Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inhibiteurs de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase'
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Cosi, Cristina. "Rôle de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase dans la neurodégénérescence et de ses inhibiteurs en tant qu'agents neuroprotecteurs potentiels." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30132.
Full textGuillot, Clément. "Potentiel des inhibiteurs de poly(ADP-ribose) polymérases seuls ou en combinaison avec la radiothérapie comme nouvelle option thérapeutique pour le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10281.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma is the third cause of cancer related death. Due its often late diagnosis and advanced stage, a limited number of patients can benefit from curative treatments. There is thus a constant need for new treatment strategies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Targeting DNA repair pathways to sensitize tumor cells to chemoor radiotherapeutic treatments is now a common strategy under investigation for cancer treatment with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) showing great potential. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of PARP inhibitors alone and in combination with radiation therapy as a new strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. We first analyzed the expression and activity of different PARP genes in a panel of liver cancer cell lines and primary human hepatocytes as well as their DNA repair capacity and assess the impact of PARP inhibitors alone and in combination with ionizing radiation in these models on cell survival. A large range in expression of PARP family members, PARP activity and sensitivity to ABT-888 in the panel of liver cells was observed as well as differential excision/synthesis repair capacity. Finally, we showed that ABT-888 sensitizes liver cancer cells to the cell killing effects of ionizing radiation. PARP inhibitors show great potential for improving radiation therapy strategies used in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Fernet, Marie. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la réponse cellulaire précoce aux radiations ionisantes." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T063.
Full textMorice, Pierre-Marie. "Evaluation de la déficience de la recombinaison homologue et de la réponse des tumeurs ovariennes aux inhibiteurs de PARP grâce à l'utilisation de modèles de culture 3D en vue du développement d'un test prédictif Identifying eligible patients to PARP inhibitors: from NGS-based tests to promising 3D functional assays Automated scoring for assessment of RAD51-mediated homologous recombination in patient-derived tumor organoids of ovarian cancers Risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia related to PARP inhibitors: a combined approach using a safety meta-analysis of placebo randomized controlled trials and the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database The long non-coding RNA ‘UCA1’ modulates the response to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer through direct binding to miR-27a-5p and control of UBE2N levels." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC414.
Full textWorldwide each year, more than 150 000 women die from epithelial ovarian cancer largely due to emergence of resistance to chemotherapy. Approximately half of these cancers display molecular alterations that cause deficiency of DNA repair via homologous recombination (HRD), which confer sensitivity to PARP protein inhibitors (PARPi). To date, there is no test capable of fully identifying the HRD phenotype, thus limiting access to these treatments. In this context, we are developing functional assays based on the use of tumor explant slices and then, on the use of tumor organoids derived from ovarian tumors of chemotherapy-naive or previously treated patients. The culture of explants was unsuitable for this application and we then focused our work on tumor organoids. Tumor organoids were exposed to carboplatin (first-line treatment) and two PARP inhibitors (olaparib and niraparib) used for maintenance therapy. In parallel, we collected clinical data from patients (survival, platinum-free interval, RECIST, treatments) to evaluate the predictive potential of these models. The established tumor organoids responded heterogeneously to different drugs, and our results show that the organoid-based assay is capable of identifying patients highly resistant to carboplatin, suggesting that this functional assay could have a predictive value for patients treated with carboplatin. Regarding the potential of organoids in predicting PARPi response, multiple sensitivity profiles have been identified, but the correlation with clinical response has yet to be determined by studies conducted on tumor samples from patients treated with these drugs
Noel, Georges. "Effets d'un inhibiteur de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase 1 (PARP-1) sur la réparation des cassures double-brin de l'ADN et la létalité cellulaire radio-induite en phase S." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T082.
Full textThorel, Lucie. "Utilisatiοn de tests fοnctiοnnels pοur la prédictiοn de la répοnse des cancers οvariens à la chimiοthérapie cοnventiοnnelle et aux inhibiteurs de ΡARΡ : intérêt des οrganοides tumοraux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC416.
Full textOvarian cancers are the second leading cause of death from gynecological cancers worldwide, primarily due to late diagnosis combined with the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Approximately half of these cancers exhibit alterations in homologous recombination (HR), making them sensitive to PARP protein inhibitors (PARPi), which are involved in DNA repair. However, identifying patients who respond to chemotherapy and selecting those eligible for PARPi remains a challenge for clinicians. In this context, the use of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTO) for predictive functional testing represents a promising approach to guide therapeutic choices in first-line treatment and beyond. The aim of this thesis is to study the feasibility of functional tests based on PDTO to evaluate their potential applicability in precision medicine. Establishing a panel of PDTO derived from various ovarian histological subtypes has demonstrated that these models recapitulate the histological and molecular characteristics of their tumors of origin. Following direct exposure functional tests of the tumor organoids to first- and second-line treatments, we showed that these models exhibit heterogeneous responses to treatments, and particularly that PDTO identified by the predictive test as sensitive to carboplatin mainly originated from responding patients. Additionally, we investigated the results of a functional test assessing HR status, the RECAP test, and demonstrated that this test is complementary to the current method for determining HR status, which relies on NGS sequencing techniques. Although larger-scale investigations are needed to confirm the potential of tumor organoids, these results provide further support for the use of ovarian tumor organoids in the context of precision medicine
Morel, Daphné. "Identifying Synthetic Lethal and Selective Approaches to Target PBRM1-Deficiency in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma PBRM1 Deficiency in Cancer is Synthetic Lethal with DNA Repair Inhibitors Exploiting Epigenetic Vulnerabilities in Solid Tumors: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities in the Treatment of SWI/SNF-Defective Cancers Combining Epigenetic Drugs with other Therapies for Solid Tumours — Past Lessons and Future Promise Targeting Chromatin Defects in Selected Solid Tumors Based on Oncogene Addiction, Synthetic Lethality and Epigenetic Antagonism." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL017.
Full textPolybromo-1 (PBRM1) inactivation occurs in multiple malignancies and is of particular importance in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC), as it drives 40 to 50% of cases. Currently, no precision-medicine approach uses PBRM1 deficiency to specifically target tumour cells. To uncover novel synthetic lethal approaches to treat PBRM1-defective cancers, we performed (i) a high-throughput pharmacological screening, evaluating the sensitivity to 167 small molecules in a PBRM1-isogenic cellular model, and the (ii) systematic mapping of the whole transcriptomic and proteomic profiles associated with PBRM1 loss-of-function within this model. We further investigated the mechanism underlying this synthetic lethal relationship.We identified and validated synthetic lethal effects between PBRM1 loss and both PARP and ATR inhibition. Combinatorial use of PARP with ATR inhibitors exerted additive cytotoxic effects in PBRM1-defective tumor cells. These synthetic lethal relationships were characterized by a pre-existing replication stress in PBRM1-deficient cells associated with mitosis and DNA damage repair abnormalities, which were exacerbated upon PARP inhibition selectively in PBRM1-defective cells.These data provide the preclinical basis for evaluating PARP inhibitors as a monotherapy or in combination in patients with PBRM1-deficient ccRCC
Moreel, Xavier. "Proteomique fonctionnelle des poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerases." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27251/27251.pdf.
