Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inhibition réactive'
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Hadj-Idris, Farah. "Activité neuronale du globus pallidus et du noyau subthalamique pendant l’inhibition motrice." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS543.pdf.
Full textResponse inhibition is crucial for adaptive behavior that allows the deliberate selection of one action from many. Inhibition is reactive after the identification of specific stimuli, or proactive in the absence of stimuli and when triggered by a specific context. Interactions between cortex and basal ganglia (BG) are important for implementing reactive and proactive inhibition. We recorded neurons in the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) as well as in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in monkeys during a Go/No Go task. In the GPe, we identified four types of neurons based on electrophysiological properties: two types exhibiting high-frequency discharge, with spontaneous pauses in activity (GPe-HFD-p) or without (GPe-HFD), and two types exhibiting low-frequency discharge, those exhibiting spontaneous bursting (GPe-LFD-b) and those that did not (GPe-LFD). GPi neurons were relatively homogenous, exhibiting high-frequency discharge without spontaneous pausing (GPi-HFD). According to their patterns of activities, we classified STN neurons into four classes: positive, negative, polyphasic positive and polyphasic negative. All neuronal types of GPe, GPi and STN encode reactive, proactive inhibition, direction and execution of movement. We identified one subtype of pallidal neuron (GPe-LFD-b) and one subtype of STN neuron (polyphasic negative) that responded rapidly to the stimulus signalling the need to withhold response (No Go). These neurons may be specifically involved in action restraint by activating motor programs related to maintaining current motor state despite the urge to respond
Tanguy, Thomas. "Etude des réactions d'échange dans les copolyesters : cinétique, catalyse, inhibition." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066112.
Full textBosson, Johann. "Synthèse de tétrahydrocyclopenta[c]acridines par réaction de Pauson-Khand : inhibition des kinases dépendantes des cyclines." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10267.
Full textWhile developing a new acridine skeleton synthesis, a route allowing an efficient and fast synthesis of the tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]acridine core is developed. The key step of the synthesis is a Pauson- Khand Reaction. Several aspects (mechanism, diastereoselectivity) of the reaction are investigated. Some of the tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]acridines synthesized are exhibiting selective Cyclin Dependent Kinases inhibition activity in the submicromolaire range and this out of 70 other kinases. Those kinases are often deregulated in cases of cancer. The most active compound of the family has been crystallized in the ATP binding pocket of the CyclineA-CDK2 complex. Structure-activitiy relationships are established and second generation compounds are synthesized and evaluated
Joubert, Muriel. "Amino-analogues du L-fucose : synthèse par réaction d'hétéro-Diels-Alder asymétrique et inhibition de glycosidases." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0619.
Full textJaffard, Magali. "Etude comportementale et neurofonctionnelle des effets de la présentation d'un signal avertisseur en temps de réaction simple : alerte ou contrôle inhibiteur des automatismes visuomoteurs ?" Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5043.
Full textQuestions about attention are usually addressed by cueing tasks assessing whether knowledge of stimulus related information provided in advance will improve target processing. Most current interpretations suggest that a warning stimulus provokes an alerting of the organism resulting in a faster processing of either the sensory of the motor aspects of the task. However, as shown in chapter III, warning signals trigger automatic motor activations (observed on EMG) which are likely to cause false alarms. Chapter IV provides converging behavioral and fMRI evidences that classical cueing methods entail competing processes of automatic motor activation triggered by the cue and proactive response inhibition intended to counteract these automatic responses to the cue. It is concluded that some classical protocols generally used in attention research are likely to be biased and to reveal behavioural effects that are not attentional in origin. The paradoxical warning signal effect (proactive inhibition) was found to be mediated by the medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobule, which is consistent with a role in volitional inhibition (chapter V). This inhibition would act on motor structures which are critical for connecting the basal ganglia and appealing the neuronal processes underlying movement initiation (M1, SMA, putamen). This premotor hypotesis was further reinforced in chapter VI by the electroencephalographic analysis of this effect. It is concluded that strong interactions (even confusions) are observed within attentional, sensorimotor and executive functions
Bana, Émilie. "Inhibition des phosphatases CDC 25 dans le cadre d'une thérapie anticancéreuse : étude mécanistique de nouveaux inhibiteurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0105/document.
