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Journal articles on the topic 'Inhibitory Neurons'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Pesavento, Michael J., Cynthia D. Rittenhouse, and David J. Pinto. "Response Sensitivity of Barrel Neuron Subpopulations to Simulated Thalamic Input." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 6 (2010): 3001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01053.2009.

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Our goal is to examine the relationship between neuron- and network-level processing in the context of a well-studied cortical function, the processing of thalamic input by whisker-barrel circuits in rodent neocortex. Here we focus on neuron-level processing and investigate the responses of excitatory and inhibitory barrel neurons to simulated thalamic inputs applied using the dynamic clamp method in brain slices. Simulated inputs are modeled after real thalamic inputs recorded in vivo in response to brief whisker deflections. Our results suggest that inhibitory neurons require more input to r

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2

Weissenberger, Felix, Marcelo Matheus Gauy, Xun Zou, and Angelika Steger. "Mutual Inhibition with Few Inhibitory Cells via Nonlinear Inhibitory Synaptic Interaction." Neural Computation 31, no. 11 (2019): 2252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01230.

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In computational neural network models, neurons are usually allowed to excite some and inhibit other neurons, depending on the weight of their synaptic connections. The traditional way to transform such networks into networks that obey Dale's law (i.e., a neuron can either excite or inhibit) is to accompany each excitatory neuron with an inhibitory one through which inhibitory signals are mediated. However, this requires an equal number of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, whereas a realistic number of inhibitory neurons is much smaller. In this letter, we propose a model of nonlinear interac

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Nykamp, Duane Q., and Daniel Tranchina. "A Population Density Approach That Facilitates Large-Scale Modeling of Neural Networks: Extension to Slow Inhibitory Synapses." Neural Computation 13, no. 3 (2001): 511–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976601300014448.

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A previously developed method for efficiently simulating complex networks of integrate-and-fire neurons was specialized to the case in which the neurons have fast unitary postsynaptic conductances. However, inhibitory synaptic conductances are often slower than excitatory ones for cortical neurons, and this difference can have a profound effect on network dynamics that cannot be captured with neurons that have only fast synapses. We thus extend the model to include slow inhibitory synapses. In this model, neurons are grouped into large populations of similar neurons. For each population, we ca

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Hu, Xiaolin, and Zhigang Zeng. "Bridging the Functional and Wiring Properties of V1 Neurons Through Sparse Coding." Neural Computation 34, no. 1 (2022): 104–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01453.

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Abstract The functional properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) are thought to be closely related to the structural properties of this network, but the specific relationships remain unclear. Previous theoretical studies have suggested that sparse coding, an energy-efficient coding method, might underlie the orientation selectivity of V1 neurons. We thus aimed to delineate how the neurons are wired to produce this feature. We constructed a model and endowed it with a simple Hebbian learning rule to encode images of natural scenes. The excitatory neurons fired sparsely in respons

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Druga, Rastislav. "Neocortical Inhibitory System." Folia Biologica 55, no. 6 (2009): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2009055060201.

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The neocortex contains two neuron types, excitatory (glutamatergic) pyramidal cells and inhibitory nonpyramidal (GABAergic) cells. GABAergic, inhibitory interneurons are morphologically distinct from excitatory pyramidal cells and account for 20–25 % of all neocortical neurons. Recent studies discovered that besides morphological features, inhibitory interneurons are molecularly and physiologically heterogenous and differ significantly in arrangement and terminations of their axonal endings. In neocortical interneurons, GABA is also co-localized with calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calb

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Liu, Ming-Zhe, Xiao-Jun Chen, Tong-Yu Liang, et al. "Synaptic control of spinal GRPR+neurons by local and long-range inhibitory inputs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 52 (2019): 27011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905658116.

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Spinal gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-expressing (GRPR+) neurons play an essential role in itch signal processing. However, the circuit mechanisms underlying the modulation of spinal GRPR+neurons by direct local and long-range inhibitory inputs remain elusive. Using viral tracing and electrophysiological approaches, we dissected the neural circuits underlying the inhibitory control of spinal GRPR+neurons. We found that spinal galanin+GABAergic neurons form inhibitory synapses with GRPR+neurons in the spinal cord and play an important role in gating the GRPR+neuron-dependent itch signaling

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Tamura, Hiroshi, Hidekazu Kaneko, Keisuke Kawasaki, and Ichiro Fujita. "Presumed Inhibitory Neurons in the Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex: Visual Response Properties and Functional Interactions With Adjacent Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 6 (2004): 2782–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01267.2003.

