, particularly its ability to achieve the social marketing-specific objectives, is of interest to all the stakeholder parties, and effective social marketing evaluation must also incorporate evaluation of the non-shared objectives of all sponsorship stakeholders. Originality/value – Increasing social needs, accompanied by reduced government funding and increased competition amongst not-for-profit (NFP) organizations for that funding, are driving NFPs to seek innovative approaches to financing their social programs. The research reports initial findings critical in this environment, as well as raises issues and questions related to future research.
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MEDINA, LUIS FERNANDO. "Party Discipline with Legislative Initiative." British Journal of Political Science 36, no. 1 (December 8, 2005): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123406000068.
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This article analyses the role of parties in political systems with legislative initiative. The model explicitly takes into account the multi-district nature of elections so that voters recognize that they are not voting for a policy but for members of a policy-making body. In this setting, parties can attain their ideological goals without resorting to extreme discipline of their members in the legislature. With respect to the electorate, although voters are endowed with perfect information about their candidates' ideological stance, this model explains how the legislature will display correlation across ideology and party, a feature often attributed to imperfect information.
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Morozov, Vladimir. "Network Diplomacy: Approaches to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 1 (March 2021): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.1.13.
Abstract:
Introduction. The aim of the article is to to analyze the concept of modern network diplomacy as well as to illustrate possible solution approaches to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through the abovementioned mechanism. Network diplomacy is defined as the multi-level communication, representation, and negotiation of an idea or a set thereof through a set of actors, which may extend beyond traditional, rigid state sponsored institutions and encompass other actors integrated with the idea or parties involved. Methods and materials. The research involved a combination of analytical empirical research containing justification for case selection and qualitative research. The author mostly approaches the topic through liberal paradigm of international relations, accentuating mutual benefits of international cooperation, arguing that flexible formats of diplomacy can be an effective way to help states to interact with each other in an honest manner and support nonviolent solutions to conflicts. Analysis. The analysis is based mainly on case study research, which helped to generate the results. The article will be structured in several parts. The introduction will render an overview of the network diplomacy concept followed by a historic background of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its ideological underpinnings, and so inform a set of theories as pertaining to the potency of network diplomacy in the solution process, which will be outlined in the parts following it. These theories will then be evaluated in the context of the overall environment and specific cases – NGOs as a reach out function in water management at the municipal level, academic institutions establishing communication channels independent of the larger political environment, and a short summary of European Union outreach to non-state actors as an illustrative case of state to non-state actor diplomacy. Moreover, the article includes the study of citizen diplomacy, civil society-based approaches, economically driven incentives and other cultural initiatives such as sports-based diplomacy as possible mechanisms. Results. Network diplomacy may feature a multi-pronged approach to diplomacy represented through a mixture of, for example, state actors and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Network diplomacy is particularly potent in spreading ideas as it allows engagement of a multitude of actors directly, and is subject to comparatively low transaction costs. Network diplomacy appears to be a promising approach to the solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict which is characterized by juxtaposing ideological underpinnings in addition to issues of realpolitik, and a multitude of actors including non-state actors.
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Harris, Keith D., Harvey S. James, and Aramis Harris. "Cooperating to compete: turning toward a community of practice." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 4 (July 17, 2017): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-03-2016-0035.
Abstract:
Purpose Agribusiness managers oftentimes find it difficult to gain practical experience in an area they have had very little practice. Habitually, they rely on their own business acumen, and tacit knowledge to navigate unfamiliar territory. What does the manager do when the problem is ill-formed, fuzzy and messy? This paper aims to integrate societal stakeholders like agribusinesses and environmentalists by using the Community of Practice (CoP) framework to help analyze and effectively use knowledge and practical experiences on problems facing the food and agriculture industries. Design/methodology/approach The multi-disciplinary analytical framework suggests multiple research strategies and methods. Because environmentalist-agribusiness collaborations involve complex stakeholder, relationship and social processes, case research may be the most appropriate means for initial investigations of these issues. The authors applied an exploratory approach starting with a search of a water and land stakeholder collaborations followed by the selection of specific cases, the collection of secondary case data, and a systematic qualitative content analysis. For this paper, the authors focused on 13 initiatives in agribusiness involving water and land (e.g. the Sustainable Agriculture Initiative and Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines). Findings The argument is that firms that use elements of the CoP are better at working through the wicked problems than firms that do not. When elements of the CoP (community, domain and practice) play a significant role in addressing the wicked problem, best practices over a pre-determined time develop. Establishing policies and standards for education and research, technology and research, facilities and operations. More specifically, they relate, in an illustrative manner, how they could quantitatively measure the results that were generated through the use of a specific practice. Research limitations/implications This paper has focused only on the land and water constraint aspects. A variety of other stakeholder issues warrant consideration including motivations, contingencies facilitating partnership building, changes in production and consumption and collaborative learning processes. As stakeholder objectives are met, change or diverge, the stakeholders may become less willing to broker and negotiate linkages between the firm and other domain stakeholders, and potentially affect the firm’s competitive advantage. One should also be mindful of the methods of effective engagement, which are able to incorporate and integrate the knowledge, skills, resources and perspectives from many actors are needed to undertake these problems. Practical implications To facilitate the discussion on water sustainability between agribusiness firms and environmental groups, it is important for agribusinesses to have some basic understanding of how much water is consumed, evaporated and/or polluted in a given amount of time. Likewise, environmental organizations will need to have a basic understanding of associated physical (freshwater shortages in the supply chain) and financial risks (increase costs or reduced revenues). Both parties need to stay open to challenges and dilemmas of the wicked problem. Social implications Farmers, agribusiness firms and environmentalists are the de facto and principle managers of the most productive land and water resources on earth. Their decisions will shape the surface of the planet in the coming decades. Settling on a common strategy of quality of waters resources, potential land use and land management fundamentally involves the interests of all stakeholders. By considering the divergent values, different perspectives and lived experiences of stakeholders and the inextricable link to land, it is found that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. Originality/value The effort it takes to find and implement solutions requires the engagement of internal and external stakeholders (relationships) and access to actionable research (knowledge) to manage through the industry’s prickly challenges. For some, ecological goals are foremost, whereas for others, profit and market objectives are paramount for survival. Their relationships may be a common means for the stakeholders to reach ultimately incompatible agendas. The authors characterize water and land constraints in agriculture as a wicked problem. The wicked problems require a new corporate mindset, involving multi-discipline approach of new collaborations and processes to address them.
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G, Girish, and Resia Beegam.S. "Gati Shakti Multi-Modal Cargo Terminal- An Introduction to Indian Railways' New Initiative in Freight Operations." Commerce & Business Researcher 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59640/cbr.v14i2.69-77.
Abstract:
Indian Railways play a pivotal role in transporting goods along the length and breadth of India. Obviously, Indian Railways occupies a lion's share in the supply chain network nationwide. Private parties are allowed to construct their own terminals for loading freight onto goods trains. But, as per railway policy, they are required to bear the entire expenses for construction at the take-off point even if the land on which it is constructed is owned by railways. The private parties are also required to undertake the maintenance of such terminals. It becomes a cumbersome exercise for private parties both in financial and technical terms to run a private freight terminal. Recently, the prime minister announced a policy to bring together all infrastructure projects in a single frame. The railways have introduced the Gati Shakti Multi-Modal Terminal, whereby all the expenditures are borne by the railways and private parties are free from the burden of bearing the expenditure. Since the concept was introduced recently and is gaining popularity, an attempt to measure the outcome is too early. Nevertheless, this article throws light on the major aspects of the Gati Shakti Multi-Modal Terminal policy implemented by Indian Railways.
