Relevant bibliographies by topics / Inhibition

Academic literature on the topic 'Inhibition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Inhibition"

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Gao, Xiang, Yuandan Zhang, Zhe Li, Xinmin Wang, and Yingna Du. "Study on synthesis and properties of polyacrylate wax inhibitor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2723, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2723/1/012013.

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Abstract Synthesis and properties of polyacrylate ester paraffin inhibitior based on polyacrylate ester start from dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol respectively were introduced in this paper. Hexadecyl polyacrylic showed the most potent paraffin inhibition, and then the optimum reaction condition of it was ascertained. The percentage inhibition of hexadecyl polyacrylic, synthesized under the optimized conditions, reached to 79.3%. Then crosslinked polyacrylate ester paraffin inhibitiors were synthesized and screened by static wax precipitation experiment, and find the percentage inhibition of crosslinked hexadecyl polyacrylic reached to 88.4%.
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Ocheretniuk, Alla, Oleksandr Kobzar, Iryna Mischenko, and Andriy Vovk. "N-Phenacylthiazolium Salts as Inhibitors of Cholinesterases." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv5i2p1-14.

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Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is considered as a promising approach for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we demonstrated that 5-substituted N-phenacylthiazolium derivatives are capable of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Some of the new thiazolium-based inhibitiors showed more than 10-fold selectivity for butyrylcholinesterase. Kinetic experiments and molecular docking were performed for understanding the inhibition mechanisms.
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Wang, Hong Mei, Ke Long Huang, and Zhi Ping Zhu. "Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Benzotriazoliumionic Liquid in Hydrochloric Acid." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1409.

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The inhibiting behavior of 1-ethyl-3-butylbenzotriazolium ionic liquids，[C2Bt][Br] ,on mild steel corrosion in 5 wt.% HCl as corroding solution was investigated using weight loss，potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance measurements. The obtained results indicated that [C2Bt][Br] is a good inhibitor for the mild steel in 5 wt.% HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase of inhibitive concentration. Potentiodynamic polarization data indicated that the [C2Bt][Br] acted essentially as a mixed-type inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance study showed that corrosion inhibition took place by adsorption.
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Weber, T. R., M. A. Stranick, and M. S. Vukasovich. "Molybdate Corrosion Inhibition in Deaerated and Low-Oxygen Waters." Corrosion 42, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3583065.

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Abstract The inhibiting effect of sodium molybdate on mild steel corrosion in deaerated and low-oxygen concentration waters at pH 9.0 and 60 C was investigated using weight loss and electrochemical test methods. Molybdate was inhibitive at a water oxygen concentration between 1 and 2.5 mg/L. In combinations with sodium nitrite, molybdate exhibited synergistic inhibition at 1 mg/L oxygen. An explanation of the observed synergism is discussed based on the electrochemical study.
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Abdulwahab, M., A. Kasim, Bello Kamilu Bello, and J. O. Gaminana. "Corrosion Inhibition of Multi-Component Aluminium Alloy in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Aqueuos Extracts of Bitter Leaf (Verninia amygdalina) Powder." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.319.

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The corrosion inhibition of an aqueous extract of bitter leaf on aluminium alloy in 0.5M hydrochloric acid solution at various temperatures and concentrations has been studied using weight loss measurement method. The influences of concentration, temperature and immersion period on the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor system were investigated. It was found that the corrosion rate was significantly reduced in the presence of the natural inhibitor at all concentrations considered. The result also revealed the good inhibiting action of bitter leaf extract at optimum experimental conditions; acting as anodic type. The inhibitive action was satisfactorily explained by both thermodynamic and kinetic models.
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Klomjit, Pitichon, and Rudolph G. Buchheit. "Cooperative and synergistic corrosion inhibition of AA 7075-T6 by praseodymium and CaSO4." Corrosion Reviews 38, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2020-0032.

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AbstractIn a primer coating system used in aerospace applications to protect aluminum alloy substrate, praseodymium is added as corrosion inhibitors while CaSO4 is primarily added as filler materials. The interaction of Pr and CaSO4 is unknown. The goal of this study is to characterize any cooperative or synergistic inhibition between these two. Cooperative inhibition can be defined when one inhibitor enhances inhibiting effect of the other that already has inhibiting ability. Synergistic inhibition can be defined when one inhibitor activates the inhibiting effect of the other that originally does not inhibit. Optical profilometry, electrochemical techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize corrosion results. The results showed that several pit parameters will affirm the inhibition effect. Electrochemical results cannot always detect modest corrosion inhibitors. Cooperative inhibition was detected in pH 5 while synergistic inhibition was observed in pH 8. Synergistic inhibition occurs because SO42− helps with gelation of Pr to passivate the surface.
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Yang, Yiting, Zexin Zhang, Ping Li, Weimin Kong, Xiaodong Liu, and Li Liu. "A Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Characterizing Interplay of OCTs and MATEs in Intestine, Liver and Kidney to Predict Drug-Drug Interactions of Metformin with Perpetrators." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050698.

