Journal articles on the topic 'Information theory in economics – Case studies'
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1
Fritz, Melanie, Gaetano Martino, and Giulio Surci. "Trust conditional on governance structure: theory and evidence from case studies." Journal on Chain and Network Science 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2008.x087.
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The paper proposes the idea that trust-based relationships can be established within the specific governance structures chosen by the agents. The theoretical background of this paper spans the literature from transaction cost and contract theory to supplier relationship management and trust theory. First communication and experience, risk perception attitude and the trade-off between trust and control are discussed within the analysis of trust source factors. Then these elements are considered in the light of Transaction Cost Economics. Three case studies are then presented in order to corroborate the theoretical proposition.
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Bitsch, Vera, and Michael Hogberg. "Exploring Horticultural Employees' Attitudes Toward Their Jobs: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Herzberg's Theory of Job Satisfaction." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 37, no. 3 (December 2005): 659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800027152.
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Job satisfaction is likely the most studied work-related attitude and is assumed to influence a variety of behaviors. This study analyzes the job satisfaction of agricultural employees using Herzberg's theory, which is broadly employed in management. Fourteen horticultural businesses participated in case studies of labor-management practices. Fifteen nonsupervisory employee interviews were analyzed regarding job satisfaction. Components of job satisfaction relevant to horticultural employees were family-business values, achievement, recognition, work itself, involvement, personal life, interpersonal relationships, job security, supervision, working conditions, organization, safety, compensation, and information. While support for Herzberg's theory is weak, it is useful for classifying employees' attitudes.
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Sandberg, Berit. "Functions of intermediaries in arts-based cooperations." Arts and the Market 7, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aam-06-2016-0007.
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Purpose Arts-based cooperations between business and the arts create innovative solutions for companies by introducing artistic practices. Cooperations of this nature are predominantly prepared and implemented by intermediaries who act as “matchmakers” and bridge the cultural clash. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach For the present study on the function of such intermediaries, qualitative data material from interviews and case studies on arts-based cooperations was collected and analysed. Findings This paper analyses the results from an institutional economics perspective. By drawing on transaction cost theory and information economics, the findings are transformed into an intermediation theory of arts-based cooperations. The theory postulates that intermediaries are able to reduce transaction costs as well as the risks which are contingent on asymmetric information. Involving an intermediary produces cost advantages compared to direct contact between companies and artists. Originality/value The analysis illuminates an important but heretofore neglected aspect of arts-based initiatives thus providing an indication for their successful implementation.
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Thompson, Gareth. "Public relations interactions with Wikipedia." Journal of Communication Management 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-12-2014-0083.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the relevance of the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework (Ostrom, 1990) in understanding the incentives for public relations (PR) practitioners’ interactions with Wikipedia, and other common-pool media. Design/methodology/approach – This interdisciplinary conceptual paper applies the economics theory of commons governance to two case studies of PR interactions with Wikipedia. Findings – The analysis concludes that commons governance theory identifies the downside risks of opportunistic behaviour by PR practitioners in their interactions with media commons such as Wikipedia. The paper concludes that Ostrom’s IAD model is relevant to the governance of PR interactions and offers guidance on productive PR practice in common-pool media. Research limitations/implications – The analysis was applied to only two cases for which information was widely available. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for the scope of PR practice in its interactions with common-pool media. The economic value of information held by PR professionals has been undermined by the collaborative nature of common-pool media, which has consequences for the role of PR. Originality/value – The paper introduces an economic theory and related literature to PR scholarship and applies them to PR practice. The paper aims to stimulate further research into the application of economic ideas to PR practice and to encourage discussion on the place of economic theory in PR knowledge.
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Carroll, Jeffrey. "One study, four cities: information impact in neighborhood economic development." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 14, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-07-2019-0070.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to create a theory on how a commissioned study impacts the decision-making of local government officials. Design/methodology/approach This study uses comparative case studies via the “Knowledge Cycle,” which is a method of examining information use for four distinct decision-making environments’ development (Baltimore, Maryland; Louisville, Kentucky; Detroit, Michigan; and Tampa, Florida). Findings This study reports significance in three factors that may explain information impact: the presence of an “information champion” who directs the application of the study toward initiatives that are important to them, the length of time that one can use information before it becomes outdated and the ability to use the study to spur dialogue with development stakeholders outside of local government. Research limitations/implications The limitation to this study is that it is limited to the observation of a specific population (local government economic development bureaucrats) and their use of a specific package of information. The debate is open to whether the findings of this study are relevant to actors using other types of information within other levels of government and within other fields of inquiry. Practical implications Advances in information technology and the proliferation of data intermediaries who can use sophisticated analysis warrant the understanding how government officials interact with the studies that they commission. Originality/value To date, there are few studies that have examined how a singular package of information is used in multiple decision-making environments. This paper adds to this dearth of scholarship while creating theory to how and why local decision-makers may use information.
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Levin, Jonathan. "Relational Incentive Contracts." American Economic Review 93, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 835–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282803322157115.
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Standard incentive theory models provide a rich framework for studying informational problems but assume that contracts can be perfectly enforced. This paper studies the design of self-enforced relational contracts. I show that optimal contracts often can take a simple stationary form, but that self-enforcement restricts promised compensation and affects incentive provision. With hidden information, it may be optimal for an agent to supply the same inefficient effort regardless of cost conditions. With moral hazard, optimal contracts involve just two levels of compensation. This is true even if performance measures are subjective, in which case optimal contracts terminate following poor performance.
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Kanobe, Fredrick, SP Sambo, and Billy Mathias Kalema. "Information Security Governance Framework in Public Cloud a Case in Low Resource Economies in Uganda." Journal of Innovation Information Technology and Application (JINITA) 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/jinita.v4i1.1292.
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The study aimed at exploring the critical enablers to the development and usage of information security governance frameworks for cloud computing in Uganda. The study was motivated by the continuous information security governance challenges in the Public Cloud. The theoretical frameworks that underpinned this study included; Contingency management theory, the Risk Management framework, the Technological Organisational and Environmental (TOE) model and the Information Security Governance model. This study adopted a quantitative research approach to obtain data through a survey. Five key factors for information security governance were identified: a) Technological factors: flexibility, scalability, availability, agility, data protection governance, trust of cloud, data source, maintenance, data retention and policy. b) Organisation: size and structure of the organisation, top management support. c) Environmental factors: governance and regulation, marketing, vendor, resource availability, obsoleteness. d) Individual: user resistance, attitude, skills, belief and learnability. e) Risk management and control factors: risk assessment, disaster recovery, access and authorisation control, monitoring, auditing, and process risk control. The study contributes to theory and practice in information security. The developed framework and its accompanying model helped to inform public departments, organisational top management and information security strategies to avoid excessive information risks and potential regulatory compliance failures in public cloud. The study was inclined on subjective information security, which alone may not fully address all information security problems in a public cloud. Therefore, it is recommendable that future research studies on objective security in public cloud
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Kanobe, Fredrick, SP Sambo, and Billy Mathias Kalema. "Information Security Governance Framework in Public Cloud a Case in Low Resource Economies in Uganda." Journal of Innovation Information Technology and Application (JINITA) 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/jinita.v4i1.1427.
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The study aimed at exploring the critical enablers to the development and usage of information security governance frameworks for cloud computing in Uganda. The study was motivated by the continuous information security governance challenges in the Public Cloud. The theoretical frameworks that underpinned this study included; Contingency management theory, the Risk Management framework, the Technological Organisational and Environmental (TOE) model and the Information Security Governance model. This study adopted a quantitative research approach to obtain data through a survey. Five key factors for information security governance were identified: a) Technological factors: flexibility, scalability, availability, agility, data protection governance, trust of cloud, data source, maintenance, data retention and policy. b) Organisation: size and structure of the organisation, top management support. c) Environmental factors: governance and regulation, marketing, vendor, resource availability, obsoleteness. d) Individual: user resistance, attitude, skills, belief and learnability. e) Risk management and control factors: risk assessment, disaster recovery, access and authorisation control, monitoring, auditing, and process risk control. The study contributes to theory and practice in information security. The developed framework and its accompanying model helped to inform public departments, organisational top management and information security strategies to avoid excessive information risks and potential regulatory compliance failures in public cloud. The study was inclined on subjective information security, which alone may not fully address all information security problems in a public cloud. Therefore, it is recommendable that future research studies on objective security in public cloud.
