Journal articles on the topic 'Infrastructural ecology'
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1
Truelove, Yaffa. "Gendered infrastructure and liminal space in Delhi’s unauthorized colonies." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 39, no. 6 (November 26, 2021): 1009–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02637758211055483.
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This paper takes an embodied approach to the lived experiences and everyday politics of liminal neighborhoods and infrastructures in Delhi’s unauthorized colonies, which lack official entitlements to networked infrastructures such as water and sewerage. Bringing a feminist political ecology lens to critical infrastructure studies, I show how gendered social relations, subjectivities, and the unequal experience of urban liminality are tied to accessing water and its fragmented infrastructures beyond the network. In particular, liminal infrastructural space is produced in unauthorized colonies through not only these neighborhoods’ quasi-legal status and unequal access to urban water, but also through gendered discourses and the socially differentiated ways water infrastructures are co-produced, managed, and made livable by residents. As water is primarily accessed beyond the network via tubewells and tankers, I demonstrate how these fractured modalities ultimately constitute gendered infrastructural assemblages that enable water’s circulation across neighborhoods but also serve to deepen forms of gendered marginality and differentiation. Here, gendered infrastructural practices and labor to negotiate and supplement fragmented components of water infrastructure shape subjectivities and possibilities for social relations and urban claims-making. These infrastructural assemblages expose both the situated experience of urban liminality, as well as its transcendent possibilities.
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Brown, Hillary. "Infrastructural Ecology: Embedding Resilience in Public Works." Public Works Management & Policy 24, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x18784602.
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The destabilization of earth’s climate—manifest today in rising sea levels, more frequent droughts, deluges, and rising temperatures—demands expansive thinking in our infrastructural investments. Such volatility imperils coastal and riverine populations, degrades agriculture, and fosters water insecurity. We require innovative, multidimensional solutions to these public works challenges. Infrastructural ecology is a planning paradigm that emulates the closed-loop, sharing logic of natural ecosystems. It suggests that features of our power, water, sanitation, transport, and food systems may be strategically combined, collocated, or otherwise linked for mutual benefit. Such interconnected systems then can cascade (pass along) waste energy or water and nutrients for another’s reuse, arrangements that can reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, while lowering demand for new resource inputs. Innovative examples from both industrialized as well as developing nations illustrate the efficacy of these strategies. The exemplary projects described here include smart coastal solutions, water-wise innovations, and coping strategies for warming cities.
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Weber, Ryan. "Making infrastructure into nature." Communication Design Quarterly 10, no. 3 (September 2022): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3507870.3507875.
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This article contributes to a growing research area in writing studies that examines how documents perform infrastructure functions. The article uses document analysis and interviews to examine the ecology of documents necessary to establish oyster aquaculture in the state of Alabama. The results show that performative infrastructural documents exist in a larger ecology of documents and that they can embed themselves in natural environments and living creatures. This analysis extends the analytical framework of infrastructure-based writing studies by connecting writing and infrastructure with the natural world.
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Faia, Hillary Brown. "Infrastructural ecology as a planning paradigm: Two case studies." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 13, no. 02 (February 1, 2018): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp-v13-n2-187-196.
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Dunlap, Alexander. "Bureaucratic land grabbing for infrastructural colonization: renewable energy, L’Amassada, and resistance in southern France." Human Geography 13, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942778620918041.
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Governments and corporations exclaim that “energy transition” to “renewable energy” is going to mitigate ecological catastrophe. French President Emmanuel Macron makes such declarations, but what is the reality of energy infrastructure development? Examining the development of a distributional energy transformer substation in the village of Saint-Victor-et-Melvieu, this article argues that “green” infrastructures are creating conflict and ecological degradation and are the material expression of climate catastrophe. Since 1999, the Aveyron region of southern France has become a desirable area of the so-called renewable energy development, triggering a proliferation of energy infrastructure, including a new transformer substation in St. Victor. Corresponding with this spread of “green” infrastructure has been a 10-year resistance campaign against the transformer. In December 2014, the campaign extended to building a protest site, and ZAD, in the place of the transformer called L’Amassada. Drawing on critical agrarian studies, political ecology, and human geography literatures, the article discusses the arrival process of the transformer, corrupt political behavior, misinformation, and the process of bureaucratic land grabbing. This also documents repression against L’Amassada and their relationship with the Gilets Jaunes “societies in movement.” Finally, the notion of infrastructural colonization is elaborated, demonstrating its relevance to understanding the onslaught of climate and ecological crisis.
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Vladimirov, Vladimir, Evgenii Petrovich Krupochkin, and Dmitrii Evgen'evich Sarafanov. "A Subject-Oriented Historical GIS (the Example of Barnaul Infrastructure in the Late 18th – Early 20th Centuries)." Историческая информатика, no. 1 (January 2020): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2020.1.32091.
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The article studies the infrastructure of Barnaul city in the second half of the 18th - early 20th centuries. The study aims at acquiring new systematic knowledge about the way the infrastructure of West Siberian cities developed, the influence of infrastructural objects on city ecology, the correlation of demographical and ecological factors influencing the city development and urban population reproduction. The study rests on an extensive source database including written, cartographic and photo documents stored mainly in the state archives of Altai Krai and Tomskaya Oblast as well as a number of published sources. The methodological basis of the work is the systemic and interdisciplinary approaches, the general scientific as well as traditional historical research methods. Geoinformation analysis based on the subject-oriented historical geoinformation system created is used as the main way to obtain new information. The article analyzes spatial aspects of the city infrastructure and ecological factors of its development and demonstrates changes in the disposition of infrastructural objects in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The article concludes that the negative impact of ecologically unfriendly city objects was exerted mainly through aggravating sanitary environment and ecosystems.
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Radonic, Lucero, and Sarah Kelly-Richards. "Pipes and praxis: a methodological contribution to the urban political ecology of water." Journal of Political Ecology 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21115.
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This article contributes to the urban political ecology of water through applied anthropological research methods and praxis. Drawing on two case studies in urban Sonora, Mexico, we contribute to critical studies of infrastructure by focusing on large infrastructural systems and decentralized alternatives to water and sanitation provisioning. We reflect on engaging with residents living on the marginal hillsides of two rapidly urbanizing desert cities using ethnographic methods. In the capital city of Hermosillo, Radonic emphasizes how collaborative reflection with barrio residents led her to reframe her analytical approach to water governance by recognizing informal water infrastructure as a statement of human resilience in the face of social inequality, resource scarcity, and material disrepair. In the border city of Nogales, Kelly-Richards reflects on the outcomes of conducting community-based participatory research with technical students and residents of an informally settled colonia around the construction of a composting toilet, while also investigating municipal government service provision efforts. Our article invites readers to view these infrastructure alternatives as ways to explore how applied anthropology can advance the emancipatory potential of urban political ecology through a collaborative investigation of uneven urbanization and basic service provisioning. We emphasize everyday situated relationships with infrastructure in informally organized neighborhoods. Using praxis to collectively investigate the complex and entangled relations between large piped water and sanitation projects and locally developed alternatives in under serviced areas, the two case studies reveal lessons learned and illuminate grounded research openings for social justice and environmental sustainability.Key words: Applied anthropology, infrastructure, political ecology, praxis, water governance, social justice
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Simonsen Abildgaard, Mette, Carina Ren, Israel Leyva-Mayorga, Cedomir Stefanovic, Beatriz Soret, and Petar Popovski. "Arctic Connectivity: A Frugal Approach to Infrastructural Development." ARCTIC 75, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic74869.
