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Journal articles on the topic 'Information Technology Offshoring'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Smith, Steve. "Offshoring Information Technology." European Journal of Information Systems 15, no. 4 (August 2006): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000624.

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2

Vedder, Richard, and Carl S. Guynes. "Social considerations for information technology offshoring." ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 38, no. 4 (December 2008): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1497054.1497057.

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3

Dunn, Kimberly, Mark Kohlbeck, and Matthew Magilke. "Future Profitability, Operating Cash Flows, and Market Valuations Associated with Offshoring Arrangements of Technology Jobs." Journal of Information Systems 23, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2009.23.2.25.

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ABSTRACT: We investigate profitability, operating cash flows, and value relevance associated with offshoring arrangements of technology-oriented jobs. Offshoring is the business practice of moving substantial portions of a firm's business operations (and jobs) to another country usually to take advantage of lower labor costs or other production factors in developing countries. Offshoring carries social costs as local jobs are lost which may limit realization of benefits. We find that firms that offshore technology-oriented jobs report greater earnings and operating cash flows following an offshoring event as the relative size of the offshoring arrangement increases. Consistent with these results, the market only values offshoring beyond the impact recognized in the financial statements for larger offshoring arrangements. A valuation discount actually exists for smaller offshoring arrangements suggesting either (1) costs exceed potential benefits or (2) the perception that benefits are only realized through economies of scale. We document both benefits and costs that are important for those firms considering offshoring arrangements and their stakeholders.
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4

Ravishankar, M. N., Shan L. Pan, and Michael D. Myers. "Information technology offshoring in India: a postcolonial perspective." European Journal of Information Systems 22, no. 4 (July 2013): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2012.32.

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5

Hyun, Hea-Jung. "Firm Heterogeneity in the Choice of Offshoring: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing Firms." Asian Economic Papers 9, no. 1 (January 2010): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2010.9.1.157.

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Using firm-level data on offshoring of Korean manufacturers, this paper examines the relationship between firm heterogeneity and the probability of adopting offshoring. The results of the paper suggest that firm productivity may not be an important determinant for Korean firms' offshoring decision. A firm's global sourcing decision may rather depend on other characteristics such as factor intensity, research and development (R&D) intensity, information and communication technology (ICT) level, and affiliation with foreign markets when industry specificity is controlled for.
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6

Chen, Stephen, and Nidthida Lin. "Global dispersion of offshore service providers: an information processing perspective." Journal of Knowledge Management 20, no. 5 (September 12, 2016): 1065–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2015-0449.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a new theoretical perspective on the organizational design of offshoring service organizations by adopting an information processing perspective which incorporates the factors of collaborative information technologies, task commoditization and global customer service delivery that are characteristic of modern-day knowledge-intensive service (KIS) organizations. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyze data from a large multiyear survey of offshoring service providers conducted in 12 countries. Findings The authors show how use of collaborative technology is significantly and positively related to spatial and configurational dispersion, task commoditization is significantly and positively related to spatial and temporal dispersion and need for global customer presence is not related to spatial, temporal or configurational dispersion. Research limitations/implications The paper integrates concepts from management information system (MIS), operations management and international business to show how collaborative technology, task characteristics and customer service requirements affect the global dispersion of KISs. Practical implications The results show how use of collaborative technology, task characteristics and global customer service requirements need to be jointly considered in the global dispersion of activities by KIS providers. Originality/value The study sheds light on the effect of the key factors on different dimensions of global dispersion (i.e. spatial/temporal/configurational dispersion) in offshoring service provider organizations. Second, it shows how the traditional information processing perspective on organizations can be updated and applied to KIS organizations by incorporating the factors of global collaborative information technologies, task commoditization and global customer service.
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7

Majumdar, Sumit K., Kenneth L. Simons, and Ashok Nag. "Bodyshopping versus offshoring among Indian software and information technology firms." Information Technology and Management 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2010): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10799-010-0081-2.

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8

Davison, Robert. "Offshoring information technology: Sourcing and outsourcing to a global workforce." Information Technology for Development 13, no. 1 (January 2007): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/itdj.20037.

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9

Davison, Robert. "Offshoring Information Technology: Sourcing and Outsourcing to a Global Workforce." Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2006.tb00153.x.

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10

Haried, Peter, and K. Ramamurthy. "Evaluating the Success in International Sourcing of Information Technology Projects: The Need for a Relational Client-Vendor Approach." Project Management Journal 40, no. 3 (September 2009): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.20113.

