Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Information Value'
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1
Oesterlin, Ulf. "Value creation and value capture of advanced electricity meter information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65815.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112).
Advanced or smart metering has been a hot topic in the electricity community for several years. Despite the excitement about the technology, few business cases are actually able to justify the investment cost. One reason for the gap between costs and benefits is that major benefits such as avoided investments have long payback times and are difficult to monetize. However, another aspect which is largely overlooked is the value creation through nonelectricity market related business models. These business models range from advertising over customer profiling up to insurance or juridical usage of data gathered from advanced meters. This paper summarizes the finding of a number of studies on the value of smart meter information on electricity market related benefit and gives an overview of non-electricity market related business models. The paper gives quantitative estimates of the value for electricity related activities such as energy efficiency, avoided investment and dynamic pricing. In additional it provides a qualitative analysis of the value and barriers of nonelectricity market business activities. In addition to this the study also gives a short outlook on how this value might be captured and which players are best positioned to capture significant shares of the total created value.
by Ulf Oesterlin.
S.M.
2
Sheriff, Mohamed Abdul. "The value of information in organisations : a study of information use situations as contexts of value." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1577/.
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The notion that the value of information is significantly dependent on the context of use is widely accepted in information systems research. Context is however often conceived as given and exogenous to the use activity and hence beyond the control of the user. This study takes a dynamic and holistic view of context in which the purposes, processes and effects of information use are seen as inextricable from the structural and environmental factors that mediate such use in organisations. The concept of Information Use Situation (lUS) is employed to represent this view of context. An lUS framework is developed and used as a guide to explore, describe, and interpret a number of information use situations in four organisations in the service sector. The study draws on several context studies in information systems, work motivation and self-interest theories in social psychology, and a number of philosophical propositions on the nature of information and value, in highlighting the key features of the situations studied. The findings suggest that, in general, information use situations affect the value-in-use of information in at least three ways, by acting as filters, as mediators of use behaviour and as frames of reference for evaluating informational activities. The main contribution of this thesis to information systems research is in proposing and exploring the concept of information use situation as a more holistic view of context when studying the value of information in organisation. The thesis concludes that organisations need to recognise the diversity of information use situations they feature and to appreciate that the value of information depends significantly on the nature of the situation in which it is used. This requires managers to pay as much attention to the processes by which employees experience and appropriate information as to the quality of the formal information used if they are to realise the optimum value of their information resources.
3
Brennan, Alan. "Efficient Computation of Value of Information." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487609.
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This thesis is concerned with computation of expected value of information (EVI). The topic is important because EVI methodology is a rational, coherent framework for prioritising and planning the design of biomedical and clinical research studies that represent an enormous expenditure world-wide. At the start of my research few studies existed. During the course of the PhD, my own work and that of other colleagues has been published and the uptake of the developing methods is increasing. The thesis contains a review of early literature as well as of the the emerging studies over the 5 years since my first work was done in 2002 (Chapter 2). Methods to compute partial expected value of perfect information are developed and tested in illustrative cost-utility decision models with non-linear net benefit functions and correlated parameters. Evaluation using nested Monte Carlo simulations is investigated and the number of inner and outer simulations required is explored (Chapter 3). The computation of expected value of sample information using nested Monte Carlo simulations combined with Bayesian updating of model parameters with conjugate distributions given simulated data is examined (Chapter 4). In Chapter 5, the development of a novel Bayesian approximation for posterior expectations is given and this is applied and tested in the computation of EVSI for an illustrative model again with normally distributed parameters. The application is further extended to a non-conjugate proportional hazards Weibull distribution, a common circumstance for clinical trial concerned with survival or time to event data (Chapter 6). The application of the Bayesian approximation in the Weibull model is then tested against 4 other methods for estimating the Bayesian up- dated Weibull parameters including the computationally intensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach which could be considered the gold standard (Chapter 7). The result of the methodological developments in this thesis and the testing on case studies is that some new approaches to computing EVI are now a;vailable. In many models this will improve the efficiency of computation, making possible EVI calculations in some previously infeasible circumstances. In Chapter 8, I summarise the achievements made in this work, how they relate to that of other scholars and the research agenda which still faces us. I conclude with the firm hope that EVI methods will begin to provide decision makers with clearer support when deciding on investments in further research.
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Wang, Jian. "Assessing information value a normative approach." Ohio : Ohio University, 2000. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173379125.
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Fallis, Don. "Epistemic Value Theory and Information Ethics." Springer, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105254.
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Three of the major issues in information ethics—intellectual property, speech regulation, and privacy—concern the morality of restricting people’s access to certain information. Consequently, policies in these areas have a significant impact on the amount and types of knowledge that people acquire. As a result, epistemic considerations are critical to the ethics of information policy decisions (cf. Mill 1978 [1859]). The fact that information ethics is a part of the philosophy of information highlights this important connection with epistemology. In this paper, I illustrate how a value-theoretic approach to epistemology can help to clarify these major issues in information ethics. However, I also identify several open questions about epistemic values that need to be answered before we will be able to evaluate the epistemic consequences of many information policies.
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Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M. "The value of information for fisheries policy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51120.
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For policy-makers and managers, knowing what information to collect is just as important as collecting information. I apply economics-based methods, including the value of information approach, to natural resource management in order to identify new optimal policies and priority areas for investment. Explicitly incorporating uncertainty is key to these methods, both in formally acknowledging alternative hypothesis and strategies, and for selecting policies that are most robust to uncertainty about natural and social systems.
Given their differences in objectives and current challenges, I develop and apply methods to both developing and developed marine fisheries. In Mexico, for example, I estimate that total fish catch over the last fifty years could be almost twice that reported in official data. This ‘informal’ catch reduces economic benefits from fisheries output, including informal processing and sales that add less value to production. Based on current monitoring investment and informal catch rates, I estimate that this represents an almost US$1 billion annual loss in foregone economic impacts, that could be partially gained by an annual investment of US$100 million to increase formalization of current catch.
The benefits of assessing information value are not limited to developing fisheries or “data-poor” contexts. Linking ecosystem models with economic data and frameworks, I estimate that the supporting service value of forage fishes as food for other fished species vastly outweighs their yearly landed value (in the Southern Baja California Peninsula, US$180 million compared to US$62 million). For the California Current, which includes Mexico, the US and Canada, I couple game-theoretic and ecosystem models and find that moving beyond single-species valuation supports arguments for sustainable fishing of forage fishes, and creates incentives for cooperative fishing strategies across a range of climate scenarios.
Aside from developing new and broadly applicable methods and frameworks, the overarching finding of this work is that it is always beneficial to formally and openly acknowledge uncertainty and alternative management strategies in natural resource assessments. This allows us to provide robust advice to policy-makers given, and not stymied by, uncertainty.Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
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Sneltvedt, Tommy. "Sequential value information for Markov random field." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for fysikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13500.
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BRAZIL, IRAPUAN NOCE. "THE VALUE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ORGANIZATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6410@1.
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A digitalização da informação vem proporcionando mudanças
nos
relacionamentos dos indivíduos, na competitividade das
empresas, influenciando
até mesmo a forma de organização da sociedade. Esse
contexto é objeto de análise
de diversos autores que consideram a tecnologia da
informação desde um ativo
super valorizado, tal como as empresas ponto com, até uma
commodity sem
importância estratégica, em razão de poder ser facilmente
copiada. O presente
estudo debruça-se sobre essa questão do valor. Busca saber
qual a contribuição da
tecnologia da informação para as organizações. Para tanto,
o trabalho percorre o
caminho do estudo de casos empresariais como método de
análise do processo
valoração da tecnologia. O exame constata que o valor
atribuído à tecnologia da
informação tem estreita relação com o locus organizacional.
