Journal articles on the topic '"informed" architect'
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1
Hamouie, Mohamad. "The Architect-Craftsperson." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.510.
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The scarcity of craftsmanship in our society is the result of modernist philosophies that celebrate mass production, mechanized industry, exponential economic gain and a corporate/developer-led economy. This relatively recent rupture in thousands of years of human history has led to the loss of generations of valuable knowledge and of an understanding of life stretching beyond material face value. A reconciliation between the traditional values of craftsmanship and contemporary technological advances has been at the core of my practice for over three decades. Here, the need for the “Architect Craftsman” is presented as an alternative approach to the egocentric modernist figure of the “Architect Artist” that has in recent times so widely informed our ways of building.
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Wilkinson, Daniel. "The sculptor-architect: In rêverie." Design Ecologies 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/des_00012_1.
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As an architectural designer who has also worked as a figurative sculptor, my practice-led research sees the bringing together of sculptural modelling techniques with the sculpting of architectural drawings. Taking a singular reference to a lost architectural treatise by Michelangelo as its prompt, this article considers Renaissance sculptural practice as offering an alternate disciplinary footing to the norms that developed around Alberti; to which the development of contemporary architectural practice can be attributed. Through a process that moves towards drawing by way of a historically informed adoption of clay sketching, which is used to develop and inform an experimental polychromatic ceramic practice and virtual reality modelling techniques, my activities as a sculptor-architect critique the corporeal dismissals that marked the codifications of the Renaissance. Central to this is the capacity of disegno, which as a term was paramount for the era’s repositioning of architecture, painting and sculpture as liberal arts, to suggest broader approaches to design than an immediate reliance on drawing.
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Arup, Ove. "The education of architects." Architectural Research Quarterly 2, no. 1 (1996): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500001081.
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‘The advice of the architect is very much needed in the councils which take political decisions about how to use our resources and what to build’, wrote the structural engineer, Ove Arup (1895–1988) in this 1970 paper. ‘The architect is in a way the counsel for the people…and, if he doesn't speak up, there is nobody else to put the case for humanity in an informed way.’ But Arup added that competence in building is essential. ‘Nobody will listen to your advice about how to run the state if you can't run your own business.’
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Collier, W. O. "The Villa of Cardinal Alessandro Albani, Hon.F.S.A." Antiquaries Journal 67, no. 2 (September 1987): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500025440.
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Cardinal Alessandro Albani was probably the most renowned collector of antiquities in eighteenth century Italy. His Roman villa, planned to display them, was built at various dates here discussed in the light of Albani's antedecents, upbringing and career as diplomatist, antiquary and amateur architect. The stylistic origins of the villa are considered together with its influence on later architects, notably Percier and Fontaine and the brothers Adam. Excerpts are given from the course of visits to Roman sites by the cicerone James Byres which illustrate the climate of informed opinion on architecture in late eighteenth-century Rome, where the works of the Cardinal's painter Mengs and librarian Winckelmann were receiving wide acclaim.
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Bohn, Mary Kathryn, Siobhan Wilson, Alexandra Hall, and Khosrow Adeli. "Pediatric reference interval verification for endocrine and fertility hormone assays on the Abbott Alinity system." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 59, no. 10 (June 30, 2021): 1680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-0337.
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Abstract Objectives The Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) has developed an extensive database of reference intervals (RIs) for several biomarkers on various analytical systems. In this study, pediatric RIs were verified for key immunoassays on the Abbott Alinity system based on the analysis of healthy children samples and comparison to comprehensive RIs previously established for Abbott ARCHITECT assays. Methods Analytical performance of Alinity immunoassays was first assessed. Subsequently, 100 serum samples from healthy children recruited with informed consent were analyzed for 16 Alinity immunoassays. The percentage of test results falling within published CALIPER ARCHITECT reference and confidence limits was determined. If ≥ 90% of test results fell within the confidence limits, they were considered verified based on CLSI guidelines. If <90% of test results fell within the confidence limits, additional samples were analyzed and new Alinity RIs were established. Results Of the 16 immunoassays assessed, 13 met the criteria for verification with test results from ≥ 90% of healthy serum samples falling within the published ARCHITECT confidence limits. New CALIPER RIs were established for free thyroxine and prolactin on the Alinity system. Estradiol required special considerations in early life. Conclusions Our data demonstrate excellent concordance between ARCHITECT and Alinity immunoassays, as well as the robustness of previously established CALIPER RIs for most immunoassays, eliminating the need for de novo RI studies for most parameters. Availability of pediatric RIs for immunoassays on the Alinity system will assist clinical laboratories using this new platform and contribute to improved clinical decision-making.
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Hutton, Louisa. "Modern Color/Modern Architecture." Architectural Research Quarterly 7, no. 1 (March 2003): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503232012.
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William Braham writes that this book has been conceived as a genealogy of modern architectural colour, explaining that he uses the term ‘genealogy’ in the (Deleuzean) sense of it automatically bringing one to an understanding of the distance travelled since the particular origins under research. Such an analysis is useful to Braham who wants to bring to the practising architect an informed view of the use of colour in architecture by investigating the discussions that have surrounded it since the 1830s.
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Peavey, M., N. Akbas, W. Gibbons, P. Zarutskie, and S. Devaraj. "Optimization of oestradiol assays to improve utility in an in vitro fertilization setting." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 55, no. 1 (May 17, 2017): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563217691788.
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Background The measurement of oestradiol is an integral component for the management of ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization. Automated immunoassays offer fast assay times and high throughput, with less sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study is to optimize the oestradiol assay in patients undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization via comparison of oestradiol values obtained using two immunoassays compared with mass spectrometry. Methods Patients undergoing ovarian stimulation were prospectively recruited. Serum samples were analysed with ADVIA Centaur® CP Immunoassay, Abbott Architect i1000® immunoassay and AB Sciex 5500 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) systems. Per cent bias was determined for each system to report the average tendency of the values to be larger or smaller than the LC-MS/MS value. Linear regression of total follicular volume and oestradiol was computed. Results The ADVIA Centaur® CP assay had a positive bias of 20% compared with LC-MS/MS, while the Architect i1000® had a non-significant, negative bias of 0.3%. With regression fit, a clear, positive relationship was seen between follicular volume and oestradiol. The Architect i1000® assay had a greater correlation (R2 = 0.46) compared with Centaur® CP (R2 = 0.36), when oestradiol values were >1000 pg/mL (3670 pmol/L). Conclusions The Abbott Architect i1000® oestradiol assay exhibits greater agreement with LC-MS/MS and exhibited better correlation to follicular volume when oestradiol values are >1000 pg/mL (3670 pmol/L), prompting a change in the clinic’s oestradiol platform. Attention to assay quality assurance via LC-MS/MS can improve the oestradiol accuracy and permit more informed clinical decisions for improved patient outcomes.
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Eggener, Keith. "Postwar Modernism in Mexico: Luis Barragán's Jardines del Pedregal and the International Discourse on Architecture and Place." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 58, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 122–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991481.