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This article investigates the differences across and the need to consider both the client and vendor perspective in evaluating international sourcing (offshoring) success and highlights the need for incorporating relational factors into the success assessment rather than focusing solely on financial or operational outcomes (e.g., projects delivered on time, within budgeted costs). We take an expanded view of project success (using relational/process dimensions) and provide insight into how client and vendor firms evaluate success differently across relational dimensions and how relational factors play a key role in achieving success. Based on the findings, propositions are presented to guide future offshoring success research.
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11

Kiyota, Kozo, and Sawako Maruyama. "On the Demand for Female Workers in Japan: The Role of ICT and Offshoring." Asian Economic Papers 17, no. 2 (June 2018): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00604.

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This paper examines the determinants of the demand for female workers, focusing on the role of information and communication technology (ICT) and offshoring. Estimating a system of variable factor demands for manufacturing industries between 1980 and 2011, we find that, whereas the ICT capital stock has significantly positive effects on the demand for low-, middle-high-, and high-skilled female workers, it has significantly negative effects on the demand for middle-low-skilled female workers. In contrast, offshoring has insignificant effects on the demand for female workers, which suggests that offshoring is at least neutral on the demand for female workers.
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12

Haried, Peter, and Chun-Lung Huang. "Managing International Information Technology Project Relationships." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitpm.2014040101.

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Many organizations in recent years have adopted an offshore model to deliver most or part of their information technology needs. While offshoring can be associated with significant cost savings and implementation benefits, it can also be a challenge to effectively manage the international client-vendor relationship. Thus, it is argued that the effective management, coordination and structuring of the international client-vendor relationship is critical to project management success. In this paper an agency perspective is applied to examine the management of international client-vendor relationships in offshore information technology (IT) projects. This paper synthesizes key relational findings from eight offshore IT projects consisting of 29 client interviews. The authors' findings suggest that the relational tenets of agency theory (shirking, privately held information, task programmability and monitoring) play key roles in successfully managing international project relationships. Based on the findings, propositions are presented to guide future offshore IT project research and organizations to successfully manage and structure their client-vendor relationships.
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13

St. John, Jeremy, Lucian L. Visinescu, Carl S. Guynes, and Victor R. Prybutok. "Information and Communication Technology Offshoring Logistics Success: A Social Exchange Perspective." Information Systems Management 33, no. 3 (May 12, 2016): 212–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2016.1188542.

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14

St. John, Jeremy, Richard Vedder, and Carl S. Guynes. "Relationship Changes In IT Offshoring." International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 17, no. 3 (May 24, 2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v17i3.7862.

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As the sheer volume of IT being offshored continues togrow, other changes are occurring. Thetype of IT work being offshored is expanding as more sophisticated vendors andtechnologies make it feasible for new, often more complicated, IT work to beoffshored. Information Technology (IT)is continually improving, transforming formerly non-offshorable personal tasksinto offshorable impersonal tasks. The relationships between clients and theiroffshore vendors have been changing, most obviously in the sheer volume ofoffshoring being undertaken. To gain a better picture of offshoring, it isnecessary to examine these changing aspects.
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15

Jain, Naveen Kumar, Sumit K. Kundu, and Fred A. Niederman. "Offshoring propensity in information technology services: A firm and country level analysis." Management International Review 48, no. 4 (April 2008): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-008-0026-8.

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16

Kotlarsky, Julia, and Ilan Oshri. "Country Attractiveness for Offshoring and Offshore Outsourcing: Additional Considerations." Journal of Information Technology 23, no. 4 (December 2008): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2008.17.

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In this article, we review aspects relating to the attractiveness of India for information technology offshore - outsourcing. Our starting point is that, indeed, India will remain competitive in the short-medium term. However, more importantly, we move on to argue that country attractiveness is becoming a less important issue. We consider an alternative approach to analyze country attractive in which the client's strategic intent behind going offshore and the vendor's global dispersedness and its local knowledge define the attractiveness of the firm's offshoring strategy.
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17

Mahnke, Volker, Jonathan Wareham, and Niels Bjorn-Andersen. "Offshore Middlemen: Transnational Intermediation in Technology Sourcing." Journal of Information Technology 23, no. 1 (March 2008): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000124.