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As the Arctic is heating up, so are efforts to strengthen connectivity within the region, enhance the connections from remote settlements to the global networks of trade, and increase sociality. With global interest in the Arctic on the rise, it becomes increasingly relevant to ensure that investments in Arctic infrastructure actually serve the people of the Arctic, while promoting industrial and commercial innovation in the region through widespread access to broadband and Internet of things (IoT) services. This challenge calls for interdisciplinary research strategies that are able to connect and integrate technological and societal approaches, which are commonly applied in isolation from one another. In this article, we propose an interdisciplinary collaborative research agenda for Arctic connectivity. Drawing on examples from Greenland, we stress the need for localized knowledge to design valuable and cost-effective connectivity solutions that cover the needs for everyday life and may also provide a new set of collaborative connectivity tools for innovation at an international level. Such solutions, termed “frugal connectivity,” are vital for the development of connected Arctic communities.
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L, Ponyaev. "Optimal Design of Green Tech Hybrid Electric Integrated Aircraft and Solar Disk Airships for Short Arctic Air Transport Corridors." Environmental Sciences and Ecology: Current Research (ESECR 2, no. 6 (November 16, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/esecr/1036.
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The Ecology Decarburization issues decision may focus priority to the complex Design Analysis of the more Optimal Structure of the Large E-Aircraft and E-Airship for decrease of the Weight and Engine Power with Hybrid Electric Propulsion (HEP) systems are very actually today for Worldwide Ecology Program. The Method of Aircraft layout from the virtual mass center is given, which allows us to obtain the Aircraft layout from the conditions of Infrastructural Constraints in the terminal configurations of the Modern Air Transportation Infrastructure and IATA/ICAO Regulation. Calculate Method is proposed for the synthesis of new circuit solutions for an Aircraft passenger compartment and may be use to any Solar E-Dirigibles Projections future. A Geometrical representation of the concept of LHA with large passenger capacity made with a Drop-Shaped Fuselage in the Aerodynamic balancing Flying Wing Body Scheme is given. The new Body Plane E-Aircraft and Lighter-then-Air (LTA) Vehicles with cover of Solar Film Component Systems will be more innovation projections for High Safety Green Tech Air Transportation.
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Specht, Pamela Hammers. "Munificence and Carrying Capacity of the Environment and Organization Formation." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 17, no. 2 (January 1993): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879301700207.
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Two streams of research and theory development, resource dependence and population ecology, are combined to develop a model of the relationship between organization formation and environmental munificence and carrying capacity. An Interactive and curvilinear relationship is predicted. Munificence is reflected in social, economic, political, market, and Infrastructural resources. Carrying capacity involves density and prior births and deaths In an organization's population. Propositions and research recommendations are presented.
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Nolan, Callum, Michael K. Goodman, and Filippo Menga. "In the shadows of power: the infrastructural violence of thermal power generation in Ghana's coastal commodity frontier." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (August 26, 2020): 775–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23571.
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This research adopts Jason Moore's concept of the commodity frontier, which portrays the socio-ecological impacts of capitalist expansion, to analyze the spread of Independent Power Provision in Sub-Saharan Africa. This form of power provision has thus far been under-theorized, especially its impacts on local communities, which must be addressed considering its contemporary popularity in the region. The article uses the concept of 'infrastructural violence' as an analytical lens, drawing upon its language and theories that describe the ways in which physical infrastructures often deemed benign can inflict violence on specific regions and social groups. Using a case study of the Takoradi Thermal Power Station in the Western Region of Ghana, the ethnographic research depicts the subtle yet highly deleterious forms of violence that occur within Aboadze, the small-scale fishing community the power station is embedded in, reducing access to vital resources including food, water and land, as well as the various exclusions that impact the livelihoods of a community already suffering from marginalization and poverty.Keywords: Commodity frontiers, infrastructural violence, power station, Sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana
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Bao, Weihong. "Hermeneutics of Doubt." Representations 157, no. 1 (2022): 142–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2022.157.7.142.
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This essay dwells on atmosphere as a mediating, climatic environment to consider climate as the nexus of mind, medium, and society. An inquiry into atmosphere, I argue, opens up climate from an objective entity into a constellation of aesthetic, infrastructural, and epistemological operations. I situate this richer notion of climate in China during the Second World War and its immediate aftermath by focusing on “doubt” as a unique atmosphere caught in the transnational traffic in media practices, psychological war, and genre film. Through an intimate conversation between aesthetics and technology, hermeneutics and media ecology, this essay conducts an experimental climatology to consider climate not simply as a physical milieu but as a method. Such a climatology—bringing together infrastructural analysis, aesthetic design, and sociopolitical projects—will allow us to engage “global climate change” and “affective climate change” as interconnected and integrated projects of sustainability.
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Arboleda, Martín. "In the Nature of the Non-City: Expanded Infrastructural Networks and the Political Ecology of Planetary Urbanisation." Antipode 48, no. 2 (August 6, 2015): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anti.12175.
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Kuprikov, Mikhail, Leonid Ponyaev, and Nikita Kuprikov. "DECREASE OF SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL AND NOISE INSIDE HYBRID ELECTRIC WING BODY PLANES AND DIRIDGABLES." Akustika 34 (November 1, 2019): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika201934170.
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The analysis of the find Optimal Structure of the Large Aircraft and Airship for decrease of Sound/Noise Pressure Level inside and outside the Cabin Saloon are very actually today for Worldwide Ecology Program. The Method of Aircraft layout from the virtual mass center is given, which allows us to obtain the Aircraft layout from the conditions of Infrastructural Constraints in the terminal configurations of the Modern Air Transportation Infrastructure and IATA/ICAO Regulation. A Method is proposed for the synthesis of new circuit solutions for an Aircraft passenger compartment and may be use to any Diridgables Projections future. A Geometrical representation of the concept of LHA with large passenger capacity made with a Drop-Shaped Fuselage in the Aerodynamic balancing Flying Wing Body Scheme is given.The new Body Plane LHA and Lighter-then-Air (LTA) Vehicles with cover of Solar Electro Systems will be more innovation projections for Worldwide Security Air Transportation with reduce Noise and CO Pollution Level.
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Sophus Lai, Signe, and Sofie Flensburg. "A proxy for privacy uncovering the surveillance ecology of mobile apps." Big Data & Society 7, no. 2 (July 2020): 205395172094254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951720942543.