Full textToledano, Elie. "Régulation de la poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymérase par le phosphoadénosine phosphate." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066597.
Full textIsabelle, Maxim. "Interactome des intervenants dans le métbolisme du poly(ADP-ribose)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24171.
Full textD'Amours, Damien. "Protéolyse de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase par les protéases apoptotiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26184.pdf.
Full textTedim, Ferreira Maria. "Proteomics of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases during DNA Replication and Repair." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37991.
Full textIn 2017, Statistics Canada reported that one out of four Canadians will die of cancer. Every day, we face environmental factors that burden our DNA with genotoxic stress. This stress can lead to severe types of DNA damage that can threaten our genomic integrity, namely double-strand breaks (DSBs). Fortunately, our cells have evolved with different repair mechanisms to deal with such lesions. There are two primary types of repair against DSBs: Homologous Recombination (HR) and Classical Non-Homologous End-Joining (CNHEJ). The HR pathway is an error-free repair mechanism used in the S-phase of the cell cycle to ensure faithful repair of the damaged area and thus preserve our genetic information. Individuals that bear mutations in proteins involved in this pathway, such as BRCA1 and BCRA2, have been associated with the development of breast and ovarian cancers. Almost 4 years ago, the field went through a major breakthrough in ovarian cancer care. A new class of drugs was accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to manage recurrent ovarian cancers that display HR-deficiencies. These drugs consist of inhibitor molecules against one of the earliest sensors of DNA damage in the cell: PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1). Upon DNA damage induction, PARP-1 becomes highly activated, leading to the massive production of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers, from the hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which in turn modify several proteins posttranslationally and act as a scaffold to recruit DNA repair factors to the repair site. The successful application of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) arose from the observations that mutations or silencing of BRCA1/2, resulted in diminished HR activity. In the context of HR deficiency, the concomitant inhibition of PARP resulted in cell-death, an effect called synthetic lethality. Three PARPi are currently accepted by the FDA and are being clinically used for the treatment of gynaecological cancers. Notwithstanding the great promise of these inhibitors for other types of cancers, the mechanism by which these are inducing cancer lethality is not fully understood. Thus, it becomes of extreme importance to further decipher its mechanistic ways, to achieve full potential of PARPi in the clinic. To achieve this, fundamental research on the functions of PARPs and their protein partners in the DNA damage response is indispensable and constitutes the general aim of this thesis. During my doctoral work, we investigated the influence of PARP-1 during the HR pathway, primarily during the initial step of resection, which is essential for the removal of damaged DNA. Early reports of PARP-1 involvement in resection described the recruitment of the resection protein MRE11 to sites of damage in a PARP-1 dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate that PARP-1 has a novel function in DSB resection and we propose a new model for the synthetic lethality observed in HR-deficient tumors. To further complement the general aim of this doctorate, we investigated the regulatory roles of PARP-1 during the HR pathway, however in a later stage of HR resolution, at the peak formation of RAD51 foci, which is a crucial step for the efficient repair of DSBs through HR. We observed that the PAR-interactome (PARylome) at this stage was abundantly enriched with RNA-processing factors. Several of the most abundant proteins consisted of DNA and RNA helicases, as well as transcription factors, some of which were found to be mutated in tumors, and thus can be seen as potentially druggable targets to be used in combination with PARPi. We also extended our PARylome study to the chromatin proteome and investigated the histone PARylome upon DNA damage. Interestingly, we found that histone tails are not the only targets of PARP-1 and that globular domains are also targets of PARylation. Lastly, the high clinical interest of PARP-1 warrants studies addressing PARP-1 organ distribution. Thus, I finalized my studies by extensively describing and reporting PARP-1 tissular and cellular distribution and abundance in monkey organs, with the main objective of providing valuable information to any study assessing PARP inhibition efficacy and resistance in any given tissue and related diseases. In summary, this thesis provides important new information on the mechanisms PARP-1 is regulating during the response to DSBs, including the networks PARP-1 is orchestrating to potentially help reshape the cell environment, to efficiently repair the most lethal lesion our genome faces.
Gagné, Jean-Philippe. "APPROCHES PROTÉOMIQUES APPLIQUÉES À L'ÉTUDE DE LA POLY(ADP-RIBOSYL)ATION." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26215/26215.pdf.
Full textQuénet, Delphine. "Rôles fonctionnels des Poly(ADP-ribose)polymérases -1, -2 et de leur activité dans le contrôle épigénétique de la prolifération et de la différenciation cellulaire." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6112.
Full textPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins catalyzed by Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (Parps), a large family of 17 proteins. To determine the in vivo functions of Parp1 and Parp2, Parp1-/- and Parp2-/- mice were generated and revealed both redundant and more specific functions of both Parps in genome integrity. More recently, the lab identified male hypofertility in Parp2 deficient mice associated with impaired spermatogenesis and defects in both meiosis and spermiogenesis (differentiation of spermatids to spermatozoa). To further investigate the function of Parp2 in germ cell differentiation, we performed electronic microscopy studies in Parp2-/-spermatids and identified a delay in chromatin condensation that can be explained by an impaired replacement of histones by transition proteins (TP1 and TP2). Using in vitro and ex vivo binding assays, we identified a protein complex containing Parp2, Parp1, TP2 and its chaperon HSPA2 that is regulated by Parp1 activity. Our work suggests a role of this complex and Parp activity in chromatin structure during spermiogenesis. The identification of Parp2 specific partners by mass spectrometry revealed an interaction of Parp2 with the transcriptional intermediary factor TIF1! which presents functional similarities with Parp2. Using biochemical, molecular and cellular approaches, we identified a physical and functional interaction between Parp1 and Parp2 with TIF1! and HP1 heterochromatic structural proteins which is required for the differentiation of F9 cells into primitive and parietal endoderm like cells. Whereas Parp2 and its activity are necessary for the differentiation of F9 cells into primitive endoderm like cells by targeting TIF1! to heterochromatic foci, Parp1 and its activity regulate TIF1!–HP1" interaction and control the terminal F9 differentiation into parietal endoderm like cells. Altogether our results describe the involvement of Parp2, Parp1 and Parp activity in the control of pericentric heterochromatin structure through the regulation of the HP1 mediated silencing subcode. In order to highlight the role of both Parps in the pericentric heterochromatin structure, we currently analyze its dynamic during DNA replication. We identify an involvement of Parp1, Parp2 and their activity in S phase progression, when pericentric heterochromatin is replicated. Protein-protein interaction studies with two major chromatin binding proteins : HP1s chaperon CAF-1 and Dnmt1 (DNA methyl-transferase 1) partner Np95 were also initiated. Our first results show the requirement of Parp2 and its activity in CAF-1 recruitment onto pericentric heterochromatin replication foci. In contrast, the relocation of Np95 to these foci is not affected by the absence of Parps or their activities. Finally, we show that Parp1 interacts and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates Np95 on its SRA domain, which is required for hemi-methylated DNA binding
Purohit, Nupur. "Roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the ultraviolet radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70364.
