Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ingénierie des contraintes'
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Sammoud, Khaled. "Ingénierie du déploiement des services de télécommunications sous contraintes de QoS." Paris, ENST, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENST0014.
Full textChaban, Nicolas. "Ingénierie des contraintes de films minces d'oxydes de LaNiO3 : les substrats piézoélectriques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721808.
Full textDjebbi, Olfa. "L' ingénierie des exigences par et pour les lignes de produits." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010010.
Full textBillon, François. "Analyse des contraintes de la fatigue et de la rupture dans les plaques tubulaires." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066078.
Full textMejhed, mkhinini Meriem. "Ingénierie des connaissances et gestion de contraintes sémantiques. Application au cycle de vie du packaging." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK038.
Full textTo remain competitive and dynamic, companies try to circulate the knowledge of employees within their structure. The transfer of skills between employees is one of the major challenges for small and large companies.In this thesis work, we propose an approach combining the analysis of work enviroment and the semantic representation of know-how.This approach makes it possible to create a knowledge base in the company from experts. This database provides an answer to the problems of loss of expertise, and to the detection of previously resolved business constraints. The complete system helps the organization to optimize the feedback and the time spent in the various processes implemented. This system named PIKI is the result of an in-depth study on work psychology, the collection of know-how and its modeling
Cherkaoui, Mohammed. "Comportement thermoélastique global des composites à renforts enrobés : modélisation micromécanique et applications." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Cherkaoui.Mohammed.SMZ9512.pdf.
Full textIn many cases, a thin layer of some other elastic phase between an inclusion and the matrix is observed. This interphase may represent a coating of an inclusion in the composite materials, or is created during manufacturing by chemical reaction between the inclusion and the matrix. The presence of this thin layer modifies deeply the load transfers between the matrix and reinforcing fibers. Therefore it has an influence on local fields as well as on the effective properties of composites. The aim of this work is to study the case of coated ellipsoidal inclusions and anisotropic materials. It is based both on integral equation and interfacial operators. We also extend the studies to more general case when the topology of a coated inclusion can be described by two nonhomothetic concentric ellispoidal inclusions. Compared with experimental data and numerical results, the present approach provides reasonably accurate predictions for the effective moduli of composites with thinly coated inclusions
Sammari, Abdelbasset. "Flambage par fluage de coques cylindriques sous pression latérale externe." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0003.
Full text[Owing that cylindrical shells are used in many areas (aeronautic, spatial, nuclear, etc. . . ) and in every day life, then, they must be more and more thin, therefore the risk of instability (buckling) is increased. Most of building materials (concretes, metals, wood, resins etc. . . ) presents a viscous character and it becomes important to study interaction between buckling and creep phenomenon ( creep buckling). Nowadays, a strong similarity between creep buckling behaviour and elastic or elastoplastic buckling behaviour of cylindrical shells is established. Critical load of instantaneous buckling ( elastic or elastoplastic buckling) depends; on the one hand, on the presence of initial geometrical imperfections and the kind of boundary conditions and, on the other hand, on the effects of geometrical and material non linearities. So, in a creep buckling study, it is important to analyse the effects of those parameters and creep on the life time of this kind of structure. The aim of this work is to analyse, by both experiments and numerical calculations, the creep buckling phenomenon and to appreciate the influence of the all above-mentioned parameters on the critical time value. The test and numerical results constitute a data base, used in the establishment of design code and of the formula which allow to obtain the critical time of cylindrical shell under constant lateral external pressure. The studied specimens are quasi-perfect circular cylindrical shells, made by nickel electroplating. Because each specimen presented at each edge an infinitely rigid flange, integral with the shell, the experimental boundary conditions are considered as ideal embedding conditions for the calculations. Experiments are realised at room temperature. The same reasoning can be applied to other shells made up of other materials which are sensitive to creep and tested under other temperatures. ]
Rubrecht, Sébastien. "Contributions to the control of constrained robots." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066401.
Full textJarrault, Pierre. "Optimisation des capacités de franchissement des robots mobiles hybrides "roues-pattes"." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066211.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis report focuses on the optimization of crossing capabilities for "wheel-legged" hybrid mobile robots. We consider that a robot is able to overcome an obstacle if he is able, for each geometric configuration of the contact points encountered during the crossing , to balance the external forces applied to it while maintaining contact adhesion. Our approach consist in using two features of poly-articulated robots in order to optimize the distribution of contact forces. Firstly, the actuation redundancy allows the application of internal forces. Secondly, the kinematic redundancy allows to change the CoM position, changing the set of possible solutions to the force distribution problem. The criterion used for the optimization measures the contacts stability robustness relatively to uncertainties in the force control. It was chosen based on a comparative analysis of different criteria used in the field of grasping. The resulting control algorithm allows for simultaneous control of both robot movements and contact forces. Experimental results on robot HyLoS 2 show that the algorithm allow for the crossing of an obstacle represented by a slope of 60\char6 with a height of 19 cm, while the wheels radius is only 7 cm
Langouët, Hoël. "Optimisation sans dérivées sous contraintes : deux applications industrielles en ingénierie de réservoir et en calibration des moteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671987.