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Daskalova, Victoria. "Regulating Unfair Trading Practices in the EU Agri-food Supply Chain: a Case of Counterproductive Regulation?" Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 12, no. 21 (2020): 7–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2020.13.21.1.
Abstract:
Unfair trading practices (UTPs) imposed by parties with superior power in the context of a vertical relationship are an issue at the periphery of competition law, private law, and, sometimes, sectoral regulation. For a long time, the mainstream competition law approach has been to relegate such issues to other areas of law and regulation. In the EU, where complaints about the prevalence of such practices in the agricultural and food supply chain have been voiced for decades, the approach of the European Commission has been to pursue a strict separation between competition issues and fair-trading issues. This article questions the reasonableness of such a strict division of labour. Taking the sum of various initiatives undertaken to regulate UTPs in the agri-food supply chain as a case study, it argues that the effect of limiting competition law enforcement on this issue has been counterproductive. The article firstly explains the background of the problem and the issue of UTPs in the agri-food supply chain. Secondly, it maps the various legislative developments which have taken place at the EU Member State level. Thirdly, by referring to Grabosky’s (1995) regulatory studies typology of counterproductive regulation, the article focuses attention on some of the perverse side effects which arise when regulation of power imbalances and UTPs occurs at the national level in the context of an integrated market like the EU. In light of the analysis, it expresses doubt that these pitfalls will be fully corrected by Directive 2019/633 on UTPs in the food supply chain. The conclusion is that national legislative developments have not been able to make up for the lack of supra-national enforcement of EU competition law on this issue and have possibly even exacerbated the problem at hand. The article concludes that supranational competition law enforcement can play a key role in addressing the fundamental problems underlying business-to-business unfair trading practices. It argues that this role cannot be played by other instruments in the context of an integrated market with multi-level governance. This article shows that while competition law may not be capable of solving all the problems with UTPs, it remains indispensable in safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market as well as the interests of consumers and taxpayers.
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Machado dos Santos Gomes, Renata, and João Paulo Candia Veiga. "Arranjos institucionais para uma política pública de empresas e direitos humanos no Brasil." Revista Interdisciplinar de Direitos Humanos 11, no. 1 (June 16, 2023): 349–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/ridh.v11i1.239.
Abstract:
Resumo: O presente estudo discute uma agenda de política pública sobre Empresas em Direitos Humanos, coordenada pelo Poder Executivo Brasileiro, no âmbito da Pasta Ministerial de Direitos Humanos, com vistas à consolidação de uma iniciativa governamental em defesa dos direitos humanos no ambiente corporativo. Adicionalmente, a proposta é refletir sobre a potencialidade da rede multiatores para o fortalecimento da política pública de promoção e defesa dos direitos humanos no ecossistema empresarial, abrangendo assim outras partes interessadas como fornecedores, consumidores, investidores, prestadores de serviços e comunidades atingidas. Metodologicamente, empreendeu-se uma abordagem qualitativa, com foco nas ações e programas de governo, considerando algumas das iniciativas conduzidas nacionalmente, como: a publicação dos Princípios Orientadores sobre Empresas e Direitos Humanos das Nações Unidas, em 2011 até 2022, com o lançamento dos Diálogos União Europeia-Brasil sobre Devida Diligência em Direitos Humanos no país; e, finalmente, a instituição da Coordenação-Geral de Empresas e Direitos Humanos, em março de 2023. O artigo trata também dos principais eventos que marcaram a ascensão da agenda de Enpresas e Direitos Humanos no âmbito das Nações Unidas e de outras organizações internacionais formais.
Arreglos institucionales para una política pública de empresas y derechos humanos en Brasil
Resumen: El presente estudio discute una agenda de política pública sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos, coordinada por el Poder Ejecutivo brasileño- en el ámbito de la Oficina Ministerial de Derechos Humanos- con miras a consolidar una iniciativa gubernamental en defensa de los derechos humanos en el ámbito empresarial. Adicionalmente, la propuesta es reflexionar sobre el potencial de la red multi-actor para fortalecer la política pública de promoción y defensa de los derechos humanos en el ecosistema empresarial, abarcando así a otros actores como proveedores, consumidores, inversionistas, prestadores de servicios y comunidades afectadas. Metodológicamente, se abordó cualitativamente, con foco en las acciones y programas de gobierno, considerando algunas de las iniciativas realizadas a nivel nacional e internacional, como: la publicación de los Principios Rectores de Naciones Unidas sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos en 2011, hasta 2022, con el lanzamiento de los Diálogos Unión Europea-Brasil sobre la Debida Diligencia en Derechos Humanos en el país; y, finalmente, la institución de la Coordinación General de Empresas y Derechos Humanos (marzo de 2023). El artículo también desarrolla los principales acontecimientos que marcaron el surgimiento de la agenda de Derechos Humanos y Empresas en el marco de las Naciones Unidas y otras organizaciones internacionales formales.
Palabras clave: Arreglos Institucionales, Gobernanza; Política pública; Diálogos multistakeholder, Empresas y Derechos Humanos.
Institutional Arrangements for a public policy on business and human rights in Brazil
Abstract: This study discusses a public policy agenda on Business and Human Rights coordinated by the Brazilian Executive Power, within the scope of the Ministry of Human Rights, with the objective to consolidate a governmental initiative in the defense of human rights in corporate environments. Additionally, the aim is to reflect upon the potential of multi-actors network to strengthen public policies for the promotion and defense of human rights within the business ecosystem, thus covering other parties such as suppliers, consumers, investors, service providers and affected communities. Methodologically, a qualitative approach was undertaken, focusing on governmental actions and programs, while taking into consideration some of the initiatives carried out nationally, such as: the publication of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, from 2011 to 2022, with the launch of the European Union-Brazil Dialogues on Due Diligence and Human Rights in the country and, finally, the institution of the General Coordination of Business and Human Rights, in March 2023. The article also deals with the main events that marked the emergence of the agenda outlining the framework of the United Nations and other formal international organizations.
Keywords: Institutional arrangements, Governance, Public policy, Multistakeholder dialogues; Business and human rights.
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Nwoke, Nnamdi. "Power asymmetry and Incentives: A practical approach to corporate commitments in multi-stakeholder initiative." RIMHE : Revue Interdisciplinaire Management, Homme & Entreprise 52-53, vol. 12, no. 3 (February 15, 2024): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rimhe.052.0033.
Abstract:
Du fait de l’asymétrie de pouvoir et des antagonismes dans les initiatives multipartites, les engagements des entreprises sont des facteurs essentiels pour promouvoir les objectifs institutionnels de durabilité. Cette étude mobilise la théorie de la dépendance du pouvoir pour mettre en évidence les types d’incitations utilisées dans les initiatives multipartites ; il démontre également comment les membres utilisent ces incitations pour favoriser les engagements des entreprises. OrbiMob – une initiative multipartite à Clermont-Ferrand (France) - constitue le cas central de cet article. Parmi ces incitations figurent : le partage de problèmes et d’ambitions communs, l’obtention d’un statut spécial, la reconnaissance de l’indispensabilité des parties prenantes puissantes et la présence d’un facilitateur charismatique. Cette étude contribue à élargir les connaissances sur les initiatives multipartites, en démontrant comment les acteurs utilisent des incitations pour favoriser l’engagement des acteurs puissants dans une gouvernance collaborative déséquilibrée. Elle offre un cadre qui permet aux chercheurs et aux praticiens de repenser leur approche en matière de promotion des engagements des entreprises dans un contexte d’asymétrie de pouvoir. Elle contribue également à la littérature sur la dépendance au pouvoir en affirmant la nécessité d’accorder un statut spécial à certains membres importants et en reconnaissant leur indispensabilité.