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The Jardines del Pedregal de San Angel, an exclusive Mexico City subdivision designed and built between 1945 and 1953, is widely recognized as one of the most important works of modern architecture in Mexico. A turning point in the career of its architect, Luis Barragán (1902-1988), it has also been said to mark the emergence of a distinctly Mexican modernism. Since the 1970s, Barragán's postwar designs have typically been discussed as Mexican in essence and association, yet study of El Pedregal reveals how this project was also informed by broader trends. For commentators in the early 1950s, much of El Pedregal's success and regionalist aesthetic lay in its sympathetic integration of architecture and landscape, and in this Barragán was clearly informed by the work of Le Corbusier, Richard Neutra, and Frank Lloyd Wright, among others. This paper considers El Pedregal as part of an international discourse, circa 1930 to 1950, on the integration of site and architecture.
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Sobhy, Dalia, Leandro Minku, Rami Bahsoon, and Rick Kazman. "Continuous and Proactive Software Architecture Evaluation: An IoT Case." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 31, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3492762.
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Design-time evaluation is essential to build the initial software architecture to be deployed. However, experts’ assumptions made at design-time are unlikely to remain true indefinitely in systems that are characterized by scale, hyperconnectivity, dynamism, and uncertainty in operations (e.g. IoT). Therefore, experts’ design-time decisions can be challenged at run-time. A continuous architecture evaluation that systematically assesses and intertwines design-time and run-time decisions is thus necessary. This paper proposes the first proactive approach to continuous architecture evaluation of the system leveraging the support of simulation. The approach evaluates software architectures by not only tracking their performance over time, but also forecasting their likely future performance through machine learning of simulated instances of the architecture. This enables architects to make cost-effective informed decisions on potential changes to the architecture. We perform an IoT case study to show how machine learning on simulated instances of architecture can fundamentally guide the continuous evaluation process and influence the outcome of architecture decisions. A series of experiments is conducted to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the approach. We also provide the architect with recommendations on how to best benefit from the approach through choice of learners and input parameters, grounded on experimentation and evidence.
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Gethmann, Daniel. "Integrated planning and the design of urban agglomeration: Bernhard Hafner's Comparative Simulation of Alternative Urban Prototypes." Architectural Research Quarterly 21, no. 1 (March 2017): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135913551700015x.
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Cybernetic simulation programs that renewed the development process of urban agglomerations began to emerge as part of a paradigm shift that took place in the 1960s. During this period, changes in urban planning evolved in the context of cybernetically-informed research methods, in which architects and systems scientists focused on the environmental control of social and cultural planning processes. As such, the urban fabric became an object of planning and regulation. These events in turn generated the need for ‘big data’ processing in architecture. Consequently, the reconfiguration of urban architectural fabric emerged as a topic of scientific operation.In this context, in 1967, the Architecture Machine Group developed ‘Urban 5’, a planning program for urban participation based on man-machine dialogue. In the late 1960s, systems scientist Jay Wright Forrester also developed ‘Urban Dynamics’, a computer simulation exploring the interdependence of urban population, housing, and industry in the urban fabric. It was in this same 1967 environment that the Austrian architect Bernhard Hafner began to work autonomously, and without any personal relation to the other two projects, on a program for the ‘Comparative Simulation of Alternative Urban Prototypes’, based on the assumption that the design of urban forms had to be accompanied by the simulation of fields of urban dispersion.
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Pivo, Hannah. "The Role of Vision in Ladislav Sutnar and Knud Lönberg-Holm's Designing Information." Design Issues 35, no. 3 (July 2019): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00546.
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In 1947, Czech designer Ladislav Sutnar and Danish architect Knud Lönberg-Holm published three articles in Interiors magazine introducing their theories of modern visual communication to the professional design community in the United States. These articles, subsequently released together as Designing Information, were informed by the authors’ work at Sweet's Catalog Service, a dominant publisher of industrial catalogs at the time. At Sweet's, Lönberg-Holm and Sutnar developed standards for product information centered on the concept of “visual flow.” This article examines vision and flow in Designing Information, analyzing how the authors applied ideas from diverse realms of midcentury discourse—including visual education, Gestalt, and Behaviorist psychologies—to the context of American business and industry.
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Ouyang, Wen-chin. "Pierre Cachia 1921–2017." Review of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (August 2017): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2017.87.
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Pierre Cachia slipped away peacefully on 1 April 2017, a few days shy of his ninety-sixth birthday, surrounded by his children and grandchildren. With the passing of this key architect of Arabic studies, those of us who have studied and worked with him will not only mourn the loss of a friend, teacher, and mentor, but also the irretrievable era in which a first generation of postwar American and European Arabists and Orientalists made tremendous strides in fashioning academic studies of modern Arabic literature into what it is today: grounded in native fluency of the Arabic language, informed by real experiences lived in close proximity with Arab writers and storytellers, and took seriously the concerns and priorities of Arab scholars, critics, and intellectuals.
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Hswe, Patricia, Michael J. Furlough, Michael J. Giarlo, and Mairéad Martin. "Responding to the Call to Curate: Digital Curation in Practice at Penn State University Libraries." International Journal of Digital Curation 6, no. 2 (July 25, 2011): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v6i2.196.
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This paper describes how the Pennsylvania State (Penn State) University Libraries and the university’s central information technology organization, Information Technology Services, are putting into practice key tenets of digital curation through the newly established Content Stewardship program, a joint strategic initiative to implement stewardship services for the university. First, we provide an account of the planning, preparation, and prototyping that informed the initial year of the program. Second, we report on the hiring of a Digital Collections Curator and a Digital Library Architect and how they are advancing the program by putting digital curation into practice, which includes the work of community building. Finally, we address the organizational context of curation in practice, in particular with respect to the challenges of starting and sustaining a stewardship services program for all of Penn State.
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McKellar, Elizabeth. "All Roof, No Wall: Peter Boston, A-Frames and the Primitive Hut in Twentieth-Century British Architecture, c. 1890–1970." Architectural History 62 (2019): 237–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2019.9.
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AbstractA very particular type of modern house in Britain — A-frames of the 1950s and 1960s — emerged from a much longer history of British and Scandinavian-German primitivism centred on the cruck-frame. This article focuses on a small number of architect-designed examples and introduces one of the main proponents of the type, Peter Boston (1918–99). The tension between the A-frame's familiarity as a universal dwelling type and its adoption as a signifier of modernity is a central theme. In the British twentieth-century context, the ‘modern’ included a strong vernacular element, and the new A-frames, which formed part of the ‘timber revival’ of the 1950s and 1960s, were informed by a long-standing interest in the history of cruck-framed construction from the Arts and Crafts onwards, which in turn was part of a wider pan-north European building culture.
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McCarthy, Christine. "Against ‘Churchianity’: Edmund Anscombe’s Suburban Church Designs." Architectural History 52 (2009): 169–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004184.
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Edmund Anscombe (1874-1948) was an important New Zealand architect, well known for his design of the 1925 New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition (Logan Park, Dunedin) and the 1940 New Zealand Centennial Exhibition (Rongotai, Wellington), as well as for his art deco buildings in Hawkes Bay (especially Hastings), and in Wellington.This article explores Anscombe’s contribution to New Zealand’s early twentieth-century church design by presenting new archival research and examining his distinctive use of secular imagery, notably the architectures of the house and schoolhouse. The article locates these designs simultaneously within traditions of Nonconformist architecture and within a Victorian interest in the home as productively informing a spiritual understanding of church building. While some architectural examples of this thinking were apparent in late nineteenth-century America, there are no other known examples in New Zealand. Anscombe’s use of this secular and domestic imagery in his church design enabled fashionable and theologically-informed architectures to co-exist.