Full textHassam, Kahina. "Adaptation des contraintes OCL lors de l'évolution des métamodèles et modèles." Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS237.
Full textSystem applications support most of business processes. Any failure, breakdown or immobilization can lead to significant degradation of service. The software sector is considered among the leading sectors in introducing "new technologies". For that, a dual challenge concerning the increasing of complexity and supporting policy makers and users expectations should be handled. The sector surveyed for several years now the way to achieve higher quality, less cost and time. A new approach for the production and maintenance of software systems is to rely on models, which are considered as first-class entities. This is the model driven engineering (MDE). In this paradigm of development, modelling software often requires the use of many models according to different languages. However, to ensure effective use of these models with algorithms, models and modelling languages used must be well defined. Due to the lack of expressiveness of the used modelling and meta-modelling languages, it is often necessary to add constraints on meta-models and models. The OMG (Object Management Group) proposes to rigorously express these constraints using a language called OCL (Object Constraint Language). During development or maintenance of software, models and modelling languages must evolve to improve correct errors or respond to emerging needs. In MDE context, this may be done in various ways: either by progressive adaptation or by applying a process of automatic model transformation. However, during these evolutions the OCL constraints associated to meta-models or models are omitted or rewritten by hand, which is time consuming and error prone. The objective of this thesis is to define concepts and tools in a model driven engineering context to adapt as automatically as possible OCL constraints during model evolution
Vargas, Catalina. "Modélisation du processus de conception en ingénierie des systèmes mécaniques : mise en oeuvre basée sur la propagation de contraintes : application à la conception d'une culasse automobile." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENSA001.
Full textDesign is a complex activity which requires different kind of knowledge. It needs human skills such as know how and creativity. This activity is based on theorical principles and on empiric facts. In design the aim is to produce a description of an artefact which will exhibit the necessary attributes to carry out a given function. Design is, thus, the process of providing form froma formless description. We present a design process model to represent mechanical engineering design knowledge, specially in routine design or redesign. This approach proposes a design aid system environment based on proposed models and on a constraint propagation mechanism link to a traditional CAD/CAM system. Aprototype based in a cylinder haed design shows our meaning
Jalabert, Laurent. "Ingénierie de grille pour application à la micro-électronique MOS sub-micronique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142309.
Full textPereira, José Carlos. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement mécanique des structures en matériaux composites : : -carateristiques homogénéises de poutres composites, : -comportement dynamique de coques composites." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0001.
Full textThis work has two distinct parts. The first one concerns the determination of the homogenous characteristics of isotropic composite beams. One take an interest in transverse shear stress The warping function in flexion and the stress function in torsion are obtained using the Finite Element Method. The high Hermite element is used. It permits to obtain the transverse shear continuity on the interfaces. Analytical/ and experimental/numerical comparisons permit the of the models. The numerical tools is illustrated industrial cases. The second part of this work concerns the of the dynamic behavior of multilayer composite. A quadrilateral finite element, called as discrete layer (DQ8) is developed. The displacement field is supposed to be non linear along the shell thickness. The explicit numerical integration along the thickness of the element permits the transverse shear continuity on the interfaces of the layers. Element ( DQ8) is compared to a multilayer shell element and a volume element (H20). A modal damping model is obtained using an energetic method. The validation of the model is achieved using a mixed numerical and experimental approach. It concerns a carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy plates. Finally, a partially spin shell involving a constrained viscoelastic layer is studied
Chesne, Simon. "Identification d'efforts aux limites des poutres et plaques en flexion par méthode indirecte." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0109/these.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the identification of forces at the boundaries of beams plates measuring only displacements. These identifications are difficult because shear force or bending moment depend directly on various spatial derivatives of displacement to the boundaries of the domain under examination. These derivatives can be approximated from measured displacements but two major difficulties appear: Derivatives are highly sensitive to measurement errors and the methods used to obtain them (finite differences, modal approach, etc. ) are not well adapted to boundary measurements. In this work, a mathematical approach is proposed to compute forces at boundaries without any direct calculation of the derivatives. The method is based on the integral calculus of equations of motion multiplied by test functions which have to satisfy particular boundary conditions. These conditions enable to extract, from the integral calculus, the boundary forces the domain under study. This thesis contains for each case (beams or plates) the description of the technique and the definition of the test functions that make these identifications at boundary points possible, some numerical simulation results, including effects of noise o displacements, are shown in order to establish the spatial and frequency li mils of this method. Finally, experimental results are presented that show the possibility and the advantages that such an approach offers using real measurements
Gour, Yahya. "Contribution à la reconnaissance automatique des images : classification des défauts par polytopes de contraintes." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS045.
Full textDumas, Virginie. "Réponse des ostéoblastes à des stimulations physiques basées sur des contraintes mécaniques basses amplitudes hautes fréquences. Implication en ingénierie tissulaire." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670904.
