Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infrastructures électriques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 22 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Infrastructures électriques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Forli, Lionel. "Test et diagnostic de défauts dans les interconnexions métalliques des circuits numériques par infrastructures "IP"." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11044.
Joalland, Olivier. "Les mesures d’accompagnement comme facteurs d’insertion territoriale des infrastructures de transport d’électricité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0012/document.
The aim is to explore different mechanisms (compensations, incentives) to respond to local demands for the implementation of electricity transmission infrastructures. The thesis is structured around three research axes: 1-Economic valuation of the impacts of power lines on property values 2-How to share compensation between municipalities 3-Local demand for compensatory mechanisms
Dahmane, Yassir. "Gestion d'énergie optimisée étendue véhicules infrastructures." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0047.
This PhD thesis is part of the Renault/Centrale Nantes chair on improving the performance of electric vehicles (EV/PHEV). It is dedicated to the problem of the charging management of electric vehicles, using optimization algorithms and smart charging strategies. In this framework, several contributions have been proposed on the topics of smart charging of an EV and the smart energy management of an EV fleet, considering the mobility constraints (desired SOC at the end of the charging and departure time), the temperature of the Li-ion bat teries, the charging infrastructures, and the power grid. On the subject of smart charging of an EV, the contributions focused on the development of embedded algorithms allowing the scheduling of the charging power profile in order to reduce the charging cost. The proposed algorithms take into account the mobility needs of electric vehicle users, and the effect of temperature on the charging power of Li-ion batteries. On the subject of fleet energy management, the contributions focus on centralized algorithms in electric vehicle charging stations. An unidirectional recharging algorithm has been proposed in or der to evaluate the optimal number of electric vehicles to be recharged with a good level of satisfaction of mobility constraints and without any infrastructure reinforcement. The switch to the bidirectional algorithm is due to the exploitation of the V2G functionality, which will allow the participation of electric vehicles in frequency regulation. The proposed contributions on the first topic have the advantage of increasing the estimation accuracy of final SOC in very low temperature, and to be embedded on the EV due to the low computational capacity of the algorithms and the speed of execution. On the other hand, the EV fleet charging manage ment algorithms allow the possibility of large-scale integration of electric vehicles on the grid and show the potential of EVs in contributing to the stability of the power grid by offering ancillary services such as frequency regulation. The algorithms and strategies developed have been tested in simulation and will be tested on an EV charging system. The results obtained have highlighted the benefits of smart charg ing on cost reduction and grid benefits and the importance of electric vehicle fleet charging management in the development of grid services
Boukir, Anass. "Outils pour l’optimisation du dimensionnement des infrastructures d’alimentation électrique de tramway ou de métro." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS668.
The electrification of urban public transportation, such as trams, represents a major environmental challenge. The technical and financial studies for these projects cover various aspects of the infrastructure, such as excavation, civil engineering structures, railway track platforms, passenger buildings, electrical technology, and more. The objective of these studies is to propose technical solutions while evaluating costs, both in terms of investment and operation. The electric traction infrastructure is an important element in this equation, presenting a significant cost. It must meet transportation needs while adhering to financial and environmental goals. The sizing of this infrastructure aims to ensure the line's availability while optimizing costs. Technical studies for designing an electrical power supply system involve the selection and sizing of components that transport energy from the public grid to rolling stock, including traction substations, overhead contact lines, ground-level power supply, and connecting elements. These choices are based on simulation studies that require precise models and tools to avoid over-sizing the infrastructure due to uncertainties in simulation results. Moreover, compromises must be made between investment and operational costs on one hand and the infrastructure's capacity to handle traffic uncertainties on the other. The thesis's objective is to develop a multi-objective optimization approach to improve the sizing of electrical infrastructure, focusing on two main aspects: i/ the development of a railway electrical simulator with precision and execution speed compatible with optimization loop usage, and ii/ the development of a dimensioning optimization method that considers competing objectives. The thesis is structured into six chapters. After an initial general introduction, the second chapter delves into the issue of railway electrical infrastructure sizing and provides a review of the subject. The third chapter focuses on the railway simulator developed as part of the thesis. It covers the general principles, models, resolution methods, and post-processing of simulation results. The fourth chapter discusses the proposed infrastructure optimization approach, detailing the transformation of the business problem into a bi-objective optimization problem and the choice of the NSGA2 genetic algorithm for resolution. The implementation choices for this method are then presented. In the fifth chapter, the proposed optimization approach is applied to two case studies. The first is a simple test case with intuitive results, allowing for testing and refining the choice of crossover and mutation operators. The second case study involves a more complex real-project. The optimization results outperform those obtained through trial-and-error. Specifically, the optimizer can suggest a range of solutions that strike different balances between cost and reliability, providing engineers with objective decision-making criteria. In summary, the ultimate goal is to create a tool capable of optimizing the sizing of tramway electrical infrastructure while respecting technical specification
Sanchez, Torres José Libardo. "Vulnérabilité, interdépendance et analyse des risques des postes sources et des modes d’exploitation décentralisés des réseaux électriques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT104/document.