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Transmembrane transport of metformin is highly controlled by transporters including organic cation transporters (OCTs), plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), and multidrug/toxin extrusions (MATEs). Hepatic OCT1, intestinal OCT3, renal OCT2 on tubule basolateral membrane, and MATE1/2-K on tubule apical membrane coordinately work to control metformin disposition. Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) of metformin occur when co-administrated with perpetrators via inhibiting OCTs or MATEs. We aimed to develop a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model characterizing interplay of OCTs and MATEs in the intestine, liver, and kidney to predict metformin DDIs with cimetidine, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, ondansetron, rabeprazole, and verapamil. Simulations showed that co-administration of perpetrators increased plasma exposures to metformin, which were consistent with clinic observations. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that contributions of the tested factors to metformin DDI with cimetidine are gastrointestinal transit rate > inhibition of renal OCT2 ≈ inhibition of renal MATEs > inhibition of intestinal OCT3 > intestinal pH > inhibition of hepatic OCT1. Individual contributions of transporters to metformin disposition are renal OCT2 ≈ renal MATEs > intestinal OCT3 > hepatic OCT1 > intestinal PMAT. In conclusion, DDIs of metformin with perpetrators are attributed to integrated effects of inhibitions of these transporters.
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Muharammy, Fairuza, Rizanda Machmud, and Surya Nelis. "Perbedaan Daya Hambat Obat Anestesi Lokal Lidocaine 2% dan Articaine 4% Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas Gingivalis Secara In Vitro." Andalas Dental Journal 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v4i2.159.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria which is an oral normal microflora located in subgingival area.This bacteria can cause inflamation and delayed wound healing after dental invasive procedures. Lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% are the most used anaesthetic agents in dentistry. Both of these agents have been studied for having antibacterial effect in certain concentrations. This will open the possibility of using local anaesthetic agents as antibacterial agent in dental invasive procedures to prevent infection after procedures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference inhibition of local anaesthetics drug lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. The study subject was pure culture of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 divided by two group, one group with lidocaine 2% and other with articaine 4%. This study was experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. The mean of inhibitions were obtained by measuring inhibition zone formed around paper discs with caliper in milimeter scale. The result showed Inhibition rate lidocaine 2% had greater rate than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.The conclusion was lidocaine 2% was more effective than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.
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Muharammy, Fairuza, Rizanda Machmud, and Surya Nelis. "Perbedaan Daya Hambat Obat Anestesi Lokal Lidocaine 2% dan Articaine 4% Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas Gingivalis Secara In Vitro." Andalas Dental Journal 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v7i2.159.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria which is an oral normal microflora located in subgingival area.This bacteria can cause inflamation and delayed wound healing after dental invasive procedures. Lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% are the most used anaesthetic agents in dentistry. Both of these agents have been studied for having antibacterial effect in certain concentrations. This will open the possibility of using local anaesthetic agents as antibacterial agent in dental invasive procedures to prevent infection after procedures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference inhibition of local anaesthetics drug lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. The study subject was pure culture of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 divided by two group, one group with lidocaine 2% and other with articaine 4%. This study was experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. The mean of inhibitions were obtained by measuring inhibition zone formed around paper discs with caliper in milimeter scale. The result showed Inhibition rate lidocaine 2% had greater rate than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.The conclusion was lidocaine 2% was more effective than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.
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Odes-Barth, Shlomit, Marina Khanin, Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni, Yifat Miller, Karina Abramov, Joseph Levy, and Yoav Sharoni. "Inhibition of Osteoclast Differentiation by Carotenoid Derivatives through Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway." Antioxidants 9, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111167.

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The bone protective effects of carotenoids have been demonstrated in several studies, and the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by lycopene has also been demonstrated. We previously reported that carotenoid oxidation products are the active mediators in the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and the inhibition of the NF-κB transcription system by carotenoids. Here, we demonstrate that lycopene oxidation products are more potent than intact lycopene in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. We analyzed the structure–activity relationship of a series of dialdehyde carotenoid derivatives (diapocarotene-dials) in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. We found that the degree of inhibition depends on the electron density of the carbon atom that determines the reactivity of the conjugated double bond in reactions such as Michael addition to thiol groups in proteins. Moreover, the carotenoid derivatives attenuated the NF-κB signal through inhibition of IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. In addition, we show a synergistic inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by combinations of an active carotenoid derivative with the polyphenols curcumin and carnosic acid with combination index (CI) values < 1. Our findings suggest that carotenoid derivatives inhibit osteoclast differentiation, partially by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In addition, carotenoid derivatives can synergistically inhibit osteoclast differentiation with curcumin and carnosic acid.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inhibition"

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Booker, Samuel A. "Inhibiting inhibition : interactions amongst interneurons of the hippocampus." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2995/.

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Cortical networks comprise excitatory principal cells and interneurons (IN); the latter showing large neurochemical, morphological and physiological heterogeneity. GABA release from IN axon terminals activates fast ionotropic GABAA or slow metabotropic GABAB receptors (GABABR); ionotropic GABA mechanisms are well described in INs, whereas GABABR activity is less well understood. The primary aim of this thesis is to ascertain GABABR mediated inhibition in different IN types containing the neurochemicals parvalbumin (PV), cholecystokinin (CCK) or somatostatin (SSt). Using immunocytochemical techniques, at light and electron microscopic levels, we examined the cellular and subcellular expression of GABAB1 receptor subunits in these INs. Application of whole-cell patch clamp techniques in acute slices, allowed analysis of GABABR effects pre- and postsynaptically; in response to endogenous GABA release or pharmacological activation. Light microscopy showed GABAB1 expression in INs containing CCK or SSt, equivalent to CA1 pyramidal cells; with low expression in PV INs. Using electron microscopy, we detected GABAB1 receptor subunits in dendrites of CCK and PV INs, with densities equivalent or higher than CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites. Unexpectedly, SSt containing dendrites showed a lower density of GABAB1 receptor subunits. In axon terminals of CCK and PV containing INs, we found comparable densities of GABAB1 receptor subunits. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed the presence of functional postsynaptic GABABR in PV and CCK INs. GABABR-mediated slow inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) had typically large amplitudes, but with high cell-to-cell variability in both IN types. Morphological separation of PV or CCK INs revealed slow IPSC amplitudes which were large in perisomatic inhibitory (PI)cells (30.8 ± 8.6 pA and 39.2 ± 5.5 pA, respectively) and small in dendritic inhibitory (DI) cells (4.0 ± 1.7 pA and 11.6 ± 2.4 pA, respectively). Consistently, SSt-immunoreactive DI INs exhibited very small IPSCs (1.5 ± 0.2 pA). Pharmacological activation of GABAB R by the selective agonist baclofen revealed variable amplitude whole-cell currents, confirming differences between IN subtypes. Examining presynaptic GABABR activity; we minimally stimulated str. pyramidale evoking monosynaptic IPSCs in CA1 pyramidal cells. IPSCs mediated by CCK or PV PI axons were pharmacologically isolated by CB1 or M2 receptor activation. Both monosynaptic responses were reduced by baclofen, albeit differentially so. To further investigate this effect we performed paired-recordings from PV or CCK INs coupled synaptically to CA1 pyramidal cells. Baclofen inhibited PV and CCK basket cell mediated IPSCs by 51% and 98%, respectively; with a smaller effect in DI INs. In summary, we have shown that functional GABABRs are expressed pre- and postsynaptically in hippocampal GABAergic INs; with distinct populations of INs under differential GABABR control. Postsynaptic inhibition was strong in PI INs, but weak or absent in DI INs, a relationship conserved presynaptically. The observed differential expression of GABABRs is likely to play a fundamental role in regulating the excitability and activity of GABAergic INs, regulating synaptic output and potentially contributing to network and oscillatory activity. Consequentially, during periods of high GABA release, GABABR activation could act as a switch, allowing DI INs to play a greater role in network inhibition, due to GABABR mediated inhibition of perisomatic-targeting INs.
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Glossop, Paul. "Thrombin inhibition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244533.

