Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ingénierie de génome'
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Tsarmpopoulos, Iason. "Ingénierie de génome de bactéries minimales par des outils CRISPR/Cas9." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0787/document.
Full textMycoplasmas are small pathogenic bacteria that are characterized by reduced genomes of about 1 Mbp with a low G+C content. The interest of the scientific community towards these species has been recently renewed by successful synthesis of their genome and transplantation experiments. These new genetic tools opened the way to further applications and developments for large-scale genome engineering programmes. CRISPR/Cas systems are natural systems that provide bacteria and archaea with an adaptive defense mechanism against invading nucleic acids. The CRISPR system from Streptococcus pyogenes includes an endonuclease (SpCas9) and two CRISPR RNAs (crRNA et tracrRNA) which role are to drive Cas9 to a target sequence. Target recognition depends on a specific pairing of the crRNA and the presence of a motif named protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). After recognition, Cas9 cleaves the targeted DNA. From the natural S. pyogenes system, a simplified genetic tool including Cas9 and a guide RNA (gRNA) was developed for many organisms . The first goal of my thesis was to combine the synthetic biology methods of genome cloning in yeast and back transplantation into recipient cells with a CRISPR/Cas9 tool for efficient engineering of mycoplasma genomes cloned in yeast. We succeeded in removing genes and genomic regions in three different species, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. pneumoniae. Then, in order to develop a system optimized for mycoplasma genome editing, we characterized a natural CRISPR/Cas9 system derived from Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg). Using a combination of in silico and in vivo approaches, MgCas9 PAM sequence was characterized as NNNAAAA. We then started to develop a minimal CRISPR/Cas system from M. gallisepticum for direct genome editing in mollicutes. Thus we introduced MgCas9 encoding gene in Mmc and tried to activate it with a newly designed gRNA, a chimeric molecule between the crRNA and the tracrRNA of M. gallisepticum, without success yet
Barret, Julien. "Clonage, ingénierie et transfert de grands fragments de génome chez Bacillus subtilis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0458.
Full textGenome engineering of microorganisms has become a standard in microbial biotechnology. In 2010, promising synthetic biology technologies using yeast as a platform for the assembly and engineering of synthetic bacterial genomes followed by their transplantation into a recipient cell have emerged. These technologies have led to the creation of the first synthetic cells and opened new avenues towards the construction of cells with fully controlled biological properties. Transferring these tools to microorganisms of industrial interest such as the Gram+ bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Bsu), a model in the biotechnology sector, would be a major step forward. This is precisely the aim of the ANR "Bacillus 2.0" project, which brings together two INRAE teams and aims to adapt all these synthetic biology tools to Bsu so as to be able to go from computer-aided design of semi-synthetic Bsu genomes to the production of new industrial strains. However, initial work on this project showed that the entire Bsu genome could not be cloned and maintained in yeast in its current state. These results threatened to call into question the feasibility of the entire project and, in particular, the relevance of using yeast as a platform for assembling the semi-synthetic Bsu genome.The goal of my thesis was to demonstrate that yeast remained a relevant host for the Bacillus 2.0 project. It was divided into 3 parts. In the first part, a genome cloning method recently developed in the laboratory, called CReasPy-Fusion, was progressively adapted to Bsu. The results obtained showed (i) the possible transfer of plasmid DNA between bacterial protoplasts and yeast spheroplasts, (ii) the efficiency of a CRISPR-Cas9 system carried by yeast cells to capture/modify this plasmid DNA during Bsu/yeast fusion, and then (iii) the efficiency of the same system to capture genomic fragments of about a hundred kb from three different strains. Fluorescence microscopy observations were also carried out revealing two types of interaction that would enable the transition from protoplast/spheroplast contact to cloned bacterial DNA in yeast. In the second part of my thesis, the CReasPy-Fusion method was used in an attempt to clone large Bsu genome fragments in yeast. Genomic fragments of up to ~1 Mb could be cloned in yeast, but their capture required the prior addition of a large number of ARS to the Bsu genome to stabilize the genetic constructs. The final part was the adaptation of the RAGE method to Bsu. This method allow the transfer, not of a whole genome, but of portions of bacterial genomes from yeast to the bacteria to be edited. Proof of concept was achieved by exchanging a 155 kb genome fragment with a reduced 44 kb version.In conclusion, the work carried out during this thesis has shown the relevance of using yeast as an engineering platform for large-scale modifications of the Bsu genome. On the one hand, we have shown that fragments of around 100 kb can be cloned in yeast, modified and transferred into a recipient cell to generate Bsu mutants. This strategy offers a real alternative to genome transplantation. On the other hand, we have shown that large fragments of the Bsu genome (up to 1 Mb) can also be cloned in yeast, provided they contain numerous ARS in their sequences. Thanks to these results, cloning a reduced Bsu genome in yeast has once again become an achievable goal
Zaworski, Julie. "Deinococcus geothermalis genome scale structure study to design and engineer heterologous metabolic pathways." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE031.
Full textDeinococcus geothermalis is a non-model organism of high interest for bio-manufacturing since it shows a extreme resistance and good capacities for fermentation process on different carbon sources. However the engineering tools are limited to finely tuned metabolic pathways for bio-productions. This PhD work aims at contributing to overcome this obstacle through a whole-genome approach to the issue of understanding the genomic organization of D. geothermalis and defined interesting genomic locations. The whole-genome approach is based on the existence of genome-scale patterns that were analyzed in two different ways. A first approach consisted of studying the influence of the genome location on the expression of a reporter cassette. On a library of over 150 strains, the expression is higher near the origin of replication than near the terminus, a common observation. However, other hot spots of expression along the genome additionally appeared with a symmetric distribution about the origin of replication. The second approach consisted of analyzing the genomic patterns under stress through the in-house GREAT:SCAN:patterns software. These patterns interrelate with gene expression regulation and are an interesting key for genome engineering. Testing different stress conditions and considering the matching regulons as described in the literature, it appeared that related stresses share genomic patterns. Moreover these patterns tend to be conserved between distant organisms. These two approaches lead to define interesting genome loci for inserting genes encoding the enzymes of a pathway, with a view to metabolic engineering
Loubat, Arthur. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle du génome du bactériophage SPP1 de Bacillus subtilis par des approches de Biologie de Synthèse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL006.
