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1
Mikityuk, Vladimir P. "EKATERINBURG MERCHANTS: THE PROBLEM OF SUCCESSION (THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)." Ural Historical Journal 72, no. 3 (2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-3(72)-135-143.
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The article analyzes the problem of succession in the ranks of Ekaterinburg’s merchant class and the variants of its solution used in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Succession is considered as a process of capital transfer by Ekaterinburg merchants to their heirs in order to continue the commercial and industrial affairs of the testator. The article discusses the methods of training merchants’ successors, including their use as employees and their inclusion in family companies as partners. Considerable attention is paid to studying the mechanism of inheritance transfer in emergency situations and conflicts that arose during inheritance process. The author explores the cases when the heirs on a female line (widows, daughters) acted as the successors of commercial and industrial affairs, the examples of involvement of sons-in-law in the management of family capital are also given. The article uses documents from the funds of the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk region (GASO), as well as the periodical press (newspapers “Permskie gubernskie vedomosti”, “Ekaterinburgskaya nedelya” and others). From archival materials, documents from the funds of the Ekaterinburg City Duma and the Ekaterinburg District Court are mainly used. The following conclusions are made. The procedure of transferring the inheritance by Ekaterinburg merchants to their successors was a complex and ambiguous process. Not all Ekaterinburg merchants managed to solve the problem of succession: for this reason, a number of family firms existed only during one generation. At the same time, many representatives of the city merchant class managed to solve the problem of succession by various ways, at least for 2–3 generations. The instability of merchant capital was largely a consequence of state policy, and to a lesser extent, the result of the unresolved problem of succession.
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Lewin, Linda. "Natural and Spurious Children in Brazilian Inheritance Law From Colony to Empire: A Methodological Essay." Americas 48, no. 3 (January 1992): 351–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007241.
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This discussion takes its historical cue from a piece of recent urban folk wisdom in Brazil, one claiming that children born outside wedlock historically have enjoyed equal inheritance rights with their legitimate half-siblings. This notion attained wide circulation in the final years of the great debate over divorce that ended in 1976. As the defenders of the status quo, opponents of divorce usually failed to point out that Brazilian succession law had historically distinguished not just between individuals of legitimate and illegitimate birth but also among those of illegitimate birth. Of course, most Brazilians, like most North Americans, remained unaware of the vast differences prevailing between their two legal systems of inheritance. They usually assumed that the legal precept contained in the Statute of Merton (1235) still served as a rule of thumb for the Anglo-American experience: “Once a bastard, always a bastard.” On the other hand, what appealed to Brazilians' sense of fairness was the flexibility their national system of succession offered. The notion that inheritance rights should be restricted to those of legitimate birth was one they proudly rejected. In leaving the door open to the possibility that civil law could equip those born to unmarried parents with the potential for equal inheritance rights with legitimate heirs, Brazil's system of succession provided that so-called bastardy could be converted into legitimacy.
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Kuehn, Thomas. "Some ambiguities of female inheritance ideology in the Renaissance." Continuity and Change 2, no. 1 (May 1987): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000000448.
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Les historiens ont traité l'exclusion au droit de succession des femmes dotées dans leurs familles natales comme une constante ambiguë du système de transmission agnatique des biens pendant la Renaissance. L'analyse de statuts et de cinq cas florentins révèle cependant que le sens et l'opération de l'héritage des femmes et par les femmes n'étaient pas toujours précis et pouvaient changer. La succession de biens par les femmes était assez fréquente pour provoquer des problèmes gênants concernant les droits des agnats mâles à leur exclusion. L'interprétation juridique de ces problémes, quoique peu uniforme, a contribué à protéger les droits des femmes grâce à une application stricte des statuts et à des études étendues du droit civil.
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Radzyner, Amihai. "Inheritance from Uncle Sam: the American influence on Israeli succession law." Comparative Legal History 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 19–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2049677x.2016.1176352.
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Mostofa, Md, Kazi Sonia Tasnim, and Md Zahidul Islam. "INHERITANCE RIGHT OF ORPHANED GRAND CHILDREN: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVES." Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities 8, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55327/jaash.v8i4.285.
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The dilemma of inheritance of grandchildren from the pre-deceased child is one of the most critical areas of Islamic law. According to the classical interpretations of Islamic law, any son of the deceased in general excludes such grandchildren. However, many states brought certain changes into the existing format of Islamic law of succession so as to shield such grandchildren from total exclusion. Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, Morocco, Pakistan and Bangladesh are remarkable for binging changes in this particular area. Pakistan brought a significant change in 1961 by section 4 of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance (MFLO), which is a milestone event in the history of reformation of Islamic law. In Bangladesh the same law become accepted through the promulgation of the Laws Continuance Enforcement order, 1971’.Section of the MFLO affected the whole structure of Islamic Law of Succession. The main contribution of this work is an attempt to draw the attention of the proper authority for taking steps to ensure the right of orphaned grandchildren and other heirs not violating the Islamic law of succession. For this purpose the author tries to show the injustices to some heirs and the provisions of Islamic law of succession which have been violated caused by the section 4 of MFLO and lastly the author has set up a method that ensures the right of the orphaned grandchildren neither violating the Islamic rule nor excluding any heir. It is a qualitative research.
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고영민 and Yang, Sung-Guk. "A Study on the Inheritance Tax and the History of Management Succession." Review of Business History 31, no. 1 (March 2016): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22629/kabh.2016.31.1.003.
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Kennedy, Liam. "Farm Succession in Modern Ireland: Elements of a Theory of Inheritance." Economic History Review 44, no. 3 (August 1991): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597540.
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Sperling, Jutta. "Dowry or Inheritance? Kinship, Property, And Women's Agency in Lisbon, Venice, and Florence (1572)." Journal of Early Modern History 11, no. 3 (2007): 197–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006507781147470.