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Hämäläinen, Esa, and Ulla Tapaninen. "Economics of a Nordic paper mill: case study." Industrial Management & Data Systems 110, no. 1 (February 2, 2010): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635571011008371.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal how the prices, costs, and logistics develop in the case mill and how these variables correlate with profits, and finally to give suggestions for improvements.Design/methodology/approachA typical Finnish paper mill is selected for the basis of the case study. The complete data for the mill for the years 2001 to 2007 at a monthly level are used. The data are obtained from the mill's financial management system and transferred to Excel. Statistica 4.1 software is used to run the statistical correlation analyses. The results can be generalized with certain limitations to paper manufacturing located at a long distance from its customers.FindingsThis paper gives an important insight into the economics of the Finnish paper industry. From theory‐building point of view, the empirical process data show that the variation in production lines is minimal, but there are important variations in paper deliveries. A lot can be gained in the logistics processes. Larger volumes delivered in tons also tend to increase profits. From the mill to the consignees, fluctuations in the process and paper sales grow substantially, which indicates longer storage times.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the case study are based on the data of a single large integrated paper mill in Finland covering the years 2001‐2007, so the results cannot be directly generalized to concern all Nordic paper mills. In May 2005, there was an industrial blackout, which considerably affected the production and deliveries of all Finnish paper mills in that year.Practical implicationsThe competitive advantages of the Finnish paper industry are undermined by low paper prices and costly logistics. The mill managers should increasingly focus on overcapacity and cost issues and also deliver volumes, which all could contribute to higher profits.Originality/valueIn this paper, the Finnish paper industry is studied through a time series, economic geography, and statistical tools. This approach is a novel method and gives new insights into this research object. The mill's economic variables, such as paper prices, profits, and logistics and manufacturing costs, and the characteristics of these issues in a spatial context are studied.
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Wilson, Asa B. "Attributes of turnaround rural hospitals: Case study findings and research opportunities." Journal of Hospital Administration 6, no. 6 (October 19, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n6p8.
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Background: Rural and Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) have a history of operating challenges and closure-conversion threats. The history is reviewed including the supportive public policy provisions and administrative tactics designed to maintain a community’s hospital as the hub and access point for health services. Limited research indicates that rural facilities are not strategic in their responses to challenges. A question emerges regarding the enduring nature of operating difficulties for these facilities, i.e., no understanding with explanatory value.Objective: The author, as the CEO in six rural hospitals designated as turnaround facilities, used inductive participant-observer involvement to identify operating attributes characteristic of these organizations. An objective description of each facility is provided. While implementing a turnaround intervention, fifteen behaviors or outcomes were found to be consistent across all six entities. This information is used to posit factors associated with or accounting for identified performance weaknesses.Conclusions: It is conceptualization that observed organizational behaviors can be explained as remnants of an agrarian ideology. Such a mindset is focused on preserving the status quo despite challenges that would require strategic positioning of the organization. In addition, emerging studies on community types indicates that follow-up research is needed that assesses the impact of community attributes on rural hospital performance. Also, this study shows that a theory of the rural hospital firm based on neo-classical economics has no explanatory value. Thus, a theory of the firm can be developed that includes behavioral economic principles.
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Avdasheva, S. B., and G. F. Yusupova. "Economic analysis of the firm’s boundaries and the limits of competition: The case of Nord Stream 2 AG." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-10-134-151.
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Using publicly available information, the article examines the economic concepts, which underlie the arguments of the decision of Polish competition authority UOKiK in relation to the participants of the Nord Stream 2. It explains the interrelation between economic and legal concepts, which are to be applied to interpret the competitive impact of joint venture and probable theory of harm for infrastructure investments under competition law of European Union, including in comparison with Russian competition law. It has been demonstrated that the resolution of a consortium case should be based on the proof of two statements. The first statement implies that the joint venture is a firm (and therefore the creation of a joint venture is a deal leading to economic concentration). The second statement means that despite Gazprom adopted the commitments about decision of the European Commission and trends in the development of the European gas market, the possibility of price discrimination is retained. Discussion and contestation of the decision against PJSC Gazprom testify in favor of maintaining the relevance of institutional studies and studies of industry markets for resolving legal disputes arising from the application of competition law.
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Bian, Yiyang, Lele Kang, and J. Leon Zhao. "Dual decision-making with discontinuance and acceptance of information technology: the case of cloud computing." Internet Research 30, no. 5 (June 16, 2020): 1521–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-05-2019-0187.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate organizational information technology (IT) deployment from a dual decision-making perspective. This study builds on rational choice theory to characterize how the costs and values of incumbent IT and those of the corresponding new cloud computing influence a company's dual decision of discontinuance and acceptance.Design/methodology/approachThis study chooses cloud computing as the research context, since it is one of the most well-accepted ITs in current practice. By using survey methodology, the data were collected from organizations around the world. Our hypotheses were examined via multimethod analyses, including the partial least squares, the multinomial log it regression and the analysis of variance.FindingsThis research reveals that organizations often follow the dual decision-making process in IT deployment regarding a non-cloud, hybrid structure and full-cloud considers incumbent IT discontinuance and new cloud computing acceptance. These results indicate that organizations may embrace cloud computing because of its perceived high system compatibility and low support costs. Meanwhile, security threats remain the primary obstacles to conducting business in the cloud.Originality/valuePrevious studies mainly focus on a single aspect and do not reveal the intricacies of the interactions between the reduction of incumbent IT and the addition of new IT. To address this gap in the body of knowledge, our study proposes a dual decision model based on a dialectical understanding of new and incumbent IT mechanisms instead of a singular IT acceptance model.
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Avgerou, Chrisanthi, Silvia Masiero, and Angeliki Poulymenakou. "Trusting e-voting amid experiences of electoral malpractice: The case of Indian elections." Journal of Information Technology 34, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268396218816199.
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This article constructs explanatory theory on trust in e-voting, a term that refers to the use of stand-alone IT artefacts in voting stations. We study e-voting as a techno-organisational arrangement embedded in the process of elections and the broader socio-economic context of a country. Following a critical realist approach, we apply retroduction and retrodiction principles to build theory by complementing existing studies of e-voting with insights from an in-depth case study of elections in India. First, we seek evidence of trust in e-voting in the responses of the public to the announcement of election results. Then we derive the following four mechanisms of trust creation or loss: the association of e-voting with the production of positive democratic effects; the making of e-voting part of the mission and identity of electoral authorities; the cultivation of a positive public attitude to IT with policies for IT-driven socio-economic development; and, in countries with turbulent political cultures, a clear distinction between the experience of voting as orderly and experiences of malpractice in other election tasks. We suggest that these mechanisms explain the different experience with e-voting of different countries. Attention to them helps in assessing the potential of electoral technologies in countries that are currently adopting them, especially fragile democracies embarking upon e-voting.
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Calandra, Davide, and Federico Lanzalonga. "Exploring social exchange theory in Italian cultural heritage. A case study on the Ordine Mauriziano Foundation's Historical Archives." CONTABILITÀ E CULTURA AZIENDALE, no. 2 (July 2022): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/cca2021-002003.
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Introduction: Among the fifty-five Italian cultural treasures listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, there is the Palazzina di Caccia in Stupinigi. The monument is part of the cultural heritage of the Fondazione Ordine Mauriziano, whose historical archives contain a wealth of information on the territorial growth of the Savoy's Kingdom. The research analyses the case study of the exchange of Gravassola and Belriparo with land that was not part of Filippo Juvarra's ambitious initial project. Aims of the work: The paper uses social exchange theory to explore trust, motivation, empowerment, fair reward and security in past economic exchanges. It also aims to show the research potential of the Historical Archives of the Ordine Mauriziano Foundation. Methodological approach: Through a deep reading of the documents in the historical archive integrated with second-level sources, the authors investigated the application of social exchange theory. The research focused on the desire of the Savoy family to increase their cultural heritage, despite economic losses. Documents within the archive from 1729 to 1738 were considered. Main findings: The research provides an opportunity to extend the social exchange theory in a new context. Furthermore, it investigates the mechanism of territorial expansion through an exchange contract to increase the patrimonial dimension. Finally, it allows the readers to explore synergy features relevant in different modern contexts. Originality: The paper's uniqueness lies in the application of social exchange theory, a theoretical framework unusual in accounting history studies. Finally, few papers consider the Historical Archives of the Ordine Mauriziano Foundation.