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Arnold, Paul, and Dirk von Hugo. "Future integrated communication network architectures enabling heterogeneous service provision." Advances in Radio Science 16 (September 4, 2018): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-59-2018.
Abstract:
Abstract. This paper summarizes expectations and requirements towards future converged communication systems denoted by 5th Generation (5G). Multiple research and standardization activities globally contribute to the definition and specification of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide business customers and residential users with both, existing and future upcoming services which demand for higher data rates and granted performance figures in terms of QoS parameters, such as low latency and high reliability. Representative use case families are threefold and represented as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Internet of Things (mIoT), and Critical Communication, i.e. Ultra-Low Latency (ULL)/Ultra-High Reliability (UHR). To deploy and operate a dedicated network for each service or use case separately would raise the expenses and service costs to an unduly high amount. Instead provision of a commonly shared physical infrastructure offering resources for transport, processing, and storage of data to several separated logical networks (slices) individually managed and configured by potentially multiple service providers is the main concept of this new approach. Beside a multitude of other initiatives the EU-funded 5G NORMA project (5G Novel Radio Multiservice adaptive network Architecture) has developed an architecture which enables not only network programmability (configurability in software), but also network slicing and Multi Tenancy (allowing independent 3rd parties to offer an end-to-end service tailored according to their needs) in a mobile network. Major aspects dealt with here are the selectable support of mobility (on-demand) and service-aware QoE/QoS (Quality of Experience/Service) control. Specifically we will report on the outcome of the analysis of design criteria for Mobility Management schemes and the result of an exemplary application of the modular mobility function to scenarios with variable service requirements (e.g. high-terminal speed vs. on-demand mobility or portability of devices). An efficient sharing of scarce frequency resources in new radio systems demands for tight coordination of orchestration and assignment (scheduling) of resources for the different network slices as per capacity and priority (QoS) demand. Dynamicity aspects in changing algorithms and schemes to manage, configure, and optimize the resources at the radio base stations according to slice specific Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are investigated. It has been shown that architectural issues in terms of hierarchy (centralized vs. distributed) and layering, i.e. separation of control (signaling) and (user) data plane will play an essential role to increase the elasticity of network infrastructures which is in focus of applying SDN (Software Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) to next generation communication systems. An outlook towards follow-on standardization and open research questions within different SDOs (Standards Defining Organizations) and recently started cooperative projects concludes the contribution.
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Asrat, Eskindir Jembere, Alebachew Kemisso Haybano, and Susanne Gustavsson. "Conceptualisation and experience of ownership in multi-stakeholder partnerships: Lessons from the HDECoVA initiative in Ethiopia." Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training 12, no. 3 (September 24, 2022): 20–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/njvet.2242-458x.2212320.
Abstract:
Ownership is commonly considered a key principle aiming to promote effective multi-stakeholder partnerships. This article explores the conceptualisation and experience of ownership in a multi-stakeholder initiative in TVET, with an empirical focus on a Public-Private Development Partnership (PPDP) in Ethiopia. The qualitative case study is based on insights derived from semi-structured interviews with project staff and partnership actors and an analysis of relevant documents. The findings indicate discrepancies between rhetoric and reality of ownership dynamics, which complicates the actual ownership practice. The goal of all-inclusive equitable participation, originally intended, is not achieved. Power is not equally shared in the initiative, as local actors play a limited role in the decision-making process, and therefore do not acquire ownership as intended. In this case, the PPDP approach reproduces inequality as international actors exert influence through indirect governance. This study suggests a coherent understanding of the ownership concept, which emphasises the relationship between all parties, promoting co-ownership, rather than merely defining the roles of donors and beneficiaries. PPDPs are likely to achieve better results and local actors may sustain outcomes when their capacity is built through active engagement in the process and the partnership is implemented through joint commitment, responsibility, and equal participation.
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Borisova, Nadezhda V., and Petr V. Panov. "Regionalism and multi-level governance on language policy in European countries." Ars Administrandi (Искусство управления) 14, no. 1 (2022): 150–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-9173-2022-1-150-173.
Abstract:
Introduction: European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, adopted by the Council of Europe, has become an important regulator of language policy in the signatory and ratifying countries. As a result, language policy towards minorities, turns out to be a bright example of multi-level governance (MLG) – a new pattern of political interactions, which is characterized not by hierarchical system of subordination to one center (the state), but pluralistic, dispersed activity of many actors interacting at different and interconnected levels of power. MLG, however, differs across various regions, since subnational actors intend to be self-sustained players of political interactions to varying degrees. Objectives: to identify the mechanisms of regionalist parties’ impact of on the involvement of regional actors in multi-level governance and to determine how it influences on the strength of language policy towards minorities. Methods: large-N comparative analysis and comparatively oriented case-study. Results: a large-N comparative analysis of 134 regions from countries that have ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages has confirmed that the strength of regionalist parties has a positive effect on the scope of guarantees and preferences that minority languages receive in regions. The case-study of the Serbian Vojvodina, the most typical case, allows to expose the mechanisms of the impact of regionalists. Being represented in the regional authorities, regionalist parties not only promote language issues on the public agenda, but also achieve more energetic involvement of regional actors in policy formulation and making decisions on language policy at the national level. At the initiative of regionalist parties, first in Vojvodina, and then throughout the country, ethnic councils were institutionalized as significant actors in language policy. Thus, non-state actors are actively involved in the language policy, which is fully consistent with the MLG approach. Conclusions: regionalist parties and movements have a significant influence on the strength of language policy towards minorities. Its strength demonstrates a stable and statistically significant impact both on the volume of obligations undertaken in relation to regional languages, and on the degree of their implementation. Another significant factor is the presence of a kin-state among the linguistic minority.
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Dzus, Elston H., and Pat Cabezas. "Woodland caribou management in Alberta: historical perspectives and future opportunities." Rangifer 27, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.27.4.352.
