Relevant bibliographies by topics / Inhalation

Academic literature on the topic 'Inhalation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Inhalation"

1

Hansen, OR, and S. Pedersen. "Optimal inhalation technique with terbutaline Turbuhaler." European Respiratory Journal 2, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.02070637.

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The bronchodilator response after four different modes of inhalation of 0.25 mg terbutaline from a Turbuhaler was assessed, in a double-blind cross-over study, of 14 asthmatic children aged 8-14 yrs (mean 11.6 yrs). The children inhaled as fast as possible (mean peak inspiratory flow rate = 53 l.min-1), because fast inhalations have been found to be more efficient than slow inhalations when the Turbuhaler is used. Tilting the head back during inhalation and a breath-holding pause of 10 s after the inhalation had no significant effect upon bronchodilation. Furthermore, the response was the same whether the children inhaled from residual volume (RV) or functional residual capacity (FRC). These results suggest that this new inhaler can be used with a very simple inhalation technique without any loss of effect. A simple inhalation technique is likely to facilitate teaching and improve compliance.
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Bonapelli, Vijaysagar Reddy, Sujay D. J., Prakruthi J., and Sathiqali A. S. "Acute exacerbations of asthma occurring frequently time to check your techniques." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 6 (November 25, 2019): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20195167.

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Background: Asthmatics form a predominant section of patients in OPD. If poorly controlled the frequency of attacks requiring an emergency department visit adds to the burden. It was noticed that the patients who were on inhalational therapy had poor control despite the absence of other factors which could lead to exacerbations. Hence author evaluated the inhalational techniques.Methods: A prospective study undertaken in the department of medicine in tertiary care hospital in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka enlisting 25 patients admitted with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. The patients were assessed for their symptoms, signs and recurrent attacks along with their cough severity index and inhaler scores and the observations were tabulated.Results: Of the twenty-five, 15 were on inhalation therapy with various modes of deliveries. There were 15 males and 10 females from ages 20 to 50years. The number of attacks of asthma was higher in those not on inhalation therapies than those using inhalation therapies. Also, the level/severity of cough, measured as Cough Severity Index, was assessed among the two groups. Those on inhalation therapy had a lower grade of cough than those not on therapy . Mean AEC was 94 among those on inhalation therapy and 209 among those not on therapy. Inhalational score was calculated for each patient. There is a strong negative correlation of -0.709 between inhalation score and recurrent attacks, which is statistically significant (p=0.003). Lower inhalation scores were associated with recurrent attacks.Conclusions: Recurrent exacerbations in an asthmatic patient on inhalation therapy are due to improper inhalational technique. It was suggested that it is wise to spend time with the patients in authors OPD set up and teach them the correct techniques of using inhalational therapy hence reducing frequency of attacks and cost of health care in such patients.
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Smutney, Chad C., Emil M. Friedman, John M. Polidoro, and Nikhil Amin. "Inspiratory Efforts Achieved in Use of the Technosphere® Insulin Inhalation System." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 3, no. 5 (September 2009): 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193229680900300524.

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Objective: The Technosphere® Insulin (IT) inhalation system comprises TI powder premetered into unit dose cartridges and the patient-friendly, reusable, breath-powered MedTone® inhaler. This high-resistance system uses a patient's inspiratory effort to effect TI powder de-agglomeration and promote subsequent deep-lung delivery. This study reports on flow and pressure data achieved by patients with diabetes using the MedTone system. Method: MedTone inhalers containing empty cartridges were adapted with pneumotach measuring devices to capture inhalation profiles. The measuring apparatuses had negligible impact on the nominal MedTone system resistance level of 0.117 kPa0.5/liters/min. Each of 56 subjects inhaled twice to mimic TI clinical study dosing instructions. Achieved inhalation profiles were characterized by peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and average pressure drop from the time of PIP to 4 s ( Pavg) Results: The achieved mean PIF (± standard deviation [SD]) in all subjects was 26.74 (±6.06) liters/min after the first inhalation and was similar to the mean PIF of 26.25 (±6.23) liters/min achieved after the second inhalation. Mean PIP (±SD) achieved by subjects was 8.49 (±2.86) and 8.1 (±2.99) kPa, and mean Pavg drop (±SD) in all subjects was 6.53 (±2.24) and 6.09 (±2.08) kPa after the respective inhalations. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes demonstrated consistent inhalation efforts over two inhalations using the MedTone system. The achieved PIFs and PIPs demonstrate the capacity of this population to obtain sufficient inspiratory effort necessary for delivery of TI using the MedTone inhaler. Adequate postpeak pressures were also revealed, further supporting reliable and sustained inhalation efforts.
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Lassen, LH, JH Heinig, S. Oestergaard, and J. Olesen. "Histamine Inhalation is a Specific but Insensitive Laboratory Test for Migraine." Cephalalgia 16, no. 8 (December 1996): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1608550.x.