Full textWithin the context of research for new targets for cancer therapy, Cdc25 phosphatases are interesting candidates, the inhibition of which being able to slow down tumor growth and eventually improve the cancer treatments currently in use. The objectives of this PhD project are to design and synthesize new compounds able to inhibit CDC25 and to determine efficiency of identified compounds in breast cancer cell lines. In vitro evaluation of inhibitory potential of compound is realized through a high sensitivity fluorometric method (3-OMFP substrate). Cellular effects were evaluated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Effects on cell viability are assessed through MTT assays, and cytotoxicity is evaluated through trypan blue assays and microscopic observations with Incucyte videomicroscopy system. Cell death was characterized by detection of apoptotic markers (caspases) and DNA damages markers (PARP Histone H.2AX) by Western Blotting. The analyses of mechanisms underlying cell death were explored through cytometric detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with H2DCFDA and Redox Sensor Red probes. Inhibition of CDC25 in cells was indirectly evaluated through detection of phosphorylated forms of CDK by Western Blotting. In vitro evaluation of 93 synthesized compounds allowed us to find new active compound in various chemical families including steroid, thiophene, coumarinic, imidazole and quinone derivatives. The coumarinic derivatives showed potent CDC25 inhibition. A new coumarin-sulfurquinone combined structure, named SV37, was designed to optimize efficiency of inhibition. In vitro tests on this compound, showed a strong CDC25 inhibitory potential (IC50 under 5µM for CDC25 A and C). Effect of SV37 on cell growth was evaluated on various cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, hTERT-HME1 and HepG2). Results indicate inhibition of cell growth (IC50 values from 9 to 18 µM). Analysis of cell viability indicates no remarkable cell death in MCF7 at IC50 value whereas in MDA-MB-231 the cell growth decrease was characterized by an increase of cell death. For deeper investigations on the cell death and on the underlying mechanisms, we focused the study on the triple negative model MDA-MB-231. The morphological changes of MDA-MB-231 cells during the treatment were characterized by the appearance of cellular alterations compatible with a cellular demise and culminating with a disruption of cells after 20h. Caspase-3 and 7 cleavages were observed 16h after beginning of the treatment, suggesting an apoptotic cell death. A ROS induction was observed 15 min after the beginning of the treatment and was totally prevented by Nacetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment. DNA damage markers were detected between 16 and 28 hours after beginning of treatment, a timing falling with caspase activation and with the appearance of cell demise observed by video microscopy. Accumulation of pCDK in cells was observed after 4 and 8 hr of treatment by SV37 at IC50 suggesting an inhibition of CDC25 activity, and cells pretreated with NAC showed no accumulation of pCDK after SV37 treatment. This strongly suggests a direct link between ROS generation by the compound SV37 and the accumulation of pCDK. This project increased knowledge on inhibitors of CDC25 phosphatases and allowed the identification of coumarine compound as new CDC25 inhibitors. This work will enable the development of ever more efficient inhibitors, leading to efficient inhibition of CDC25 and inhibition of tumor development
Dakik, Hassan. "Caractérisation des NADPH oxydases et effet de leur inhibition dans les leucémies aigues myéloïdes." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3309.