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AbstractThe marital property regimes, inheritance practices, and kinship structures of Renaissance Italy and early modern Portugal were at opposite ends of a spectrum. In Italy, the legitimacy of marriage was defined as the outcome of dowry exchange governed by exclusio propter dotem, thus conceptually linked to the disinheritance of daughters and wives. In Portugal, where the Roman principle of equal inheritance was never abolished, domestic unions qualified as marriages insofar as joint ownership was established. Kinship structures were rigidly agnatic in Italy, but cognatic, even residually matrilineal, in Portugal. An investigation of notarial records from Lisbon, Venice, and Florence shows how women's capacity for full legal agency as property owners in both societies differed. Female legal agency, however, whether measured by women's capacity to engage in property transactions independently of their marital status (Portugal), or as the manipulation of limited legal resources, even resistance against a system of dispossession (Italy), always unfolded within the context of larger agendas that were beyond women's control, such as the processes of state formation in medieval Italy and empire-building in Portugal.
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Carroll, Lucy. "Daughter's Right of Inheritance in India: A Perspective on the Problem of Dowry." Modern Asian Studies 25, no. 4 (October 1991): 791–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010842.
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One may argue that it [i.e., dowry] is nothing but a gift of love and affection by the bride's father who is not obliged to give any share to his daughter by birth. Now, however, the law of succession has been changed, giving equal right of inheritance to the daughter along with the son under the Hindu Succession Act, 1956.
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Fertig, Christine, Volker Lünnemann, and Georg Fertig. "Inheritance, succession, and familial transfer in rural Westphalia, 1800–1900." History of the Family 10, no. 3 (January 2005): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hisfam.2005.03.004.
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Dajczak, Wojciech. "Prawo spadkowe vs. sprawiedliwa sukcesja obiektów dziedzictwa kulturowego?" Santander Art and Culture Law Review 7, no. 1 (2021): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.21.003.14592.
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The law of inheritance vs. the just succession of the cultural property? Heirless property in European countries is typically inherited by the state. However, the routine application of this rule to assets belonging to victims of the German genocide during WWII continues to raise doubts. The recognition of a moral responsibility towards Holocaust victims in the Terezin Declaration legitimates the international debate on tensions between inheritance law and justice. The lack of a universal model for the succession of heirless Jewish cultural property acknowledged by this Declaration provokes different recommendations. One of the possibilities is the collective cultural restitution notion as a countermeasure to the crime of cultural genocide. This theory links the reinterpretation of the concept of genocide presented by Lemkin in 1944 with the restitution actions of Jewish succession organizations in 1940s and 50s. The theory mentioned is challenged in the article. The analysis is based on historical arguments, i.e. Lemkin’s focus on criminal liability and the specific nature of legal grounds for Jewish succession organizations after WWII. The history of inheritance law provides arguments to recommend another innovative way of dealing with the heirless property forming part of genocide victims’ inheritance. It is reasonable to distinguish between solutions pro futuro and those possible today. The paper concludes with a recommendation to supplement the Genocide Convention with specific rules about the heirless property of genocide victims. The state responsible for committing genocide should be eliminated from the inheritance of bona vacantia in favour of local successor organizations appointed by an international penal tribunal. Cultural property should be excluded from universal succession in the case of genocide and regarded as a legal person that continues victims’ remembrance. Currently, this model can inspire Polish policy regarding heirless Jewish cultural property. It should be focused on three goals: for objects to remain in Poland, the creation of a new complex database of objects accessible online and, if possible, the exhibition of objects alongside information about their last respective owners who died heirless.
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Hajdu, Tibor Zoltán. "Fiduciary asset management : As a means of founders’ transgenerational succession strategy." Economy & finance 9, no. 3 (2022): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.33908/ef.2022.3.2.
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The 1990s generation of the fall of communism has reached retirement age by now, so the time has come for a generational transition. Studies on the succession of family enterprises mainly focus on internal factors such as professionalisation, involvement of external managers, successors’ socialisation, or the issue of asset values. However, the institutional environment shaping succession options including inheritance law, formal intermediaries, succession-related tax rules also have a major impact on the long-term survival of family businesses and the transfer of wealth from one generation to the next. The objective of this paper is to shed light on the peculiar features of family enterprises and their internal factors defining succession alternatives in this country. It intends to describe the formal set of institutions and the relationship between those institutions, transgenerational wealth transfer, and succession strategies. In the case of mixed exit strategies, it analyses the options, advantages, and risks of the application of fiduciary asset management as one of the “wedges of asset management” between the principals of family enterprises and the managers.
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Ahn, Byungil. "Searching for Fairness in Revolutionary China: Inheritance Disputes in Maoist Courts and Their Legacy in the PRC Law of Succession." Modern China 47, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 49–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700420923148.
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This article examines how PRC judges ruled on inheritance disputes during the Mao period (1949–1976). In fact, China not only rejected a draft succession law in 1956, it also did not promulgate any law governing succession until 1985. In part, this has contributed to the conventional characterization of China in the Mao period as a “lawless society” dominated by radical Maoist and Marxist ideologies. By using newly available archival documents and internal publications of local courts and legal cadres, this article reveals that PRC judges rejected the codification of law because the legal principles stipulated in the 1956 draft succession law could not be applied to the complex social reality of rural China at the time. Therefore, court rulings became products of the long-standing efforts of judges to reconcile the principles of justice inherent in the 1956 draft succession law and complex social realities in order to deliver judgments that all litigants could accept as fair. This article highlights how such efforts finally led to a codified law of succession in 1985. Hence, the Succession Law of 1985 was not a departure from the previous “lawless” Mao era, but the completion of PRC judges’ long process of amending the “incomplete” 1956 draft.
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Carroll, Lucy. "The Ithna Ashari Law of Intestate Succession: An Introduction to Shia Law Applicable in South Asia." Modern Asian Studies 19, no. 1 (February 1985): 85–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014566.
