Journal articles on the topic 'Inherent environmental friendliness'
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Della Pina, Cristina, Emanuele Zappa, Giorgio Busca, Pedro Costa, Senentxu Lanceros-Mendéz, Annalisa Sironi, and Ermelinda Falletta. "Towards “Green” Smart Materials for Force and Strain Sensors: The Case of Polyaniline." Key Engineering Materials 644 (May 2015): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.644.157.
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Stress/strain sensors constitute a class of devices with a global ever-growing market thanks to their use in many fields of modern life. As an alternative to the traditional compounds, that exhibit low inherent resistivity and limited flexibility, in the present work we will show the advantages to employ a smart material, polyaniline (PANI), prepared by an innovative green route, for force/strain sensor applications, wherein simple processing, environmental friendliness and sensitivity are particularly required.
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Gunasekera, M. Y., and D. W. Edwards. "Assessing the inherent atmospheric environmental friendliness of chemical process routes: An unsteady state distribution approach for a catastrophic release." Computers & Chemical Engineering 30, no. 4 (February 2006): 744–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2005.12.004.
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Luo, Tian, Shanghui Tian, Jie-Ping Wan, and Yunyun Liu. "Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Free Halogenation of C(sp2)-H Bonds." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 10 (June 1, 2021): 1180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210122094423.
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C-X (X = halogen) bonds are indispensable functional groups in organic synthesis by mediating a massive number of important organic reactions. While a variety of different catalytic strategies are available for generating C-X bonds, those methods enabling the C-X bond formation under transition metal-free conditions via the C-H bond functionalization are particularly interesting because of the inherent atom economy and environmental friendliness associated with such methods. Herein, the advancements in the transition metal-free halogenation of C(2)-H bond are reviewed.
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Khomenko, Uliana-Magdalyna. "MICRO HOUSING AS A MODERN TREND IN ARCHITECTURE." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 80 (May 30, 2022): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2022.80.403-415.
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The article presents the fundamental problems, challenges and social requests shaping modern housing architecture trends. Popular trends in the development of residential architecture in the conditions of the rapid growth of cities and the spread of the urban lifestyle are considered. The concept of the modernity of architecture and the main features inherent in modern volumetric planning solutions are defined. Approaches of energy efficiency, environmental friendliness of project solutions, contextuality and social orientation of the architectural object as trends of sustainable architecture are studied. Ways of applying modern technologies and building materials that allow implementing ideas of sustainability in architecture are presented. The phenomenon of micro-housing in different forms, locations and hierarchical levels is analyzed.
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Zou, Zhiqiang, Lingmei Dai, Dehua Liu, and Wei Du. "Research Progress in Enzymatic Synthesis of Vitamin E Ester Derivatives." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060739.
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Vitamin E is easily oxidized by light, air, oxidizing agents and heat, limiting its application in many ways. Compared to vitamin E, vitamin E ester derivatives exhibit improved stability and a stronger antioxidant capacity, and even gain new biological functions. In recent years, enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E ester derivatives has received increasing attention due to its environmental friendliness, high catalytic efficiency, and inherent selectivity. This paper reviews the related progress of lipase-mediated preparation of vitamin E ester derivatives. The function of different vitamin E ester derivatives, and the main factors influencing the enzymatic acylation process, including enzyme species, acyl donor and acceptor, reaction media and water activity, are summarized in this paper. Finally, the perspective of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of vitamin E ester derivatives is also discussed.
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Scarel, Erica, Giovanni Pierri, Petr Rozhin, Simone Adorinni, Maurizio Polentarutti, Consiglia Tedesco, and Silvia Marchesan. "Self-Assembly and Gelation Study of Dipeptide Isomers with Norvaline and Phenylalanine." Chemistry 4, no. 4 (November 2, 2022): 1417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry4040093.
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Dipeptides have emerged as attractive building blocks for supramolecular materials thanks to their low-cost, inherent biocompatibility, ease of preparation, and environmental friendliness as they do not persist in the environment. In particular, hydrophobic amino acids are ideal candidates for self-assembly in polar and green solvents, as a certain level of hydrophobicity is required to favor their aggregation and reduce the peptide solubility. In this work, we analyzed the ability to self-assemble and the gel of dipeptides based on the amino acids norvaline (Nva) and phenylalanine (Phe), studying all their combinations and not yielding to enantiomers, which display the same physicochemical properties, and hence the same self-assembly behavior in achiral environments as those studied herein. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction of all the compounds revealed fine details over their molecular packing and non-covalent interactions.
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Li, Xiang, Yan Wang, Linze Lv, Guobin Zhu, Qunting Qu, and Honghe Zheng. "Electroactive organics as promising anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion and sodium ion batteries." Energy Materials 2, no. 2 (2022): 200014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.11.