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The tendency of acquiring information systems and other high technology services from international suppliers continues at unprecedented levels. The primary motivation for the offshore sourcing of technology and services continues to be labor cost arbitrage, and secondly, access to higher levels of expertise. Yet paradoxically, large gaps in technical proficiency, cultural values, and communication styles between client and vendor can undermine the overall success of the offshore relationship. This paper argues that a new breed of entities have emerged, brokering or intermediating offshore relations. The capabilities of such ‘middlemen’ include moderating disparities in expertise, culture, and communication styles that often deteriorate performance in offshore relationships. The paper presents a preliminary theoretical justification for the emergence of offshore intermediaries, describes how and why they develop boundary spanning capabilities, and offers a case study as initial evidence substantiating the function and processes in intermediating transnational offshoring relationships. Our theory development concludes with propositions concerning four major offshore intermediary capabilities: (i) intermediating cultural distance, (ii) intermediating cognitive distance, (iii) pre-contractual preparation and negotiation, and (iv) post-contractual operational management.
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18

Lehdonvirta, Vili, Otto Kässi, Isis Hjorth, Helena Barnard, and Mark Graham. "The Global Platform Economy: A New Offshoring Institution Enabling Emerging-Economy Microproviders." Journal of Management 45, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 567–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206318786781.

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Global online platforms match firms with service providers around the world, in services ranging from software development to copywriting and graphic design. Unlike in traditional offshore outsourcing, service providers are predominantly one-person microproviders located in emerging-economy countries not necessarily associated with offshoring and often disadvantaged by negative country images. How do these microproviders survive and thrive? We theorize global platforms through transaction cost economics (TCE), arguing that they are a new technology-enabled offshoring institution that emerges in response to cross-border information asymmetries that hitherto prevented microproviders from participating in offshoring markets. To explain how platforms achieve this, we adapt signaling theory to a TCE-based model and test our hypotheses by analyzing 6 months of transaction records from a leading platform. To help interpret the results and generalize them beyond a single platform, we introduce supplementary data from 107 face-to-face interviews with microproviders in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals choose microprovidership when it provides a better return on their skills and labor than employment at a local (offshoring) firm. The platform acts as a signaling environment that allows microproviders to inform foreign clients of their quality, with platform-generated signals being the most informative signaling type. Platform signaling disproportionately benefits emerging-economy providers, allowing them to partly overcome the effects of negative country images and thus diminishing the importance of home country institutions. Global platforms in other factor and product markets likely promote cross-border microbusiness through similar mechanisms.
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19

Tambe, Prasanna, and Lorin M. Hitt. "Now IT's Personal: Offshoring and the Shifting Skill Composition of the U.S. Information Technology Workforce." Management Science 58, no. 4 (April 2012): 678–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1445.

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20

Contrepois, Sylvie, and Steve Jefferys. "Trade unionism under challenge from offshoring and globalisation." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 11, no. 4 (November 2005): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890501100406.

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Trade unionism in western Europe is facing the growing challenge of the relocation of work to other parts of the world. This article focuses on the major banking trade unions in France and the UK. It discusses the unions' responses to globalisation in a sector where information technology has exposed firms to intense competitive pressures and has encouraged not just relocation but also business mergers and concentration combined with widespread outsourcing. The authors find that there is often a tension between the day-to-day defence of the workers and broader trade union aspirations to develop alternatives to the arbitrariness of an economic system where labour power is reduced to a commodity to be bought and sold. The article concludes that the dual purposes of union activity, the defence and improvement of workers' immediate working conditions, and the projection of alternative people-friendly forms of social and economic organisation, are being made more difficult by globalisation.
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Salman, Rosine, Tugrul Daim, David Raffo, and Marina Dabic. "Exploring capability maturity models and relevant practices as solutions addressing information technology service offshoring project issues." International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management 13, no. 3 (November 7, 2017): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17509653.2017.1381052.

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22

Tarn, David D. C. "Integrated decision model for knowledge offshoring and outsourcing." Knowledge Management Research & Practice 13, no. 1 (February 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2013.24.

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23

Martin, Ludivine, and Nicolas Poussing. "IT Outsourcing and Firm Characteristics." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2014010101.

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This paper seeks to identify the characteristics of firms that choose to transfer all or at least part of the fulfilment of their information technology needs to an outside party. The authors focus both on outsourcing and on offshoring. With a statistical approach, based on a large and nationally representative data set at the firm unit level, the authors look at the profiles of firms that have decided to outsource and/or offshore at least part of their ICT activities. The authors show that the firms with the most specific ICT needs choose to acquire these services from external suppliers or firms located abroad. The firms with the highest level of ICT investment are also the firms that choose to resort to outsourcing to a great extent.
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24

Khanfar, Ahmad A. A., Mohammad Iranmanesh, Morteza Ghobakhloo, Madugoda Gunaratnege Senali, and Masood Fathi. "Applications of Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147870.