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Migraine is a subjective complaint and no laboratory test has until now been of value. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether histamine inhalation may be used as a diagnostic test for migraine. In a double blind study design, 15 migra neurs and 15 control subjects scored headache intensity and characteristics before, during, and in the subsequent 12 h after inhalation of increasing doses of histamine (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/ml). During the histamine inhalations, headaches increased dose-dependently in both groups Eleven of the migraineurs and eight of the healthy controls experienced headaches after the inhalations These headaches fulfilled the IHS criteria for migraine without aura in six of the migraineurs, but in none of the control subjects. Using this as a test parameter, the specificity of the test was 1, but the sensitivity was only 0.4. Our results indicate that histamine inhalation is a specific but insensitive laboratory test for migraine. Migraineurs should be informed about the risk of a migraine attack being provoked before histamine inhalation in pulmonary laboratories.
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van der Kolk, Annelies, Natasja Lammers, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Job van der Palen, Joyce Faber, Reina Spenkelink-Visser, and Bernard J. Thio. "Comparison of inhalation technique with the Diskus and Autohaler in asthmatic children at home." ERJ Open Research 7, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 00215–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00215-2019.

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ObjectiveAsthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood and anti-inflammatory medication is the cornerstone of treatment. Inhalers are frequently used incorrectly when demonstrated in the hospital, suggesting poor technique at home. We aimed to 1) compare daily inhalation technique with the Diskus and Autohaler in asthmatic children by filming inhalations at home and 2) compare daily inhalation technique with technique demonstrated in the hospital.MethodsWe performed a randomised study in asthmatic children (aged 6–18 years) from the outpatient clinic of Medisch Spectrum Twente hospital (Enschede, The Netherlands) from July 2014 to April 2016. Children received inhalation instructions for the Diskus and Autohaler and were randomised to use one device in the morning and the other in the evening. During the 28-day study period, inhalations were filmed at home and subsequently demonstrated in the hospital. All inhalations were checked for seven critical errors per device.Results636 videos with the Diskus and 663 with the Autohaler were provided by 27 children. The most common critical error in daily life was an incorrect device position during preparation of the Diskus (n=271) and an insufficiently deep inhalation (n=39) using the Autohaler. Percentage of correct days using the Diskus was 44%, compared to 96% with the Autohaler (p<0.001). The two most common errors with the Diskus were made at least twice as often at home than in the hospital.ConclusionInhalation technique at home was markedly better with the Autohaler than with the Diskus. Paediatricians should be aware that hospital-based demonstrations can overestimate daily inhalation technique with the Diskus.
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Agus Roy Rusly Hariantana Hamid, I Gusti Putu Hendra Sanjaya, Gede Wara Samsarga, and Ni Made Ratih Purnama Dewi. "Pathophysiology And Management Of Inhalation Trauma In Burn Patients: Literature Review." Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14228/jprjournal.v7i2.290.

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Introduction: Inhalational trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality rates in burn patients. The high mortality rate for a burn with inhalation trauma requires a good understanding of the pathophysiology to provide comprehensive treatment.Method: Electronic literature searching of the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases were conducted. Studies regarding inhalation trauma pathophysiology and its management that were eligible and available were chosen and used in this paper.Result: Inhalational trauma pathophysiology can be divided into three, namely damage to the upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, and systemic toxicity. Management can be divided based on post-exposure early management (0-72 hours) and advanced management (3-21 days).Conclusion: At present, the management of inhalation trauma is still moderately supportive. Further research based on inhalation trauma pathophysiology is still needed for effective management so that later it can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates.
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Hofauer, Benedikt, Ulrich Straßen, Adam Chaker, Beate Schossow, Magdalena Wirth, Markus Wirth, Murat Bas, and Andreas Knopf. "Liposomal Inhalation after Tracheostomy—A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 3312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153312.