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Bonardi, C. "Discriminative inhibition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384313.

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Brian, Jessica Ann. "Inhibition in autism evidence of excessive inhibition-of-return /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ56219.pdf.

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Heduy, Fabrice. "Inhibition cognitive et schizophrénie : étude en situation d'auto-inhibition." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30010.

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L'inhibition cognitive est généralement représentée comme un processus qui limite et contrôle l'accès des informations à la conscience. Sa défaillance participerait à la genèse des hallucinations et des délires et pourrait sous-tendre un grand nombre de troubles observés dans la schizophrénie. Par ailleurs, deux processus différents sont proposés pour rendre compte de l'inhibition. Le premier, étudié principalement grâce au paradigme d'amorçage négatif, est appelé inhibition latérale. Son étude a montré qu'il était souvent déficient chez les patients schizophrènes. En revanche, le second processus, dispositif du type "reset" facilitant un retour au niveau de base aussi rapide que possible, n'a encore fait l'objet d'aucune recherche chez ces patients. A cette fin, nous avons éléboré une épreuve où une activité cognitive automatisée, la lecture analogique de l'heure, doit être inhibée pour laisser place à une activité sérielle et contrôlée de lecture inversée. D'autre part, notre protocole expérimental contenait plusieurs phases permettant l'étude de l'auto-inhibition lors de contextes facilitateur ou freinateur. Dans ces conditions, nous avons relevé que les schizophrènes dans leur ensemble présentaient des pertubations et qu'ils éprouvaient des difficultés particulières et distinctes selon les sous-groupes définis par le D. S. M. IV. Nous avons poursuivi par l'étude de l'influence de l'âge et du sexe des patients sur leurs performances inhibitrices et complété nos recherches en prolongeant notre étude dans la population générale selon le niveau de schizotypie. Des aptitudes diverses à l'auto-inhibition ont été relevées, certaines en accord avec les données de la littérature concernant l'inhibition latérale, d'autres originales. Nous avons terminé notre travail par une proposition d'intégration des processus inhibiteurs dans les principaux modèles rendant compte des défaillances dans la schizophrénie
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Roweth, Harvey George. "Mechanisms of platelet inhibition by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275477.

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Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants prevent serotonin (5-HT) uptake by the serotonin transporter (SERT). Since blood platelets express SERT, SSRIs may modify platelet function and the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the beneficial or adverse effects of SSRIs on arterial thrombosis are poorly characterised and detailed in vitro experimental data is limited. The SSRI citalopram is a racemate, the (S)-isomer being the more potent SERT inhibitor. Although citalopram has been shown to inhibit platelets in vitro, it is unclear whether this is mediated via SERT blockade. Aim: To determine if citalopram inhibits platelet function via SERT blockade, or through a novel mechanism of action. Findings: 5-HT uptake into platelets was blocked by both citalopram isomers at concentrations that had no apparent effect on platelet function. Despite the (S)-citalopram isomer being the more potent SERT inhibitor, (R)-citalopram was equally potent at inhibiting other platelet functions. These findings strongly suggest that inhibition of platelet function by citalopram in vitro is not mediated by blocking SERT. Subsequent experiments identified two putative mechanisms for citalopram-mediated platelet inhibition: 1) citalopram did not inhibit calcium store release induced by the platelet agonist U46619, despite blocking subsequent Rap1 activation. A credible target for this inhibitory mechanism is the calcium and diacylglycerol guanine nucleotide exchange factor-1 (CalDAG-GEFI): 2) citalopram suppressed early protein phosphorylation within the GPVI pathway, resulting in the inhibition of subsequent platelet responses. Further experiments show that other commonly used antidepressants also inhibit platelets. As with citalopram, inhibition was only observed at concentrations above those required to block SERT, suggesting that alternative inhibitory mechanism(s) are responsible. Conclusions: Data presented in this thesis support two novel putative mechanisms of citalopram-induced platelet inhibition. These findings demonstrate that citalopram and other antidepressants inhibit platelets independently of their ability to block SERT-dependent 5-HT transport. The identification of thesemechanisms provides a pharmacological approach to develop novel antiplatelet agents based on current antidepressants.
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Bowditch, William Antony. "Response inhibition and associative learning : training stimulus specific response inhibition." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24923.