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Electroactive organics have attracted significant attention as electrode materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries because of their structural diversity, molecular adjustability, abundance, flexibility, environmental friendliness and low cost. To date, a large number of organic materials have been applied in a variety of energy storage devices. However, the inherent problems of organic materials, such as their dissolution in electrolytes and low electronic conductivity, have restricted the development of organic electrodes. In order to solve these problems, many groups have carried out research and remarkable progress has been made. Nevertheless, most reviews of organic electrodes have focused on the positive electrode rather than the negative electrode. This review first provides an overview of the recent work on organic anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries. Six categories of organic anodes are summarized and discussed. Many of the key factors that influence the electrochemical performance of organic anodes are highlighted and their prospects and remaining challenges are evaluated.
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Xiao, Qian, Qing-Xiao Tong, and Jian-Ji Zhong. "Recent Advances in Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis for the Thiol-Ene/Yne Reactions." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030619.
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Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been established as a popular and powerful tool for organic transformations owing to its inherent characterization of environmental friendliness and sustainability in the past decades. The thiol-ene/yne reactions, the direct hydrothiolation of alkenes/alkynes with thiols, represents one of the most efficient and atom-economic approaches for the carbon-sulfur bonds construction. In traditional methodologies, harsh conditions such as stoichiometric reagents or a specialized UV photo-apparatus were necessary suffering from various disadvantages. In particular, visible-light photoredox catalysis has also been demonstrated to be a greener and milder protocol for the thiol-ene/yne reactions in recent years. Additionally, unprecedented advancements have been achieved in this area during the past decade. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in visible-light photoredox catalyzed thiol-ene/yne reactions from 2015 to 2021. Synthetic strategies, substrate scope, and proposed reaction pathways are mainly discussed.
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Hariprakash, S. R., and T. Prakash. "A Review on Microalgae Biofuel Production and use in CI Engine Applications." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i04.006.
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Alternative fuel technology of third-generation biofuels in place of conventional fossil fuels is currently being witnessed at a global level. Due to its sustainability and environmental friendliness, in recent years more importance is being given to biodiesel in CI engine applications. Recent trends show that microalgae are promoted as a bio-fuel due to their inherent advantages of abundant availability of oil sources and faster growth rate with ease of cultivation. Particular species of algae such as Chlorella, Botryococcus braunii, and Scenedesmus obliquus are conventionally favored for biodiesel production as they have a prominent amount of lipids content. This review outlines the current state of experimental investigations on the use of different algae biodiesel blends with diesel for CI engines. Amongst the different algae-based biodiesel, the dual Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester blend (CIME20) with DEE demonstrated the maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and better brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of CI engines. In terms of emissions, the CO, UBHC, and smoke levels are significantly lower for algae blends in contrast to neat diesel.
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Hou, Yu, Qi Zhao, Yu Guo, Xionghao Ren, Tianwei Lai, and Shuangtao Chen. "Application of Gas Foil Bearings in China." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 6210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136210.
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Gas foil bearing has been widely used in high-speed turbo machinery due to its oil-free, wide temperature range, low cost, high adaptability, high stability and environmental friendliness. In this paper, state-of-the-art investigations of gas foil bearings are reviewed, mainly on the development of the high-speed turbo machinery in China. After decades of development, progress has been achieved in the field of gas foil bearing in China. Small-scale applications of gas foil bearing have been realized in a variety of high-speed turbo machinery. The prospects and markets of high-speed turbo machinery are very broad. Various high-speed turbomachines with gas foil bearings have been developed. Due to the different application occasions, higher reliability requirements are imposed on the foil bearing technology. Therefore, its design principle, theory, and manufacturing technology should be adaptive to new application occasions before mass production. Thus, there are still a number of inherent challenges that must be addressed, for example, thermal management, rotor-dynamic stability and wear-resistant coatings.
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Cristino, Ana F., Declan Logan, João C. Bordado, and Rui Galhano dos Santos. "The Role of Ionic Liquids on Biomass Liquefaction—A Short Review of the Recent Advances." Processes 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071214.
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Biomass is recognised as one of the most attractive feedstocks among the alternative resources, having a high potential for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and biofuels. Due to its abundance, convenience, carbon neutrality and eco-friendliness, biomass is believed to positively impact the current environmental crisis caused by the extensive use of petroleum resources. For this reason, the search for processes that can convert this feedstock, resolving some inherent drawbacks, is needed. Biomass liquefaction using ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts has received appreciable attention in renewable fuels and chemicals production. With the potential for a substantial number of anion and cation pairings, ILs can be an attractive medium towards reusability and sustainability for these processes due to the unique and tunable combinations of their functional groups-and, therefore, their properties. In this review, several studies using ILs in biomass liquefaction are compared and discussed. With a particular emphasis on the last five years, advantages and disadvantages will be discussed using this class of liquids addressing essential issues such as yields, reusability and conversion, among others.
