Academic literature on the topic 'Informatique Granulaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Informatique Granulaire":
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Tan, Chang, Qian Wang, and Fengmin Li. "Effects of microplastics on granular sludge: A review." E3S Web of Conferences 536 (2024): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453602022.
Abstract:
Biogranules are recently regarded as promising methods with intensive density and satisfying settleability for waste treatment and resource recovery. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were regarded as “sinks” for Microplastics (MPs) and amount of MPs entrapped in the sludge. MPs have been reported to harm the granular characteristics and wastewater treatment efficiency. Previous research stated that the harmful effect on granular sludge is closely associated with the sizes and concentrations of MPs. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive summary of granular characteristics variation and further investigation of its influential mechanisms for treatment capability. This work gives informative clues for the regulation mechanisms, especially the microorganisms’ response after the exposure of MPs, and provides fundamentals for stable operation and risk control strategies using granular sludge in treating microplastics containing wastewater.
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Jia, Shengxin, and Veronica J. Santos. "Tactile Perception for Teleoperated Robotic Exploration within Granular Media." ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459996.
Abstract:
The sense of touch is essential for locating buried objects when vision-based approaches are limited. We present an approach for tactile perception when sensorized robot fingertips are used to directly interact with granular media particles in teleoperated systems. We evaluate the effects of linear and nonlinear classifier model architectures and three tactile sensor modalities (vibration, internal fluid pressure, fingerpad deformation) on the accuracy of estimates of fingertip contact state. We propose an architecture called the Sparse-Fusion Recurrent Neural Network (SF-RNN) in which sparse features are autonomously extracted prior to fusing multimodal tactile data in a fully connected RNN input layer. The multimodal SF-RNN model achieved 98.7% test accuracy and was robust to modest variations in granular media type and particle size, fingertip orientation, fingertip speed, and object location. Fingerpad deformation was the most informative modality for haptic exploration within granular media while vibration and internal fluid pressure provided additional information with appropriate signal processing. We introduce a real-time visualization of tactile percepts for remote exploration by constructing a belief map that combines probabilistic contact state estimates and fingertip location. The belief map visualizes the probability of an object being buried in the search region and could be used for planning.
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Vannecke, Thomas P. W., George Wells, Nathalie Hubaux, Eberhard Morgenroth, and Eveline I. P. Volcke. "Considering microbial and aggregate heterogeneity in biofilm reactor models: how far do we need to go?" Water Science and Technology 72, no. 10 (July 22, 2015): 1692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.389.
Abstract:
A model describing a given system should be as simple as possible – but not simpler. The appropriate level of complexity depends both on the type of system and on the intended use of the model. This paper addresses the critical question of which purposes justify increased complexity of biofilm (reactor) models. Additional model features compared to conventional models considered are: (1) the inclusion of microbial diversity, distinguishing between different species performing the same function; and (2) the distinction between flocs and granules in putatively granular sludge reactors. With a multispecies model considering interspecies diversity, it was demonstrated that a given macroscopic reactor performance does not necessarily reflect steady state conditions on the microscale. In a second case study, it was shown that the addition of a small level of flocs can have a significant impact on macroscale process performance and on microbial population and activity distributions in granular sludge reactors. It was concluded that increased complexity in biofilm models, concerning microbial diversity or mesoscale aggregate architecture, is likely more useful when the focus is on understanding fundamental microscale outputs, but under specific conditions, these additional model features can be critically informative for bulk reactor behavior prediction and general understanding.
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Belyaeva, I. Yu, L. A. Ostrovsky, and V. Yu Zaitsev. "Microstructure induced nonlinearity of unconsolidated rocks as related to seismic diagnostic problems." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 4, no. 1 (March 31, 1997): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-4-1-1997.
Abstract:
Abstract. Manifestations of the so-called structure induced nonlinearity are considered for the case of a granular medium, the latter being a generally accepted model of nonconsolidated rocks in seismics. The consideration is carried out using the medium model in the form of the "ideal" random packing of spherical elastic granules in which the interparticle space can be filled with a fluid. A physical equation of such a medium is derived; the dependencies of nonlinear parameters on the grain material elastic moduli, the fluid compressibility and the initial medium strain are analyzed. The influence of defects in nonideal grain packings (that is, the presence of a fraction of unloaded intergranular contacts) upon the nonlinear properties of the medium is investigated. It is shown that the packing nonideality has the stronger effect on higher-order nonlinear properties. It is demonstrated that the nonlinear parameters may be used in exploration seismology as a much more sensitive and informative characteristic compared with conventionally used linear moduli.
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Timofeeva, L. A., M. G. Tukhbatullin, and A. N. Sencha. "Ultrasonic Elastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodular Patholog." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 26, no. 4 (September 15, 2019): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2019-26-4-45-55.
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Aim.In this study, we set out to determine the informative value of multi-parametric ultrasound examination using ultrasound elastography in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodular neoplasms.Materialsand methods. We analysed 229 multi-parametric ultrasound examinations of patients in the preoperative period in order to assess the effectiveness of strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) drawing on the example of ARFI and Strain Ratio. Two patient groups were formed. The fi rst group (N1=93) included patients with thyroid cancer, whereas the second one (N2=136) was composed of patients with benign thyroid nodules (thyroid adenoma and follicular or colloid goitre). The control group consisted of 174 patients with unchanged thyroid parenchyma. SE visualised tissue elasticity as a colour map. Shear wave elastography (SWE) — ARFI and Strain Ratio techniques — was performed using the following ultrasonic apparatuses: Acuson S-2000 (Siemens, Germany), Ultrasonix SP (Sonix, Canada) and Mindray DC-8 (Mindray, China).Results.According to the obtained data (SE technique), the parenchyma of the unchanged thyroid gland exhibited heterogeneous, uneven fi ne / moderately granular, symmetrical staining (96.6%). Thyroid cancer was characterised by a shear wave velocity (ARFI) of greater than 3.57 m/s, as well as a density ratio (elasticity modulus and Strain Ratio) of more than 1.56.Conclusion.The study revealed that the application of ultrasound elastography is highly informative in the comprehensive diagnosis of thyroid nodular neoplasms and should be used when thyroid cancer is suspected to ascertain the size of nodules, as well as the tumour invasion into surrounding tissues.