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Response inhibition, which refers to the ability to cancel an already initiated motor response, is often considered to be a hallmark of Executive Control. The popular view conceptualises these control processes as deliberate and top-down. How- ever, what if you have cancelled the same response (say stopping at a pedestrian crossing) to a given stimulus (in this example the red do not cross pictogram) many times before? Does the resulting action cancellation remain an exclusively top down act of control, or does it become bottom-up with practise. Research suggests that repeatedly pairing a stimulus with withholding a response results in slowed reaction times and a decreased probability of responding, even when no longer appropriate (a phenomenon first reported by Verbruggen & Logan, 2008a). This thesis attempts to answer this question from an associative learning per- spective: Asking if repeatedly pairing a stimulus with action cancellation results in stimulus-stop associations. Chapter One introduces current perspectives on response inhibition, the dual- process model of associative learning, and a theoretical framework that attempts to integrate these areas. Chapters Two and Three ask what is learnt when a stimulus is repeatedly paired with stopping in response inhibition task: Specif- ically, Chapter Two investigate the contribution of stimulus detection. Chapter Three asks whether subjects are learning not to respond or withhold and pro- vides evidence for the feature-positive effect in stimulus-stop learning. Chapter Four investigates the role of explicit expectancies and incidental associations in this form of learning, whilst also exploring whether transcranial direct cur- rent stimulation can enhance the acquisition of stimulus-stop associations. Both Chapters Five and Six investigate how stimulus-stop training may transfer to other tasks and behaviours with a specific focus on why stimuli tend to be devalued after stimulus-stop training. Finally, Chapter Seven relates the findings of each respective chapter back to the theoretical model introduced in Chapter One.
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Chowdhury, Nahian Shahmat. "Intracortical Inhibition and Response Inhibition in healthy adults and gamblers." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21945.

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This thesis investigated whether the strength of primary motor cortex (M1) short-interval Intracortical inhibition (SICI) can predict an individual’s ability to stop prepotent actions. Experiments involved measuring SICI at rest (i.e. during relaxed muscle activity) or during a stop signal task. Chapter 3 showed that stronger resting-state SICI predicted more efficient stopping. Chapter 4 showed that more efficient stopping was associated with stronger SICI during action stopping. Chapter 5 showed that SICI in left and right M1 uniquely predicted stopping ability of the contralateral hand but not the ipsilateral hand, suggesting there is a hemisphere-specific influence of SICI over stopping ability. This was further supported by Chapter 6, which showed that left M1 SICI was stronger when the contralateral (right) hand vs. ipsilateral (left) hand was selected to stop. Chapter 6 also showed that subjects trained in the stop signal task either within one session and across multiple sessions, displayed increases in resting-state SICI strength and increased SICI strength during action stopping. These findings demonstrate a strong link between stopping ability and SICI measured outside of and during task context, with a stronger influence of SICI over the stopping ability in contralateral actions. This thesis also had an applied question, which was to investigate whether SICI is altered in gamblers, a population associated with impaired stopping ability. Chapter 2 consisted of a meta-analysis which showed that gambling disorder is associated with impairments in action stopping. Chapter 3 showed that those classified as problem gamblers exhibited reduced SICI and increased glutamate-mediated Intracortical facilitation relative to controls. This suggests intracortical circuits within M1 altered in problem gamblers, which may be functionally implicated in the inability to stop gambling urges. This thesis makes contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms of action stopping, and the aetiology of gambling problems.
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Frings, Christian. "Inhibition von Distraktorinformation." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2004. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97180110X.

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Smith, Gary Thomas. "Inhibition of IPNS." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276831.

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Books on the topic "Inhibition"

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Andrews, Lucy G., and Trygve O. Tollefsbol, eds. Telomerase Inhibition. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-070-0.

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Lubow, R. E., and Ina Weiner, eds. Latent Inhibition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511730184.

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Pérez-Edgar, Koraly, and Nathan A. Fox, eds. Behavioral Inhibition. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98077-5.

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Liersch, Rüdiger, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Torsten Kessler, eds. Angiogenesis Inhibition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78281-0.

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E, Berdel Wolfgang, Kessler Torsten, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Angiogenesis Inhibition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Gorfein, David S., and Colin M. MacLeod, eds. Inhibition in cognition. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11587-000.

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Field, Robert A. Glycosidase inhibition studies. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1989.

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Vallée, Roland. Bégaiement, inhibition, musicothérapie. Parempuyre: Editions du non-verbal/A.M.Bx, 1989.

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Kathy, Saada, GAREFP (Organization), and Réciproques (Organization), eds. Inhibition et cultures. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1998.

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Freud, Sigmund. Inhibition, symptôme et angoisse. 9th ed. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Inhibition"

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Kolakowsky-Hayner, Stephanie A. "Inhibition." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1808–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_2092.

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Kuczynski, Beth, and Stephanie A. Kolakowsky-Hayner. "Inhibition." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1319–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_2092.

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Kolakowsky-Hayner, Stephanie A. "Inhibition." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_2092-2.

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Roberts, Delanie K., Jessie L. Betancourt, and R. Matt Alderson. "Inhibition." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3132-1.

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Stavrinos, Despina, and Katherine W. Byington. "Inhibition." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 814–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_1496.

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O’Connor, Victoria L. "Inhibition." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 3437–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1107.

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O’Connor, Victoria L. "Inhibition." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1107-1.

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Cochereau, Jérôme, Michel Wager, Marco Rossi, Antonella Leonetti, Tommaso Sciortino, Lorenzo Bello, and Guglielmo Puglisi. "Inhibition." In Intraoperative Mapping of Cognitive Networks, 251–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75071-8_16.