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Sinal, Aysin. "How Psychoanalytic Process’s Work: Considering the Relation between Traditional Theory and Contemporary Scientific Theory and Techniques." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (September 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0049.
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The main aim of this article is to try and demonstrate the difficulties and obstacles involved during the process of psychoanalytical therapy, mainly a case conceptualization by taking both traditional Psychoanalytical theory and contemporary scientific findings into consideration. By looking at the traditional theory of psychoanalysis, it is palpable that interpretation and the study of the human mind will eventually deem the issue of subjectivity undeniable, as you will see from the reference section, of those used; essential materials from the International Journal of psychoanalysis, introductory lectures of Freud, and studies of hysteria and also for the contemporary reference, lecture notes of Wilma Bucci (2009). This article will focus mainly on resistance, and what then is the cure? Freud described the notion of an analytic cure in ‘Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis’. Through this method, psychoanalysis sets itself up as the ‘talking cure’ and communication, its weapon. Any process of communication which does not have the aim of providing a cure isn’t in the strict sense of the word, psychoanalysis. According to Freud, the ego is the source for three types of resistance while the super-ego and the Id is responsible for each other. This article has no methodology since all the information used is based on theoretical information obtained from reliable sources and all references have been included accordingly. According to Wilma, the contemporary psychoanalytic process differs. Due to the nature of this article, the conclusion is the fact that further research is required to observe how exactly theory relates to technique and therapy becomes more effective.
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Turnbull, Shann. "A Sustainable Future for Corporate Governance Theory and Practice." Journal of Corporate Governance, Insurance, and Risk Management 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56578/jcgirm040201.
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With this paper we show how the natural “science of control and communications in the animal and the machine” identified by Wiener in 1948 can be applied to social organizations to establish a science of governance. Evidence is provided that current practices are not consistent with the laws of nature or the practices of living things that must become self-regulating and self-governing to exist in dynamic unknowable complex environments. Case studies of stakeholder mutual firms with hundreds of boards show how an ecological form of polycentric decision-making provides: (a) division of powers; (b) checks and balances; (c) distributed intelligence to reduce information overload, and (d) decomposition of decision-making labour to introduce tensions of challenge; (e) a requisite variety of cross checking communication and control channels from stakeholder engagement to improve their integrity; (f) integration of management and governance to further self- regulation and self-governance with: (g) operating advantages such as resiliency, sustainability and wellbeing for firm, its stakeholders and society. The case studies illustrate how ecological governance could reduce the size, scope, cost and intrusiveness of government and their regulators while improving economic efficiency and enriching democracy with widespread citizen stakeholder engagement.
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Puciato, Daniel. "Behavioral Factors in Hotel Location: a Study of Hotels from Opole Province in Poland." Turyzm/Tourism 30, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.30.1.21.
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The choice of location is one of the key economic decisions for hotel owners. In modern economics traditional premises are increasingly questioned, and assumptions are often made involving imperfect competition, limited rationality of behavior, and the incomplete scope of information or the inability to use it effectively. This is also reflected in the theory of location within which a behavioral trend has been developed assuming the occurrence of non-economic, subjective factors in making location decisions. The aim of the paper is to identify behavioral factors in hotel location in Opolskie Province in Poland. The paper uses four main research methods: literature review, documentation, diagnostic survey and individual case studies. The study results confirm the importance of the behavioral approach in the process of selecting a location for independent hotels in Opolskie Province, involving the choice of secondary or primary locations. In the latter case, the decision-making process is based entirely on behavioral factors or is supplemented by them in situations where an objective approach is not connected with decision-making certainty. Behavioral factors such as intuition, emulation, experience, place of origin and residence, individual cases and the influence of others should be regarded as highly significant.
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Munifa, Hartoyo. "Customer relationship management strategy in Starbucks card optimization in the Pandemic era." International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v4i1.6817.
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Marketing communication is important, in this case paying attention to Customer Relationship Management. The number of companies that are currently competing fiercely has become a trigger for Starbucks Indonesia to maintain the loyalty of existing customers because the competition is quite tight from competitors considering that this company is engaged in the food and beverage sector which means maximum service and quality of products delivered to customers. In this era of pandemic, Starbucks ' card strategy is very profitable and makes it easier for customers to order drinks or food online. The existence of loyal customers is evidenced by the use of the Starbucks Card, so the purpose of this study is to determine the Customer Relationship Management Strategy in Optimizing the Starbucks Card in the Pandemic Era. This study used a qualitative approach and data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and document studies. For data collection techniques, the authors conduct interviews and view related documents which later the information obtained will be equated with the theory that the author uses in this study, namely Customer Relationship Management Theory and Loyalty Theory.
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Barry, Michael, and Lani Roux. "The Case Study Method in Examining Land Registration Usage." GEOMATICA 67, no. 1 (March 2013): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2013-004.
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The case study method is appropriate for examining how and why landholders choose to use or not use land registration to effect transactions after first registration. The paper covers two related approaches to building theory that explains land registration usage behaviour. The methodologies may be extended to examining usage of other forms of land tenure information system (LTIS). Land titling and registration projects have proliferated in the developing world since World War II, often motivated by the theory that economic benefits will flow from the capital vested in the land that is freed up as a consequence of registration. Many of these projects fail to produce the desired results because the intended beneficiaries do not register transactions after first registration. Surprisingly, few studies investigate the reasons for the failure of land titling projects from the perspective of the intended beneficiaries. The case study method is suited to examine the strategies that landholders use to secure transactions. The advantages of case studies are that they may include all the data the researcher deems relevant, they emphasise the local context, and certain phenomena may be examined more deeply than other methods of inquiry allow. In case studies, researchers can examine issues at the grassroots level while at the same time incorporating the influences of local politics, social change, land administration agency behaviour and the influence of local and national law and policy.
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Melin, Ulf, Pradip K. Sarkar, and Leslie W. Young. "To couple or not to couple." Information Technology & People 33, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 1149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-06-2018-0312.
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Purpose The predominant narrative is that contemporary organisations, motivated by economic-rationalist aspirations, adopt cloud applications on the premise of achieving cost-savings and efficiency gains. However, how they actually adopt and rollover such new or emerging technologies may be influenced by acts, patterns and processes of institutional legitimacy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics surrounding decisions on how specific cloud applications are adopted from the context of institutional theory, with a particular focus on the concepts of coupling and decoupling. Design/methodology/approach To examine this phenomenon, two qualitative case studies, using a reflexive research approach, of an Australian and a Swedish university have been undertaken, both of which adopted commercial cloud applications for e.g. e-mail, collaboration and storage (as examples of software as a service) at different points in time. One of the universities was known for its early adoption of cloud applications, but had decelerated further deployment of such services, while the other, despite its conservative reputation, has made rapid strides in this regard. Findings The findings of the dual case studies reveal that organisations, contrary to economic-rationalist claims, may or may not decide to adopt particular commercial cloud-based offerings for the support of core operations, on the basis of how they perceive their institutional legitimacy being affected by a complex network of influential actors, both internally and in the external spaces. Therefore, this paper offers an institutional theory-based discourse and rich illustrations on how the role of technology is played out in enhancing relationships between an organisation and such actors in terms of legitimacy focusing acts of coupling and decoupling. Originality/value In the analysis and findings the authors, in a novel way, illustrate how organisations strive for: institutional legitimacy through acts of coupling, and the revelations of consequential decoupling. The value is based on a rich case description, analysis and application of institutional theory.
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Tayauova, Prof Dr Gulzhanat. "Message from Editor." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i1.3292.
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Message from Editor
Dear Readers,
It is the great honor for us to publish seventh volume, second issue of Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues.
Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues is an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-refereed journal which aims to provide a global platform for professionals working in the field of business, economics, management, accounting, marketing, banking and finance and scholars and researchers to share their theoretical, empirical and practical knowledge on current issues in the area of business, economics and management.