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Hung, Tawny, Richard Ian Crawford, and Magdalena Martinka. "Degree of Histologic Inflammation in Lupus Erythematosus and Direct Immunofluorescence Results: Red and Inflamed Lesions Do Not Increase the Chances of Getting a Bright Band." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 17, no. 1 (January 2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2012.12032.
Abstract:
Background: In the diagnostic work-up of lupus erythematosus (LE), direct immunofluoresence (DIF) examination could be helpful. Classically, clinically red lesions are targeted by clinicians in the hope of yielding an informative DIF result. However, the investigative correlation between the degree of inflammation and DIF positivity has never been published in the literature. Objective: In this study, we sought to discover if histologically inflamed lesions correlated with DIF positivity results. Method: We studied 112 lesions histologically consistent with LE and correlated the degree of histologic inflammation on the DIF hematoxylin and eosin-stained biopsy with DIF positivity. The degree and location of the inflammation, as well as the involvement of the dermoepidermal interface, were documented. Results: A positive lupus band test was defined as the presence of either (1) granular IgG alone ± other immunoglobulins and/or C3 or (2) granular IgM or Ig A plus other immunoglobulins ± C3. Fifty-four of 112 (48%) cases had positive DIF (DIF+) results, 26 of 112 (23%) had negative DIF (DIF-) results, and 32 of 112 (29%) had nonspecific DIF patterns. Of the DIF+ cases, 41 of 54 (76%) showed some degree of inflammation, whereas 25 of 26 (96%) DIF- cases had inflammation ( p − .60). Most of the biopsies in the study (85%) were inflamed, but the degree and location of the inflammation had no influence on DIF+ results. The intensity of the DIF+ band further failed to show any relationship with the degree of inflammation. Conclusion: The level of inflammatory activity in a clinical lesion fails to correlate with DIF positivity. Furthermore, other common histopathologic findings of LE are not predictive of DIF results.
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Fasan, Annette, Wolfgang Kern, Claudia Haferlach, Torsten Haferlach, and Susanne Schnittger. "STAT3 Mutations in Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1606.1606.
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Abstract Abstract 1606 Introduction: Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGL leukemia) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of increased numbers of LGL cells in the peripheral blood. Discrimination of LGL leukemia and reactive T-cell processes is difficult and a matter of controversial discussion. Very recently, somatic STAT3 mutations located in the Src homology 2 domain (SH2 domain) have been described with a high frequency of 40% in T-cell LGL (T-LGL) leukemia (Koskela et al., 2012) and 30% in chronic NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD-NK) (Jerez et al., Blood 2012) enabling the distinction of truly malignant lymphoproliferative diseases involving T- and NK- cells from reactive processes. Aim: Analysis of frequency and prognostic impact of STAT3 mutations in a cohort of 65 patients with LGL leukemia in comparison to 88 cases with other T-cell malignancies (70 non-LGL T-cell lymphoma and 18 with T-ALL) and 47 cases with non detectable lymphoma as a validation study for the usefulness of this new marker in diagnostics. Patients and Methods: Screening for STAT3 mutations was performed by direct Sanger sequencing of SH2 domain containing exon 21 in a total cohort of 65 patients with LGL leukemia (T-LGL leukemia: n=62; CLPD-NK: n=3). The detection limit of this analysis was 1:10 allowing the detection of 1 mutated in a background of 10 wildtype alleles. T-cell receptor (TCR) rearrangements were assessed by multiplex PCR with subsequent fragment analysis. Diagnosis of T-LGL leukemia was based on the following WHO criteria: a monoclonal T-cell receptor (TCR)-Rearrangement, the presence of an abnormal CTL population with expression of CD3, CD8 and CD57 detected by flow cytometry and LGL count by peripheral blood smear of >2×109/L (however, cases with LGL < 2×109/L but which met all other criteria were counted as consistent with the diagnosis T-LGL leukemia). Each patient must have met at least two of these criteria to be included into the study. Diagnosis of CLPD-NK was equally based on WHO criteria. The cohort was composed of 28 males and 37 females. Median age was 65.5 years (range: 38.2 to 89.7 years). For comparison, we analyzed 88 cases with other T-cell malignancies (70 with non-LGL T-cell lymphoma and 18 cases with T-ALL) and 47 cases with non detectable lymphoma. Results: Overall, in 39/62 T-LGL leukemia cases (62.9%) STAT3 mutations were detected. All mutations were point mutations. 7 different mutations were observed, with Tyr640Phe (n=16) and Asp661Tyr (n=12) accounting for 71.8% of all mutations detected. One patient harbored two mutations (Asn647Ile and Tyr640Phe). There was no association of STAT3 mutations with age, gender, leukocyte count, hemoglobin level and platelet count in T-LGL leukemia cases. In 50 T-LGL leukemia cases immunophenotyping data was available and cases with STAT3 mutations (n=31) had a higher expression of CD3 (75±20% vs. 50±37%, p<0.0015) and TCRαβ (68±18% vs. 44±19%, p<0.001) as well as lower expression of CD56 (7±8% vs. 25±26%, p=0.009) compared to STAT3 wildtype cases. Of note, all STAT3 mutated cases had a detectable TCR rearrangement at molecular level. Furthermore, of three analyzed CLPD-NK cases, two patients harbored STAT3 mutations (66.7%). Interestingly, one patient had an insertion of one aa (Tyr657dup), a mutation not observed in our T-LGL leukemias. However, due to the limited CLPD-NK cases available, the validity of this data is constricted. Of note, no STAT3 mutations were identified in the cohort of 135 cases diagnosed with non-LGL T-cell lymphoma, T-ALL or non detectable lymphoma. We were also interested whether STAT3 mutations were of any prognostic impact for T-LGL leukemia patients. However, due to limited follow-up information and the generally good prognosis of LGL leukemia, survival analysis was not informative yet. Conclusions: We were able to confirm the presence of STAT3 mutations in T-LGL as published by Koskela et al., 2012, with an even higher frequency of 62.9%. The discovery of STAT3 mutations in T-LGL leukemia has significant diagnostic value since it allows with high specificity to distinguish LGL leukemia from other T-cell lymphomas and reactive conditions. This can strongly support immunophenotyping and morphology in diagnosing T-LGL leukemia. Regarding CLPD-NK STAT3 mutations significantly improve diagnostic capabilities, which have been hampered by the scarcity of genetic markers in this entity. Disclosures: Fasan: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Kern:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership. Schnittger:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership.