É dependente da
posição que ocupa no sistema de trabalho e do espaço
alcançado por suas
respectivas contribuições. A tecnologia da informação,
normalmente, é um dos
componentes dos processos do negócio e, portanto, o seu
valor deve ser
contabilizado em conjunto com outros aspectos na análise do
desempenho
organizacional. Conclui-se que o valor da tecnologia da
informação torna-se mais
visível e explícito nas atividades primárias da empresa,
decorrente dos projetos de
geração de receita da área de marketing e venda ou de
redução de custo nos
processos de fabricação e distribuição. Por outro lado, nas
atividades de apoio, sua
mensuração é mais complexa e menos tangível.The digital form of the information is changing individuals relationships, companies competitiveness, and influencing even the form of society organization. This context is object of analysis of diverse authors who is setting the information technology from an asset overpriced, such as the dot.com companies, to a commodity without strategic importance, because it can easily be copied. The present study is about this question of the value. This work examines the contribution of information technology to the organizations. It use enterprise multiple case studies as method to perform analysis of the valuation process. The examination found evidences that the attributed value of information technology has narrow relationship with organizational locus. Is dependent on the position it occupies in the system of work and the space reached for its respective contributions. The information technology, is one of the business process component and, therefore, its value must be set in conjunction with other aspects of the organizational performance analysis. The results indicates that the information technology value becomes more visible and explicit in the primary activities of the company, as a consequence of revenue generation projects from the sales and marketing areas or cost reduction from manufacturing and distribution areas. On the other hand, in the support activities, its evaluation is more complex and less tangible.
9
Van, Alstyne Marshall W. (Marshall Ware). "Managing information : networks, value, policy, and principles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9820.
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Kelepouris, Thomas. "The value of supply chain tracking information." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611637.
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Habberton, Colin Vincer. "Loyalty : the translation of information into value?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/15496.
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Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Loyalty programmes have become very popular over the last 10 years and many businesses have chosen to implement such programmes to support their marketing strategies. Fundamental to the functioning and success of such loyalty programmes is the ability to gather, process, analyse and apply information regarding a business' customers. Such information is generated through customers' interactions with the programme and the business to which it is linked, as well as the various services and their providers that make up the programme. The aim of this research project is to investigate the question of whether an information-oriented strategy, based on the principles and paradigm of loyalty manifest in the global phenomenon of loyalty programmes, can deliver value to a business adopting them. In the process of the investigation, the primacy of information as the source of value for any business in the new economy will be discussed. This will be transposed onto the argument that the customer is the source of revenue generation and drives the flow of value in a business system. The results of these two streams of argument will show how the synergy between customers and their information, through the lens of loyalty economics, can be translated into business value with the achievement of core business objectives, i.e. sustainable revenue, growth, profit and competitive advantage. Evidence of these contentions will be provided by presenting and analysing local and international loyalty programmes as case studies manifesting this approach. In conclusion, the various findings of the research will be synthesised in the context of existing, sound business, customer, and information and knowledge management theory to derive an information oriented model of loyalty. This model is intended to be a strategic framework which a business can apply to provide insight into their decision making and assist in the achievement of their objectives. In further research beyond the limits of this paper, the model is intended to be tested. In application, the validated model's purpose will be to introduce to businesses and their leadership the paradigm of loyalty as a strategic tool. Furthermore, the model could be used as a foundation to assist in the creation, evaluation and development of loyalty programmes and their business implications in practice.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die afgelope 10 jaar het lojaliteitsprogramme baie populer geword en baie besighede het verkies om sulke programme te implementeer om sodoende hulle bemarkingsstrategie te ondersteun. Die grondslag vir die funksionering en sukses van sulke lojaliteitsprogramme is die vermoe om informasie oor klante te versamel, te verwerk, te ontleed en toe te pas. Sulke informasie word gegenereer deur die klante se interaksie met die programme en die besigheid waaraan die program verbind is, asook die verskeie dienste en diensverskaffers waaruit die programme bestaan. Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek is om ondersoek in te stel na die vraag of 'n informasie georienteerde benadering, gegrond op die basis van lojaliteit, gemanifesteer in die wereldwye verskynsel van lojaliteitsprogramme, waarde kan toevoeg vir besighede wat hulle aanneem. Die belang van informasie as die bron van waarde vir enige besigheid in die nuwe ekonomie sal as deel van die ondersoek bespreek word. Dit sal saamgevat word in die argument dat die klant die bron is van inkomstegenerasie en dat die klant die vloei van waarde in 'n besigheidsisteem dryf. Die resultate van hierdie twee argumentlyne sal aantoon hoe die sinergie tussen die klante en hulle informasie, deur die lens van lojaliteitsekonomie, bydra to besigheidswaarde deur die bereiking van kern besigheidsdoelwitte, bv. volhoubare inkomste, groei, wins en mededingende voordeel. Bewyse van hierdie stellings sal verskaf word deur plaaslike en internasionale lojaliteits programme te beskryf en ontleed as gevallestudies wat hierdie benadering weerspieel. Ten slotte sal die verskillende bevindings van die navorsing saamgevat word in die konteks van bestaande, goeie besigheids-, klante- en informasie en kennisbestuur ten einde 'n informasie georienteerde lojaliteitsmodel te skep. Hierdie model se doel is om 'n strategiese raamwerk te skep wat 'n besigheid kan toepas om insig te gee in strategiese besluite en om doelwitte te bereik. In verdere ondersoek buite die bestek van hierdie werkstuk sal die model getoets word. In toepassing is die gevalideerde model se doel om besighede en hulle leiers bekend te stel aan die paradigma van lojaliteit as 'n strategiese hulpmiddel. Verder kan die model gebruik word as grondslag vir die skepping, evaluering en uitbreiding van lojaliteitsprogramme en hulle besigheidsimplikasies in die praktyk.
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Mishra, Sushma. "DEFINING VALUE BASED INFORMATION SECURITY GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1755.
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This research argues that the information security governance objectives should be grounded in the values of organizational members. Research literature in decision sciences suggest that individual values play an important role in developing decision objectives. Information security governance objectives, based on values of the stakeholders, are essential for a comprehensive security control program. The study uses Value Theory as a theoretical basis and value focused thinking as a methodology to develop 23 objectives for information security governance. A case study was conducted to reexamine and interpret the significance of the proposed objectives in an organizational context. The results suggest three emergent dimensions of information security governance for effective control structure in organizations: resource allocation, user involvement and process integrity. The synthesis of data suggests eight principles of information security governance which guides organizations in achieving a comprehensive security environment. We also present a means-end model of ISG which proposes the interrelationships of the developed objectives. Contributions are noted and future research directions suggested.
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McIntosh, Gary A. "Information superiority and game theory : the value of varying levels of information /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://sirsi.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Mar%5FMcIntosh.pdf.
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Askira, Gelman I. "Studies on the informativeness, value, and cost, of information and information systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289235.
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The widely used database technology and more recent developments in networking and Web technologies are encouraging diversity in the utilization of existing data. Data are now routinely pooled from multiple systems and physical locations, and integrated in creative ways for various decision-making purposes. From a managerial perspective, however, there are growing concerns in regard to the quality of the output information, and the economic justification of costly investments in such technologies. The major part of this dissertation addresses these concerns through formal studies on the quality and value of information, based on information economics (IE) theory. The quality and value of information integration is studied from a standpoint that recognizes the fundamental role of information integration in information systems. The objective of this study is to create a domain-independent theoretical framework that can facilitate decision making on information integration. The framework classifies information integration situations using two information quality characteristics--informativeness and dependence--and links different conditions in terms of these characteristics with different predictions on the value of integration. A second, related study centers on the questions of whether improving the accuracy of the input of an information system guarantees higher accuracy and economic value of its output, especially higher accuracy and economic value of forecasts. The study offers sufficient conditions under which the answer to these questions is positive, and also presents counter examples that suggest conditions under which the answer is negative. The results point to a contextual factor that can affect accuracy both ways--positive or negative--which has been ignored by data quality theory. This factor is dependence between errors. A third study considers a question related to software economics. Software economics theory equates software with code and directs that the supply of information be based entirely on demand patterns. However, an increasingly common custom in the software market to bundle the code with services indicates that a different model of cost and price may apply in many cases. Such model combines the information goods cost model with a service cost model. The study focuses on the question of the validity of such alternative model.