Full textA strategy to foster innovation in biotechnology relies on constructing cellular chassis strains with genomes appropriately streamlined for the desired application. Streamlining genomes requires the development of efficient and robust genetic tools for genome engineering. While Gram-negative model bacteria have multiple genetic tools of phage origin, this is not the case for Gram-positive bacteria. This work aims to pioneers methods and techniques for investigating and manipulating bacteriophage genomes, with a particular focus on the SPP1 phage from Bacillus subtilis. SPP1 is one of the best-characterized lytic bacteriophages in the siphovirus family. However, numerous questions persist regarding the function and essentiality of its genes, as well as the processes of SPP1 transcription, replication, and encapsidation.Two complementary libraries of mutants have been constructed. The first one is a library of B. subtilis mutant strains, each carrying one or more phage genes integrated into the bacterial chromosome, with inducible expression. The toxicity of viral proteins to B. subtilis was tested for 82 mutants. Approximately 23% of the mutants displayed altered phenotypes due to the expression of phage genes. For instance, regarding genes of unknown function, the expression of gp29.1 led to a dose-dependent reduction in growth rate, while gp37.1-37.2 expression induced cell filamentation.The second library is composed of semi-synthetic SPP1 phages, each deleted for one or more essential and non-essential genes. A deletion method by in vitro assembly of SPP1 genome fragments followed by host cell transformation was developed. Each phage mutant was built and propagated in the corresponding B. subtilis mutant strain from the first collection to allow for trans-complementation of the phage mutation. The fitness of 36 mutants was characterized during B. subtilis infection, revealing that around 25% of phage genes were found to be essential or nearly essential for phage propagation. For instance, the mutant SPP1 Δgp22, involved in the tail assembly but of unknown function, exhibited significantly reduced capacity for multiplication.Lastly, an in vivo engineering method of genomes of phages from Gram-positive bacteria using CRISPR-Cas9 was developed and validated.These results have helped decipher some interactions between SPP1 and B. subtilis and will ultimately contribute to the design of new genetic engineering tools
Garcia, Camargo Sergio. "Ingénierie Concurrente en Génie Logiciel: Céline." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00263683.
Full textNotre proposition sera divisée en deux parties. Dans la première partie nous définissons un langage pour la modélisation des procédés de génie logiciel concurrents et nous expliquons les mécanismes qui permettent l'application dans la réalité des procédés ainsi définis. La deuxième partie propose un système dit d'augmentation de l'information contextuelle, qui prend avantage de l'existence des modèles de procédés, pour fournir aux utilisateurs une information pertinente pour leur travail.
La proposition est implémentée au sein du logiciel CELINE. Ce logiciel a été mis en service dans un environnement industriel au sein de deux équipes de conception de la société STMicroelectronics.
Guesdon, Gabrielle. "Développement de méthodes de clonage de génomes entiers chez la levure pour la construction de souches châssis semi-synthétiques de Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0204.
Full textOne of the major challenges in the synthetic biology (BS) field, is to provide new solutions to global issues (therapeutic/sanitary or climatic), in particular through the construction of useful, efficient and environmentally friendly production strains.The well-characterized, non-pathogenic, Gram+ bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Bsu), is widely used in industry as a biotechnological workhorse. Recent studies have established that mutant strains with modified genomes are able to produce larger amounts of recombinant proteins. This suggests that the production of rationally designed Bsu chassis could be an important step in the improvement of valuable strains for industrial purposes.This work was performed within the Bacillus 2.0's ANR project, which aims at applying SB tools for Bsu, and at developing an effective pipeline for the high-throughput construction of versatile Bsu chassis strains. Selected SB technologies for the pipeline include (i) the synthetic genome design, (ii) the in-yeast DNA assembly methods using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (iii) the from-yeast whole genome isolation and transplantation (GT) to a recipient bacteria cell and, (iv) the characterization of recombinant strains.The objectives of this thesis were to ensure the feasibility of these methods using a Gram+ bacterium, by showing, in particular, that it was possible to clone and maintain in S. cerevisiae the genome of a minimal Bsu strain, MPG192 (2.86 Mbp) and to modify it using the large repertoire of yeast genetic tools. Our first attempts to clone the entire Bsu genome into yeast using already described methods failed. Using a TAR-Cloning approach, we then attempted to clone large DNA fragments obtained by restriction of the Bsu genome. In a first experiment, five out of seven fragments were cloned. Difficulties to clone the largest fragment (1.50 Mbp), are presumably related to its size, and/or the lack of ARS elements. Concerning the other fragment, several factors have been proposed to explain the cloning failure: again, an insufficient number of ARS elements, but also, the presence of many repeated sequences (7 ribosomal operons), and/or the deleterious expression of these genes. Finally with other experiments, the whole 2.86 Mb genome was cloned in 21 pieces ranging from 6 kbp to 515 kbp. As TAR-Cloning imposes constraints in the choice of restriction sites, a new cloning method, called CReasPy-Fusion, was developed. This method allows the simultaneous cloning and engineering of mega-sized genome in yeast using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, after direct bacterial cell to yeast spheroplast cell fusion. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated that the method can be used to capture a piece of genome, or to clone and edit the whole genome from six different Mycoplasma species. This method was then adapted to Bsu, showing for the first-time yeast spheroplast and Gram+ protoplast cell fusion. A fragment of ~150 kb has been successfully cloned in yeast.Even if, the entire Bsu genome has not yet been cloned in yeast, several critical elements have been identified. First of all, this work underlines the importance of the cloning method to be adopted depending on the organism of interest. Then, it emphasizes the existence of both biological and technical factors that explain current difficulties and that will have to be taken into account in subsequent experiments. Finally, it enabled the development of the new in-yeast cloning method called CReasPy-Fusion which expands the catalog of technics already described. Through its versatility, it opens up prospects for the capture of large genome fragments, the suppression of problematic loci, and to support the assembly of synthetic fragments
Rederstorff, Émilie. "Potentiel des exopolysaccharides marins en ingénierie des tissus squelettiques." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2002.