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Kao, Szu-Yu Zoe, M. Shane Tutwiler, Donatus U. Ekwueme, and Benedict I. Truman. "Better data for decision-making through Bayesian imputation of suppressed provisional COVID-19 death counts." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 3, 2023): e0288961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288961.
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Purpose To facilitate use of timely, granular, and publicly available data on COVID-19 mortality, we provide a method for imputing suppressed COVID-19 death counts in the National Center for Health Statistic’s 2020 provisional mortality data by quarter, county, and age. Methods We used a Bayesian approach to impute suppressed COVID-19 death counts by quarter, county, and age in provisional data for 3,138 US counties. Our model accounts for multilevel data structures; numerous zero death counts among persons aged <50 years, rural counties, early quarters in 2020; highly right-skewed distributions; and different levels of data granularity (county, state or locality, and national levels). We compared three models with different prior assumptions of suppressed COVID-19 deaths, including noninformative priors (M1), the same weakly informative priors for all age groups (M2), and weakly informative priors that differ by age (M3) to impute the suppressed death counts. After the imputed suppressed counts were available, we assessed three prior assumptions at the national, state/locality, and county level, respectively. Finally, we compared US counties by two types of COVID-19 death rates, crude (CDR) and age-standardized death rates (ASDR), which can be estimated only through imputing suppressed death counts. Results Without imputation, the total COVID-19 death counts estimated from the raw data underestimated the reported national COVID-19 deaths by 18.60%. Using imputed data, we overestimated the national COVID-19 deaths by 3.57% (95% CI: 3.37%-3.80%) in model M1, 2.23% (95% CI: 2.04%-2.43%) in model M2, and 2.96% (95% CI: 2.76%-3.16%) in model M3 compared with the national report. The top 20 counties that were most affected by COVID-19 mortality were different between CDR and ASDR. Conclusions Bayesian imputation of suppressed county-level, age-specific COVID-19 deaths in US provisional data can improve county ASDR estimates and aid public health officials in identifying disparities in deaths from COVID-19.
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Hefni, Yasser Kamal. "Hydrophobic Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites for Consolidation and Protection of Quartzite Sculptures: A Case Study." Journal of Nano Research 63 (June 2020): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.63.64.
Abstract:
Quartzite sculptures are considered some of the most impressive and informative archaeological remains which have been found in the most of Egyptian archaeological sites. Regrettably, quartzite sculptures suffer from many deterioration aspects such as granular disintegration, scaling, cracking, efflorescence, soiling, microbiological colonization. Water is the main aggressive deterioration factor of stones and stone-based monuments, as in addition to its direct role in deterioration mechanisms, it plays as a catalyst in the physicochemical and microbiological deterioration processes.During the last two decades, polymer nanocomposites have widely been applied in the field of cultural heritage conservation due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are among the most important semiconductive nanomaterials that have been applied in the fabrication of nanocomposites. They have been demonstrated to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymers. In addition, zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with polymers in order to fabricate superhydrophobic and self-cleaning protective materials.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanocomposites, in order to select the best of them for the consolidation and protection of a colossal quartzite statue of Ramesses II. The properties of the treated quartzite samples were comparatively examined by colourimetric measurements, static water contact angle, compressive strength, and scanning electron microscope.
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Gresser, Melissa, Dominik Brehl, Marc David Rabe, and Bernard Bäker. "Optimization of the Design of Diagnostic Systems through Requirement-Based Feature Selection." International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (June 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeee.9.2.26-35.