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Deng, Ze-Peng, Teng Fu, Xin Song, Zi-Li Wang, De-Ming Guo, Yu-Zhong Wang, and Fei Song. "Highly Flame-Retardant and Low Heat/Smoke-Release Wood Materials: Fabrication and Properties." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 3944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193944.
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Wood is an important renewable material exhibiting excellent physical and mechanical properties, environmental friendliness, and sustainability, and has been widely applied in daily life. However, its inherent flammability and susceptibility to fungal attack greatly limit its application in many areas. Use of fire-retardant coatings and preservatives has endowed wood with improved safety performance; importantly, the cooperative effect of dual treatments on the burning behavior and flame retardancy of wood needs to be better understood. Here, a two-step treatment for wood is proposed, with a copper–boron preservative (CBP) and a fire-retardant coating. The thermal degradation and burning behavior of treated wood were investigated. The CBP formed a physical barrier on the wood surface, facilitating a charring process at high temperatures and thus suppressing the release of heat and smoke. Notably, the dual-treated wood exhibited lower heat release and reduced smoke emission compared with the mono-treated wood, indicating a cooperative effect between CBP and fire-retardant coatings, beneficial to the improvement of fire safety. This experimental work improved fire retardance and suppressed smoke release in flammable materials, and offers a new design for developing fire-retardant coatings.
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KALINICHENKO, Sergiy, Kateryna SPODAR, Andrey GRIBINYK, Valentyna KHOLODOK, and Andrii VYNNYK. "SPECIFICS OF ORGANIZATION OF RURAL TOURISM IN FOREIGN PRACTICE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 308, no. 4 (July 28, 2022): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-308-4-43.
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The development of tourism in rural areas is a tool of the redistributive model to reduce the gap between the most backward rural areas and other sectors of the economy. In fact, in many rural areas of Europe, agriculture has ceased to be the most important form of land use and the most important activity of the rural community. In the world tourist practice, recreation in the countryside has long been steadily popular. This is due to the fact that the more people learn about the adverse effects of the urban environment on health, the more popular is the rest in a remote area. International practice shows that the development of rural tourism is a major socio-economic program to transfer part of the agricultural sector from production to services. It should be noted that within rural tourism is practiced and direct production activities: the revival and development of various folk and artistic crafts, traditional handicrafts, production of environmentally friendly products. Rural tourism also allows you to find ways and means to preserve nature. In many countries, the development of this type of tourism has become the main direction of protection and reproduction of national rural landscapes. From the functional point of view, rural tourism is closely related to other types of tourism, especially recreational, cultural, specialized types of tourism – skiing, hunting, fishing, worship and more. was. All this allows to include rural tourism in combined tours, which increases the demand for traditional tourism products. Regardless of the specifics of specific areas, the concept of rural tourism development, in addition to the economic (commercial) context, as a rule, also have a certain ideological meaning. The experience gained by tourists is formed not only in the course of their study of architectural monuments, works of art or folk art, but also through direct contact with the realities of the countryside, as inherent in its inhabitants hospitality, friendliness and friendliness.
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Win Zaw, Nay Yee, Hyeonhee Roh, Inkyum Kim, Tae Sik Goh, and Daewon Kim. "Omnidirectional Triboelectric Nanogenerator Operated by Weak Wind towards a Self-Powered Anemoscope." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040414.
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Wind is a great sustainable energy source for harvesting due to its abundant characteristic. Typically, large space, loud noise, and heavy equipment are essential for a general wind power plant and it is solely operated by big-scale wind. However, wind energy can be efficiently harvested by utilizing the triboelectric nanogenerator due to its abundance, ubiquity, and environmentally friendliness. Furthermore, a few previously reported wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators, which have the bulk fluttering layer by wind, still show difficulty in generating electricity under the conditions of weak wind because of the static friction arisen from the inherent structure. In this case, the output performance is deteriorated as well as the generator cannot operate completely. In this work, a wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (wind-TENG) based on the fluttering of the PTFE strips is proposed to solve the aforementioned problems. At the minimum operating wind pressure of 0.05 MPa, this wind-driven TENG delivers the open-circuit voltage of 3.5 V, short-circuit current of 300 nA, and the associated output power density of 0.64 mW/m2 at the external load resistance of 5 MΩ. Such conditions can be used to light up seven LEDs. Moreover, this wind-TENG has been utilized as a direction sensor which can sense the direction at which the wind is applied. This work thus provides the potential application of the wind-TENG as both self-driven electronics and a self-powered sensor system for detecting the direction under environmental wind.