In view of the increasing use of Information and Communication Technol-ogies in power systems, it is essential to study the interdependencies between these coupled heterogeneous systems. This thesis focuses on the modeling of multi- infrastructure systems. This includes interdependencies and the three major failures families: common mode, escalat-ing and cascading. It is indeed necessary to identify the weaknesses that can trigger one or multiple failure(s) and cascade through these interdependent infrastructures, causing unex-pected and increasingly more serious failures to other infrastructures. In this context, different approaches, based on the theory of Complex Networks, are developed to identify the most critical components in the coupled heterogeneous system. One of the major scientific barriers addressed in this thesis is the development of a unified mathematical model to represent the behavior
Li, Hang. "Utilisation de matériaux bois intelligents pour la gestion durable des infrastructures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30288/document.
For fifteen years, we restart to construct with wood, and particularly with glulam to respond to the new challenges imposed by the issues of sustainable development. However, degradation issues related to moisture content (MC) or wetting/drying cycles limit the development of timber structures. As a result, the MC monitoring in timber structures becomes a critical issue. Today, several solutions exist but they do not allow a local monitoring in the lamellas of glulam. Such a solution would improve the prediction of the service life of timber structures. In the light of this observation, we proposed to transform glulam into "smart material" by embedding a MC monitoring system in the lamellas, and this, considering the major constraints of fabrication of this material (small glue line thickness, important bonding pressure, etc.). To achieve this, we have conducted a bibliographic research, in order to select the monitoring methods which can satisfy these constraints. According to this research, two technologies turn out to be interesting: the electrical measurements and the ultrasonic measurements. Several measurement configurations were proposed and tested in this PhD work. Thereafter, we conducted preliminary tests to make sure of the good functionality of these measurement configurations, and also to verify the behavior of sensors throughout the glulam fabrication process. Afterwards, we moistened the specimens with two different moistening protocols in order to verify the feasibility of MC monitoring with embedded sensors. Results showed that all the measurement configurations are operational for the MC monitoring in glulam specimens. Moreover, for electrical measurements, our results show that we can adopt almost the same calibration models for the MC monitoring by resistive measurements, no matter the type of sensors used. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain complementary information by the realization of the resistive and capacitive measurements at the same time, using surface electrodes. Regarding the ultrasonic measurements, we have obtained the sensibility curves in frequency of several families of piezoelectric film sensors. On the other hand, the influence of bonding pressure and of sensor distance on the electrical/ultrasonic measurements was also investigated in this study. Future studies will consist in using these measurement configurations to perform in situ monitoring in timber structures, and also to establish a link between the durability of glulam structures and the wetting/drying cycles in order to predict the service life of timber structures
Rozel, Benoît. "La sécurisation des infrastructures critiques : recherche d'une méthodologie d'identification des vulnérabilités et modélisation des interdépendances." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0037.
The research work presented in this PhD thesis deals with Critical Infrastructure Protection. Critical infrastructures are defined as the set of essential networks for the normal functioning of our modern society. This work is particularly focused on the electrical grid and the communication and information networks. Interdependencies between these networks create new vulnerabilities. In order to understand and reduce them, two different approaches were explored. The first one is the building of a multi-infrastructure combined simulator. The second one is the proposal of an original multi-infrastructure model based on the complex networks theory. Thanks to this modelling, dedicated studies were accomplished, principally on the evaluation of the communication network impact on blackouts in power systems
Rozel, Benoît. "La sécurisation des infrastructures critiques : recherche d'une méthodologie d'identification des vulnérabilités et modélisation des interdépendances." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407661.
Allard, Stéphane. "Enjeux de flexibilité liés au développement des infrastructures réseaux pour l'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables dans le système électrique à l’horizon 2100." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT101/document.