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The classification of faults based on available diagnostic information in large complex mechatronic systems is a well-studied research subject. One challenge is the classification of faults with missing or ambiguous diagnostic information present. In real-world applications, this has the effect of misclassified faults, resulting in costly replacements of functional components. As even the acquisition of diagnostic information is afflicted with costs and part of the diagnostic functions are mandatory, the design of diagnostic content at an early system development stage is essential. The paper presents a procedure to automatically allocate a set of diagnostic functions for a complex mechatronic system that is informative and low in costs. It proposes a granular graph structure called the Diagnostic Cover Graph (DCG) to represent the system functionalities and the respective diagnostic functions. The DCG can represent restrictions on the availability of functionalities, restrictions on the executability of diagnostic functions and potential interdependence between them. On its basis, a decision table is generated, and a minimal test cost feature selection method such as the Test-Cost-Sensitive Quick Reduct (TCSQR) is conducted. The approach guarantees the proposal of a close-to-optimal subset of diagnostic functions. The capability of the presented procedure is demonstrated for the vehicle brake system for several diagnostic scenarios.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Informatique Granulaire":
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Buisson, Alexandre. "Implémentation efficace d'un codeur vidéo hiérarchique granulaire sur une architecture à processeurs multimedia." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10083.
Abstract:
CE MEMOIRE TRAITE DE L'INTEGRATION DES TECHNIQUES DE CODAGE VIDEO PAR MAILLAGES DANS DES SCHEMAS DE CODAGE ET DE LA MISE EN ADEQUATION DE CES ALGORITHMES AVEC UNE ARCHITECTURE MULTI-PROCESSEURS PENTIUM. L'AUGMENTATION CROISSANTE DES CAPACITES DES RESEAUX S'AVERE INSUFFISANTE, FACE A LA MULTIPLICATION DES DONNEES MISES EN CIRCULATION. DE CE FAIT, POUR L'ENSEMBLE DES MEDIA ET EN PARTICULIER POUR LA VIDEO, LES TRES BAS DEBITS RESTENT TOUJOURS UN OBJECTIF MAJEUR. AFIN D'ATTEINDRE CEUX-CI, LES ALGORITHMES DE CODAGE D'IMAGES ET DE VIDEO BASES MAILLAGES SEMBLENT PERTINENTS. CEPENDANT UNE SOLUTION DE CODAGE VIDEO UNIQUEMENT BASEE MAILLAGE RESTE INEXPLOITABLE ET IMMATURE A L'HEURE ACTUELLE. DE CE FAIT, IL SEMBLE JUDICIEUX D'ENVISAGER LEUR USAGE PAR LE BIAIS D'UNE HYBRIDATION AVEC UN CODEUR ROBUSTE. DE PLUS, LA COMPLEXITE DE CES ALGORITHMES ETANT IMPORTANTE, LEUR IMPLEMENTATION EFFICACE REPRESENTE UN POINT CRITIQUE. ON EXPLORE DONC LES TECHNIQUES A METTRE EN OEUVRE POUR AMELIORER LES PERFORMANCES DE CEUX-CI SUR UNE ARCHITECTURE MULTI-PENTIUM. LE CHAPITRE 1 DE CE MEMOIRE PRESENTE UN ETAT DE L'ART DETAILLE DES SOLUTIONS DE CODAGE PAR MAILLAGES. LE CHAPITRE 2 PRESENTE QUANT A LUI, UNE ETUDE CONCERNANT l'INTEGRATION DES MAILLAGES DANS UN MECANISME D'INTERPOLATION TEMPORELLE DE TRAME. LE CHAPITRE 3 DECRIT UN CERTAIN NOMBRE D'OPTIMISATIONS ALGORITHMIQUES. LE CHAPITRE 4 S'INTERESSE A NOTRE PLATEFORME DE DEVELOPPEMENT. LES CHAPITRES 5 ET 6 PROPOSENT DES OPTIMISATIONS ALGORITHMIQUES POUR PERMETTRE UNE EXPLOITATION EFFICACE DE LA PLATEFORME. ENFIN, LE CHAPITRE 6 DECRIT UNE INTEGRATION DES MAILLAGES DANS UNE SOLUTION DE CODAGE H26L. GRACE AUX OPTIMISATIONS DEVELOPPEES, ON A DEMONTRE QUE DES PERFORMANCES QUASI TEMPS-REELLES SONT ENVISAGEABLES. DE PLUS, LES HYBRIDATIONS AVEC UN CODEUR ROBUSTE CONFIRMENT LEURS CAPACITES SOUS-JACENTES A REDUIRE LES COUTS DE CODAGE ET A AMELIORER LA QUALITE PERÇUE DES VIDEOS.
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Hbeich, Elio. "Vérificateur Règlementaire Sémantique et Multi-échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCK105.