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Neurons in area TE of the monkey inferior temporal cortex respond selectively to images of particular objects or their characteristic visual features. The mechanism of generation of the stimulus selectivity, however, is largely unknown. This study addresses the role of inhibitory TE neurons in this process by examining their visual response properties and interactions with adjacent target neurons. We applied cross-correlation analysis to spike trains simultaneously recorded from pairs of adjacent neurons in anesthetized macaques. Neurons whose activity preceded a decrease in activity from thei

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Shosaku, A. "Cross-correlation analysis of a recurrent inhibitory circuit in the rat thalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 55, no. 5 (1986): 1030–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.5.1030.

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Spontaneous activities of vibrissa-responding neurons in the rat ventrobasal complex (VB) and somatosensory part of the thalamic reticular nucleus (S-TR) were simultaneously recorded and subjected to cross-correlation analysis to investigate the functional organization of recurrent inhibitory action of the S-TR on VB neurons. Excitatory and/or inhibitory interactions were found between approximately 75% (25/34) of the pairs of S-TR and VB neurons with receptive fields (RFs) on the same vibrissa. In contrast, there was no significant interaction between 54 pairs of neurons having RFs on differe

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Lu, Yun-Fei, Yykio Hattori, Akiyoshi Moriwaki, Yasushi Hayashi, and Yasuo Hori. "Inhibition of neurons in the rat medial amygdaloid nucleus in vitro by somatostatin." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 5 (1995): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-086.

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Effects of somatostatin (SRIF) on neurons in the medial amygdaloid nucleus were investigated in rat brain slice preparations, using extracellular recordings. Following bath application of SRIF at 10−7–10−6 M, 63 of 81 (78%) medial amygdala neurons showed an inhibitory response. The inhibitory effect of SRIF was dose dependent, and the threshold concentration was approximately 10−9 M. The inhibitory response to SRIF persisted during synaptic blockade in two-thirds of neurons tested. The inhibitory effect of SRIF was reduced by picrotoxin, a GABAA receptor antagonist, in one-third of neurons. Th

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Unda, Brianna K., Vickie Kwan, and Karun K. Singh. "Neuregulin-1 Regulates Cortical Inhibitory Neuron Dendrite and Synapse Growth through DISC1." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7694385.

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Cortical inhibitory neurons play crucial roles in regulating excitatory synaptic networks and cognitive function and aberrant development of these cells have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. The secreted neurotrophic factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and its receptor ErbB4 are established regulators of inhibitory neuron connectivity, but the developmental signalling mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that NRG1-ErbB4 signalling functions through the multifunctional scaffold protein, Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), to regulate the de

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Mruczek, Ryan E. B., and David L. Sheinberg. "Stimulus selectivity and response latency in putative inhibitory and excitatory neurons of the primate inferior temporal cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 10 (2012): 2725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00618.2012.

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The cerebral cortex is composed of many distinct classes of neurons. Numerous studies have demonstrated corresponding differences in neuronal properties across cell types, but these comparisons have largely been limited to conditions outside of awake, behaving animals. Thus the functional role of the various cell types is not well understood. Here, we investigate differences in the functional properties of two widespread and broad classes of cells in inferior temporal cortex of macaque monkeys: inhibitory interneurons and excitatory projection cells. Cells were classified as putative inhibitor

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Christensen, Thomas A., and John G. Hildebrand. "Coincident Stimulation With Pheromone Components Improves Temporal Pattern Resolution in Central Olfactory Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 2 (1997): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.775.

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Christensen, Thomas A. and John G. Hildebrand. Coincident stimulation with pheromone components improves temporal pattern resolution in central olfactory neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 775–781, 1997. Male moths must detect and resolve temporal discontinuities in the sex pheromonal odor signal emitted by a conspecific female moth to orient to and locate the odor source. We asked how sensory information about two key components of the pheromone influences the ability of certain sexually dimorphic projection (output) neurons in the primary olfactory center of the male moth's brain to encode the fr

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Armstrong, Eve, and Henry D. I. Abarbanel. "Model of the songbird nucleus HVC as a network of central pattern generators." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 5 (2016): 2405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00438.2016.