The scope of Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues includes; but is not limited to current issues on; Accounting, Advertising Management, Business and Economics, Business Ethics, Business Intelligence, Business Information Systems, Business Law, International Finance, Labor Economics, Labor Relations & Human Resource Management, Law and Economics, Management Information Systems, Business Law, Business Performance Management, Business Statistics, Communications Management, Comparative Economic Systems, Consumer Behavior, Corporate Finance and Governance, Corporate Governance, Cost Management, Management Science, Market Structure and Pricing, Marketing Research and Strategy, Marketing Theory and Applications, Operations Research, Organizational Behavior & Theory, Organizational Communication, Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles, Product Management, Decision Sciences, Development Planning and Policy, Economic Development, Economic Methodology, Economic Policy and so on.
Aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share the results of their academic studies. There are different research topics discussed in the articles. Topics including a case study on reading news and ICT as a motivational tools in teaching, Responsible sourcing practices in hazelnut industry, applicable quality management tools in a production cycle of a selected company, brand positioning of domestic services in Australia and significant leadership competencies at large industrial companies: Results of exploratory quantitative research are included in the current issue.
The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal to provide a rich knowledge of the field. Different kinds of topics will be discussed in 2018 Volume. A total number of thirteen (13) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of five (5) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.
We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.
Best regards,
Prof. Dr. Gulzhanat Tayauova
Editor – in Chief
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Sharma, Seema, and Elizabeth Mary Daniel. "Isomorphic factors in the adoption of ERP by Indian medium-sized firms." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 29, no. 6 (October 10, 2016): 798–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-07-2014-0076.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to adopt an institutional theory perspective to investigate the adoption of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems by medium-sized firms in India. The rationale for this study is to provide a more complete understanding of ERP adoption, moving beyond the traditional technical and economic perspectives to include social, cultural and structural influences. These later influences are more implicit, insidious and pervasive and hence require elucidatory studies such as this, but offer a greater understanding of the adoption of information systems (IS). Design/methodology/approach The study is undertaken by means of nine case studies of medium-sized firms in India that have adopted ERP systems. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with a range of staff in each firm and are supplemented by data from other sources such as site visit notes. Findings Institutionally based studies have tended to focus on three high-level isomorphic pressures: coercive, normative and mimetic. The study identifies number of more detailed factors that contribute to each of these three pressures. These more detailed factors are then used to consider how factors can interact and how they can explain aspects of the Indian context of the study. Originality/value The conceptual contribution of this study is to move beyond the technical and economic rationales frequently identified for the adoption of IS by identifying influences that are social, cultural and structural in nature. The study shows that the three high-level isomorphic pressures, mimetic, coercive and normative are comprised of more detailed factors. The empirical contribution of the paper is to identify these detailed factors, and to explore their influence, in the case of ERP adoption by Indian medium-sized firms. The study is of value to practitioners, since it is at the detailed level of factors that managers can recognize the forces they are subject to and can take action. It is also valuable to researchers since the detailed factors help address two limitations of institutional theory; a lack of agency perspective and a degree of conceptual ambiguity.
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Burdenko, I., and A. Korol. "BEHAVIORAL THEORY AND ACCOUNTING SYSTEM." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 4 (2021): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.4-13.
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The article is devoted to the study of the essence of behavioral theory and its relationship with accounting as a system. Behavioral theory studies and explains human behavior through incentives and punishments and today this theory is interdisciplinary, because it allows you to predict human behavior during management decisions in the process of economic activity. Behavioral science is a component of economic psychology, which analyzes and studies the behavior of people using a systematic approach, that is, the object is considered as a system in whole. The role of behavioral science is unquestionably important in economic relations, because the use of its main features will allow you to gain advantages among competitors in the common business space, improve production due to more efficient labor of workers, and even before understand this or that decision of both opponents and partners. Behavioral theory is based on the appropriate link between the information needed to make decisions and the response of different individuals or even groups of individuals to it to meet their own needs or solve certain problems. The work summarizes the main features of behavioral theory and identifies it as the main targets that are directly related to the profession of "an accountant." According to behavioral theory, the behavior of an employee, in our case an accountant, can be conditionally divided into respondent and operant. A study of the main characteristics of behavioral science led to the need to identify its relationship with the accounting system. Behavioral theory interacts and affects precisely the technical and organizational subsystems of accounting, which directly affects the final product of the accounting system itself - management decision-making by stakeholders and other users. The result of the behavioral approach is the formation of professional judgment directly among employees of accounting, management and stakeholders. It is proved that behavioral theory not only explains the behavior of an accountant, but also has an impact on the formation of his "Hard skills" and professional judgment, which directly affects the management decisions of users of accounting information. In addition, in the article it is reasonable that modern targets of behavioral science correlate with the goals of sustainable development and contribute to the harmonic and sustainable development of the economy and society.
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Palimąka, Karolina. "Financial Literacy of Students – The Case Study of UITM in Rzeszów, Poland." Financial Internet Quarterly 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2020-0021.
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Abstract The article focuses on the phenomenon of financial literacy of students. Financial literacy is treated as a combination of financial knowledge and the decision-making process where one has to make a choice based on experience and theory. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the essence of financial literacy, including knowledge of banking (especially of young people). For this purpose, a literature review was used. Own research complements the topic as a case study, where the author verifies whether students assess their knowledge in a way that corresponds to reality and verifies whether students need to expand their financial knowledge sorely necessary nowadays. The survey was completed by 380 students from University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, of both economic and non-economic field of studies. There are some unexpected results, for example the most important is that students from a financial field of studies end up with worse results than their peers from the non-financial degree programs.
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Atanasov, V. A., D. J. Greenwood, H. Ross, and D. E. Sanchez. "Forensic Delay Analysis as Evidence of Transaction Costs in Construction Projects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 5 (November 1, 2022): 052009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/5/052009.
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Abstract Construction projects are characterised by supply chains with multiple contracts and significant transaction costs. An example of these costs is to be found in the management of project delays. The operationalisation and measurement of transaction costs, especially in the construction context, has hitherto proved difficult. The work reported here is concerned with defining and measuring the resources required for the management of contractual disputes relating to project delays. Its main argument is that concepts from transaction cost economics (TCE) theory (bounded rationality, uncertainty, information asymmetry, and opportunistic behaviour) present serious problems for transaction efficiency. This is exemplified in forensic analysis of construction project delays. Data from twelve case studies are analysed, to reveal that up to 90% of time spent on delay analysis was concerned with searching for and validating information which could, ostensibly, be automatically and reliably captured using digital technologies. This research forms part of a wider study that considers the implications of the identified inefficiencies and makes a case for the exploitation of advances in information technology on the more efficient resolution (or even avoidance) of contractual disputes. It concludes that there is a prima facie case for this, and therefore for the reduction in the transaction costs that relate to the management of construction project delays.
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Bodіuk, Adam. "Ground of concepts of mountain economy and economic geology." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 20 (November 2019): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.20.2019.13.
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Subject of research: natural and cost information that displays over-resourceobjects and processes of over-use. The purpose of this article is to substantiate theconcepts that theoretically determine the geological, industrial and cost aspects ofsupra-use, mining, economic geology, mining economics; generalization,systematization of their possible objects; determination of the main researchmethods and the importance of super-resources in the further development of theeconomy, the domestic mineral resource base, taking into account the requirementsfor scientific research and production needs for sub-resources. The researchmethodology consists in applying a set of methods: historical (processes of formationof minerals and their deposits in the distant past), comparative, abstract-logicalanalysis (definition of the concepts of economic geology and mining economics),generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals), legal analysis ( studyof the legal framework for substantiating definitions of economic geology andmining economics). The results of the work - it is justified that the concept ofsubsoil use should be considered as a cross-cutting scientific and economic activity,which covers the study of historical processes of mineral formation, a modern studyof the geology of the subsoil, exploitation of deposits, mining, preparation ofextracted minerals for further transfer through the sphere of commodity-moneyor barter exchange, their movement in space and time into the sphere of processingor directly production or th of application. The concept of requirements unitesminerals, mineral deposits, the processes of their exploration and exploitation. Inthe narrower case, the required processes are considered as a complex of processesand individual works on the study of deposits, mining and mineral processing, thatis, directly with minerals. Accordingly, we propose a mining economy to beconsidered as a scientific industry in a wide and narrow interpretation. Extraspecificexploration and mining production, infrastructure processes (storage, movementof minerals, etc.) are widely studied; in the narrow-mining. Conclusions-on alegal basis, summarized as objects of research in the mining economy, as objectsof economic relations for economic theory, it is proposed to take mineral deposits,minerals, processes and processors of subsurface exploitation, labor of enterprisepersonnel, which is used for exploration and production of sub-resources, thenthere are natural objects, living and embodied labor of enterprises. Economicgeology studies information and determines the cost estimates of explorationresearch and work.