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Developing sustainable products and processes is essential for the survival of manufacturers in the current competitive market and the industry 4.0 era. The activities of manufacturers and their supply chain partners should be aligned with sustainable development goals. Manufacturers have faced many barriers and challenges in implementing sustainable practices along the entire supply chain due to globalisation, outsourcing, and offshoring. Blockchain technology has the potential to address the challenges of sustainability. This study aims to explain the applications of blockchain technology to sustainable manufacturing. We conducted a systematic literature review and explained the potential contributions of blockchain technology to the economic, environmental, and social performances of manufacturers and their supply chains. The findings of the study extend our understanding of the blockchain applications in sustainable manufacturing and sustainable supply chains. Furthermore, the study explains how blockchain can influence the sustainable performance of manufacturers by creating transparency, traceability, real-time information sharing, and security of the data capabilities.
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Ranganathan, C., Poornima Krishnan, and Ron Glickman. "Crafting and Executing An Offshore IT Sourcing Strategy: GlobShop's experience." Journal of Information Technology 22, no. 4 (December 2007): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000113.

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This teaching case discusses the decisions facing GlobShop, a global travel-retail company, in its efforts to offshore a significant portion of its information technology (IT) work. In response to the business challenges that arose due to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the company decided to outsource many of its IT activities to an Indian vendor. This case traces the key decisions made by the CIO and the challenges that were encountered during the planning and execution of the company's offshore sourcing strategy. These decisions pertain to the choice of tasks to be offshored, decisions about the vendor and the nature of sourcing arrangement, managing the vendor relationship and change management issues induced by offshoring. As GlobShop nears the completion of its 3-year agreement with the offshore vendor, the CIO is faced with decisions regarding continuing offshore outsourcing, extending the contract and related implications for the future of IT organization at GlobShop.
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26

Beugré, Constant D., and William Acar. "Offshoring and Cross-Border Interorganizational Relationships: A Justice Model*." Decision Sciences 39, no. 3 (August 2008): 445–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00199.x.

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27

Levina, Natalia, and Ning Su. "Global Multisourcing Strategy: The Emergence of a Supplier Portfolio in Services Offshoring." Decision Sciences 39, no. 3 (August 2008): 541–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00202.x.

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28

Jain, Daisy Mathur, and Reema Khurana. "An empirical comparison of pricing models in information technology service outsourcing in Indian context." Benchmarking: An International Journal 22, no. 4 (May 5, 2015): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-03-2014-0019.

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Purpose – The information technology (IT) outsourcing has been inexorably growing in spite of its downsides. The main reasons are financial gains and cost reductions, as well as it allows companies to focus on their core selling areas. Within IT outsourcing, offshoring has become a big success because it greatly reduces costs. Countries like India, China and Philippines are attracting a lot of IT outsourcing work. In order to save costs, companies have to work out the best pricing models with the vendors so enable profitability at both ends. The main pricing models prevalent in the industry are Time and Material (TnM) and Fixed Time Fixed Price (FTFP) alternately also referred as Fixed Price. There are various other pricing models now, which are mainly variations of these. The purpose of this paper is to show an empirical comparison between these models from the vendor’s perspective to see which of them has greater acceptability. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is an empirical paper in which literature survey has been done to study various pricing models in the IT service outsourcing industry, on the basis of same, two most used models have been identified, namely, FTFP and TnM, hypothesis were formulated, Likert scale questionnaire was formed. Subsequently data were collected and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was carried out to compare the variables defining the FTFP and TnM models of pricing. In total, 68 firms were targeted and 120 responses were received. The two models were studied against parameters like usage, profitability, risk, deliveries meeting project schedule, good quality code, the pricing model used by respondents’ majority of times and whether either of them lead to increasing costs. Findings – This study has found that TnM is less risky for vendors, more profitable and vendors are able to manage better quality delivery compared to FTFP. Also it has been statistically proven that the pricing models TnM and FTFP do not impact the usage and schedules in any way. These are important findings as there have been no earlier research papers which have compared the pricing models with reference to Indian IT service outsourcing industry. Research limitations/implications – The two major pricing models TnM and FTFP are studied in the paper below. Data were gathered from 68 companies. As per results, TnM is more profitable, less risky, does not lead to increasing cost and produces good quality code as compared to FTFP also it has been statistically proven that the pricing models TnM and FTFP do not impact the usage and schedules in any way. The implications bridge a gap between theory and practice, as theoretically many pricing models exist, however, what are practical applications and justification vis-à-vis different aspects has not been approached statistically so far in the given context. Further research can be done on other variations of pricing models and to establish which one should be the preferred model and in which circumstances. Practical implications – There are major practical implications of the paper as it fills the gap between the theoretical discussions of pricing and identifies and statistically proves importance of various aspects of pricing in practice. Originality/value – The paper is original and adds value in terms of advising the IT service outsourcing companies as to which pricing models to use.
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29