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Mitra, Kalyan Yoti, Abdelrahman Alalawe, Stefanie Voigt, Christine Boeffel, and Reinhard R. Baumann. "Manufacturing of All Inkjet-Printed Organic Photovoltaic Cell Arrays and Evaluating their Suitability for Flexible Electronics." Micromachines 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9120642.
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The generation of electrical energy depending on renewable sources is rapidly growing and gaining serious attention due to its green sustainability. With fewer adverse impacts on the environment, the sun is considered as a nearly infinite source of renewable energy in the production of electrical energy using photovoltaic devices. On the other end, organic photovoltaic (OPV) is the class of solar cells that offers several advantages such as mechanical flexibility, solution processability, environmental friendliness, and being lightweight. In this research, we demonstrate the manufacturing route for printed OPV device arrays based on conventional architecture and using inkjet printing technology over an industrial platform. Inkjet technology is presently considered to be one of the most matured digital manufacturing technologies because it offers inherent additive nature and last stage customization flexibility (if the main goal is to obtain custom design devices). In this research paper, commercially available electronically functional inks were carefully selected and then implemented to show the importance of compatibility between OPV material stacks and the device architecture. One of the main outcomes of this work is that the manufacturing of the OPV devices was accomplished using inkjet technology in massive numbers ranging up to 1500 containing different device sizes, all of which were deposited on a flexible polymeric film and under normal atmospheric conditions. In this investigation, it was found that with a set of correct functional materials and architecture, a manufacturing yield of more than 85% could be accomplished, which would reflect high manufacturing repeatability, deposition accuracy, and processability of the inkjet technology.
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Ge, Hanwen, Ke Ding, Fang Guo, Xianli Wu, Naihua Zhai, and Wenbo Wang. "Green and Superior Adsorbents Derived from Natural Plant Gums for Removal of Contaminants: A Review." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010179.
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The ubiquitous presence of contaminants in water poses a major threat to the safety of ecosystems and human health, and so more materials or technologies are urgently needed to eliminate pollutants. Polymer materials have shown significant advantages over most other adsorption materials in the decontamination of wastewater by virtue of their relatively high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate. In recent years, “green development” has become the focus of global attention, and the environmental friendliness of materials themselves has been concerned. Therefore, natural polymers-derived materials are favored in the purification of wastewater due to their unique advantages of being renewable, low cost and environmentally friendly. Among them, natural plant gums show great potential in the synthesis of environmentally friendly polymer adsorption materials due to their rich sources, diverse structures and properties, as well as their renewable, non-toxic and biocompatible advantages. Natural plant gums can be easily modified by facile derivatization or a graft polymerization reaction to enhance the inherent properties or introduce new functions, thus obtaining new adsorption materials for the efficient purification of wastewater. This paper summarized the research progress on the fabrication of various gums-based adsorbents and their application in the decontamination of different types of pollutants. The general synthesis mechanism of gums-based adsorbents, and the adsorption mechanism of the adsorbent for different types of pollutants were also discussed. This paper was aimed at providing a reference for the design and development of more cost-effective and environmentally friendly water purification materials.
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Ratso, Sander, Peter Robert Walke, Valdek Mikli, Jānis Ločs, Krišjānis Šmits, Virgīnija Vītola, Andris Sutka, and Ivar Kruusenberg. "CO2 Turned into a Nitrogen Doped Carbon Catalyst for the Fuel Cell and Metal-Air Battery Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (July 7, 2022): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351515mtgabs.
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Metal-free catalysts based on nitrogen-doped carbon are among the most promising replacements for Pt-based materials on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathodes due to their inherent stability (lack of metal atoms bypasses most of the degradation mechanisms encountered in metal-based non-precious metal catalysts). However, the production of carbon nanostructures that have suitable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities for fuel cell cathode use can create massive amounts of CO2 as a by-product, which counteracts the environmental friendliness of fuel cells. Here, we demonstrate a new method for creating ORR catalysts directly from CO2, which can produce a catalyst with a negative carbon footprint instead of a positive one. Via a fused Li-K carbonate eutectic mixture or pure Li2CO3, CO2 was split into gaseous oxygen and solid carbon, which was then doped with nitrogen using a pyrolysis process with the presence of dicyandiamide and polyvinylpyrrolidone. A thorough physico-chemical characterization of the catalyst materials is presented alongside their electrocatalytic properties for the ORR. The reasons for the properties of the resulting carbon depending on the electrolyte mixture for CO2 electrolysis and deposition temperature are explored. The best performing material had ORR activity nearing that of Pt/C, showing the potential that this method has for creating competitive catalysts while remaining environmentally benign [1]. References Ratso, S.; Walke, P. R.; Mikli, V.; Ločs, J.; Šmits, K.; Vītola, V.; Šutka, A.; Kruusenberg, I. CO2 Turned into a Nitrogen Doped Carbon Catalyst for Fuel Cells and Metal–Air Battery Applications. Green Chem. 2021, 23 (12), 4435–4445. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1GC00659B. Figure 1
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Sa’ad, Hameed, Bamidele D. Omoleyomi, Elijah A. Alhassan, Ezekiel O. Ariyo, and Taiwo Abadunmi. "Mechanical performance of abrasive sandpaper made with palm kernel shells and coconut shells." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2021-0004.