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Perhaps the most striking and significant divergence between the Sunni and the Shi'i legal systems as a whole lies in their respective laws of inheritance. From a comparative standpoint the outstanding characteristic of the Shi'i law of inheritance is its refusal to afford any special place or privileged position to agnate relatives as such.…
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IANDOLO, ALESSANDRO. "Unforgettable 1956? The PCI and the Crisis of Communism in Italy." Contemporary European History 23, no. 2 (April 2, 2014): 259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777314000046.
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AbstractThe Italian left has always perceived 1956 as an extraordinary year, because of the succession of international events that supposedly shocked many Italian militants and convinced them to abandon communism and the Italian Communist Party. On the contrary, this article claims that the real reasons for the crisis of communism in Italy had little to do with international events and must be found instead in the momentous economic and social changes that Italy was experiencing at the time. Unforgettable 1956 was therefore only a moment in a longer-term process that was destined to change communism in Italy. The article is based on previously unused documents now available at the Italian Communist Party Archive.
16
Vernon, Clare. "Dressing for Succession in Norman Italy: The Mantle of King Roger II." Al-Masāq 31, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2018.1551699.
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Daunton, M. J. "Inheritance and Succession in the City of London in the Nineteenth Century." Business History 30, no. 3 (July 1988): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076798800000051.
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Bestor, Jane Fair. "Bastardy and Legitimacy in the Formation of a Regional State in Italy: The Estense Succession." Comparative Studies in Society and History 38, no. 3 (July 1996): 549–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500020053.
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In Italy during the Renaissance, an age that conjures up open systems of succession and ruthless dynastic struggle, the House of Este stood out for its singular succession practices. For almost one hundred and fifty years, illegitimately born Estense princes held office. Pope Pius II (r. 1458–64) marvelled:It is an extraordinary thing about that family that within our fathers' memory no legitimate heir has ever inherited the principate; the sons of their mistresses have been so much more fortunate than those of their wives. It is a circumstance contrary not only to Christian custom but to the law of almost all nations.
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Tran, Nhung Tuyet. "Gender, Property, and the “Autonomy Thesis” in Southeast Asia: The Endowment of Local Succession in Early Modern Vietnam." Journal of Asian Studies 67, no. 1 (February 2008): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911808000028.
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The claim that Vietnamese inheritance patterns were bilateral and indicative of wider patterns of Southeast Asian women's autonomy or Vietnamese protonational uniqueness reflect major themes in the historiography on Vieệtnam. Past scholarship suggests that lawmakers of the Lê (1427–1783) and Mạc (1527–60) dynasties codified bilateral succession practices, attesting to the relative autonomy that Vietnamese women shared with their Southeast Asian counterparts. This essay challenges the claims of bilateralism and argues that Lê dynasty law, local custom, and legal practice preserved the principles of patrilineal succession. Though the language and adjudication of the law limited daughters' succession rights, ironically, these restrictions on their private rights enabled women to carve out spaces of authority in village economic and religious life. To avoid the transfer of their property to male relatives, some women instead transferred property to local institutions in order to lay claim over their personal property and to ensure the maintenance of their ancestral rites in perpetuity. In effect, rather than a system that elevated women's status, the property regime served as a site of contestation in which women could claim large economic and religious roles in local settings.
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Horák, Ondřej. "Od „posledního“ k „nejbližšímu“ dědici? K vývoji postavení manželky v česko-rakouském a československém dědickém právu." PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE 52, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.38.
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The paper deals with the changes in the position of the wife in law of succession (both as an intestate heir and as a person entitled to the forced share) in the Czech lands from the middle of the 18th century to the present day, and also with discussions about the adjustment of her inheritance-legal position in Czech-Austrian jurisprudence at the beginning of the 20th century (during the recodification of ABGB) and in the 1920s (in connection with the interwar recodification). The evolution of law of succession in the Czech-Austrian area and in the European context is characterized by the strengthening of the position of spouses; in the domestic regulation of law of succession as a whole and especially in the intestate succession, we can see a shift from “consanguinity” to consideration of “needs” and “merit”. In the Czech lands, however, there is a different approach in the intestate law, where the position of the wife was gradually strengthened (the turning point was in particular the 1st sub-amendment of the ABGB in 1914, inspired by the German BGB in 1896), and when regarding the forced share, where her position (unlike in Austria) has not yet been improved (despite repeated efforts at the beginning of the 19th century during the finalization of the ABGB, at the beginning of the 20th century during the preparation of the amendment of the ABGB, in the 20s of the 20th century in connection with the interwar recodification, and at the beginning of the 21st century during the preparation of the 2012 Civil Code).
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Goodrich, John K. "“As long as the heir is a child”." Novum Testamentum 55, no. 1 (2013): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853612x651489.
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Abstract Although Gal 4:1-2 has historically been interpreted as an analogy taken from Greco-Roman practices of guardianship and inheritance, an increasing number of scholars, following the initial proposal of James M. Scott, have interpreted the passage as an allusion to the exodus. Seeking to defend the conventional interpretation, this study identifies a number of significant verbal and conceptual parallels between Gal 4:1-2 and P.Ryl. 2.153, the mid-second-century C.E. will of a Hermopolite gentleman, thereby showing that Paul’s rhetoric of inheritance in Gal 4:1-2 resonates best within the metaphorical field of Roman guardianship and succession.
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Dysa, Kateryna. "A Family Matter: The Case of a Witch Family in an Eighteenth-Century Volhynian Town." Russian History 40, no. 3-4 (2013): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04004006.
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Belief in the inheritance of witchcraft abilities from generation to generation is common to many cultures. Early modern Ukraine was not an exception. A series of cases from Volhynian town of Vyzhva is discussed here to illustrate how reputation for malevolent witchcraft could be once shaped and then continued to adhere to a family line, and how small town community preserved a memory about witchcraft for many years. This story is juxtaposed to other stories about succession of magical abilities by such magic practitioners as soothsayers, healers, wise men, etc. for whom the “magic reputation” of their parents was important to justify and support their own activities in the eyes of their clients.
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von Benda-Beckmann, Franz, and Keebet von Benda-Beckmann. "Islamic Law in a Plural Context:The Struggle over Inheritance Law in Colonial West Sumatra." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 55, no. 4-5 (2012): 771–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341269.