Arasa, Robert, and Prudensia Kaihula . "The Role of Financial Intermediaries in the Internationalization of Capital Markets in Kenya: A Study of stock brokers in Kenya." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 7, no. 5(J) (October 30, 2015): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v7i5(j).609.

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Financial intermediaries continue to play a big role in the internationalization of capital markets. In Kenya all transactions in the Nairobi Securities Exchange must be carried out by an authorized stock broker. This study covered the stockbrokers and their role in the internationalization of capital markets within Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey. Population of interest comprised of 19 stockbrokerage firms licensed to operate at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). The study findings indicate that stock brokers contribute to the internationalization of capital markets through their roles in facilitating cross-listing, offshoring and foreign investor by aiding in sourcing for investment opportunities, provision of relevant information and transaction facilitation. Study findings further reveals that the government issues, lack of awareness and knowledge on innovative strategies, adequate financial resources, availability of adequate infrastructure and trading costs affects stock brokers role in the internationalization of capital markets. The study recommends that the government and policy makers should direct efforts towards addressing the various bottlenecks that hinder the effectiveness of the stock brokers in the internationalization of capital markets in Kenya. Further, towards realizing efficiency and effectiveness these firms need to embrace technology and innovation.
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Philip, Tom, and Gerhard Schwabe. "Understanding early warning signs of failure in offshore-outsourced software projects at team level." Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing 11, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgoss-12-2017-0057.

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PurposeThis paper aims to explore the concept of early warning signs (EWSs) in offshore-outsourced software development (OOSD) projects at the team level. It also aims to identify the EWSs of failure in the onshore-offshore project context and understand how they are perceived by responsible managers.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory approach is followed by gathering data from 19 failed OOSD projects using project managers from client and vendor sides as the key informants.FindingsThis study identified 13 EWSs of failure in five categories of trust and team cohesion, common project execution structures, awareness of shared work context, collaboration between teams and onshore-offshore team coordination capabilities. EWSs were found to comprise two components: early warning issues and early signals of failures.Research limitations/implicationsIndia-based vendors’ data in the study formed the primary weakness of the work regarding generalizability, even though it brought homogeneity to data. Lack of triangulation of failure data through client or vendor peers proved impossible in this research as failure remains a very sensitive topic. Dual composition of EWSs could be applied to institutionalize an early warning tool in projects.Originality/valueThe paper develops an exploratory model of EWSs of failure and project failure in the OOSD project context. The two-component framework of EWSs allows project managers to eliminate false positives while identifying EWSs. It contributes to the information system failure, risk management and information technology offshoring research streams.
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31

Brody, Richard G., Gaurav Gupta, and Todd White. "Whistleblowing in India: evidence from accounting students and professionals." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 28, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 126–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-01-2019-0001.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whistleblowing behavior in the accounting community (students and professionals) in an emerging economy – India. Design/methodology/approach Using a case-based approach, data were collected from 263 accounting students and 268 accounting professionals in India. Findings Using multivariate and univariate analyses of variance and logistic regressions, the authors provided evidence on how accounting students and professionals behave in a whistleblowing environment. Specifically, the authors found mixed results when comparing the behavior of accounting students and professionals in a whistleblowing scenario. All subjects reflected a more collectivist attitude, although professionals were more concerned about “fixing” the identified internal control problem (a “shared” problem). Both groups expressed a firm desire to collect more evidence against the likely fraudster. Practical implications In this era of global offshoring of services including accounting, the current study makes significant contributions to the accounting ethics literature and the accounting profession by analyzing whistleblowing behavior from an Indian perspective – a highly underrepresented area in the accounting ethics literature. The study aims to guide companies and investors in the US and elsewhere that do business in India. Originality/value While the accounting literature has plenty of research on whistleblowing in the Western world, there is a dearth of literature on whistleblowing in India. This paper is among the first to document whistleblowing behavior in India, a country that prides itself on its vast availability of English-speaking and technically sound accounting professionals.
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32

Maruping, Likoebe, Arun Rai, Ruba Aljafari, and Viswanath Venkatesh. "Overcoming cross-organizational barriers to success in offshore projects." Industrial Management & Data Systems 121, no. 12 (October 4, 2021): 2365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2020-0559.