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Kohlhammer, Thomas, Aleksandra Anna Apolinarska, Fabio Gramazio, and Matthias Kohler. "Design and structural analysis of complex timber structures with glued T-joint connections for robotic assembly." International Journal of Space Structures 32, no. 3-4 (June 2017): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266351117746268.
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Combining computation and robotic fabrication and assembly creates rationale for new types of design and construction methods which are not bound to constraints of standardization and allows structurally informed differentiation. This research presents methods for designing and analysis of structural behavior for novel types of timber structures made of simple elements which are suitable for robotic assembly. Specifically, structures derived from Reciprocal Frames built with linear timber elements and connected with glued butt T-joints were of interest due to their applicability in integrated robotic fabrication and assembly processes. So far, little has been known about the complexity of their structural behavior and their potential for load-bearing application in construction. In response, this research established a corresponding structural analysis method for such structures and specifically the adhesive-based T-joint connections. Furthermore, this analysis method has been implemented as a computational tool integrated with algorithmic design modeling methods, which supports an architect or an engineer in exploring the potential designs based on immediate structural feedback. Finally, these tools were employed to conduct case studies which show that the structural behavior of the discussed structures is highly complex, and slight geometric modification allows to significantly improve the load-bearing capacity.
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Carthey, Jane. "Interdisciplinary User Groups and the Design of Healthcare Facilities." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719843877.
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Aim: This Australian research explores how “user group” participants from diverse professional discipline backgrounds understand, define, perform their roles, and assess the outcomes of the healthcare design process. Background: Part of the design process in Australia and New Zealand, the purpose of interdisciplinary user group consultation is to design the best healthcare facilities possible within the parameters set by project clients and funding bodies. Method: An online survey was used to explore how user group participants viewed the process, including how well informed they felt they were about their role/s in it, its success in achieving specific outcomes for their project, and how they felt their project client, owner, or funding body assessed these same issues. It included both closed and open-ended questions, and data were then analyzed using an interpretative methodology by an architect researcher based in practice. Results: Emergent issues identified include governance of the process, knowledge asymmetries between participants, missed opportunities for innovation, composition and workloads of user groups, and the quality of resources available to guide the process. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary user group process could be improved, and future research will look at how drawing on participatory design methods used in sectors such as urban planning may support the development of new techniques for conducting user groups.
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Awan, Nishat. "Words and objects in transposing desire and making space." Architectural Research Quarterly 12, no. 3-4 (December 2008): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135913550800119x.
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In this article I will explore the relationship between space, language and objects and interrogate the role of language as a signifier for the transformation of space through cultural difference. My work is informed by the context and the methods of postcolonialism and specifically the notion of hybridity. If the hybridity of a postcolonial identity is acknowledged, then the space where these identities are negotiated could also be seen as sharing qualities of overlap and mixing. Influenced by psychoanalytic theories of the self and its relation to others, postcolonial theory has used strategies of ‘mimicry’ and ‘hybridity’ as motifs to provide a vocabulary that shifts colonial relations out of the dialectic of oppressor and oppressed. But following Lefebvre's idea that all space is social space, and Foucault's spatialisation of power, the move from the historic preoccupation with time to a spatialisation of the processes of knowledge production, allows postcolonial thinking to go beyond the complicities of identity politics, which has been one of the major criticisms of this mode of thought. As an architect, this opens up certain possibilities of interrogating postcolonial subjectivity through the spaces that are occupied and used by those who are implicated within it. This paper will focus on one such space: a park in East London.
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Kaur, Harleen, and Amarjeet Singh Bhatia. "High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in school children in Jammu: a whistle blower." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191549.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency prevails in epidemic proportions among school going children in India, but there is scarcity of searchable data on vitamin D status in school children in Jammu and Kashmir; hence we have assessed the vitamin D status in school going children attending outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital Jammu.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry Government Medical College Jammu during June to December, 2018 and after obtaining informed consent, a total of 104 school going children between the age group of 6 years to 12 years, attending SMGS Hospital Jammu were screened for their vitamin D (25 OH-D) status by using Abbott architect chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay.Results: Out of a total of 104 school going children screened in the study, 91 (87.5%) were found to be having insufficient vitamin D levels in their blood (<30ngm/dl) whereas 63 (60.5%) children showed severe deficiency with vitamin D levels below 20ngm/dl.Conclusions: Despite of abundant sunshine throughout the year and also with the consideration that people of this region are well off economically and can afford good nutrition, the results of our study revealing high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in school going children can be taken as a whistle blower for the health policy makers of the region.
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Kaur, Sapneet, and Harleen Kaur. "Prevalence of vitamin D and B12 deficiency in pregnant women in Jammu, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201083.
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Background: Micronutrient deficiency is pandemic proportions among pregnant women in India, but there is scarcity of searchable data on coexistence vitamin D status and Vitamin B 12 in pregnant women in Jammu and Kashmir, hence we have assessed the vitamin D as well as Vitamin B12 status in pregnant women attending outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital Jammu.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry Government Medical College Jammu during June 2019 to February, 2020 and after obtaining informed consent, a total of 150 pregnant women, attending SMGS Hospital Jammu were screened for their vitamin D (25 OH-D) and vitamin B12 status by using Abbott architect chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay.Results: A total of 150 pregnant women were screened in the study , 129 (86%) were found to be having insufficient vitamin D levels in their blood (<30 ngm/dl) and 105 ( 70%) women showed severe deficiency with vitamin D levels below 20 ngm/dl.108 (72%) pregnant women had vitamin B12 deficiency with levels below 200 pgm/ml.Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of coexistence of Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant women, despite of abundant sunshine throughout the year and also with the consideration that people of this region are well off economically and can afford good nutrition.
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Iwuji, Kenneth, Ebtesam Islam, Gilbert Berdine, Kenneth Nugent, Victor Test, and Amanda Tijerina. "Prevalence of Coronavirus Antibody Among First Responders in Lubbock, Texas." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272097139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720971390.
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Background: The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has a major impact on first responders. Scarce personal protective equipment (PPE) has forced them to conserve and reuse some of their PPE. The efficacy of these practices in preventing transmission of COVID-19 from patients to first responders is unclear. There are limited data on the prevalence of antibodies specific for COVID-19 exposure in these front-line workers. Aim: Our objective was to determine the prevalence of positive immunoglobulin G antibody specific to COVID-19 among first responders in Lubbock, Texas. Methods: Blood samples were collected on 683 asymptomatic first responders who work in Lubbock, Texas and the surrounding area, after informed consents were signed. IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 was measured using Abbott’s SARS-CoV-2 IgG Reagent Kit in combination with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG Calibrator Kit on the Abbott’s ARCHITECT i1000SR analyzer. Results: The prevalence of IgG specific antibodies to COVID-19 was 0.73%, five of the 683 participants tested positive. Four of those who tested positive had no known prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure without adequate PPE. Conclusions: The prevalence of IgG specific antibodies to COVID-19 was much lower than expected in our study population despite high sensitivity and specificity of the test reagent. The most likely explanations for this finding include limited exposure, inadequate time for a IgG response, possible clearance of COVID-19 infection locally by the respiratory tract IgA defense system without eliciting a systemic IgG response, and short persistence of IgG antibodies in mild or asymptomatic cases.