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Abstract The paper deals with the historical dynamics of the struggle over inheritance law in West Sumatra under the colonial rule of the Dutch Indies. The Minangkabau in West Sumatra are an interesting example of legal pluralism in Muslim societies. Their adat (indigenous law and social organisation) of matrilineal heritage regulated kinship, group affiliation, inheritance of property, and succession to office. Since the sixteenth century they have been devout Muslims. Their history is characterised by dynamic transformations of the relationship between adat and Islam, and—since their incorporation into the colony of the Dutch East Indies in the early nineteenth century—with the state. The paper shows how these conflicts and negotiations produced different results in different arenas. The agreements reached in the political arena were usually different from the use of law in the decision-making processes of village and state courts, as were the actual practices of villagers in everyday property and inheritance affairs.
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Kim, Moon-Sook. "The Types of Ownership of an Inherited Property before Division of Inheritance in International Succession." Korea Private International Law Journal 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 625–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.38131/kpilj.2022.6.28.1.625.
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Macovei, Codrin. "De veghe în turpitudinea nedemnului. Prolegomene ale posibilei invocări." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Iurisprudentia 65, no. 4 (March 16, 2021): 477–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbiur.65(2020).4.13.
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This article examines a particular aspect of invoking succession unworthiness. Regarding the sphere of persons who would have active procedural capacity in an action to ascertain/stating the indignity, we include in this category: legal or testamentary co-heirs (whose inheritance rights would have been restricted by the coming of the unworthy to inherit); subsequent legal heirs (whom the presence of the unworthy would have removed from the inheritance); donees or legatees (whose liberalities could have been reduced if they had infringed the succession reserve quota of the unworthy); the creditors of the legal co-heirs, of the subsequent legal heirs, of the donees or legatees (the exercise of the oblique action is allowed, not being an exclusive personal right); the unworthy heir. However, there are some dilemmas regarding unworthy heir. Until we can discern a different regime of invocation depending on the type of indignity, legal or judicial, we must answer the fundamental question of its interest. Could the principle nemo auditur turpitudinem allegans be applied in this case? Before finding a definitive answer to this question, this article aims to determine the legal nature of this institution and its history.
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Abukov, Sergey Navilyevich. "The kinship through the female line in the inheritance of the possessions of the Moscow Rurikids in the 14th century." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021103206.
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The paper studies the influence of the factor of possessions inheritance by Moscow knyazes in the female line in the 14th century, which was not typical for the Rurikids. There are certain difficulties in the history of possessions inheritance in Rus, since sources paid little attention to such facts. The problem has not received sufficient attention in the historical literature. The author explores various forms of such inheritance that took place during the period under review in the Moscow Principality starting from the will of Ivan Kalita. In some cases, it was about small possessions transfer under the power of the Moscow dynasty princes, in others entire principalities that had their own independent history of several generations. The most obvious example is the succession through consanguinity including from maternal grandfather to grandson. In addition, childless widowed princesses also bequeathed their lands to their nephews. The history of the Moscow dynasty also has an unprecedented example of the transfer of a hereditary principality by a knyaz to his widow, which she was forced to transfer to her brother-in-law. A persistent trend for a long time gives such facts a certain historical significance.
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Giaccio, B., E. Regattieri, G. Zanchetta, B. Wagner, P. Galli, G. Mannella, E. Niespolo, et al. "A key continental archive for the last 2 Ma of climatic history of the central Mediterranean region: A pilot drilling in the Fucino Basin, central Italy." Scientific Drilling 20 (December 17, 2015): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-13-2015.
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Abstract. An 82 m long sedimentary succession was retrieved from the Fucino Basin, the largest intermountain tectonic depression of the central Apennines. The basin hosts a succession of fine-grained lacustrine sediments (ca. 900 m-thick) possibly continuously spanning the last 2 Ma. A preliminary tephrostratigraphy study allows us to ascribe the drilled 82 m long record to the last 180 ka. Multi-proxy geochemical analyses (XRF scanning, total organic/inorganic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, oxygen isotopes) reveal noticeable variations, which are interpreted as paleohydrological and paleoenvironmental expressions related to classical glacial–interglacial cycles from the marine isotope stage (MIS) 6 to present day. In light of the preliminary results, the Fucino sedimentary succession is likely to provide a long, continuous, sensitive, and independently dated paleoclimatic archive of the central Mediterranean area.
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Popa, Carmen Teodora. "GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE LAW IN THE ROMANIAN LAW AND THE MUSLIM LAW." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v10i2.2805.
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This article discusses the general principles of legal regulation of inheritance of the Civil code in force and their comparison with those prevailing in Muslim law. The Muslim law of inheritance ab intestat -the only “legal one” because really the Muslim law is not recognized in “testamentary succession”- it produces awe to the one who discovers. Its technique, but mostly the principles with which they are at the base and the spirit that it animates (it might not be without regard for the sacred), constitute difficulties for lawyer largely influenced by French law. More than in any other system of law, we need to look in history, not so much due to tracking descendants, about which we know quite a bit, as well as with the purpose to avoid countermeasures meanings in terms of the spirit that animates this right.
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Yurkin, Igor N. "THE DEMIDOVS ON THE WAY TO AN INDUSTRIAL DYNASTY: STRATEGIES FOR ENSURING THE CONTINUITY OF THE FAMILY BUSINESS." Ural Historical Journal 72, no. 3 (2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-3(72)-81-90.