Abstract:
Woodland caribou conservation has been the topic of much debate for the past few decades. By the late 1970s there was growing concern about declining woodland caribou populations and the interaction between industrial activities and woodland caribou. Initial concerns led to the closure of the licensed hunting season in 1981. Early confrontation between government and industry in the late 1980s transformed into a series of evolving collaborative ventures. Improving our understanding of the basic ecology of woodland caribou in Alberta was at the center of early research efforts; more recent studies have examined the effects of industrial activities on caribou and effectiveness of various mitigation factors. Despite having amassed an impressive body of information from a research and monitoring perspective, progress on implementing effective management actions has been less dramatic. Industry has endured significant costs implementing a variety of perceived conservation initiatives, but caribou populations continued to decline through the last few decades. While some parties feel more research is needed, there is growing consensus that changes to habitat as induced by human activities are important factors influencing current caribou declines. Predation is a proximate cause of most caribou mortality. Climate change mediated alterations to habitat and predator-prey interactions remain a key source of uncertainty relative to future caribou population trends. Management actions will need to deal with long term habitat changes associated with human land use and short term implications of increased predation. In 2005, the provincial minister responsible for caribou conservation responded to the draft 2004 recovery plan and created the Alberta Caribou Committee (ACC). The goal of the ACC is to maintain and recover woodland caribou in Alberta’s forest ecosystems while providing opportunities for resource development, following guidance provided by the Alberta Woodland Caribou Recovery Plan, as qualified by the Minister of Sustainable Resource Development. The current and future challenge involves conserving and recovering caribou populations and habitat through use of knowledge-based processes, applied through existing or other mechanisms, as deemed appropriate. As outlined in the ACC terms of reference, this complex challenge is to be achieved in an atmosphere of co-operation and trust amongst participants. The mandate of the ACC is to bring together the expertise and experience of its members under a consensus-based partnership for the purpose of: 1) providing thoughtful advice to government and, 2 implementing or supporting approved caribou population and habitat conservation and recovery programs. The ACC provides advice to government regarding policy and program matters, but does not create government policy or programs. Compared to previous multi-stakeholder committees dealing with caribou in Alberta, the ACC has an expanded membership that includes representatives from aboriginal organizations, industry (forestry and energy sector), environmental non-government organizations, the scientific community, and the government of Alberta. In addition to the expanded ‘breadth’ in committee membership and mandate scope, is an increased ‘height’ of influence in that the governance board provides advice to the Alberta government through the Deputy Minister of Sustainable Resource Development (the provincial department responsible for land and wildlife management). This new collaboration brings new optimism for translating knowledge to effective cumulative effects management alternatives. For more information on the Alberta Caribou Committee see: http://www.albertacariboucommittee.ca/ While the federal government is not represented on the ACC, there are a number of opportunities exist for engagement of federal government agencies and personnel in the evolving caribou conservation arena. As woodland caribou are listed as a threatened species, there is an obvious role for Environment Canada to develop a national recovery strategy and administer the Species At Risk Act (including facilitating a definition of critical habitat). Additional opportunities for federal involvement include the development of strategies specific to lands under federal jurisdiction and, where appropriate, participation on landscape teams to develop management strategies for herds whose range crosses provincial and/or federal boundaries.
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Badaeva, A. "Danish People’s Party and Danish Immigration Policy Transformation." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 3 (2022): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-3-119-129.
Abstract:
The author explores the history of the Danish People’s Party and its effect on Danish immigration policy. The DPP was founded in 1995. It successfully continued the anti-immigration course of the Danish Progress Party fallen into disrepair. The Danish People’s Party represented a synthesis of several political currents: the Lutheran movement Tidehverv and its journal, intellectual nationalists from the Danish Association, and conservative populists from the Progress Party. The DPP seeks to drastically reduce non-Western immigration, opposes Islamization and favors cultural assimilation of immigrants. For 25 years, the Danish People’s Party has managed to maneuver between establishment parties and their small partners in the complicated multi-party political system of Denmark. Dissociated from radical elements, the DPP has occupied a stable position on the right of the traditional bourgeois parties. It has broken the long-term influence of centrist parties, and especially radical left-wing parties, on Danish policy. Collaboration with liberal-conservative forces from 2001 to 2011 and from 2015 to 2019 was the most productive for the Party. The DPP played a key role in writing the rules and conditions for immigration in the immigration law that was established by the government in May 2002. Most importantly, the document provided for strong restrictions in immigration policies, which resulted in what is often described as Europe’s strictest immigration laws. The 24-year rule has drawn a lot of attention. Thanks to European migrant crisis, the 2015 general election was historic for the Danish People’s Party. It got unprecedented electoral support and became Denmark’s second largest political party. However, the Party suffered a major defeat in the 2019 general election, recording its worst result since the establishment by wining 8.7% of votes – down from 21% in 2015, for the following reasons: depletion of anti-immigrant rhetoric and seizing the traditional DPP initiative by the establishment, increased political competition and party’s collaboration with the Social Democrats, unexpected for the DPP voters.
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Geipele, I., A. Kundzina, and L. Jansons. "Methodology for Increasing the Competences of Housing Managers in Climate Change Issues." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 58, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2021-0044.
Abstract:
Abstract In order to identify the necessary competences and develop the study course programme, within the framework of the EUKI (The European Climate Initiative; Die Europäische Klimaschutzinitiative) project “From Housing Manager to CLImate Manager”, research [1] has been conducted, describing the Latvian residential fund, analysing the principles and activities of multi-apartment residential buildings, as well as identifying and describing the parties involved in shaping the housing policy. Special attention is paid to energy efficiency issues for buildings – looking at Latvia’s potential for climate changes, analysing energy consumption in buildings in relation to energy efficiency requirements, as well as assessing the medium and long-term objectives of buildings in Latvia and the obstacles to achieving them. In order to clarify more precisely the necessary competences of housing managers for the successful implementation of the residential renovation process, a survey has been carried out for stakeholders in the project. Based on an analysis of the situation and the performed survey results, a methodology has been developed to increase the competences of housing managers in relation to the renovation of residential buildings in order to mitigate climate change.
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Calabres, Armando, Roberta Costa, Nathan Levialdi Ghiron, and Tamara Menichini. "MATERIALITY ANALYSIS IN SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING: A TOOL FOR DIRECTING CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY TOWARDS EMERGING ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 25, no. 5 (August 30, 2019): 1016–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2019.10550.
Abstract:
Materiality analysis is a multi-purpose tool for prioritising sustainability issues from the double perspective of companies and stakeholders, meaning that both parties contribute to identifying the present and emerging social and environmental risks and opportunities. The current study proposes a practical and structured approach for performing materiality analysis, integrating the well-known Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) materiality matrix and a new “adequacy matrix”. The purpose of the GRI materiality matrix is to prioritize sustainability issues in terms of relevance to both companies and stakeholders. The adequacy matrix supports evaluation of the transparency and effectiveness of corporate sustainability (CS) communication. Particularly, the paper aims to give indications to companies that want to prepare a sustainability report according to the GRI guidelines by planning the allocation of resources to reporting activities: the comparison between the positioning of GRI sustainability aspects in the two matrices serves in identifying the most critical issues for improving accountability. The proposed method includes a consistency test, to overcome the subjectivity, uncertainty and vagueness affecting judgements. The results provide managers with useful information for aligning CS strategic decision-making, sustainability reporting, and accountability to stakeholders. An illustrative application to a small and medium-sized (SME) company completes the paper.
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Pigola, Angélica, Priscila Rezende da Costa, Marcos Rogério Mazieri, and Isabel Cristina Scafuto. "Collaborative innovation: a technological perspective." International Journal of Innovation 10, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v10i2.22256.