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Background: Tracheostomy is a common procedure in critical care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of a liposomal inhalation compared to standard physiologic saline (SPS) inhalation on basis of objective and subjective parameters of airway inflammation. Methods: We evaluated in this two-armed, double-blinded and randomized control group study the effect of liposomal compared with SPS inhalation in newly tracheotomized patients. The primary endpoint was defined as trend of tracheobronchial IL-6 secretion at day 1 compared to day 10. Further objective and subjective parameter were evaluated. Results: Fifty patients were randomized in each arm. Tracheal IL-6 levels decreased significantly only after liposomal inhalation. Both inhalative agents seem to have an effect on the respiratory impairment after tracheostomy. Subjective patient impairment was reduced significantly from day 1 to day 10 after tracheostomy with liposomal inhalation. Conclusions: Liposomal inhalation demonstrated an advantage over SPS inhalation in newly tracheotomized patients.
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Aung, M. T., D. Garner, M. Pacquola, S. Rosenblum, J. McClure, H. Cleland, and D. V. Pilcher. "The Use of a Simple Three-Level Bronchoscopic Assessment of Inhalation Injury to Predict in-Hospital Mortality and Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Burns." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 46, no. 1 (January 2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x1804600110.

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Major burn centres in Australia use bronchoscopy to assess severity of inhalation injuries despite limited evidence as to how best to classify severity of inhalational injury or its relationship to patient outcomes. All patients with burns who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at The Alfred Hospital between February 2010 and July 2014 and underwent bronchoscopy to assess inhalational injury, were reviewed. Age, total body surface area burnt, severity of illness indices and mechanisms of injury were extracted from medical histories and local ICU and burns registries. Inhalational injury was classified based on the Abbreviated Injury Score and then grouped into three categories (none/mild, moderate, or severe injury). Univariable and multivariable analyses were undertaken to examine the relationship between inhalational injury and outcomes (in-hospital mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation). One hundred and twenty-eight patients were classified as having none/mild inhalational injury, 81 moderate, and 13 severe inhalation injury. Mortality in each group was 2.3% (3/128), 7.4% (6/81) and 30.7% (4/13) respectively. Median (interquartile range) duration of mechanical ventilation in each group was 26 (11–82) hours, 84 (32–232) hours and 94 (21–146) hours respectively. After adjusting for age, total body surface area burnt and severity of illness, only the severe inhalation injury group was independently associated with increased mortality (odds ratio 20.4 [95% confidence intervals {CI} 1.74 to 239.4], P=0.016). Moderate inhalation injury was independently associated with increased duration of ventilation (odds ratio 2.25 [95% CI 1.53 to 3.31], P <0.001), but not increased mortality. This study suggests that stratification of bronchoscopically-assessed inhalational injury into three categories can provide useful prognostic information about duration of ventilation and mortality. Larger multicentre prospective studies are required to validate these findings.
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Van Holsbeke, Cedric, Jan De Backer, Wim Vos, and Jonathan Marshall. "Use of functional respiratory imaging to characterize the effect of inhalation profile and particle size on lung deposition of inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonists delivered via a pressurized metered-dose inhaler." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 12 (January 1, 2018): 175346661876094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466618760948.

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Background: Functional respiratory imaging (FRI) uses three-dimensional models of human lungs and computational fluid dynamics to simulate functional changes within airways and predict the deposition of inhaled drugs. This study used FRI to model the effects of different patient inhalation and drug formulation factors on lung deposition of an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA) combination, administered by a pressurized metered-dose inhaler. Methods: Three-dimensional models of the lungs of six patients with asthma (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s, 83%), treated with an ICS/LABA, were included. FRI modelling was used to simulate (1) the effects on lung deposition of inhalation duration and particle size [fine particle fraction (FPF), proportion of particles <5 µm; and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), average size of inhalable particles]; (2) deposition of fluticasone propionate/formoterol (FP/FORM) 125/5 µg; and (3) how inhalation profiles and flow rates affected FP/FORM deposition. Results: Total lung depositions (TLDs) following 1-, 3- and 5-s inhalations were 22.8%, 36.1% and 41.6% (metered dose), respectively, and central-to-peripheral deposition (C:P) ratios were 1.81, 0.86 and 0.61, respectively. TLD increased with increasing FPF, from ~8% at 10% FPF to ~36% at 40% FPF (metered dose); by contrast, MMAD had little effect on TLD, which was similar across MMADs (1.5–4.5 µm) at each FPF. FP/FORM deposited throughout central and peripheral airways with gradual (sinusoidal) and sharp (rapid) inhalations. TLD ranged from 35.8 to 44.0% (metered dose) for gradual and sharp inhalations at 30 and 60 L/min mean flow rates. Conclusions: These data provide important insights into the potential effects of inhalation characteristics (inhalation profile and duration) and aerosol formulation (FPF) on lung deposition of inhaled therapies. FRI thus represents a useful alternative to scintigraphy techniques. Future FRI studies will further our understanding of the deposition of inhaled drugs and help improve the management of asthma.
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Ilchenko, S. I., A. O. Fialkovska, V. I. Cherhinets, and K. V. Skriabina. "Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of inhaled hypertonic salines of sodium chloride in pediatric practice." Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives) 26, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.1.227953.