Full text350,000 leukaemia are diagnosed each year worldwide. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), relapse remains a major problem and the oxidative metabolism might play a crucial role in the therapeutic response. Low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with properties of leukemic stem cells and quiescence whereas higher level promotes leukoblasts proliferation. ROS homeostasis relies on a tightly regulated balance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems. Although the antioxidant system is extensively studied in AML, the oxidant system remains poorly documented. In this work we aimed to study the seven NADPH oxidases (NOX) complexes in 25 AML human cell lines and primary samples. NOX transcriptional and protein profiles are variable with a higher expression of NOX2 in cell lines belonging to mature differentiation stages. An equivalent level of enzymatic activity was observed across all the cell lines. To reveal the contribution of NOX to global ROS production in the cells, two NOX inhibitors, DPI and VAS3947, were then used. Although both inhibitors efficiently blocked NOX activity they unexpectedly triggered strong oxidative stress leading to reduced cell proliferation and strong apoptosis, DPI by increasing mitochondrial ROS while VAS3947 by increasing cytoplasmic ROS production. To highlight which of the subunits were involved and to understand the mechanisms, NOX2 and p22phox subunits were inhibited using shRNA strategy. These did not affect cell proliferation but revealed a compensation effect. Our data suggest that NOX inhibition might be potential therapeutic strategy by increasing oxidative stress in leukemic cells
Rousselet, Angélique. "Inhibition de la réaction alcali-silice par le lithium : efficacité en milieu modèle et en matrice cimentaire et compréhension des mécanismes d’inhibition." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10186/document.
Full textAlkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a deleterious reaction taking place in concrete. Lithium is known to inhibit ASR, unfortunately the quantities of lithium required to enable inhibition fluctuate with the experimental conditions and the materials tested and the mechanisms by which this element inhibits ASR are not fully understood. The study presented in this report has two goals : assessing the quantities of lithium required to inhibit ASR and improving the understanding of the inhibition mechanisms. The influence of different lithium compounds on the inhibition of ASR was studied using model reactors (concrete sub-system simulating ASR) containing a reactive flint aggregate. The degradation of silica due to ASR was assessed by different chemical and physical reaction degrees. The results led to the following conclusions: the inhibition of ASR by lithium ions evolves nonlinearly with the quantity of lithium (threshold effect) and the counter-ion accompanying the lithium does not have a significant influence on ASR inhibition. The expansive behaviour of three different aggregates in mortars containing LiOH also displayed the threshold effect observed previously. In order to recycle industrial waste, two lithium-containing slags were used in mortar bars and one of them happened to be effective to inhibit ASR. Finally, to improve the understanding of ASR inhibition, mortar bars containing LiOH were analysed by techniques capable of detecting lithium such as ToF-SIMS. The latter revealed the presence of lithium within flint particles in a non-expansive bar, which suggests that lithium inhibits ASR by stabilising reactive silica
Ghanim, Zaïd. "Etude des effets de la stimulation galvanique transmatoïdienne sur les réseaux neuronaux spinaux cervicaux et lombaires chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066156.
Full textKefalas, Panagiotis. "Synthèse d'une indolizidine hydroxylée, analogue de la castanospermine." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112340.
Full textSeveral attempts for the synthesis of the indolizidinic alkaloid (1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR)-1,6,7,8 tetrahydroxy-octahydroindolizine (castanospermine), a glucosidase inhibitor and of its epimers are described. The general synthetic approach was undertaken starting from sugars that have an established configuration on the carbon atoms corresponding to the C-6, C-7 and C-8 centres of the indolizidinic ring. Ln a first synthetic route we have studied the formation of the alkaloid five-member ring, through the application of α-aminonitrile chemistry on the aldehyde 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanose prepared from D-(+)-Glucose; either by formation