Abstract:
Collaborative innovation become one of the most strategy decision across firms and a well-defined phenomenon that became popular among practitioners and researchers (A. S. Cui O’Connor, 2012; Liu et al., 2017). Many theories were considered to explain collaboration phenomena such as resources-based view, organization theory, strategy, information processing theory, the economic theory of complementarities among others (Barney, 1991; Cassiman Veugelers, 2006; Daft Lengel, 1986; Milgrom Roberts, 1995; Tushman Nadler, 1978). However, technology advances provide new variations in collaboration to innovativeness. For example, collaborative activities with suppliers and customers (Karhade Dong, 2021), community source projects (Liu et al., 2017) or collaboration with distant partners (T. Cui et al., 2020), corporate engagement with startups (Shankar Shepherd, 2019), innovation networks (Aarikka-Stenroos et al., 2017), and innovation ecosystems (Granstrand Holgersson, 2020).Collaborative innovation takes over the existence of an inter-organizational activities executed by people that together perform with high level of interdependence something innovative (T. Cui et al., 2020; Davis Eisenhardt, 2011). Some authors (Adner Kapoor, 2010; T. Cui et al., 2020; Rico et al., 2008) highlight that this interdependence is characterized along two dimensions: technological and behavioral. Technological interdependence is linked to knowledge and the exchange of resources for research and development, and behavioral interdependence is associated with the field of communication, social interaction between collaborative actors and the coordination of these relationships to innovate.Other perspectives in the literature explain and theorize about collaborative innovation as knowledge-sharing trajectories (Majchrzak Malhotra, 2016; Trkman Desouza, 2012), or multi-actor collaboration (Torfing, 2019), or building collaborative capabilities (Swink, 2006) among other approaches. In this editorial, we bring some thoughts and idea about collaborative innovation under a technological perspective to incentive researchers to go beyond in innovative technologies research embedded in collaboration.Collaboration efforts also became a common way of firms to enhance innovations and its technological development with clear determinants about their beneficial effects, and therefore, the literature is well stablished in this subject (Pereira et al., 2018). However, collaboration only succeeds when technological resources and capabilities are combined, and parties define jointly how to enhance and use them accordingly (Snow, 2015).Collaborative innovation as a new technological paradigm refers to a network innovation model supported by interactions of multiple parties such as enterprises, universities and research institutions as core elements and government, financial institutions, nonprofit organizations, intermediaries as auxiliary elements (W. Zhang et al., 2021). Notwithstanding, collaboration networks operating in different organizational levels are present in various patterns and characteristics of evolution, they require different actors and capabilities in the network composition to become a remarkable asset in developing technologies to be patented afterwards in some cases (Gomes et al., 2017).In facing of risks of failures during innovative trajectories, firms invest in collaborative initiatives as an attempt to mitigate cost impacts, share responsibilities and greater technical performance in the process of technology lifecycle development. Thus, technological alliances are useful means to attend these goals (Kim Song, 2007). Technological alliances are critical to enable digital transformation and innovation. Briefly, Zhang et al. (2021) highlight technological alliance as a voluntary interfirm cooperation involving codeveloping technologies through sharing and exchanging of these technologies to meet business needs (W. Zhang et al., 2021).The collaborations in various technological domains help to bring heterogenous knowledge, complementary resources, and capabilities for a better innovation performance (Swink, 2006; W. Zhang et al., 2021). Under the perspective that innovation is essentially knowledge creation (Nonaka, 1994), collaborative innovation through a technological perspective may be configured by different activities, processes, or routines of generation, sharing, integration, and utilization of knowledge produced during the innovation process lifecycle (Nonaka, 1994; W. Zhang et al., 2021). Further, this configuration of activities, processes, or routines support the development of evolutionary technological capabilities (Sampson, 2007).In the field of technological innovations, the evolution now is more collaborative in nature (J. Zhang et al., 2019). Collaboration is a trend for technological prosperity. Analyzing collaborative innovation in the literature is a great challenge even if the focus on technologies is defined because various aspects and applications of collaboration to innovate invade the academic literature in many forms. For instance, Zhou and Ren (2021) analyzed low-carbon technology collaborative innovation in industrial cluster; Shen et al. (2021) studied collaborative innovation in supply chain systems; Wan et al. (2022) highlight that blockchain application intensify collaborative innovation through distributed computing, cryptography and game theory; Li and Zhou (2022) researched on the mechanism of Government–Industry–University–Institute collaborative innovation in green technology; and Fan et al. (2022) pointed out that collaborative innovation also may act as a driver to mobilize and coordinate scientific and technological resources within a city, further promoting innovative development among cities.On the other hand, technological collaborative innovations has its own dark side for firms: it has been costly, it demands money, efforts, and time (Torugsa Arundel, 2016; Wegrich, 2019), and, further, it provokes operational adjustments, technological reconfiguration, and legal barriers to overcome to be effective for innovation (McGuire Agranoff, 2011; Vivona et al., 2022). To address this side of collaborative innovation, Vivona et al. (2022) developed the cost theory to systematize all insights from the literature in four main factors: governance, compactness, reliability, and institutionalization to shed light on a broader range of costs for innovation incurred by collaborative arrangements. Governance refers to relationships in hierarchical level and the number of collaborators involved, reliability refers to relationships’ quality; compactness is about the degree of formality in relationships that connect collaborators; and institutionalization that measure what the extent the relationships in practice have been pre-established. This cost perspective may be explored empirically.The decentralization of technological collaborative innovation, its nonlinear, globalized, and networked form transformed its process to more collaborative approaches among entities (Fan et al., 2020). Lopes and Farias (2022) showed that technology tools support the establishment of relationships of trust promoted by leaders committed to well-established goals, being a characteristic of governance that has a positive influence on collaborative innovation processes. Hwang (2020) mentioned that several countries have implemented policies to facilitate technological convergence by supporting collaborative innovations. The author also mentions that collaborative innovation is a crucial strategy to facilitate technological convergence. In sum, firms have been increased collaboration in technological activities and collaboration works as an enabling to learn about turbulent technological change and uncertainties to enhance the ability to deal with innovations (Dodgson, 1993).Technological collaborative innovation is considered essential to promote the flow of resources, knowledge, and technology among entities, considering that innovation is no longer a closed and isolated system. The main premise is technologies do not exist in isolation. Only by exchanging materials, energy, and information with the environment the innovation system be renewed and developed. Therefore, the integrator condition of technological collaborative innovation is also conducive to a more comprehensive disclosure of the collaborative mode and overall performance of technological innovation activities (Fan et al., 2020).Technological collaborative innovation is not a merely coordination of an orderly arrangements of efforts to pursue a common technological purpose (Mooney, 1953), or a merely cooperation to join agreed-on goals into a share comprehension about design systems or reconfigure technological resources (Gulati et al., 2012). It merges cooperation (commitment towards same end) with coordination (complexity to work together effectively) (Vivona et al., 2022). This view may be much more explored by the researchers to enhance the practical aspects of this perspective.In general, collaboration itself does not survive in the face of inevitable behavioral problems which requires an establishment of trust characterized by receptive organizational cultures, community of interest, and continually supplement knowledge for the purpose of collaboration in highly successful technological innovations (Dodgson, 1993). Thus, this can be a new chapter for technological collaborative innovations.
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Koval, O. P., and R. V. Vlasenko. "A new social policy as a way to restore human capital." Ukrainian Society 86, no. 3 (October 16, 2023): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2023.03.126.