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In modern pediatric practice, inhalated hypertonic saline (IHS) is often used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. However, the potential development of serious side effects in children is not predicted. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of IHS of various concentrations in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The study involved 34 children with CF aged 6 to 18 years (middle age is 13.0±4.4 years). The comparison group consisted of 27 children (middle age is 7.8±2.3 years) without chronic respiratory diseases. The study included three consecutive inhalations. Sterile 0.9% NaCl solution was used for the first inhalation, 3 % NaCl solution – for the second one and 7% NaCl solution – for the third inhalation. For children under 7 years of age, a patented method of obtaining sputum without forced coughing was used. Spirometry was performed before and after each inhalation, and clinical changes were analyzed. It was noted that after inhalation of IHS, the cough in patients became more productive, moist rales were more often heard over the entire surface of the lungs. The activity of induced sputum secretion after inhalation of 3% and 7% NaCl solution did not differ significantly. However, after inhalation of 7% NaCl solution, side effects, such as sore throat, shortness of breath, spastic cough, auscultatory symptoms of bronchospasm were recorded significantly more often compared with lower concentrations of the solution. The decrease in FEV1 was observed in 5.8% of patients after inhalation of 3% NaCl solution and in 11.8% of patients after inhalation of 7% NaCl solution, which was significantly associated with the clinical symptoms of bronchospasm. Inhalation of IHS has an effective mucolytic effect in patients with CF, however, it is necessary to determine the individual sensitivity of the patient to predict a positive therapeutic effect.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inhalation"

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Bayer, Andreas. "Inhalation von Stickstoffmonoxid." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-53068.

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Learoyd, Tristan P. "Controlled release in inhalation." Thesis, Aston University, 2007. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11061/.

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Inhalation has become an increasingly viable alternate route to oral dosing, with the advantage of treating local disease with minimal systemic side effects (Hickey, 1992). However, increasingly complicated medication regimens associated with the necessity of the repeated dosing of multiple agents used in treating pulmonary disease has been shown to compromise both disease management and patient convenience. In this study the viability of spray drying to introduce controlled release vectors into dry powders for inhalation was investigated. The first experimental section highlights the use of leucine in producing highly respirable spray dried powders, with in vitro respirable fractions (Fine particle fraction, FPF: F < 5µm) exceeding 80% of the total dose. The second experimental chapter introduces the biocompatible polymer chitosan (mw 190 – 310 kDa) to formulations containing leucine with findings of increased FPF with increasing leucine concentration (up to 82%) and the prolonged release of the active markers terbulataline sulfate (up to 2 hours) and beclometasone dipropionate (BDP: up to 12 hours) with increasing chitosan molecular weight. Next, the thesis details the use of a double emulsion format in delivering the active markers salbutamol sulfate and BDP at differing rates; using the polymers poly-lactide co-glycolide (PLGA 50:50 and PLGA 75:25) and/or chitosan incorporating leucine as an aerosolisation enhancer the duration of in vitro release of both agents reaching 19 days with FPF exceeding 60%. The final experimental chapter involves dual aqueous and organic closed loop spray drying to create controlled release dry powders for inhalation with in vitro sustained release exceeding 28 days and FPF surpassing 55% of total loaded dose. In conclusion, potentially highly respirable sustained release dry powders for inhalation have been produced by this research using the polymers chitosan and/or PLGA as drug release modifiers and leucine as an aerosolisation enhancer.
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Renfrew, C. W. "Studies in inhalation anaesthesia delivery." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273051.

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Pitchayajittipong, Chonladda. "Engineering of particles for inhalation." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501621.