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BELLALAH, MONDHER, and ZHEN WU. "A MODEL FOR MARKET CLOSURE AND INTERNATIONAL PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT WITHIN INCOMPLETE INFORMATION." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 05, no. 05 (August 2002): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024902001559.
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This paper presents of model of market closure in the management of international portfolios. We consider an investor holding a portfolio of domestic stocks and foreign stocks who faces market closure in the management of his portfolio. The investor's portfolio is affected by the exchange rate risk and different dynamics of the underlying assets during the period of trading and non-trading. The investor must determine the optimal proportions of his wealth to allocate to domestic stocks and foreign stocks during the market open and close periods. The paper investigates the effects of opening and closing on transactions demand of domestic and foreign stocks. The transactions demand at open and close periods in the securities markets are studied in the presence of information costs using the main concepts in Merton's (1987) model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information. Using optimal control theory, we provide a solution in the general case and propose analytic solutions for the constant relative aversion utility functions. The model can be applied to solve several problems in financial economics in the presence of market closure.
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Reddy, Raghunandan, Arun Kumar Sharma, and Munmun Jha. "Gendered labour process." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 9/10 (September 9, 2019): 831–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2019-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perspective of “gendered labour process” to explore the aspectsof managerialism, which utilize gender as a control measure to achieve its ends. The paper seeks to integrate gender and labour process theory and contribute to studies on gendering of organizations that focus on organization logic as well as integrated studies of labour process theory and gender. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilizes thematic analysis as the method for analysing the interviews of senior managers in an information technology service organization in India, to identify managerial ideologies and practices. Findings A gendered labour process perspective could reveal the institutional orders that systemically discriminate or exclude women in organizations, rather than gender ideologies alone. Practical implications Rather than focussing on gender sensitization alone, as is the case with the gender diversity initiatives, it may be fruitful to revisit work design and work organization, to identify and implement changes, so that women’s marginalization and exclusion from certain workplaces could be minimized. Social implications A view of gendered labour process could aid public policies aimed at enabling women to continue their employment without disruptions. Originality/value The paper attempted to integrate gender and labour process theory by delineating the organization logic that deploys gender as a means of managerial control.
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Gerber, Aurona, Pierre le Roux, and Alta van der Merwe. "Enterprise Architecture as Explanatory Information Systems Theory for Understanding Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Growth." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208517.
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Understanding and explaining small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) growth is important for sustainability from multiple perspectives. Research indicates that SMEs comprise more than 80% of most economies, and their cumulative impact on sustainability considerations is far from trivial. In addition, for sustainability concerns to be prioritized, an SME has to be successful over time. In most developing countries, SMEs play a major role in solving socio-economic challenges. SMEs are an active research topic within the information systems (IS) discipline, often within the enterprise architecture (EA) domain. EA fundamentally adopts a systems perspective to describe the essential elements of a socio-technical organization and their relationships to each other and to the environment in order to understand complexity and manage change. However, despite rapid adoption originally, EA research and practice often fails to deliver on expectations. In some circles, EA became synonymous with projects that are over-budget, over-time and costly without the expected return on investment. In this paper, we argue that EA remains indispensable for understanding and explaining enterprises and that we fundamentally need to revisit some of the applications of EA. We, therefore, executed a research study in two parts. In the first part, we applied IS theory perspectives and adopted the taxonomy and structural components of theory to argue that EA, as represented by the Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture (ZFEA), could be adopted as an explanatory IS theory. In the second part of the study, we subsequently analysed multiple case studies from this theoretical basis to investigate whether distinguishable focus patterns could be detected during SME growth. The final results provide evidence that EA, represented through an appropriate framework like the ZFEA, could serve as an explanatory theory for SMEs during start-up, growth and transformation. We identified focus patterns and from these results, it should be possible to understand and explain how SMEs grow. Positioning the ZFEA as explanatory IS theory provides insight into the role and purpose of the ZFEA (and by extension EA), and could assist researchers and practitioners with mediating the challenges experienced by SMEs, and, by extension, enhance sustainable development.
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Montani, Damiano, Francesco Perrini, Daniele Gervasio, and Andrea Pulcini. "The Importance of “Contextualisation” in Small and Medium-Sized Firms Valuation: Evidences from an Italian Case Study." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n1p70.
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The valuation of a small or medium-sized enterprise through subjective methods, may not exclude a correct contextualisation of the data forming the information base of the estimate. “Contextualisation” refers to the general overview of all those elements that allow a proper definition of the enterprise’s background. All of this serves in the analysis for the correct data necessary for the determination of values such as the economic and financial flows to discount, the timeframe of analysis and the discount rate. Without a correct contextualisation, it is not possible to reach a correct measurement of the company value in accordance with the studies on the “theory of value”. After observing that “contextualisation” has not been widely studied till now for the theory of value, the present work analyses the incidence on the measurement of the company value, showing with an empirical case the different results that may be reached on the basis of the contextualisation of data. Hence, a correct “contextualisation” is crucial for the proper valuation of a company. Academic researches should take more carefully into consideration, this aspect concerning the valuation of a company and in particular, define more accurately the implementing rules in the assessment methods.
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Aranya, Rolee. "Location Theory in Reverse? Location for Global Production in the IT Industry of Bangalore." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, no. 2 (February 2008): 446–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38416.
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This paper is a detailed study of the location history of eight software and information technology (IT) enabled service firms, with varying attributes such as age of firm, type of work undertaken, and ownership sited in the southern Indian city of Bangalore. These cases are used to relate urban restructuring occurring in the city of Bangalore to the strategic shifting of location of firms within the urban fabric. While IT firms cannot be strictly classified as producer services, it is possible to contextualise their location decisions in terms of other office-based economic activities, such as producer services. Findings from the case studies are examined in relation to urban growth theories of the 1980s and 90s, which were related to an expansion of the service sector in advanced economies. The literature discussed in this paper explains the role of growth in producer services in suburbanisation of office space and the development of ‘edge cities’ and ‘suburban downtowns’ as alternatives to and in competition with traditional city centres. Studies of office location and contact patterns indicate the retention of management functions in the CBDs, with a consequent relocation of routine office operations to these suburban office spaces. The findings from the firms studied in Bangalore indicate a reverse pattern of peripheralisation of control functions and a retention of routine production functions in the core urban areas. The limited need for face-to-face contacts with actors in the local urban economy and the export-related output of this offshore industry are contributors to this apparent reversal of location dynamics. The paper briefly concludes with directions for future research on such specialised service production activity that is often being located in cities of developing countries, and its impact on the urban structure of these cities.
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Sarkadi, Ştefan, Alex Rutherford, Peter McBurney, Simon Parsons, and Iyad Rahwan. "The evolution of deception." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 9 (September 2021): 201032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201032.
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Deception plays a critical role in the dissemination of information, and has important consequences on the functioning of cultural, market-based and democratic institutions. Deception has been widely studied within the fields of philosophy, psychology, economics and political science. Yet, we still lack an understanding of how deception emerges in a society under competitive (evolutionary) pressures. This paper begins to fill this gap by bridging evolutionary models of social good— public goods games (PGGs)—with ideas from interpersonal deception theory (Buller and Burgoon 1996 Commun. Theory 6 , 203–242. ( doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00127.x )) and truth-default theory (Levine 2014 J. Lang. Soc. Psychol. 33 , 378–392. ( doi:10.1177/0261927X14535916 ); Levine 2019 Duped: truth-default theory and the social science of lying and deception . University of Alabama Press). This provides a well-founded analysis of the growth of deception in societies and the effectiveness of several approaches to reducing deception. Assuming that knowledge is a public good, we use extensive simulation studies to explore (i) how deception impacts the sharing and dissemination of knowledge in societies over time, (ii) how different types of knowledge sharing societies are affected by deception and (iii) what type of policing and regulation is needed to reduce the negative effects of deception in knowledge sharing. Our results indicate that cooperation in knowledge sharing can be re-established in systems by introducing institutions that investigate and regulate both defection and deception using a decentralized case-by-case strategy. This provides evidence for the adoption of methods for reducing the use of deception in the world around us in order to avoid a Tragedy of the Digital Commons (Greco and Floridi 2004 Ethics Inf. Technol. 6 , 73–81. ( doi:10.1007/s10676-004-2895-2 )).