Abstract:
Le contrôle des maquettes bâtiments (BIM) a commencé par le vérificateur MvdXML (Fahad et al., 2018; Moult & Krijnen, 2020; Weise et al., 2015). Cependant, ce dernier avait plusieurs limitations comme l'absence d'analyses géométriques et de mécanisme de raisonnement. Afin de les surmonter, les travaux du CSTB publiés par (Bus, Fahad, et al., 2018) proposent une approche basée sur les technologies du Web sémantique pour la vérification les modèles BIM vis-à-vis des règles d'incendies. Cette approche prend en compte que des données mono-sources (celles du bâtiment) et ne traite que les règles de construction interne du bâtiment.De plus, les travaux réalisés par le CSTB (Bouzidi et al., 2012; Emani, 2016) se focalisent sur les règles qui vérifient une condition (propriété). Une propriété peut être une relation entre deux éléments, ou une caractéristique d'un élément. Par exemple, le regard doit être placé à la limite du domaine privé, la hauteur du bâtiment ne doit pas dépasser 55m. Une règle complexe est une règle qui vérifie plusieurs propriétés en même temps. L'analyse des règles urbaines montre que les règles sont textuelles, ambigues, complexes, multi-échelles et ont besoin d'un grand nombre de données hétérogènes isolées.Mes travaux se focalisent sur l'extension de cette vérification de l'échelle bâtiment à l'échelle urbaine, dans un champ d'application concernant le système d'alimentation d'eau. Dans ce contexte ma thèse vise à spécifier une ontologie intégrant les connaissances des experts métiers (traduction des règles en langage logique) et les données hétérogènes (BIM et SIG). Cette ontologie sera utilisée pour vérifier les règles sur plusieurs niveaux de vérification (département, ville, quartier et bâtiment). Pour chaque niveau de vérification nous concevons un niveau d'abstraction contenant les connaissances nécessaires à vérifier, cela est fait à travers l'adaptation de la notion d'indiscernabilité de Hobbs sur l'ontologieBuilding model inspection (BIM) began with the MvdXML verifier (Fahad et al., 2018; Moult & Krijnen, 2020; Weise et al., 2015). However, the latter had several limitations such as the absence of geometric analysis and a reasoning mechanism. To overcome these, CSTB work published by (Bus, Fahad, et al., 2018) proposes an approach based on semantic web technologies for verifying BIM models against fire rules. This approach takes into account only single-source data (that of the building) and deals only with the building's internal construction rules.Furthermore, the work carried out by CSTB (Bouzidi et al., 2012; Emani, 2016) focuses on rules that verify a condition (property). A property can be a relationship between two elements, or a characteristic of an element. For example, the manhole must be placed at the limit of the private domain, and the height of the building must not exceed 55m. A complex rule is one that verifies several properties at the same time. Analysis of urban rules shows that they are textual, ambiguous, complex, multi-scale and require a large amount of isolated heterogeneous data.My work focuses on extending this verification from the building scale to the urban scale, in a field of application concerning the water supply system. In this context, my thesis aims to specify an ontology integrating the knowledge of business experts (translation of rules into logical language) and heterogeneous data (BIM and GIS). This ontology will be used to verify rules on several verification levels (department, city, district and building). For each verification level, we design a level of abstraction containing the necessary knowledge to be verified. This is done by adapting Hobbs' notion of indistinguishability to the ontology
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Müller, Didier. "Techniques informatiques efficaces pour la simulation de milieux granulaires par des méthodes d'éléments distincts /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1996. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1545.
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Moreschi, Vincent. "Etude et optimisation de la compacité de poudres inorganiques." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f830d09f-ec45-45a3-b44e-a1f6c3394d6e.
Abstract:
Ce travail entre dans le cadre d’un procédé industriel de compression à froid de poudres inorganiques. Ces poudres sont déposées en continu sur un ruban d’acier, qui est déformé mécaniquement de façon à créer une enveloppe cylindrique. Cette étude a pour objectif d’optimiser l’état de compaction de six poudres inorganiques différentes pour ce procédé particulier de mise en forme. Les analyses micrographiques de ces gaines mettent en évidence différents mécanismes de compaction en fonction de la nature des poudres. Ces micrographies en coupe révèlent un mécanisme prépondérant régissant lors du procédé : la fragmentation granulaire. L’amélioration des compacités aérées et tassées des empilements granulaires pour ces différentes poudres est ensuite étudiée selon deux méthodologies : modélisation de la réponse par les plans d’expériences et approche par les réseaux de neurones artificiels. La modélisation par les plans d’expériences a consisté à définir les mélanges optimums de trois classes granulométriques particulières. Elle met en évidence des mélanges granulaires particuliers plus propices à un empilement dense. La prédiction par les plans d’expériences des comportements aux compacités tassée, aérée et à l’indice de compressibilité s’avère dans l’ensemble positive. Il en résulte, pour certaines des poudres étudiées, des gains significatifs pouvant atteindre 12%. L’approche par les réseaux de neurones artificiels a permis d’étudier l’influence des proportions relatives de vingt trois classes granulométriques sur la compacité tassée. Les résultats de la prédiction du comportement à la compacité tassée par les réseaux de neurones engendrent un excellent coefficient de corrélation, que ce soit au niveau de la phase d’apprentissage du réseau, que de la phase de testThis work falls within the framework of an industrial process of inorganic powders cold compression. These powders are deposited on a continuous steel strip, which is distorted by mechanical profiling in order to create a cylindrical wire. This study aims to optimise the condition of compaction of six different inorganic powders for this particular process of shaping. The micrographic analyses of these wires indicate various compaction mechanisms depending on the nature of the powder. These characterisations reveal a main mechanism governing the process: the granular fragmentation. The improvement of aerated and taped compaction states of these various powder is then considered using two: modelling methods of the response, one by the design of experiments, the second by an artificial neural networks. The modelling by design of experiments was used to determine the optimal mixture of three size classes. It highlights some specific granular mixtures which conduct to some higher packing densities. The prediction by the design of experiments of the behaviour of taped and aerated compaction states and of the compressibility index is on the whole positive. As a result, for some of the considered powders, significant improvements up to 12% are obtained. An approach based on artificial neural networks is experimented to study the influence of the relative proportions of twenty three size classes on taped compaction state. This approach permit to fit very closely the response area
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Ding, Hui. "Level of detail for granular audio-graphic rendering : representation, implementation, and user-based evaluation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913624.