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Current pharmaceutical engineering for the manufacture of binary and combined dry powder inhaler (DPI) dosage forms relies on destructive strategies such as micronisation to generate respirable drug particles. Such processes are inefficient and difficult to control to produce particles of defined quality and functionality for inhaled drug delivery, which can affect drug product performance throughout the shelf-life of the product. Furthermore, owing to current pharmaceutical manufacturing practises of combined inhalation products, these products are subject to greater variability in dose delivery of each active, which may be perpetuated as a function of product storage conditions and limit clinical efficacy of the drug product. Hence, there is a requirement of processes that may enable production of binary and combination DPI products that will allow actives to be delivered more efficiently and independently of dose variations. The aim, therefore, of this study was to develop the solution atomisation and crystallisation by sonication (SAX) process for engineering of single and combination drug particles with suitable physicochemical properties for delivery to the lungs. The SAX process consists of key stages, which include, solution atomisation to produce aerosol droplets, generation of highly supersaturated droplets by evaporation of carrier solvent from aerosol droplet, collection of droplets in a crystallisation vessel containing appropriate non-solvent and the application of ultrasonic waves to the crystallisation vessel. Atomisation of a 1.5% w/v solution of budesonide in dichloromethane resulted in particles with defined surface geometry, which were formulated in binary dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations and assessed using the next generation impactor.
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Falcone, Pin Bruno Nicolás. "Physicochemical properties of inhalation drugs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648175.

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Steiner, Thierry. "Intoxications collectives aiguës par inhalation." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M191.

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Kwok, Philip Chi Lip. "Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1934.

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Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation is a relatively new research area. Charge properties of these particles are largely unknown but electrostatic forces have been proposed to potentially influence lung deposition. Investigation on the relationship between formulation and aerosol charging is required to understand the fundamental mechanisms. A modified electrical low pressure impactor was employed to measure the particles generated from metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers. This equipment provides detailed size and charge information of the aerosols. The particles were sized by impaction onto thirteen stages. The net charges in twelve of the size fractions were detected and recorded by sensitive electrometers. The drug deposits were quantified by chemical assay. The aerosol charge profiles of commercial metered dose inhalers were product-dependent, which was due to differences in the drug, formulation, and valve stem material. The calculated number of elementary charges per drug particle of size ≤ 6.06 μm ranged from zero to several ten thousands. The high charge levels on particles may have a potential effect on the deposition of the aerosol particles in the lung when inhaled. New plastic spacers marketed for use with metered dose inhalers were found to possess high surface charges on the internal walls, which was successfully removed by detergent-coating. Detergent-coated spacer had higher drug output than the new ones due to the reduced electrostatic particle deposition inside the spacer. Particles delivered from spacers carried lower inherent charges than those directly from metered dose inhalers. Those with higher charges might be susceptible to electrostatic forces inside the spacers and were thus retained. The electrostatic low pressure impactor was further modified to disperse two commercial Tubuhaler® products at 60 L/min. The DPIs showed drug-specific responses to particle charging at different RHs. The difference in hygroscopicity of the drugs may play a major role. A dual mechanistic charging model was proposed to explain the charging behaviours. The charge levels on drug particles delivered from these inhalers were sufficiently high to potentially affect deposition in the airways when inhaled. Drug-free metered dose inhalers containing HFA-134a and 227 produced highly variable charge profiles but on average the puffs were negatively charged, which was thought to be due to the electronegative fluorine atoms in the HFA molecules. The charges of both HFAs shifted towards neutrality or positive polarity with increasing water content. The spiked water might have increased the electrical conductivity and/or decreased the electronegativity of the bulk propellant solution. The number of elementary charges per droplet decreased with decreasing droplet size. This trend was probably due to the redistribution of charges amongst small droplets following electrostatic fission of a bigger droplet when the Raleigh limit was reached.
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Kwok, Philip Chi Lip. "Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation." Faculty of Pharmacy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1934.