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The article develops a methodological and empirical approach for gauging the ways Big Data can be collected and distributed through mobile apps. This approach focuses on the infrastructural components that condition the disclosure of smartphone users’ data – namely the permissions that apps request and the third-party corporations they work with. We explore the surveillance ecology of mobile apps and thereby the privacy implications of everyday smartphone use through three analytical perspectives: The first focuses on the ‘appscapes’ of individual smartphone users and investigates the consequences of which and how many mobile apps users download on their phones; the second compares different types of apps in order to study the app ecology and the relationships between app and third-party service providers; and the third focuses on a particular app category and discusses the functional as well as the commercial incentives for permissions and third-party collaborations. Thereby, the article advances an interdisciplinary dialogue between critical data studies, political economy and app studies, and pushes an empirical and critical perspective on mobile communication, app ecologies and data economies.
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Singh, Gulab T., and Harishchandra Sharma. "STATUS OF SELECTED PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN THANE DISTRICT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES 9, no. 66 (March 25, 2021): 15607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v9i66.6856.
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The present paper attempts to provide an in-depth insight about the availability and disparity prevailing in health facilities such as availability of beds and doctors per 25000 of the population in different talukas of Thane district of Maharashtra during 2008-09 to 2018-19. The research reveals the presence of huge disparity concerning said infrastructural facilities in the district during the given period. The research analysis indicates that Ulhasnagar taluka in the district had the highest availability of hospital beds per 25000 of the population in government hospitals while Kalyan taluka witnessed the lowest availability. Talking about the doctors' availability in the district, Ulhasnagar and Murbad taluka noted the highest availability while Ambernath witnessed taluka’s lowest availability during the study period. The present study is based on secondary data, collected through various published sources. The data has been analysed using simple statistical tools such as tables and graphs. The average has been calculated to rank the position of the taluka in the availability of selected health infrastructural facilities in the district.
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Gorda, Aprillia, Eva Dolorosa, and NFN Radian. "Multidemensional Scaling Benih Lada Bersertifikat di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat." Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 32, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v32n2.2021.62-74.
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<p><em><em>West Kalimantan Province is one of Indonesia's seven largest pepper-producing provinces and was solicited to be a pioneer and advocate of the national pepper development program. This study aimed to analyze the sustainability status of certified pepper seedlings in West Kalimantan. The sustainability of the seeds system was analyzed using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method in four districts with seed orchard and pepper seedlings producers: Bengkayang District, Sambas District, Sanggau District, and Sintang District. The research stages were an analysis of the sustainability status based on the dimensions of ecology, economy, socio-culture, technology, and infrastructure, as well as legal and institutional, followed by an MDS analysis of 50 attributes related to the sustainability index scale based on values ranging from 0–100. The ecological, socio-cultural, technological, and infrastructural dimensions were quite sustainable in the certified pepper seedlings supply system, while the economic, legal, and institutional dimensions were less sustainable. 34 out of 50 attributes were influential and sensitive to the sustainability status of certified pepper seedlings. The dominant attributes were drought/dry season (ecology), low awareness of farmers in using certified seeds (social-culture) related to low demand </em><em>for certified pepper seedlings (economy), production planning and seed distribution (technology and infrastructure), and the necessity to cooperate with a research institution and seed orchard (legal and institutional). Therefore, special efforts were required from the local government to increase the pepper seedlings' availability and provide information on good pepper cultivation management to farmers and pepper seedlings managers.</em></em></p>
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Johnson, Catherine. "The appisation of television: TV apps, discoverability and the software, device and platform ecologies of the internet era." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 15, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749602020911823.
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This article examines the appisation of television: the emergence of apps as a mainstream means of delivering television services/content through smart TVs, connected devices, smartphones and tablets. Exploring the interrelationships between TV content, discovery and aggregator apps, the article demonstrates how content/software providers, device manufacturers and infrastructural platforms vie to control our access to, and experience of, television in a market underpinned by datafication, commodification and selection. This control is enacted within a multidimensional software, device and platform ecology where discoverability is central because it determines which content, services and apps are most prominent, accessible and easy to find.
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Puccio, Davide, Antonio Comparetti, Carlo Greco, and Salvatore Raimondi. "Proposal of a Nomenclature for Hydrogeological Instability Risks and Case Studies of Conservative Soil Tillage for Environmental Protection." Land 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010108.
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In order to implement environmental protection, within the Soil Cadastre, previously proposed as a multipurpose inventory that aims to promote sustainable soil uses, the hydrogeological instability caused by human activities is the focus of this work. These activities can be aimed at sustainable agricultural soil use or the building of roads to allow the access to the fields. The soil’s hydrogeological instability causes the unsustainable use and management of a cadastral parcel. Therefore, the aim of this work is to propose a nomenclature for hydrogeological instability risks, as well as the best practices of conservative soil tillage in case studies, in order to reduce environmental impact. According to the proposed Soil Cadastre, the missing environmental sustainability of a parcel and the reason for this must be communicated to the field owner or manager. In a hilly area of inland Western Sicily, four main risk types of hydrogeological instability were identified: hydrogeological instability (caused only by natural factors); hydraulic-pedological farming instability (crop not suitable for the field for missing or insufficient soil drainage and landslides); hydraulic-infrastructural instability (built up infrastructures unsuitable for the site); hydraulic-infrastructural-pedological-management instability (field improvements changing the downflow line and crop operations not suitable for the soil and climate parameters). The farm owner or manager must be informed about the risk type affecting their fields in order to perform the best practices (i.e., conservative soil tillage), for implementing or restoring a sustainable soil use or management in each cadastral parcel.
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Andersen, Astrid Oberborbeck. "Infrastructures of progress and dispossession." Focaal 2016, no. 74 (March 1, 2016): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2016.740103.
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This article examines what economic growth and state versions of progress have done to small and medium-scale farmers in an urban setting, in Arequipa in southern Peru. The general reorganization of production, resources, and labor in the Peruvian economy has generated a discursive move to reposition small and medium-scale farmers as backward. This article analyzes how farmers struggle to find their place within a neoliberal urban ecology where different conceptions of what constitutes progress in contemporary Peru influence the landscape. Using an analytical lens that takes material and organizational infrastructures and practices into account, and situates these in specific historical processes, the article argues that farmers within the urban landscape of Arequipa struggle to reclaim land and water, and reassert a status that they experience to be losing. Such a historical focus on material and organizational infrastructural arrangements, it is argued, can open up for understanding how local and beyond-local processes tangle in complex ways and are productive of new subjectivities; how relations are reconfigured in neoliberal landscapes of progress and dispossession. Such an approach makes evident how state and nonstate actors invest affects, interests, and desires differently within a given landscape.
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Lambrou, Nicole. "Resilience Design in Practice: Future Climate Visions from California’s Bay Area." Land 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101795.