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Häggquist, Elisabeth. "The Economic Value and Use of Geological Information." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65731.
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The overall purpose of this thesis is to investigate the economic value and use of geological information. Earthobservations of a geological nature, may have profound impacts on peoples everyday lives. Geological informationplays a key role in addressing the challenges of sustainable development, and contributes to improved decisionmakingprocesses related to, for instance, land degradation and water protection. Still, few have researched theeconomic values attached to such information. This thesis contains an introduction and five self-contained papers.Paper (I) provides a review of previous research addressing the economic value of geological information andother earth observations, as well as, related products, services and infrastructure. The paper also identifiesimportant lessons and topics that require increased attention in future research. The review of prior research showsthat significant economic benefits can be attached to the use of geological information. Still, it is often difficult tocompare results across studies since they differ in scope and make alternative assumptions concerning whichsectors to cover. Furthermore, previous research is not uniform in its treatment of potential (rather than onlyexisting) users, and it employs varying conceptions of avoided costs. The paper concludes that future researchshould devote more attention to the public and experience good characteristics of geological information and othertypes of earth observations, thus highlighting the preconditions for information adoption as well as addressing therole of potential users.Papers (II) and (III) investigate the determinants of adopting geological information in the public sector, with anemphasis on Swedish municipalities. Paper (II) contributes to the literature by providing theoretical explanationsand empirical findings on various individual and organizational factors influencing the adoption of geologicalinformation. The paper employs an information adoption model based on literature on diffusion of innovation. Itis estimated using data collected from 677 officials in all Swedish municipalities. The results indicate thatperceived usefulness and educational efforts have the largest influence on the adoption decision followed by agender effect. Furthermore, the results also show that organizational effects exist at the working unit level, butthere appear to be no spatial interactions across municipal boundaries.Paper (III) further investigates the adoption of geological information in the public sector by considering whetheranalyses of user patterns can be improved by considering an interrelated model estimation involving two types ofgeoinformation. The empirical tests focus on whether there are gender differences in how peer advice affects theuse of geoinformation. The information adoption model is estimated using probit and bivariate probits. Overall theresults indicate a more accurate prediction pattern when a secondary geoinformation decision was included, thussuggesting that different types of geoinformation should be analyzed jointly. The officials at Swedishmunicipalities tend to use both types of geoinformation, thus alluding to a demand for combined geoinformationproducts among the target population. Finally, there is evidence of women’s decisions to use geoinformation beingaffected by peer advice.Paper (IV) focuses on the economic value of hydrogeological information, namely water quality. The willingnessto pay (WTP) for reduced health risks following the exposure to emerging contaminants and microbial outbreaksin drinking water is assessed. Emerging contaminants, such as highly fluorinated substances (e..g., PFOA andPFOS), have been found in drinking water post treatment on a global level. The drinking water is the main sourceof exposure for humans. The WTP is assessed through a choice experiment approach, which also accounts fordifferences in perceptions between PFASs and microbial outbreaks due to parasites or bacteria. Knowledge aboutpublic preferences across different health threats is key to assessing support for policies aimed at reducing suchhealth risks. A majority of the respondents were found to have a higher WTP for reducing the risk of chemicalexposure to PFASs than reducing the corresponding risk of microbial outbreaks.In Paper (IV) it is evident that risk adverse individuals have a higher WTP for reducing health risks of drinkingwater, compared with individuals with other risk preferences. However, there is no consensus in the literature onhow to accurately capture risk preferences beyond financial decisions. Paper (V) therefore discusses thetheoretical assumptions used when measuring risk preferences and whether it is necessary to address domain riskspecific preferences. In order to test if a general risk preference is enough we present a hypothetical experimenton risk preferences for the health and financial domains, respectively. We also consider the design of theexperiment and compare the format with a reduced form to control for potential framing effects. The riskpreferences were elicited using switch multiple price list lotteries with hypothetical payments, and the questionswere adapted to the health domain by framing the lotteries as improvements in current health status using a visualanalogue scale as the reference point. The results show that individual risk preferences tend to be relativelyinconsistent across the two studied domains, and that the respondents appear to be more risk averse in the healthdomain than in the financial. The majority of the respondents tend to give too much weight to low-probabilityevents, which is consistent with cumulative prospect theory.
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Brown, Shaun. "The Value of Information in Multi-Objective Missions." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3693.
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Master of Engineering (Research)In many multi-objective missions there are situations when actions based on maximum information gain may not be the `best' given the overall mission objectives. In addition to properties such as entropy, information also has value, which is situationally dependent. This thesis examines the concept of information value in a multi-objective mission from an information theory perspective. A derivation of information value is presented that considers both the context of information, via a fused world belief state, and a system mission. The derived information value is used as part of the objective function for control of autonomous platforms within a framework developed for human robot cooperative control. A simulated security operation in a structured environment is implemented to test both the framework, and information value based control. The simulation involves a system of heterogeneous, sensor equipped Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), tasked with gathering information regarding ground vehicles. The UAVs support an e ort to protect a number of important buildings in the area of operation. Thus, the purpose of the information is to aid the security operation by ensuring that security forces can deploy e ciently to counter any threat. A number of di erent local controllers using information based control are implemented and compared to a task based control scheme. The relative performance of each is examined with respect to a number of performance metrics with conclusions drawn regarding the performance and exibility of information value based control.
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Corrigan, Christopher J., and Jayson E. Kielar. "The value of logistics information to the warfighter." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9926.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.MBA Professional Report
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
This MBA project analyzes the benefit of integrating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology into the Department of Defense supply chain management infrastructure. The project confirms the existence of an inherent value in logistics information used as a resource in Department of Defense supply chain management applications. Also identified is the value of comprehensive and real time logistics information to the warfighter and what he or she is willing to pay for that information. For example, the average value the warfighter is willing to pay on a deployed aircraft carrier is 2.46% of the carrier's average annual budget, or $8 56,775. To determine these values, the project uses the results of a survey distributed to Naval Supply Corps Officers who were used as survey respondents due to their positioning as a logistics and financial choke point between the man in the foxhole and their commanding officers. Using the value that Supply Officers are willing to pay for comprehensive and real time information, a value added figure is determined for the inclusion of RFID technology in the Department of Defense supply chain management infrastructure. Continuing with the aircraft carrier example, the value added figure is $1 1.28 per requisition.
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Frasson, Corinne 1976. "Value of process capability information and supplier selection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89265.
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Khan, Zaid S. (Zaid Saeed). "Value of heterogeneous information in stochastically congestible facilities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113969.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-110).