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Abstract The use of agricultural wastes as additives for other valuable products has been the focus of many research efforts because of their availability, inherent properties, and environmental friendliness. Palm kernel shells (PKS) and coconut shells (CNS) are agricultural solid end products obtainable from the cracking of their fruit nuts. In this study, PKS and CNS were used to produce abrasive sandpaper following established procedures. The mechanical properties of the sandpaper produced were established. Material for application in abrasive operations must exhibit maximum hardness and compressive strength, minimal wear rate, water absorption, and density. Results showed a 20% and 25% increment in specimen hardness values for PKS and CNS respectively in samples with polyester resin content weight composition range of 7.8–22.2% based on sieve size of 250 μm. Similarly, 29.23% and 32.44% increment for PKS and CNS respectively was recorded for a sieve size of 420 μm. Samples with a high percentage of binder exhibit better wear characteristics for both PKS and CNS for the investigated parameters. As the percentage weight composition of PKS and CNS samples increases in the abrasive sandpaper composites, the water absorption properties decrease for both 250 μm and 420 μm sieve sizes. Samples compressive strength increases as the percentage weight composition of binder increases over a range of 7.8 to 22.2% for both 250 μm and 420 μm sieve sizes studied. Similarly, as the percentage weight composition of PSK and CNS increases, the sample exhibit high density for both sieve sizes. These characteristics affirmed the suitability of the abrasive composites made with PKS and CNS for frictional applications.
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Krivenko, P. V., A. G. Gelevera, A. Yu Kovalchuk, and N. V. Rogozina. "DEPENDENCE OF WHITENESS OF DECORATIVE SLAG-ALKALINE CEMENT FROM THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAGS." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 83 (June 4, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2021-83-58-66.
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The construction industry is demanding more and more quality decorative cements. The demand for them and the requirements for their performance are constantly growing. But since decorative cements are based on white Portland cement, their production is associated with the disadvantages of the production of all clinker cements low environmental friendliness, high energy consumption and high prices. They are not always able to provide decorative ecological and comfortable coatings with increased performance. In addition, many countries do not produce it and have to import it. An effective alternative to decorative clinker cements can be decorative slag-alkaline cement obtained from industrial waste. It also provides a number of special properties a wide range of colors, color fastness, high strength, high adhesion, durability and many others. But the problem associated with the use of slag-alkaline cements as decorative cements with high linen ( 70%) is the unstable chemical composition of the slag and, first of all, the different presence of iron oxides in it. It is shown that the presence of iron oxides can reduce the whiteness of decorative slag-alkaline cements due to the synthesis of compounds in them, which give the samples of blue-green color and due to the presence of iron oxides proper, which are inherent in color from brown to dark brown. The paper shows the regularities of the influence of the chemical composition of blast-furnace slags on the whiteness of an artificial slag-alkaline stone. Possibilities of obtaining decorative alkali-activated cements with a wide range of whiteness from 70 to 97% are shown. Methods of reducing the cost of slag-alkaline decorative cements by using a complex bleaching additive, where part of the expensive TiO2 can be replaced by kaolin or CaCO3, are shown. A new method for determining the whiteness of hardened materials is proposed.
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Kodnyanko, Vladimir, Stanislav Shatokhin, Andrey Kurzakov, Yuri Pikalov, Lilia Strok, Iakov Pikalov, Olga Grigorieva, and Maxim Brungardt. "Theoretical Efficiency Study of Output Lubricant Flow Rate Regulating Principle on the Example of a Two-Row Aerostatic Journal Bearing with Longitudinal Microgrooves and a System of External Combined Throttling." Mathematics 9, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9141698.