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We propose a functional architecture of the adult songbird nucleus HVC in which the core element is a “functional syllable unit” (FSU). In this model, HVC is organized into FSUs, each of which provides the basis for the production of one syllable in vocalization. Within each FSU, the inhibitory neuron population takes one of two operational states: 1) simultaneous firing wherein all inhibitory neurons fire simultaneously, and 2) competitive firing of the inhibitory neurons. Switching between these basic modes of activity is accomplished via changes in the synaptic strengths among the inhibitor

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Segal, M. M. "Epileptiform activity in microcultures containing one excitatory hippocampal neuron." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 4 (1991): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.4.761.

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1. Paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDSs) occur during interictal epileptiform activity. Sustained depolarizations are characteristic of ictal activity, and events resembling PDSs also occur during the sustained depolarizations. To study these elements of epileptiform activity in a simpler context, I used the in vitro chronic-excitatory-block model of epilepsy of Furshpan and Potter and the microculture technique of Segal and Furshpan. 2. Intracellular recordings were made from 93 single-neuron microcultures. Forty of these solitary neurons were excitatory, their action potentials were replaced

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Zhang, Danke, Yuanqing Li, and Si Wu. "Concentration-Invariant Odor Representation in the Olfactory System by Presynaptic Inhibition." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/507143.

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The present study investigates a network model for implementing concentration-invariant representation for odors in the olfactory system. The network consists of olfactory receptor neurons, projection neurons, and inhibitory local neurons. Receptor neurons send excitatory inputs to projection neurons, which are modulated by the inhibitory inputs from local neurons. The modulation occurs at the presynaptic site from a receptor neuron to a projection one, leading to the operation of divisive normalization. The responses of local interneurons are determined by the total activities of olfactory re

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Zou, Jing, and Samuel Andrew Hires. "Inhibitory neurons: VIP neurons expect rewards." Current Biology 33, no. 17 (2023): R909—R911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.059.

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Swensen, A. M., J. Golowasch, A. E. Christie, M. J. Coleman, M. P. Nusbaum, and E. Marder. "GABA and responses to GABA in the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab Cancer borealis." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 14 (2000): 2075–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.14.2075.

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The multifunctional neural circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) are influenced by many small-molecule transmitters and neuropeptides that are co-localized in identified projection neurons to the STG. We describe the pattern of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab Cancer borealis and demonstrate biochemically the presence of authentic GABA in C. borealis. No STG somata show GABA immunoreactivity but, within the stomatogastric nervous system, GABA immunoreactivity co-localizes with several neuropeptides in two identi

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Kanamaru, Takashi, and Kazuyuki Aihara. "Stochastic Synchrony of Chaos in a Pulse-Coupled Neural Network with Both Chemical and Electrical Synapses Among Inhibitory Neurons." Neural Computation 20, no. 8 (2008): 1951–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.05-07-516.

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The synchronous firing of neurons in a pulse-coupled neural network composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons is analyzed. The neurons are connected by both chemical synapses and electrical synapses among the inhibitory neurons. When electrical synapses are introduced, periodically synchronized firing as well as chaotically synchronized firing is widely observed. Moreover, we find stochastic synchrony where the ensemble-averaged dynamics shows synchronization in the network but each neuron has a low firing rate and the firing of the neurons seems to be stochastic. Stochastic synchrony of c

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Murray, Peter D., and Asaf Keller. "Somatosensory response properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in rat motor cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 3 (2011): 1355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01089.2010.

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In sensory cortical networks, peripheral inputs differentially activate excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Inhibitory neurons typically have larger responses and broader receptive field tuning compared with excitatory neurons. These differences are thought to underlie the powerful feedforward inhibition that occurs in response to sensory input. In the motor cortex, as in the somatosensory cortex, cutaneous and proprioceptive somatosensory inputs, generated before and during movement, strongly and dynamically modulate the activity of motor neurons involved in a movement and ultimately shape cor

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Lalley, Peter M., Olivier Pierrefiche, Anne M. Bischoff, and Diethelm W. Richter. "cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Modulates Expiratory Neurons In Vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 3 (1997): 1119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1119.