Full textJegou, Sébastien. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur la genèse des contraintes résiduelles d'aciers nitrurés." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005632.
Full textHo, Nhat-Quang. "Endommagements de composites carbone-époxy induits par la thermo-oxydation de la matrice en présence de contraintes mécaniques." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2294.
Full textThis study contributes to the understanding of the damage mechanisms of CFRP laminates subjected to thermo-mechanical stresses in oxidative environment. When these materials are submitted to thermo-mechanical loadings at high temperatures (100°C - 150°C), the presence of oxygen enhances the initiation of surface matrix cracks and accelerates their propagation towards the laminate core, thus leading to a catastrophic damage state. An experimental procedure has been performed in order to dissociate the different damage mechanisms. The analysis of the experimental results, associated with a finite element calculation of the free edge stresses, has led us to propose a damage scenario taking into account coupling between stresses and oxidation for a cross-ply laminated structure subjected to thermal cycling in oxygen environment. In a second part, we study more precisely the changes induced by oxidation in the material properties of neat epoxy matrix. We have shown that oxidation, via an internal anti-plasticization effect, leads to an increase in the indentation elastic modulus, a decrease in the damping capacity and in the glass transition temperature. In addition, it was found that there exists a correlation between the values of the elastic modulus of oxidized material and the concentration of the oxidation products predicted by a kinetic model of oxidation (diffusion - reaction). This phenomenological correlation enables to carry out a coupled "oxido-elastic" calculation in order to determine the stress field generated by the presence of an oxidized layer in a resin structure
Thébaud-Aubry, Noélie-Brunehilde. "Cellules endothéliales issues de progéniteurs humains : des acteurs pertinents en ingénierie vasculaire ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21614/document.
Full textThe incidence of atherosclerotic arterial disease is still a major public health problem and despite endovascular surgery therapies, surgical treatment is necessary for many patients. Vascular bypass is performed with an autologous vein which remains the gold standard, or when patients do not have appropriate blood vessels to be used as replacement, with a synthetic prosthesis. Nowadays, synthetic vascular grafts have been successfully used in the treatment of the pathology of large arteries, but the replacement of the smaller sized arteries is still a challenge because synthetic vascular grafts are known to be highly thrombogenic and have poor mechanical properties. Recently, the tissue engineering concept has emerged and advances. It can allow to propose development of new hybrid or biologic vascular substitutes, using stem cells and progenitor cells, holding great promise for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to obtain reliably and reproducibly, cells with mature endothelial phenotype from endothelial progenitor cells isolated from human bone marrow and peripheral blood and investigate cell response in conditions similar to those observed in a native vessel. We were able to expand cells (PDECs: Progenitor Derived Endothelial Cells) from progenitors which exhibit markers conventionally used to define mature endothelial cells. They were able, on scaffolds currently used in clinic like collagen type I and fibrin glue or on more experimental scaffold (Polyelectrolytes multilayers films), to form a confluent monolayer. These PDECs are able to withstand arterial shear stress and analysis of genes and proteins implicated in endothelium biology shows that these cells respond to shear stress stimulation with a phenotype connected to an anti-thrombogenic activity. Moreover, preliminary studies using co-cultures of PDECs and osteoblastic progenitors, open interesting perspectives concerning PDECs to be used in the field of vascularized bone tissue engineering
Mazo, Peña Raúl. "Modèle générique pour la vérification de modèles de lignes de produits." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010075.
Full textHajar, Mohamad Azzam. "Calcul des facteurs d'intensité de contraintes dans les plaques minces fissurées par association des théories de Kirchhoff et de Reissner." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2367.
Full textHadj, Hamou Khaled. "Contribution à la conception de produit à forte diversité et de leur chaîne logistique : une approche par contraintes." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000043/.
Full textLardy, Romain. "Calcul intensif pour l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité en utilisant une approche d'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles : application à la vulnérabilité des prairies au changement climatique sous contraintes de plans d'expériences." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22352/document.