Abstract:
Real-time simulation of complex audio-visual scenes remains challenging due to the technically independent but perceptually related rendering process in each modality. Because of the potential crossmodal dependency of auditory and visual perception, the optimization of graphics and sound rendering, such as Level of Details (LOD), should be considered in a combined manner but not as separate issues. For instance, in audition and vision, people have perceptual limits on observation quality. Techniques of perceptually driven LOD for graphics have been greatly advanced for decades. However, the concept of LOD is rarely considered in crossmodal evaluation and rendering. This thesis is concentrated on the crossmodal evaluation of perception on audiovisual LOD rendering by psychophysical methods, based on that one may apply a functional and general method to eventually optimize the rendering. The first part of the thesis is an overview of our research. In this part, we review various LOD approaches and discuss concerned issues, especially from a crossmodal perceptual perspective. We also discuss the main results on the design, rendering and applications of highly detailed interactive audio and graphical scenes of the ANR Topophonie project, in which the thesis took place. A study of psychophysical methods for the evaluation on audio-visual perception is also presented to provide a solid knowledge of experimental design. In the second part, we focus on studying the perception of image artifacts in audio-visual LOD rendering. A series of experiments was designed to investigate how the additional audio modality can impact the visual detection of artifacts produced by impostor-based LOD. The third part of the thesis is focused on the novel extended-X3D that we designed for audio-visual LOD modeling. In the fourth part, we present a design and evaluation of the refined crossmodal LOD system. The evaluation of the audio-visual perception on crossmodal LOD system was achieved through a series of psychophysical experiments. Our main contribution is that we provide a further understanding of crossmodal LOD with some new observations, and explore it through perceptual experiments and analysis. The results of our work can eventually be used as the empirical evidences and guideline for a perceptually driven crossmodal LOD system.
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Saint-Cyr, Baptiste. "Modélisation des matériaux granulaires cohésifs à particules non convexes : Application à la compaction des poudres d'UO2." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660146.
Abstract:
On s'intéresse à la modélisation des matériaux granulaires composé d'agrégats non convexes et cohésifs en vue d'application à la rhéologie des poudres d'UO2 . L'influence du degré de non-convexité des particules est analysé en termes de grandeurs macroscopiques (frottement interne et cohésion de Coulomb) et de paramètres micro-mécaniques tels que l'anisotropie de la texture et la transmission des efforts. Il apparaît en particulier que la compacité évolue d'une manière complexe avec la non-convexité et que la résistance au cisaillement augmente mais sature sous l'effet d'imbrication entre agrégats. Des modèles simples sont introduits pour décrire ces comportements en termes de paramètres micro-mécaniques. De même, des études systématiques par cisaillement, compaction uniaxiale et compression simple montrent que la cohésion interne augmente avec la non-convexité mais est fortement contrôlée par les conditions aux limites et l'apparition de bandes de cisaillement ou de concentrations de contraintes.
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Rakotonirina, Andriarimina. "Fluid-solid interaction in a non-convex granular media : application to rotating drums and packed bed reactors." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN047/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse porte sur l'étude numérique des écoulements fluide-particules rencontrés dans l'industrie. Ces travaux se situent dans le cadre de la compréhension des phénomènes qui se déroulent dans des tambours tournants et réacteurs à lit fixe en présence de particules de forme non convexe. En effet, la forme des particules influence de manière importante la dynamique de ces milieux. A cet effet, nous nous sommes servis de la plateforme numérique parallèle Grans3D pour la dynamique des milieux granulaires et PeliGRIFF pour les écoulements multiphasiques. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous avons développé une nouvelle stratégie numérique qui permet de prendre en compte des particules de forme arbitrairement non convexe dans le solveur Grains3D. Elle consiste à décomposer une forme non convexe en plusieurs formes convexes quelconques. Nous avons nommé cette méthode « glued-convex ». Le modèle a été validé avec succès sur des résultats théoriques et expérimentaux de tambours tournants en présence de particules en forme de croix. Nous avons aussi utilisé le modèle pour simuler le chargement de réacteurs à lits fixes puis des lois de corrélation sur les taux de vide ont été déduites de nos résultats numériques. Dans ces travaux, nous avons aussi testé les performances parallèles de nos outils sur des simulations numériques à grande échelle de divers systèmes de particules convexes. La deuxième partie de cette thèse a été consacrée à l'extension du solveur PeliGRIFF à pouvoir prendre en compte la présence de particules multilobées (non convexes) dans des écoulements monophasiques. Une approche du type Simulation Numérique Directe, basée sur les Multiplicateurs de Lagrange Distribués / Domaine Fictif (DLM/FD), a alors été adoptée pour résoudre l'écoulement autour des particules. Une série d'études de convergence spatiale a été faite basée sur diverses configurations et divers régimes. Enfin, ces outils ont été utilisés pour simuler des écoulements au travers de lits fixes de particules de forme multi-lobée dans le but d'étudier l'influence de la forme des particules sur l'hydrodynamique dans ces lits. Les résultats ont montré une consistance avec les résultats expérimentaux disponibles dans la littératureNon convex granular media are involved in many industrial processes as, e.g., particle calcination/drying in rotating drums or solid catalyst particles in chemical reactors. In the case of optimizing the shape of catalysts, the experimental discrimination of new shapes based on packing density and pressure drop proved to be difficult due to the limited control of size distribution and loading procedure. There is therefore a strong interest in developing numerical tools to predict the dynamics of granular media made of particles of arbitrary shape and to simulate the flow of a fluid (either liquid or gas) around these particles. Non-convex particles are even more challenging than convex particles due to the potential multiplicity of contact points between two solid bodies. In this work, we implement new numerical strategies in our home made high-fidelity parallel numerical tools: Grains3D for granular dynamics of solid particles and PeliGRIFF for reactive fluid/solid flows. The first part of this work consists in extending the modelling capabilities of Grains3D from convex to non-convex particles based on the decomposition of a non-convex shape into a set of convex particles. We validate our numerical model with existing analytical solutions and experimental data on a rotating drum filled with 2D cross particle shapes. We also use Grains3D to study the loading of semi-periodic small size reactors with trilobic and quadralobic particles. The second part of this work consists in extending the modelling capabilities of PeliGRIFF to handle poly-lobed (and hence non-convex) particles. Our Particle Resolved Simulation (PRS) method is based on a Distributed Lagrange Multiplier / Fictitious Domain (DLM/FD) formulation combined with a Finite Volume / Staggered Grid (FV/SG) discretization scheme. Due to the lack of analytical solutions and experimental data, we assess the accuracy of our PRS method by examining the space convergence of the computed solution in assorted flow configurations such as the flow through a periodic array of poly-lobed particles and the flow in a small size packed bed reactor. Our simulation results are overall consistent with previous experimental work
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Dufresne, Yann. "Développement d’un solveur 3D massivement parallèle pour la prédiction d’écoulements granulaires réactifs en géométrie complexe DEM/CFD simulations of a pseudo-2D fluidized bed : comparison with experiments." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR15.