Full textDegenerative hurts of skeletal tissue affect an important part of the population and represent a major stake in health care. However, the therapeutic approaches for the repair of these tissues, suffer from numerous limitations. In this context, a multidisciplinary efforts has been done to develop alternative therapeutic solutions, leading to a new discipline; tissue engineering. This discipline has for objective to develop biological substitutes, by developing hybrid constructs associating three-dimensional matrices with cells. The goal of this thesis was to estimate the potential of two exopolysaccharides (EPS) from marine origin HE800 and GY785 in skeletal tissue engineering. During a first study, we set up a sterilization method adapted to marine EPS. Then, toward the development of physically and biologically competent 3 D matrices, we demonstrated in the second study that the association of EPS to a sililated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC) increases the mechanical properties of the scaffold. The third study deepened on the biological properties of the GY785/Si-HPMC scaffold on cartilage tissue engineering with rabbit articular chondrocytes (RAC). Results indicate the ability of this scaffold to maintain and to recover a chondrocytic phenotype as well as the production of cartilage-like extracellular matrix. The results of these works show the interest of marine EPS in tissue engineering and more particularly, the significance of GY785 EPS in cartilage tissue engineering
Lesieur, Romane. "Ingénierie tissulaire de l'oesophage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0020.
Full textUpon removal of a portion of the esophagus, the restoration of the digestive continuity involves the surgical creation of an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis. However, postoperative complications such as lung impairments, fistulas, strictures, graft necrosis, and gastroesophageal reflux are reported. The enhancement of surgical procedures for esophageal replacement has made promising progress by the development of a substitute through tissue engineering that utilizes a decellularized biological esophageal matrix (DEM). The primary objective of this study was to optimize the design of porcine DEM and characterize its biological and mechanical properties. The secondary objective was to cellularize DEM using readily available immune-privileged human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from Wharton's jelly (hMSCs-WJ).Esophageal decellularization was performed according to a protocol based on the dynamic perfusion of chemical and enzymatic solutions through the organ lumen. Histological analysis and residual DNA quantification of the DEM were conducted to determine the efficiency of the decellularization protocol. The ultrastructure of the DEM was analyzed using immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling, and the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein content was described by mass spectrometry. In-vitro cytotoxicity tests of DEM were conducted following ISO 10993-5 standards. The evaluation of suture retention strength, tensile strength, and bursting pressure of DEM aimed to describe the mechanical behavior of the substitute for clinical use.hMSCs-WJ used for DEM cellularization were extracted from human umbilical cords, and their flow cytometry profiling confirmed the purity of the cell population. The immune response of hMSCs-WJ was quantified after co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs phenotyping assessed the expression of immune markers in contact with hMSCs-WJ, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantified cytokine release. The proposed DEM cellularization strategy involved the development of cell sheets from hMSCs-WJ. The validation of the cell sheet production protocol involved the characterization of the cellular phenotype by IHC analysis, and the mechanical study of the sheets measured their resistance to perforation.The absence of cellular content and residual DNA quantification in DEM confirmed the efficacy of decellularization according to current validation criteria. The ultrastructure and biological components of the ECM were preserved, and proteomic analysis highlighted protein complexity. Decellularization treatment did not induce DEM toxicity, and the mechanical behavior of DEM was suitable for its use as an esophageal substitute.Culturing hMSCs-WJ as cell sheets promoted the cellularization of the DEM. Once seeded, the sheets retained their cellular phenotype and immune-privileged characteristics. In-vitro tissue remodeling was visible, along with the formation of a new ECM produced by hMSCs-WJ.Characterization of the obtained DEM offered biological complexity and favorable mechanical behavior for its use as an esophageal substitute. DEM was cellularizable with hMSCs-WJ cell sheets, potentially promoting tissue integration and remodeling
Brune, Thierry. "Ingénierie tissulaire du ligament antérieur croisé du genou." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10197.
Full textTears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequent. In absence of spontaneous healing, it is necessary to perform an autologous graft. In spite of clinical good results, some limitations remain. Within the framework of this project, we developed an new kind of tissue-engineered implant. The first part deals with the characterization of the cells extracted from the disrupted ACL. Then we present two models of ligament made of “small intestinal submucosa” (SIS), an acellular material of animal origin. The use of various cellular populations and several versions of SIS is discussed in the third part. Our results show that the cells of the disrupted ACL behave in vitro like those of the intact ACL. In addition, a hydrated form of SIS makes it possible to obtain a model with a morphology close to that of the ACL. The fourth part is devoted to an animal test which aimed to validate for the ACL a new protocole of implantation allowing a quicker integretion of the implant
Merceron, Christophe. "Ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage : hydrogel et cellules souches." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5f4996be-9d81-47bd-aed3-fb4ce525bab3.
Full textArticular cartilage is a highly specialized connective tissue that covers the end of bone and forms the smooth surface of joints. Articular cartilage is an avascular, alymphatic, aneural tissue that has limited self-healing capabilities. Cartilage can be altered by traumatic injuries, inflammatory or degenerative diseases. Current surgical treatments for cartilaginous defects only allow to obtain short-term satisfactory results. Therefore strategies for long-term cartilage repair have been developed. These tissue engineering strategies are based on the use of chondrogenic cells, biomaterials and morphogens. In this context, we investigated the combined use of stem cells from human adipose tissue (hATSC) and a silated cellulose-based injectable self-setting hydrogel (Si-HPMC). First we have shown that hATSC exhibit stem cells features. We have then demonstrated that hATSC cultured within a 3D environment provided by Si-HPMC and in the presence of inductive medium, express a chondrocytic phenotype and are able to form a cartilaginous tissue in vivo. In order to optimize the chondrogenic differentiation of hATSC, we were finally interested in deciphering the potential roles of hypoxia and a marine polysaccharide GAG-mimetic (GY785 DRS) to improve chondogenic differentiation of hATSC. These two factors have emerged as potential tools to optimize the chondrogenic differentiation for use in regenerative medicine of cartilage
Richard-Foy, Julien. "Ingénierie des applications Web : réduire la complexité sans diminuer le contrôle." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S110/document.