This thesis studies the effects of heterogeneous information on traffic equilibria and the resulting travel costs (both individual and social) when commuters make departure time choices to cross an unreliable bottleneck link. Increasing adoption and improved predictive abilities of Traveler Information Systems (TIS) enable commuters to plan their trips; however, there are inherent heterogeneities in information access and TIS accuracies, which can significantly affect commuters' choices and the equilibrium level of congestion. Our work addresses the open problem raised in Arnott et al. (1991) about the need to consider asymmetrically informed commuters in the bottleneck model of traffic congestion. We consider a Bayesian game with two heterogeneous commuter populations: one population is privately informed of the realized network state while the other only knows the public information about the distribution of states. We characterize the equilibrium of the game, in which each population chooses a departure rate function over time to minimize its expected cost based on its private belief about the state and the behavior of the other population. We provide a full equilibrium characterization for the complete range of values of link reliability, incident probability, and information penetration. This uncovers a rich structure of population strategies, which can broadly be categorized into two distinct regimes. Specifically, when information penetration is above a certain threshold, the populations' equilibrium strategies are non-unique, and the relative value of information (Vol) is 0, i.e. the two populations face the same cost. However, the aggregate departure rate function is unique and remains unchanged as more commuters gain access to information. On the other hand, when information penetration is below the threshold, equilibrium is unique, and Vol is positive and decreasing in information penetration. Importantly, we find that the lowest social cost is always achieved when a certain fraction of commuters are uninformed. The more unreliable the link, the higher the optimal information penetration that achieves this minimum. We define the Value of Heterogeneity (VoH) as the difference between the optimal social cost and the cost under complete information penetration, and find that it is significant (upto 20%) under practically relevant conditions.
by Zaid S. Khan.
S.M.
20
Rinehart, Michael David. "The value of information in shortest path optimization/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58452.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-93).
Information about a random event (termed the source) is typically treated as a (possibly noisy) function of that event. Information has a destination, an agent, that uses the information to make a decision. In traditional communication systems design, it is usually assumed that the agent uses the information to produce an estimate of the source, and that estimate is in turn used to make the decision. Consequently, the typical objective of communication-systems design is to construct the communication system so that the joint distribution between the source and the information is "optimal" in the sense that it minimizes the average error of the estimate. Due to resource limitations such as cost, power, or time, estimation quality is constrained in the sense that the set of allowable joint distribution is bounded in mutual information. In the context of an agent using information to make decisions, however, such metrics may not be appropriate. In particular, the true value of information is determined by how it impacts the average payoff of the agent's decisions, not its estimation accuracy. To this end, mutual information may not the most convenient measure of information quantity since its relationship to decision quality may be very complicated, making it difficult to develop algorithms for information optimization. In this thesis, we study the value of information in an instance of an uncertain decision framework: shortest path optimization on a graph with random edge weights.
(cont.) Specifically, we consider an agent that seeks to traverse the shortest path of a graph subject to some side information it receives about the edge weights in advance of and during its travel. In this setting, decision quality is determined by the average length of the paths the agent chooses, not how often the agent decodes the optimal path. For this application, we define and quantify a notion of information that is compatible with this problem, bound the performance of the agent subject to a bound on the amount of information available to it, study the impact of spreading information sequentially over partial decisions, and provide algorithms for information optimization. Meaningful, analytic performance bounds and practical algorithms for information optimization are obtained by leveraging a new type of geometric graph reduction for shortest path optimization as well as an abstraction of the geometry of sequential decision making.
by Michael David Rinehart.
Ph.D.
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Mu, Beipeng. "Value of information based distributed inference and planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82487.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013.This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-92).
In multi-agent applications it is often the case that not all information is equally valuable to the missions, and agents are typically resource limited. Therefore it is important to ensure that the resources are spent on getting and conveying valuable information. This thesis presents efficient distributed sensing and planning algorithms that improve resource planning efficiently by taking into account the obtainable Value of Information (VoI) and improve distributed sensing efficiency by ensuring agents only broadcast high value measurements. The first result focuses on communication efficient distributed sensing algorithms. In particular, agents broadcast their measurements only when the VoI in their measurements exceeds a pre-defined threshold. The VoI threshold is further adaptively adjusted to better balance between the communication cost incurred and the longterm accuracy of the estimation. Theoretical results are presented establishing almost sure convergence of the communication cost and estimation error for distributions in the exponential family. Moreover, an algorithm that automatically forgets old information is also developed to estimate dynamically changing parameters. Validation through numerical simulations and real datasets show that the new VoI-based algorithms can yield improved parameter estimates than those achieved by previously published hyperparameter consensus algorithms while incurring only a fraction of the communication cost. The second result focuses on efficient distributed planning algorithms. In particular, in a system with heterogeneous agents, a coupled planning framework is presented that evaluates the sensing/exploration activities by the improvement on mission returns. Numerical results shows that the coupling between exploration and tasking agents encourages better cooperation between them, thus leading to better performance than decoupled approaches. A hardware testbed is developed to demonstrate the performance improvements of the coupled approach in context of distributed planning with uncertain target classifications.
by Beipeng Mu.
S.M.
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Cardoso, Lopes de Almeida Susana Margarida. "The value of regionalised information for hydrological modelling." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/28086.
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In many areas of the world, the absence of streamflow data to calibrate hydrological models limits the ability to make reliable streamflow predictions. Whilst a large and increasing number of regions are insufficiently gauged, there are also many highly monitored catchments. Transferring the knowledge gained in data-rich areas to data-scarce regions offers possibilities to overcome the absence of streamflow observations. In this thesis knowledge is transferred in the form of signatures, which reflect hydrological response characteristics of a particular catchment. Several signatures may be required to capture different aspects of catchment functional behaviour. Using a large dataset of catchments, observed signatures are regressed against physical and climatic catchment descriptors. Signatures for an ungauged location with known descriptors are then estimated utilising the derived relationships. A Bayesian procedure is subsequently used to condition a conceptual model for the ungauged catchment on the estimated signatures with formal uncertainty estimation. Particular challenges related to the Bayesian approach include the selection of signatures, and specification of the prior distribution and the likelihood functions. A methodological development is based on an initial transformation of the commonly adopted uniform parameter prior into a prior that maps to a uniform signature distribution, aimed at cases where limited prior knowledge regarding the model structure adequacy and the parameters distribution exist. The suggested methodology contributes to improved estimation of response signatures, and is particularly relevant when regionalised information is highly uncertain. A further contribution of this thesis refers to the integration of several regionalised signatures into the model, accounting for the inter-signature error covariance structure. By increasing the number and regionalisation quality of signatures in the conditioning process, better predictions are obtained. Additionally, the consideration of the inter-signature error structure may improve the results when correlations between errors are shown to be strong. When regionalised signatures are integrated into the model, it is shown that model structural inadequacy has a strong effect on the prediction quality.
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Tsetsos, K. "Information integration in perceptual and value-based decisions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348210/.
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Research on the psychology and neuroscience of simple, evidence-based choices has led to an impressive progress in capturing the underlying mental processes as optimal mechanisms that make the fastest decision for a specified accuracy. The idea that decision-making is an optimal process stands in contrast with findings in more complex, motivation-based decisions, focussed on multiple goals with trade-offs. Here, a number of paradoxical and puzzling choice behaviours have been revealed, posing a serious challenge to the development of a unified theory of choice. These choice anomalies have been traditionally attributed to oddities at the representation of values and little is known about the role of the process under which information is integrated towards a decision. In a series of experiments, by controlling the temporal distribution of the decision-relevant information (i.e., sensory evidence or value), I demonstrate that the characteristics of this process cause many puzzling choice paradoxes, such as temporal, risk and framing biases, as well as preference reversal. In Chapter 3, I show that information integration is characterized by temporal biases (Experimental Studies 1-2, Computational Studies 1-3). In Chapter 4, I examine the way the integration process is affected by the immediate decision context (Experimental Studies 3-4, Computational Study 4), demonstrating that prior to integration, the momentary ranking of a sample modifies its magnitude. This principle is further scrutinized in Chapter 5, where a rank-dependent accumulation model is developed (Computational Study 5). The rank-dependent model is shown to underlie preference reversal in multi-attribute choice problems and to predict that choice is sensitive, not only to the mean strength of the information, but also to its variance, favouring riskier options (Computational Study 6). This prediction is further confirmed in Chapter 6, in a number of experiments (Experimental Studies 5-7) while the direction of risk preferences is found to be modulated by the cognitive perspective induced by the task framing (Experimental Study 8). I conclude that choice arises from a deliberative process which gathers samples of decision-relevant information, weighs them according to their salience and subsequently accumulates them. The salience of a sample is determined by i) its temporal order and ii) its local ranking in the decision context, while the direction of the weighting is controlled by the task framing. The implications of this simple, microprocess model are discussed with respect to choice optimality while directions for future research, towards the development of a unified theory of choice, are suggested.