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Due to their vanishingly low air friction, high wear resistance, and environmental friendliness, aerostatic bearings are used in machines, machine tools, and devices that require high accuracy of micro-movement and positioning. The characteristic disadvantages of aerostatic bearings are low load capacity, high compliance and an increased tendency for instability. In radial bearings, it is possible to use longitudinal microgrooves, which practically exclude circumferential air leakage, and contributes to a significant increase in load-bearing capacity. To reduce compliance to zero and negative values, inlet diaphragm and elastic airflow regulators are used. Active flow compensation is inextricably linked to the problem of ensuring the stability of bearings due to the presence of relatively large volumes of gas in the regulator, which have a destabilizing effect. This problem was solved by using an external combined throttling system. Bearings with input flow regulators have a number of disadvantages-they are very energy-intensive and have an insufficiently stable load capacity. A more promising way to reduce compliance is the use of displacement compensators for the movable element. Such bearings also allow for a decrease in compliance to zero and negative values, which makes it possible to use them not only as supports, but also as active deformation compensators of the technological system of machine tools in order to reduce the time and increase the accuracy of metalworking. The new idea of using active flow compensators is to regulate the flow rate not at the inlet, but at the outlet of the air flow. This design has the energy efficiency that is inherent to a conventional bearing, but the regulation of the lubricant output flow allows the compliance to be reduced to zero and negative values. This article discusses the results of a theoretical study of the static and dynamic characteristics of a two-row radial aerostatic bearing with longitudinal microgrooves and an output flow regulator. Mathematical modeling and theoretical study of stationary modes have been carried out. Formulas for determining static compliance and load capacity are obtained. Iterative finite-difference methods for determining the dynamic characteristics of a structure are proposed. The calculation of dynamic quality criteria was carried out on the basis of the method of rational interpolation of the bearing transfer function, as a system with distributed parameters, developed by the authors. It was found that the volumes of the microgrooves do not have a noticeable effect on the bearing dynamics. It is shown that, in this design, the external combined throttling system is an effective means of maintaining stability and high dynamic quality of the design operating in the modes of low, zero and negative compliance.
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Jansson, Märit, Emma Herbert, Alva Zalar, and Maria Johansson. "Child-Friendly Environments—What, How and by Whom?" Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 4852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084852.
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The socio-physical qualities of built environments are, in several ways, of imperative importance for children growing up. The Child-Friendly Cities initiative by UNICEF, an implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, has made local governments strive toward child-friendliness. The participation of children and young people is often the focus of such projects, with a potential for a far broader scope. Besides participation processes, what important socio-physical qualities make environments child-friendly, and how can they be developed? This paper presents a structured literature review of the concept of child-friendly environments, in order to address the full socio-physical spectrum. The results focus on concrete factors that have been filtered through child-friendliness and the associated frameworks, showing an inherent dependence between the social context and the physical environment. The shaping of child-friendliness hinges on the realization of environments that are safe, fair, and with accessible and variable green and open spaces. A multi-stakeholder endeavor including, e.g., planners, designers, and managers requires clearly outlined priorities. This study lays the groundwork for further exploration of how the concept of child-friendly environments can lead to positive changes, also as part of the overall strive toward sustainable development.
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Tao, Fengbo, Kangyong Yin, Wei Liang, Haosheng Huang, Yuandi Lin, and Yuhang Song. "Research on Explosion Characteristics of Prefabricated Cabin type Li-ion Battery Energy Storage." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2166, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2166/1/012035.
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Abstract Lithium iron phosphate batteries have become the main choice for energy storage units in electrochemical energy storage due to their high safety, excellent electrochemical performance, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness. However, lithium-ion batteries inherently have safety risks. The thermal runaway of a single battery in a closed space may cause a chain reaction of surrounding batteries, and may ignite the generated combustible gas, causing serious explosion accidents. In this paper, the explosion characteristics under different initiation points of pressure relief plates are studied. The results show that the peak overpressure variation range of different detonation points in the prefabricated chamber is 1∼1.6 times the hatch opening pressure, where the peak overpressure of the detonation at the near end of the hatch is lower than that of the detonation at the distal end, reflecting the role of the detonation when the explosion energy is released to the outside of the chamber earlier. The above study can provide a reference basis for the safe operation of prefabricated cabin type energy storage power plant and the promotion of its application.
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Li, Gaojie, Siguang Guo, Ben Xiang, Shixiong Mei, Yang Zheng, Xuming Zhang, Biao Gao, Paul K. Chu, and Kaifu Huo. "Recent advances and perspectives of microsized alloying-type porous anode materials in high-performance Li- and Na-ion batteries." Energy Materials 2, no. 3 (2022): 200020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.24.