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Lalley, Peter M., Olivier Pierrefiche, Anne M. Bischoff, and Diethelm W. Richter. cAMP-dependent protein kinase modulates expiratory neurons in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1119–1131, 1997. The adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) second-messenger system influences neuronal excitability by modulating voltage-regulated and transmitter-activated channels. In this study we investigated the influence of the cAMP-PKA system on the excitability of expiratory (E) neurons in the caudal medulla of anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated adult cats. We in

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Jo, Young-Hwan. "Endogenous BDNF regulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 1 (2012): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00353.2011.

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Output from steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is anorexigenic. SF-1 neurons express brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that contributes to the regulation of food intake and body weight. Here I show that regulation of GABAergic inputs onto SF-1 neurons by endogenous BDNF determines the anorexigenic outcome from the VMH. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis reveals that one-third of SF-1 neurons express BDNF and that only a subset of BDNF-expressing SF-1 neurons coexpresses the melanocortin receptor type 4. Whole cell patch-clamp analysis of

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Norekian, T. P., and R. A. Satterlie. "Whole body withdrawal circuit and its involvement in the behavioral hierarchy of the mollusk Clione limacina." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 2 (1996): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.529.

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1. The behavioral repertoire of the holoplanktonic pteropod mollusk Clione limacina includes a few well-defined behaviors organized in a priority sequence. Whole body withdrawal takes precedence over slow swimming behavior, whereas feeding behavior is dominant over withdrawal. In this study a group of neurons is described in the pleural ganglia, which controls whole body withdrawal behavior in Clione. Each pleural withdrawal (Pl-W) neuron has a high threshold for spike generation and is capable of inducing whole body withdrawal in a semi-intact preparation: retraction of the body-tail, wings,

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Geisler, Caroline, Nicolas Brunel, and Xiao-Jing Wang. "Contributions of Intrinsic Membrane Dynamics to Fast Network Oscillations With Irregular Neuronal Discharges." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 6 (2005): 4344–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00510.2004.

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During fast oscillations in the local field potential (40–100 Hz gamma, 100–200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscillations, using the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model. Here, we extend this theoretical framework to populations of more realistic Hodgkin–Huxley-type conductance-based neurons. In a noisy network of GABAergic neurons that are connected randomly and sparsely by chemical synapses, coheren

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Holmstrom, Lars, Patrick D. Roberts, and Christine V. Portfors. "Responses to Social Vocalizations in the Inferior Colliculus of the Mustached Bat Are Influenced by Secondary Tuning Curves." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 6 (2007): 3461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00638.2007.

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Neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the mustached bat integrate input from multiple frequency bands in a complex fashion. These neurons are important for encoding the bat's echolocation and social vocalizations. The purpose of this study was to quantify the contribution of complex frequency interactions on the responses of IC neurons to social vocalizations. Neural responses to single tones, two-tone pairs, and social vocalizations were recorded in the IC of the mustached bat. Three types of data driven stimulus-response models were designed for each neuron from single tone and tone pai

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Tanibuchi, Ikuo, Hiroyuki Kitano, and Kohnosuke Jinnai. "Substantia Nigra Output to Prefrontal Cortex Via Thalamus in Monkeys. I. Electrophysiological Identification of Thalamic Relay Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 5 (2009): 2933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91287.2008.

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A few studies have been performed in primate basal ganglia–thalamo–prefrontal pathways. Nevertheless, their electrophysiological properties and anatomical arrangements remain obscure. This study examined them in nigro-thalamo-cortical pathways from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) to the frontal cortex (FRC) via the mediodorsal (MD) and ventral anterior (VA) thalamus in monkeys. First, single thalamocortical neurons with SNr input were identified by antidromic responses to FRC stimulation and by inhibitory orthodromic responses with short latencies (<5 ms) to SNr stimulation. Seco

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Zhou, Fu-Wen, Jian-Jun Xu, Yu Zhao, Mark S. LeDoux, and Fu-Ming Zhou. "Opposite Functions of Histamine H1 and H2 Receptors and H3 Receptor in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 3 (2006): 1581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00148.2006.