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PurposeAdvances in information technology coupled with the need to build resilience against disruptions by pandemics like COVID-19 continue to emphasize offshoring services in the software industry. Service-level agreements (SLAs) have served as a key mechanism for safeguarding against risk in offshore service arrangements. Yet, variations in service cost and quality persist. This study aims to open up the blackbox linking SLAs to offshore project outcomes by examining (1) how the provisions in these contracts affect the ability of project teams – the work unit primarily in charge of producing the offshored service – to achieve their objectives and fulfill client requirements and (2) how differences in contextual factors shape the effects of these provisions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors incorporate the role of organizational work practice differences to understand the challenges that 270 offshore project teams faced in coordinating and integrating technical and business domain knowledge across organizational boundaries in offshore arrangements. The examined offshore IT projects were managed by a leading software vendor in India and several of its US-based clients over a three-year period.FindingsThe authors demonstrate that organizational work practice differences represent a barrier to offshore project success, and that project team transition processes are an important mechanism for overcoming these barriers. Moreover, the authors find that transition processes represent key mediating mechanisms through which SLA provisions affect offshore project outcomes.Originality/valueThe study findings shed light on how SLAs shape software project teams' balance between activities aimed at meeting client needs and those aimed at containing costs.
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33

Chandra, Gyan. "Global Accounting Standards And Curriculum." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 3, no. 5 (February 24, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v3i5.3686.

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Offshoring of technology jobs and its adverse economic effects on the U.S. economy are making daily headlines. Globalization of economy and advances in information technology have accelerated offshoring to low labor cost countries like China and India. The latter have the advantage of abundant educated manpower, low labor cost and high entrepreneurial spirit. However, just as globalization is taking lower-value jobs overseas, it is also creating markets for higher-value U.S. services and goods in those countries. Development of global accounting standards could further accelerate offshoring of jobs in financial services. It is time that business schools prepare their graduates to face the challenge through appropriate curriculum changes.
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Wiederhold, Gio, Shirley Tessler, Amar Gupta, and David Branson Smith. "The Valuation of Technology-Based Intellectual Property In Offshoring Decisions." Communications of the Association for Information Systems 24 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1cais.02431.

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35

Stal, Eva, and Fabio Morganti. "BRAZILIAN MULTINATIONALS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: SOFTWARE PRODUCTION AND THE OFFSHORING OF SERVICES." Review of Administration and Innovation - RAI 8, no. 4 (January 27, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5773/rai.v8i4.893.

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36

Mackie, J. Jay, and Monica E. Oss. "The Increasing Global Market For Health Care: The Effect Of Emerging Technologies On Global Outsourcing & Offshoring Of Health Care Services." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 7, no. 9 (February 16, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v7i9.3294.

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The use of outsourcing as a business management tool has a long history in the delivery of health and human services in the United States. But, the current price-pressured, highly-competitive U.S. health and human service market is also experiencing new competitive developments due to the introduction of new technologies and further use of lower-cost labor markets outside of the United States, commonly referred to as offshoring. This paper will explore the evolution of outsourcing and offshoring in health and human services and provide a model to analyze the technological factors that will likely contribute to a global transformation of the health and human services. Traditional thinking is that offshoring is usually limited to highly-repetitive, low-skill service tasks such as data entry and call center management. But, new research on the concept of offshoring posits that services that are labor intensive, information-based, codifiable, and/or highly transparent are candidates for technology-enabled outsourcing. A broader shift in labor models, from local to global, is likely to occur. Since these four characteristics apply to many of the professional functions in the health and human service field, it is imperative that health care executives understand the potential risks and opportunities of these emerging technologies. In particular, the authors will review the likely health service functions that will be subject to worker/labor competition through global outsourcing and suggest possible strategies for organizations in the field to address these new competitive threats.
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37

Joshi, Chandra Shekhar, and A. V. Raman. "Perils and Paradoxes of Outsourcing: An Ethnographic Study Exploring Hopes and Dissonances Emanating from IT Employment in India." Management and Labour Studies, June 26, 2022, 0258042X2210978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x221097808.