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PhD
Electrostatics of aerosols for inhalation is a relatively new research area. Charge properties of these particles are largely unknown but electrostatic forces have been proposed to potentially influence lung deposition. Investigation on the relationship between formulation and aerosol charging is required to understand the fundamental mechanisms. A modified electrical low pressure impactor was employed to measure the particles generated from metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers. This equipment provides detailed size and charge information of the aerosols. The particles were sized by impaction onto thirteen stages. The net charges in twelve of the size fractions were detected and recorded by sensitive electrometers. The drug deposits were quantified by chemical assay. The aerosol charge profiles of commercial metered dose inhalers were product-dependent, which was due to differences in the drug, formulation, and valve stem material. The calculated number of elementary charges per drug particle of size ≤ 6.06 μm ranged from zero to several ten thousands. The high charge levels on particles may have a potential effect on the deposition of the aerosol particles in the lung when inhaled. New plastic spacers marketed for use with metered dose inhalers were found to possess high surface charges on the internal walls, which was successfully removed by detergent-coating. Detergent-coated spacer had higher drug output than the new ones due to the reduced electrostatic particle deposition inside the spacer. Particles delivered from spacers carried lower inherent charges than those directly from metered dose inhalers. Those with higher charges might be susceptible to electrostatic forces inside the spacers and were thus retained. The electrostatic low pressure impactor was further modified to disperse two commercial Tubuhaler® products at 60 L/min. The DPIs showed drug-specific responses to particle charging at different RHs. The difference in hygroscopicity of the drugs may play a major role. A dual mechanistic charging model was proposed to explain the charging behaviours. The charge levels on drug particles delivered from these inhalers were sufficiently high to potentially affect deposition in the airways when inhaled. Drug-free metered dose inhalers containing HFA-134a and 227 produced highly variable charge profiles but on average the puffs were negatively charged, which was thought to be due to the electronegative fluorine atoms in the HFA molecules. The charges of both HFAs shifted towards neutrality or positive polarity with increasing water content. The spiked water might have increased the electrical conductivity and/or decreased the electronegativity of the bulk propellant solution. The number of elementary charges per droplet decreased with decreasing droplet size. This trend was probably due to the redistribution of charges amongst small droplets following electrostatic fission of a bigger droplet when the Raleigh limit was reached.
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Pritchard, Claire Halina. "Manipulation of carrier particles for inhalation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10676.

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The work described in this thesis was performed to investigate the effect of altering the conditions of recrystallisation for selected sugars and sugar derivatives (lactose, trehalose dihydrate and trehalose octa-acetate (TOAc» in order to assess the physical effect on the material surface. In addition to recrystallised materials, amorphous materials were also produced. The short-acting betas- agonist, salbutamol sulphate, was subsequently used to assess the relative performance of these materials as drug carriers in a dry powder inhaler (OPI). The main aim of the research was to establish whether a relationship exists between the surface characteristics of a material and the performance of the material as a drug carrier in a OP!. A fundamental part of the research involved the physiochemical characterisation of the sugars, including solubility determinations for trehalose and TOAc in a range of ethanol:water solvents. Following recrystallisation, considerable time had to be spent in order to confirm the identity of the recrystallised TOAc material, as initial analysis was not conclusive in determining that the material had remained chemically unchanged following recrystallisation. Optimisation of drying of the TOAc material following recrystallisation was also performed, and X-ray crystallography of samples of the TOAc material suggested that it exists in at least three different crystalline forms. Characterisation of the surface roughness using laser profilometry was performed before the materials (sieved to obtain a particle size range of 63 - 90 J.U1l) were blended with salbutamol sulphate (micronised to a particle size of 5 J.U1l). A multi-stage liquid impinger (MSLI) was used to quantify in vitro the performance of each material as a drug carrier from the OPI device - FlowCaps® (Hovione). Overall, the results indicated that the surface roughness values (R.) required to achieve the optimum performance as a drug carrier were in the range of 1.9 to 2.7 J.U1l. Inaddition, when considering the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of the sugars assessed, a trend appeared to exist. The results indicated an optimum R. in the range of 1.9 to 2.3 J.U1l for materials that exhibited hydrophobic characteristics, and a range of 2.1 to 2.7 J..UD for materials that were considered hydrophilic. Inconclusion, the results obtained indicate that a relationship between the surface characteristics of a material and its performance as a drug carrier in a OPI does exist, but that the optimum relationship is determined by a number of factors. Inaddition to the surface characteristics, the physiochemical properties of the carrier material and the active drug together with the characteristics of the chosen OPI device itself, all contribute to the relationship that determines performance.
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Lahoud, George. "Sevoflurane/nitrous oxide inhalation conscious sedation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485911.