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On the example of representatives of the first two generations of the Demidov family, the paper shows how one of the most successful entrepreneurial dynasties of the first half of the 18th century ensured the succession of development of the family business. The strategies of its transmission by inheritance are traced in detail. The legacy of Nikita Demidov, the dynasty’s founder, was divided according to the “Law on single inheritance” (1714): the transfer of property was conflict free, but gave rise to hidden grievances that influenced the further relations of the heirs. The division of the inheritance of the middle son, Grigory Demidov, who was murdered in 1728 and did not determine his heir, also gave rise to a long-term enmity among family members. Akinfiy Demidov’s choice of a successor with careful preparation for the transfer of the undivided industrial economy to him also turned out to be unsuccessful, since most of the heirs were not satisfied. It was only the youngest son, Nikita Nikitich, who managed to carry out the operation of transferring property rights in such a way that this transfer could be considered “equalizing”, “amicable” and therefore “sinless”. The author claims that the circumstances and forms of ownership transfer by each member of the clan influenced the strategies chosen by the other members. With this in mind, the implementation by N. N. Demidov of the option, which ensured the conflict-free transfer of the family business, is regarded as a result of taking into account the mistakes and failures of his predecessors. The influence of external factors on these processes, in particular, changes in legislation regulating the field of family law, and transformations associated with a change in the estate status of actors, is also noted.
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Stradling, R. A. "Prelude to Disaster; The Precipitation of the War of the Mantuan Succession, 1627–29." Historical Journal 33, no. 4 (December 1990): 769–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00013753.
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Cardinal Richelieu's spectacular military intervention in Italy in 1629 plunged his ministry into a desperate crisis from which it only narrowly emerged intact. It marked the definitive departure of France upon the difficult road of outright opposition to the Habsburg hegemony in Europe. This policy – as the cardinal well knew – was in many ways potentially counter-productive, with a risk factor so high that failure might well entail the end, not only of his personal career, but with it the adolescent Bourbon state. Indeed, his initiative had the almost immediate consequence of a rebellious challenge from a prince of the blood and his domestic allies, amounting to a prototype fronde des princes. For decades to come, French society was to be impoverished by the manifold negative impact of war, while political stability was persistently affected by the unrelenting material and ideological pressures of continuous hostilities.
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Casson, Peter, Peter L. Jennings, and Clive Allen. "The Impact of Capital Taxation upon UK Unquoted Companies." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 21, no. 4 (August 2003): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c032a.
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The authors present findings from the initial phase of an ongoing externally funded research project into senior executive perceptions of the impact of capital taxation upon unquoted companies incorporated in the United Kingdom. Open-ended interviews were conducted with the senior executives of six unquoted companies which are also multigenerational family businesses. The interviews guided the executives to explore the history of their company; the values and aspirations of the founding or owning family(ies); the impact of capital taxation regimes, previous and current, both on ownership and on management succession; and strategies being pursued. Using content analysis to identify key themes, the authors suggest that their findings indicate that capital taxation may have a major impact both on ownership and on management succession as well as on succession planning. However, the current capital tax regime in the United Kingdom is perceived to be more favourable than that of previous regimes and vis-à-vis the regimes currently operating in most European countries. Capital taxation is not thought to influence strategic or operational decisions either positively or negatively. Companies use taxation-planning devices, frequently involving trusts, in order to reduce the actual burden of capital taxation falling upon individual shareholders at ownership succession. The present capital taxation regime, which includes gift relief and business asset taper relief within capital gains tax, and 100% business property relief within inheritance tax, eases succession planning. Business asset taper relief also facilitates shareholder exit strategies.
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WRIGHT, O. J. "BRITISH REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SURVEILLANCE OF ITALIAN AFFAIRS, 1860–70*." Historical Journal 51, no. 3 (September 2008): 669–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08006961.
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ABSTRACTDuring the nineteenth century the British consular service was often dismissed as an organization with purely commercial responsibilities. A succession of governments and diplomats insisted upon this notion, despite the fact that at certain times both relied very much on consular officials for information on foreign affairs. This dependence was especially evident in Italy during the decade after 1860, when British leaders had lent their moral and diplomatic support to the creation of the modern Italian state against considerable international opposition. During this period their desire not to see the achievement undone led them to maintain a close watch on Italian affairs. The contribution made in this area by the consular service, and the manner in which it was reorganized in response to Italian unification, show how such a role could take priority over its other functions. Although this state of affairs was no doubt exceptional on account of the remarkable level of British interest in the Unification of Italy, it nonetheless provides a clear demonstration of how the organization could be used under certain circumstances. The extent to which British consuls were used to monitor affairs in post-unification Italy also encourages reflection upon the widespread view that British foreign policy rejected interventionism in favour of isolation from European affairs during the 1860s.
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Nazzari, Muriel. "Widows as Obstacles to Business: British Objections to Brazilian Marriage and Inheritance Laws." Comparative Studies in Society and History 37, no. 4 (October 1995): 781–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500019952.
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Implicit in the hegemonic “civilizing” discourse of nineteenth-century British imperialism was the assumption that Great Britain was a model to be followed by backward societies. Included in the British characterisics to be emulated was the status of their women. In this article I turn this assumption on its head by arguing that the capital accumulation permitting the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was furthered not only by primogeniture, as many scholars have correctly argued, but also by a marriage regime in which wives and widows had few rights to property, for husbands were usually sole owners of all marital property and had full testamentary freedom. This arrangement permitted property to concentrate in male hands. In contrast, the marriage system based on Portuguese and Brazilian law was one of full community property, which gave wives veto power in the sale or mortgaging of all real estate and assured widows rights of succession to one-half of the marital property. This system was combined with limited testamentary freedom and equally partible inheritance for both sons and daughters. I argue that, though it was more equitable than the British system, it worked against the accumulation of capital.
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Vail, Leroy, and Ladislav Holy. "Strategies and Norms in a Changing Matrilineal Society: Descent, Succession and Inheritance among the Toka of Zambia." International Journal of African Historical Studies 22, no. 3 (1989): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220242.
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Sim, Hui-Gi. "A Critical Review about the discourses of ‘succession to houseworship’which were made under the Japanese colonialism of Korea." Kyung Hee Law Journal 57, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 47–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15539/khlj.57.2.2.