Abstract:
Les écoulements granulaires sont omniprésents dans l’industrie et mettent en jeu une grande variété d’échelles et de phénomènes physiques. Leur étude expérimentale est rendue complexe par le manque d’accès visuel, ce qui limite leur compréhension et leur prédictabilité. L’intérêt suscité par les simulations numériques pour l’étude de tels écoulements est grandissant, notamment dans un contexte d’augmentation des performances de calcul des machines parallèles. Aujourd’hui, les outils les plus adaptés à leur caractérisation sont des modèles à l’échelle macroscopique, où la phase solide est considérée continue,ce qui nécessite de nombreuses fermetures ad hoc. La méthode aux éléments discrets est capable d’apporter des données utiles à l’écriture de telles fermetures, en ceci qu’elle utilise moins d’hypothèses,considérant chaque particule individuellement. Couplée à un formalisme aux grandes échelles pour la phase fluide, elle permet de réaliser des bilans de quantité de mouvement et d’énergie sur chaque particule, et ainsi de représenter les collisions et les échanges thermiques, au prix d’une augmentation non négligeable du coût de calcul. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ces travaux est le développement d’un outil numérique autorisant l’étude de systèmes de taille semi-industrielle et de géométrie complexe. Un soin particulier est attaché à la mise au point d’un algorithme de traitement des collisions entre les particules sphériques et les parois de complexité arbitraire compatible avec les maillages non-structurés. Les performances parallèles du solveur sont également au cœur du sujet. Dans un paradigme parallèle utilisant la décomposition de domaine à deux niveaux, un algorithme permettant des échanges non-bloquants de messages uniques entre les processeurs est mis en place, comprenant également la possibilité d’effectuer une répartition dynamique de la charge de calcul durant la simulation. L’outil développé a été appliqué avec succès sur plusieurs configurations, parmi lesquelles un sablier témoignant de l’effet Janssen, un lit circulant avec boucle complète de recirculation comprenant un lit transporté et un cyclone, et un lit fluidisé anisotherme pseudo-2D figurant le refroidissement de billes de verre. Finalement, il a aussi permis de reproduire les observations expérimentales sur un lit fluidisé réactif réalisant la combustion de gaz naturel, comprenant cinquante millions de particules réparties sur deux mille processeursParticle-laden flows are ubiquitous in industry and feature multiple scales and physics. Their experimental study is made complex by the lack of visual access, thus limiting their understanding and predictability. The interest in numerical simulations to study such flows is growing, in particular in a context of computational power arising from parallel machines. Today, the most appropriate tools for their characterization are macro-scale models, where the solid phase is treated as a continuum, hence the need for ad hoc closures. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is able to provide useful data to the design of such closures, as it necessitates lesser hypothesis, considering each particle individually. Coupled with a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) framework, it enables to compute the momentum and energy balance on each particle, considering collisions and thermal exchanges, at the price of an increased computational time. In this context, the aim of this work is the development of a numerical tool allowing the study of realistic pilot scale systems involving complex geometries. Special care is given to the design of an algorithm for the treatment of spherical particles’ collisions with arbitrarily complex walls compatible with unstructured meshes. Parallel performances are at the heart of the subject as well. In a parallel paradigm of double domain decomposition, the design of an algorithm enabling non-blocking exchanges of unique messages between processors is carried out, also involving the possibility to achieve dynamic load balancing during simulations. The implemented solver was successfully applied to several configurations, among which an hourglass to recreate the Janssen effect, a full-loop circulating fluidized bed featuring a transported bed and a cyclone, and a non-isothermal pseudo-2D fluidized bed investigating the cooling of glass beads. Finally, it also reproduced experimental findings on a reactive fluidized bed performing natural gas combustion, gathering fifty million particles and running on two thousand cores
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Abdelfeteh, Sadok. "Formulation de matériaux de construction à base de sous-produits industriels avec des méthodes issues de l’intelligence artificielle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10077/document.