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This study discusses the implications of resilience design for questions of economic and social resilience, and for equity. Resilience design proposals for California’s Bay Area, resulting from the Resilience by Design project and published in 2017, were evaluated through content analysis and interviews with design teams and plan authors. Findings from the study indicate that these proposals offer visions and strategies for large-scale infrastructural projects that rely on a land-as-ecosystem framing to adapt to extreme weather events, but that they also attempt to direct the impact of these ecological processes on surrounding social systems such as planning processes and landscape regenerations for adaptation purposes. However, findings also indicate that the design process does little to address equity beyond proposing access to those new landscapes and green infrastructure spaces, and to a much lesser degree homeownership and labor models for wealth accumulation. Ecology is consistently deployed in the data analyzed to normalize and propose socio-environmental relationships, implicating questions of equity that are often not addressed. These findings matter for urban design projects and processes that are increasingly pursued by municipalities and public agencies in an effort to secure funding and implement strategies for a climate just future.
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Kosamu, Ishmael Bobby Mphangwe. "Environmental impact assessment application in infrastructural projects in Malawi." Sustainability Science 6, no. 1 (December 7, 2010): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-010-0122-0.
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Daher, Rashed. "Beyond Scarcity: An Assessment of Water Management in Egypt from A Political Ecology Perspective." Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 16, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2022.16.1.2.
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Water management constitutes a challenge for contemporary Egypt, as the country faces a water shortage that, in certain areas, might endanger the basic needs of people in the dry season. This article seeks to understand the origin of water problems, and argues that beyond existing scarcity due to environmental challenges, current sociopolitical conditions play a significant role. Egypt is socially, economically, and environmentally in a difficult position to be sustainable. The paper utilizes the political ecology approach to shed light on the nexus between the fields mentioned above and tries to create an integrated and comprehensive strategy to analyze the water problems and possible solutions for contemporary Egypt. SWOT analysis helps evaluate the existing conditions (strengths and weaknesses) and potentialities (opportunities and threats) for the Egyptian agriculture and water management sector. Three different angles are utilized during the analysis: the infrastructural background (the economic aspect), the institutional basis (the political aspect), and the international impacts (the environmental aspect) that affect water policy. Regarding the mounting challenges, a slow change of the system is expected, but negative changes in the natural environment could accelerate pressure on Egyptian society and government to adjust. However, the support of international partners to maintain a politically and socially stable Egypt contributes to maintaining archaic political-economic structures that are unsustainable.
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Schoulund, Dario Hernan, Carlos Alberto Amura, and Karina Landman. "Integrated Planning: Towards a Mutually Inclusive Approach to Infrastructure Planning and Design." Land 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121282.
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Increasingly independent fields of specialization, civil engineering, and urban design find themselves practicing in isolation on the same urban issues. The result surfaces on the relative qualities of public spaces: projects that are functionally successful but spatially poor, and vice versa This is critical in the global south, where infrastructure is prioritized, and politicized, as the key driver of change but often heedless of spatial consequences. The present study explores the dynamics of integration between logics arising from technical and spatial fields, and the planning processes under which such integration is feasible. An urban design/infrastructural project in Argentina, stalled for more than two decades under regulatory policies, was selected as a case study. An overview and background of the adopted planning/design methodologies are followed by a structural/spatial analysis, focusing on type, logistics, and construction on the one hand, and on indicators of successful public spaces on the other: access, uses, comfort and image. Aspects that a priori appeared as inevitable compromises found a common, but the critically logical ground in which urban and structural thinking complemented each other. More than a functional asset, infrastructure presents an opportunity to re-think the future of the built environment as a typology that could be conceived, designed and evaluated, on the same terms as successful public spaces.
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Job, Hubert, Constantin Meyer, Oriana Coronado, Simon Koblar, Peter Laner, Andrea Omizzolo, Guido Plassmann, Walter Riedler, Philipp Vesely, and Arthur Schindelegger. "Open Spaces in the European Alps—GIS-Based Analysis and Implications for Spatial Planning from a Transnational Perspective." Land 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091605.
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This article presents an open space concept of areas that are kept permanently free from buildings, technical infrastructure, and soil sealing. In the European Alps, space is scarce because of the topography; conflicts often arise between competing land uses such as permanent settlements and commercial activity. However, the presence of open spaces is important for carbon sequestration and the prevention of natural hazards, especially given climate change. A GIS-based analysis was conducted to identify an alpine-wide inventory of large-scale near-natural areas, or simply stated, open spaces. The method used identified the degree of infrastructure development for natural landscape units. Within the Alpine Convention perimeter, near-natural areas (with a degree of infrastructural development of up to 20%) account for a share of 51.5%. Only 14.5% of those areas are highly protected and are mostly located in high altitudes of over 1500 m or 2000 m above sea level. We advocate that the remaining Alpine open spaces must be preserved through the delimitation of more effective protection mechanisms, and green corridors should be safeguarded through spatial planning. To enhance the ecological connectivity of open spaces, there is the need for tailored spatial and sectoral planning strategies to prevent further landscape fragmentation and to coordinate new forms of land use for renewable energy production.
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Lunyakov, Oleg V. "<i>Information-infrastructural approach to the research of the asymmetric information problem in the credit market</i>." Banking Services, no. 7 (2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36992/2075-1915_2022_7_25.
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Rushforth, Richard R., Nicolas P. Zegre, and Benjamin L. Ruddell. "The Three Colorado Rivers: Hydrologic, Infrastructural, and Economic Flows of Water in a Shared River Basin." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 58, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12997.
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GIDRETA, Abdulaziz Dino, Mutlu BİNARK, Gökçe ÖZSU, and Ali ZAIN. "Trusts and Doubts in Africa Over Belt and Road Initiative: A Thematic Content Analysis of Opinions in Ethiopian Twittersphere." Etkileşim 5, no. 9 (April 2022): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2022.5.9.153.
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China`s Belt and Road Initiative is a massive infrastructural project that Ethiopia is encompassed. Yet, in Ethiopia, public opinion over the subject has never been homogenous as there are both apparent faiths that the initiative would positively contribute to Ethiopia’s economy, and suspicions that it is merely China`s veiled ambition to accelerate its expansion in global economy and politics, intensifying the concerns that China will not be any different from former colonial powers for African nations. Besides mainstream media coverage, much of the debate over this initiative has increasingly happened on social networking sites as attributable to their relative accessibility and autonomy. By employing a thematic content analysis of Twitter contents generated by opinion technicians during the 2019 Belt and Road Initiative Forum in Beijing, this article examines how opinion technicians over the Ethiopian Twittersphere discuss the initiative.
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Huang, An, Yueqing Xu, Yibin Zhang, Longhui Lu, Chao Liu, Piling Sun, and Qingguo Liu. "A Spatial Equilibrium Evaluation of Primary Education Services Based on Living Circle Models: A Case Study within the City of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China." Land 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111994.