Full textThanks to information technologies, some tasks or information process can be automated, thus saving a significant amount of money. The web platform brings numerous of such digital tools. These are hosted on web servers that centralize information and coordinate users, which can use the tools from several kinds of devices (desktop computer, laptop, smartphone, etc.), by using a web browser, without installing anything. Nevertheless, developing such web applications is challenging. The difficulty mainly comes from the distance between client and server devices. First, the physical distance between these machines requires them to be networked. This raises several issues. How to manage latency ? How to provide a good quality of service even when the network is down ? How to choose on which side (client or server) to execute a computation ? How to free developers from addressing these problems without yet hiding the distributed nature of web application so that they can still benefit from their advantages ? Second, the execution environment is different between clients and servers. Indeed, on client-side the program is executed within a web browser whose API provides means of reacting to user actions and of updating the page. On server-side, the program is executed on a web server that processes HTTP requests. Some aspects of web applications can be shared between client and server sides (e.g. content display, form validation, navigation, or even some business computations). However, the APIs and environments are different between clients and servers, so how to share the same code while keeping the same execution performance as with native APIs ? How to keep the opportunity to leverage the specificities of a given platform ? This work aims at shortening this distance while keeping the opportunity to leverage it, that is while giving developers as much expressive power
Kökten, Tunay. "L'innervation en ingénierie dentaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ073/document.
Full textOur biomimetic approach allowed the regeneration of a whole tooth. Using embryonic dental cells, a two-steps protocol allowed crown formation in vitro and, after implantation, functional cells differentiation, initiation of root formation and tooth vascularization. However, the teeth were not innervated, which led to complementary experiments:- The co-implantation of cell re-associations with a trigeminal ganglion allowed axonal growth around the forming teeth, but not in the dental mesenchyme. - To try to solve this point, axonal regeneration was tested in immunodepressed conditions, using cyclosporin A (CsA). In these conditions, nerve fibers entered the dental pulp and reached odontoblasts. However, CsA shows multiple effects, including direct ones on nerve growth. - Co-implantations were performed in immunocompromised Nude mice allowed axons to reach the odontoblast layer, thus showing that immunomodulation is sufficient.- Axons in the dental mesenchyme interfere with several functions by interacting with neighbor cells. Relationships between axons and other cells (odontoblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and glial cells) were analyzed in the peridental and dental mesenchymes of implanted reassociations and compared to the physiological situation in developing molars at similar stage. This work describes conditions allowing the innervation of engineered teeth. Preliminary encouraging attempts have been made to replace CsA by using stem cells
Huget, Marc-Philippe. "Une Ingénierie des protocoles d'interaction pour les systèmes multi-agents." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090015.
Full textGrellier, Adeline Maritie. "La communication ostéo-endothéliale : application en ingénierie du tissu osseux." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21560.
Full textBone development and remodelling are dependant on a tight cell cooperation between osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell types, responsible for bone formation and degradation, respectively. Angiogenesis is also a key process involved in these mechanisms and cell communication between osseous and endothelial cells is fundamental This work aims to study the cell communication between human osteoprogenitors (HOPs) arising from bone marrow and human endothelial cells (human umbilical cord endothelial cells : HUVECs). This osteo-endothelial communication was analysed using a well defined in vitro co-culture model in 2D but also into a 3D system into alginate microsphères which were then implanted in vivo in a bone defect in nude mice. In a first part, the HOPs were submitted to a mechanical stress which is an important parameter for the physiology of bone. Their ability to regulate their phenotype was demonstrated under shear stress. In co-culture wuth HUVECs, the phenotype was regulated and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor seems to be involved in this regulation. The endothelial phenotype was also regulated in co-culture since HUVECs migration led to a tubular-like cell rearrangement. Into alginate microspheres cultured in vitro, the HUVECs stimulated the osteoblastic phenotype of HOPs. Moreover, after implantation in a bone defect in vivo, the HUVECs enhanced the HOP-induced mineralization. This work shows that the cells are able to communicate and seems promising for the development of new tissue engineering strategies
Kaddah, Fouad. "Étude numérique d'éléments de plaques et coques minces et épaisses pour des applications en génie civil." Villeneuve d'Ascq, École centrale de Lille, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10101.
Full textVan, den Berghe Hélène. "Nouveaux conjugués PLA-antibiotique pour des systèmes à libération prolongée en ingénierie tissulaire." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13509.
Full textThe aim of this work was to elaborate bioresorbable PLA50-antibiotic conjugates likely to be combined to matrices used as cellular supports for tissue engineering. The literature analysis led to the design of PLA50 oligomers-amoxicillin conjugates allowing a sustained drug delivery in the infected medium. Two conjugates were synthesized according to two strategies: an activation of the oligomers via a Curtius rearrangement or via an acylation reaction, giving conjugates with a urea or an amide bond, respectively. The comparative study of the in vitro drug delivery in aqueous medium showed that the urea bond is more suitable for the aimed application. Biological tests showed that the two conjugates were cytocompatible and preserve the same bacteriological activity range than free amoxicillin
Heux, Stéphanie. "Ingénierie métabolique et analyse 13C-flux du métabolisme central des levures Saccharomyces cerevisiae œnologiques." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS026.
Full textIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, rerouting the carbon flux towards the formation of by-products other than ethanol promises to both offer insight into yeast metabolism and allow the development of strains with reduced ethanol yield; such strains could be used to decrease the ethanol content of wines. A first approach to do this involved the introduction of a bacterial NADH oxidase into S. Cerevisiae, resulting in a significant decrease in NADH production and a large redistribution of metabolic fluxes. Under controlled microaeration conditions, the ethanol yield declined by 7%, although the synthesis of oxidized metabolites increased. A second strategy, devised to remove a portion of the glucose as CO2, was based on the diversion of the carbon flux towards the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway. The phenotype of a phosphoglucose isomerase pgi1 mutant suggested that the PP pathway in the wine yeastderived strain V5 was limited. A comparative 13C-flux analysis of the metabolic networks of V5 and the ENY. WA-1A laboratory strain was performed. Major differences were observed in the flux distribution between the two strains. In the wine yeast, the flux through the PP pathway was markedly reduced, with fluxes redirected towards the formation of biomass, glycerol, and ethanol, consistent with the physiological fitness of this strain for wine fermentation conditions. These results shed new light on the metabolism of these strains and on the factors that act to limit the PP pathway. They also offer new perspectives for studying the metabolic diversity present in S. Cerevisiae species
Duval, Elise. "Hypoxie et ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2063.