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The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a key basal ganglia output nucleus. Inhibitory outputs from SNr are encoded in spike frequency and pattern of the inhibitory SNr projection neurons. SNr output intensity and pattern are often abnormal in movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. In Parkinson’s disease, histamine innervation and histamine H3 receptor expression in SNr may be increased. However, the functional consequences of these alterations are not known. In this study, whole cell patch-clamp recordings were used to elucidate the function of different histamine receptors in SNr.

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Camp, Aaron J., Robert J. Callister, and Alan M. Brichta. "Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission Differs in Mouse Type A and B Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neurons In Vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 5 (2006): 3208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01001.2005.

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Fast inhibitory synaptic transmission in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) is mediated by GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and glycine receptors (GlyRs). To assess their relative contribution to inhibition in the MVN, we recorded miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in physiologically characterized type A and type B MVN neurons. Transverse brain stem slices were prepared from mice (3–8 wk old), and whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from visualized MVN neurons (CsCl internal; Vm = –70 mV; 23°C). In 81 MVN neurons, 69% received exclusively GABAAergic inputs, 6% exclusivel

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Shu, Yousheng, and David A. McCormick. "Inhibitory Interactions Between Ferret Thalamic Reticular Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 5 (2002): 2571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00850.2001.

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The thalamic reticular nucleus (nRt) provides an important inhibitory input to thalamic relay nuclei and is central in the generation of both normal and abnormal thalamocortical activities. Although local inhibitory interactions between these neurons may play an important role in controlling thalamocortical activities, the physiological features of this interaction have not been fully investigated. Here we sought to establish the nature of inhibitory interaction between nRt neurons with intracellular and extracellular recordings in slices of ferret nRt maintained in vitro. In many nRt neurons,

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Obrietan, Karl, and Anthony van den Pol. "GABAB Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Glutamate-Activated Calcium Transients in Hypothalamic and Cortical Neuron Development." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 1 (1999): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.94.

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In the mature nervous system excitatory neurotransmission mediated by glutamate is balanced by the inhibitory actions of GABA. However, during early development, GABA acting at the ligand-gated GABAA Cl− channel also exerts excitatory actions. This raises a question as to whether GABA can exert inhibitory activity during early development, possibly by a mechanism that involves activation of the G protein-coupled GABABreceptor. To address this question we used Ca2+ digital imaging to assess the modulatory role of GABAB receptor signaling in relation to the excitatory effects of glutamate during

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Zeldenrust, Fleur, Niccolò Calcini, Xuan Yan, Ate Bijlsma, and Tansu Celikel. "The tuning of tuning: How adaptation influences single cell information transfer." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 5 (2024): e1012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012043.

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Sensory neurons reconstruct the world from action potentials (spikes) impinging on them. To effectively transfer information about the stimulus to the next processing level, a neuron needs to be able to adapt its working range to the properties of the stimulus. Here, we focus on the intrinsic neural properties that influence information transfer in cortical neurons and how tightly their properties need to be tuned to the stimulus statistics for them to be effective. We start by measuring the intrinsic information encoding properties of putative excitatory and inhibitory neurons in L2/3 of the

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Naumov, Victor, Julia Heyd, Fauve de Arnal, and Ursula Koch. "Analysis of excitatory and inhibitory neuron types in the inferior colliculus based on Ih properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 6 (2019): 2126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00594.2018.

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The inferior colliculus (IC) is a large midbrain nucleus that integrates inputs from many auditory brainstem and cortical structures. Despite its prominent role in auditory processing, the various cell types and their connections within the IC are not well characterized. To further separate GABAergic and non-GABAergic neuron types according to their physiological properties, we used a mouse model that expresses channelrhodopsin and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein in all GABAergic neurons and allows identification of GABAergic cells by light stimulation. Neuron types were classified upon el

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Rutishauser, Ueli, Jean-Jacques Slotine, and Rodney J. Douglas. "Competition Through Selective Inhibitory Synchrony." Neural Computation 24, no. 8 (2012): 2033–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00304.