Abstract:
The article outlines the approaches and basic principles of forming a new social policy, which Ukraine should pursue in post-war reconstruction. It was determined that the primary goal of such policy should be a change in the paradigm of interaction between the government and society, which would ensure a transition to more pragmatic and effective relations between these parties, social compensation to alleviate social contradictions, as well as “depreciation” of conflicts. The authors emphasized that social protection should become less aimed at providing benefits and assistance to people experiencing poverty and more emphasis on supporting the self-help of Ukrainians. The focus is not only on delivering consumer goods but also on stimulating initiative and self-sufficiency skills. The article outlines the goals and tasks of the new social policy, which consist of restoring public trust in the state, comprehensive transformation of approaches to wages, taxes and social insurance, promotion of adequate employment, ensuring real efficiency of social expenditures, unification of efforts of society, business, and government. The new social policy’s principles should be determined: humanism and social justice, systematicity and comprehensiveness, preventive measures, targeting, adaptability, and multi-subjectivity. The authors suggested mechanisms for implementing the new social policy, among which a special place is taken by a social dialogue based on a four-way (employees, employers, state, local self-government bodies) and four-level (national, branch, territorial and local) model. Corporate social responsibility is defined as a means of deepening social dialogue and the need for its implementation in the form of a national policy model and its normative consolidation, as well as strengthening the joint efforts of business, the state, and civil society organizations to implement such a model, is emphasized.
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Muñiz Martínez, Norberto. "Towards a network place branding through multiple stakeholders and based on cultural identities." Journal of Place Management and Development 9, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-11-2015-0052.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the creation of a place brand for Colombia’s coffee region, within the framework of the evolution of place branding from traditional, one institution-led marketing approaches towards a more modern concept of network branding involving multiple stakeholders. The production of quality coffee in this region has been complemented with the development of coffee-themed rural tourism, which helps Colombia to enhance the value and positioning of its resources in the context of the economic and cultural exchanges inherent in globalisation. Design/methodology/approach Following a theoretical and conceptual analysis of place branding, this paper explores the case of the Coffee Triangle, examining the network of interrelationships involved in the process of business-led coffee branding and place branding by public institutions to achieve a dynamic identity asset shared by various parties. This study entailed fieldwork in Colombia to visit the region and hold meetings with managers in public administration, representative companies in the region and various social groups and entities. Findings Following a conceptual analysis which attempts to demonstrate the evolution of place branding towards a more holistic, multi-party and networked approach, the case study confirms the formation of complex interactions between stakeholders and public and private institutions at the local, regional, national and even international level. Practical/implications This successful initiative can serve as an example for other food production regions in emerging countries, helping them to improve their positions in global scenarios and enhance the value of their physical products through a heightened awareness and appreciation of the culture associated with these natural environments and landscapes. Synergies between business and place branding are also analysed. Originality/value This paper looks at an instance of place branding involving multiple stakeholders and on the basis of cultural and dynamic identity. It comprises an inter-regional case study in Colombia. South America is a sub-continent where some interesting and successful place projects are being implemented that add nuances to global economic and cultural dialogue, which has probably focused mainly on the Western world and the industrial nations of Asia.
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Jacob, C., K. Roff, J. Fleet, J. Jones, C. A. Wood, H. Jensen, S. Allen, et al. "58 Can Volunteers Improve the Well-Being, Participation and Activity of Patients on An Acute Older-Persons’ Unit in Hospital?" Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i14—i17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz186.12.
Abstract:
Abstract Background A multi-disciplinary led, charity-funded initiative was implemented to deliver an Activity Promotion Project (APP) on the older adult wards of a large teaching hospital, providing acute medical management for adults over 65 with complex needs. Introduction Previous local studies show that our patients are inactive, lonely and their activity is inhibited by ward culture. Cognitively impaired patients experiencing long delays for placement are often agitated and restless. Staff feel disheartened by their inability to spare time for non-medical needs. To respond to the Social Prescribing directive the APP aims to create a sustainable volunteer team to provide patients with company, stimulation and opportunities to be active. Methods A Volunteer and Activity Coordinator (VAC) was appointed to recruit, train and coordinate applicants for the volunteer role on the unit which is advertised on the trust website. Analysis of volunteer team impact has been through patient, carer and staff surveys. Observational studies recorded patients’ physical position, activity and company as well as use of the dayrooms before and during the project. Interventions Patients of all functional abilities can be referred by any staff member. Individual and group activities include conversation, games, reminiscence quizzes, lunch and tea parties, musical bingo, walking tours, trips to hospital facilities and gardens and visits from therapy dogs and musicians. Before discharge participating patients are given information about local social and exercise opportunities. Results All staff surveyed would recommend the project to colleagues, 97% thought it improved patient mood. One noted: ‘volunteers have created a new energy on the ward, the patients appear to be much more engaged and occupied, and the dayroom is being used as it is intended to be’. Observational data showed a change in the percentage of patients resting in bed from 59% before the intervention to 49% during and a decrease in patients who were alone from 83% to 60%. Conclusions The volunteer team has had a positive effect on ward culture and patient well-being and could be replicated in other ward settings. The programme’s impact is contingent on the consistency and reliability of volunteers, which makes the role of the VAC essential for careful management and communication of clear expectations. The VAC role will be proposed in business planning for next financial year.
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Beke, Dirk. "La Constitution Algerienne De 1989: Une Passerelle Entre le Socialisme Et L’islamisme?" Afrika Focus 7, no. 3 (January 26, 1991): 241–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-00703004.
Abstract:
The Algerian Constitution of 1989: A Bridge Between Socialism and Islamism? The riots of october 1988, the most violent uprising since independence against FLN-rule, forced president Chadli Bendjedid to accelerate and to extend the constitutional reforms announced earlier. An adaption of the constitutional law to the ongoing economic liberalization-process had become a necessity, but the popular pressure now not only asked economic changes, but also profound political reform. The new constitutional text was rapidly elaborated by a small circle of persons around the President and then submitted directly to a popular referendum. In contradiction with the procedure fixed by the previous constitution, the National Assembly was not involved nor even consulted. The constitution of 1989 generates an entirely new political regime. The word “socialism”, basis of the official doctrine since independence and largely confirmed by the provisions of the constitution of 1976, is banned completely. The new constitution also provides for the political responsibility of the Head of the Government and the members of the Government to the National People’s Assembly, and not any more to the President only. In the chapter on fundamental freedoms and the rights of man, it is explicitly provided that the State guarantees the right to form political associations. This new timorous formulation entails the end of the one-party system and the FLN’s exclusive hold on power. Some basic principles remain: Algeria is still considered a popular democratic state. Islam is the state religion and the official language is Arabic. No reference is made to the Berber language or culture. New is that the exercise of the guaranteed fundamental freedoms and rights can not be submitted any more to the imperatives of a socialist revolution. It is also stated that judges only obey to the law, they are not submitted any more to the revolutionary legality. A Constitutional Council is created to ensure that the constitution is respected but citizens have no right to submit a case, only the President and the President of the Assembly have. The tasks of the army are limited to safeguard the national independence and sovereignty,•the army has no duties any more to safeguard the socialist revolution. The introduction of a responsible Government affects the presidential powers only in a minor way. The President presides over the Council of ministers, where bills are discussed. The President can ask the Assembly for a second reading of a law and this new vote requires a two-thirds majority. Only the President has the initiative for a constitutional revision. The President chairs a number of other councils. Finally the declaration of the state of emergency is depending only on the decision of the President; this attributes him large exceptional powers. Thus, the constitution of 1989 confirms a strong presidential regime but on the other hand it has introduced a real multi-party system in Algeria. More than 20 political parties are recognised. During the local elections of 1990 the ruling FLN was defeated in most places by a massive victory of the islamic fundamentalist party, the FIS. A new electorial law, voted by the - still exclusive FLN - National Assembly beginning 1991, had to ensure a better result for the FLN during the forthcoming first free national elections. In June 1991 violent and even armed protest, organised by the fundamentalists against the law forced president Bendjedid to postpone elections, to declare the state of emergency but also to promise early presidential elections. Meanwhile many fundamentalists, and between them the main party-leaders, were arrested. The army played a crucial role in reestablishing public order and as a consequence gained more importance, but there were no signs that it exceeded its authority. Under present difficulties one wonders whether the constitution of 1989 will help to create a representative democratic multi-partyism, with an equitable liberal economy, whether it will help to open the way for a regime dominated by islamic fundamentalists?