Full textIn a context of important ageing of the population, prevalence and socioeconomic repercussion of the degenerative osteoarthritis are in perpetual increase. The cartilage has a very low regeneration potential and the current approaches do not allow to regenerate a fully functional tissue. Thus numerous study turned toward tissue engineering with the aim of making cartilage in vitro. This innovative strategy consists in associating cells with a chondrogenic inductor and a matrix, which will serve as a scaffold for in vitro tissue synthesis in vitro. Thereafter, the artificial cartilage undergoes implantation in the lesion of the patient. Nowadays, two approaches are envisaged with, on one hand, the use of chondrocytes and, on the other hand, the resort to stem cells. In this study, we have associated these cells with hypoxia to mimic the natural environment of the cartilage. Our results, both in vitro and in vivo, clearly demonstrate the powerful inductive effect of hypoxia on chondrocytic phenotype. They also enlighten HIF-1a molecular mechanisms and the role of SOX9 in cartilage phenotype maintain and recovery
Miralles, André. "Ingénierie des modèles pour les applications environnementales." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00279669.
Full textBeopoulos, Athanasios. "Ingénierie génétique de la levure oléagineuse Yarrowia Lipolytica pour la production de lipides." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/55/93/19/PDF/Beopoulos_Athanasios_2009_Genetic_engineering_of_the_olea.pdf.
Full textEn anglais : Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast with a remarkable potential for growth and lipid accumulation in hydrophobic environments. In this study we have expanded our knowledge of lipid metabolism in this yeast with an emphasis on lipid accumulation and degradation capacity, and the regulation and interaction of the different metabolic pathways. The study of metabolic enzymes in oleaginous microorganisms and their functional specifications in comparison with the non-oleaginous microorganisms has led us to focus on the enzymes potentially conferring the oleaginous character. The objective of this study is to combine the knowledge of yeast's physiology with the existing genetic tools to use Y. Lipolytica as a cell factory for the production of large amounts of lipids with an industrial interest. In order to redirect carbon flux towards lipid synthesis, the GUT2 gene coding for a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isomer and the β-oxidation pathway were invalidated in Y. Lipolytica leading to a strong increase of lipid accumulation. As to identify the limiting step of TAG synthesis and to construct strains with altered lipid profiles, we have modified the expression level of acyltransferases and desaturases. The relative contribution of acyltransferases depends on the growth phase and their affinity towards the acylation substrate is complementary. The modification of desaturases allowed the accumulation of specific fatty acids, thus demonstrating the possibility of modulating lipid profile in Y. Lipolytica. This study has enabled us to construct hyper accumulative strains with added-value lipid profiles that could find biotechnological applications in the energy (biodiesel) field or in the oleochemical industry as alternative units for specific substrate production
Nait, Lechguer Adnane. "Ingénierie de l'organe dentaire à partir de cellules dissociées : morphogénèse coronaire, vascularisation et innervation." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/NAIT_LECHGUER_Adnane_2010.pdf.
Full textMichaud, François-Thomas. "Profilage protéomique par analyse multivariée de signaux LCMS appliqué en ingénierie cellulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26366/26366.pdf.
Full textBaumert, Hervé. "Ingénierie tissulaire de structures différenciées et vascularisées à des fins de remplacement vésical ou urétéral." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T055.
Full textCurrent surgical techniques for bladder or ureteral replacement or repair use digestive segments. The use of these digestive segments can lead to surgical, metabolic, infectious, stone related or oncological complications. Creation of neo tissue with the same physiological characteristics by tissue engineering techniques could avoid such complications. We developed a tissue engineering technique in a pig model, that allowed us to obtain tissue to use in a neo bladder. We used seeded scaffolds from cells obtained from primary cultures, which were transferred into the omentum for in vivo maturation and vascularisation. This original model of an in vivo bioreactor allowed us to obtain a well vascularised and contractile neo bladder composed by differentiated urothelial and smooth muscle fibres. This same technique allowed us to obtain for the first time in an animal, a neo ureter with terminal differentiated urothelium that is essential for a functional ureter. Finally, we verified that this technique could be used by laparoscopy without the negative impacts of carbon dioxide on the constructed tissue. Optic and electronic microscopy evaluation showed that the neo ureter was well vascularized and differentiated
Gardoni, Mickaël. "Maîtrise de l'information non structurée et capitalisation de savoir et savoir-faire en Ingénierie Intégrée : cas d'étude Aérospatiale." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Gardoni.Mickael.SMZ9925.pdf.
Full textLeduc, Tangni Elisa. "Cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines de sang de cordon ombilical, chondrogenèse et ingénierie du cartilage articulaire." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN3153.
Full textOsteoarthritis, a common joint disease, often results in a total prosthetic joint replacement, while limited size injuries can be treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation. This technique presents many limitations including traumatic chirurgical process and poor chondrocytes recovery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of main interest as a promising cell source to treat articular cartilage defects. The aim of our study was, first, to determine the chondrogenic differentiation potential of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) and, then, to stabilize the phenotype using an innovative approach combining type I/III collagens sponges 3D-culture, BMP-2 ± TGF-β1 chondrogenic factors and hypoxia. Our results demonstrate that UCB-MSCs have a high proliferative capacity and a normal karyotype. Cells also present a high capacity of differentiation into the osteoblast lineage but a limited one concerning adipogenesis. Our results show that the UCB-MSCs can be committed in the chondrogenic pathway but with a nuance according to the growth factor or oxygen tension used. Finally, our work demonstrates that oxygen tension is a key factor for chondrogenic differentiation. In this sense, our results specifically suggest that the UBC-MSCs culture in vitro in 3D must begin in normoxic conditions in order to obtain a more efficient chondrogenic differentiation before placing them in hypoxia conditions to stabilize the phenotype before implantation. Our study thus demonstrates that our innovative culture model allows efficient chondrogenic differentiation, and that UCB-MSCs could be a reliable source for cartilage tissue engineering
Bousadra, Fatima. "La perception des étudiantes et étudiants finissants en génie de l'Université de Sherbrooke au regard des compétences non techniques en ingénierie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/583.