The power system is facing a major shift with the large-scale development of variable renewable energy sources (VRES). This vertical and centralized architecture helped the system to be robust and reliable. However, VRES production is intermittent and less predictable. As a result, the system needs to add more flexibility with new options such as Demand Side Management, storage technologies and VREs curtailment. But renewable energies potentials are unevenly distributed in Europe and, with high shares of VREs, power flows exchanges will increase between specific regions. As a result, the existing transmission grid would face congestions and these flexibility options might not be sufficient to alleviate these bottlenecks. To analyse these impacts, the work carried in this thesis uses the long-term energy model POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) coupled with the new European power sector module EUTGRID (EUropean – Transmission Grid Investment and Dispatch). It includes a detailed transmission grid and more realistic power flows with a DC-OPF. A grid investment mechanism is also incorporated to determine the grid investments based on nodal prices. This new coupling permits to get a dynamic evolution of the transmission grid. The role of the transmission grid is being assessed and compared with other flexibility options. The grid investments increase largely with important development of VRES while other flexibility options cannot completely replace them. Finally, an exploratory work is being carried with the introduction of generic distribution grids (urban, semi-urban and urban) in EUTGRID. The results show that the reinforcements are slightly delayed with a greater use of back-up technologies which increases the total emissions
Solignac, Manon. "Véhicule électrique et forme urbaine : une évaluation prospective." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1010/document.
This thesis brings precisions on the measure of the emissions reduction potential in cities and the cost of electric vehicle by taking into account users driving patterns. Studies on electric vehicles or other solutions belonging to the "technological lever" compute emissions reduction potential and cost without discerning the local specificities of the areas where it would be used and the use that would be done of these vehicles. These studies don't take into account the other policies implemented in the area, including the ones that operate on a different lever such as the "mobility structure lever" : volume of activity and modal shares. Policies for reducing CO$_2$ emissions are often discussed independently and ignore the possible retroactions. To improve the evaluation of the potential of the electric vehicle, it seems essential to take into account the environment in which it would be developed. We use a urban economics model to first look at the spatial features of the city, and so at the use of this vehicle. Then we compute the impacts of the simultaneous introduction of the electric vehicle and a solution belonging to the "mobility structure lever" : the greenbelt. These two last points allow us to highlight the interdependency of the two action levers : technology and mobility structure. Then we take into account the use of the car by the households and the uncertainty around electric vehicle introduction, to improve the evaluation of the cost of this solution
Baina, Amine. "Controle d'accès pour les grandes infrastructures critiques. Application au réseau d'énergie électrique." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432841.
Baïna, Amine. "Contrôle d'Accès pour les Grandes Infrastructures Critiques : application au réseau d'énergie électrique." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000296/.
Because of its physical and logical vulnerabilities, critical infrastructure (CI) may suffer failures, and because of the interdependencies between CIs, simple failures can have dramatic consequences on the entire infrastructure. In our work, we mainly focus on information systems and communications (CII: Critical Information Infrastructure) dedicated to the electrical power grid. We proposed a new approach to address security problems faced by an IIC, particularly those related to access control and collaboration. The goal of this study is to provide each organization belonging to the IIC the opportunity to collaborate with others while maintaining control over its data and its internal security policy. We modeled and developed PolyOrBAC, a platform for collaborative access control, based on the access control model OrBAC and on the Web Services technology, this platform is applicable in the context of a critical infrastructure in general, and more particularly to an electrical power grid
Cozza, Andrea. "Railways EMC : Assessment of Infrastructure Impact." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533672.
Bouallaga, Anouar. "Gestion énergétique d’une infrastructure de charge intelligente de véhicules électriques dans un réseau de distribution intégrant des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10043/document.
Energy and environmental crisis have prompted the government to take strong measures to stimulate energy transition and accelerate green growth. In this context, electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as a real solution to deal with the current problems. Their integration into the electrical system promotes distribution system operators to develop smart solutions in this field. Concerning the Smart Grids concept, the present work aims to provide answers to a wide range of questions for demand side management program using plug-in EVs charging strategies. The first section of this PhD project, presents a methodology to assess technical and economic impacts of EVs charging on Medium and Low voltage distribution networks. Afterwards, analyses about the competitive EVs load management ancillary services are conducted in the third chapter. By comparing potential and opportunities of each ones, three ancillary services for electricity market contribution were selected. In this context, a methodology for designing energy management strategies is proposed. The latter is applied to the selected ancillary services to assess the financial contribution of the developed strategies. Environmental aspects and Wind-to-Vehicle concept are also evaluated. Furthermore, thanks to a co-simulation interface, the interactions between supervision strategies and real distribution networks are analyzed. The last section presents a Hardware-in-the-loop demonstrator using a real time simulator, smart meters and EVs charging stations. Through experiments, communication constraints and Smart Grids principles are evaluated and validated
Saad, Soha. "Méthodologie de réorganisation du trafic ferroviaire par analyse de sensibilité régionale : application à un incident sur infrastructure électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI057/document.