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S. Benz, Daria. "Modelling of the еconomic growth factors: The case of the Ural regions and the Russian Federation." Journal of New Economy 21, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2020-21-3-6.
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Current pandemic-induced downturn has made the problem of economic growth even more acute for the Ural regions of Russia. The national economy is stagnating and trans mits the same processes to the regional economies. The paper aims to identify the economic growth factors for eight Ural regions and for the national economy as a whole. The author mod els the functions of economic growth for regions that are part of both the Ural Federal District and the Ural macroregion, thereby consciously expanding the study for comparative analysis. Methodologically, the paper relies on the theory of economic growth and theory of produc tion (works of C. W. Cobb, P. H. Douglas, R. M. Solow). The author uses econometric tools and builds regressions for eight regions and the national economy, where the outcome variable is the growth rate of gross regional product. The independent variables include the growth rates of the following indicators: industrial production, employment, investments in fixed assets, cost of fixed assets, average per capita incomes, costs of technological innovations. The source of statistical information is Rosstat data covering the period 1995–2018. Based on the constructed functions, the researcher draws a number of conclusions. For the majority of the Ural regions, as well as for the Russian economy, the deciding and the most elastic factor is the growth rate of industrial production. Results among regions vary, but in total, the growth rate of average per capita incomes is the second most important factor. The increase in employment affects greatly the economic growth, especially in those regions that have seen a drastic decline in the labour force over the past decades. The costs of technological innovation do not demonstrate high elasticity. The author suggests that the reason is that their amount is extremely small. Even high growth rates of costs of technological innovation do not produce a visible result, since their level remains catastrophically low. The results of the study can be used in the regional and national socioeconomic development strategies, as well as serve a basis for further economic studies.
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Ezeudu, Obiora B., and Tochukwu S. Ezeudu. "Implementation of Circular Economy Principles in Industrial Solid Waste Management: Case Studies from a Developing Economy (Nigeria)." Recycling 4, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4040042.
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The existing solid waste management principles are increasingly being replaced with discussions on circular economy (CE) principles in contemporary deliberations on solid waste handling. This shift is supported by the global adoption of the concept of sustainable development. The CE offers better prospects to solid waste management and has been implemented successfully in its full theory, practice, and policies in some developed locations of the world. The socio-economic disadvantages, insufficient expert knowledge and a lack of information have hindered its appropriateness and implementation in low and middle-income countries. Hence, the current research study examines the challenges and opportunities of implementing the circularity principle at the industrial sector level of a typical developing economy—Nigeria. Four different industries were selected for this case study—telecommunications, water packaging, pulp and paper and the food industry. These industries represent the major waste streams in an urban solid waste mix (waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), plastic, paper and organic). This study discovered several barriers and existing pre-conditions in place that could either foster or militate against the smooth and successful application of a CE model as a simple modification of the generic model. This study also discussed future directions on the implementation of the model.
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Bolos, Alexandra. "Considerations on assisted resilience and individualized therapy in bipolar affective disorder, with a clinical case exemplification." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 88, no. 4 (September 20, 2015): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-443.
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Morbidity, mortality and economic consequences of bipolar affective disorder are very important to be evaluated because many of the costs entailed by this psychiatric disorder come from indirect costs due to inadequate diagnosis and treatment and from the characteristics of the affective symptoms itself. Psychotherapy focuses on diagnosis and the newest pharmacotherapy determines a decreasing of the morbidity of the disorder and also of its social and economic burden . However, more studies are necessary, with more heterogeneous patients, to find more predictors regarding the psychosocial consequences and to find more information about the prognosis of the bipolar disorder.In this context, in this paper we discuss the role of assisted resilience and the individualization of the therapy of bipolar affective disorder, especially that the resilience must be seen as a continuum and can be used anytime and in any situation, according to the theory of Geanellos. This idea is reflected in a case presentation of a patient with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder.
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Sakhno, Evgen Yuriiovych, Nataliia Viktorivna Moroz, and Serhii Ivanovych Ponomarenko. "USE OF THE URBAN LOGIC THEORY WITH DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS MANAGEMENT." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA, no. 3(15) (2018): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-3(15)-119-126.
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Urgency of the research. The study of the methods of economic and financial evaluation of the effectiveness of development projects is an underdeveloped area of economic knowledge, due to the impossibility of predicting the obstacles associated with investments in the future, and the implementation of such projects is most often associated with risk and uncertainty. Target setting. Therefore, in this case, it is proposed to use fuzzy logic theory, which defines a modern approach to describe business processes that present uncertainty and inaccuracy of the source information. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The question of using the theory of fuzzy logic in the management of development projects is highlighted in the scholarly works of Ukrainian and foreign scholars such as Asai K, Borisov A. N., Gordienko I. V., Semenenko M. V., Mityushkin Yu. I., Mokin B. I. and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Known studies have shown that classical control methods work quite effectively at fully deterministic control objects and environments, and for systems with incomplete information and high complexity, fuzzy analysis methods that are optimal to be adapted to a modern project management system for constructing an integrated neural network are optimal. The research objective. The task is to use the fuzzy models to move on to the development of modern management technology with the use of artificial neural networks to integrate the enterprise management system and development projects. The statement of basic materials. The transition from traditional control systems to systems with fuzzy logic occurs using fuzzy variables. Let's consider the process of neural network modeling in the integration of enterprise management systems and development projects for the construction of a single integrated enterprise management system. Conclusion. In this paper we propose a methodology for the implementation of investment projects for the implementation of information systems based on fuzzy-plural approach, which allows to take into account qualitative aspects that do not have an exact numerical evaluation.
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Jozefczyk, Jerzy, and Dariusz Gasior. "Utility-based models and decision making problems for selected network processes." Kybernetes 44, no. 6/7 (June 1, 2015): 1107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2014-0299.
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Purpose – The concept of utility was the first time applied in Economics. The purpose of this paper is to report its usefulness for the decision making in complex technological systems, in general and in computer networks, in particular. Three selected decision-making problems are considered, corresponding solution algorithms are explained and results of numerical experiments are presented for the selected real-world case study. Design/methodology/approach – Referring to similar decision-making problems in Economics, three problems of different time horizon are investigated: strategic investment planning, short-term network rate allocation and on-line network operating. Deterministic and uncertain versions are taken into account, and the latter one is handled more thoroughly. The formalism of uncertain variables is used to represent the parameter uncertainty which concerns users’ demands for services in computer networks as well as network links’ capacities. Corresponding optimization tasks are presented. Numerical experiments concerning a part of the computer network Pionier working in Poland confirmed the usefulness of the solution algorithms proposed. Findings – The carried out numerical experiments verified the importance and worth of the decision-making algorithms for the Pionier computer network. It particularly concerns the game theory-based algorithm solving the on-line network operating problem which enables calculating the rates for computer links distinctly, i.e., separately for every link. Research limitations/implications – More case studies should be considered to formulate more general corollaries. The application of utility concept for wireless sensor networks needs further studies on solution algorithms. Practical implications – The results can be directly applied to a class of modern computer networks, e.g., content delivery networks, self-managing networks, context aware networks, multilevel virtual networks. Originality/value – The paper presents the unified and systematic approach for individual results previously obtained, and it considers one case study.
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Han, Chun Kwong. "Knowledge Super Corridors in Southeast Asia." International Journal of People-Oriented Programming 2, no. 2 (July 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2012070101.
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Developing countries in Asia are in the process of transitioning from a production economy to a knowledge-based economy. Various new knowledge and information communications technology mega-projects are being designed and executed at the international, national, state and industry levels to sustain competitiveness. The structures and processes by which these so-called “knowledge super corridors” are developed and implemented are complex economic-social-political decisions. The author develops an enhanced framework from critical theory, whereby the critical practice lens provides an iterative reflexive process, firstly by developing knowledge for understanding from structuration theory. Secondly, the author provides a critique of underpinning assumptions and presumptions whereby the constraining conditions of the status quo and emancipation become knowable and explicit, that is, knowledge for evaluation. Thirdly, the knowledge for action generated will enable the decision makers to re-create, re-define, re-design, re-imagine, re-invent and re-vision pragmatic, doable and implementable programs to transform a developing country into a k-economy. The author illustrates the value of the enhanced model using two case studies concerned with formulating and implementing a k-economy blueprint and developing a knowledge portal in emerging k-economies in Southeast Asia.