Full textFaure, Julien. "Influence des paramètres structuraux d'une plaque rayonnante sur la perception sonore." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAL0087.
Full textSounds have been synthesized from a physical model of a plate excited by an acoustic plane wave and working in transmission. From these artificial sounds, sound perception tests have been carried out in laboratory. Confrontation between the results of the subjective evaluation and the results ofthe vibroacoustic analysis of the behavior of the structure makes it possible to evaluate with precision the influence of each studied structural parameter on sound perception. It also makes it possible to directly connect the preference score to the plate structural parameters. Solutions are thus proposed in order to improve the acoustic performance of structures in transmission by integrating sound perception
Guéhéneuc, Yann-Gaël. "Un cadre pour la traçabilité des motifs de conception." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2020.
Full textYu, Jian-Hua. "Etude statique, dynamique et de la stabilité des plaques nervurées à partir de la formulation de mindlin." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA2010.
Full textJuthier, Francis. "Ingénierie tissulaire de valves cardiaques : apport des techniques de thérapie cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433512.
Full textFavre, Jean-Marie. "Une approche pour la maintenance et la ré-ingénierie globale des logiciels." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724676.
Full textDumitrescu, Cosmin. "CO-OVM: Une approche pratique pour la modélisation de la variabilité en Ingénierie Système." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011186.
Full textDesjardins, Daniel. "Les facteurs clés du succès d'une politique de réutilisation en génie logiciel." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20215.
Full textBoukhechba, Florian. "Développement de modèles pour l'étude de la formation osseuse en culture tridimensionnelle et en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4086.
Full textThree-dimensional culture (3D) of bone cells and bone tissue engineering are both based on the use of scaffolds to convey osteogenic cells and obtain in vitro and in vivo bone formation respectively. 3D culture is an important field in cell biology, dedicated to reduce the gap between two-dimensional culture and complex tissue architecture. Many works have described various scaffolds as support for the 3D culture of bone cells but in two studies only the presence of osteocyte-like cells have been detected after very long periods of culture. I have engineered an original model of 3D culture in which human primary osteoblasts are seeded within the interspace of calibrated biphasic calcium phosphate particles (BCP). This system results, after one week, in the development of an osteoid matrix and the spontaneous differentiation of the osteoblasts in osteocytes. This model of primary osteocyte differentiation in 3D is a new tool to gain insights into the biology of osteocytes, which compose over 90-95% of bone cells but are difficult to study due to their accessibility and the very rare models available in vitro. The aim of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate the bone stock through a combination of scaffolds, osteogenic factors and / or osteogenic cells. The majority of the studied in this field advocates the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) but the mechanism of action of these cells is still poorly documented. Based on the use of BCP particles, I have participated to the development of a new bone substitute, which has been patented in our laboratory. I have used this new biomaterial as a vehicle for mouse MSC in a model of ectopic bone formation. Using a method of quantitative tracking of the implanted cells, I have shown that the implanted MSC disappeared very quickly from the implants whereas host cells were progressively recruited suggesting that host cells are responsible for the bone formation. We have concluded that, in this model, MSC play a chemotactic function towards host cells. A preliminary study of the putative molecules involved in this phenomenon was performed with the aim of proposing a new
Noharet, Bertrand. "Etude de deux capteurs à fibre optique pour le contrôle de structures : applications à l'aéronautique et au génie civil." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4011.
Full textFénelon, Mathilde. "La MAH en ingénierie tissulaire : application à la régénération du tissu osseux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0241.
Full textGuided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used to repair damaged bone. GBR is based on the application of a membrane which will act as a physical barrier to isolate the intended bone-healing space. The development of bioactive membranes has been suggested to overcome some limitations of the currently used membrane. Due to its biological properties, the human amniotic membrane (HAM) is a new biological membrane option for GBR. This study aimed at investigating the most suitable conditions to use HAM for GBR. First, the influence of both HAM sides and the impact of cryopreservation were studied. Then, a new decellularization process of HAM, that is simple and reproducible, has been developed. In a third part, bone regeneration of non-critical and critical sized defects depending on the preservation method of HAM was assessed in rodents. Results showed that neither stem cells found in HAM, nor the HAM layer used to cover the defect had an influence on its potential for bone regeneration. The most promising results were achieved with the decellularized/lyophilized HAM for the field of bone regeneration
Bruneliere, Hugo. "Generic Model-based Approaches for Software Reverse Engineering and Comprehension." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4040/document.
Full textNowadays, companies face more and more the problem of managing, maintaining, evolving or replacing their existing software systems. Reverse Engineering is the required phase of obtaining various representations of these systems to provide a better comprehension of their purposes / states.Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is a Software Engineering paradigm relying on intensive model creation, manipulation and use within design, development, deployment, integration, maintenance and evolution tasks. Model Driven Reverse Engineering (MDRE) has been proposed to enhance traditional Reverse Engineering approaches via the application of MDE. It aims at obtaining models from an existing system according to various aspects, and then possibly federating them via coherent views for further comprehension.However, existing solutions are limited as they quite often rely on case-specific integrations of different tools. Moreover, they can sometimes be (very) heterogeneous which may hinder their practical deployments. Generic and extensible solutions are still missing for MDRE to be combined with model view / federation capabilities.In this thesis, we propose to rely on two complementary, generic and extensible model-based approaches and their Eclipse/EMF-based implementations in open source: (i) To facilitate the elaboration of MDRE solutions in many different contexts, by obtaining different kinds of models from existing systems (e.g. their source code, data). (ii) To specify, build and manipulate views federating different models (e.g. resulting from MDRE) according to comprehension objectives (e.g. for different stakeholders)
Hamdan, Ahmad. "Effets de dérivés sanguins sur le comportement de cellules ostéogéniques en culture : applications en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA07G001.