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Bevilacqua, Victoria, Man Khun Chan, Yunqi Chen, David Armbruster, Beth Schodin, and Khosrow Adeli. "Pediatric Population Reference Value Distributions for Cancer Biomarkers and Covariate-Stratified Reference Intervals in the CALIPER Cohort." Clinical Chemistry 60, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2014.229799.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Cancer biomarkers are commonly used in pediatrics to monitor cancer progression, recurrence, and prognosis, but pediatric reference value distributions have not been well established for these markers. The Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) sought to develop a pediatric database of covariate-stratified reference value distributions for 11 key circulating tumor markers, including those used in assessment of patients with childhood or adult cancers. METHODS Healthy community children from birth to 18 years of age were recruited to participate in the CALIPER project with informed parental consent. We analyzed serum samples from 400–700 children (depending on the analyte in question) on the Abbott Architect ci4100 and established reference intervals for α-fetoprotein (AFP), antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), CA15-3, CA19-9, progastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and total and free prostate specific antigen (PSA) according to CLSI C28-A3 statistical guidelines. RESULTS We observed significant fluctuations in biomarker concentrations by age and/or sex in 10 of 11 biomarkers investigated. Age partitioning was required for CA153, CA125, CA19-9, CEA, SCC, proGRP, total and free PSA, HE4, and AFP, whereas sex partitioning was also required for CA125, CA19-9, and total and free PSA. CONCLUSIONS This CALIPER study established a database of childhood reference intervals for 11 tumor biomarkers and revealed dramatic fluctuations in tumor marker concentrations between boys and girls and throughout childhood. In addition, important differences between the adult and pediatric population were observed, further highlighting the need for pediatric-specific reference intervals.
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Colantonio, David A., Lianna Kyriakopoulou, Man Khun Chan, Caitlin H. Daly, Davor Brinc, Allison A. Venner, Maria D. Pasic, David Armbruster, and Khosrow Adeli. "Closing the Gaps in Pediatric Laboratory Reference Intervals: A CALIPER Database of 40 Biochemical Markers in a Healthy and Multiethnic Population of Children." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 854–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.177741.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric healthcare is critically dependent on the availability of accurate and precise laboratory biomarkers of pediatric disease, and on the availability of reference intervals to allow appropriate clinical interpretation. The development and growth of children profoundly influence normal circulating concentrations of biochemical markers and thus the respective reference intervals. There are currently substantial gaps in our knowledge of the influences of age, sex, and ethnicity on reference intervals. We report a comprehensive covariate-stratified reference interval database established from a healthy, nonhospitalized, and multiethnic pediatric population. METHODS Healthy children and adolescents (n = 2188, newborn to 18 years of age) were recruited from a multiethnic population with informed parental consent and were assessed from completed questionnaires and according to defined exclusion criteria. Whole-blood samples were collected for establishing age- and sex-stratified reference intervals for 40 serum biochemical markers (serum chemistry, enzymes, lipids, proteins) on the Abbott ARCHITECT c8000 analyzer. RESULTS Reference intervals were generated according to CLSI C28-A3 statistical guidelines. Caucasians, East Asians, and South Asian participants were evaluated with respect to the influence of ethnicity, and statistically significant differences were observed for 7 specific biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of a new comprehensive database of pediatric reference intervals is part of the Canadian Laboratory Initiative in Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER). It should assist laboratorians and pediatricians in interpreting test results more accurately and thereby lead to improved diagnosis of childhood diseases and reduced patient risk. The database will also be of global benefit once reference intervals are validated in transference studies with other analytical platforms and local populations, as recommended by the CLSI.
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Konforte, Danijela, Jennifer L. Shea, Lianna Kyriakopoulou, David Colantonio, Ashley H. Cohen, Julie Shaw, Dana Bailey, Man Khun Chan, David Armbruster, and Khosrow Adeli. "Complex Biological Pattern of Fertility Hormones in Children and Adolescents: A Study of Healthy Children from the CALIPER Cohort and Establishment of Pediatric Reference Intervals." Clinical Chemistry 59, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.204123.
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BACKGROUND Pediatric endocrinopathies are commonly diagnosed and monitored by measuring hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Because growth and development can markedly influence normal circulating concentrations of fertility hormones, accurate reference intervals established on the basis of a healthy, nonhospitalized pediatric population and that reflect age-, gender-, and pubertal stage–specific changes are essential for test result interpretation. METHODS Healthy children and adolescents (n = 1234) were recruited from a multiethnic population as part of the CALIPER study. After written informed parental consent was obtained, participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic and pubertal development information (assessed by self-reported Tanner stage) and provided a blood sample. We measured 7 fertility hormones including estradiol, testosterone (second generation), progesterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone by use of the Abbott Architect i2000 analyzer. We then used these data to calculate age-, gender-, and Tanner stage–specific reference intervals according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS We observed a complex pattern of change in each analyte concentration from the neonatal period to adolescence. Consequently, many age and sex partitions were required to cover the changes in most fertility hormones over this period. An exception to this was prolactin, for which no sex partition and only 3 age partitions were necessary. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive database of pediatric reference intervals for fertility hormones will be of global benefit and should lead to improved diagnosis of pediatric endocrinopathies. The new database will need to be validated in local populations and for other immunoassay platforms as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.
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Szabo, Victor. "Pacifica Radio’s Music from the Hearts of Space and the Ambient Sound of California’s New Age." Journal of the American Musicological Society 74, no. 1 (2021): 43–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2021.74.1.43.
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Abstract Music from the Hearts of Space, a freeform music program that aired across Northern California on KPFA-FM Pacifica Radio from 1973, set forth an expansive transgeneric vision of contemplative atmospheric “space music” whose properties, in the following decades, would become more popularly codified as either “new age” or “ambient.” Histories of these latter genres typically separate out ambient’s avant-garde lineage and secular functionalism from new age’s therapeutic and spiritual concerns; but an examination of Hearts’s first decade on the air, leading up to its 1983 syndication via National Public Radio’s satellite network, reveals a sonic and cultural milieu that belies this eventual generic split. Through investigation of Hearts’s private archive and interviews with the program’s host Stephen Hill, as well as industry research, cultural-historical study, and style analysis, I situate the genesis of Hearts’s proto-ambient sound within the Bay Area’s new age movement of the 1970s and early 1980s. Informed by the metaphor of the global media environment established in systems theory and popularized by Marshall McLuhan and Stewart Brand, artists and media producers within this grassroots technoculture designed and spread “alternative” personal media for the development of holistic awareness. These media included slow, reverberant, hypnotic recorded music, as curated by Hill and his cohost Anna Turner under the guiding concept of “space music.” This early history and analysis of Hearts’s space music as an atmospheric medium for attuning the listening self to a worldwide media ecology deepens and complicates genealogies that isolate the formation of ambient music from that of new age, revealing a cross-pollination of highbrow and countercultural ideals that led many musicians associated with the new age movement to similar sonic conclusions to those of ambient music architect Brian Eno.
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Foster, Jeremy. "Archaeology, aviation, and the topographical projection of ‘Paradoxical Modernism’ in 1940s South Africa." Architectural Research Quarterly 19, no. 2 (June 2015): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135515000214.