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Alloying materials (e.g., Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, and so on) are promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high capacity, suitable working voltage, earth abundance, environmental friendliness, and non-toxicity. Although some important breakthroughs have been reported recently for these materials, their dramatic volume change during alloying/dealloying causes severe pulverization, leading to poor cycling stability and safety risks. Although the nanoengineering of alloys can mitigate the volumetric expansion to some extent, there remain other drawbacks, such as low initial Columbic efficiency and volumetric energy density. Porous microscale alloys comprised of nanoparticles and nanopores inherit micro- and nanoproperties, so that volume expansion during lithiation/sodiation can be better accommodated by the porous structure to consequently release stress and improve the cycling stability. Herein, the recent progress of porous microscale alloying-type anode materials for LIBs and SIBs is reviewed by summarizing the Li and Na storage mechanisms, the challenges associated with different materials, common fabrication methods, and the relationship between the structure and electrochemical properties in LIBs and SIBs. Finally, the prospects of porous microscale alloys are discussed to provide guidance for future research and the commercial development of anode materials for LIBs and SIBs.
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Zhang, Daile, Daoguang Du, Jianghua Zhang, Zhongmin Feng, and Ting Sun. "Porous Spinel Magnesium Manganese Oxide/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Synthesized by Electrochemical Conversion as High-Performance Cathode for Aqueous Magnesium Ion Battery." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 040530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac6451.
Full textAbstract:
Aqueous magnesium ion batteries (AMIBs) have attracted great interest due to the low manufacture cost and eco-friendliness, but the lack of suitable cathodes with good electrochemical performance obstructs their development. Here, a composite of spinel magnesium manganese oxide (MgMn2O4) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a porous structure is synthesized by electrochemical conversion method and used as the cathode for the AMIB, which improves the inherent low conductivity for MgMn2O4 and enhanced its specific capacity. The electrochemical conversion method helps preserve the surface integrity and structure stability of the electrode, and the MWCNTs network provides the pathway of Mg ion migration among the MgMn2O4 particles. The obtained MgMn2O4/MWCNTs displays a discharge capacity of 322.3 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, and the capacity retention is 81.8% after 2000 iterations at 1000 mA g−1. Further, the MgMn2O4/MWCNTs//VO2 system is assembled, which displays a capacity retention rate of near 100%. The electrochemical mechanism of Mg ion insertion/extraction is investigated though the ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. This paper extends synthesis method of the high performance cathode material for AIMB system.
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Wei, Heng, Weihua Li, and Bachagha Kareem. "Recent Process in Flexible Electrodes and Textile Shaped Devices on Organic Solar Cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ta08644a.
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Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered promising wearable optoelectronic devices due to environmental friendliness, light mass and the inherent flexibility of the active layer. To achieve flexible devices, many efforts...
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tian, yadong, Song Chen, Siyu Ding, Qianwu Chen, and Jintao Zhang. "A highly conductive gel electrolyte with favourable ion transfer channels for longevous zinc-iodine batteries." Chemical Science, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2sc06035c.
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Aqueous rechargeable zinc-iodine batteries (ARZIBs), as a powerful energy alternative, have inherent advantages such as low cost, good safety, and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, uneven Zn deposition with the dendrite growth...
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Deshmukh Bhakti Bhausaheb and Deshmukh Anjali Bhausaheb. "A Review on the Synthesis of CuCo2O4 Based Electrode Material and their Application in Supercapacitors." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, March 22, 2022, 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-2925.
Full textAbstract:
Supercapacitors joined of the most promising energy storage systems are extensively studied due to their unique merits, like long-term cycling stability, fast charge rate, and low maintenance cost. it's widely known that the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors are closely associated with the structure and specific extent of the electrode materials. Therefore, many sorts of research are focused on the planning and synthesis of electrode materials with novel shapes and huge surface areas. CuCo2O4 has recently attracted enormous research interest because of the electrode materials for supercapacitors as a result of its inherent advantages including high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, and low cost. In practical applications, the CuCo2O4 still suffers from some drawbacks; for example, poor conductivity, relatively low specific capacity, and poor cycling durability. Hence, a comprehensive summary of the recent progress of CuCo2O4-based materials is critical and significant to higher understand the opportunities and challenges that such materials face. during this work, the progress of preparation methods and electrochemical performances of CuCo2O4-based materials is comprehensively reviewed. The aim of this review is to focus on a number of the advances made by CuCo2O4-based electrode materials for supercapacitors and guide future research toward closing the gap between achieved and theoretical capacity, without limiting the loading mass.
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Zhang, Yumin, Zizhen Yang, Xingquan Ji, Xuan Zhang, Zihan Yu, and Fucheng Wu. "Robust optimization of the active distribution network involving risk assessment." Frontiers in Energy Research 10 (August 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.963576.