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Ahern, R. "The Role of Strategic Alliances in the International Organization of Industry." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 9 (September 1993): 1229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251229.
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In this study the motivations for entering international strategic alliances are investigated. The reasons for alliance entry reflect the ways firms are restructuring economic activities. A theoretical basis for the study is built from the conceptual arguments of transaction-cost theory and resource-dependence theory. A partial synthesis of the two approaches suggests that alliances are especially well suited to the combined pursuit of increased efficiency and reduced uncertainty. The empirical investigation is based on a series of thirteen case studies, each involving a small Canadian firm and a foreign partner. Growth resulting from efficient access to foreign markets was an important reason for Canadian firms to enter alliances. Collaboration enabled small firms to learn about market demand. This information reduced the uncertainty of international marketing, and was used to guide the development and modification of products. Complementary abilities, where the Canadian firms offered technology and their foreign partners had marketing capabilities, were at the heart of most alliances. In general, alliances were considered necessary to protect proprietary information and to forge strong links with firms taking over important downstream functions.
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Badzińska, Ewa. "Innovative multimedia project – the exemplification of the concept of technological entrepreneurship." Ekonomia i Zarzadzanie 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/emj-2016-0015.
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Abstract The scientific purpose of the study is an attempted synthesis of the concept of technological entrepreneurship. The cognitive aim of the publication is to present the functionality of an innovative technological solution the uses authorial applications and interactive devices designed and commercialized by the analyzed technology start-up. The application of the empirical method of a case study has made it possible to characterize the essence of technological entrepreneurship and illustrate the progress and development of the studied phenomenon in business practice. The functionality of an innovative multimedia project has been presented as the exemplification of technological entrepreneurship in cooperation between commercial enterprise and business environment institutions. It has been pointed to measurable economic and social outcomes achieved by the company as a result of conscious implementation of the concept of technological entrepreneurship. Case studies in the field of technological entrepreneurship should develop the existing theory and provide explanations of the hitherto unrecognized phenomena. The author proposes the understanding of technological entrepreneurship as a process that combines the elements of academic and intellectual entrepreneurship with the entrepreneurship of commercial organizations implementing new technologies in the market environment. The designed innovative multimedia project supports the management of information for travelers and information regarding fleet management in public transport.
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Sutkutė, Rūta. "REPRESENTATION OF ROMA IN LITHUANIAN ONLINE MEDIA: 15MIN.LT AND LRYTAS.LT CASE STUDIES." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001529.
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This study focuses on how Roma communities are represented in the Lithuanian online media. The aim is to answer the question of how news about the Roma is embedded in the broader practices of neoliberalism and racist discourses. Representation of the Roma in the media is inseparable from constructivism, power and influence. Roma communities have little opportunity to make their voices heard in society, i.e., their voice is not heard or represented in the media. Political representation of the Roma is particularly important due to the weak opportunities to participate in the formulation and decision-making of certain political decisions, both in the national and international context. It is assumed, that the negative and even stereotypical portrayal of the Roma in the media encourages a negative public attitude towards this ethnic group and has an impact on the (in)successful integration of the Roma into society.
The aim of the research is to find out how Roma are represented on the online news portals 15min.lt and Lrytas.lt and to reveal how stereotypes are formed in relation with this national minority. The following tasks are used to reveal the aim of the work: to present the history of the Roma and the problems of their identity, to analyze the concept of Romaphobia, to present the theory of social constructivism and the role of the media in shaping social reality; to perform a qualitative analysis of the content of the news portals 15min.lt and Lrytas.lt: comparing how Roma perceptions are formed on these news portals and how different groups of actors contribute to constructing and maintaining stereotypes in the media/society.
The qualitative analysis of the content revealed that the information, provided in the media, aims to portray the Roma as a threat to public security and to the local population, who experience socio-economic exclusion, who have different values and are reluctant to integrate. However, Roma are not given the right to self-representation because the unilateral narrative of the event dominates and the audience for which the report is addressed is too homogeneous. Manifestations of Romaphobia are observed in the news portals' discourse. It can be assumed, that this creates a negative value orientation for readers, as Roma is perceived as an “undesirable” ethnic group in Lithuania. However, the Roma themselves do not have effective means to make heard their “voice” and participate in public life in order to challenge the dominant negative images
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Vintila, Alexandra, and Mihai Daniel Roman. "Bertrand competition under asymmetric conditions." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2021-0023.
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Abstract Analyzing price competition through game theory is one of the most important frameworks of oligopoly theory, especially in industrial organizations. Numerous studies have been conducted in this direction, as companies are forced to adjust their sustainable pricing policy to operate in the long term. Thus, the players make a regular adjustment of the pricing strategy. Of all the models developed based on Bertrand’s reference model (1883), the most analyzed were those in which informational symmetry predominated. Since informational symmetry presents only a theoretical framework, economists have turned their attention to information asymmetry. This type of information best describes a complex economic game, as it creates an information gap between players and generates opportunities in the decision-making process. Thus, asymmetric information is the main parameter of the decision-making process that determines decision makers to resort to different decision strategies than those assumed by the analytical model. Any asymmetric Bertrand model predicts competitive and efficient market outcomes, a direct relationship between a firm’s conduct, market structure and finally market performance. This paper undertakes an analysis of the Bertrand model in the case of demand and asymmetric costs. We determine the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium under the scenario in which close, but not perfect substitutes exist for the differentiated product with hypothetical data. Then we highlight what happens with profits when we consider that discrete cross marginal demand gradually increases. For more research, there are numerous studies based on sequential games, Bayesian games and signaling games both in discrete time and in continuous time.
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Li, Qiang, Qing Liu, Xiaona Guo, Shuo Xu, Jingyu Liu, and Heli Lu. "Evolution and Transformation of the Central Place Theory in E-Business: China’s C2C Online Game Marketing." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082274.
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In contemporary studies in areas such as the field of classical theory, there has been an increasing emphasis on E-Business. In this study, we examine central place theory principles using China’s consumer-to-consumer online game marketing as a case of E-business. The results indicate that virtual goods in China’s C2C online game marketing are distributed in areas with high economic development and where residents have high purchasing power. Further, we found that the transmission capacity of virtual goods is affected by the level of telecommunication services because they are transmitted through information flow. Such effects illustrate that virtual goods are no longer affected by spatial distance and traffic conditions because virtual goods do not need to be touched; however, they are still affected by market forces. We conclude that there are key differences between the marketing and transport principles of CPT based on the hierarchical model describing new internal and external relations and the level of complexity in E-Business processes.
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Singgalen, Yerik Afrianto, A. Y. Agung Nugroho, Suharsono, Alfonso Harrison Nantingkaseh, and Hironimus Cornelius Royke. "Implementation of Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka in Pringsewu for Regional Tourism Resilience and Development: Penta Helix Collaborative Model and Actor-Network Theory Perspective." Engagement: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/engagement.v6i1.1131.
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: A collaborative approach between stakeholders can create regional tourism resilience from an institutional perspective. Therefore, stakeholders' level of interest and influence needs to be identified, classified, analyzed and evaluate comprehensively through case studies from the Penta Helix collaboration model and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) perspective. This study uses qualitative interpretative methods through a case study of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program conducted by the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia in research learning involving lecturers and students in Pringsewu Regency, Lampung. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. Meanwhile, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was also held involving the Tourism Awareness Group known as Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis), Tourism Destination Managers, and the Tourism Department of Local Government. The data processing of this research uses the triangulation technique to obtain valid and credible information. This study indicates that MBKM Project can integrate the stakeholders' interest and influence through various development programs to achieve tourism resilience which is beneficial for the socio-economic, socio-cultural, and socio-ecological dimensions. The Penta Helix collaboration model and ANT perspectives can monitor network development to identify key actors as senders, recipients, subjects, objects, assistants, and challengers in the actant scheme to optimize message translation for integrating interests.
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Daryanto, Wiwiek Mardawiyah. "Accounting in Marketing Perspective Training Batch III, Sekolah Bisnis dan Manajemen – Institut Teknologi Bandung (SBM-ITB)." Journal of Sustainable Community Development (JSCD) 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32924/jscd.v3i2.31.