Full textThe exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is essential to life and beneficial to human health. However, an overexposure to terrestrial solar UV, especially its most energetic component UVB, can cause skin cancers including the non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in humans. The NMSC initiating properties of UVB arise predominantly from their ability to cause direct DNA damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and 6-4photoproducts (6-4PP), which are repaired via nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. The increased incidence of NMSC in patients with hereditary defects in NER pathway proteins underscores the importance of efficient NER in humans. Therefore, detailed understanding of the molecular operation of NER pathway can provide novel therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of skin cancers. One of the earliest responses of the mammalian skin cells to UVB-induced CPD or 6-4PP is the activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), which catalyzes the formation of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR). The previous work from other teams and our laboratory have shown that PARP1 and its enzymatic activity facilitate NER in collaboration with UV-damaged DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2), which also rapidly accumulates at the CPD/6-4PP site during the DNA damage recognition stage of NER. However, many aspects of interaction of PARP1 with DDB2 and direct DNA damage are not understood. Therefore, the first aim of my doctoral project was to characterize the precise nature of binding of PARP1 vis-à-vis DDB2 at UV-induced CPD/6-4PP. My doctoral research demonstrates that PARP1 casts asymmetric footprint from −12 to +9 nucleotides on either side of the CPD/6-4PP in presence or absence of DDB2. We also demonstrated that PARP1 facilitates the binding of DDB2 to CPD/6-4PP. Moreover, our study reports DDB2-independent role of PARP1 during the DNA damage recognition phase in NER. Targeting the role of PARP1 in DNA strand break repair pathways has emerged as one of the successful strategies for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers in last decade. Consequently, the ultimate translational goal of my doctoral project was to understand the implication of NER facilitating role of PARP1 in NMSC. In this regard, we first developed a PARP1-KO model in the albino hairless SKH-1 mouse strain, which is a widely adopted mouse model to study UVB-induced NMSC. Since SKH-1 mice mainly develop cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) upon chronic UVB-exposure, our present study reports the role of PARP1 in development of SCC. Using the newly developed PARP1-KO and PARP1-WT SKH-1 mice with or without topical application of PARP inhibitor, we report that the absence of PARP1 or its activity in skin of both male and female SKH-1 mice significantly reduces the SCC tumor burden and prolongs the tumor latency period. The analyses of appearance and growth of individual tumors on a weekly basis during this protocol also revealed that targeting of PARP1 was most effective in suppressing the premalignant stage of the SCC development. Our results are surprising in light of the reported onco-suppressive property of PARP1 and its catalytic activity in alkylating DNA damage-induced tumorigenesis and the increased susceptibility of other NER protein knock-out mice to UVB-induced SCC. We reason that the roles of PARP1 in UVB-induced cellular processes other than NER, such as cell death and immune modulations, can account for our observation. While further studies are required to understand these roles of PARP1 in UVB-induced cellular processes, our study underscores the potential for use of PARP inhibitors as a novel chemopreventive agents against UVB-induced SCC.
Tardif, Maxime. "Analyses biochimique et protéomique de la poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27718/27718.pdf.
Full textCroset, Amélie. "Identification et caractérisation des mécanismes d'action des molécules appats, les SiDNA, dans l'inhibition des voies de réparation des cassures simple-brin." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T018.
Full textMost conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, are cytotoxic and cause DNA damages in the tumoral treated cells, which ultimately lead to their death. However, several intrinsic and acquired resistances of tumors to these treatments are due to the tumor efficient DNA repair activities. One of the major early steps of DNA repair is the recruitment of repair proteins at the damage site and this is coordinated by a cascade of modifications controlled by sensor proteins such as DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and/or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In this manuscript, we identify and characterize the mechanism of action of short interfering DNA molecules (siDNA), mimicking double-strand breaks (called Dbait) or single-strand breaks (called Pbait) in Single Strand Break Repair pathway (SSBR/BER) inhibition. We demonstrate that Dbait bound and induced both PARP and DNA-PK activities, whereas Pbait acts only on PARP. The comparative study of the two molecules allows analysis of the respective roles of the two signaling pathways: both molecules recruit proteins involved in single-strand break repair (such as PARP, XRCC1 and PCNA) and prevent their recruitment at chromosomal damage. Dbait, but not Pbait, also inhibits recruitment of proteins involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair. By these ways, Pbait and Dbait disorganized DNA repair, thereby sensitizing cells to treatments. SSB repair inhibition depends upon a direct trapping of the main proteins on both molecules and an indirect trapping in PAR polymers. DSB repair inhibition may be indirect, resulting from the phosphorylation of DSB repair proteins by activated DNA-PK. The DNA repair inhibition by both molecules is confirmed by their synthetic lethality with BRCA mutations tumoral cell lines. However, BRCA mutation could be sufficient but not necessary to induce breast cancer cell lines and tumors sensitivity to Dbait treatment. In fact, we demonstrate that Dbait molecules could also have a stand-alone effect in BRCA wild type cells with a high genetic instability. We found a correlation between DNA repair proteins basal level (ɣH2AX, PARP and PAR), DNA break basal level, presence of micronucleus (MN) and tumoral cell lines sensitivity to Dbait treatment. We hypothesis that this genetic instability, determined by MN in tumor biopsies, could be a predictive biomarker of Dbait stand-alone effect, not only in breast cancer treatment, but also in glioblastoma, melanoma, uveal melanoma and colon cancer treatment
Kandan-Kulangara, Febitha. "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and RNA interference (RNAI) during cell death." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25972.
Full textMichels, Judith. "Les inhibiteurs de PARP dans le traitement des cancers chimio-résistants : étude pré-clinique sur la dépendance à PARP." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T049/document.