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Primary education services are a key component of public infrastructure. These services exert significant impacts on public activity, sustainability, and healthy socio-economic development. This research applies the concept of a ‘living circle’ in order to evaluate the spatial equilibrium of education services in existing primary schools. This has enabled equilibrium planning schemes to be proposed for primary schools as well as the promotion and construction of livable and defensible living spaces. This area remains a key issue, however, one that urgently needs to be addressed in terms of the layout of public infrastructural services to facilitate livable living space construction. Thus, from the perspective of livable and defensible living space construction, the aim of this study was to construct a primary education equalization assessment method based on the walking living circle method. An equilibrium index was also designed based on the number of primary school students; this was then combined with the standard construction of new primary schools to optimize the spatial equilibrium of these education services. The city of Zhangjiakou City was then used as a case study; the spatial equilibrium of primary education services was evaluated across four living circle scenarios (i.e., 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, and 30 min). Results reveal that the city of Zhangjiakou currently offers dramatically spatially negative non-equilibrium primary education services (i.e., supply < demand) across four living circle scenarios, but most notably in rural areas away from urban areas and towns, especially in the counties of Shangyi, Chicheng, Chongli, Kangbao, and Guyuan. It is interesting to note that all living circle scenarios could enable positive non-equilibrium primary education services (i.e., supply > demand), mainly within the urban districts of Qiaodong, Xuanhua, Qiaoxi, Wanquan, and Xiahuayuan. It is also clear that equilibrium living circles are distributed across all counties. A spatial optimization proposal for primary school services should therefore be presented that alleviates the issues inherent to non-equilibrium primary education services. The results of this study offer a number of suggestions for education service optimization across the city of Zhangjiakou as well as for other cities in China. We also provide further scientific foundations for research on livable space and defensible unit construction as well as the spatial equilibrium evaluation of other public infrastructural service facilities
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Essien, Etido. "Impacts of Governance toward Sustainable Urbanization in a Midsized City: A Case Study of Uyo, Nigeria." Land 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010037.
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Urban studies in Nigeria mostly focus on large cities and metropolitan areas, with minimal attention given to sustainable urban development in midsized cities. In this study, we address this knowledge gap and examine the policies and practices driving urban growth in Uyo, a midsized city in Nigeria. Specifically, we evaluate to what extent the prevailing urban governance culture and practices move the city toward or away from being inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable—central tenets of UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. This study critically explores the strategic and operational approaches deployed by public stakeholders in pursuit of urban development, housing security, and economic and infrastructure development. We find the lack of continuity in commitment to urban infrastructural development projects and a flawed land tenure system that exacerbates housing insecurity are the two most critical challenges to address in attaining the goals of SDG11 in Uyo. The former calls for better fiscal management and adoption of good governance practices across the administrative hierarchy. The land tenure system can be made equitable and less cumbersome by overhauling the 1999 Land Use Act law of the country. Our findings can inform policies to make midsized cities facing similar challenges more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
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Cubitt, Sean. "Telecommunication Networks: Economy, Ecology, Rule." Theory, Culture & Society 31, no. 7-8 (February 2, 2014): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276413511490.
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This essay deals with technologies, techniques, business models and legal structures governing telecommunications infrastructures. Megacities are especially vulnerable to shifting agencies in telecoms provision. This paper addresses the relation of the economics of growth, built-in obsolescence and product life cycles with the complex determinations of telecommunications governance in relation to the physical environment of megacities. It argues that an ‘environmentalism of the poor’ must be integrated into considerations of both ecological critique and analyses of telecommunications infrastructure and business practice.
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Okabe, A., T. Yoshikawa, A. Fujii, and K. Oikawa. "The Statistical Analysis of a Distribution of Activity Points in Relation to Surface-Like Elements." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, no. 5 (May 1988): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200609.
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The objective of this paper is to formulate a statistical method of testing the hypothesis that the distribution of activity points (such as retail stores) is independent of location of ‘surface-like’ infrastructural elements (such as parks). In order to do this, first, the probability density function of a distance from a random point to the nearest surface-like element is derived. Second, through the use of this function, a measure, R, of spatial dependency on the surface-like elements is defined as the ratio of the average nearest-neighbor distance to the expected average nearest-neighbor distance. This measure is an extension of the ordinary nearest-neighbor distance measure frequently referred to in geography and ecology. Third, the statistical use of measure R is shown. Fourth, as this measure is difficult to compute geometrically, the computational method of calculating the value of R is developed. Last, by use of this method, a test is conducted to decide whether or not the distribution of high-class apartment buildings in Setagaya, Tokyo, is affected by the location of big parks.
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Сорокіна, В. Ю., О. Г. Гайдучок, О. Г. Ісакієва, and А. І. Алейнікова. "СУЧАСНІ МЕТОДИ ІНСПЕКЦІЇ МЕРЕЖ ВОДОВІДВЕДЕННЯ." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 108, no. 2 (2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29295/2311-7257-2022-108-2-73-78.
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Underground infrastructural objects such as sewage and water supply networks, which mainly consist of pipes or collectors, are exposed to solid corrosion of concrete and metal, significantly reducing their service life. Today, laser 3D scanning, which allows you to create a three-dimensional map of the pipe's inner surface, is considered one of the promising methods of monitoring sewer networks. Specialists use wheeled robots or aerial platforms with stereo cameras and lasers as devices for laser scanning. The main advantage is that 3D maps can easily detect and quantify structural defects on the pipe's inner surface. Creating a three-dimensional model and its subsequent analysis makes it possible to examine the drainage network in the shortest possible time to find cracks and sealing violations. This model helps to determine the nature of the flow of waste liquids; establish the presence of deposits; assess the degree of wear and corrosion of pipes; insulation condition; integrity and quality of the network after construction or repair. Laser scanning will prevent negative environmental impact, preserve ecology, and not harm the life and health of workers.
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van Bohemen, Hein. "Infrastructure, ecology and art." Landscape and Urban Planning 59, no. 4 (May 2002): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00010-5.
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Yawe, Bruno Lule. "Policy Incoherencies and Research Gaps in Uganda’s Primary Education Sub-Sector." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2012010103.
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The elimination of school fees at Uganda’s primary education level was accelerated by the 1996 first direct presidential elections. Since the inception of the universal primary education in 1996 and its actual operationalization in 1997, universal primary education is synonymous with primary education. Because school fees were eliminated before infrastructural improvements in the school system had been carried out, the access shock created by the elimination of fees resulted in a substantial initial decrease in resources available per pupil, and a large increase in the pupil-teacher ratio. The purpose of this study is to identify the policy incoherencies as well as research or knowledge gaps relating to Uganda’s primary education.
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Neuman, Michael. "Borders and the Design of the Civic." World 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world2020019.