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During the Japanese colonial period, the concept of the succession of ancestor-worship was recorded as a customary law of Joseon. If it is expressed as succession to the son who performs the ancestral rites after the deceased father, then there is no big problem. The problem lies in creating the term of the‘succession of ancestor-worship' and assigning it a kind of private rights to it as an inheritance object. It is very difficult to understand the thesis logically. Therefore the author traces the thesis and critically examines the discourse on the‘succession of ancestor-worship' which was basically formed by Japanese judicial officials during the Japanese colonial period.
In Part II, four specific examples of the Joseon Dynasty that may have provoked discourse on the‘succession of ancestor-worship' were presented as a cornerstone of criticism of the theory formed during the Japanese colonial period. Although there was a possibility that the descendants who were identified as jeoktong (嫡統) or jongtong (宗通) could be conferred official posts, it is not 100% conferred. No public office is conferred unless recommended by a high-ranking central official or directed by the monarch. In such a situation, it is doubtful what kind of profit would be acceptable to the descendants who were identified.
In Part III, the definition of inheritance developed by Japanese jurists around the 1900s was reviewed. They did not attempt to define inheritance (succession) as an abstract concept beyond ethnocentrism. In this position, it is difficult to objectively objectify the reality of Joseon history and culture.
In Part Ⅳ, the records of the resolution of the government-level institutional inquiry committee in 1923, 10 years after the Japanese colonial rule began to manage the Joseon Dynasty, were reviewed. The content of this resolution was not much different from the description of the customs investigation report of the 1910s.
Part V is the conclusion part. Distortion theory and creation theory have been proposed regarding the results of the survey on customs of Joseon, recorded and organized by the Japanese. Not all of the results of the survey on Korean customs recorded and organized by the Japanese are distortions or creations. However, it is true that there have been some distortions and creations. The fundamental reason for distortion and creation lies in the colonialist assimilation policy. Another factor is the lack of abstraction ability for colonialists to properly read the history and culture of the colonized area.
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Hansen, Karen Tranberg, Ladislav Holy, and Peter R. Knauss. "Strategies and Norms in a Changing Matrilineal Society: Descent, Succession and Inheritance among the Toka of Zambia." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 23, no. 3 (1989): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485202.
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Nevola, Fabrizio. "Home Shopping." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.2.153.
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Fabrizio Nevola considers the form, function, and significance of shops and the other commercial spaces contained in the ground floors of the Renaissance palaces of Siena, Florence, and Rome. Home Shopping: Urbanism, Commerce, and Palace Design in Renaissance Italy also investigates the social interaction between the private environment of the home and the public space of the street. Contrary to much that has been written about the palaces of the fifteenth century, their designers did not abandon botteghe (shops), nor more broadly construed commercial functions. The resulting buildings are hybrid structures in which the proud individual façades of private patrons' palaces were configured to serve the needs of trade. Today, urban space is largely experienced as a succession of shop fronts, and commercial activities overwhelm all other functions. Early modern Italy was not much different.
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Crippa, Gaia, Andrea Baucon, Fabrizio Felletti, Gianluca Raineri, and Daniele Scarponi. "A multidisciplinary study of ecosystem evolution through early Pleistocene climate change from the marine Arda River section, Italy." Quaternary Research 89, no. 2 (March 2018): 533–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.10.
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AbstractThe Arda River marine succession (Italy) is an excellent site to apply an integrated approach to paleoenvironmental reconstructions, combining the results of sedimentology, body fossil paleontology, and ichnology to unravel the sedimentary evolution of a complex marine setting in the frame of early Pleistocene climate change and tectonic activity. The succession represents a subaqueous extension of a fluvial system, originated during phases of advance of fan deltas affected by high-density flows triggered by river floods, and overlain by continental conglomerates, indicating a relative sea level fall and the establishment of a continental environment. An overall regressive trend is observed through the section, from prodelta to delta front and intertidal settings. The hydrodynamic energy and the sedimentation rate are not constant through the section, but they are influenced by hyperpycnal flows, whose sediments were mainly supplied by an increase in Apennine uplift and erosion, especially after 1.80 Ma. The Arda section documents the same evolutionary history of coeval successions in the Paleo-Adriatic region, as well as the climatic changes of the early Pleistocene. The different approaches used complement quite well one another, giving strength and robustness to the obtained results.
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MO, Zhengyi. "The Comparison and Exploration of the Subject Difference between Lamentations and Lament of Capital Ying." International Journal of Sino-Western Studies 21 (December 9, 2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.21.143.
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Lamentations and lament of capital Ying are models of city lament in ancient Hebrew-and Chinese classical literary traditions respectively. A comparative study shows that there are significant subject difference between lamentations and lament of capital Ying . Lamentations is the collective works, and its compilation and inheritance function as emotional expression of sufferings of the past, present and future of the Jewish people, reflecting their infinite belief of transcendent God . In contrast, lament of capital Ying is the creation of Qu Yuan, and under the influence of the sage's commitment to the mandate of heaven by his individual virtue. The poetry expresses Qu Yuan’s personal grief through a special literary technique and its succession and experience in later generations are mainly individual. The subject difference of two poetry is a reflection of different development trajectories of the humans-transcendent relationship in Hebrew- and the Chinese civilizations of the Axial Age.
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Milburn, Olivia. "Kingship and Inheritance in the State of Wu: Fraternal Succession in Spring and Autumn Period China (771-475 BC)." T'oung Pao 90, no. 4 (2004): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568532043628359.
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KORTEN, CHRISTOPHER. "The Fight for Inheritances in the Papal States during the Restoration, 1814–1830." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 71, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046919000654.
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This article looks at a common societal feature – the inheritance – examining how it became a prized source of income following the French Revolution and, therefore, a divisive element. The Restoration in the Papal States (1814–30) produced unexpected legal battles over the right of inheritances; family members as well as the monasteries of ex-religious, secularised during the Napoleonic period in Italy, contested the beneficiary status of wills. Such was the frequency and acrimony of the disputes that a special commission was created in 1827 to curb future debate. All told, these legal battles favoured ecclesiastical institutions over secular or family interests, and loosened the bonds between the Catholic Church and society during the Risorgimento.