Abstract:
La question environnementale est désormais une préoccupation majeure pour les gouvernements et les industriels. La gestion efficace des déchets s’inscrit dans les actions prioritaires dans une optique d’économie circulaire. Cette gestion efficace préconise en premier lieu la valorisation maximale des déchets. Le domaine du génie civil est particulièrement concerné. La valorisation des matériaux alternatifs dans le domaine du génie civil connaît un essor important ces dernières années, toutefois cette pratique connait certaines limites, notamment le manque de réglementation claire et surtout le manque d’outils et méthodes de formulation adaptées et adaptables à l’utilisation des matériaux alternatifs. Dans ce contexte, le présent travail porte sur la mise en place de méthode de formulation de matériaux de construction à base de sous-produits industriels. Cette méthode hybride basée sur des outils de l’intelligence artificielle, combine les Algorithmes Génétique (AG) comme outils optimisation multiobjectifs et la Programmation Génétique (PG) dans ses deux versions, la PG classique et la MGGP (MultiGène Genetic Programming) comme outils de modélisation des problèmes complexes par Apprentissage Automatique (Machine Learning). La méthode de formulation des matériaux de construction à base de sous produits industriels, proposée dans ce travail a été testée sur deux cas d’étude (la formulation de bétons à hautes performances et la formulation de mortiers à base de matériaux alternatifs ou multi-déchets) et validée par des testes au laboratoire. Les résultats obtenus sont concluants et très prometteursThe environmental issue has become a major concern for governments and industry. Effective waste management is part of the priority actions in order to achieve a green circular economy. This efficient management imposes first maximum recovery of waste, knowing the large tonnage produced is different sectors. The field of civil engineering is particularly concerned. The valorization of alternative materials in the field of civil engineering has grown significantly in recent years. However, this practice knows some limitations, including the lack of clear regulations and especially the lack of tools and methods suitable for design of materials including alternatives materials. In this context, the present work focuses on the development of mix design method of building materials based on industrial by-products. This hybrid method combines the Genetic Algorithms (GA) as multi-objective optimization tools and Genetic Programming (GP) in its two versions, classical GP and MGGP (MultiGene Genetic Programming) as modeling tools for complex problems by Machine Learning approach. Specific studies were carried out also or these innovative tools, to demontrates benefits and weaknesses of these tools on these applications in civil engineering. Finally, this method of formulation of building materials based on industrial sub products proposed in this work was tested on two case studies (design of high performance concrete and mortars made of alternative materials) and validated by the laboratory tests. The results are conclusive and promising to generalize the method to other applications of Civil Engineering
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Quezada, Juan-Carlos. "Mécanismes de tassement du ballast et sa variabilité." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067945.
Abstract:
La dégradation géométrique de la voie ferrée sur les Lignes à Grande Vitesse (LGV) est un phénomène qui entraîne des coûts de maintenance importants pour assurer une qualité de circulation et de sécurité. Cette dégradation géométrique est imputable, en partie au tassement de la couche de ballast qui constitue l'une des parties de la voie ferrée. Le tassement du ballast est un phénomène difficile à estimer et à prédire car sa nature granulaire et ses caractéristiques particulières entraînent des variabilités de ses propriétés mécaniques. Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l'étude du comportement mécanique du ballast, pour le développement d'un modèle prédictif du tassement sur voie ferrée à partir de la caractérisation mécanique initiale du matériau (grâce à l'utilisation du pénétromètre léger Panda) et des sollicitations auxquelles la voie est soumise. Grâce à l'étude paramétrique développée sur un banc d'essais à échelle réelle, nous avons constitué et validé un modèle de prédiction qui est basé sur une loi de relaxation logarithmique. La modélisation numérique par éléments discrets en utilisant la méthode de la Dynamique des Contacts permet d'étudier les propriétés mécaniques du matériau ballast à l'échelle des grains. L'analyse des déformations transitoires montre une dépendance claire de la déformation moyenne par rapport à la contrainte appliquée et au rapport d'aspect en raison de l'action du frottement aux frontières. Les fluctuations de ces déformations, sont très importantes et semblent évoluer avec la déformation moyenne. Finalement, la pertinence de la caractérisation du ballast à partir de l'essai Panda a été vérifiée à partir d'une étude paramétrique sur les mécanismes d'enfoncement grâce à l'utilisation de cette approche numérique discrète.
Books on the topic "Informatique Granulaire":
1
Pal, Sankar K. Pattern recognition algorithms for data mining: Scalability, knowledge discovery and soft granular computing. Boca Raton, Fla: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2004.
2
RSFDGrC 2005 (2005 Regina, Sask.). Rough sets, fuzzy sets, data mining, and granular computing: 10th international conference, RSFDGrC 2005, Regina, Canada, August 31-September 3, 2005 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2005.
3
Duentsch, Ivo. Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing (vol. # 3641): 10th International Conference, RSFDGrC 2005, Regina, Canada, August 31 - September 3, 2005, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag., 2005.
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(Editor), Dominik Slezak, Guoyin Wang (Editor), Marcin Szczuka (Editor), Ivo Duentsch (Editor), and Yiyu Yao (Editor), eds. Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing: 10th International Conference, RSFDGrC 2005, Regina, Canada, August 31 - September 3, 2005, ... / Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence). Springer, 2005.
Book chapters on the topic "Informatique Granulaire":
1
Hardwick, Julie. "Sourcing Intimate Histories." In Sex in an Old Regime City, 18–42. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945183.003.0002.
Abstract:
The histories of intimate lives have proven very elusive, but a rich series of long misunderstood legal documents offers an informative window into the social world of young workers. Understanding the long, complex history of their misrepresentation uncovers a trove brimming with evidence. Young women’s paternity suits, usually mischaracterized as pregnancy declarations (déclarations de grossesse), provide a thick vein of evidence about all aspects of young couples’ intimacy. The testimonies of witnesses provide a granular texture about their experiences, and young women sometimes deposited as evidence other material that is almost never extant for working communities in the form of letters, love notes, and out-of-court settlements. They reveal the material culture of intimacy.