Full textVulnerability is the degree to which human or environmental systems are likely toexperience harm due to a perturbation or a stress. In the last years, it has become a centralfocus of the global change (including climate change). Assessing the vulnerability of agroecosystemsto climate change is one of the priority areas of the French National Institute ofAgronomic Research (INRA). The climate change literature contains many explanations ofvulnerability, stemming from the notion of sensitivity to more complex ideas, yet takinginto account the exposure history of the system up to residual impacts of climate changeafter adaptation. In the framework of the activities of the INRA’s Grassland EcosystemResearch Unit (UREP) of Clermont-Ferrand, interest is on vulnerability of grassland andlivestock systems against the risk of reduced milk and forage production, and against theproblem of increased greenhouse gas emissions that comes with the production ofgrassland ecosystem services.Vulnerability assessment has similarities with sensitivity analysis and is based onsimulations of the target system, forced to respond to the changes of stress factors. Due tothe cascade of uncertainties in climate change impacts assessment, a large number ofsimulations are necessary. In this context, the need to reduce user waiting time calls for theconception of an appropriate experimental plan, as well as the use of high performancecomputing. Moreover, vulnerability assessment may consist of many steps, such asdesigning the experiment (choice of agro-ecological model, variables of interest, scenarios,reference thresholds, parameters distribution …), designing of the experimental plans,regressing response surfaces, computing metrics (e.g. vulnerability indices) and optimizingvulnerability (through designing and evaluating adaptation measures). To our knowledge,no specific tool has been built or validated, in order to facilitate the implementation ofmost of these tasks. Thus, the goal of this thesis was to propose a generic method toperform a comprehensive vulnerability analysis to climate change. The work in this thesishas begun with a review of the concept of vulnerability and the proposal of a genericapproach, based on a critical synthesis of the state of the art. Then, with a Model DrivenEngineering approach, we have developed a computer tool for vulnerability analysis. Thistool, implemented with the modelling framework Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) isgeneric, modular and allows the distribution and interpretation of simulation results.Finally, application examples of climate change vulnerability assessment were achievedwith the previously proposed solutions. This approach relied, in particular, on the use ofthe grassland ecosystem biogeochemical model PaSim ([Riedo et al., 1998], [Vuichard2007a], [Graux 2011])
Tchidjo, Moyo Noël Bertrand. "Architecture logicielle et méthodologie de conception embarquée sous contraintes temps réel pour la radio logicielle." Rennes 1, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603708.
Full textThis study addresses the problem of real-time scheduling of software components executing in a digital signal processor in a software radio context. It aims at providing new tooling for software radio design. Real-time scheduling analysis of flexible signal processing applications executing in a processor is currently done manually, using ad hoc methods, and taking significant margins. Given the foreseen increase of software components of the physical layer executing simultaneously on a processor in future software radios, these methods for scheduling analysis will be error-prone, time consuming and will often fail to find a feasible schedule even when one exists. For that purpose, this thesis defines a new task model which represents more precisely the behaviour of the tasks in certain software radio context: the non-cylic GMF (Generalized Multi-Frame) model. For this model, we present a formula to compute response time of tasks, as well as a new sufficient feasibility test for tasks executing in a processor according to the “Earliest Deadline First” scheduling policy. We also provide for this task model an efficient algorithm, for exact feasibility determination. We present in this thesis a new MDE (Model Driven Engineering) design methodology, to specify the parameters which make possible a real-time scheduling analysis of software components executing in a processor. This thesis proposes methods to compute real-time constraints in a software radio. It presents the elements of the MARTE standard to be used, to note the constraints in the model as well as model transformation rules to obtain a suitable model for real-time scheduling analysis. This thesis presents an approach, implemented as a simulation tool, to realize real-time scheduling analysis of tasks implementing flexible signal processing algorithms in a processor and scheduled according to a hybrid scheduling policy. This tool is integrated into the proposed MDE design methodology
Fatemi, Javad. "Optimisation topologique des plaques raidies." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10271.
Full textMsaaf, Omar. "Validation des caractéristiques d'usinage par des grammaires d'usinage attribuées : une contribution à la prise en compte des contraintes d'usinage en cours de conception." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2002. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/797/1/MSAFF_Omar.pdf.
Full textMauran, Philippe. "Un modèle pour la spécification de la synchronisation à l'aide de contraintes." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20036.
Full textTchidjo, Moyo Noël. "Architecture logicielle et méthodologie de conception embarquée sous contraintes temps réel pour la radio logicielle." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603708.
Full textNguyen, Mai Chung. "Etude théorique de nanodispositifs électroniques et thermoélectriques à base de jonctions contraintes de graphène." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS460/document.