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Roberts, Delanie K., Jessie L. Betancourt, and R. Matt Alderson. "Inhibition." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 4139–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_3132.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "inhibition." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 280. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_5203.

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Conference papers on the topic "Inhibition"

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Visser, A., and D. G. Meuleman. "IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF THE THROMBIN-MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSFER." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644808.

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The inhibition of the thrombin-mediated signal transfer by a common irreversible inhibitor Z of the factor Xa complex (Xc a) and thrombin has been analysed for the two-step process of the Xc a-triggered formation of thrombin andthe consecutive splitting ok a thrombin-specific substrate S. Assuming that both proteolytic processes follow simple Michaelis—Menten kinetics, that the inhibition reactions are second-order and that the prothrombin and irreversible inhibitor are in excess it can be shown that:1. clotting time (tc) is inversely proportional to the time-averaged thrombin concentration2. the endpoint of the conversion of the thrombin specific substrate S reached at exhaustion of thrombin and the Xc a is inversely proportional to the square of the inhibitor concentration3. the continously monitored thrombin generation inhibition is a more sensitive assay than the classical two-stage thrombin generation inhibition assay4. the shift in the effective concentration range of the continuously monitored thrombin generation inhibition assay relative to the continuously monitored anti-Xa assay and to that of the continuously monitored anti-IIa assay, depends on the initial rate of formation of thrombin with the thrombin generation inhibition assay and the original enzyme concentrations of the anti-enzyme assays.It can further be shown that the above conclusions still hold when the Z-mediated (with Z = anti thrombin III e.g.) inhibitions are potentiated by heparin(oid)s.
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Alissa, Faisal, Rashed Altowairqi, Khalid Alhamed, and Abdulaziz Alsubaie. "Evaluation of Various Designs for Scale Inhibition Squeeze Treatments in Carbonate Reservoirs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210316-ms.

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Abstract Scale is considered as one of the major concerns in the oilfield industry. Usually, scale formation causes several issues such as: reduced production, formation damage, jeopardizing well integrity, and causing damage to assets such as artificial lift equipment. Therefore, a scale inhibition operation has to be conducted to sustain oil and gas production by assuring the flowing conditions of the reservoir and production assets. Scale inhibition in oilfield industry is carried out in one of four ways: 1- squeezing the inhibitor inside the formation, 2- continuously injecting the inhibitor through a capillary tubing, 3- apply an encapsulated inhibitor in the rat hole, 4- applying batch treatments. In this study, we are evaluating various treatment designs for the scale inhibition through the squeezing technique in terms of efficiency and lifetime. The efficiency of scale inhibition squeeze treatments is bound to a certain lifetime which depends on the interaction between the inhibitor and the reservoir rock. The inhibitor interacts with the rock in an adsorption fashion, then it desorbs to maintain a certain concentration in the aqueous portion of the produced fluids; thus, inhibiting scale deposition. When squeezing the scale inhibitor deep inside the reservoir, the inhibitor has a greater surface area to adsorb onto; therefore, less of it will be retained when flowing the well after the operation. The drawback of the squeeze technique is the duration, and the inhibitor loss right after the operation, the greater the inhibitor production the shorter the treatment lifetime. Squeezing the treatment deep inside the formation has reduced the inhibitor concentration; thus, increased the treatment estimated lifetime by almost 5 folds.
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Suri, Ajay, and Ankur Singh. "Synergistic Hydrate Inhibition by Iota-Carrageenan with Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213610-ms.

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Abstract The hydrate-inhibiting performance of a natural plant-based polysaccharide iota-carrageenan is evaluated as a standalone inhibitor and as a synergist with two well-known kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs), polyvinyl caprolactam (PVCap) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), in order to achieve a higher hydrate inhibition performance. The hydrate inhibiting performance is assessed experimentally by measuring the induction time (IT) required for measurable hydrate formation and by the average hydrate growth rate (HGR) after measurable hydrate formation using a standard constant cooling rate of 1°C/h. Three inhibitor dosages at 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% are tested for the methane hydrate formation at 7.6 MPa and hydrate equilibrium temperature of 10.45°C. Synergy evaluation between the common KHIs and iota-carrageenan is done by making 50:50 ratio blends of iota-carrageenan with PVP and PVCap respectively (half iota-carrageenan and half KHI by wt%) and their performance is compared with the performance of individual PVP and PVCap performance at the same total inhibitor concentration for fair comparison. The individual inhibitor experimental results at 0.5-1 wt% showed that iota-carrageenan has a lower IT (around 4.5-5 h) than PVP (around 5.5-6.3 h) and PVCap (around 6.5-7.1 h), but has a lower average hydrate growth rate (HGR) between 0.07-0.08 m/h compared to PVCap (0.11-0.12 m/h) and PVP (0.13-0.18 m/h). The experimental results for the 50:50 blends of i-crgn with PVP and PVCap at a total concentration of 0.5-1 wt%, showed significant boost in the ITs (8.1-10.2 h for PVP and i-crgn blend) and (8.7-11.2 h for PVCap and i-crgn blend). These values were up 33-57% at the same total concentration of the individual inhibitor and the blend. The blends also have a much lower HGR with values 0.04-0.12 m/h at a total concentration of 0.5-1 wt% which is 16 - 64% lower than the individual HGRs of PVP and PVCap. Hence, iota-carrageenan, a natural, non-toxic, sustainable chemical can be used as hydrate inhibiting synergist additive to PVP and PVCap and other commercial hydrate inhibitors for enhanced hydrate inhibition performance and biodegradability.
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Fuhrer, G., M. J. Gallimore, W. Heller, and H. E. Hoffmeister. "REDUCED β-FXIIa-INHIBITION CAPACITY IN KEPARINIZED PLASMA SAMPLES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643298.