Full textTissue engineering is a new domain developed in the aim of restoring, replacing or maintaining biological functions and tissue integrity. H implies the seeding of stem cells on 3D scaffolds in the presence of proper signaling molecules to promote cellular activity. The use of autologous products is preferred, when possible, in order to avoid ail risk associated with the use of allogenous or xenogenous products. Blood derivatives represent a potential autologous source for growth factors as well as other moiecules that couid be used in tissue engineering. Our objective was to evaluate, in an in vitro model, the effects of 2 blood derivatives on the behavior of rat calvaria osteoblastic cells. In the first part, we evaluated the effects of a homologous serum on osteoblastic ce11 proliferation and differentiation. In the second part of this work, we studied the in vitro effects of a new 3D scaffold of blood origin, globin, on osteoblastic cells. Our results show that these 2 blood derivatives are capable of stimulating osteoblastic cell activity and could find, in the future, clinical applications in the field of human bone tissue engineering
Thébaud-Aubry, Noélie-Brunehilde. "Cellules endothéliales issues de progéniteurs humains : des acteurs pertinents en ingénierie vasculaire ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21614/document.
Full textThe incidence of atherosclerotic arterial disease is still a major public health problem and despite endovascular surgery therapies, surgical treatment is necessary for many patients. Vascular bypass is performed with an autologous vein which remains the gold standard, or when patients do not have appropriate blood vessels to be used as replacement, with a synthetic prosthesis. Nowadays, synthetic vascular grafts have been successfully used in the treatment of the pathology of large arteries, but the replacement of the smaller sized arteries is still a challenge because synthetic vascular grafts are known to be highly thrombogenic and have poor mechanical properties. Recently, the tissue engineering concept has emerged and advances. It can allow to propose development of new hybrid or biologic vascular substitutes, using stem cells and progenitor cells, holding great promise for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to obtain reliably and reproducibly, cells with mature endothelial phenotype from endothelial progenitor cells isolated from human bone marrow and peripheral blood and investigate cell response in conditions similar to those observed in a native vessel. We were able to expand cells (PDECs: Progenitor Derived Endothelial Cells) from progenitors which exhibit markers conventionally used to define mature endothelial cells. They were able, on scaffolds currently used in clinic like collagen type I and fibrin glue or on more experimental scaffold (Polyelectrolytes multilayers films), to form a confluent monolayer. These PDECs are able to withstand arterial shear stress and analysis of genes and proteins implicated in endothelium biology shows that these cells respond to shear stress stimulation with a phenotype connected to an anti-thrombogenic activity. Moreover, preliminary studies using co-cultures of PDECs and osteoblastic progenitors, open interesting perspectives concerning PDECs to be used in the field of vascularized bone tissue engineering
Nguyen, Thuong Anh. "Analyse systématique du concept de comportement linéaire équivalent en ingénierie sismique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1032/document.
Full textIn earthquake engineering, it is common that the behaviour of a structure undergoing a strong motion is characterized by wise or narrow hysteresis loops depending on the type of behaviour of the structure. Considering this non-linear behaviour in a transient calculation requires a huge need of resources in terms of calculation time and memory. In this context, the method of equivalent linearization, consisting in the evaluation of the non-linear response of the structure has been introduced by geotechnical engineers In the 1970s. Despite efforts of many authors, this method is still not used in structural field. The goal of this research is to examine the linear equivalent behaviour in the context of the simplified method of evaluating the non-linear response of a structure in earthquake engineering. We review the criteria of equivalence adopted by many methods searching for the equivalence of (1) the maximum of displacement or (2) quantity of dissipated energy or (3) the restore force. Our argumentative analyses carry out that these three criteria are not pertinent and/or efficient. This leads, in some cases, to some unexplained results. We show the important role, which is mostly neglected in existing method, of frequency content while evaluating the ductile demand. Based on this recognition, we introduce a new method of equivalent linearization based on the transfer function. We use this method in order to explore a numerical experimental plan in which we calculate the equivalent characteristics (frequency and damping) versus the ductile demand for different configuration characterized by (a) the ratio between the frequency of the oscillator and the central frequency of the input signal, (b) the hardening and (c) the behaviour which covers the elastoplastic and damaged ones. We propose two new approaches of the linear equivalent behaviour. The first one, aiming to improve the non-linear static procedure of ATC40, use the secant stiffness and the maximal displacement. This approach consists in an estimation of damping which is different to ATC40. Its pertinence is established by evaluating with accuracy the maximal displacement of the canonical non-linear systems. The second approach consists in restitution of the dynamic of the response of a non-linear oscillator by using the transfer function. The pertinence of this proposition is shown through the criteria of Anderson, especially in terms of transferred motion. In this effect, the linear equivalent behaviour based on the transfer function allows to cope the transferred motion through the non-linear oscillator without performing the non-linear transient calculation. The validation of the linear equivalent behaviour based on the transfer function has been examined on real structures through some experimental tests such as the reinforced concrete wall (SAFE) or piping systems (BARC and EPRI)
Gonzalez, David. "Durabilité des assemblages collés du génie civil : effets du vieillissement hygrothermique aux échelles micro- et macroscopiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/65/93/80/PDF/Gonzales.pdf.
Full textMayer, Frédérique. "Contribution au génie productique : application à l'ingénierie pédagogique en atelier inter-établissements de productique lorrain." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10377.
Full textSteel, James Richard Heron. "Typage de Modèles." Rennes 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538274.