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The word border may be the most constraining on human thought and action in history. Whether borders on territory, borders from ideologies, from politics, or anything else; they all condition action and thinking. I want to focus on the many borders that humans erect, walls that we construct, and how they block flows and processes that constitute life and well-being. If this were a conference on sustainability or ecology, I would go on about how human borders, especially administrative and infrastructural ones, block ecological flows and processes and thus harm biological life, including humans. Most ancient traditions of wellness and health, including Ayurvedic, Tantric, Chinese, Greek, and Persian, stressed the free flow of energy. Blockage of flows in the body were sources of illness and disease. Borders of all kinds are infused into virtually every thing that humans create, from organizations and institutions to customs and traditions. Yet the most constraining borders of all are the borders on our own thinking. After addressing several essential characteristics of borders, a number of policies and actions are suggested for dealing with political conflicts and humanitarian crises related to borders.
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Shcheglovitova, Mariya. "Valuing plants in devalued spaces: Caring for Baltimore's Street trees." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619854375.
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Baltimore City, MD is addressing its future with expansive sustainability initiatives. These include an aggressive tree planting campaign to double the city's tree canopy by 2037. While discourses of greening present tree plantings and related programs as a resolution for the legacies of racist housing market practices, these programs are themselves subject to the legacies of spatial inequalities in access to infrastructural care. Sustainability discourses present urban trees as inherently valuable economically and environmentally but these discourses are disconnected from trees' needs for ongoing care and maintenance. The daily material practices of caring for and maintaining trees are deprioritized in favor of planting more trees to gain these supposedly “inherent” benefits. In the spaces where trees were meant to bring economic and environmental vitality, their deaths reinforce the racist legacies they claim to correct. This paper examines these links and contradictions within the framework of relational urban political ecology. Through a lens of care, this paper shows how humans and non/humans actively co-construct urban space and how just spaces can come about through attention to the needs of humans and non/humans.
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Susman, Roni, Annelie Gütte, and Thomas Weith. "Drivers of Land Use Conflicts in Infrastructural Mega Projects in Coastal Areas: A Case Study of Patimban Seaport, Indonesia." Land 10, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060615.
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Coastal areas are particularly sensitive because they are complex, and related land use conflicts are more intense than those in noncoastal areas. In addition to representing a unique encounter of natural and socioeconomic factors, coastal areas have become paradigms of progressive urbanisation and economic development. Our study of the infrastructural mega project of Patimban Seaport in Indonesia explores the factors driving land use changes and the subsequent land use conflicts emerging from large-scale land transformation in the course of seaport development and mega project governance. We utilised interviews and questionnaires to investigate institutional aspects and conflict drivers. Specifically, we retrace and investigate the mechanisms guiding how mega project governance, land use planning, and actual land use interact. Therefore, we observe and analyse where land use conflicts emerge and the roles that a lack of stakeholder interest involvement and tenure-responsive planning take in this process. Our findings reflect how mismanagement and inadequate planning processes lead to market failure, land abandonment and dereliction and how they overburden local communities with the costs of mega projects. Enforcing a stronger coherence between land use planning, participation and land tenure within the land governance process in coastal land use development at all levels and raising the capacity of stakeholders to interfere with governance and planning processes will reduce conflicts and lead to sustainable coastal development in Indonesia.
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Pushpalal, Dinil, and Atsushi Suzuki. "A New Methodology for Measuring Tsunami Resilience Using Theory of Springs." Geosciences 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110469.
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Resilience is a deeply rooted word in theory of elasticity, which is firstly introduced to English by Thomas Young in 1807 in his treatise “A course of lectures on natural philosophy and the mechanical arts”. However, recently it is frequently used in ecology, economics, social sciences, and as everyone knows in the disaster literature. The purpose of this article is to investigate the mechanical background of word resilience, discuss lessons we could learn from the theory of elasticity for evaluating tsunami resilience, and finally, to propose a new mathematical model based on theory of springs. The mathematical model is in compliance with a pragmatic conceptual framework for evaluating resilience. The effective resilience of a given area can be calculated by aggregation of three components namely, onsite capacity, instantaneous survivability, and recovery potential of the area. The authors suggest that the magnitude of each component depends on socioeconomic, infrastructural and geographical factors of the area considered. Here, we show that aggregation of the individual components can be done in compliance with the theory of springs by analogizing effective tsunami resilience to effective spring constant. The mathematical model will be useful for evaluating the resilience of townships to hydrological disasters and also planning resilient townships, specifically to tsunami.
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Ulytsky, O., V. Yermakov, O. Buglak, and O. Lunova. "Risk of man-made and ecological disasters at the filter stations in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111839.
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The ecological situation in the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions in the context of the military conflict which began in early 2014 is unstable and requires a timely resolution. Military conflicts lead to a number of dangerous impacts on soils and landscapes, surface and underground waters, vegetation and fauna, and military actions significantly increase the risk of emergencies in industrial enterprises and infrastructural facilities. Conflicts occurring in industrially developed territories with a large number of environmentally hazardous enterprises and objects constitute a particular danger to the environment. This article considers critical infrastructural objects on the example of objects of water supply (filtering stations) of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Damage to or destruction of these objects threatens national security, the economy, and the health and safety of the population. Water supply facilities require the attention and access of international experts for preventing man-made and ecological disasters. An expert evaluation was carried out to assess theenvironmental threats and risks, existing threats were identified, an information and analytical system was developed, and recommendations were issued for minimizing the risks of man-made and ecological disasters. The current risk of an industrial accident with significant environmental consequences occurring in the course of the conflict is in the range from "low" to "average". According to an expert assessment within the framework of the OSCE Project Coordinator's study in Ukraine, in the course of development of any adverse scenarios, the potential danger of emergencies with serious environmental consequences remains significant. With large volumes of liquid chlorine emissions into the air, the population living in the zone of possible chemical contamination can be subjected to a severe degree of poisoning, which will lead to lethal consequences and a large number of victims. Economic development of Donetsk and Lugansk regions without the obligatory consideration of environmental factors is impossible. Ensuring the rehabilitation of the ecology of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts is an important factor in bringing environmental protection activities in the region into line with the requirements of environmental safety in the current social and economic conditions and making these activities an integral part of the sustainable economic and social development of Ukraine.
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Tripathy, Maruti Kumar, and Sanjukta Bhuyan. "THE STATUS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RIGHT TO EDUCATION (RTE) ACT." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES 8, no. 65 (March 25, 2021): 15188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v8i65.1578.
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In the 86th amendment 2002, education became a fundamental right under article 21A and Right to Education Act enacted on 4th Aug 2009 and came into force on 1 Apr 2010. The present study aimed to explore the status of implementation of Right to Education Act in one of the districts of Odisha.15 numbers of elementary and primary schools of Khordha district of Odisha were selected as sample schools from which 15 Headmasters and 15 Teachers selected as sample for data collection. For the purpose of collecting data two self made tools were used. First one was a Questionnaire for teachers and headmasters and the second one was a Checklist. Descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. Various dimensions of the RTE act were explored through this study. Major findings of the study showed that the majority of the Headmasters and Teachers have taken their training programme on RTE Act. Very few headmasters went through a long term training programme whereas most of the teachers and headmasters received short term training programmes. Working hours were maintained strictly by the teachers and headmasters. Each school has SMC or SMDC. Corporal punishment was abolished. The major problems of implementation of RTE Act were inadequate teaching staff, lack of infrastructural facilities, lack of proper educational planning and lack of financial resources etc.