The power supply quality of a railway network can be strongly affected by the unavailability of electrical equipment, whether due to a technical incident or a maintenance operation. It is then necessary to reduce the expected traffic by adjusting the time schedules and speed profiles, while maintaining optimal operating performance. The purpose of the work presented in this thesis is to develop a decision support tool to assist the agents in charge of the reorganization of traffic during an incident on electrical infrastructure. The studied system is complex and its analysis is based on costly simulations. We therefore proposed a two-phase approach. As a first step, a sensitivity analysis can effectively detect the most influential traffic adjustment variables. After a comparative analysis between different techniques, we selected the regional sensitivity analysis by Monte Carlo filtering and KS test, because it allows us to take into account the operational constraints, like the tension levels in line. The second phase consists in optimizing the solution by working in a small research area. A set of Pareto-Optimal solutions are generated to evaluate the best trade-off between the main criterion "traffic density" and other criteria such as losses or overheating. The techniques implemented led to the production of a prototype. The tool allows the engineer to define traffic adjustment variables and traffic performance criteria. Then it analyzes the influence of the various adjustment variables and optimizes the traffic according to the defined criteria. The tool was tested on four case studies proposed by SNCF Réseau and corresponding to network segments and actual rail traffic
Houbbadi, Adnane. "Optimisation multicritère de la gestion de la recharge d'une flotte de bus électriques." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1014.
Electro-mobility is increasing significantly in the urban public transport and continues to face important challenges. Electric bus fleets require high performance and extended longevity of lithium-ion battery in highly variable temperature and operating conditions. On the other hand, bus operators are more and more concerned in reducing operation and maintenance cost, which is sensitive to battery aging cost and represents a significant economic parameter for the deployment of electric bus fleets. This thesis presents a methodological approach for optimizing the overnight charging of an electric bus fleet to the depot. This approach is based on both charging scheduling and power modulation in order to minimize a given criterion or several criteria at the same time (e.g. the charging cost, the effective power, battery aging ...). This approach uses an exact optimization methods or Metaheuristics methods according to the type of optimization (mono-objective or multi- objective) and according to the criterion while taking into account the constraints related to bus operating conditions, charging infrastructure and the power grid. This approach has been developed to take into account several battery’s technologies as well as different types of recharging. An electro-thermal and aging model of lithium-ion batteries was developed based on existing models, literature as well as experimental tests. This allowed us to take into account the dynamics of the battery and predict the evolution of its performance when it is subject to variable conditions of use. To illustrate this methodology, a case study was presented in the last chapter and allows a smart managing of large-scale fleet of electric buses that try to maximize in particular the battery lifetime
Vuillecard, Cyril. "Méthode de construction d’une offre d’effacement électrique basée sur les technologies gaz naturel : Application - micro-cogénération et chaudière hybride." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0008/document.
This PhD thesis addresses two issues: Firstly, the assessment of Demand Side Management (DSM) opportunity of gas and electricity technologies in dwellings, and secondly, the integration of their valuations in infrastructure planning schemes.This work originaites from a context of the growth of electricity peaks (which increased risk of system failure) and the natural gas consumption decrease which leads to an under-utilization of the gas distribution network.This manuscript focuses on the integration of gas technologies as DSM solution to contribute to the planning of electricity grid. Indeed, relieving the electricity consumption during constrained periods by diffusing micro-cogeneration or hybrid boiler, is an actual alternative to network reinforcement solutions. To quantify the load shedding capacity, we are interested in the marginal impact of demand systems on the amount of Energy Not Supplied potential. Estimating systems' impacts on heating demand is a prerequisite to this approach. So we model the regional heating load curves by a Bottom-Up approach to simulate marginal demand profiles depending on heating systems. The implementation of this method requires socio-technico-economic studies to reduce uncertainty of the determinants of heating needs. A load calibration methodology has been proposed but has not been performed. However, we make a contribution to the analysis of aggregated load curves emphasizing that the load model currently used by network operator similar to a simplified building model
Mehar, Sara. "The vehicle as a source and consumer of information : collection, dissemination and data processing for sustainable mobility." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS069/document.