Full textDue to its outstanding physical properties, graphene is expected to become a new generation material, able to replace or complement traditional semiconductors in device technology. Hence, many studies have been led to explore the potential of this material immediately after the successful fabrication of a single layer of graphene in 2004. However, applications of graphene in electronic devices are still questionable due to the gapless character of this material. In particular, regarding electronic applications, the absence of energy bandgap in the band structure makes it difficult to switch off the current in graphene devices like transistors. Regarding thermoelectric properties, the gapless character is also a strong drawback since it prevents the separation of the opposite contributions of electrons and holes to the Seebeck coefficient. Thus, a sizable band gap in graphene is a requirement to overcome the disadvantages of graphene and to fully benefit from its excellent conduction properties. It has been shown that many Nano structuring techniques can be used to open such a bandgap in graphene, e.g., graphene nanoribbons, graphene bilayer with a perpendicular electric field, graphene nanotech lattices, channels based on vertical stack of graphene layers, mixed graphene/hexagonal boron nitride structures, nitrogen doped graphene, and so on. However, each of these methods has its own fabrication issues and/or need to be further confirmed by experiments. In this work, we focus on strain engineering, which offers a wide range of opportunities for modulating the electronic properties of graphene nanostructures. For this theoretical work, all calculations were performed using essentially two main methods, i.e., an atomistic tight binding Hamiltonian model to describe the electronic structure and the non-equilibrium Green's function approach of quantum transport. The main aim is to analyze in details the strain effects in graphene and to provide strategies of strain engineering to improve the performance of both electronic (transistors and diodes) and thermoelectric devices. After introducing the general context if this work and the numerical techniques developed for this purpose, we first analyze the only effect of strain. Actually, if uniformly applied, a strain of large amplitude (> 23%) is required to open a bandgap in the band structure of graphene. However, we show that with a strain of only a few percent, the strain-induced shift of the Dirac point in k-space may be enough to open a sizable conduction gap (500 meV or more) in graphene heterojunctions made of unstrained/strained junctions, though the strained material remains gapless. After analyzing in details this property according the amplitude and direction of strain and the direction of transport, we exploit this effect using appropriate strain junctions to improve the behavior and performance of several types of devices. In particular, we show that with a strain of only 5%, it is possible to switch-off transistors efficiently, so that the ON/OFF current ratio can reach 100000, which is a strong improvement with respect to pristine graphene transistors where this ratio cannot exceed 10. Then we show that by combining strain and doping engineering in such strain junctions the Seebeck coefficient can reach values higher than 1.4 mV/K, which is 17 times higher than in gapless pristine graphene. It can contribute to make graphene an excellent thermoelectric material. Finally, we study the effect of negative differential conductance (NDC) in graphene diodes made of either as single gate-induced strained barrier or a p-n junction. We show that appropriate strain engineering in these devices can lead to very strong NDC effects with peak-to-valley ratios of a few hundred at room temperature
Geiskopf, François. "Formalisation et exploitation des contraintes Produit/Process pour la conception de systèmes de production : Application à l'Usinage Grande Vitesse." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/GEISKOPF_Francois_2004.pdf.
Full textDuval, Alain. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la prédiction de la durée de vie en fatigue de vis d'assemblage sur une large gamme de contraintes moyennes." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2041.
Full textFrom non-linear Finite Element (E. F. ) Calculations, based on behaviour and failure laws for a screw steel, looking at the stresses component redistribution of notched axisymmetric samples looking like a thread root, allow to suggest a simple numerical method for the fatigue life prediction of screw for a large range of mean stresses. Beforehand this's monotonic and cyclic behaviour and fatigue properties, have been experimentaly knowed for the behaviour and failure constitutive laws used for E. F. Calculations. So a local Haigh's diagramm (at the thread root) is build from the Haigh's diagramm experimentally obtained from smooth or notches samples, and from only one E. F. Calculations
Sen, Sagar. "Automatic effective model discovery." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S042.
Full textScientific discovery often culminates into representing structure in nature as networks (graphs) of objects. For instance, certain biological reaction networks aim to represent living processes such as burning fat or switching genes on/off. Knowledge from experiments, data analysis and mental tacit lead to the discovery of such effective structures in nature. Can this process of scientific discovery using various sources of knowledge be automated? In this thesis, we address the same question in the contemporary context of model-driven engineering (MDE) of complex software systems. MDE aims to grease the wheels of complex software creation using first class artifacts called models. Very much like the process of effective structure discovery in science a modeler creates effective models, representing useful software artifacts, in a modelling domain. In this thesis, we consider two such modelling domains: metamodels for modelling languages and feature diagrams for Software Product Lines (SPLs). Can we automate effective model discovery in a modelling domain? The central challenge in discovery is the automatic generation of models. Models are graphs of inter-connected objects with constraints on their structure and the data contained in them. These constraints are enforced by a modelling domain and heterogeneous sources of knowledge including several well-formedness rules. How can we automatically generate models that simultaneously satisfy these constraints? In this thesis, we present a model-driven framework to answer this question. The framework for automatic model discovery uses heterogeneous sources of knowledge to first setup a concise and relevant subset of a modelling domain specification called the effective modelling domain. Next, it transforms the effective modelling domain defined in possibly different languages to a constraint satisfaction problem in the unique formal specification language Alloy. Finally, the framework invokes a solver on the Alloy model to generate one or more effective models. We embody the framework in two tools: Cartier for model discovery in any modelling language and Avishkar for product discovery in a SPL. We validate our framework through rigorous experiments in test model generation, partial model completion, product generation in SPLs, and generation of web-service orchestrations. The results qualify that our framework consistently generates effective findings in modelling domains from commensurate case studies
El, Hajj Chehade Fatima. "Estimation non-invasive de la durée de vie des infrastructures civiles soumises à des contraintes non-contrôlées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I054/document.