of the N-benzyl,α-aminonitrile, followed by the introduction of C-2 and C-3 and cyclization, or by the synthesis of the α-aminonitrile carrying C-2 and C-3 substituted on the amine function and ring closure. The difficulties met during this route obliged us to abandon. In a second approach we have studied the formation of the polyhydroxylated indolizidinic ring starting from D-Glucose, D-Xylose and D-Arabinose derivatives; we introduce C-1, C-2 and C-3 and the oxygen on C-1 in the form of an enol ether, by Wittig reaction. Then we form a 1,2-oxazine-3,6- dihydro-2H; 4 ethoxy by Diels-Alder reaction with a dienophile carrying the nitroso function. The glucose derivative does not meet the requirements for the continuation of the synthesis, due to the sensitivity of the furan ring in the basic medium of the Wittig reaction. Cyclization of the oxazine on the tosylated sugar frame supplies a bicyclic product. Reduction of the double bond and the N-O bond of the arabinose series derivative give a δ-aminoalcohol which leads to the (1S,6S,7R,8R,8aS),1-ethoxy,6-hydroxy;7,8-O- isopropylidene octahydroindolizine(ie. A close analog of castanospermine) by dehydrative cyclization. (Mitsunobu reaction). The same reaction sequence could not be used on the bicyclic xylose derivative; the Mitsunobu reaction being inappropriate for steric reasons
Kabri, Youssef. "Synthèse, pharmacomodulation et évaluation biologique de nouveaux dérivés de quinazoline à visées antiparasitaire et anticancéreuse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22951/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the synthesis of new bioactive quinazoline derivatives under microwave irradiation. In the first chapter, we indicate the main methods for preparing the quinazoline ring, the pharmacological properties associated to the quinazoline-derivated drug compounds and we present the SRN1 reaction updated bibliography. In the second chapter, the synthesis and reactivity of 2-chloromethyl-3-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one with nitronate and sulfinate anions are successively described. A mechanistic study permits to demonstrate the SRN1 radical chain mechanism for the reaction with nitronate anions and a SN2 one for sulfinate anions. Afterwards, we prepared new original quinazolines, under microwave irradiation, by studying SNAr and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions in 4-chloroquinazoline series. From these results, we have developed a regioselective Suzuki-Miyaura reaction on the 4,7-dichloro-2-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-6-nitroquinazoline and prepared a new series of highly functionalized 4,7-diarylquinazolines. Finally, the biological evaluation of the products prepared by SNAr, showed interesting antiplasmodial and anti-leishmania activities along with EGFR1 inhibition properties
Pichon, Caroline. "Inhibition de la production d'hydrogène radiolytique dans les déchets nucléaires de type « enrobés bitumineux » :étude de l'interaction entre l'hydrogène et l'hydroxosulfure de cobalt." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148343.
Full textque la présence d'hydroxosulfure de cobalt limitait le gonflement. En conséquence, ce composé a été considéré comme un «inhibiteur de production d'hydrogène radiolytique». Cependant, l'origine
de ce phénomène n'a pas été clairement identifiée à ce jour. Afin de proposer une explication à ce phénomène d'inhibition, des molécules organiques modèles ont été utilisées afin de représenter les constituants du bitume. Des irradiations ont été effectuées par des protons afin de simuler la radiolyse alpha. L'irradiation de molécules organiques par un faisceau de protons a montré que l'hydroxosulfure de cobalt CoSOH n'agit pas comme un
catalyseur d'hydrogénation des hydrocarbures insaturés, ni en tant qu'intercepteur de radicaux, mais
qu'il est un piège à hydrogène. Des expériences de piégeage d'hydrogène à température ambiante ont été effectuées selon deux techniques : la gravimétrie et la manométrie. Le solide a été caractérisé avant et après interaction avec l'hydrogène (spectroscopies infrarouge et Raman, diffraction des rayons X). Le solide initial
est composé de l'hydroxosulfure de cobalt amorphe et d'une phase minoritaire d'hydroxyde de cobalt. Les expériences de gravimétrie et de manométrie montrent que la capacité maximale de piégeage d'hydrogène est égale à 0,59 ± 0,18 mole d'hydrogène par mole de cobalt. Après interaction avec l'hydrogène, la phase Co(OH)2 disparaît et une nouvelle phase solide apparaît
correspondant à Co9S8. Ces observations, ainsi que l'analyse de la phase gazeuse, permettent de conclure à la réaction (1) suivante :