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At the time of his premature death in 1942, Rex Martienssen, the gifted South African architect who had helped make Johannesburg an outpost of modernism, had just completed a seminal PhD thesis on Greek space, and was documenting the layout of remote African settlements in South Africa's highlands. Martienssen's writings suggest that the link between these disjunct projects was topographical thinking, a form of architectural seeing and thinking that ontologically articulates time, place and culture. His research project was informed by the white colonial national intellectual search for an alternative to the racialised imaginary geography being promoted by white nationalism in the 1930s, a paradoxical modernity that would be progressive and cosmopolitan, yet also respected a timeless order threatened by European modernity. This re-envisioning of the 'place' of Western culture in Africa was encouraged by two seemingly-unrelated engagements with the sub-continent's terrain: archaeology and commercial aviation. Both practices came into their own in Southern Africa during this period, deploying Western technique and rationality in ways that constructed a vision of the subcontinent that unsettled the territorial limits and historical narratives of the post-colony, and inaugurated perceptions of the African landscape as modern and transcultural, yet situated in the Hegelian geographical movement of history. This made it possible to imagine, for the first time, that the topographical organisation of indigenous settlements might yield a spatial logic for new urban areas. A key figure in understanding this multiscalar geo-historical subjectivity was Le Corbusier, who had close ties with Martienssen and what he called le Groupe Transvaal. Le Corbusier's global journeys during the 1930s had made him increasingly interested in the anthropo-geographic traces left by the 'natural order of things' in human environments, and the possibility of a neo-syndicalist world order based on geo-political regions that were latitudinally complementary.
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Karakiewicz, Justyna. "Design is real, complex, inclusive, emergent and evil." International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077119894670.
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Can computers make our designs more intelligent and better informed? This is the implication of the theme of the special issue. Architectural design is often thought of as the design of the object, and design models of architecture seek to explicate this process. As an architect, however, I cannot subscribe to that view. In this particular article, I will explore how computational approaches have illuminated and expanded my work to enable the interaction of these themes across scores of projects. Underpinning the projects are foundational concepts: design is real, complex, inclusive, emergent and evil. Design is grounded in reality and facts, that we can derive design outcomes from a deep and unblemished understanding of the world around us. It is not a stylistic escape. Reality is complex. Architectural design has sought to simplify. This was inescapable when projects are so large yet need to be communicated succinctly. ‘Less is more’ justified this approach. In town planning, this is evident in the tool of zoning. Parse the problem and then address each piece. What we do is part of a larger effort. The field of architecture seeks distinction. Design theories want to distinguish and elevate architecture. But if design is complex and it is real, then it is tied to messy realism. Designing has to become accessible to other realms of knowledge. Designing is the seeking of opportunity. For many, design is simply finding the answer – think of Herbert Simon’s statement that design is problem solving. Design reveals opportunities, and these emergent conditions are to be grasped. As designers, our decisions have implications. We know now that what we build has future implications in ways that are profound. When we define design as problem solving, we ignore the truth that design is problem making.
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Ponte, Alessandra, and Georges Teyssot. "18th-Century Air Conditioning and Purifying: Homage to Carl B. Wadström and George Kubler." Architext 9 (2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26351/architext/9/1.
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The paper presents a compelling early example of mechanical air conditioning for the dwellings of Europeans in a colony in West Africa at the end of the 18th century. The scheme was published by the Swedish engineer and abolitionist Carl B. Wadström in An Essay on Colonization (1794–1795), a well-informed compendium of the strategies and politics of colonization implemented by European powers. Wadström’s ingenious air-conditioned house appeared in a 1944 article by the eminent art historian George Kubler under the title “The Machine for Living in 18th-Century West Africa.”
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Uribe Mendoza, Bernardo. "Parametricism, Heuristics and Co-Creation in the Arts of Design." ACTIO Journal of Technology in Design, Film Arts and Visual Communication, no. 4 (May 26, 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/actio.n4.96159.
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In 2008, architect Patrick Schuhmacher, from Zaha Hadid Architects, proposed an architectural manifesto for the 21st century, extendable to other arts of design and even to other areas of technological and artistic activity in which the human factor is associated with creation: Parametricism. In the subsequent debate, problems such as those of a new style as produce of digital technologies, and the totalizing claims of a design theory based on Niklas Luhmann’s postulates on his General Systems theory, have been repeatedly discussed. In this article, the topics of the Parametricism manifesto associated with the human factor and creation in design in the current technological environments, have been extrapolated to its plausible revision from the heuristics discipline perspective and to a possible re-definition of the co-creation concept in the arts developed by the Informal Art Movement of the mid-XX Century.
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Harmon, Brendan A., Anna Petrasova, Vaclav Petras, Helena Mitasova, and Ross Meentemeyer. "Tangible topographic modeling for landscape architects." International Journal of Architectural Computing 16, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077117749959.
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We present Tangible Landscape—a technology for rapidly and intuitively designing landscapes informed by geospatial modeling, analysis, and simulation. It is a tangible interface powered by a geographic information system that gives three-dimensional spatial data an interactive, physical form so that users can naturally sense and shape it. Tangible Landscape couples a physical and a digital model of a landscape through a real-time cycle of physical manipulation, three-dimensional scanning, spatial computation, and projected feedback. Natural three-dimensional sketching and real-time analytical feedback should aid landscape architects in the design of high performance landscapes that account for physical and ecological processes. We conducted a series of studies to assess the effectiveness of tangible modeling for landscape architects. Landscape architecture students, academics, and professionals were given a series of fundamental landscape design tasks—topographic modeling, cut-and-fill analysis, and water flow modeling. We assessed their performance using qualitative and quantitative methods including interviews, raster statistics, morphometric analyses, and geospatial simulation. With tangible modeling, participants built more accurate models that better represented morphological features than they did with either digital or analog hand modeling. When tangibly modeling, they worked in a rapid, iterative process informed by real-time geospatial analytics and simulations. With the aid of real-time simulations, they were able to quickly understand and then manipulate how complex topography controls the flow of water.
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Hjort, Mikkel, W. Mike Martin, and Jens Troelsen. "Planning of sport and recreational facilities informed by interdisciplinary knowledge." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-11-2018-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a design strategy that investigates the systematic use of interdisciplinary knowledge through a transparent decision-making process. The study identifies relevant design parameters that should be considered in the development of this design strategy. Design/methodology/approach The empirical data were collected through observations of the design process of two new sport facilities, meetings with sport, well-being and aging experts and through semi-structured interviews with end-users. The development of the proposed design strategy is based on a methodology with elements from “Knowledge to Action (KTA),” “Action research” and a “List of value concepts.” The rigid timetable guaranteed systematic progress, where both knowledge from the end-users and experts were incorporated throughout the decision-making process. Findings The two case studies documented results involving end-users and experts in a systematic way. In conclusion, it was apparent that the use of interdisciplinary collaboration informed the design outcome. Practical implications Based on the two cases, the following advice can be given to the architectural profession: architects should use the KTA model or similar in order to target the search for relevant interdisciplinary knowledge and ensure that relevant evidence is involved in the design process of upcoming projects regarding sport and recreation. Architects should make the design process transparent so that one can see which design decisions have been made through the design process. This must be done to ensure that there is greater coherence between vision and practice. Originality/value The study showed how architects could import knowledge, skills and values from other disciplines such as environmental psychology and active living research to improve the decision-making process of future sport and recreation projects. It was also clear that this design decision process could be made more transparent in the effort to allow the various stakeholders to take ownership of the resulting design outcomes.