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Hidalgo, Dario. "Value of perfect information of transportation forecasting models /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943341526861.
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Wickramasinghe, Jayantha. "The value relevance of enterprise resource planning information /." Gold Coast, Qld. : Bond University, 2007. http://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/wickramasinghe.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Bond University, 2007."Submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-159). Also available via the World Wide web.
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Samyuktha, R. "Nutraceuticals gateway: A value-added electronic information service." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105500.
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The attributes of education in a digital neighborhood have warranted a community of teachers on one end with shared curriculum and teaching materials and another community of students with distance and distributed learning on the other end. There is a different kind of ecology emerging and the library professionals have the opportunity to create a world without borders, making everything available to everyone anytime, anywhere. Roles of libraries have changed from being traditional to exist as hybrid or electronic libraries. In turn, the Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals have become intelligent filters of information and contribute to the libraries to emerge as â Knowledge Resource Centersâ . Creating successful e-information services for its demanding clientele has become their major challenge. One such case study of e-information services provided by the Science Campus (Guindy Campus) Li-brary of University of Madras is focused in this paper. The Campus Library caters to the re-search community of Schools of Life, Physical, Chemical, Earth Sciences and an array of re-searchers (members) from industries. Periodic discussions with experts, faculty and research scholars have necessitated the Library to enhance research with Information Gateways on spe-cific themes. Subject Gateways on Biomedical Sciences, Life, Chemical, Physical and Inter-disciplinary Sciences are compiled periodically and made available on the intranet in turn making its clientele access the sources on the internet from their desktop. They not only sup-plement research but also new popular courses introduced, thrust of the University programs and so on. The Gateway focused here is â Nutraceuticalsâ which is a component of the Gate-ways on â Biomedical Sciencesâ . The methodology of information aggregation from the Inter-net, evaluating their validity and organizing them for access, the strategies used to market the e-service, such as organizing user education and information literacy programs are discussed. Methods of evaluation of the service provided are analysed to improve the same. The chal-lenges of the career to develop essential skills to combat technology have compelled the pro-fessionals at the Library to get trained and update their technical expertise. Thus the Library tries to support the evolutionary convergence of Library Services, Technology and the Clien-tele.
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Shah, Akhtar H. "Examining the perceived value of integration of earned value management with risk management-based performance measurement baseline." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612243.
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Many projects fail despite the use of evidence-based project management practices such as Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB), Earned Value Management (EVM) and Risk Management (RM). Although previous researchers have found that integrated project management techniques could be more valuable than the same techniques used by themselves, these findings do not address the benefits of integrated EVM with PMB created from RM-based Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) that could positively influence project results. The success of a project is partly dependent on accurately forecasting the performance of future states of current projects. The focus of this quantitative descriptive study is to improve current project management knowledge by identifying whether the integration of EVM with PMB created from RM-based WBS adds project value in accurately predicting the future performance of current projects. This study was conducted by surveying project leaders who have had some experience in EVM with project management. The results of this research significantly support the belief that integration of EVM with PMB created from RM-based WBS adds value to a project.
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Orr, Stephen Robert IV. "A Value-focused Assessment of Knowledge Sharing in a Closed Information Environment." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/265.
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Knowledge sharing has presented a challenge for organizations in the 21st century. Tangible organizational assets decrease in value when they are used while knowledge increases in value as they are used. Sharing knowledge has enabled organizations to obtain a competitive advantage. A large part of knowledge sharing research is technical in nature with limited consideration of the human and individual challenges that encompass each organization. This exploratory research presents an understanding of knowledge sharing in the terms of individual values of people in a closed information organization. The organizational entity that was studied is within the United States Federal Government. The research questions attempted to understand (1) what role individual values played towards maximizing knowledge sharing, and to identify what were the (2) fundamental, and (3) means objectives in a closed information environment organization. The goals were achieved by operationalizing the value-focused thinking methodology to identify fundamental objectives for knowledge sharing and means of achieving them in an organizational context. Data for the study was collected through in-depth interviews with organizational stakeholders about their values toward maximizing knowledge sharing. A comprehensive individual value hierarchy was created through 33 interviews of closed information environment organizational personnel. This resulted in a total of 141 individual values towards maximizing knowledge sharing in a closed information environment organization. Analysis of the data provided suggestions and objectives that were essential in knowledge sharing and the broader context of knowledge management. The validated fundamental and means objectives discovered for the closed information environment organization provide a theoretical foundation and value hierarchy for maximizing knowledge sharing. Understanding values of individual stakeholders enabled the creation of objectives that leveraged, but not solely depended upon technology, as the solution. A total of 10 fundamental and 14 means objectives were identified. The results provided a theoretical framework and value hierarchy for considering knowledge sharing in a manner that accounts for content and relational epistemological issues. Researchers and practitioners were presented with an understanding of knowledge sharing enablers in terms of the values of people from an organizational perspective.
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Crossland, Maria. "How business intelligence is adding business value." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10287.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-72).Business Intelligence (BI) continues to top the list of CIO priorities, investment in BI technologies continues to grow and organizations are becoming increasingly reliant on BI to help reduce costs and grow revenues. However, structured measurement and monitoring of the business value that can be attributed to BI investment remain elusive. This study used a multiple case study approach to examine how BI is adding value to organizations, what processes and methods are being followed for the evaluation of the business value that BI delivers as well as what approaches are being used to maximize the potential value that the organization's investment on BI could deliver.
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Said, Emanuel. "The value of market research information : how do clients of market research services construct value from their usage of market research information?" Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7096.
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A significant global industry, the provision of market research is a business to business service where market research organizations provide market research information to customers, who in turn, need to make informed decisions about marketing strategy alternatives.
This study involves a systematic literature review of the influences impacting on the use of market research information. It expounds the conditions, factors and mechanisms that induce or hinder the process of use among client organization users. In so doing, this investigation provides a descriptive assessment of the body of knowledge from which this study draws.
This study proposes a theoretical framework of the reported conditions, factors and mechanisms that enhance or hinder the process at different stages of usage of market research. Influences like (user) organization’s strategy, structure, market philosophy, stance in the market and access to market research suppliers have a direct effect on how user organizations seek and apply market research information. The process of usage features seven phases, contrasting against the four or five phases that are typically reported in literature. Application of market research information in marketing decisions may follow one of three possible types of application: instrumental, conceptual and symbolic.
This study also explores the various limitations in our understanding of this phenomenon. Relying on a number of published positivist contributions, our understanding of this process is composed of narrow views of specific causalities, each investigated independently from the rest. These result in an incomplete, inconsistent picture about a phenomenon. For instance, influences impacting on transformation and dissemination steps remain largely unknown, as are the factors impacting on application of market research information like symbolic use. Equally, published positivist researchoften relies on a single informant approach that is assumed to represent the reality of an entire organization.