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It has been shown by our group that B-FXIIa-inhibi-tion was reduced in platelet rich plasma. To investigate the effect of heparin on B-FXIIa-inhibition, kallikrein inhibition and C1-esterase inhibition high and low molecular weight heparin preparations were added to plasma samples. Using high molecular weight heparin from 0 to 5 anti Xa/ml a reduction in B-FXIIa-inhibition was seen from 103% to 59%.These effects were abolished by the addition of protamine chloride. No changes of kallikrein inhibition and C1-esterase-inhibition were observed in heparinized plasma samples After the addition of a low molecular heparin preparation to plasma samples, the reduction of B-FXIIa-inhibition was markedly decreased. The levels of the Hage-man fragment inhibitor capacity were lowered to 22% compared to initial values of 91%. The antagonization of heparin normalized these values. No reduction in kallikrein inhibition and C1-esterase inhibition were found in these samples because in all three assays C1-inhibitor activity is analysed, purified C1-inhibitor was added to buffer containing several heparin concentration ( see table )These results suggest that the inhibition of B-FXIIa is markedly affected by heparin whilst no changes were seen in the inhibition capacity for C1-esterase and kallikrein.
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Ngwu, Daniel, and Odutola Toyin. "Combating Pipeline Internal Corrosion Using Jatropha Tanjorensis." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221732-ms.

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Abstract This study explores the corrosion inhibition potential of Jatropha tanjorensis on aluminum (Al), mild steel (MS), and galvanized steel (GA) specimens immersed in a corrosive crude oil medium. Twelve specimens, divided into 4 groups for each metal type, were suspended in the corrosive medium using a unique setup involving plastic containers and wooden sticks. The inhibitor, extracted from 100g of Jatropha tanjorensis leaves in 400ml of ethanol, resulted in a 0.25M concentration solution. The MS, Al, and GA specimens were exposed to a control solution containing 100ml of crude oil with 1M H2SO4. Three concentrations (4ml, 6ml, and 8ml) of the Jatropha tanjorensis extract were added to separate cylinders, and corrosive crude oil with H2SO4 was introduced, following a gravimetric method for weight loss calculations. Results over 120 hours indicated poor inhibitor performance on aluminum, with increasing weight loss. Conversely, galvanized steel and mild steel showed minimal weight loss at all concentrations for the initial 48 hours, with a slight increase thereafter. Notably, the 6ml concentration of inhibitor exhibited the best overall corrosion inhibition and an optimal effectiveness in inhibiting corrosion of galvanized steel by 85.38%, and mild steel by 91.91%. This research contributes insights into combating internal corrosion in pipelines, particularly in the context of the oil and gas industry, and suggests avenues for further studies to refine corrosion inhibition strategies
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Sulaimon, A. A., J. Turkson, A. A. Umar, Q. Wintope, and F. A. Badmus. "Corrosion Inhibition Assessment of Okra Mucilage in a Corrosive Environment." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221606-ms.

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Abstract Corrosion is an undesirable phenomenon that engenders challenges across multiple industries with the petroleum sector among the mentioned. Organic corrosion inhibitors deployment has received a lot of traction. However, these inhibitors pose detrimental environmental effects. Hence, the study evaluated the corrosion inhibition potential of okra extracts on mild steel in different corrosive and temperature conditions. Sieved (mucilage) and non-sieved samples of okra extracts were prepared to evaluate the effect of unblended particles on the inhibition efficiency of okra. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of different concentrations of okra mucilage (0–1250 ppm) was determined at 25°C in acidic and non-acidic environments. Additionally, the optimum okra mucilage concentration was selected and subsequent corrosion tests for temperatures (40–70°C) were performed. The okra mucilage was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Similarly, the surface morphology of the mild steel samples was identified using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and FESEM. Gravimetric analysis was conducted to determine the corrosion rate of mild steel and the inhibition efficiency of okra extracts. Corrosion rate decreased with okra mucilage concentration. Maximum corrosion rates of 0.7946 mm/year and 0.9242 mm/year were achieved for 500 ppm of okra mucilage and non-sieved okra extract, respectively. Additionally, okra mucilage and non-sieved okra extract yielded remarkable inhibition efficiencies at elevated temperatures. Okra mucilage recorded 49% and 62% inhibition efficiencies at 25 and 70°C, respectively for 833 ppm of the inhibitor. However, the inhibition efficiency of non-sieved okra extracts was slightly reduced at elevated temperatures (from 62% at 25°C to 61% at 70°C) for 1250 ppm of the inhibitor. The study unraveled the potential of okra mucilage as a green corrosion inhibitor, which can be applied in pilot studies as a corrosion mitigation strategy.
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Jovičić Milić, Sandra S., Marko Antonijević, Đorđe S. Petrović, Verica V. Jevtić, and Danijela Lj Stojković. "Investigation of the anticancer activity of 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole and corresponding Pd(II) complex using molecular docking simulations." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.535jm.

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In our prior investigations, it has been established that compound di(2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole)dichloridopalladate(II) (C1) exhibits promising efficacy in inhibiting the growth of colon carcinoma, thereby demonstrating potential as an anticancer agent. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of action against cancer, a comprehensive investigation involving DNA binding analysis and a series of assays to evaluate the inhibitory potential of compound C1 against key proteins involved in cancer metabolism were conducted. The significant inhibitory potential of C1 towards Bcl-2, Ki-67, and CDK-4 was determined. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism behind the anticancer properties and to assess the inhibition of various proteins involved in different metabolic pathways of C1, molecular docking simulations were conducted. The investigation revealed that the observed lack of similarity between the experimental outcomes and the inhibition of Bcl-2 and CDK-4 by C1 and 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole (L1) suggests that the metabolic pathways involving these proteins do not contribute to the anticancer properties of C1. The observed correlation between the inhibition of Ki-67 and the experimental outcomes was found to be significant. The inhibition of Ki-67 in cell cycle regulation is a promising approach to the development of anticancer drugs. Further research is required to explore the potential application of C1 as a Ki-67 inhibitor.
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Y.AL-BAITAI, Asmaa, Farah M.IBRAHIM, and Madeeha H. MAHMOOD. "ATOMISTIC SIMULATION STUDY ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION BY SOME PHTHALIMIDE DERIVATIVES." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-11.