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Garg, Disha, Kartik Sharma, Parul Nayar, Shubhi Goyal, and Shruti S. Nagdeve. "Prospects for architects in the Government Sector." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2021.943.
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Purpose: With the conception of one’s professional life, it is essential to understand all the possibilities and opportunities that lie before them. In the case of architecture, there exists a bias towards the private sector where newly graduate students aspire to work in private practices and possibly even envision a practice of their own at a certain point in life. While there is nothing wrong with envisioning a future in the private sector, it is also essential to be aware about the public sector and understand the opportunities it provides to be able to make an informed decision. There is a preconceived notion about the monotonous nature of government jobs and a lack of awareness about students about the opportunities in this sector. Hence, it becomes crucial to understand the numerous opportunities this sector has to offer and thus, explore the potential of architects in government organizations.
Methodology: The research for this paper has been done by referring to existing literature and interviews with concerned people. With an understanding of how and why is the government sector an essential area of research for budding architects and planners. The research was done through interviews and possible case studies was done based on review of existing literature.
Main Findings: The government is one sector with tremendous possibilities in the realm of architecture but is often plagued with stereotypes and preconceptions which have emerged over the years. It is imagined to be “lazy”, “uninnovative” and “non-productive” but this sector has evolved over the recent years and is now shaping to be one of the more lucrative sectors for practice. The number of perks, benefits and a clear comparative advantage of a higher salary, added with the direct contribution towards serving the nation, the government sector clearly has an unrealised potential for architectural professionals.
Implications: With younger architetcs having preconceived notions about role of architetcs in a government sector limited to unexciting set of designs without creativity, this article may help bring a fresh thought process to choose professional sector wisely.
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Shadrin, O. H., H. A. Haiduchyk, and M. H. Horianska. "Vitamin D Status in Young Children with Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Food Allergy." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 1(113) (February 19, 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2021.113.74.
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Aim is to investigate vitamin D status in young children with gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy. Materials and methods. 30 children aged 4 months to 3 years with enterocolitis syndrome induced by dietary proteins were examined. General clinical examination included assessment of physical and somatic status (body weight, height, sleep, appetite), condition of the skin and mucous membranes, skeletal system, internal organs, nature and frequency of bowel movements. To assess vitamin D status in children with gastrointestinal allergy, we used quantitative determination of the concentration of 25 (OH) D (25-hydroxycalciferol) in blood serum using the Architect 2000sr I «ABBOT» immunochemical assay (USA). Complex treatment of the underlying disease involved correction of vitamin D deficiency using the drug «Aquadetrim» containing aqueous solution of colecalciferol for oral administration at a dose of 2000 U/day for 1 month. The comparison group included 20 children aged 12–24 months with non$aggravated individual and family history of allergies, who had functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (functional constipation, functional diarrhea, flatulence syndrome) and did not take vitamin D preparations. The data of clinical and laboratory trials were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics adopted in biology and medicine. The reliability of differences in comparative indicators was determined using the Student's t-test and nominal data using Fisher's exact test. Results and conclusions. Based on the results of assessing the vitamin D status in young children with gastrointestinal food allergy by determining serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycalciferol, vitamin D deficiency was established in 86.7% of patients — with average of 26.39 (21.08–29.98) ng/ml. Administration of aqueous solution of colecalciferol (Aquadetrim) at a dose of 2000 IU per day for 1 month to children with gastrointestinal food allergy helped to normalize the concentration of 25-hydroxycalciferol in blood serum of 92.3% of children. Against the background of the use of the vitamin D preparation (Aquadetrim), there were no cases of deterioration of gastrointestinal and skin manifestations of the disease; «Akvadetrim» preparation was well tolerated, without side reactions. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergy, young children, vitamin D.
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Glennon, Kate, Jennifer Donnelly, Susan Knowles, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe, Alma O’Reilly, Siobhan Corcoran, Jennifer Walsh, et al. "Immunological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy from diagnosis to delivery: A multicentre prospective study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e0253090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253090.
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Background Background Population-based data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and assessment of passive immunity to the neonate, is lacking. We profiled the maternal and fetal response using a combination of viral RNA from naso-pharyngeal swabs and serological assessment of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Methods This multicentre prospective observational study was conducted between March 24th and August 31st 2020. Two independent cohorts were established, a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cohort and a cohort of asymptomatic pregnant women attending two of the largest maternity hospitals in Europe. Symptomatic women were invited to provide a serum sample to assess antibody responses. Asymptomatic pregnant women provided a nasopharyngeal swab and serum sample. RT-PCR for viral RNA was performed using the Cobas SARS-CoV-2 6800 platform (Roche). Umbilical cord bloods were obtained at delivery. Maternal and fetal serological response was measured using both the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Roche), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and the IgM Architect assay. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants. Results Ten of twenty three symptomatic women had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected on nasopharyngeal swabs. Five (5/23, 21.7%) demonstrated serological evidence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and seven (30.4%, 7/23) were positive for IgM antibodies. In the asymptomatic cohort, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in RNA was 0.16% (1/608). IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 1·67% (10/598, 95% CI 0·8%-3·1%) and IgM in 3·51% (21/598, 95% CI 2·3–5·5%). Nine women had repeat testing post the baseline test. Four (4/9, 44%) remained IgM positive and one remained IgG positive. 3 IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detectable in cord bloods from babies born to five seropositive women who delivered during the study. The mean gestation at serological test was 34 weeks. The mean time between maternal serologic positivity and detection in umbilical cord samples was 28 days. Conclusion Using two independent serological assays, we present a comprehensive illustration of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy, and show a low prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV2. Transplacental migration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was identified in cord blood of women who demonstrated antenatal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, raising the possibility of passive immunity.
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Pasachoff, Jay, and Roberta Olson. "St. Benedict Sees the Light: Asam's Solar Eclipses as Metaphor." Religion and the Arts 11, no. 3-4 (2007): 299–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852907x244548.
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AbstractDuring the Baroque period, artists worked in a style—encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church and the Council of Trent—that revealed the divine in natural forms and made religious experiences more accessible. Cosmas Damian Asam, painter and architect, and his brother Egid (Aegid) Quirin Asam, sculptor and stuccatore, were the principal exponents of eighteenth-century, southern-German religious decoration and architecture in the grand manner, the Gesamtkunstwerk. Cosmas Damian's visionary and ecstatic art utilized light, both physical and illusionistic, together with images of meteorological and astronomical phenomena, such as solar and lunar eclipses. This paper focuses on his representations of eclipses and demonstrates how Asam was galvanized by their visual, as well as metaphorical, power and that he studied a number of them. He subsequently applied his observations in a series of paintings for the Benedictine order that become increasingly astronomically accurate and spiritually profound. From the evidence presented, especially in three depictions of St. Benedict's vision, the artist harnessed his observations to visualize the literary description of the miraculous event in the Dialogues of St. Gregory the Great, traditionally a difficult scene to illustrate, even for Albrecht Dürer. Asam painted the trio at Einsiedeln, Switzerland (1724–27); Kladruby, the Czech Republic (1725–27), where he captured the solar corona and the "diamond-ring effect"; and Weltenburg, Germany (1735), where he also depicted the diamond-ring effect at a total solar eclipse. We conclude that his visualizations were informed by his personal observations of the solar eclipses on 12 May 1706, 22 May 1724, and 13 May 1733. Asam may have also known the eclipse maps of Edmond Halley and William Whiston that were issued in advance. Astronomers did not start studying eclipses scientifically until the nineteenth century, making Asam's depictions all the more fascinating. So powerful was the image that Asam invented to visualize St. Benedict's vision that it found reflection in the subsequent Bavarian Benedictine visual tradition. Total solar eclipses are among the most spectacular sights in Nature. Therefore, in an age obsessed with revealing the divine through natural idioms and making religious experiences direct—not to mention that light had long functioned as a symbol of divinity in the Christian tradition—it seems fitting that solar eclipses would be interpreted as a metaphor of a divine presence or a miracle.