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Bob-Bocșan, Mircea Dan, and Anthony Matthew Dima Murphy. "The Foundations of the Unworthy Heir Rule in Romania." European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 6 (December 1, 2021): 913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021047.
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Within the Civilian legal tradition, the unworthy heir rule has been established on both objective and subjective grounds. In France, the Code Napoleon enshrined said rule as a creation of law, without the deceased having any say in its operation. The Napoleonic model was later borrowed into the civil codes of Italy and Romania, thus expanding the doctrine of an objective unworthiness to their legal systems. Nevertheless, the Romanian Civil Code of 2009 empowered the deceased to remove said penalty through an explicit pardon. Since this new prerogative is a distinctive feature of the subjective foundation, the reform has rather significant implications for Romanian succession law. Essentially, the authors argue that the unworthy heir rule has always been founded upon a mixture of public policy and private interest, with the only variable being the dominating factor. Within the broader field of succession law, the legislator aims to achieve balance between the imperative nature of public policy and freedom of testation on the one hand, and between the private interests of the deceased and his family on the other. Whilst the Civil Code of 2009 does restore the Roman notion of an unworthiness subordinated to the deceased’s intention, it also preserves the public policy foundation. Its real merit consists of acknowledging that the very concept of inheritance is based upon the presumed intention of the deceased: an unworthy heir forfeits his right to inherit the deceased as a result of breaching the bond of affection which is presumed to exist between them, yet only the latter can have the final say in this matter. In contrast, the Civil Code of 1864 failed to achieve such a balance since it transplanted an ideologized public policy, residue of the French Revolution.
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Bochkareva, Elena S. "MERCHANTS AND NOBLES LUGININS: THREE GENERATIONS OF THE ZLATOUST FACTORIES OWNERS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY." Ural Historical Journal 72, no. 3 (2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-3(72)-91-98.
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The article presents the history of the ownership of Zlatoust mining plants by three generations of the Luginin family. It shows direct dependence of the dynamics of ownership and inheritance of plants on the vicissitudes of the family history. It is established that the founder of the Zlatoust factory farm, L. I. Luginin, relied in his business activities on the help of his son Maxim, who took over the management and control of a new part of the family business — the Ural factories in 1769. M. L. Luginin died in the middle of 1770s and L. I. Luginin was left without an assistant and a trained heir. The grandchildren of the factory owner, due to the life circumstances associated with their new noble status, character traits and age, failed to adopt the grandfather’s experience and did not become an equivalent replacement for their father. After the death of the founder, during the period of guardianship management of the factories, the middle grandson, Larion Maksimovich, showed interest in the factories, but he also died before he had been in the factories for two years. The transfer of ownership of the district to the most unworthy of the heirs, I. M. Luginin, eventually led to the exit of the estate from the possession of the family. Zlatoust factories, located far from the rest of the family’s possessions, required constant control of the owner, his participation in the management. In this case, the succession should have been manifested in the active participation of the heirs in the management of the district, personal control over the execution of orders. It is concluded that the succession of generations of the family is of great importance in the early stages of the organization of the business, when the personal control of the owner is a significant factor in the preservation of the business in the hands of the family.
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KASTURI, MALAVIKA. "‘Asceticising’ Monastic Families: Ascetic Genealogies, Property Feuds and Anglo-Hindu Law in Late Colonial India." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 5 (September 2009): 1039–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x08003843.
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AbstractThis paper examines a fundamental premise of Anglo-Hindu law on succession between 1860 and 1940, that kinship was emblematic of secular modes of living, to analyse its implications for the assertion of masculinity within ascetic orders in northern India. Legal discourses engaged with rights to succession within ascetic orders, by functioning on the assumption that the renunciatory life of ascetics was antithetical to sexuality and domesticity. This institutionalization of law, that defined asceticism and fixed ascetic masculinities within a legal frame, occurred with the consent of ascetic orders concerned with the ownership and distribution of property, even though sexuality and gender played a central role in shaping relationships within sacred spaces. Myriad ties embracing the language of kinship shaped ascetic orders. Bonds of sentiment and sexual attachment over-lapped with, sustained, and produced the bonds tying spiritual preceptors to their disciples. Relationships within ascetic families, consisting of men, their female companions, children and relatives, along with their attendant obligations were validated through rights of ownership and inheritance to property. Taking advantage of Anglo-Hindu law by the early twentieth century, ascetic orders sought to ‘purify’ their genealogies through the medium of property disputes fought in colonial courts. By manipulating the legal meanings ascribed to asceticism, masculinity and renunciation, these orders effaced unwanted members from their orders with varying degrees of success, especially women and children.
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Pieruccini, Pierluigi, Claudio Di Celma, Federico Di Rita, Donatella Magri, Giorgio Carnevale, Piero Farabollini, Luca Ragaini, and Mauro Caffau. "Sedimentology, faunal content and pollen record of Middle Pleistocene palustrine and lagoonal sediments from the Peri-Adriatic basin, Abruzzi, eastern central Italy." Quaternary Research 86, no. 3 (November 2016): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2016.08.003.
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AbstractA 25 m-thick outcrop section exposed at Torre Mucchia, on the sea-cliff north of Ortona, eastern central Italy, comprises a rare Middle Pleistocene succession of shallow-water and paralic sediments along the western Adriatic Sea. An integrated study of the section, including facies and microfacies analyses, and characterization of paleobiological associations (mollusks, fishes, ostracods, foraminifers and pollen), enable a detailed reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions during deposition. The shallow-water deposits include a transgressive, deepening- and fining-upward shoreface to offshore-transition facies succession overlain by a regressive shoreface-foreshore sandstone body with an erosive base and a rooted and pedogenically altered horizon at the top that imply deposition during sea-level fall. This forced regressive unit is overlain by paralic strata forming a transgressive succession comprising palustrine carbonates and back-barrier lagoonal mudstones. The palustrine carbonates exhibit some of the typical features encountered in palustrine limestones deposited within seasonal freshwater wetlands (marl prairies). Following the sea-level rising trend, the freshwater marshes were abruptly replaced by a barrier-lagoon system that allowed deposition of the overlying mud-rich unit. Within these deposits, the faunal assemblages are consistent with a low-energy brackish environment characterized by a relatively high degree of confinement. The pollen record documents the development of open forest vegetation dominated by Pinus and accompanied by a number of mesophilous and thermophilous tree taxa, whose composition supports a tentative correlation with Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 17. The new pollen record from Torre Mucchia improves our understanding of the vegetation development in the Italian Peninsula during the Middle Pleistocene and sheds new light on the role played by the most marked glacial periods in determining the history of tree taxa.