Full textIntroduction Driven by the facts that non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide and that NSCLC patients often develop resistance against Cisplatin (CDDP)-based therapies, we addressed the question of the combination therapy of CDDP with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors. Inhibitors of PARP have raised great expectations for the treatment of a variety of cancers, either as monotherapeutic agent against DNA repair-deficient tumours or combined to DNA-damaging compounds.Material and methods We generated nine CDDP-resistant clones by prolonged exposure to low dose CDDP of the A549 NSCLC parental cell line. Two distinct PARP inhibitors, CEP8983 (CEP) and PJ34 (PJ) as well as PARP1 knockdown with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used for PARP inhibition. Apoptosis was measured by the simultaneous assessment for the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (m) and the breakdown of the plasma membrane using the m-sensitive fluorochrome DiOC6(3) and the vital dye propidium iodide, respectively. Moreover clonogenic survival was assessed. In vitro assessments of the enzymatic activity of cells were based on the reduction of the colorless tetrazolium salt. Immunofluorescence microscopy determinations were performed with antibodies specific for DNA damage (γH2AX), intrinsic apoptosis (cleaved Caspase-3 and cytochrome c), and homologous recombination (RAD51 and BRCA1). Immunoblotting was assed for PARP1 expression and activity (PAR) and base excision repair (BER) effectors (XRCC1 and polymerase β). We developed an immunohistochemical staining method that specifically detects PAR on paraffin-embedded cell pellets and tissue sections.Results We found that PARP inhibitors and PARP1 siRNAs synergized with CDDP in the killing of NSCLC cells in vitro. Unexpectedly, CDDP-resistant NSCLC cell clones developed addiction to PARP hyperactivation, thereby becoming susceptible to apoptosis induction by PARP inhibition. We showed that these cisplatin-resistant clones, exhibited high PARP protein levels and increased PARP activity, leading to an increased poly-ADP ribosylation of cellular proteins, as compared to their parental, cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. These cisplatin-resistant cells become susceptible to cell death as induced by PARP inhibition, correlating with the hyperactivity of PARP (elevated PAR levels) more accuratly than with the overexpression of PARP. Suggesting that PAR levels may constitute a more accurate biomarker than PARP to predict the sensitivity of cells to PARP inhibition. We expanded the observation that cisplatin resistance causes PARP upregulation and hyperactivation and subsequent sensitization to PARP inhibition to additional five human cancer cell lines including two NSCLC (H1650 and H460), one mesothelioma (P31), one ovarian (TOV112D) and one cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line. To get further insight into this issue, we generated in vivo experiments. Tumors derived from CDDP-resistant cells were characterized by elevated levels of PAR suggesting that PAR levels are preserved during tumor formation. Those PAR-overexpressing tumors responded to the administration of PJ in vivo with a consistent reduction in PAR immunoreactivity. CDDP resistant clones that are specifically killed by PARP inhibitors assessed efficient homologous recombination repair however deficient BER elongation.Conclusion We showed a beneficial effect for the association therapy of PARP inhibitors with CDDP in several NSCLC cell lines. We have identified an addiction to PARP in CDDP resistant cell lines with deficient BER elongation. We postulate that PAR is a specific predictive biomarker for the response to PARP inhibitors
Bergeron, Marie-Josée. "Étude des facteurs transactifs modulant l'expression du gène de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase chez le rat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25275.pdf.
Full textDuriez, Patrick. "Étude de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase en association avec l'activation des protéases au cours de l'apoptose." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36264.pdf.
Full textRichard, Véronique. "Ciblage thérapeutique de la poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymérase-1 (PARP-1) dans le traitement du cancer carcinoïde." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28112/28112.pdf.
Full textBesson, Valérie. "Inhibition de la poly(ADP-Ribose) polymérase : une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour le traitement du trauma cérébral?" Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P604.
Full textThe aim of this work was to evaluate if poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for traumatic brain injury (TBI), as excessive activation of this enzyme by oxidative stress (OS) induces cell death by energetic depletion. A cerebral OS in vivo leads to nitrosative stress and PARP activation. 3?aminobenzamide (3AB), a PARP inhibitor, reduces the lesion and PARP activation, showing the deleterious role of this enzyme in cell death induced by cerebral OS. TBI caused by fluid percussion leads to nitrosative stress and PARP activation. 3AB reduces the neurological deficit, the lesion and PARP activation. Two PARP inhibitors more potent than 3AB, PJ34 and INO-1001 reduce the deficit, the PARP activation without affecting the brain lesion. In conclusion, our work shows that PARP is involved in the pathogenesis of TBI and may be a promising therapeutic target for brain trauma. However, complementary studies are needed to evaluate which PARP isoforms to inhibit
Lechaftois, Marie. "Rôle de la poly(ADP-ribose)polymérase dans l'activation et l'agrégation plaquettaires à la suite d'une ischémie cérébrale." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P622/document.
Full textStroke is the 3rd leading cause of death in industrialized countries and 80% are ischemic. The recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is currently the only available treatment but its use remains very limited due to a narrow therapeutic window and an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). After ischemic stroke, the key vascular objectives of clinicians are : (1) to reperfuse ischemic tissue, (2) to avoid both HT and (3) early or late reocclusions. Our laboratory previously established that after cerebral ischemia (CI), the overactivation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), a nuclear enzyme, is (1) neurotoxic and (2) contributes to spontaneous or rt-PA-induced HT. Moreover, studies suggest that PARP inhibitors could also reduce the risk of reocclusion by inhibiting platelet activation/aggregation via two mechanisms : (1) one is "PARP-independent" and linked to a structural analogy of certain PARP inhibitors with platelet agonists such as ADP, and (2) the second one is "PARP-dependent" and due to their anti-inflammatory effect. However, so far, there is no data in CI.In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of several PARP inhibitors on platelet activation and aggregation. In particular, it appeared necessary to examine whether the reduction of HT by PARP inhibitors could be related, at least in part, to a pro-aggregatory activity, which would then compromise their association with rt-PA. By contrast, an anti-aggregatory activity could improve reperfusion or reduce the risk of reocclusion, although it would also contribute to hemorrhage. In the 1st part, our results show that, in vitro, two PARP inhibitors (PJ34 and minocycline) are antiplatelet agents and that this effect is "PARP-independent" since two other PARP inhibitors, 3-aminobenzamide and INO-1001 did not alter the aggregation. Moreover, in human blood but not in murine one, PJ34 exerts an anti-aggregatory effect which may be related to the antagonism of the ADP receptor P2Y12. The 2nd part was performed on in vivo models in mice. The use of three tests of platelet function exploration (bleeding time and models of pulmonary thromboembolism and FeCl3-induced carotid thrombosis) showed no effect of minocycline and PJ34 on platelet function and in particular, no pro-aggregatory effect which may explain the reduction of HT. In a thrombosis model of the middle cerebral artery by FeCl3, PJ34 does not impede the thrombolysis induced by rt-PA, but even tends to improve it. Meanwhile, in a CI model in mice, our work shows an increase of platelet adhesion and ICAM-1 expression in the brain. The next step will be to investigate whether PARP inhibitors could reduce reocclusions by protecting the vascular wall. All this work is part of a broader topic of our laboratory aims to identify the interest of combining a PARP inhibitor with rt-PA for a better management of post-ischemic thrombolysis
Petrilli, Virginie. "Rôle de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase-1 et de son clivage dans la mort cellulaire et l'inflammation." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10199.
Full textSallmann, Frédéric. "La poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase dans la mort cellulaire et la réparation de l'ADN par excision de bases." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0006/NQ43112.pdf.
Full textWhite, Charles. "C. Elegans : un nouveau modèle d'étude des fonctions nucléaires des tankyrases." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24978/24978.pdf.
Full textRobu, Mihaela. "Rôle de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase-1 (PARP-1)dans la réparation de l'ADN par excision de nucléotides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27406/27406.pdf.
Full textCho, Angelo Hanbum. "Évaluation de mécanismes potentiellement impliqués dans les lésions de la substance blanche après un traumatisme crânien : un rôle pour la Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymérase ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05P601/document.