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Concern relating to the use of chair dental general anaesthesia in the United Kingdom has been expressed for many years. In four years, 1996 to 1999 there were eight deaths in general dental practices in England of which five were children. These tragic events triggered consensus among policy makers to call for banning the use of dental general anaesthesia outside a hospital setting. Options for preventing anxiety in children who needed chair dental treatment would therefore be limited to the use of local anaesthesia combined with the use of either nitrous oxide inhalation sedation or intravenous sedation. Nitrous oxide sedation is safe but not a potent gas and when it fails, children need either intravenous sedation or general anaesthesia. A suitable alternative to intravenous sedation is desirable for children when the risks of intravenous sedation are considered unacceptable. In search of a new conscious sedation technique that may further reduce the need for general anaesthesia, particularly in children when the use of nitrous oxide sedation has failed and the use of intravenous sedation is considered unsuitable, I investigated the possible use of sevoflurane/nitrous oxide for inhalation conscious sedation (SICS) for children having chair dental treatment. The combination of a variable sub-anaesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane (0.10.3%) in conjunction with a fixed ratio of nitrous oxide and oxygen (40/60%) clinically titrated to allow dental treatment to be carried out by rendering patients more co-operative while remaining conscious and breathing spontaneously, seemed a natural way to improve the success rate of inhalation conscious sedation. The thesis describes a pilot testing of SICS and a randomised controlled study comparing SICS against nitrous oxide alone. The next step was to use balanced conscious sedation with intravenous induction and inhalational maintenance by using SICS to supplement intravenous sedative drugs for patients requiring endoscopic and/or surgical procedures aimed a~ reducing amounts of intravenous sedative drugs needed to produce a balanced sedation.with the benefit of having reduced side effects. Future work involves the development of a safe and practical system for the combination and delivery of the three substances of SICS and the testing of the use of SICS for pain relief in labour.
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Books on the topic "Inhalation"

1

Hickey, Anthony J., and Heidi M. Mansour, eds. Inhalation Aerosols. Third edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315159768.

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Dungworth, Donald L., Georg Kimmerle, James Lewkowski, Roger O. McClellan, and Werner Stöber, eds. Inhalation Toxicology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61355-5.

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Peter, Klaus, Burnell R. Brown, Eike Martin, and Olof Norlander, eds. Inhalation Anesthetics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71232-6.

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Peter, Conzen, and Peter K. 1938-, eds. Inhalation anaesthesia. London: BaillièreTindall, 1993.

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R, Crane Charles, and United States. Office of Aviation Medicine, eds. Inhalation toxicology. Washington, D.C: Office of Aviation Medicine, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1986.

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1929-, Salem Harry, and Katz Sidney A. 1935-, eds. Inhalation toxicology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Colombo, Paolo, Daniela Traini, and Francesca Buttini, eds. Inhalation Drug Delivery. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118397145.

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Hickey, Anthony J., and Sandro R. P. da Rocha, eds. Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201.

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Mohr, Ulrich, David V. Bates, Donald L. Dungworth, Peter N. Lee, Roger O. McClellan, and Francis J. C. Roe, eds. Assessment of Inhalation Hazards. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74606-2.

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O, McClellan R., and Henderson R. F, eds. Concepts in inhalation toxicology. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Taylor & Francis, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Inhalation"

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Groskin, Stuart A. "Inhalational Injuries (Excluding Smoke Inhalation)." In Radiological, Clinical and Biomechanical Aspects of Chest Trauma, 143–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76457-8_7.

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Beeley, J. M., and R. J. Clark. "Inhalation Injury." In Update 1988, 136–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83392-2_19.

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Steffey, Eugene P., Khursheed R. Mama, and Robert J. Brosnan. "Inhalation Anesthetics." In Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, 297–331. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119421375.ch16.

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Iñiguez Osmer, Fernando, and Viviana Aguirre Camposano. "Inhalation Therapy." In Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, 633–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26961-6_61.

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Citerio, G., C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, et al. "Inhalation Injury." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1233. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_1751.

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Hayes, Amanda, and Shahnaz Bakand. "Inhalation toxicology." In Experientia Supplementum, 461–88. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8338-1_13.

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Pichlmayr, Ina, Peter Lehmkuhl, and Ulrich Lips. "Inhalation Anesthetics." In EEG Atlas for Anesthesiologists, 76–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83161-4_7.

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Yang, Zongcheng, and Guohui Li. "Inhalation Injury." In Chinese Burn Surgery, 263–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8575-4_11.

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Hall, Alan H., and Stephen W. Borron. "Smoke inhalation." In Toxicology of Cyanides and Cyanogens, 151–57. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118628966.ch10.