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Models of cortical neuronal circuits commonly depend on inhibitory feedback to control gain, provide signal normalization, and selectively amplify signals using winner-take-all (WTA) dynamics. Such models generally assume that excitatory and inhibitory neurons are able to interact easily because their axons and dendrites are colocalized in the same small volume. However, quantitative neuroanatomical studies of the dimensions of axonal and dendritic trees of neurons in the neocortex show that this colocalization assumption is not valid. In this letter, we describe a simple modification to the W

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Lee, Seong-Eun, and Gum Hwa Lee. "Reelin Affects Signaling Pathways of a Group of Inhibitory Neurons and the Development of Inhibitory Synapses in Primary Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (2021): 7510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147510.

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Reelin is a secretory protein involved in a variety of processes in forebrain development and function, including neuronal migration, dendrite growth, spine formation, and synaptic plasticity. Most of the function of Reelin is focused on excitatory neurons; however, little is known about its effects on inhibitory neurons and inhibitory synapses. In this study, we investigated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway of Reelin in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons. Individual neurons were visualized using immunofluorescence to distinguish inhibitory neurons from excitatory neurons. R

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Yang, Sunggu, and Charles L. Cox. "Modulation of Inhibitory Activity by Nitric Oxide in the Thalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 5 (2007): 3386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01270.2006.

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The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) is essential for the transfer of visual information from the retina to visual cortex, and inhibitory mechanisms can play a critical in regulating such information transfer. Nitric oxide (NO) is an atypical neuromodulator that is released in gaseous form and can alter neural activity without direct synaptic connections. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), an essential enzyme for NO production, is localized in thalamic inhibitory neurons and cholinergic brain stem neurons that innervate the thalamus, although NO-mediated effects on thalamic inhibitory activi

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Pesavento, Michael J., and David J. Pinto. "Network and neuronal membrane properties in hybrid networks reciprocally regulate selectivity to rapid thalamocortical inputs." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 9 (2012): 2452–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00914.2011.

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Rapidly changing environments require rapid processing from sensory inputs. Varying deflection velocities of a rodent's primary facial vibrissa cause varying temporal neuronal activity profiles within the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus. Local neuron populations in a single somatosensory layer 4 barrel transform sparsely coded input into a spike count based on the input's temporal profile. We investigate this transformation by creating a barrel-like hybrid network with whole cell recordings of in vitro neurons from a cortical slice preparation, embedding the biological neuron in the sim

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YAMAZAKI, TADASHI, and SHIGERU TANAKA. "A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR TRACE CONDITIONING." International Journal of Neural Systems 15, no. 01n02 (2005): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000037.

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We studied the dynamics of a neural network that has both recurrent excitatory and random inhibitory connections. Neurons started to become active when a relatively weak transient excitatory signal was presented and the activity was sustained due to the recurrent excitatory connections. The sustained activity stopped when a strong transient signal was presented or when neurons were disinhibited. The random inhibitory connections modulated the activity patterns of neurons so that the patterns evolved without recurrence with time. Hence, a time passage between the onsets of the two transient sig

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Cardi, P., and F. Nagy. "A rhythmic modulatory gating system in the stomatogastric nervous system of Homarus gammarus. III. Rhythmic control of the pyloric CPG." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 6 (1994): 2503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2503.

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1. Two modulatory neurons, P and commissural pyloric (CP), known to be involved in the long-term maintenance of pyloric central pattern generator operation in the rock lobster Homarus gammarus, are members of the commissural pyloric oscillator (CPO), a higher-order oscillator influencing the pyloric network. 2. The CP neuron was endogenously oscillating in approximately 30% of the preparations in which its cell body was impaled. Rhythmic inhibitory feedback from the pyloric pacemaker anterior burster (AB) neuron stabilized the CP neuron's endogenous rhythm. 3. The organization of the CPO is de

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Keerthana B, Yuvaraj Babu K, and Gayathri R. "Rosehip Neuron - A Review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2890.

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Rosehip neuron is a special type of neuron present only in humans. It has inhibitory actions over other cells. It is present in the first layer of the human cerebral cortex. These neurons have an inhibitory action over other neuronal cells. This research is seen as a scoping literature review. In seeking to identify the relevant literature from the past twenty years, we used common databases such as Pubmed, Google scholar online websites. Nearly 30 reference articles are collected related to the topic. The obtained articles were later read thoroughly and understood. Rosehip neurons are unique

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Norekian, T. P., and R. A. Satterlie. "Cerebral serotonergic neurons reciprocally modulate swim and withdrawal neural networks in the mollusk Clione limacina." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 2 (1996): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.538.