Full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability for which there is no neuroprotective treatment up to date. It results in neuroinflammation that may participate in lasting motor and cognitive impairments accompanied by changes in white matter (WM) tracts. WM lesions, evidenced by demyelination, are associated with neurological disorders and in clinical studies are common consequences in patients with chronic TBI. Several studies suggest a contribution of an overactivation of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) to the neuroinflammatory response which may lead to demyelination. The first part of this study was dedicated to a detailed in vivo assessment of the evolution over time of neurological disorders, cerebral lesion and edema, neuroinflammation and white matter injury induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) between 6 hours and 12 weeks post-TBI. Notably in the corpus callosum, a significant demyelination starting at 7 days appeared to be a major consequence to post-traumatic neuroinflammation associated with motor dysfunctions. The second part of this study was dedicated to the evaluation of PARP’s role in WM lesions post-TBI, using PARP knockout (KO) mice. Our main findings reveal a diminished demyelination in the corpus callosum of TBI PARP KO as opposed to TBI PARP wildtype specimens. Hence, these data suggest for the first time PARP’s deleterious role in post-traumatic demyelination. In conclusion, taken together these data give an overall view of motor/sensorimotor deficits, neuroinflammation and demyelination in a CCI model of TBI that could help to validate pharmacological strategy for preventing post-traumatic WM injury. Notably, PARP’s inhibition seems to be a valid candidate as this enzyme participates in the establishment of a demyelinating process
Hakme, Antoinette. "Deciphering the role of PARP-9 in the cellular response to cytokines & genotoxic agents." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6140.
Full textPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification mediated by PARPs and corresponds to the addition of more than one molecule of ADP-ribose from NAD+ donor onto acceptor proteins. Poly(ADPribosyl) ation reactions were shown to be critical elements in a broad spectrum of cellular functions including DNA repair, transcription regulation, mitotic segregation and cell death. PARP-1, the founding member of the PARP family, acts as a DNA nick sensor that signals DNA breaks by synthesizing poly(ADP-ribose), which modifies chromatin architecture and recruits DNA repair factors to the damaged site. Among the 17 PARP superfamily members, macroPARPs (PARP-9/BAL1, PARP-14/BAL2/CoaSt6, PARP-15/BAL3) have the singularity to associate to their PARP catalytic region, serveral iterations known as macro domain. Macro domain was initially reported in the histone variant macroH2A and was associated to transciptional silencing and inactivation of X chromosome. PARP-9, as well as its binding partner BBAP, was identified as highly expressed in DLBCL with poor outcome associated to a host immune/inflammatory response. PARP-14 was described as the coactivator of STAT6 in response to IL4 in mouse lymphoid cells. The three macroPARP and BBAP genes map in tandem to human chromosome band 3q21. To get insight these emerging PARPs functions, we first assessed expression patterns of Parp-9 and Parp-14 as well as Bbap by in situ hybridization experiments during embryonic development and in adult mouse. We next evaluated the implication of PARP-9 in JAK-STAT1 pathway in response to IFN!. Finally, because PARP-9 macro domains bind to poly(ADP-ribose), we investigated whether PARP-9 is recruited to DNA damaged site where poly(ADP-ribose) is massively synthesized by PARP-1. Our work demonstrates a differential expression of macroPARPs in lymphoid organs, mainly in the thymus and provides new knowledge about cellular pathways involving PARP-9. We demonstrate an alteration in JAK-STAT1 ability to drive the transcription of some IFN!-responsive genes in the absence of PARP-9. In addition, we reveal that PARP-9 is recruited to the DNA damaged site. However, the exact molecular events that underlie PARP-9 implication in both pathways remain to be elucidated
Robu, Mihaela. "Rôle de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase 1 dans la reconnaissance et la réparation des dommages directs induits à l'ADN par les radiations ultraviolettes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29852.
Full textLa poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase 1 (PARP1) est une enzyme nucléaire très abondante chez les eucaryotes supérieurs, humains compris, mais néanmoins absente chez les bactéries et les levures. En réponse aux dommages à l’ADN, elle utilise le substrat nicotinamide adénine dinucléotide (NAD+) pour former des polymères d’ADP-ribose (PAR) sur elle-même et sur d’autres protéines cibles. L’enzyme PARP1 et son activité catalytique sont impliquées dans la réparation des dommages à l’ADN contenant des cassures simple et double brin. Cependant, l’hypothèse que l’enzyme PARP1 joue un rôle dans la réparation de dommages sans cassures de brin a toujours rencontré des réticences. Par exemple, la PARP1 est activée rapidement par ces dommages, comme ceux induits par les radiations ultraviolettes (UV), mais son rôle dans leur réparation par excision de nucléotides (NER) n’était pas accepté généralement. Ainsi, ce projet de doctorat consiste à déterminer le mécanisme exact par lequel la PARP1 et son activité catalytique contribuent à la NER. Cette voie de réparation utilise plus de 30 protéines pour réparer une très grande variété de dommages. Bien que nous ayons une bonne connaissance des étapes de la NER grâce aux études in vitro chez les bactéries et les levures, les facteurs qui influencent le fonctionnement de la NER chez les eucaryotes supérieurs ne sont pas tous connus. Cependant, de récentes études ont montré que des complexes de remodelage de la chromatine et des modifications post-traductionnelles facilitent la NER dans la chromatine. Dans ce contexte, l’implication de la modification posttraductionnelle effectuée par la PARP1, dite PARylation, est encore inconnue dans la NER. Dans la NER, l’étape cruciale de la réparation globale du génome est la reconnaissance des quelques bases endommagées qui sont entourées de nombreuses bases non modifiées par la protéine «Xeroderma pigmentosum C» (XPC). Un autre facteur clé de cette phase est le facteur «UV-damaged DNA binding protein 2» (DDB2) qui fait partie du complexe ubiquitine-ligase UV-DDB. Ici, nous avons démontré que, après irradiation aux UVC, la PARP1 se lie asymétriquement à la photolésion et elle interagit avec le facteur DDB2. Ce dernier stimule l’activité catalytique de la PARP1 et est à son tour PARylé par la PARP1. Les polymères formés autour de la photolésion agissent comme signal de recrutement pour le complexe PARP1-XPC déjà présent dans le nucléoplasme. La confluence de ces facteurs de réparation au site de dommage assure la séparation de la protéine XPC de ce complexe suivi de son transfert et de sa stabilisation autour du dommage. Ainsi, la PARP1 n'est pas seulement l'une des premières protéines recrutées aux lésions induites par les UV, mais son activation rapide par ces dommages joue un rôle clé dans les étapes situées en aval de la phase de reconnaissance des dommages de la NER. En effet, nous avons montré que l’inhibition ou la déplétion de la PARP1 ralentit radicalement la réparation par la NER des dommages directs induits à l’ADN par les UV. Cette étude montre que la PARP1, en coopération avec les protéines DDB2 et XPC augmente l’efficacité de la voie NER dans les cellules des mammifères.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a highly abundant nuclear enzyme which is present in higher eukaryotes but absent in bacteria and yeasts. In response to DNA damage, it uses the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to form polymers of ADPribose (PAR) on itself and other target proteins. PARP1 and its catalytic activity are involved in the repair of DNA damages comprising of single and double strand breaks. However, the role of PARP1 in repairing DNA damage without strand breaks has not been readily accepted. For example, although PARP1 is rapidly activated in response to such damages caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV), its role in their repair by nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER) was not generally recognized. Thus, the project of my doctoral work is to determine the exact mechanism by which PARP1 and its catalytic activity influence NER. This pathway uses more than 30 proteins to repair a wide variety of DNA damages. Although we have a good understanding of NER steps through studies in vitro, bacteria and yeasts, we still do not know all the factors that influence the functioning of the NER in higher eukaryotes including humans. Recent studies have shown that chromatin remodelling complexes and post-translational modifications facilitate NER in the context of chromatin. However, the contribution of PARylation, the post-translational modification carried out by PARP1, in NER remains largely unknown. Xeroderma pigmentosum C protein (XPC) plays a crucial role in NER by recognizing the few UV induced lesions in the vast undamaged chromatin. Another key factor in damage recognition is the UV- damaged DNA binding protein (DDB2), which is part of the UV-DDB ubiquitin-ligase complex. Here, we have demonstrated that after UVC irradiation, PARP1 binds asymmetrically to the photolesions and interacts with DDB2. DDB2 stimulates the catalytic activity of PARP1 and in turn it is PARylated. The polymers formed around the photolesion act as recruitment signal for the PARP1-XPC complex already present in the nucleoplasm. The confluence of these repair factors at the damage site ensures the separation of the XPC protein from its complex with PARP1 followed by its transfer and stabilization at the site of damage. Thus, PARP1 is not only one of the first proteins to respond to UV induced DNA damage, but also its early rapid activation plays a key role in the downstream events of NER. Indeed, we have shown that both inhibition and depletion of PARP1 significantly delays the repair of these lesions. This study demonstrates that PARP1 increases the efficiency of NER in cooperation with the DDB2 and XPC proteins in mammalian cells.