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Santomassimo, Gianpasquale. "Metabolizzare il fascismo." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 77 (May 2009): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2009-077010.
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- Santomassimo discusses Luca La Rovere's book The Inheritance of Fascism. The A. reconstructs the ample discussions that developed in the immediate postwar period in cultural circles - and among the young - about the responsibilities, consensus and legacies of the regime in the history of the Republic, that refute the widespread image of Italians as opportunistic "turncoats" in the postwar years. What emerges from the study are the limits of the debate on the "metabolization" of Italian fascism in the subsequent period, particularly since the 1960s, in contrast to that in Germany about the responsibilities and collective guilt of the Nazi experience.Key words: Italy, Fascism, Post-fascism, transition, intellectuals.Parole chiave: Italia, fascismo, post-fascismo, transizione, intellettuali.
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Grechenko, V. A. "Research of Civil and Legal Relations of Kievan Rus Period Made by Professor P. P. Tsitovich (1843-1913)." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 81, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2018.2.04.
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The subject matter of the research is the creative work of the professor of Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odesa and St. Petersburg Universities P. P. Tsitovich related to some aspects of the law of Kievan Rus. The novelty of the work is the fact that this problem in the historical and legal literature has not been studied yet. For the first time, the author of the article has studied the main aspects of scientific research accomplished by professor P. P. Tsitovich in the field of civil law of the period of the Old Russian State. The author of this research has used historical, formal and logical methods.
It has been discovered that the first sources were Russo-Byzantine treaties of the X century, which were the beginning of his research; the author of the article has accomplished a comparative analysis of his points of view on these issues as well as the opinions of his contemporaries – scholars from other Universities; has analyzed his thoughts about testamentary heritage in the Ancient Russia era.
It has been also established that P. P. Tsitovich concluded that the treaties between Rus and Byzantine Empire of the X century are irrelevant for the history of Russian succession law both in nature and through the confusion of the resolutions contained there. He believed that they did not determine the system and procedure of inheritance. This point of view did not coincide with the opinion of most law historians of that time.
P. Tsitovich also expressed his opinion about the general characteristics of the property relations of the Kievan Rus era. He believed that the land itself did not have any value in that era and it was only received as a household.
P. Tsitovich also expressed his opinion that the equal relations between men and women in the family are possible, in case if a woman was not stolen and was not purchased, but voluntary got married like in the equal to equal relationships.
The scholar’s work put forward two dogmas related to inheritance: 1) heirs – are children in general, but the preference is given to men over women; 2) unmarried women have the right to a part of the inheritance if there are brothers.
The works of P. P. Tsitovich in the sphere of succession law and marital relations of the Kievan Rus era have a certain significance at the present time.
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Vezzoni, Simone, Diego Pieruccioni, Yuri Galanti, Cristian Biagioni, and Andrea Dini. "Permian Hydrothermal Alteration Preserved in Polymetamorphic Basement and Constraints for Ore-genesis (Alpi Apuane, Italy)." Geosciences 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100399.
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The reconstruction of the polymetamorphic history of basement rocks in orogens is crucial for deciphering past geodynamic evolution. However, the current petrographic features are usually interpreted as the results of the metamorphic recrystallization of primary sedimentary and/or magmatic features. In contrast, metamorphic rocks derived by protoliths affected by pre-metamorphic hydrothermal alterations are rarely recognized. This work reports textural, mineralogical and geochemical data of metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks from the Paleozoic succession of the Sant’Anna tectonic window (Alpi Apuane, Tuscany, Italy). These rocks were recrystallized and reworked during the Alpine tectono-metamorphic event, but the bulk composition and some refractory minerals (e.g., tourmaline) are largely preserved. Our data show that the Paleozoic rocks from the Alpi Apuane were locally altered by hydrothermal fluids prior to Alpine metamorphism, and that the Permian magmatic cycle was likely responsible for this hydrothermal alteration. Finally, the Ishikawa Alteration Index, initially developed for magmatic rocks, was applied to metasedimentary rocks, providing a useful geochemical tool for unravelling the hydrothermal history of Paleozoic rocks, as well as a potential guide to the localization of hidden ore deposits in metamorphic terranes.
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Casero, Cristina, and Federica Muzzarelli. "Feminism and Italian Photography: Notes on the Inheritance of New Generations from the 1970s." Journal of Asia-Pacific Pop Culture 6, no. 2 (November 2021): 262–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jasiapacipopcult.6.2.0262.
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Abstract Following the current perspectives offered by international gender and feminist studies, this article aims to analyze the history of Italian photography, focusing on the period from the 1970s up to today, investigating the sources from a different viewpoint, and starting from new questions which identify the contribution of events and authors to feminist photography in Italy. The article also aims to respond to the many still open questions regarding the space of visibility of women in Italian photography. And in particular: How does the new generation of Italian women photographers relate to the Italian feminist heritage? Is it possible to trace a shared poetics in their work that characterizes their belonging to a common theoretical and practical dimension that can be defined as feminist? Or do they reject cultural labels and heritages from which they feel alienated?
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Schulze, E. D., G. Mischì, G. Asche, and A. Börner. "Land-use history and succession of Larix decidua in the Southern Alps of Italy–An essay based on a cultural history study of Roswitha Asche." Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 202, no. 8 (November 2007): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2007.05.003.
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