9 CoSOH + 11/2 H2 = Co9S8 + 9 H2O + H2S (1).
Des expériences de gravimétrie conduites à des températures entre 50 et 210°C ont mis en évidence la désorption d'eau mais pas celle de sulfure d'hydrogène. L'absence de sulfure d'hydrogène en phase gazeuse et la disparition de la phase Co(OH)2, peuvent s'expliquer selon la réaction (2) :
9 Co(OH)2 + 8 H2S + H2 = Co9S8 + 18 H2O (2).
En tenant compte de (1) et (2), le rapport théorique de la quantité d'hydrogène fixé par mole de cobalt est de 0,56, ce qui est en accord avec la valeur expérimentale déterminée (0,59). L'analyse de l'allure des courbes de vitesse déduites des expériences de gravimétrie permet de proposer des modèles cinétiques de germination-croissance pour rendre compte du phénomène de « piégeage » aux différentes températures.
Amniai, Latiffa. "Régulation de la réaction allergique pulmonaire : inhibition par un BCG recombinant dans un modèle murin et déficit de la réponse des cellules Natural Killer de patients allergiques à la chimiokine CCL18." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S041.
Full textCriaud, Marion. "Évaluation des modèles psychologiques du contrôle inhibiteur au moyen de l’IRM fonctionnelle : Plausibilité physiologique, bases neurales et applications cliniques dans la maladie de parkinson." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10346/document.
Full textThe inhibition is a key function of the cognitive control. But its assessment is made difficult by its very definition. Indeed, if the inhibition is properly implemented, the observable outcomes are suppressed. In consequences, the existing psychological models are fragile, and the imaging results inconsistent. A meta-analysis was first used to prove that the classical studies confound activations related to the reactive and selective inhibition and the activity elicited by parallel functions involved in experimental tasks. This led us to propose a new model of inhibition, defined as proactive mechanisms implemented in anticipation of stimulation. This model was first tested with two behavioral experiments. The results suggest that proactive inhibition is the default mode of the executive control. The proactive model was then assessed together with its two competing models (reactive selective and reactive non-selective) in an fMRI study. The results confirmed that the reactive selective model is less plausible than the two non-selective models. Finally we focused on the clinical consequence of this theoretical upheaval. When the standard model predicts that the impulsivity is the only consequence of inhibition deficit, the proactive model also predicts a deficit in movement initiation. This is what we showed by associating a hyperactivation of the proactive control network and the akinesia in Parkinson’s disease
Boisson, Julien. "Synthèse de nouveaux iminosucres et évaluation de leur activité inhibitrice de glycosidases." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV027/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes the synthesis and bioevaluation of 10 new iminosugars. Iminosugars are an important class of compounds, which can inhibit the activity of glycosidases (enzymes which catalyze oligosaccharide hydrolysis). The inhibitory activity of our products was assessed towards a panel of 7 glycosidases.Our laboratory has recently succeeded in the preparation of polyalkoxylated cyclic ketonitrones from ketoses such as D-fructose or L-sorbose (abundant natural sugars). Herein, we envisaged their utilization as precursors of new, structurally original iminosugars, bearing a quaternary center in of their nitrogen atom. We firstly improved the synthesis of these ketonitrones, and then we optimized conditions for their diastereoselective C-vinylation, in order to access selectively and efficiently four diastereoisomeric piperidines after reduction of the formed N-hydroxylamine function. The N-allylation of these piperidines gave access to the corresponding bis-alkenylpiperidines, which were readily transformed into ,alpha-gem-disubstituted tetrahydroxylated N-propylpiperidines after hydrogenation (of both unsaturated chains) and debenzylation.The bis-alkenylpiperidines were also engaged in a ring closing metathesis reaction, providing the indolizidine skeleton with a double bond in C1-C2. Hydrogenation or dihydroxylation of the latter, followed by a debenzylation step, produced original polyhydroxylated indolizidines (tetra- and hexahydroxylated), which are substituted at their ring junction (8a position). One of the synthesized compounds (an indolizidine) was found to be a highly potent and selective inhibitor of -glucosidases with a median inhibitory concentration of 52 nM (rice alpha-glucosidase) and an uncommon mode of inhibition for this class of molecules (mixed non-competitive inhibition)
Lossouarn, Alexis. "Développement de nouvelles réactions de click séquentielles appliquées à la synthèse contrôlée par la cible d'inhibiteurs de protéines impliquées dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR078.