Full textCivil infrastructures are generally subjected to external factors that can affect their lifetime. In case of reinforced concrete bridges, the aggressive environment induces, for example, the penetration of ions such as chloride, into the porous concrete leading to the corrosion of reinforcement bars. This constitutes the main cause of deterioration for this kind of structure. Time effects are also to be taken into account, for example creep and shrinkage that strongly influence the performance of the structure. However, in this type of problems, the probabilistic nature is often dominant. This is not limited to the traffic loading which generates uncontrolled stresses, but also concerns most of the variables involved in the calculation. Reliability theory has always been the most appropriate way to deal with this kind of problems, since it can provide an idea about the structure lifetime in the form of failure probability or reliability index. This work has four main axes. A set of 21 reinforced concrete bridges will be used for the application. Regarding the traffic loading applied on the bridges, it is simulated according to weigh-in-motion data recorded in European motorways. Subsequently, the reliability theory is used to calculate the time-dependent reliability indices for the bridge set. The effects of corrosion, shrinkage and creep as well as the realistic traffic loading are introduced in the calculation. Finally, a new approach based on genetic optimization is proposed to update the evolution law of the global rigidity based on simulated data for long term deflection
Khalij, Leila. "Détermination directe des états limites et des champs de contraintes résiduelles pour les structures chargées cycliquement : application de la méthode d'analyse simplifiée." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-23.pdf.
Full textDuval, Arnaud. "Dispositifs numériques et enseignement du FLE en Corée du Sud : les contraintes d'une mutation." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3009.
Full textFollowing a brief presentation of the Korean education system, and a brief history of French language teaching in this region, from the first French missionaries to the success of the Delf-Dalf certifications, we sought to understand why, the teaching of French does not seem to have the same appeal to most of the 27,000 Korean high school students to whom it is still being taught today. Considering the recommendations of the European Commission for language teaching, giving particular attention to the conclusions of the cognitive sciences in education, we shall demonstrate that the enrolment of French exchange students as peer instructors, along with online engaging activities, would likely revive the interest of those young Korean learners. Analyzing the technological habits of this generation who was born with the Internet, led us to believe that, despite the reluctance of teachers to use these so-called ‘educational’ technologies, their implementation seems indeed appropriate, first to drive practices forward, and furthermore, to make human encounters easier. We will share our views on how our roles as instructors have evolved since setting up a participatory teaching network among secondary school and undergraduate students of French. The analysis of the interviews and surveys we have been conducting periodically over several years, in order to probe the difficulties of developing such a site, shows that beyond technology, designing and sharing teaching resources has opened promising and unexpected perspectives: along with increasing usage of internet technologies, lively student interaction is still an essential part of language acquisition
Pollet, Ophélie. "L'Ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage : effet de l'âge du donneur et des contraintes mécanique et chimique du microenvironnement." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC022/document.
Full textCartilage is an important tissue of synovial joints. Following a mechanical problem, traumatic or inflammatory, the cartilage is degraded causing joint pain and loss of mobility. Because cartilage is a non-innervated and non-vascularized tissue, its self-repair is very weak. More and more techniques are being developed for the cartilage but none has resulted in a new fully functional cartilage. In particular, tissue engineering (TE) is a very promising technique that consists in obtaining a cartilage graft whose mechanical and structural properties are satisfactory once implanted in the joint. TE is based on the association of cells, biomaterial and growth factors. The aim of this thesis is to study the effect of cell donor’s age on graft synthesis by TE in vitro and on the quality of the cartilage obtained during implantation in a NUDE rat model. Then in a last part, the impact of the chemical and mechanical environment is studied on the quality of the graft. Our studies show that the age of the donor both in vitro and in vivo has an impact on graft quality and repair once implanted in the animal. In fact, grafts from older donors have slightly higher mechanical properties and significantly higher synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) than grafts from younger donors. In addition, the inflammatory response of grafts implanted in a cartilage defect in the NUDE rat is lower for older donors. Finally, we show that the mechanical microenvironment (compression or hydrostatic pressure) and chemical microenvironment (synovial fluid (SF) or TGF-β) play an important role in the cellular response. Moreover, depending on age, the combination of these different factors gives different results. For example, for a compression solicitation, it is the SF that is to be favored to obtain better quality grafts in the case of elderly donors. On the contrary, for the same compression stress, it is the presence of TGF-β1 that leads to the best quality graft for young donors. These studies highlight the importance of donor age and further show that a specific patient protocol of TE is the best solution
Kharrat, Mouna. "Contribution au choix d'architecture 3D des systèmes mécatroniques sous contraintes multi-physiques : Application aux Interférences Electro-Magnétiques (IEM)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST049.