El, Amki Mohamad. "Rôle de la poly(ADP-ribose)polymérase dans les transformations hémorragiques induites par le rt-PA après une ischémie cérébrale." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P606.
Full textStroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide and a major cause of disability. Tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the only approved treatment in the United States and Europe for acute ischemic stroke. Clinical data show that beyond its therapeutic time window (4.5 hours after stroke onset), rt-PA exerts no more neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, clinical data showed that rt-PA increases the hemorrhagic transformations. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop a novel drug that can reduce rt-PA’s deleterious effects and extend its therapeutic window. The aim of the present study was to examine whether Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) mediates the hemorrhagic transformations induced by rt-PA administration. We used a mouse model of thromboembolic stroke, which consists of a microinjection of thrombin in the middle cerebral artery. First, we showed that in the mouse thrombin stroke model, the "human" dose of rt-PA exhibits effects close to those observed in clinic. Later, we showed PARP is implicated in the vascular toxicity of rt-PA after cerebral ischemia. PJ34, a PARP inhibitor, preserves the blood brain barrier integrity, reduces rt-PA-induced hemorrhagic transformations, improves neurological outcomes and reduces brain infarction and edema. In conclusion, this work showed that PARP inhibitors could be relevant candidates to extend the therapeutic time window of rt-PA after stroke without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic transformations
Siddeek, Bénazir. "Exposition in utero aux antiandrogènes et rôle des IAPs et de PARP-1 dans le testicule adulte." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10135.
Full textTesticular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) has been linked to a fetal or neo-natal exposure to endocrine disruptors. In this context, we developed an experimental model of rats exposed in utero to the anti androgen flutamide, which develop at the adult age, a hypospermatogenesis due to a chronic germ cell apoptosis. This apoptosis is linked to an increase in the IAPs expression and to the fact that Sertoli cells do not longer protect the germ cells. Another abnormality of the TDS is the testicular cancer (TC). Using human biopsies, we show a high expression level of IAPs in the tumoral tissues including XIAP. The in vitro study of XIAP role show that the decrease of its expression sensitizes CT cells to apoptosis induced by cisplatin. Finally, using invalidated PARP-1 male mice, we show a decrease in the apoptosis rate and an increase in the proliferation process, which could be a favourable ground for TC
Beck, Carole. "Caractérisation moléculaire et cellulaire du rôle de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase 3 (PARP3) dans la maintenance de l'intégrité du génome." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ075.
Full textPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins catalyzed by poly(ADPribose) polymerases (PARPs). PARP3 was identified as a novel actor of the double-strand break (DSBs) repair pathway. We evaluated the contribution of PARP3 in these repair pathways(HR, C-NHEJ ou A-EJ). Our results defined PARP3 as a modulator of the single strand DNA resection process which plays a role in driving the repair pathway choice. We showed that PARP3 enhances the recruitement of the Ku70/Ku80 complexe to damaged sites and modulates the BRCA1/53BP1 balance. These two events prevent the DNA end resection step initiating HR and A-EJ and drives the repair towards the C-NHEJ. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, we studied the consequences of the absence of PARP3 on histone modifications, known to modulate the decision of the DSBs repair pathways. Our current results didn’t allow us to establish a link between PARP3 and histone modifications in response to DSBs. However, in absence of DNA damage and PARP3, we observed an accumulation of H3K36me2, a histone mark known to regulate transcriptionally active genes. In a second project, we studied the impact of the absence of PARP3 on cell viability and tumor progression in breast cancer cell lines mutated in BRCA1. By in vitro and in vivo approaches, we showed that the absence of PARP3 induces an important decrease in cell survival and proliferation, an increase in centrosomal amplification and a strong delay in tumor progression. The roles of PARP3 in both cellular response to DNA damage and mitotic progression introduce PARP3 as a possible promising therapeutic target in cancer therapy
Zaniolo, Karine. "La régulation de l'expression du gène de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase-1 (PARP-1) durant la cicatrisation de l'épithélium cornéen." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24516/24516.pdf.
Full textGodon, Camille. "Rôle de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase 1 dans la réponse aux radiations ionisantes dans la phase S du cycle cellulaire." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T083.
Full textGhabreau, Lina. "Poly(ADP-ribose)polymérase-1 (PARP-1) et méthylation de l'ADN, nouveaux partenaires des récepteurs hormonaux dans la carcinogenèse de l'endomètre." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10067.
Full textMartin-Hernandez, Kathline. "Rôle de la Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymérase 3 (PARP3) dans la différenciation des cellules souches du muscle squelettique chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ121.
Full textPoly (ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins catalysed by Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs, 17 members). Since 2011, the laboratory has been dissecting the biological properties of PARP3 which is now well described for its role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, in mitosis and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This investigation combined with data from the literature suggests that PARP3 functions are very wide and could participate in physiological processes. Thus, my thesis work reveals a new key function of PARP3 in neural and muscular stem cell differentiation. We observed a strong increase in PARP3 expression during neurogenesis, gliogenesis and myogenesis. In the absence of PARP3, the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSPCs) into astrocytes and neurons is impaired and PARP3KO mice display an inability to regenerate brain tissue in the region of the striatum after hypoxic ischemia. Regarding muscle cells, PARP3 disruption (Crispr/Cas9) prevents C2C12 myoblast differentiation into myotubes and leads to cytoskeleton disorganisation, mitochondrial degeneration, and repression of identity genes. The reexpression of a catalytically active PARP3 restores the C2C12 differentiation capacity. Finally, we have identified new PARP3 target proteins that suggest a role in autophagy and energetic metabolism during cell differentiation.Together, these results reveal that PARP3 has a central role in cell differentiation and opens solid lines of research to identify the mechanisms involved
Kalisch, Thomas. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et biochimique d'un nouveau partenaire de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase I : high-mobility group protein containing 2-like 1." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ068.