Today, vehicles have become more sophisticated, intelligent and connected. Indeed, they are equipped with sensors, radars, GPS, communication interfaces and high processing and storage capacities. They can collect, process and communicate information related to their working conditions and their environment forming a vehicular network. The incorporation of communication technologies on vehicles garnered a huge attention of industry, government authorities and standardizations organizations and opened the way for innovative applications that revolutionized the automotive market with the main goals to ensure safety on roads, increase transport efficiency and provide comfort to drivers and passengers. In addition, transportation is still an actively evolving sector. More sustainable means of transportation such as electric vehicles are introduced progressively to the automotive market with new challenges related to energy consumption and environment preservation that remain to be solved. Many research investigations and industrial projects are done to exploit the advantages of information and communication technologies (ICT) to fit with transportation challenges. However, having connected and cooperative vehicles creates a highly dynamic network characterized by frequent link breaks and message losses. To cope with these communication limitations, this thesis focuses on two major axis: (i) connected vehicle or connected mobility and (ii) sustainable mobility. In the first part of this thesis, data dissemination, collection and routing in vehicular networks are addressed. Thus, a new dissemination protocol is proposed to deal with frequent network fragmentation and intermittent connectivity in these networks. Then, a new deployment strategy of new communication infrastructure is developed in order to increase network connectivity and enhance the utilization of the network resources. Finally, a new routing protocol, for delay-sensitive applications, that uses the optimized infrastructure deployment is proposed. The second part focuses on sustainable mobility with a focus on electric vehicles and with the main objective is to reduce pollution issues and make better use of energy. A new architecture for electric vehicles fleet management is proposed. This latter uses the implemented protocols of the first part of this thesis in order to collect, process and disseminate data. It helps to overcome the limitations related to short autonomy of electric vehicles. Then, to meet energy balance challenges, a new deployment scheme for electric vehicles charging stations is developed. This solution helps to satisfy drivers’ demands in term of energy while taking into account available resources
Sanchez, Torrès José Libardo. "Vulnérabilité, Interdépendance et Analyse des Risques des Postes Sources et des Modes d'Exploitation décentralises des Réseaux Electriques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024471.
Dubé, Caroline. "Impacts des emprises de lignes électriques sur la végétation des tourbières." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3863.
Linear infrastructures are known to facilitate the spread of undesirable plants within their right-of-way (ROW) as well as in adjacent habitats. However, the impacts of power-lines ROWs have been weakly studied, particularly in wetlands. This study examined the vegetation of 23 ombrotrophic (bogs) and 11 minerotrophic (fens) peatlands intersected by a power-line ROW. The results showed that the spread of undesirable species along the feature is possible in fens and that some of those species could disperse into the adjacent habitat to more than 43 m from the ROW. Inversely, those features seemed to be inefficient dispersal vectors in bogs, because undesirable species were restricted to the bog margin in the ROW, and almost none dispersed in the adjacent habitats. Finally, intrinsic characteristics of peatlands, such as their degree of minerotrophy (bog or fen) and their vegetation type (open, semiforested or wooded peatland) seem to be important factors influencing invasion.
Tranchita, Carolina. "ÉVALUATION DU RISQUE POUR LA SÉCURITÉ DES RÉSEAUX ÉLECTRIQUE FACE AUX ÉVÉNEMENTS INTENTIONNELS." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348114.
Patino, Sanchez Camila. "El gran apagón : techno-politiques, crises et infrastructures dans le secteur de l’énergie électrique en Colombie (1940-2000)." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23761.
In Colombia, the predominance of hydropower over other sources of energy have generally been explained by the notion of water abundance in the territory and therefore because of the rentability of its production. Nevertheless, this research aims to question these given ideas. I argue that it is necessary to explore the political and relational nature of this resource to understand its importance in the national electric sector. To do so, I explore the causes and effects of the 1992 energetic crisis, well-know as El gran apagón (The Great Blackout). I put into evidence how this crisis happened to be instrumentalized to negotiate the techno-politics and infrastructures that shape the electric sector system. More precisely, in the processes of implementation of neoliberal politics and in the legitimization of the construction of new dams. In this case, Porce II dam situated in the department of Antioquia. The main goal of this study is to reveal how crisis and scarcity discourses (as much as abundance discourses) of hydroelectricity allowed its proliferation, and thus, massive transformations of several territories in the country. Discussing at the same time how these discourses aren’t neutral nor static through space and time. From political ecology and Science and technology studies perspectives, I pay attention on the effects of expert discourses and representations of hydropower and water to see how they have shaped the electric sector in the period between 1940 and 2000. The crisis of El grand Apagón proves to be interesting as it allows to put into light how these representations, but also practices and the governance are contested and negotiated in this context. In the historical trajectory of hydropower in Colombia, this research seeks to explore how infrastructures are not only legitimated by contradictory promises of development and progress, but also by crisis discourses.