Full textThe kinetic target-guided synthesis (KTGS) is a fragment-based strategy which involves the biological target for the assembly of its own ligand via a biocompatible and irreversible reaction. Although promising for the discovery of new biologically active molecules, this approach is still suffering from various limitations, namely the very low quantities of ligand which are formed during the experiments, which may afford false-negative results during analyses, or the limited range of applicable reactions in KTGS, which do not allow an optimal covering of the chemical space. In order to address these issues, two main approaches were envisioned as goals of this thesis work. The first one is the development of new reactional sequences, allowing at first the formation of the ligand within the target, and then its labelling so as to increase its detectability by mass spectrometry analysis or by fluorescence emission. The second goal was to study the eligibility of various biocompatible reactions (Diels-Alder and thiol-yne reactions) for KTGS application so as to complete the range of available reactions
Oukessou, Mohamed. "Synthèse, dérivation et évaluation de pharmacophores hybrides Alcynyl-TriAzolyCarbinols N-glycosylés." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2387/.
Full textThe alkenyl-alkynylcarbinol function (AAC) is a key pharmacophore encountered in natural products extracted from marine sponges, the petrosiacetylenes, exhibiting various biological properties, and in particular a remarkable cytotoxicity on tumor cells. In a different context, the 1H-1,2,3-triazole (TA) core is a peptido-mimetic motif identified in several enzymatic inhitors, for example of beta-lactamases in the Tazobacatm(r) drug. The fusion -or intimate hybridization-and glyco-conjugation of these two pharmacophores is envisaged in unprecedented structures like N-glycosylated bis(1H-1,2,3 triazolyl)carbinols (BTACs), alkynyl-triazolylcarbinols (ATAC = ATAC(y)), or alkenyl-triazolylcarbinols (ATAC(e)). Such molecules were synthesized by Huisgen reaction of glycosyl azides, functional at the primary or anomeric position of O-protected (D)-ribose, (D)-galactose, or (D)-glucose units, with dialkynylcarbinols (DAC) and AAC substrates substituted in various manners at positions 1 and 3. These [2+3] cycloaddition dipolarophiles proved to react regio-selectively in standar click-chemistry conditions (CuSO4,5H2O + sodium ascorbate, in ethanol/water mixtures). The principle has been generalized to trialkynylcarbinol substrates, and the reactivity of the tris-(N-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazolyl)carbinol product, Taz3C-OH, was studied. In the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride, the latter carbinol dissociates to the corresponding tris(triazolyl)carbenium - for which the term "trizyl cation" is coined, by analogy with the trityl cation-, whose SN1 reactivity with various O-, N-, S-and Cnucleophiles was found to selectively produce new structures, which are heterocyclic analogues of known or unknown triphenylmethane derivatives. Among the described new compounds, a few ATACs and BTACs were selected and tested for their inhibition activity towards enzymes (a-glucosidase and sphingosine kinase) or cytotoxicity towards tumor cells (adenocarcinome)
Mariaule, Gaëlle. "Accès original aux hétérocycles par la catalyse organométallique : développement de nouveaux inhibiteurs de kinases." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P612/document.