Full textPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins mediated by a family of enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Among the best studied, PARP-1 and PARP-2 are both implicated into the transcription, organization and integrity of genome. We have initiated the characterization of a new PARP-1 partner previously identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen, and still poorly studied: HMG2L1 (High-Mobility Group protein 2 Like-1). The human protein of 601 amino acids contains one HMGbox domain normally implicated in the recognition of DNA. Some studies have reported the role of HMG2L1 in the regulation of transcription by acting as a negative or positive coregulator. First, we characterized the link between PARP-1 and HMG2L1. We confirmed the interaction between both proteins in vivo and in vitro. We also showed that HMG2L1 couldinteract with PARP-2. HMG2L1 is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated by PARP-1 and PARP-2, and is able to interact with poly(ADP-ribose). The construction of GFP-fused truncated versions of HMG2L1 allowed us to show that the N-terminal part – upstream to the HMGbox – is responsible for all these interactions. This N-terminal domain is highly electropositive and intrinsically disordered conferring a lot of interactions potentialities. The expression of the GFP-fused proteins in HeLa cells allowed us to localizeHMG2L1 into the nucleus and the nucleolus, like PARP-1 and PARP-2. Moreover, HMG2L1 colocalizes with UBF (Upstream Binding Factor), the transcription factor responsible for the transcription of ribosomal ARNs by RNA polymerase I. The overexpression of GFPhHMG2L1 leads to a nucleolar stress illustrated by the inhibition of transcription and the formation of nucleolar caps. We also undertook a proteomic study to find new partners of HMG2L1. We found a huge amount of nucleolar proteins, involved in ribosome biogenesis or RNA maturation, suggesting that HMG2L1 could be involved in these processes. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of the purified protein to interact with DNA mostly through its HMGbox domain and RNA through its N-terminal domain. Moreover, we discovered that HMG2L1 is endowed with a RNA-chaperone activity, that can be regulated by poly(ADP-ribose). Taken together, the localization of HMG2L1, its interacting partners and its RNA chaperone activity allow us to make the assumption that HMG2L1 could be implicated in RNA maturation processes, regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation
Boehler, Christian. "Rôles de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase-3 (PARP-3) dans la réponse cellulaire aux dommages dans l'ADN et la progression mitotique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ113/document.
Full textPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), a family of 17 members. We started the functional characterization of a new member of this family : the Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-3 (PARP-3). This protein was poorly studied. The human Parp3 gene displays two splicing variants giving rise to two proteins. Whereas the full length hPARP-3 has been identified as a core component of the centrosome throughout the cell cycle, the shorter splice variant accumulates within the nucleus. Of note, only the shorter nuclear variant is found in mice. We generated PARP-3 depletion in human lung cell line (MRC5) using RNA interference to analyse functional consequences of PARP-3 absence. We identified PARP-3 as a new specific actor of Double-Strand Breaks (DSB) repair mechanism. We also identified a new protein partner of PARP-3, NuMA, which is an essential regulator of mitotic division. These cells also showed problems in mitosis entry, in mitotic spindle formation, an increased mitosis duration and chromosomes aberrations. Performing protein interaction studies and using biochemical approaches, we highlighted a protein complex composed of PARP-3, NuMA and Tankyrase 1 (PARP-5a), involved in mitotic mechanisms. PARP-3 has a key role in the regulation of this complex. It plays essential role in mitotic progression and in mitotic spindle integrity maintenance and in telomere stability. The roles of PARP-3 in both DSB repair mechanisms and in mitotic progression indicate PARP-3 as a possible promising therapeutic target in cancer therapy
Billaud, Amandine. "Analyse moléculaire, enjeux et limites des thérapies ciblées en oncologie : extension des sensibilités aux anti-PARP dans les cancers ovariens par caractérisation de variants non annotés et nouveaux mécanismes de résistance dans les cancers bronchiques. Caractérisation moléculaire de l’EGFR dans les cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules : étude prospective comparative des technologies NGS et automate Idylla Somatic mRNA analysis of BRCA1 splice variants provides a direct theranostic impact on PARP inhibitors." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0003.
Full textDespite significant clinical benefit from the consideration of molecular context, targeted therapies are still challenging. First part of this work focused on tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting EGFR in non small cell lung cancers. Thus, improvement of biomarkers detection methods was completed by in vitro characterization of an unreported mechanism of acquired resistance. Briefly, pulmonary cells were exposed to a mutagen agent and a selection pressure was applied with EGFR inhibitors allowing the detection of TBK1 signature. Finally, synergic effect of that co-inhibition was highlighted. Now essentials in gynaecological cancers management, PARP inhibitors represent the second part of that work. Those targeted therapies are based on synthetic lethality. Consequently, BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutations are required for their administration, illustrating the issue of variants of uncertain significance. Toward their functional characterization necessity, a transcriptional analysis of splicing variant was first conducted on mRNA extracted from FFPE samples. Then, to evaluate functional signification of all types of variants, genomic edition was developed. Editing efficiencies of the unknown variant and a silent control one were compared in a haploid model where those genes are essentials. Functional signification of BRCA1/2 variants, and thereby mutations from all essential tumor suppressor genes in our model, can be evaluated in three weeks which is compatible with clinical management
Burckel, Hélène. "Synthèse et évaluation de molécules bifonctionnelles alkylantes de l’ADN et inhibitrices de la PARP pour la radiochimiothérapie concomitante." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ092.
Full textThe main topic of this work was the development and biological evaluation of dual molecules for concomitant chemoradiotherapy. To this end, new dual chemotherapeutic agents were designed by linking covalently two radiosensitizers: a PARP inhibitor and an alkylating agent (platinum complex or temozolomide). This study led to an efficient PARP inhibitor/platinum dual molecule. A complementary approach was to develop affinity probes to study PARP inhibitors by a chemical proteomic method. This study permitted to validate the selectivity of an affinity probe for PARP1 and PARP2. Finally, fluorescent PARP inhibitor probes were synthesised and evaluated for a PARP3 screening by fluorescence anisotropy
Krietsch, Jana. "PARP-1 activation regulates the DNA damage response to DNA double-strand breaks." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30722/30722.pdf.