The study concludes with considerations about future work that may form part of my PhD research, intended to address a selection of gaps in the existing body of knowledge about this phenomenon.
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Johnson, George Alfred. "The information value of new disaggregated accounting information: the case of voluntary corporate spinoffs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39804.
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This dissertation is an empirical investigation of security excess returns associated with the announcement of corporate spinoffs. Spinoff excess returns exist, but the sources of these returns are not clear. Varying levels of disaggregated accounting information result from spinoffs. The purpose of this dissertation is to relate these information levels to spinoff excess returns.
A sample of 79 voluntary spinoffs from 1980 to 1987 is categorized according to levels of disaggregated accounting information. Analyses of the security returns for the entire sample and for the subsamples formed by information levels are performed. Additionally, the importance of the size of the spinoff and the combined impact of spinoff size and information levels are investigated. Daily excess returns from the CRSP Excess Returns File are the source of the dependent variable measure. Although the market reaction to spinoffs has been studied previously I the reaction to spinoffs from 1980 to 1987 has not been studied in detail.
The key findings and implications of the empirical investigation include:
1. Spinoff announcements do result in significant excess returns. This is a confirmation of similar findings from earlier investigations.
2. The size of the spinoff has a significant relationship to the announcement return. This is also a confirmation of results from earlier spinoff studies.
3. Levels of disaggregated accounting information are not significantly related to spinoff announcement returns. Another possible source of spinoff excess returns has been investigated.
4. Levels of disaggregated accounting information are related to the dispersion of spinoff announcement returns. The value of accounting information in a new setting is known.
5. Interaction between spinoff size and information levels is related to spinoff announcement returns. A qualification of the effect of size on spinoff excess returns is demonstrated.
6. Levels of disaggregated accounting information are related to spinoff postannouncement returns. This finding suggests postannouncement drift and a topic for further research.Ph. D.
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Nilsson, Henrik. "Essays on the value relevance of financial statment information." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Business Administration, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-195.
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This thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four self-contained essays on the value relevance of financial statement information.
Essay 1: The purpose of this essay is to examine relevance of environmental information from an investor’s perspective. The study proposes that the market value of companies will reflect both financial and environmental performance. The theoretical foundation of the study is the accounting based valuation theory outlined by Ohlson (1995). This study provides new insights into how environmental performance is reflected in the market value of Swedish companies listed on the Swedish Stock market.
Essay 2: In financial accounting research, much effort has been devoted to study the relation between accounting earnings and stock prices. The primary purpose of the second essay is to investigate the effect of alternative return-earnings model specifications to the estimated returns-earnings relation, that is, the earnings response coefficients. The returns-earnings models investigated include the traditional earnings levels and changes, and models including analysts’ earnings forecasts based on Ohlson’s (1995) extended residual income model.
Essay 3: Fundamental analysis research that focuses on the use of accounting information to estimate equity value, has surfaced as a central theme in market based accounting research of the 1990s (Lee, 1999). The purpose of third essay is to compare two different approaches to valuation based on the theory presented in Ohlson (1995) in terms of explanatory and predictive power of the value estimates. Both approaches are implemented with and without the use of analysts forecasts.
Essay 4: In this essay data from the Swedish stock market is used to investigate the profitability of two different types of investment strategies based on fundamental-to-value ratios and past insider trading activity. The purpose of the research is to explore four related research questions: (i) Do accounting based trading strategies generate abnormal returns on the Swedish stock market?; (ii) Do trading strategies based on insider trading behaviour generate abnormal returns on the Swedish stock market?; (iii) Do insiders who buy stocks tend to favour value stocks and do insiders who sell stocks tend to dispose growth stocks?; and (iv) Are insiders able to discriminate between temporary high/low fundamentals and temporary low/high prices when buying/selling value stocks and growth stocks?
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Cheong, Tae Su. "Value of information and supply uncertainty in supply chains." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42725.
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This dissertation focuses on topics related to the value of real-time information and/or to supply uncertainties due to uncertain lead-times and yields in supply chains. The first two of these topics address issues associated with freight transportation, while the remaining two topics are concerned with inventory replenishment.
We first assess the value of dynamic tour determination for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Given a network with traffic dynamics that can be modeled as a Markov chain, we present a policy determination procedure that optimally builds a tour dynamically. We then explore the potential for expected total travel cost reduction due to dynamic tour determination, relative to two a priori tour determination procedures.
Second, we consider the situation where the decision to continue or abort transporting perishable freight from an origin to a destination can be made at intermediate locations, based on real-time freight status monitoring. We model the problem as a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) and develop an efficient procedure for determining an optimal policy. We determine structural characteristics of an optimal policy and upper and lower bounds on the optimal reward function.
Third, we analyze a periodic review inventory control problem with lost sales and random yields and present conditions that guarantee the existence of an optimal policy having a so-called staircase structure. We make use of this structure to accelerate both value iteration and policy evaluation.
Lastly, we examine a model of inventory replenishment where both lead time and supply qualities are uncertain. We model this problem as an MDP and show that the weighted sum of inventory in transit and inventory at the destination is a sufficient statistic, assuming that random shrinkage can occur from the origin to the supply system or destination, shrinkage is deterministic within the supply system and from the supply system to the destination, and no shrinkage occurs once goods reach the destination.
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Brännhult, Danny, and Gustaf Kapanen. "The Value of Information Sharing in a 3PL-relationship." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18826.
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Since the business environment of today is characterized to be dynamic and service-driven, corporations are looking for solutions how to cut costs and still keep their competitive advantage in the market, and also how to decrease lead-time and flexibility. In this environment are 3PL-providers operating with an incentive to always please the customer. This study will investigate a 3PL-provider´s information sharing with its customer and how value can be extracted from this type of sharing. The purpose of this thesis is to understand and investigate the value of information sharing between the 3PL-provider and its customer. Two research questions have been dictated; R1: How do the respondents at the 3PL-provider perceive the relationship with their customer? R2: How are information requirements met? For the frame of reference have theories in the area of third-party logistics, information, relation, and value been studied. The carrying out of the study has been performed with a bounded ethnography approach since this study has essences from both the scientific and ethnographic approaches. The research reasoning is mainly inductive but with deductive elements. The research strategy is of qualitative character, where the data collection has been carried out through interviews/discussions within multiple case studies. There were several interviews launched within the target 3PL-relationships. The analysis of the empirical findings has been done through the existing theories in the frame of reference. The investigation showed that improvements of the information requirements and utilization of the communication methods improves the quality of the information sharing, and the conclusion drawn is that the information requirements and communication methods are big contributors for the information sharing as a whole. Since the information sharing is considered a big contributor to the customer value one can use the customer value as reference for how to value the information sharing. A main conclusion is therefore that the value of information sharing is dependent on its contribution for the customer value.
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Harris, Gregory M. "Cognitive complexity and the value placed on occupational information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/MQ54623.pdf.
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Nilsson, Henrik. "Essays on the value relevance of financial statement information /." Umeå : Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-195.
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Yangki, Tshering. "Cognitive complexity and the value placed on occupational information." Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/688.
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Pina, Fulano Jasson. "The value of hydrological information in multireservoir systems operation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28228.