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Managerial accounting is an activity or process that produces information that is useful for management for making economic decisions in carrying out management functions. Sekolah Binis dan Manajemen – Institut Teknologi Bandung (SBM-ITB) collaborated with the MarkPlus Institute to carry out the OMNI MBA Program 2020 Batch III on February 5, 2021. Out of the twelve subject topics contained in the program, one of them is entitled Accounting in Marketing Perspective that scheduled on Friday, 5 February 2021 with the author as the facilitator. The subjects include the Break-Even Point (BEP) theory, the Cost Classifications theory with the concept of Different Cost for Different Purposes, as well as related case studies. This training is expected to increase the competence and productivity of company managers in maximizing their role. This training went smoothly because of the strong enthusiasm of the participants. In addition, the inhibiting factor is the limited training time.
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Cooley, Asya. "Comparative analysis of online accountability practices in three sectors: private, public and nonprofit." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 1423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2019-3919.
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PurposeThis research paper comparatively reviews online accountability practices in public, private and nonprofit organizations, using the hospital industry as a case of analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a quantitative content analysis of 240 US hospital websites, sampled from the 2016 American Hospital Association (AHA) database. Online Accountability Practices (OAP) instrument was utilized, and it included five dimensions as follows: accessibility, engagement, performance, governance and mission.FindingsThere were statistically significant differences in online accountability practices among the three sectors. Nonprofit organizations were leading the way in their overall online accountability practices. They were more likely to score higher on engagement, performance and mission dimensions. We explain this finding through the prism of multiple accountabilities, guided by the stakeholder theory. Private organizations had the lowest scores on every online accountability dimension, except for accessibility. Consistent with previous literature, private organizations were more likely to make information accessible in the online sphere, but not necessarily meaningful or reliable for evaluating organizational performance. Public organizations had the strongest scores within the governance dimension, placing importance on disclosing organizational leadership and sharing information on their governance structures.Research limitations/implicationsThis project contributes to theory building on accountability in the online environment. It argues that the distinction between two forms of accountability (functional and holistic) is applicable in the online environment, while accessibility and performance dimensions of online accountability closely align with the functional (hierarchical) form of accountability, and a more holistic approach to accountability includes dimensions like engagement, governance and mission. In addition, this project is the first of its kind to apply the stakeholder theory to accountability practices in three sectors of the economy and how the stakeholder theory provides guidance as a basis of understanding the forms of accountability (functional and holistic) that are most likely aligned with organizations in three sectors of the economy.Practical implicationsThe results of this study point to a number of implications for hospital patients, families, hospital administration, healthcare professionals and policymakers. These implications can be broadly divided into two groups as follows: policy implications and management implications. Policy implications pertain to the national dialog and interorganizational deliberations of sector-wide policy to enrich accountability practices; while management implications are concerned with local, intraorganizational discussions among administrators and organizational leaders on formulating specific strategies and tactics.Originality/valueThis research paper contributes to empirical studies on organizational accountability in the online environment. It enriches our understanding of how organizations in different sectors present themselves to the public.
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Ameripour, Aghil, Brian Nicholson, and Michael Newman. "Conviviality of Internet Social Networks: An Exploratory Study of Internet Campaigns in Iran." Journal of Information Technology 25, no. 2 (June 2010): 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2010.14.
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In this study, we focus on the relationship between Internet social networks and societal change by examining case studies of the impact of Internet-based campaigns in Iran. Ivan Illich's theory of ‘Conviviality of Tools’ enables an analysis of the conviviality of the Internet. Subsequently, this conceptual lens is used to examine empirical data from two Internet-based campaigns. The paper contributes theoretical and practical Implications regarding conviviality of Internet social networks and the accomplishment of conviviality in society. Our findings show that Internet conviviality cannot be treated as an independent variable with deterministic outcomes on society, but as a technology that is shaped by ongoing economic and political forces. The Iranian Internet social networks are not universally accessible, frequently induce fragmented, nonsensical, and enraged discussion and its potential as a tool of liberation is tempered by the Iranian government adaption of systems of surveillance and censorship. We argue that the findings of this study have some general implications of value to researchers studying computerisation movements and Internet social networks in other countries.
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Ngowi, Lucas, Ellen Kalinga, and Nerey Mvungi. "Socio-Technical Perspective for Electronic Tax Information System in Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 40, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v40i1.714.
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Socio-technical systems theory has rarely been used by system architects in setting up computing systems. However, the role of socio-technical concepts in computing, which is becoming social in nature, has made the concepts more relevant and commercial. Tax information systems are examples of such systems because they are influenced by external variables such as the political environment, technological trends, and social environment, introducing complexity in their deployment and determining the type of e-services and their delivery to a diverse group of people. It was observed that in Tanzania there is resistance, reluctance and minimal use of electronic tax system because of insufficient end-user support and their involvement in constructing the system. Therefore, there is need to develop an electronic tax information system using socio-technical systems perspectives to ensure design of an efficient user-friendly tax administration system. The research used the qualitative approach, featuring case studies in Korea, Chile, Tanzania, and Denmark. The study used best practices from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to benchmark Tanzania Revenue Authority current practices. It was found that tax models implemented are techno-centric push models, which don’t attract its use by tax payers and requiring human intervention in its operation, hence not cost-effective. As the first and relevant phase in socio-technical system development, this paper presents the problem definition and analysis of e-Tax collection system in Tanzania.
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Krohn, Wolfgang, and Wolfgang van den Daele. "Science as an agent of change: finalization and experimental implementation." Social Science Information 37, no. 1 (March 1998): 191–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901898037001009.
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This article proposes that goal-oriented sciences contribute not only theory-based knowledge but also strategies of research to processes of social and technological innovation. The finalization model focused on disciplinary programmes, we focus on networks of innovation in which scientists become agents of change. Their role implies taking a variety of political, economic, legal and moral considerations into account, and their activities not only are addressed to problem solution but also generate new risks and public concerns. Still, science does not merge with political choice, economic interest or moral values in a seamless web. The article presents a systems theoretical restitution of the “internal-external” distinction in sociological terms. On this conceptual basis two case studies are presented - the development of waste management technologies and the introduction of genetically modified plants in agriculture - which illustrate both the diversity and the specificity of the functions of science as an agent of change.
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Mussi, Fabricio Baron, and Ubirata Tortato. "Cooperation, the Crowding Out Effect and the Role Of Incentives in the Case of Sustainable Hydroplant Project in Brazil." Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies 23, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2018.0011.
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Research Question: This paper sought to present a proposal for the analysis of the cooperation between a hydroelectric power plant and the fisheries community. Motivation: The use of economic experiments on the sustainability theme has been employed by adapting public goods games to the different realities faced by the players. For this research, focused on the environmental preservation, preferring to contribute/not to contribute to their preservation consists of public goods dilemmas. This subject also constitutes a research opportunity, since in the preliminary literature review few studies addressed concomitantly the sustainability question related to hydroelectric plants and the cooperation between them and a group of local stakeholders. Idea: The core idea of this paper was to bring a proposal of association between the behavioural economics and crowding out theory to the analysis of actions envisaging sustainability, which demand the cooperation between a hydroelectric power plant and the fisheries community that make a living out of its reservoir. Data: The research was conducted assessing documents such as Itaipu´s annual sustainability reports and other documents between the plant and its stakeholders, in the environmental area, and in the form of contracts and cooperation agreements. Next, eight personal interviews were conducted with managers involved in the Sustainability Programme. Tools: With these information, the suggested public goods game was adapted from Fehr and Gachter (2000), and Sefton, Shupp and Walker (2007), and – for the present proposal of experiment – was named ‘reservoir game’, as the public goods in this case is Itaipu´s plant reservoir. Findings: This study can help in the acquisition of relevant information about the applicability and efficiency of punishment and reward mechanisms related to cooperation, either in support of future negotiations and agreements or in bargaining situations when groups present their demands. One can only hope to have also contributed to the improvement of management of contractual agreements between corporations and local stakeholders in projects targeting sustainability, to reduce any transaction costs, and minimize the possibilities for conflict and disagreement between partners. Contribution: This paper expands existing research related to cooperation between a power plant and its local stakeholders.