Full textDNA double-strand breaks are potentially lethal lesions, which if not repaired correctly, can have harmful consequences such as carcinogenesis promoted by chromosome deletions and rearrangements. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation carried out by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is one of the first posttranslational modifications occurring in response to DNA damage. In brief, PARP-1 uses nicotinamide to generate a negatively charged polymer called poly(ADP-ribose) polymer (PAR), that can be attached to acceptor proteins, which is to a large extent PARP-1 itself. PAR has recently been recognized as a recruitment signal for key DNA repair proteins to sites of DNA damage but the precise role of PARP-1 and its catalytic product PAR in the DNA damage response are still a matter of ongoing debate. Throughout my doctoral work, we confirmed that the proteins in complex with PAR promptly after DNA damage are mostly DNA repair proteins, whereas during the period of recovery from DNA damage, the PAR interactome is highly enriched with RNA processing factors. Interestingly, one of the most abundant RNA-binding proteins detected in the PAR interactome, namely NONO, did not follow these kinetics as it was highly enriched immediately after DNA damage in the DNA repair protein complexes centered on PAR. Our subsequent investigation of NONO in the DNA damage response to double-strand breaks strikingly revealed a direct implication for NONO in repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Moreover, we found that NONO strongly and specifically binds to PAR through its RNA-recognition motif 1 (RRM1), highlighting competition between PAR and RNA for the same binding site. Remarkably, the in vivo recruitment of NONO to DNA damage sites completely depends on PAR and requires the RRM1 motif. In conclusion, our results establish NONO as a new protein implicated in the DNA damage response to double-strand break and in broader terms add another layer of complexity to the cross-talk between RNA-biology and DNA repair.
Petitclerc, Nancy. "Implication de la poly (ADP-ribose) polymérase-1 dans la réparation de l'ADN par excision de nucléotides : Caractérisation d'une interaction fonctionnelle avec la protéine DDB2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29118/29118.pdf.
Full textPellier-Catherineau, Virginie. "Réparation des lésions induites par les rayonnements UVB dans des mélanocytes humains normaux et transformés : Implication du protéasome et de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22045.
Full textTeng, Fei. "Implication de la poly(ADP-ribose)polymérase dans les effets délétères de l'activateur tissulaire du plasminogène recombinant sur la barrière hémato-encéphalique après une ischémie cérébrale." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P607/document.
Full textStroke is a leading public health problem, the majority of which is ischemic, i.e. caused by the occlusion of a cerebral artery. The only pharmacological approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke is thrombolysis by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). However, this treatment increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhages, also called hemorrhagic transformations (HT), which contribute to the neurologic aggravation of the patients. It therefore appears essential to develop strategies protecting the vascular bed after cerebral ischemia in order to reduce these HT. The aim of the present work was therefore to study the implication of a nuclear enzyme, the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) in the vascular effects of rt-PA , with special concern for the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focal cerebral ischemia was performed in mice by permanent endovascular occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. In this model, we demonstrated the role of PARP in the rt-PA induced HT by two methods: the Western blot of hemoglobin to evaluate the quantity of blood in the cerebral parenchyma, and magnetic resonance imaging. In order to clarify the targets of PARP underlying its contribution to post-thrombolysis HT, we studied several components of the BBB by Western blot: proteins of tight junctions [claudin-5, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)], protein of adherens junction (VE-cadherin) and proteins of basal membrane (collagen IV and laminin). We demonstrated that ischemia induced a marked decrease of claudin-5, ZO-1 and VE-cadherin, which was aggravated by rt-PA. Administration of a potent PARP inhibitor, PJ34, counteracted the degradation of these proteins by rt-PA. A reduction of the degradation of the laminin by rt-PA was also shown with PJ34. Thanks to a collaboration with Pr Berezowski from Lens, we showed in an in vitro BBB model that PJ34 is able to cross the BBB in physiological condition and during oxygen and glucose deprivation, a condition that mimicks cerebral ischemia. In order to determine the molecular pathways modulated by PARP leading to the degradation of the BBB and to HT, we developed an in vitro model of endothelial cell culture (cell line bEnd.3). In this model, we have already shown a cell death after an excitotoxic stress and the role of PARP in this cell death. This work thus demonstrated the role of PARP in the degradation of different components of the BBB induced by rt-PA after cerebral ischemia. The future in vitro studies on cell culture will enable us to further understand the mechanisms implicated in this pathologic situation. A better knowledge of these mechanisms will increase the interest of the use of PARP inhibitors in the prevention of post-thrombolysis HT in patients suffering from ischemic stroke
De, Vos Mike. "Interaction fonctionnelle de la Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymérase-1 (PARP1) avec des protéines de l'hétérochromatine : impact sur la fonction de l'hétérochromatine et la réparation de l'ADN." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ001.
Full textWe identified a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR)-dependent interaction between PARP1 and UHRF1. UHRF1 is PARylated by PARP1 and binds PAR in a non-covalent way. The absence of PARP1 (i) impairs the UHRF1/DNMT1 interaction, (ii) induces excessive UHRF1-mediated ubiquitination of DNMT1 promoting its degradation during the cell cycle, (iii) increases the transcription of pericentric heterochromatin (pHC) regions (iv) and impairs the localization of the repressive histone mark H4K20me3 on pHC. In a second project we studied the role of the KAP1/HP1 interaction in response to DNA damage. The interaction between the two partners is essential for KAP1 recruitment to DNA damage sites. The absence of the interaction, after damage, induces a delay of the double strand break repair kinetics and decreases the cell survival rate. A more detailed analysis suggests a deficiency of the homologous recombination repair pathway
Lescot, Thomas. "Caractérisation d'un modèle de traumatisme crânien en imagerie et spectroscopie par résonance magnétique : application à l'étude des effets de l'inhibition de la poly(ADP-ribose)polymérase." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P615.
Full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Mechanical forces trigger a neuroinflammatory cascade that contributes to damage the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to cause cerebral edema. Recent evidence supports a crucial role for matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in BBB disruption and vasogenic edema formation after (TBI). Sveral arguments suggest a contribution of the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) in the neuroinflammatory response leading to MMP-9 activation. As the first part of the study, we performed a detailed in vivo assessment of the brain lesions induced in rats by lateral fluid percussion. We studied the time-course of edema (24, 48, 7 days) using T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging and we measured concomitant alterations in metabolites using 1H-MRS. In cortical area, cytotoxic edema appeared to be the major contributor to posttraumatic swelling and was associated with biochimical alteration suggesting cellular disturbances. In the ipsilateral subcortical region, we reported persistent biochemical alterations without concomitant MRI evidence of edema. As the second part of the study, we evaluated the effect of PARP inhibition by 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), on MMP-9 upregulation, BBB dysfunction, and edema formation after lateral fluid percussion-induced TBI in rats. Our main findings are that PARP inhibition by 3-AB diminished the BBB dysfunction associated with proMMP-9 upregulation, diminished the increase in “free” water content induced by TBI in the ipsilateral cortex 6 hours after injury and improved neurological function during the first 24 h after TBI. These data suggest that PARP inhibition by 3-AB protected the BBB against hyperpermeability induced by MMP-9 upregulation, thereby decreasing edema formation, 6 hours after TBI. Furthermore, our data confirm the neuroprotective effect of 3-AB at the very acute phase of TBI
Herrera, Farje Carmen de Fatima. "Étude sur l'interaction entre les différents domaines de la PARP-1 et diverses structures de l'ADN." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27878/27878.pdf.
Full textFrouin, Isabelle. "Analyse fonctionnelle des protéines de la réplication de l'ADN et de leur association dynamique avec les complexes Cdk / cycline au cours du cycle cellulaire des cellules humaines : modulation de la réponse apoptotique aux anti-folates dans des cellules humaines, déficientes dans la réparation des mésappariements de nucléotides ("DNA mismatch repair")." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077195.
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