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1. A pair of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons has been identified in the cerebral ganglia of the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina, which produce coordinated, excitatory/inhibitory effects on neurons controlling two incompatible behaviors, swimming and whole body withdrawal. These cells were designated cerebral serotonergic ventral (Cr-SV) neurons. 2. Activation of Cr-SV neurons produces a prominent inhibition of the pleural withdrawal neurons, which have been previously shown to induce whole body withdrawal in Clione. In addition, the cerebral neurons produce weak excitatory inputs to swim mot

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Buhler, A. V., та T. V. Dunwiddie. "α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors on GABAergic Interneurons Evoke Dendritic and Somatic Inhibition of Hippocampal Neurons". Journal of Neurophysiology 87, № 1 (2002): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00316.2001.

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GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus express high levels of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but because of the diverse roles played by hippocampal interneurons, the impact of activation of these receptors on hippocampal output neurons (i.e., CA1 pyramidal cells) is unclear. Activation of hippocampal interneurons could directly inhibit pyramidal neuron activity but could also produce inhibition of other GABAergic cells leading to disinhibition of pyramidal cells. To characterize the inhibitory circuits activated by these receptors, exogenous acetylcholine was applied directly to CA1

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Robertson, R. M. "Delayed excitatory connections in the flight system of the locust." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 5 (1991): 1150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.5.1150.

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1. Synaptic interactions between identified neurons in the flight system of the locust were investigated by the use of standard intracellular recording and staining techniques. The intent was to determine the distribution and functional significance of delayed excitatory connections, which have been previously described. 2. For one inhibitory connection it was demonstrated that subthreshold depolarization of the presynaptic neuron was sufficient to cause release of transmitter at the synapse. This established the existence of graded interactions between spiking flight neurons. 3. Three inhibit

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Zhu, Xuan, Liang Shi, Pengcheng Li, and Jinling Lu. "Cerebral blood flow patterns induced by photoactivation based on laser speckle contrast imaging." Biomedical Optics Express 15, no. 12 (2024): 6739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.541444.

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Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is crucial for maintaining brain function and holds significant implications for diagnosing neurological disorders. However, the neuron type and spatial specificity in NVC remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of local cerebral blood flow (CBF) driven by excitatory (VGLUT2) and inhibitory (VGAT) neurons in the mouse sensorimotor cortex. By integrating optogenetics, wavefront modulation technology, and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), we achieved precise, spatially targeted photoactivation of type-specific

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Lindsey, B. G., L. S. Segers, and R. Shannon. "Functional associations among simultaneously monitored lateral medullary respiratory neurons in the cat. II. Evidence for inhibitory actions of expiratory neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 4 (1987): 1101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.4.1101.

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Arrays of extracellular electrodes were used to monitor simultaneously several (2-8) respiratory neurons in the lateral medulla of anesthetized, paralyzed, bilaterally vagotomized, artificially ventilated cats. Efferent phrenic nerve activity was also recorded. The average discharge rate as a function of time in the respiratory cycle was determined for each neuron. Most cells were tested for spinal or vagal axonal projections using antidromic stimulation methods. Cross-correlational methods were used to analyze spike trains of 480 cell pairs. Each pair included at least one neuron most active

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Kwegyir-Afful, E. E., H. T. Kyriazi, and D. J. Simons. "Weaker feedforward inhibition accounts for less pronounced thalamocortical response transformation in mouse vs. rat barrels." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 10 (2013): 2378–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00574.2012.

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Feedforward inhibition is a common motif of thalamocortical circuits. Strong engagement of inhibitory neurons by thalamic inputs enhances response differentials between preferred and nonpreferred stimuli. In rat whisker-barrel cortex, robustly driven inhibitory barrel neurons establish a brief epoch during which synchronous or near-synchronous thalamic firing produces larger responses to preferred stimuli, such as high-velocity deflections of the principal whisker in a preferred direction. Present experiments in mice show that barrel neuron responses to preferred vs. nonpreferred stimuli diffe

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Zhou, Hui, Bo Lu, Huaguang Gu, Xianjun Wang, and Yifan Liu. "Complex nonlinear dynamics of bursting of thalamic neurons related to Parkinson's disease." Electronic Research Archive 32, no. 1 (2023): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2024006.