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Thiele, Jan C. "eResearch." International Journal of e-Collaboration 14, no. 4 (October 2018): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2018100103.
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Joint research projects in ecology typically aim to integrate scientific knowledge from various disciplines. This raises the request for collaboration technologies. As ecological research is data-intensive, it requires the management and exchange of large datasets, often with spatial reference. The demand for collaboration, data, and information management tools in science is addressed by the creation of digital service infrastructures, so-called eResearch Infrastructures, which are collections of typically web-based software systems. Here, an example eResearch infrastructure implemented for a joint research project is presented. It is described by the user stories, the derived functional requirements, and their implementation in software systems. This infrastructure followed an open-source paradigm with only two exceptions. Based on the lessons learned, recommendations for the future development of eResearch infrastructures and their embedment in an organizational, project, and scientific framework are derived.
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Baggiani, Leonardo. "Knowledge Problem and Emerging Economies." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2012010102.
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The paper analyses the problem related to dispersion and substantial unconsciousness of the knowledge necessary for actions and decisions to coordinate within the economy at best. By the approach of the Austrian school of economics insights on various features of economic activity are exposed, which show the opportunity to realise a knowledge economy within the framework of a new free market experiment; as a consequence, governments must focus on how to improve the diffusion of existing knowledge instead of achieving their preferred industrial structure. Developments of information and communication technologies in emerging economies, especially the African ones, are here exposed as the perfect example of how some infrastructural deficiencies can be overcome by information and communication technologies; the current African renaissance therefore offers a real chance to implement knowledge economy prescriptions.
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Gorissen, Sarsha, Matthew Greenlees, and Richard Shine. "A skink out of water: impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on an Endangered reptile in Australian highland swamps." Oryx 51, no. 4 (September 26, 2016): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000442.
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AbstractThe Blue Mountains water skink Eulamprus leuraensis is an Endangered swamp specialist known from < 60 sites and restricted to the rare, threatened and fragmented habitat of Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone. Understanding the species’ ecology, notably its vulnerability to threatening processes such as hydrological disturbance, is essential if we are to retain viable populations of this Endangered reptile. We examined the impact of anthropogenic disturbance (longwall mining practices, development (industrial, urban, infrastructural) and damage by recreational vehicles) on this species, other herpetofauna and the swamp by surveying six paired undisturbed and disturbed sites in south-eastern Australia. The abundance of E. leuraensis was severely affected by disturbance. The species was absent from disturbed swamps, where it was replaced by its congener E. heatwolei and other woodland reptile species. Disturbance was associated with a halving of soil moisture content and a loss of surface water; the dense, live understorey was replaced by a sparser, drier habitat with dead vegetation, logs, rocks and bare ground. In effect, disturbance eliminated the distinctive features of the swamp habitat, transforming it into an area that resembled the surrounding habitat in terms of fauna, flora and physical characteristics. Our surveys suggest that hydrological disturbance (groundwater loss or alterations in surface water chemistry) extirpates E. leuraensis. This species' dependence on groundwater renders it sensitive to habitat degradation through hydrological disturbance. The conservation message for management authorities is clear: to protect the skink, protect the habitat.
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Kaiser, Soraya, Guido Grosse, Julia Boike, and Moritz Langer. "Monitoring the Transformation of Arctic Landscapes: Automated Shoreline Change Detection of Lakes Using Very High Resolution Imagery." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142802.
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Water bodies are a highly abundant feature of Arctic permafrost ecosystems and strongly influence their hydrology, ecology and biogeochemical cycling. While very high resolution satellite images enable detailed mapping of these water bodies, the increasing availability and abundance of this imagery calls for fast, reliable and automatized monitoring. This technical work presents a largely automated and scalable workflow that removes image noise, detects water bodies, removes potential misclassifications from infrastructural features, derives lake shoreline geometries and retrieves their movement rate and direction on the basis of ortho-ready very high resolution satellite imagery from Arctic permafrost lowlands. We applied this workflow to typical Arctic lake areas on the Alaska North Slope and achieved a successful and fast detection of water bodies. We derived representative values for shoreline movement rates ranging from 0.40–0.56 m.yr−1 for lake sizes of 0.10 ha–23.04 ha. The approach also gives an insight into seasonal water level changes. Based on an extensive quantification of error sources, we discuss how the results of the automated workflow can be further enhanced by incorporating additional information on weather conditions and image metadata and by improving the input database. The workflow is suitable for the seasonal to annual monitoring of lake changes on a sub-meter scale in the study areas in northern Alaska and can readily be scaled for application across larger regions within certain accuracy limitations.
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Hanif, Uzma, Shabib Haider Syed, Rafique Ahmad, and Kauser Abdullah Malik. "Economic Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector of Punjab." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (December 1, 2010): 771–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.771-798.
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As back as the Industrial Revolution, anthropogenic activities namely, power generation from fossil fuels and deforestation activities have been continuously increasing the atmospheric concentration of GHGs beyond their natural limits resulting in an enhanced greenhouse effect, vis-à-vis, an increase in global temperature. The rise in temperature could be coupled with changes in rainfall pattern, rise in sea level, and frequency and severity of extreme events namely, cyclones and droughts etc. The sum of all these changes is referred to as climate change. Climate change affects economic development in many ways, especially the agrarian economies have always depended on vagaries of nature and climate. Change in temperature, precipitation averages and extreme climate events can alter yield, income, health, sociology and physical safety. Climate change is a global phenomenon and no country is immune to it. The disappearing of the Himalayan glaciers at a fast pace would increase the probability of extreme water flows, rendering it uncontrolled will bring heavy floods, loss of life, livestock, crops and infrastructural facilities in Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Climate change will affect all sectors of the economy not alone agricultural sector the most as well as health, forests, energy, coastal area, biodiversity and ecology all over the globe. In this connection, it will be pertinent to give the most recent events which have taken place across Asia.
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Swilling, Mark. "Reconceptualising urbanism, ecology and networked infrastructures." Social Dynamics 37, no. 1 (March 2011): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2011.569997.
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Abdullahi, Kabir Ozigi, Shahrzad Ghiyasvandian, Marzieh Hasanpour, and Nahid Dehghan Nayeri. "Challenges of Evidence-Based Practice and Nursing Education in Sub Saharan Africa: An Integrative Review." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22168384.