Full textMy thesis proJect is organized around two main topics having in common organometallic chemistry and the synthesis of heterocycles.Firstly, we were interested in a methodology for the synthesis of tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]acridines. These compounds are synthesized in three steps from various quinolines. The key step is a cobalt-Catalyzed intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction. Some compounds of this family exhibit selective Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs) inhibition, particulary against CDK2, in the submicromolar range. A hit compound has been identified, and then using data from co-Crystallization with CDK2 and molecular modeling, followed by the study of structure-Activity relationships, the rational design of a second generation of molecules has been investigated. The most advanced compound has an IC50 of 300 nM against CDK2/cyclin A with an excellent metabolic profile. In the second axis of research, we have studied and developed a new silver-Catalyzed tandem addition/cyclization reaction with carbon nucleophiles. The systems studied are (hetero)aromatics compounds having an aldehyde group and in ortho-Position an alkynyl group. The synthetic strategy leads to 1H-Isochromene derivatives by creating two new bonds. A thorough study of the tandem reaction allowed us to obtain a wide range of isochromene derivatives, highlighting the influence of different substituents carried by the alkyne group or on the (hetero)aromatic substrates; and also to investigate the use of different carbon nucleophiles (alkynes, aromatics and heteroaromatics). The limitations of the tandem reaction have also been identified
Grosselin, Nadège. "Mise au point d'une technique voltampérométrique pour la caractérisation de particules individuelles conductrices de quelques dizaines de microns : application à l'étude de l'adsorption des ions argent et mercure ainsi que du thymol sur la pyrite." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10142.
Full textTap, Aurélien. "Vers la synthèse totale de la Thapsigargine inhibiteur de l’enzyme SERCA." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P619/document.
Full textThapsigargin (Tg) is a highly oxygenated sesquiterpene lactone belonging to the guaianolide family, isolated from the Mediterranean plant species Thapsia (Apiaceae). Its interest towards treatment of prostate cancer is based on the potency of this compound as an inhibitor of the endo/sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase (SERCA) inducing an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration and leading to apoptotic cell death. A straightforward approach to a highly functionalized 8-desoxy-bicyclo[5.3.0]decadienone model close to the Tg framework has been achieved through a key Rh(I) allenic Pauson-Khand reaction (APKR). The synthetic route developed therein is robust and the yields and selectivities are high. This approach was used in the synthesis of the natural compound. Starting from the same chiral epoxide, the bottom portion of the Tg (lactone core) is first built, then C6 and C8 carbons are functionalized respectively by asymmetric reduction and enantioselective propargylation. This first way allowed to synthesize a seventeen steps-enantiopure product with C6, C7, C8 chiral centers and the lactone core. A second way is performed to set up faster the bottom part of the molecule included C6, C7, C8 and C11 asymmetric centers through a dihydroxylation step. This second approach allowed to synthesize a ten steps-racemic product with C6, C7, C8, C11 chiral centers and the lactone core. Meanwhile, a methodological study was conducted on the intramolecular allenol-yne Pauson-Khand reaction. Thirteen bicyclic compounds were synthesized in acetal and NTs series
Souffrin, Agathe. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de maléimides, inhibiteurs potentiels de l'intégrase du VIH-1." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3801/document.
Full textOur research team has recently developed the first inhibitors of a DDE enzyme, MOS1 transposase, an enzyme similar to the HIV-1 integrase. These molecules, having a bisfurylmaleimide structure, also showed efficacy against enzymatic activities of HIV integrase. Based on these results, we undertook the synthesis of new bisfurylmaleimides in order to identify new integrase inhibitors and propose new molecules in the fight against the virus that causes AIDS. The originality of our approach is the use of MOS1 transposase as a model for designing our molecules. Methodologies used to access these molecules are essentially involving chemistry catalyzed by transition metals but also reactions of heterocyclic chemistry such as Mitsunobu, Knoevenagel or Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. All synthesized molecules has been evaluated for their inhibitory activities on the MOS1 transposase and HIV-1 integrase. Their antiviral properties against HIV were also evaluated. Parallel to this work, we investigated the reactivity of the maleimide core in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions especially in Sonogashira couplings
Lafortune, Stéphanie. "Le rôle de l'inhibition dans la capacité à surmonter des interférences intuitives en sciences." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5685/1/M12859.pdf.
Full textBentz, Mireille. "Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents lipid peroxidation in cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12045.
Full text