Full textThe integration of mechatronic systems generates many multi-physical disturbances (thermal, electromagnetic and dynamic) making their choice of architecture complex. Indeed, the increasing introduction of electronic and electrical (E/E) components in most of the current systems, increases the risk of occurrence of many electromagnetic interferences (EMI) that can strongly degrade their behavior. While these electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems are usually addressed in the detailed design phase, where the possibilities of compromise are limited to a few positioning adjustments or costly protection solutions, one solution is to propose a collaborative framework for the evaluation, from the early design phases, of physical design architectures taking into account these electromagnetic (EM) constraints. Actually, it is important at this stage that all the multidisciplinary actors involved can define, modify/update, add their knowledge and constraints and exchange their data while continuing to work in their usual digital environment. In addition, these system engineering activities must be supported with "Model-Based System Engineering" (MBSE) approaches, to support the digital continuity, consistency and traceability of the models and data required for this evaluation process.To meet this need, this thesis is based on the MBSE SAMOS (Spatial Architecture based on Multi-physics and Organization of Systems) collaborative approach to support, from the preliminary design phase, the evaluation of the 3D concept architecture under electromagnetic constraints. In this context, we have initially developed a SysML extension called EMILE (ElectroMagnetic Interactions Layout Extension) to formalize and model, as early as possible, the EM constraints in the system model.This extension notably includes the definition of EM requirements, the description of electromagnetic coupling modes and the specification of simulation configurations allowing the further verification and validation of the requirements, thanks to the development of a Human-Machine Interface. Our research work then focused on an evaluation methodology combining a topological approach with EM modeling, in order to support the process of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Indeed, for a given type of EMI, the topological analysis of the system architecture allows to qualitatively identify the existence of the victim components and their associated potential aggressors. Once these potential EMIs have been identified, a quantitative evaluation can then be performed, for example based on the physical equations and laws of the identified coupling, and on the electromagnetic and geometric requirements predefined with the EMILE extension. As a result, this approach ensures the relevant choice of a 3D physical architecture of the concept under EM constraints. The proposed approaches have been illustrated on a case study of an electric vehicle power train, based on various software implementation scenarios (SysML, Modelica, Matlab, FreeCAD) within the Sketcher 3D EM tool
Moreau, Stéphane. "Fiabilité environnementale des composants de puissance : le TRIAC." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4041.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis consists in the thermo-mechanical reliability study of power components submitted to temperature cycling tests (TCT) or thermal shock tests (TST). TCT and TST were compared from the component reliability point of view. The influence of dwell times and maximum temperature was investigated. TCT and TST seem to be equivalent because they produce the same degradation at the same location (cracked base plate – ceramic solder joint). These observations are validated by statistical analyses and 3-D simulations. Simulation results allow us to confirm the failure mechanism — solder joint between base plate and ceramic is worn out by shear — and to help us to bring out the effect of dwell times and temperature extremes. Thus, dwell times produce negligible impact in comparison of temperature extremes. From the determination of fatigue models constants and the supplying of a mission profile (real temperature profile), lifetime estimation can be performed
Barbedienne, Romain. "Gestion des interactions pour l’évaluation en phase de préconception, des architectures 3D de systèmes sous contraintes multi-physiques, application à la thermique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC026/document.
Full textConceptual design leads to the generation of a physical concept architecture. From this phase, it is crucial to select an architecture that takes into account multi-physical constraints. We propose in this thesis to solve the following research issue: how can the physical architectures of a complex system under multi-physical constraints be evaluated during the earlier design phases, in order to limit the risks of multi-physical coupling in the following phases that generate a considerable increase in design time and cost?To tackle this problem, we first propose a framework called SAMOS which allows the actors in the design to exchange information during this phase while limiting the risks of inconsistencies and misunderstandings. Then, by focusing on the thermal analysis, we develop a "thermal 3D sketcher" platform, based on a 3D environment, two SysML extensions and several model transformations. It will facilitate human and data exchanges between System architects, 3D architects and simulation teams, thus reducing redundancy and design time.Thus, in order to manage the geometry requirements and spatial positioning of each item of equipment, the GERTRUDe SysML extension is proposed. It allows specifying geometrical requirements such as simple geometrical shapes for the components, their dimensions and positioning constraints.GERTRUDe uses TTRS (Technologically and Topologically Related Surfaces) geometrical modeling enriched with intrinsic parameters. Likewise, the TheReSE SysML extension, based on GERTRUDe, allows the management of thermal requirements: the thermal properties of components and the specification of thermal interactions that may occur between the architecture components.The transformation rules are described. They automatically generate a specified architecture which includes possible geometrical constraints that can be transformed from a SysML environment into a 3D environment; the direction of transformation can be reversed so that a 3D architecture can be traced from a 3D environment to a SysML environment.Similarly, the thermal interactions between the different components can be either specified in SysML or be added in the 3D environment. This information allows defining a thermal interactions network which integrates both geometrical and thermal data. This network is then transformed into a thermal model implemented in Modelica, which allows simulation to evaluate the temperatures of the components’ faces.The approach proposed is implemented in a demonstrator to provide proof of concept based on several industrial case studies, thus validating the industrial expectations with regard to the approach proposed and its perspectives
Puliafito, Alberto. "Dynamics and statistics of single polymer and polymer solutions." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4073.