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Engelen, Marieken. "The Social Service of Health Insurance Funds? A VALUABLE partner in integrated care! There for everyone, with a focus on personal care and support!" International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23521.
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There for everyone, with a focus on personal care and support! Who are the Social Service of the Health Insurance Companies? To be able to make use of the Belgian Social Security, every citizen must be affiliated with one of the recognized health insurance funds. This membership makes one eligible for e.g. reimbursement of medical care, benefits due to disability or pregnancy… However, the operation of a Belgian health insurance funds goes beyond these basic services. Every organization has a social service, tasked with the support of people’s request for help concerning matters of health,well-being, care such as the organization of home care, child benefits, complex social administration procedures, … Being subsidized by the Flemisch governement, these services are accessible and free for each citizen or member.Strengths of The Social Service of the Health Insurance Funds! A proactive approach
The Social Service of each health insurance fund is committed to prevent underprotection (non-take up) and support the most vulnerable people of society. Each year they choose at least 3 target groups they approach proactively. An example of such a group is people who are hospitalized frequently and/or for a longer period of time. In these cases, the services take the initiative to contact the client and offer them some information about their services. Without obligation, the client can decide whether he/she wants to make use of the services.
A guide, a coach, an advocate …
The role of The Social Service changes based on what the client wants or needs. On one occasion our social workers can function as a guide in the elaborate and complex field of the available benefits and care on different governmental levels. On another, they can be a coach who empowers the client in achieving or pursuing a life goal. Based on their experiences with clients/members, the social departments have a signaling function to policymakers like the Flemish or Belgian governments.
Multi-channel accessibility
In order to keep up with an ever-becoming complex world and realize accessible care/support, The Social Services make use of an array of (digital) tools to (stay) connect(ed) with their client. House visits, (E-)mail, (Video) calls, swinging by the local office… there are multiple possibilities to ask/answer questions, exchange information, … The client can choose the medium he or she’s most comfortable with.
A partner in health care and wellbeing
Throughout the years The Social Services of the Health Insurance Funds have developed a great expertise in helping people with complex, multiple and/or chronic disabilities, health issues, social issues. Our social workers and occupational therapists work together, as a multidisciplinary team, to ensure a qualitive coaching and follow-up of their clients (and their needs). In order to keep providing this quality of care in the future, it has become clear that collaboration with others is necessary. That’s why the Social Services of the Health Insurance Funds have formed strong partnerships with other parties in the primary care such as (the social departments of) local governments or publicly funded wellbeing organizations.
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Roussey, Clara, Nicolas Balas, and Florence Palpacuer. "Political CSR initiatives as levers of marginalisation." critical perspectives on international business ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (November 16, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2018-0015.
Abstract:
Purpose The transformative potential of CSR is a far-reaching question. It has been analysed through the lens of the inclusion of stakeholders concerned by social and environmental issues in political CSR fora such as multi-stakeholder initiatives or, on the contrary, their exclusion from these processes. This paper aims to highlight the transformation or status quo produced by political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) initiatives, the extent of transformation being a function of the degree of inclusiveness, or conversely of exclusion, of these initiatives. From a promise of inclusion to the inability of corporate-society fora to act on the actual levers of marginalisation, PCSR scholars have developed contrasted views on these initiatives. Design/methodology/approach This led us to elaborate a hypothesis that such initiatives intrinsically act as levers in the recurring marginalisation of directly affected stakeholders. Drawing on an empirical study of the CSR discourses of mining industry stakeholders – both corporations and civil society – involved in an informal multi-stakeholder initiative, this paper discusses the disconnect between its representatives and the needs of the directly affected stakeholders. Findings To explore this disconnect, the authors draw on the voices and causes framework developed by Boltanski et al. (1984), which provided us with a relational system involving victims, guilty parties, complainants and judges. Originality/value Accordingly, the authors highlight a set of three interrelated marginalisation mechanisms (i.e. the capture of the role of the judge by PCSR initiatives, the side-lining of victims’ needs by complainants, the intertwining of the guilty party and the judge), which empirically support the lack-of-inclusiveness hypothesis.
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Grimm, Julia, Rebecca C. Ruehle, and Juliane Reinecke. "Building Common Ground: How Facilitators Bridge Between Diverging Groups in Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue." Journal of Business Ethics, February 15, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-023-05609-4.
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AbstractThe effectiveness of multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) in tackling grand social and environmental challenges depends on productive dialogue among diverse parties. Facilitating such dialogue in turn entails building common ground in form of joint knowledge, beliefs, and suppositions. To explore how such common ground can be built, we study the role of different facilitators and their strategies for bridging the perspectives of competing stakeholder groups in two contrasting MSIs. The German Partnership for Sustainable Textiles was launched in an initially hostile communicative environment, whereas the Fossil Free Sweden Initiative proceeded in a fertile communicative environment. We trace how the facilitators in these initiatives achieved common ground through three bridging strategies—communicative integration, temporal calibration, and process alignment—adapted to the communicative environments of these MSIs. In hostile communicative environments, facilitators achieve common ground by steering diverging stakeholder groups towards ‘reconciling’ their different language registers, knowledge bases, and meaning systems to ‘meet in the middle’ on points of agreement and shared interests. In fertile communicative environments characterised by greater mutual trust, facilitators can steer interactants to ‘strategically appropriate’ to the language, knowledge, and meaning system of a particular stakeholder group to win this group’s support. Our analysis contributes to a better understanding of how productive multi-stakeholder dialogue can be facilitated.
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Miguel, Priscila L. S., and Maria José Tonelli. "Supplier diversity for socially responsible purchasing: an empirical investigation in Brazil." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, September 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-09-2021-0407.
Abstract:
PurposeBased on a critical lens, this paper aims to empirically evaluate the adoption of programs to buy from minority suppliers (MS) and their outcomes in Brazil, considering a multi-stakeholder approach (buying companies, suppliers and third parties).Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected via an exploratory survey involving 109 buying companies and two case studies with 21 in-depth interviews.FindingsIt was revealed that supplier diversity (SD) in Brazil is still developing, and is more rhetoric than a practice promoting real change. The current traditional procurement mindset, the role of third parties, and the focus on supplier selection, rather than on supplier development prevents a social impact that could reduce inequality between MS and their counterparts.Originality/valuePrevious studies were focused on buying companies' perspective in advanced countries that have clear regulation for SD. By exploring the phenomenon in a country with great economic disparities and no regulation, and using a critical lens, this study highlights the difference between desired and effective implementation of social initiatives that promote inclusiveness.
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Carmagnac, Liliane. "Les côtés sombres des initiatives multi-parties prenantes dans les chaînes logistiques globales : le cas RSPO (Roundtable on sustainable palm oil)." Logistique & Management, January 4, 2023, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12507970.2022.2156403.