Full textModel-Driven Engineering is a discipline for the construction of systems based on the use of models. Although research is active into the use of MDE and its core technologies such as languages for storing, transforming and manipulating models, less attention has been paid to techniques for ensuring the safe reuse and composition of the elements which manipulate models. This thesis presents an approach based on ideas and formalisms from the domain of type systems for defining clear notions of models and model types, as well as a relation for model type substitutability. These model typing principles are demonstrated through their implementation in the Kermeta modelling and metamodelling language. Additionally, a presentation is made of the expression problem as it pertains to model-driven engineering, and of how the use of model types can help to address the issues it represents
Fraipont-Rohleder, Clotilde. "Expression des besoins de variabilité dans un système." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010018.
Full textKabbaj, Mohammed Issam. "Gestion des déviations dans la mise en œuvre des procédés logiciels." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20035.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose an original approach to process enactment evolution, based on formal management of process deviations. Deviations are defined as operations that violate process constraints. Once a deviation is detected, a deviation-tolerance model attached to the preset process is used to decide whether to accept or to reject the deviation. Detecting deviations consists to compare the enactable process model and the observed process of actual development through a monitoring system of user actions. The observed process is captured in observed process model. His behavioral and dynamic aspects are described in terms of the process elements life cycles. The observed model, is described in terms of current states of process elements, and history of operations performed by human actors. Both models are translated into first-order logic representation. Detecting and analysis of deviations are based on a formal approach exploiting this logical representation. The decision rests on a rules-based tolerance model that expresses decision to make with respect to contexts in which deviations occur. The method relevance lies in its ability to offer two managing deviations methods depending on the enactment context : acceptance of deviations after dynamic adaptation of process model for deviations that are considered as major ones, or mere tolerance, without changing process model for deviations considered as minor ones. Thus, treatment differs depending on the context of the desired evolution of process model. We have validated our approach with a case study that illustrates this approach. A prototype of a PSEE exploiting this approach has been developped
Merzouk, Safae. "Développement d'un dispositif microfluidique intégrant des microcapteurs pour des applications biomédicales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10329.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to develop analytical microsystems which are composed of an assembly of microfluidic devices and microsensors for biomedical applications. the work done in this thesis is one of the solutions of biomedical problematic in terms of improving of portable instrumentations based on new technologies to help the medicine in town home care that could have very beneficial consequences in public health. one of the objectives of this work is, to develop a lithium sensitive microsensor for a better control of the concentration of lithium in a patient with manic-depressive treatment by respecting the normal therapeutic range desired to improve medical diagnosis and especially a very good selectivity with the sodium ion. the second objective is to develop a novel microsensor for improving the time to antituberculosis treatment (Isoniazid), respecting the therapeutic ranges and also, to help the clinical medicine to decrease the mortal level of tuberculosis in the world. the final point is the subject of the main objective of this thesis, it’s the development of microfluidic devices and their validation tests applied to the micromixers and microfilters developped by using the manufacturing technology based on silicon/glass. The assembly of the objectives is the concept of developing a lab-on-chip for medical analysis devices to encourage mobile medicine in order to ensure the main points of biomedical research in terms of reducing the gain cost and a rapid response time for medical diagnostic
Kahn, Cyril. "Ingénierie tissulaire des ligaments : conception d'un bioréacteur et étude des propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL010N/document.
Full textTissue Engineering aims to fabricate bio-prostheses by regenerating or culture, in vivo or in vitro, tissues or organs. In the in vitro strategy, developing new tools such as bioréactors which allow the culture of cells or tissues under their specific mechanical solicitations is a huge point. Moreover, the last advances of this discipline in regeneration of tissues require new mechanical model allowing their evaluation and comparison to native tissue under physiological loading. Indeed, in order to obtain a good evaluation of their mechanical quality, it is important to be able to applied mechanical solicitations linked to physiological ones. As a first step, a bioreactor of ligament allowing the culture of cells under mechanical solicitations of cyclic traction-torsion was designed and developed. This bioreactor was sized to potentially obtain a bio-prosthesis comparable to native tissue in term of size (4 to 5 cm long). In a second time, a mechanical model was elaborated based on a thermodynamic formalism developed in our laboratory and the observation made on rabbit Achilles tendons. The goals of this model are to improve our knowledge on the mayor structures involved into the mechanical quality of theses tissues and to evaluate and optimise the scaffolds and neo-tissues of substitution
Le, Nhan Tam. "Ingénierie dirigée par les modèles pour le provisioning d'images de machines virtuelles pour l'informatique en nuage." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926228.
Full textDucret, Maxime. "Ingénierie tissulaire de la pulpe dentaire : vers le développement d’un médicament de thérapie innovante." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10335/document.
Full textDental research currently explores the potential of cell-based products and tissue engineering protocols to be used as alternatives to usual pulp/dentin and bone therapies. In this context, stem/progenitor cells appear to be particularly appropriate because of their high expansion ability and differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo. If bone marrow and adipose tissue are considered potential sources of stem/progenitor cells, painful collection protocols, the decline of the amount of stem/ progenitor cells with age, the necessity of general anesthesia, reduced proliferation capacity, and risk of morbidity at the collection site encourage the search for alternative candidates. Human impacted third molars are frequently removed for therapeutic reasons and the loose connective tissue they contain, the dental pulp, appears to be a valuable source of stem/progenitor cells for pulp/dentin and bone engineering. Indeed, it contains various cell populations that exhibit osteo/odontoblastic differentiation capabilities and that can be cryopreserved for periods of time greater than 6 months. Interestingly, human dental pulp cell (HDPC) populations were recently successfully used for regenerating human pulp/dentin and bone. Cell-based products for tissue engineering are now referred to as human cellular tissue-based products or advanced therapy medicinal products, and guidelines from the American Code of Federal Regulation of the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR Part 1271) and the European Medicines Agency (European Directive 1394/2007) define requirements for appropriate cell production. These ‘‘good manufacturing practices’’ include recommendations regarding laboratory cell culture procedures to ensure optimal reproducibility, efficacy, and safety of the final medicinal product
Delcuvellerie, Jean-Luc. "Ingénierie des systèmes d'automatisation de production : connaissances en conception des architectures de systèmes informatisés d'automatisation et outil d'analyse de la robustesse aux défaillances d'architectures réparties." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10050.
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