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In this study, we used both the semi empirical PM3 and the molecular dynamics simulation methods based on the density functional theory to pursue an accurate description of the corrosion inhibition behavior of some phthalimide derivatives on the copper in the nitric acid solution which have been studied previously by another researchers work, via determine the relationship between the molecular structure of phthalimide derivatives and inhibition efficiency. Experimental work by using the weight loss method and polarization techniques suggests that these derivatives can be used a inhibitor. First, We have modeled these three derivatives using the PM3 and DFT to get the most stable structure to describe the electronic parameters which are allied with inhibition efficiency such as the 𝐸Homo, E LUMO, the charge distribution, absolute electronegativity (v) values. However, the theoretical study was in agreement with previous experimental stud, by considering that all these derivatives can be used as inhibitor
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Amabuo, Collins, Virtue Urunwo Wachikwu-Elechi, and Sunday Sunday Ikiensikimama. "Corrosion Inhibition Using Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract for Mild Steel in an Acidic Medium." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221765-ms.

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Abstract One significant problem constantly associated with the oil and gas production system is corrosion. As water is an integral part of this system, corrosion among the piping is inevitable. Corrosion tends to disintegrate the piping substance, making it fragile and easy to rupture. The disintegrated parts of the piping could block the system, causing a decline in pressure and contaminating the fluid. Essentially, industries use inhibitors to retard corrosion, and generally, these inhibitors are toxic and exhibit carcinogenic properties. However, these vital inhibitors are still being used in small quantities due to probably non-availability or Sufficient, natural-based corrosion inhibitors. Accordingly, the current study describes the potential of using Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract as a potential natural corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), an acidic medium with a molarity of 12.178M diluted with distilled water. The method of assessment used in this study is the Weight Loss Method. The effectiveness of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract was characterized in terms of metal weight loss and inhibitory efficiency compared to the Conventional inhibitor Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate. Results showed the optimum inhibition efficiency (IE) for mild steel using the same volumes and concentrations for the natural and conventional corrosion inhibitors: 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5g/L. The inhibition efficiency of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis was higher than the Disodium hydrogen Phosphate at concentrations of 0.3g/L, 0.6g/L, 0.9g/L, and 1.2g/L, 1.5g/L. At the same time, after the analysis during the 14-day interval. The commercial inhibitor performed the least in all the concentrations. Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis and Disodium hydrogen Phosphate attained a maximum inhibition efficiency of 93.72% and 39.24%, respectively, during the 14 days. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and decreased with immersion time. In addition, the inhibition efficiency shows that the Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extract is more effective after 14 days in the different contractions and volumes. The natural inhibitor performed far better than the conventional inhibitor (Disodium hydrogen Phosphate) used to test.
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Michael, Omokafe Seun, Esther Oluwafunmike Aduloju, and Thompson Arakaseun. "Experimental Evaluation of Unpreprocessed-Expired Paracetamol Drugs as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid." In 2023 School of Engineering and Engineering Technology Annual Conference. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ry1luu.

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The widespread corrosion of critical oil and gas infrastructure requires development of innovative and environmentally sustainable solutions. This research considers the repurposing of hitherto un-useful expired drugs to meet this challenge and to do so in ways that also puts stop to the menacing and illegal circulation of expired pharmaceuticals in developing economies. The corrosion inhibitory potential of expired paracetamol was evaluated for mild steel in acidic environment. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the corrosion current decreased from for the mild steel immersed in the blank/uninhibited 0.5M HCl environment to in the case of the sample in the 8g/l environment. The concentration of dissolved ions of iron in the acidic environment also followed this trend supported by the results obtained from the gravimetric analysis. Optical microscopy showed gradual covering of the corroding surface by a layer of inhibitor film with increasing concentration of the additive in the acidic environment. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the expired drug, reaching a maximum of 73.24% for 8.0 mM of expired paracetamol directly dissolved in the acid. Expired paracetamol acted as a mixed-type inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5M HCl and the corrosion inhibition process was spontaneous. All analyses agreed that expired paracetamol drug is capable of inhibiting corrosion of mild steel in HCl and that the corrosion inhibition is achievable without prior pretreatment. The research is fundamental as it attempts to lay some groundwork for further research towards developing viable and marketable product from this category of materials.
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Reports on the topic "Inhibition"

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Been, Lu, and King. 3DWXATZ Inhibitive Effect of Organics on Near-neutral pH SCC. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011184.

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The objectives of the current project are to confirm the earlier observation of an inhibitive effect of organic soils on the stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels and to determine the mechanism of this inhibition.� Identification of an inhibitor for near-neutral pH SCC that may be naturally present in some locations could perhaps be deliberately added in other locations.
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Lance, Richard, and Xin Guan. Variation in inhibitor effects on qPCR assays and implications for eDNA surveys. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41740.