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Introduction: This paper was conducted to explore the challenges of evidence-based practice and nursing education in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: An integrative review study was conducted with a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct, the record so collected were identified, screened and reviewed. Results: The search conducted produced a total of 1,296 records: 1,106 from PubMed; 90 from Web of Science; 54-Scopus and 46- Science direct. Seven themes emerged thus: Resources and infrastructure; Inadequate facilities and capacity building; Funding problem; Collaboration and teamwork; Curriculum reform; professional regulation; and nursing culture. Conclusions: It is evidently apparent that in order to ensure improved quality and quantity of production, and the adoption of EBP in the care, developmental partners and government have to increase the allocation of fund for infrastructural development, teaching and learning materials as well as hospital facilities to create an enabling environment for the smooth running of the evidenced practice in Nursing. Keywords: Evidence-based Practice; Challenges; Nursing education; African, Sub Saharan
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Lo Bianco, Andrea, and Natalia Valdés del Toro. "The Hegemon’s Perspective, Part I. On the inner source and morphology of world power and hegemony." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 46 (February 28, 2021): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2021.46.003.
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Modernity unfolds through the unrelenting exploitation, appropriation, and dispossession of human and natural substance; through the radical devaluation of nature, both human and extra-human; on hierarchy, racism, patriarchy, all in service to capitalist accumulation. A grasp of what lies at the base of one of the most important world-historical mechanisms of power formation and systemic reproduction that has hitherto kept the capitalist world-system/ecology going, hegemony, can be relevant for the formulation of new strategies of contention and practices of anti-systemic movements against this perverse mode of life organization. Such a grasp, thus, can be regarded as part of the anti-systemic program towards a more just society and ecologically-devoted humanity. Understanding how a hegemon can form and produce power can be conducive to the comprehension of how to jam or confront such a world-systemic mechanism, which is pivotal for the unabated expansion and reproduction of capitalism. This investigation endeavors to shed some light on this agency of world-historical power and systemic re/production. More to the point, it will posit a methodological way of reading and understanding the inner source and morphology of the hegemonic power. This paper, however, represents the spadework for further research. As we shall see, the complexity of the argument imposed a provisional “ecological expurgation”. As a consequence, nature will be silenced in Part I. The reasons for such a painful expurgation will be clear once we delve into the articulation of analysis and narrative. Such methodological and conceptual weakness is to be overcome through further research in Part II. It shall posit a complete hegemon’s perspective, namely, a world-ecological perspective on the hegemonic power. Part I, hence, will explore part of the material relational complexity that spawns hegemony in reality. On the present groundwork indeed, an understanding of the hegemonic power through post-Cartesian, that is, a world-ecological lens, could be unfolded to the fullest, both methodologically and historically. Provisional and fictional separation calls for permanent and lifelike reconstitution —which is the final aim of the research—. Part I will not engage in a traditional analysis of hegemony as a projection of power towards and onto world space. By contrast, it will deal with how a hegemon succeeds in projecting such power; that is, how the hegemon manages to internally generate power enough to make masses and states throughout the world captive and legible to the hegemon’s project of world leadership and historical development. What is seldom acknowledged is that a hegemon, before projecting power outward, must develop an internal formula. Hence, through this (provisional) methodological frame it will be argued that it is not simply an overt power that defines a hegemon, but its infra-structural power. More to the point, in Part I will posit the hegemon as a regime of power accumulation wherein state, capital and society work hand in glove with a particular degree of coherence developed within the established, or legal, boundaries of its territorial sovereignty. The internal organization of power that originates from this “coherent work” breeds hegemony, that is, the capacity to project power towards and onto world space. Part I purports to provide a way to explain analytically the hegemon’s organization, control, and logistics in order to understand sociospatial capacity for infrastructural power — a mode for investigating the tangled whole of powers, relations and networks that makes and permeates the fabric of the hegemon itself -. I would here hint at the world-ecological reading of the hegemon. In short: the world-ecological perspective of the Hegemon thinks of hegemonic power not solely as infra-structural power but as infra-relational power —meaning the capacity to historically design first, and then organize the project of power, science and nature by activating operations to harness the relational forces between humans and nature (as well as within both and their own inextricable intertwining) in service of capitalist power—. The hegemon is thus an organization of human-and-extra-human space that extensively and intensively re/produces, organizes, mobilizes and maximizes human-and-extra-human wealth, knowledge and interaction better than any other organization in the modern world-ecology. In short: before projecting power outward, the hegemon must develop a socioecological formula. Thus, from a complete hegemon’s perspective, hegemony is firstly an inner actual world-ecological design of the world. This is the idea behind the methodological and historical investigation of world-ecology to be carried out. Part I maintains that hegemonic power is the product of a trialectic unity of state, capital and society in which multiple overlapping and intersecting spatial networks of power, and the attendant immanent relations, are viewed as constitutive of the working totality. A hegemon deploys the most coherent – efficient and effective – design and operationalization of infrastructural power. Complementary then, hegemonic infrastructural power is to be also seen as the specifically-organic product and conflation of extensive and intensive power – firstly, within its own legal space and borders. The hegemon is a regime of power accumulation that extensively and intensively re/produces, organizes, mobilizes, and maximizes wealth, knowledge and interaction better than any other organization in the modern world-system. Hence, compared to any other jurisdiction that vies with it, a hegemonic regime manages to generate and combine the highest organizational cooperation (put simply: cooperation among the largest number of people with and through the most expansive management of resources – extensive power) with the greatest organizational command (put simply: the highest level of commitment from participants and utilization of resources – intensive power). The investigation of networks and relations, (bundled by) extensive and intensive power, is, in short, the method being argued for. As a whole, this will allow us to see the socio-spatial dynamic of infrastructural power production and to account for (the coherence of) the hegemon’s structure – the hegemony’s source. Finally, this is to prepare the ground, on the one hand, for the factual analysis of the hegemons’ historical development, since it purports to provide a useful framework to investigate the hegemons’ historical organization as well as the manifold web of power relations contained within it. On the other, it provides, as a whole, the springboard through which to unfold the world-ecological perspective on the hegemon, both methodologically and historically.
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Ikudayisi, Adesola, Victor Okoruwa, and Bolarin Omonona. "From the lens of food accessibility and dietary quality: Gaining insights from urban food security in Nigeria." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019866462.
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Do level of food demanded and dietary diversity jointly provide better estimates on household food security status or is this association modified by level of urbanization within urban setting? To better understand this relationship, we investigated the Nigerian urban household’s food security situation in terms of food access and utilization component through a demand system and diet diversity models using cross-sectional data. Results showed that the food groups considered were normal goods but with varying magnitudes. Most households were price-sensitive, especially to high-value food commodities, while cross-price effect showed a mix of substitute and complementary relationships. However, the level of dietary diversity was moderate. The quantile regression analysis revealed that income and urbanicity index significantly improved consumption of diverse diets, with higher impacts at the lowest quantile. The linkages between rising urbanization and the scourge of food insecurity will require more integration of strategies aimed at tackling the urban food system, infrastructural development and food policy consideration. Therefore, policy options tailored towards better food access and consumption of diverse diet were proffered.