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Balador, Z., M. Gjerde, and B. Vale. "Environmental attitudes and recycling behaviour of architects in New Zealand." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 062006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/6/062006.
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Abstract The use of reclaimed and recycled building materials is considered a pro-environmental behaviour and studying the factors that influence this is a first step towards establishing such behaviour. It is therefore essential to understand how pro-environmental behaviours develop. This article investigates the relationships between the influential factors on behaviours that help reduce waste in the construction industry, focussing on New Zealand architects. The study utilizes an online questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), which is made up of attitude, subjective norm, intention, and perceived behavioural control. The study reveals that the attitudes, intentions and perceived behavioural control of architects are strong predictors of pro-environmental behaviour while the subjective norm is a weak predictor. Knowledge of architects about regulations and certificates related to recycled materials will influence the pro-environmental practices. One of the obstacles in this way is the attitude of people and architects can play an important role in changing it. These findings show that architects need to be informed about related regulations and educated about different ways of integrating these materials.
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Manley, David, and Ben Bridgewater. "Cost effective auralizations to help architects and owners make informed decisions for sound isolating assemblies." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4899502.
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Saragih, John Fredy Bobby. "Anak dan Ruang Bermain: Telaah Terhadap Beberapa Penelitian Berbasis Affordances." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v2i2.2809.
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Children’s response towards something is different from adults’. If an architect designs the foot of a monument with a beautiful arch, a child will respond it as a slide. When an architect designs a water pool as an aesthetic element of a monument area, a child will respond with a different return, which is a place to shower/swim and play, not for aesthetic. What is this phenomenon? And how can we understand this well? This story reassures us that between adults and children have different concepts of a building or space. With a descriptive approach to literature review, this article examines some affordance-based studies. From the few studies presented, it appears that affordances are not enough to understand why kids play on an informal play space. Semiotic approach can help to better understand why children play in informal spaces.
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SANTI, Ettore. "UNCERTAINTY AND DESIGN PRACTICE IN CHINA. THE “APPARATUS” OF SHANGHAI EXPERIMENTAL ARCHITECTURE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 2 (June 8, 2017): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1317298.
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Professional architects and scholars in China have pointed out the issue of uncertainty in the everyday realm of the design practice. Experimental architecture firms, the Chinese-born ateliers committed to seeking the “Chinese Identity” of architecture, have accepted uncertainty as a constitutive category of the process of city making and claimed they are learning from it. Yet, the cultural and political genealogy of uncertainty in China’s design process has not been significantly investigated. Building on the Foucauldian notion of apparatus, this paper unpacks the condition of uncertainty in Shanghai’s experimental architecture design practice and examines the formal and informal negotiations of power emerging among the diverse actors taking part in this process. Those include conflicts between governments at different levels, the contingency of the market demands, overlapping roles of design consultants, dynamics of cultural capital within the academic institutions. Based on methods of participant observation of experimental architecture ateliers in Shanghai, this analysis conveys that the Chinese Identity of architecture, the center of experimental architect’s design research, emerges as a consequence of the dynamics of the apparatus rather than from an a-priori formal determinism.
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Treese, Sebastian, and Julia Treese. "Habits and Contradictions: Donkwall 5 & Peterstrasse 19 - 21, Kempen, North Rhine-Westphalia." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 3 (November 8, 2022): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi3.584.
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With their playfully pragmatic design for Donkwall, Sebastian Treese Architects has shown a possible way of building in the context of a medieval town while fulfilling the economic requirements of contemporary urban redevelopment. The project as built is informed by and adapted to the old town of Kempen, and its deliberate contradictions and inconsistencies are a sincere response to the pre-existing scale.
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Makarinov, Vassil, and Theodore Karakolev. "Bulgarian Architectural Modernism, German Influences, and Industrial Architecture." Sledva : Journal for University Culture, no. 40 (April 7, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/sledva.20.40.7.
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Celebrating the 100th anniversary of Bauhaus school, a team of researchers from “Bulgarian Modernist Architecture” examined archives of German technical universities where Bulgarian architects studied in the first half of the 20th century. The archives in Munich, Berlin and Dresden have preserved the names and records of hundreds of Bulgarian architects from the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s. Their education, university professors, the environment in which they were formed (exhibitions, artistic trends and events) including Bauhaus connections, and how all of these informed the architecture in our country between the two world wars were among the questions explored by the researchers Vassil Makarinov and Theodore Karakolev. After the research in Germany, the team also plans to delve in the industrial architecture from the interwar period - a topic that is poorly known in our country.
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Marinic, Gregory, and Ziad Qureshi. "Interstitial Occupancies: From Industrialization to Informal Urbanism in Monterrey, Mexico." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 16, no. 4 (August 9, 2017): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341444.
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As the third largest city in Mexico, Monterrey is a manufacturing hub that offers a provocative counterpoint to industrial cities in developed countries. Suburban sprawl, political instability, violence, social injustice, and de-industrialization illustrate increasing fragmentation—or terrain vague—where the conventional urban fabric unravels and less formal occupancies unfold. Defined by Catalan architect and theorist Ignasi Solà-Morales, terrain vague is expressed through obsolescence and various organic practices that react to depopulation and under-productivity. Investigating production and city-building, this article positions post-industrial Monterrey as a place of difference reflecting hybridized Latin American and American normative conditions. It surveys processes of industrialization and changing technology to situate iconic European and American architectural and urban precedents as forerunners of similar conditions in Monterrey.
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Gösta, Alexander, André Agi, Jacob Flårback, Jesper Karlsson, and Ellen Simonsson. "Data-Informed Urban Design: An Overview of the Use of Data and Digital Tools in Urban Planning and Design." Built Environment 46, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 620–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.46.4.620.
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This article aims to map how different digital tools can be useful for architects and how they might affect their work processes. Researchers and professionals were interviewed to investigate what they found valuable to measure, which methods they used within their analyses, as well as the opportunities and risks they see for the future of the field with regards to digital tools. As part of the survey, a workshop was held with architects and project managers examining the possibilities of connecting existing methods and tools to the sustainability certification system, City Lab Action Guide, and through that, to achieve a more ambitious set of sustainability goals for the projects. Findings from the study indicate that there are risks associated with giving data an increasingly important role in the design work. A working model never provides the full truth but is inherently limited by its constraints. It is important to acknowledge that all angles and aspects of a problem can never be represented in a model. Another possible risk identified lies in the quality of, and access to, data. In a scenario where data plays an increasingly important role, it is not only the quality of the datasets that is of utmost importance, but it is equally important that the urban planners who request the analyses ask the questions first, and then collect the necessary data, instead of vice versa.