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Vargas, Carmen, Julie Brimblecombe, Steven Allender, and Jillian Whelan. "Co-creation of health-enabling initiatives in food retail: academic perspectives." BMC Public Health 23, no. 1 (May 25, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15771-z.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Co-creation of healthy food retail comprises the systematic collaboration between retailers, academics and other stakeholders to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. Research into the co-creation of healthy food retail is in its early stages. Knowledge of the roles and motivations of stakeholders in intervention design, implementation and evaluation can inform successful co-creation initiatives. This study presents academic experiences of stakeholder roles and motivations in the co-creation of healthy food retail environments. Methods Purposive sampling of academics with research experience in the co-creation of healthy food retail initiatives. Semi-structured interviews conducted between October and December 2021 gathered participants’ experiences of multi-stakeholder collaborative research. Thematic analysis identified enablers, barriers, motivations, lessons and considerations for future co-creation of healthy food retail. Results Nine interviewees provided diverse views and applications of co-creation research in food retail environments. Ten themes were grouped into three overarching areas: (i) identification of stakeholders required for changes to healthier food retail; (ii) motivations and interactions, which included the intrinsic desire to build healthier communities along with recognition of their work; and (iii) barriers and enablers included adequate resourcing, effective and trusting working relationships and open communications. Conclusion This study provides insights that could help future co-creation in healthy food retail environments. Trusting and respectful relationships and reciprocal acknowledgement between stakeholders are key practices in the co-creation process. These constructs should be considered in developing and testing a model that helps to systematically co-create healthy food retail initiatives that ensure all parties meet their needs while also delivering research outcomes.
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Franken, Gudrun, and Philip Schütte. "Current trends in addressing environmental and social risks in mining and mineral supply chains by regulatory and voluntary approaches." Mineral Economics, March 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-022-00309-3.
Abstract:
AbstractMining activities have always raised environmental and social concerns due to their impact on natural resources and people. During the last decade, the stakeholder base expected to respond to these sustainability concerns has broadened from directly involved parties to a range of indirect stakeholders along the downstream mineral value chain. These stakeholders variably engage in reporting, supplier risk assessments, exercising supply chain due diligence, third party assurance, and corporate social responsibility measures. This trend reflects a combination of societal, investor, and regulatory pressure as well as industry self-regulation along the supply chain. The present article examines this development from the complementary perspectives of international regulations and voluntary industry and multi-stakeholder initiatives affecting the industrial and the artisanal mining sector as well as the associated mineral supply chains. To this end, we provide an introductory analysis on the global uptake, implementation challenges, and lessons learnt with regard to both regulatory developments and voluntary initiatives. Key challenges identified include a misalignment between local reforms and international efforts, heterogeneous downstream market requirements, and evasive strategies as well as gaps to report on and achieve positive local sustainability impacts, partly brought about by emphasising corporate risk management over local community priorities. Meaningful stakeholder dialogue and increased local ownership are key factors to overcome some of these challenges.
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Waudby, Helen P., Bradley P. Smith, Guy M. Robinson, Sophie Petit, and Gill Earl. "Applying a social-ecological system framework to diagnose drivers of dingo management practices." Australian Zoologist, October 27, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2020.036.
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Social-ecological system (SES) frameworks offer a way of diagnosing the economic, environmental, and social issues driving human-canid conflict, and can assist in the development and testing of management interventions. SES-based approaches to carnivore management in the context of conflicts with humans are limited and highlight a growing need to develop new initiatives involving a broad spectrum of interested parties. To help identify management opportunities provided by using a SES applied to human-canid conflict, we apply the principles of Elinor Ostrom’s multi-tiered framework and develop a SES relating to dingo management in the Australian rangelands. This SES posits variables influencing management practices for dingoes and identifies key management opportunities. We use the framework to categorise first-tier sub-components of the SES, propose second-tier variables specific to the SES (referring to past history or experiences of relevant actors and government resource policies), and identify pathways or interactions for testing (e.g., the influence of scientific evidence on policy, development of educational packages, uptake of new knowledge, and impact of socio-economic status). The proposed SES demonstrates the potential for such approaches to help resolve human-dingo conflict, highlights variables that may influence dingo management practices, and presents opportunities for testing these variables empirically.
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Butler, Daniel, Diarmuid O'Donovan, Jennifer Johnston, and Nigel D. Hart. "Diving into the deep end: a scoping review on taking the plunge." BJGP Open, April 29, 2022, BJGPO.2021.0230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpo.2021.0230.
Abstract:
BackgroundGeneral Practitioners working in deprived areas, where all-cause mortality rates are higher, face unique challenges. Despite 50 years passing since Tudor-Hart’s seminal ‘Inverse Care Law’ paper, the health inequities gap is wide. ‘Deep End GP’ projects, are frontline General Practice led initiatives, working to close this gap, improving the health and lives of those most in need.AimTo use scoping methodology to map out the process of creating a ‘Deep End’ GP group.Design & SettingA scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework.MethodMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL databases, as well non-peer reviewed publications, were searched and articles extracted, reviewed and analysed according to iterative inclusion criteria.ResultsFrom an initial search number of 35 papers, sixteen papers were included in the final analysis. Key steps in starting a Deep End group are: quantifying patients and practices in areas of deprivation; establishing GP led objectives at an initial meeting; regular steering group meetings with close collaboration between academic and frontline General Practice, as well as the wider multi-disciplinary team; adopting a local Deep End Logo.ConclusionDeep End GP groups have made advances to reduce health impacts of systemic health inequities. Starting a Deep End group involves a multidisciplinary approach, beginning with the identification of patients and Practices in areas of highest need. The findings and key themes identified in this scoping review will guide interested parties start the journey to do the same in their locality and to join the Deep End movement.
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Asadian, Elnaz, Robert M. Leicht, and John I. Messner. "Lean adoption barriers for trade contractors." Journal of Construction Materials 2, no. 4 (August 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36756/jcm.v2.4.9.
Abstract:
Lean Construction has proven to be highly beneficial to the construction industry; however, adoption at the trade contractor level is lagging. This study seeks to identify the barriers that hamper the successful implementation of lean principles and methods to understand the reasons for the lagging adoption by stakeholders that should benefit the most. A comprehensive review of previous literature identified several categorizations for barriers; however, none emphasized trade contractors. 29 barriers were identified and defined through a detailed literature review. These barriers were then clustered into seven main factors affecting the implementation of lean initiatives under the proposed framework. This framework facilitates the investigation of construction companies' potential barriers when deciding to start implementing lean. The analysis revealed that the three most frequent barriers were lack of teamwork, multi-layer subcontracting, and lack of long-term philosophy. Additionally, seven barriers are recognized as the potential barriers specifically relevant to the trade contractors: lack of teamwork and technical capabilities, poor communication between parties, minimum involvement of workers, lack of integration of the production chain, quality of materials, high turnover of the workforce, and employee tolerance of untidy workspaces. The findings provide insight into the possible obstacles that exist to hinder the implementation of lean practices among trade contractors. Firms that do not recognize these barriers will suffer from organizational inefficiency regarding needed improvement efforts and where these endeavors should be focused. Understanding the root causes of the low rate of lean adaptation can assist in developing solutions to address barriers and facilitate lean implementation.