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<abstract><p>Parkinson's disease is associated with bursting of the thalamic (TC) neuron, which receives the inhibitory synaptic current of the basal ganglia composed of multiple nuclei; deep brain stimulation (DBS) applied to the basal ganglia can eliminate the bursting to recover to the normal state. In this paper, the complex nonlinear dynamics for the appearance and disappearance of the bursting are obtained in a widely used theoretical model of a neuronal network. First, through a bifurcation analysis, isolated TC neurons exhibit paradoxical bursting induced from the resting s

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Müller, Thomas H., D. Swandulla, and H. U. Zeilhofer. "Synaptic Connectivity in Cultured Hypothalamic Neuronal Networks." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 6 (1997): 3218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3218.

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Müller, Thomas H., D. Swandulla, and H. U. Zeilhofer. Synaptic connectivity in cultured hypothalamic neuronal networks. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 3218–3225, 1997. We have developed a novel approach to analyze the synaptic connectivity of spontaneously active networks of hypothalamic neurons in culture. Synaptic connections were identified by recording simultaneously from pairs of neurons using the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique and testing for evoked postsynaptic current responses to electrical stimulation of one of the neurons. Excitatory and inhibitory responses were distin

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Zhou, Fu-Ming, and John J. Hablitz. "Dopamine Modulation of Membrane and Synaptic Properties of Interneurons in Rat Cerebral Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (1999): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.967.

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Dopamine modulation of membrane and synaptic properties of interneurons in rat cerebral cortex. Dopamine (DA) is an endogenous neuromodulator in the mammalian brain. However, it is still controversial how DA modulates excitability and input–output relations in cortical neurons. It was suggested that DA innervation of dendritic spines regulates glutamatergic inputs to pyramidal neurons, but no experiments were done to test this idea. By recording individual neurons under direct visualization we found that DA enhances inhibitory neuron excitability but decreases pyramidal cell excitability, thro

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Suwabe, Takeshi, Hideyuki Fukami, and Robert M. Bradley. "Synaptic Responses of Neurons Controlling the Parotid and von Ebner Salivary Glands in Rats to Stimulation of the Solitary Nucleus and Tract." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 3 (2008): 1267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01115.2007.

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Salivary secretion results from reflex stimulation of autonomic neurons via afferent sensory information relayed to neurons in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST), which synapse with autonomic neurons of the salivatory nuclei. We investigated the synaptic properties of the afferent sensory connection to neurons in the inferior salivatory nucleus (ISN) controlling the parotid and von Ebner salivary glands. Mean synaptic latency recorded from parotid gland neurons was significantly shorter than von Ebner gland neurons. Superfusion of GABA and glycine resulted in a concentration-depe

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Wang, Jun, Jie Li, Qian Yang, et al. "Basal forebrain mediates prosocial behavior via disinhibition of midbrain dopamine neurons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (2021): e2019295118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019295118.

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Sociability is fundamental for our daily life and is compromised in major neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying prosocial behavior are still elusive. Here we identify a causal role of the basal forebrain (BF) in the control of prosocial behavior via inhibitory projections that disinhibit the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons. Specifically, BF somatostatin-positive (SST) inhibitory neurons were robustly activated during social interaction. Optogenetic inhibition of these neurons in BF or their axon terminals in the VTA largely

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Sutter, M. L., and C. E. Schreiner. "Physiology and topography of neurons with multipeaked tuning curves in cat primary auditory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 5 (1991): 1207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.5.1207.

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1. The physiology and topography of single neuron responses along the isofrequency domain of the middle- and high-frequency portions [characteristic frequencies (CFs) greater than 4 kHz] of the primary auditory cortex (AI) were investigated in the barbiturate-anesthetized cat. Single neurons were recorded at several locations along the extent of isofrequency contours, defined from initial multiple-unit mapping. For each neuron a high-resolution excitatory tuning curve was determined, and for some neurons high-resolution two-tone tuning curves were recorded to measure inhibitory/suppressive are

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