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Cold, Georg E., and Bent L. Dahl. "Inhalation anaesthetics." In Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care, 83–123. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04845-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Inhalation"

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Sebastião, Raquel, Sandra Sorte, Joana Valente, Ana I. Miranda, and José M. Fernandes. "Inhalation during fire experiments." In UbiComp '16: The 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968284.

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Han, David, Carlos Fernandez, Eugene Sullivan, Danlin Xu, Walter Perkins, Mona Darwish, and Chris Rubino. "Single dose pharmacokinetics of C16TR for Inhalation (INS1009) vs treprostinil inhalation solution." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa2398.

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Gruetzemacher, Richard, Abi Arabshahi, and Ramesh Pankajakshan. "Effects of Inhalation Transience on Particle Transport Through a CT-Based Human Airway Geometry." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52606.

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The effects of inhalation transience on particle transport through the lungs were examined using numerical simulation. Physiologically appropriate, regional ventilation was induced through a computed tomography (CT) based human airway geometry for steady and transient inhalation using lobar-specific boundary conditions. Transient inhalation and the analogous steady cases were simulated for two breathing rates. Particle transport was modeled for a range of particle sizes and Stokes numbers. The deposition fractions of particles were analyzed and comparisons were made between the results for steady and transient inhalation. Deposition fractions for particles released during transient inhalation were substantially less than those released during steady inhalation for all but the largest particle sizes. Future work is suggested.
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Kwon, M., N. Patel, A. Suryaprasad, B. Colaco, A. Lee, D. Umadat, P. K. Guru, and V. Arunthari. "Shared Inhalation into Shared Pneumonitis." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a4848.

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Kang, V., R. Lauf, and K. Jordan. "Household Bleach Inhalation and ARDS." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a1799.

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Zeyu, Qin, and Lin Hongjing. "Analysis of the clinical effects of different nebulized inhalation devices on nurses' inhalation exposure." In ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa2786.

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Gagne, M., and M. Baril. "459. Solvents: An Inhalation Hazard Indice." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765145.

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Ashraf, O., L. Babar, E. Rabold, and T. J. Cheema. "Fatal Inhalation: Acute Sulfur Dioxide Poisoning." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7015.

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Corcoran, Tim, Adel Mansour, and Norman Chigier. "Medical Atomization Design for Inhalation Therapy." In ICLASS 97. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/iclass-97.1400.

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Aguiar Pontes, Josafa de Jesus. "Modeling Inhalation in Voice Activity Detection." In 2019 International Conference on Information Systems and Software Technologies (ICI2ST). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ici2st.2019.00011.

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Reports on the topic "Inhalation"

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Tang, Yaxing, Lele Tang, Yuting Yao, He Huang, and Bing Chen. Effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia versus inhalation anesthesia on long-term survival in patients undergoing cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0025.

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Review question / Objective: To compare the effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia with inhalation anesthesia on long-term survival of cancer surgery. (1) Patients: all patients undergoing cancer surgery with intravenous or inhalation anesthesia. (2) Intervention: propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia. (3) Comparator: inhalation anesthesia. (4) Outcomes: overall survival, recurrence- free or disease-free survival. (5) Study design: randomized-controlled trials and observational studies (prospective or retrospective). Information sources: We will systematically search the following electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from inception to July 2022 for eligible studies. Any potentially relevant studies will be manually searched based on the references of the identified studies.
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Benson, J. M., F. F. Hahn, and E. B. Barr. Acute inhalation toxicity of carbonyl sulfide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381394.

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Reiss, Troy P. Evaluation of Microreactor Inhalation Dose Consequences. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1616677.

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Dillon, M. B., and C. F. Dillon. Regional Shelter Analysis - Inhalation Exposure Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569167.

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Shinn, J. H. Assessing inhalation exposure from airborne soil contaminants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/641115.

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Dillon, M. B., R. G. Sextro, and W. W. Delp. Regional Shelter Analysis – Inhalation Exposure Application (Particles). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1577234.

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M. Wasiolek. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893536.

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K. Rautenstrauch. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839518.

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Wasiolek, M. A. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the Biosphere Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828391.

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Rue, Loring W., Cioffi III, Mason William G., McManus Arthur D., Pruitt William F., and Jr Basil A. Improved Survival of Burned Patients With Inhalation Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada268673.

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