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Aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are sometimes impacted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. We tested varying concentrations of different inhibitors (humic, phytic, and tannic acids; crude leaf extracts) for impacts on quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays designed for eDNA surveys of bighead and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). We also tested for inhibition by high concentrations of exogenous DNA, hypothesizing that DNA from increasingly closely related species would be increasingly inhibitory. All tested inhibitors impacted qPCR, though only at very high concentrations — likely a function, in part, of having used an inhibitor-resistant qPCR solution. Closer phylogenetic relatedness resulted in inhibition at lower exogenous DNA concentrations, but not at relatively close phylogenetic scales. Inhibition was also influenced by the qPCR reporter dye used. Importantly, different qPCR assays responded differently to the same inhibitor concentrations. Implications of these results are that the inclusion of more than one assay for the same target taxa in an eDNA survey may be an important countermeasure against false negatives and that internal positive controls may not, in the absence of efforts to maximize inhibition compatibility, provide useful information about the inhibition of an eDNA assay.
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Palazzo, Antonio J., Timothy J. Cary, Susan E. Hardy, and Joyce A. Nagle. Frost Inhibition on Turfgrass. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362232.

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Ortiz-Acosta, Denisse. Sylgard? Cure Inhibition Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053123.

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Friedman, Haya, Chris Watkins, Susan Lurie, and Susheng Gan. Dark-induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Inhibition by Gibberellins: Towards Inhibition of Postharvest Senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7613883.bard.

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Dark-induced senescence could pose a major problem in export of various crops including cuttings. The assumption of this work was that ROS which is increased at a specific organelle can serve as a signal for activation of cell senescence program. Hormones which reduce senescence in several crops like gibberellic acid (GA) and possibly cytokinin (CK) may reduce senescence by inhibiting this signal. In this study we worked on Pelargonium cuttings as well as Arabidopsis rosette. In Pelargonium the increase in ROS occurred concomitantly with increase in two SAGs, and the increase persisted in isolated chloroplasts. In Arabidopsis we used two recentlydeveloped technologies to examine these hypotheses; one is a transcriptome approach which, on one hand, enabled to monitor expression of genes within the antioxidants network, and on the other hand, determine organelle-specific ROS-related transcriptome footprint. This last approach was further developed to an assay (so called ROSmeter) for determination of the ROS-footprint resulting from defined ROS stresses. The second approach involved the monitoring of changes in the redox poise in different organelles by measuring fluorescence ratio of redox-sensitive GFP (roGFP) directed to plastids, mitochondria, peroxisome and cytoplasm. By using the roGFP we determined that the mitochondria environment is oxidized as early as the first day under darkness, and this is followed by oxidation of the peroxisome on the second day and the cytoplast on the third day. The plastids became less oxidized at the first day of darkness and this was followed by a gradual increase in oxidation. The results with the ROS-related transcriptome footprint showed early changes in ROS-related transcriptome footprint emanating from mitochondria and peroxisomes. Taken together these results suggest that the first ROS-related change occurred in mitochondria and peroxisomes. The analysis of antioxidative gene’s network did not yield any clear results about the changes occurring in antioxidative status during extended darkness. Nevertheless, there is a reduction in expression of many of the plastids antioxidative related genes. This may explain a later increase in the oxidation poise of the plastids, occurring concomitantly with increase in cell death. Gibberellic acid (GA) prevented senescence in Pelargonium leaves; however, in Arabidopsis it did not prevent chlorophyll degradation, but prevented upregulation of SAGs (Apendix Fig. 1). Gibberellic acid prevented in Pelargonium the increase in ROS in chloroplast, and we suggested that this prevents the destruction of the chloroplasts and hence, the tissue remains green. In Arabidopsis, reduction in endogenous GA and BA are probably not causing dark-induced senescence, nevertheless, these materials have some effect at preventing senescence. Neither GA nor CK had any effect on transcriptome footprint related to ROS in the various organelles, however while GA reduced expression of few general ROS-related genes, BA mainly prevented the decrease in chloroplasts genes. Taken together, GA and BA act by different pathways to inhibit senescence and GA might act via ROS reduction. Therefore, application of both hormones may act synergistically to prevent darkinduced senescence of various crops.
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Beavers, Gui, and Sridhar. PR-186-073508-R01 Environmental and Stress Factors that Produce SCC in Existing Ethanol Facilities. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010441.

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The potential exists for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel pipelines transporting fuel grade ethanol (FGE) and FGE- gasoline blends. The objective of SCC 4-3 Phase 2 was determine if inhibitors are effective in preventing SCC growth under more realistic field conditions than those found in the slow strain rate (SSR) tests performed previously. The results of the research demonstrated that: 1. Un-notched SSR test results generally correlated well with the results of the crack growth tests using precracked CT specimens, although the latter test technique was somewhat more aggressive. 2. The notched SSR test technique was so aggressive that it was not useful for screening SCC inhibitors. 3. E-50, prepared with a simulated FGE was consistently more potent as a cracking agent than SFGE. 4. Some commercial inhibitors were effective in inhibiting ethanol SCC under many of the test conditions. 5. The commercial inhibitors, in general, were less effective in E-50 than in SFGE. 6. Ammonium hydroxide, at a relatively low concentration, was by far the most effective inhibitor evaluated. 7. For one commercial inhibitor, a higher concentration was needed to inhibit SCC in one lot of corn based FGE than in SFGE. 8. Water inhibited, but did not completely arrest, SCC in the crack growth tests in SFGE. 9. Sustained crack growth was observed in SFGE in which no chloride was added. 10. Evidence of loss of inhibition, at low concentrations, was observed in an inhibition scheme for batching of FGE with gasoline in which a high initial dose, followed by a low maintenance dose was used.
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Nassar, Nicolas. Inhibition of Ras Signaling in Neurofibromitosis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada542267.

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Wynne, Kenneth J., and Arnost Reiser. Dissolution Inhibition in Positive Novolak Resists. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251347.

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Hecht, Sidney M. Inhibition of Malarial DNA Polymerase Alpha. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb151470.

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Venkataramani, Ravichandran N., and Ronen Marmorstein. Structural Basis of CDK4 Inhibition by p18ink4c. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada395052.

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