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La gestion optimale d’un système hydroélectrique composé de plusieurs réservoirs est un problème multi-étapes complexe de prise de décision impliquant, entre autres, (i) un compromis entre les conséquences immédiates et futures d’une décision, (ii) des risques et des incertitudes importantes, et (iii) de multiple objectifs et contraintes opérationnelles. Elle est souvent formulée comme un problème d’optimisation, mais il n’existe pas, à ce jour, de technique de référence même si la programmation dynamique (DP) a été souvent utilisée. La formulation stochastique de DP (SDP) permet la prise en compte explicite de l’incertitude entourant les apports hydrologiques futurs. Différentes approches ont été développées pour incorporer des informations hydrologiques et climatiques autres que les apports. Ces études ont révélé un potentiel d’amélioration des politiques de gestion proposées par les formulations SDP. Cependant, ces formulations sont applicables aux systèmes de petites tailles en raison de la célèbre « malédiction de la dimensionnalité ». La programmation dynamique stochastique duale (SDDP) est une extension de SDP développée dans les années 90. Elle est l’une des rares solutions algorithmiques utilisées pour déterminer les politiques de gestion des systèmes hydroélectriques de grande taille. Dans SDDP, l’incertitude hydrologique est capturée à l’aide d’un modèle autorégressif avec corrélation spatiale des résidus. Ce modèle analytique permet d’obtenir certains des paramètres nécessaires à l’implémentation de la technique d’optimisation. En pratique, les apports hydrologiques peuvent être influencés par d’autres variables observables, telles que l’équivalent de neige en eau et / ou la température de la surface des océans. La prise en compte de ces variables, appelées variables exogènes, permet de mieux décrire les processus hydrologiques et donc d’améliorer les politiques de gestion des réservoirs. L’objectif principal de ce doctorat est d’évaluer la valeur économique des politiques de gestion proposées par SDDP et ce pour diverses informations hydro-climatiques. En partant d’un modèle SDDP dans lequel la modélisation hydrologique est limitée aux processus Makoviens, la première activité de recherche a consisté à augmenter l’ordre du modèle autorégressif et à adapter la formulation SDDP. La seconde activité fut dédiée à l’incorporation de différentes variables hydrologiques exogènes dans l’algorithme SDDP. Le système hydroélectrique de Rio Tinto (RT) situé dans le bassin du fleuve Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean fut utilisé comme cas d’étude. Étant donné que ce système n’est pas capable de produire la totalité de l’énergie demandée par les fonderies pour assurer pleinement la production d’aluminium, le modèle SDDP a été modifié de manière à considérer les décisions de gestion des contrats avec Hydro Québec. Le résultat final est un système d’aide à la décision pour la gestion d’un large portefeuille d’actifs physiques et financiers en utilisant diverses informations hydro-climatiques. Les résultats globaux révèlent les gains de production d’énergie auxquels les opérateurs peuvent s’attendre lorsque d’autres variables hydrologiques sont incluses dans le vecteur des variables d’état de SDDP.The optimal operation of a multireservoir hydroelectric system is a complex, multistage, stochastic decision-making problem involving, among others, (i) a trade-off between immediate and future consequences of a decision, (ii) considerable risks and uncertainties, and (iii) multiple objectives and operational constraints. The reservoir operation problem is often formulated as an optimization problem but not a single optimization approach/algorithm exists. Dynamic programming (DP) has been the most popular optimization technique applied to solve the optimization problem. The stochastic formulation of DP (SDP) can be performed by explicitly considering streamflow uncertainty in the DP recursive equation. Different approaches to incorporate more hydrologic and climatic information have been developed and have revealed the potential to enhance SDP- derived policies. However, all these techniques are limited to small-scale systems due to the so-called curse of dimensionality. Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (SDDP), an extension of the traditional SDP developed in the 90ies, is one of the few algorithmic solutions used to determine the operating policies of large-scale hydropower systems. In SDDP the hydrologic uncertainty is captured through a multi-site periodic autoregressive model. This analytical linear model is required to derive some of the parameters needed to implement the optimization technique. In practice, reservoir inflows can be affected by other observable variables, such snow water equivalent and/or sea surface temperature. These variables, called exogenous variables, can better describe the hydrologic processes, and therefore enhance reservoir operating policies. The main objective of this PhD is to assess the economic value of SDDP-derived operating policies in large-scale water systems using various hydro-climatic information. The first task focuses on the incorporation of the multi-lag autocorrelation of the hydrologic variables in the SDDP algorithm. Afterwards, the second task is devoted to the incorporation of different exogenous hydrologic variables. The hydroelectric system of Rio Tinto (RT) located in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean River Basin is used as case study. Since, RT’s hydropower system is not able to produce the entire amount of energy demanded at the smelters to fully assure the aluminum production, a portfolio of energy contacts with Hydro-Québec is available. Eventually, we end up with a decision support system for the management of a large portfolio of physical and financial assets using various hydro-climatic information. The overall results reveal the extent of the gains in energy production that the operators can expect as more hydrologic variables are included in the state-space vector.
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Ari, Venkata Ramana. "Value Stream Mapping of Information Flow in Infrastructure Projects." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1282252085.
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Misra, John Satprim. "Considering value of information when using CFD in design." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473234.
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Kovats, Keith E. "Assessing the potential value of FORCEnet technologies within the JFMCC planning process using the knowledge value added methodology." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FKovats.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Thomas J. Housel. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-55). Also available in print.
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Angelopoulos, Angelos. "Value allocation under ambiguity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/value-allocation-under-ambiguity(b55bcab5-a756-41e9-aa8e-f6bc9dc54a3e).html.
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We consider a pure exchange economy with asymmetric information where individual behavior exhibits ambiguity aversion along the line of maximin expected utility decision making. For such economies we introduce different notions of maximin value allocations. We also introduce a strong notion of (maximin) incentive compatibility. We prove existence and incentive compatibility of the maximin value allocation, when the economy's state space is either finite or non-finite. In the latter case, we provide two different existence results: assuming first countable and then uncountable infinitely many states of nature of the world. We conclude that unlike the Bayesian value allocation approach, incentive compatibility is related to efficiency rather than to direct exchange of information.
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Grass, Joshua William. "Value-driven information gathering." 2002. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3039360.
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This dissertation addresses the problem of autonomous information gathering from a large distributed network of information sources. Information gathering is viewed as a component of a decision support system, which uses a set of rules and a set of information sources to recommend an action. This recommendation includes a prediction of the utility for selecting this action and the level of confidence that the system has in the decision. A decision support system has two primary tasks when making a well-informed, well-reasoned decision. The first task is to gather information about the state of the world that is relevant to making the decision; and the second task is to use this information and a set of rules to evaluate a set of potential actions and make a recommendation. A large number of information gathering systems have been developed in recent years that use the Internet as their primary source of information. However, the overwhelming amount of information available on the Internet has created a new problem for information gathering systems: it is no longer feasible to query and process all of the available relevant information. Next-generation information gathering systems must account for the resources required to query and process the information sources used by the system. To address this problem, this dissertation develops a decision-theoretic framework for information gathering that is sensitive to several characteristics of information sources. These characteristics include the value of acquiring a piece of information with respect to the specific user's decision model, the strength of the evidence returned by the information source, the immediate cost of querying the information source, and the expectation of when and if the query will return information. The comprehensive value of a query, which is an extension of the decision-theoretic notion of the value of perfect information (VOI), is calculated using these characteristics. Much like the VOI, the value of a query is based on the notion of determining the expected increase in the overall expected utility of the decision as a result of issuing the query. However, unlike the VOI, the value of a query reflects the fact that information gathering is not instantaneous and may have associated costs. There are three main contributions made by this dissertation. The first contribution is the development of a formal framework for query planning with limited information gathering resources that is driven by the user's decision model (an influence diagram). The second contribution is implementing this framework as an expandable system for creating autonomous information gathering agents. The third contribution is demonstrating how value-driven query planning yields improved information gathering strategies that return high-quality decisions while using substantially fewer resources. As the number of information sources available to autonomous information gathering systems grows, the role of reasoning about both the cost and benefits of querying any potential information source becomes increasingly important.
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Miao, Chien-Hua, and 苗建華. "Value Investing：Application from Financial Information and Public Information." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xce4fh.