Full textThis thesis encompasses numerical and theoretical work within the general framework of polymers in fluid flows. The first part concerns the study of single polymer dynamics and statistics, a subject of interest in the research on mechanical properties of biomolecules and in rheology. By means of stochastic methods and of new numerical algorithms the motion of a single molecule in an external flow has been analyzed in detail, and its statistics has been studied. In particular the probability distribution functions of extension and orientation of the molecule, as well as the dynamical timescales of the system, can be derived both in laminar and random flows. The second part of the thesis refers to the dynamics of dilute polymer solutions which appears in technological and industrial applications as well as in complex fluid dynamics. The stability properties of a polymer solution in a Kolmogorov flow have been inferred by means of multiple-scale perturbation techniques. The presence of polymers results in a stabilization of the flow, but can also generate purely elastic instabilities. The corresponding turbulent dynamics is analyzed direct numerical simulations, and the viscoelastic and the Newtonian cases are compared
Le, Calvar Théo. "Exploration d’ensembles de modèles." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0035.
Full textModel transformation has proven to be an effective technique to produce target models from source models. Most transformation approaches focus on generating a single target model from a given source model. However there are situations where a collection of possible target models is preferred over a single one. Such situations arise when some choices cannot be encoded in the transformation. Then, search techniques can be used to help select a target model having specific properties. In this thesis, we present an approach combining model transformation with constraint solving to generate and explore these model sets. Moreover, we present two implementations of this approach along with multiple case studies showcasing these implementations and there usefulness
Yildiz, Onur. "Atelier de conception pour l'évolution des systèmes PLM : une approche d'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI058/document.
Full textThe specification, the deployment, the maintenance and the evolution of technical information systems which support the processes of products developement (PLM) constitute complex tasks for organisations like SME or innovative companies. If today the support on a software package developed and maintained by an editor allows long-lasting solutions, researchers face the issue of the convergent evolutions of the business processes and the software package. As the technical evolutions embedded in digital engineering, this thesis proposes methodologies to be implemented to facilitate this double axis of evolution. Within his innovation framework, the software editor wishes to provide his customers with PLM systems evolution tools.This project, granted as an industrial thesis with AUDROS company, aims at supplying the concepts and the tools which simplify the synchronization of the various business tools within the information system. The company can thus be dynamically supported in a context of extended enterprise
Hakim, Ebrahim. "Analyse par éléments finis des coques minces axisymétriques sous chargements mécaniques et thermiques." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ESAE0004.
Full textHoué, Ngouna Raymond. "Modélisation des connaissances normatives en vue de l'évaluation de la recyclabilité d'un produit en conception : des normes aux contraintes." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7482/1/houe.pdf.
Full textChouchane, Fares. "Confinement électrique et optique dans la filière GaAs : Ingénierie libre par oxydation sélective et reprise d'épitaxie." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781774.
Full textDepreeuw-Gognau, Cathy. "Détermination analytique et numérique des contraintes dues aux efforts transmis par une tubulure à une virole cylindrique : application au dimensionnement des appareils à pression." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10106.
Full textHartmann, Chris. "Automatisation de la synthèse d’architectures appliquée aux aéronefs à voilure tournante." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0002/document.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis is related to the System Engineering field and the computer aided synthesis field. A methodology realized by a newsoftware is developed and introduced. The synthesis process is semi-automated and is devided into three phases: the need extraction and its translation into system requirements, a logical architecture synthesis and a physical architecture analysis. The need extraction and its translation into system requirements are highly inspired from previous work from the System Engineering field. Nevertheless, the objective, at this step, is to provide the software and the user with a unique model understandable to both. Stakeholders, life situations, needs, requirements and interfaces with the environment are modelized. The logical architecture synthesis, or logical architecture generation, is in accordance with the models we build previoulsy. That is to say that all logical architectures are instantiations of the system requirements expressed before. A C++ code translates this model into mathematical equations solved by an integer CSP solver. The result of this part of the methodology is a set of graphs, ranked by family. These graphs are views of the logical architectures. They express all the possible links between the sub-systems of the architectures. The physical architecture analysis step is an automated equation writer. The equations are non-linear and non differential and they are written for each logical architecture generated at the previous step. They are used for a first step of pre-sizing. These systems are then solved by a CSP solver for real numbers through an optimization. At the end, all the feasible architectures are ranked according to a unique state variable that iscommon to all possible solutions
El, Hakimi Abdelhadi. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de la nocivité des défauts dans des coques cylindriques et sphériques sous pression." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1628.
Full textThis work consists in studying numerically and experimentally the axisymmetric and semi elliptic defect taking place in spherical and cylindrical shells. The goal of this investigation is to propose some tools and a methodology for the characterization of the harmfulness of such defects usually present in the equipments under pressure. This study is based on an elastic and elastic-plastic analysis of the shells with defects subjected to pressure. The stress field is decomposed using a polynomial form in the crack plan. The stress intensity factors are determined as a function of geometrical parameters of shells and cracks. In the elastic-plastic domain, the J integral is determined numerically; then by the simplified rules of type R6 and A16. An experimental study is carried out on models including orientation cracks with various geometries in order to validate our numerical approach. The strain gauge extensometry enabled us to validate the strain related results. In the same way, during under pressure tests the defect evolution is controlled by the acoustic emission technique
Hadj-Hamou, Khaled. "Contribution a la conception de produits a forte diversité et de leur chaine logistique : une approche par contraintes." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271348.
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