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Bashier, Fathi. "A Methodology for Architecture Theory and Practices Research: Design Practices Evaluation Studio." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p195.
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This article presents the initial findings of the design research carried out during the last semester by the master of architecture students at Wollega University, Ethiopia. The research goal is the creation of new knowledge to improve the design process. The dissatisfaction with the outcomes of the conventional design approach has led to rising concern and growing awareness of the need to evaluate design outcomes and to learn from the failure. That inadequate understanding of design problems leads frequently to design failure suggests that the evaluation of design outcomes can be made by assessing the way architects develop understanding of design problems, and how they use that understanding for developing knowledge base of the design process. The assumption is that architects’ understanding of design problems can be assessed by examining the way data is used for developing the knowledge base of the design process. The students surveyed the architects’ views in order to produce knowledge, which can be used to develop methods for discovering how inadequate data contributes to miss-informed design decisions; and methods for assessing the architects’ understanding of design problems. In this article the survey findings are analyzed and documented; and, the way the insight drawn from the inquiry can be used in future research for developing design theory, is discussed.Keywords: design outcomes, failure, evaluation, questionnaire, analyze
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Walker, Matthew F. "The limits of collaboration: Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren and the designing of the monument to the great fire of London." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 65, no. 2 (February 16, 2011): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2010.0092.
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This article showcases my recent research into the professional relationship between Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke, two of the early Royal Society's most prominent scientists and architects. There has been a recent tendency in architectural history to see Wren and Hooke as informal architectural collaborators, the co-designers of several important works in post-fire London. These include Greenwich Royal Observatory, the rebuilt parish churches in the City of London and, most prominently, the recently restored Monument to the Great Fire of London. In this article I argue that this reading of their relationship is a problematic one, ultimately dependent on an equally problematic account of their friendship. To do so I explore Wren and Hooke's professional relationship with regard to the Monument. I show, using new evidence, that their roles in the designing of the column have been misunderstood and that the final design can now be attributed to Hooke alone. Rather than being informal collaborators, Wren and Hooke did not stray from their duties as Royal Surveyor and City Surveyor, respectively, and Wren's contribution to the commissioning and designing of the Monument was as a consultant and ratifier only. In this respect their professional relationship as architects differed from their work as Royal Society scientists, in which informal collaboration was not only permissible but also encouraged. Overall, this conclusion has significant implications for our understanding of Wren and Hooke's careers as architects and sheds new light on one of early modern England's most important buildings.
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Jewkes, Yvonne, Melanie Jordan, Serena Wright, and Gillian Bendelow. "Designing ‘Healthy’ Prisons for Women: Incorporating Trauma-Informed Care and Practice (TICP) into Prison Planning and Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 3818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203818.
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There has been growing acknowledgment among scholars, prison staff and policy-makers that gender-informed thinking should feed into penal policy but must be implemented holistically if gains are to be made in reducing trauma, saving lives, ensuring emotional wellbeing and promoting desistance from crime. This means that not only healthcare services and psychology programmes must be sensitive to individuals’ trauma histories but that the architecture and design of prisons should also be sympathetic, facilitating and encouraging trauma-informed and trauma-sensitive practices within. This article problematises the Trauma-Informed Care and Practice (TICP) initiatives recently rolled out across the female prison estate, arguing that attempts to introduce trauma-sensitive services in establishments that are replete with hostile architecture, overt security paraphernalia, and dilapidated fixtures and fittings is futile. Using examples from healthcare and custodial settings, the article puts forward suggestions for prison commissioners, planners and architects which we believe will have novel implications for prison planning and penal practice in the UK and beyond.
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Brzuszek, Robert F., Richard L. Harkess, and Eric Stortz. "Perceptions of the Importance of Plant Material Knowledge by Practicing Landscape Architects in the Southeastern United States." HortTechnology 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.1.126.
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This study evaluates the attitudes and perceptions of practicing landscape architects in the southeastern United States with regards to the importance of horticultural knowledge for their profession. A 20-question survey instrument was mailed to 120 landscape architects who were listed as members of the American Society of Landscape Architects. The survey included various questions related to education and experience of the respondents and their peers with plants. The response rate was 52.5% (n = 63) and the majority of respondents were seasoned landscape architects in the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida that primarily served residential and commercial markets. The results from this study showed that the population of respondents strongly felt that plant knowledge is an important part of their professional skills, and recent graduates of landscape architecture and the profession as a whole appear more distanced from having strong plant expertise. Despite the increasing challenges for more formal plant education, there continues to be a need for both formal and informal extended education classes.
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Boncz, Peter. "Technical Perspective DIAMetrics." ACM SIGMOD Record 50, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3471485.3471491.
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Benchmarking database systems has a long and successful history in making industrial database systems comparable, and is also a cornerstone of quantifiable experimental data systems research. Creating good benchmarks has been described as something of an art [3]. One can inspire dataset and workload design from"representative" use cases queries, typically informed by domain experts; but also exploit technical insights from database architects in what features, operations, and data distributions should come together in order to invoke a particularly challenging task1.
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Stewart, Raphaëlle, Faheem Ali, Casper Boks, and Niki Bey. "Architect, Catalyst, Advocate, and Prophet: A Four-Lens View of Companies to Support Ecodesign Integration." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 3432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103432.
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Companies are increasingly expected to develop products with better environmental performance throughout their life cycle. Academic literature on ecodesign integration, which investigates firms’ practices of dealing with environmental concerns associated with their products, indicates a need for more focus on formal and informal organizational aspects. From the general management literature, the four-lens view of organizations provides a rich understanding of organizations by embracing their formal (structural lens) and informal (human, political and symbolic lenses) functioning. This article aims to explore the extent to which the four-lens view may support ecodesign integration in companies. This exploratory study builds on fifteen interviews about ecodesign integration at seven manufacturing companies in Denmark and Norway. The main results are threefold: (i) the different lenses of organizations could be found in measures mentioned at the case companies; (ii) measures from the architect’s perspective seemed necessary to provide an official scene for ecodesign and help prioritizing it in organizations; and (iii) the catalyst’s, advocate’s, and prophet’s perspectives seemed necessary to facilitate or complement the architect’s perspective. In the light of these findings, the four-lens view seems relevant to strengthen ecodesign integration, and its potential use as a reflective tool is an avenue for future work.
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Cole, Karen A. "Walking Around: Getting More from Informal Assessment." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 4, no. 4 (January 1999): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.4.4.0224.
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AS A TEACHER, YOU ARE ALWAYS ASsessing your students. You walk around as they work on tasks or projects, observing groups, conversing with students, spot-teaching concepts and skills, and checking for understanding. This article describes similar work done through the Middle School Math through Applications Project (MMAP)—a comprehensive, project-based middle school mathematics curriculum project funded by the National Science Foundation. Its units are based on engaging scenarios in which students take the role of such mathematicsusing professionals as architects, biologists, and cartographers. We asked ourselves, “How can we organize this natural process to make better use of the precious information we get through informal contact with students?” We discuss some valuable techniques that MMAP teachers and researchers developed for organizing informal assessment so that it produces a coherent story of student progress; helps students make more progress with greater focus; and complements other types of embedded assessments, such as journal writing.