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碩士國立中興大學
財務金融系所
97
For individual investors in Taiwan stock market, what we learn from Market Observation Post System is the fairest and the most consistent. Therefore, the purpose of this research aims to find a proper investing method on Taiwan stock market by a simple and systematical judgement with easy-to-get public information. This research employs a standard of fundamental analysis as a basis to separate so called good companies as well as bad companies, and also have book-to-market ratio as a measure to take the highest 20% and the lowest 20% as a control group of portfolio, identified F_SCORE. Meanwhile, an experimental group identified as SSCORE, which refers to the measure of financial performance by Mohanram (2005), with more concern of investment masters - Warren Buffet’s and Peter Lynch’s investing philosophy and my personal investing experience as well. Major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. Earnings information and non-earnings information are both value-relevant. The portfolio developed by a systematical valuation can earn 19% of average annual compound excess return. 2. Compared the whole samples, portfolio of being good companies as well as high book-to-market ratio(good price), which is developed by either the methodology of F_SCORE or SSCORE, both shows having advantages of higher return and lower risk. 3. Overall, the methodology of SSCORE applied to Taiwan stock market shows better than F_SCORE. 4. Our research finds when we use SSCORE to divide into good and bad companies, these so called good companies, whose benefits are concentrated in small size firms, companies with low share turnover, firms with median and low share price. Moreover, those bad companies, whose loss are concentrated in large size and high share price companies.
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Encantado, David Miguel Lobo. "Adding Value Through Information Management." Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/134981.
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Internship Report presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Marketing IntelligenceTo ensure relevancy in today’s world, companies need to ensure that their focus is on the client and on every experience they provide. The objective of the internship was to be materialize this concept by updating and restructuring an annual report that is given to Médis Corporate clients. This report wasn’t adding any value to its readers, the clients. The objective was to trans-form simple data into knowledge, transforming what was a simple report into a source of knowledge, not only to the client but also to Médis, giving the company new tools to negoti-ate the insurance contracts. Effective changes were made, for example introducing the topic of Covid or even creating a set of clusters, having the possibility to apply them in many ways. Next steps for the project include the creation of a questionnaire to the clients as well as monitoring the level of satis-faction with the report for the next years.
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Chen, Wan-Ning, and 陳婉寧. "Information Value Of Capital Decrease." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40239434145074770103.
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碩士中國文化大學
國際企業管理學系
100
Recently, domestic enterprises reduced capital a lot. According to Securities and Exchange Law and Company Law, capital decreases are divided into three types (1) treasury stock, (2) compensation of loss, (3) capital reduction by cash. This study used event study that ordinary least squares (OLS) is applied to evaluate the abnormal returns of capital reduction in Taiwan listed companies. Besides, cross-sectional multiple regression is applied to investigate the factors to impact the abnormal returns of capital decreased companies. The empirical results show that when the company to carry out capital decrease, the company’s stock price have significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns during the event periods. It represents that market will response to the events immediately and significantly. The company with treasury stock have significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns. It represents that investors use the message of capital decrease as favorable news for the company's stock price. There will have significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns after the event date of the company with the capital reduction to compensate for loss. The company with the capital reduction by cash will have significantly positive cumulative abnormal returns in the market. The abnormal returns of the companies with capital decrease are related to financial ratios including book-to-market ratio, debt ratio and cash flow ratio.
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Harris, Riley. "Normative Uncertainty and Information Value." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/135295.
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This thesis is about making decisions when we are uncertain about what will happen, how valuable it will be, and even how to make decisions. Even the most sure-footed amongst us are sometimes uncertain about all three, but surprisingly little attention has been given to the latter two. The three essays that constitute my thesis hope to do a small part in rectifying this problem. The first essay is about the value of finding out how to make decisions. Society spends considerable resources funding people (like me) to research decision-making, so it is natural to wonder whether society is getting a good deal. This question is so shockingly underresearched that bedrock facts are readily discoverable, such as when this kind of information is valuable. My second essay concerns whether we can compare value when we are uncertain about value. Many people are in fact uncertain about value, and how we deal with this uncertainty hinges on these comparisons. I argue that value comparisons are only sometimes possible; I call this weak comparability. This essay is largely a synthesis of the literature, but I also present an argument which begins with a peculiar view of the self: it is as if each of us is a crowd of different people separated by time (but connected by continuity of experience). I’m not the first to endorse this peculiar view of the self, but I am the first to show how it supports the benign view that value is sometimes comparable. We may be uncertain of any decision rules, even those that would tell us how to act when we face uncertainty in decision rules. We may be uncertain of how to decide how to decide how to... And so on. If so, we might have to accept infinitely many decision rules just to make any mundane decision, such as whether to pick up a fivecent piece from the gutter. My third essay addresses this problem of regress. I think all of our decisions are forced: we must decide now or continue to deliberate. Surprisingly, this allows us to avoid the original problem. I call this solution “when forced, do your best”.Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities: Philosophy, 2021
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Tsang, Kowk-Wah, and 曾國華. "Information Transparency and Value of Conclusion - Analysis in Value Reporting." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89473934726214007871.
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碩士國立交通大學
高階主管管理學程碩士班
92
Financial statements have been the most important tools management uses to communicate with the market all the time. But with the change of economics, the importance of intangible assets increase recently. And it seems that traditional financial reporting fails to address the important value drivers in the New Economy. The information of Value Reporting covers financial and non-financial metrics of performance measurements, historical and future data. It provides a better reporting to the users and motivates enterprises to re-evaluate the information they submitted, the revised information is able to show how short-term and long-term value creative and value retain activities that managers perform to enhance the possibility of value achievement in order to improve the transparent problems. Moreover, it also develops a specific report along with industry instead of traditional one. To illustrate and examine the relationship of corporate value and the development of financial reporting, literature review and case study were employed. The results are as following: First, because of the change of economics, companies should provide more forward-looking and non-financial information to help users’ decision making. Second, Value Reporting is extremely related to the investment judgement of investors.
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Wang, Ya-xuan, and 王雅萱. "The Association between Fair Value ,Information Transparency and Firm Value." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66133230859159488019.
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碩士長榮大學
經營管理研究所
103
Motivated by fair value relevance studies, this study examines weather accounting information based on fair value is more value relevant than accounting information based on historical cost. Using data from Taiwan stock markets during 2005-2013, this study finds that assets measured by fair value are more value relevant than assets measured by historical cost. Furthermore, this study does not find that the value relevance of fair value accounting information increases for companies with the high level of accounting transparency. This study finds that the value relevance of fair value accounting information increases for companies with high level of accounting transparency and companies have more independent directors or with more institution investors or companies audited by Big 4. Finally, this study does not finds that companies with high level of accounting transparency and companies have audit committee increases the value relevance of fair value accounting information.
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Shu-Lan, Hsu, and 徐淑蘭. "The Impact of Fair Value Hierarchy Information on Firm Value." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64255664110397794076.
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碩士亞洲大學
國際企業學系碩士在職專班
101
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of fair value hierarchy information on firm value and it also analyzes the relation between intellectual capital (IC) and market value. By adopting the Residual Income Valuation Model Of Ohlson(1995) , the sample of this study is collected from the listed banks between 2011 and 2012 in Taiwan as the subjects. The empirical result indicates that the disclosure of the hierarchy information can elevate the value of firm. For the financial holding banks and independent banks, the disclosure of fair value of financial assets instruments has a significant positive effect on market value. The empirical result shows that there is a significant positive association between market value and most of IC elements. However, due to the difference of firm structure, the holding banks should focus on how to improve the customer capital and the process capital of the independent banks in order to increase the firm value.