Full textAbstract:
Inherent dynamic constraints of distributed generations (DGs) and the correlation between injected variables bring great challenges to distribution network operation. In order to improve the degree of coupling and interconnection coordination between different energy devices, improve the ability of the distribution network to cope with the uncertainty of DGs, achieve low-carbon operation, and improve the environmental friendliness of distribution network operation, this article proposes a robust optimization approach involving risk assessment. The semi-invariant method and scene clustering are used to deal with the uncertainty of DGs and load, thus formulating a robust optimization model for distribution network distribution based on risk indices. To address the time-varying constraints of energy storage systems (ESSs) and gas turbines, a two-stage box-based decomposition model is established. Dynamic constraints are included in the first stage to constrain the operating state and operating domain of the unit and ESSs. In the second stage, the multi-timescale optimization problem is transformed into multiple single-timescale optimization problems, which are solved by the column and constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm to improve the solution efficiency. The feasibility of the comprehensive optimization model based on dynamic reconfiguration and distributed robust optimization (DRO) is demonstrated with the PG&E 69 bus system.
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Dzhabrailov, Arsen, and Oleksii Palant. "THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF TRAMROAD ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE." State and regions. Series: Economics and Business, no. 4(121) (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/1814-1161/2021-4-9.
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Having completed a theoretical study of the conditions for the emergence of the main economic problems of tram enterprises functioning, the article gives a theoretical and economic evaluation of the prospects for the use of modern ballastless technologies in the construction / reconstruction of tram tracks. This proves the relevance of the chosen topic. The article also provides an analytical review on the current situation and prospects for the development of tramway track facilities of transport enterprises belonging to the communal property of city councils. The emphasis is made on recommendations for the implementation of the latest ballastless technologies for reconstruction / construction of tramways. A comparative characteristic of traditional (sleeper) and ballastless technologies is presented. It is proved that the latter is more profitable from the economic point of view, given its durability and a significant reduction in track maintenance costs, as well as preventing other negative manifestations inherent in outdated tram tracks – noise, vibration, wandering currents, etc. The possible negative tendencies of the ballastless technology application are characterized. The article also identifies the main causes of the crisis in urban electric transport and provides a detailed list of the main directions of reforming urban public electric transport. The formulated concept and measures for its implementation are undoubtedly an effective tool on the way to break even operation of municipal electric transport enterprises of the country. The measures envisaged will allow stabilizing the work of the industry enterprises, expanding the area of transport services for the population of cities, increasing the availability of transport services, putting things in order with speed, regularity, traffic safety and comfort of travel, increasing the attractiveness of urban electric transport and attracting new passengers. Therefore, we believe that in the future, during the reconstruction of existing and construction of new tramways, the implementation of projects based on the use of ballastless tracks will become the main structure of the superstructure of tramways in a megalopolis, taking into account its durability, environmental friendliness and efficiency during operation.
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Si, Fengzhan, Subiao Liu, Yue Liang, Xian-Zhu Fu, Jiujun Zhang, and Jing-Li Luo. "Fuel Cell Reactors for the Clean Cogeneration of Electrical Energy and Value-Added Chemicals." Electrochemical Energy Reviews 5, S2 (November 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41918-022-00168-0.
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AbstractFuel cell reactors can be tailored to simultaneously cogenerate value-added chemicals and electrical energy while releasing negligible CO2 emissions or other pollution; moreover, some of these reactors can even “breathe in” poisonous gas as feedstock. Such clean cogeneration favorably offsets the fast depletion of fossil fuel resources and eases growing environmental concerns. These unique reactors inherit advantages from fuel cells: a high energy conversion efficiency and high selectivity. Compared with similar energy conversion devices with sandwich structures, fuel cell reactors have successfully “hit three birds with one stone” by generating power, producing chemicals, and maintaining eco-friendliness. In this review, we provide a systematic summary on the state of the art regarding fuel cell reactors and key components, as well as the typical cogeneration reactions accomplished in these reactors. Most strategies fall short in reaching a win–win situation that meets production demand while concurrently addressing environmental issues. The use of fuel cells (FCs) as reactors to simultaneously produce value-added chemicals and electrical power without environmental pollution has emerged as a promising direction. The FC reactor has been well recognized due to its “one stone hitting three birds” merit, namely, efficient chemical production, electrical power generation, and environmental friendliness. Fuel cell reactors for cogeneration provide multidisciplinary perspectives on clean chemical production, effective energy utilization, and even pollutant treatment, with far-reaching implications for the wider scientific community and society. The scope of this review focuses on unique reactors that can convert low-value reactants and/or industrial wastes to value-added chemicals while simultaneously cogenerating electrical power in an environmentally friendly manner. Graphical Abstract A schematic diagram for the concept of fuel cell reactors for cogeneration of electrical energy and value-added chemicals