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This article intends to revisit the optimistic and pessimistic views on offshoring and investigate their contemporary relevance in the context of Indian information technology (IT) workers. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews with 51 IT workers, this study argues that the nature and content of work are less relevant than circumstances, situational conflicts and social interactions in constituting work and its experiences. Thus, the study suggests that relocation of business activities or its expansion does not render work as utopian or precarious only by itself; it is also co-constructed as such by the offshore players. JEL codes: L800, M540, L840
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38

Jois, Achutha, and Somnath Chakrabarti. "Complacency Leading to Reduced Competitive Intensity in the Indian Information Technology Services Sector Resulting in Diminished Market Opportunity." Global Business Review, June 1, 2020, 097215092092695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150920926957.

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Indian Information Technology (IT) services sector today commands a huge share of worldwide IT sourcing spend. India stays to be a driving force for worldwide sourcing growth despite rising de-globalization moves across Western economies, challenges posed by East European nations, Russia, China and East Asia. A pertinent question that comes up is how will India take on the rivalry, while the Indian IT services sector seems to be content and complacent. One can see that the hunger for growth which we saw in the late 1990s and the decade of 2000s is fast eroding. India’s incentive to the world market was its economies of scale and cost advantage; however, the disruption created by the extant outsourcing or offshoring business model is fast receding. The Indian IT Services players turned complacent while competing as disruption and differentiation gave them a unique advantage and value proposition. This article builds on various articles in this domain while analysing how complacency affects competitive intensity, in turn resulting in a reduced intensity in market growth opportunity. This article endeavours to evaluate whether Indian IT services sector is trapped in its self-projected image leading to Narcissus effect.
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39

Tokas, Kalpana. "IT services offshoring from Japan: a multi-dimensional comparative analysis between India and China." Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgoss-07-2020-0033.

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Purpose This paper aims to carry out a qualitative analysis to compare India and China as a choice of service-provider from the perspective of Japanese MNEs for information technology (IT)-IT enabled services (ITeS) offshoring destination, using the four dimensions of the cultural-administrative-geographic-economic (CAGE) distance framework by Ghemawat (2001). Design/methodology/approach This exploratory study used a mix of primary and secondary evidence to carry out a comparative evaluation of the challenges and synergies existent between India and Japan relative to China and Japan, in the context of IT-ITeS offshoring industry. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with multiple stakeholders and the findings were classified using the CAGE framework. Findings The paper discusses that for IT-ITeS industry, owing to its characteristics and the changing global order in the post-pandemic world, the “distances” that matter the most for business engagement between countries are – cultural, administrative and economic. Based on the comparative analysis, it was seen that China fares better than India, from a Japanese perspective, for the case of cultural and geographic distances while India had an advantage in the case of administrative and economic distances. Thus, India and Japan seem to have higher synergies and potential mutual gains by expanding engagement in the IT-ITeS industry in future. Research limitations/implications One of the limitations of this paper was the lack of comparable secondary data source concerning the size, growth rates, exports, employment figures for China that could have helped establish the contrast in the structure of IT-ITeS industry of India and China. Originality/value This study provides a framework for a comparative analysis of multiple facets of “distance” between competing service providing nations at bilateral, as well as unilateral level, in a holistic manner for the IT-ITeS offshoring industry. The results thus provide the gaps that shall be bridged by the policymakers for realizing mutual benefits.
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40

Lampón, Jesús F., and Elena Rivo-López. "The effect of the industry technology intensity on the drivers of manufacturing backshoring." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-03-2021-0071.

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PurposeThe paper aims to explore the influence of the industry technology intensity on the drivers of manufacturing backshoring.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of backshoring factors in recent cases of backshoring in the European manufacturing industry based on original qualitative and quantitative information collected from different databases. This analysis was performed using different econometric models applied to samples of firms classified by technology intensity of industries.FindingsDrivers of backshoring are conditioned by the technology intensity of the industries. The models that analyse firms classified by technology intensity of the industries have a good explanatory capacity with few key factors. In industries with low-technology intensity, backshoring is a cost-oriented strategy and the drivers are linked to internal process optimisation and external factors related to labour and logistics costs in the host location. In industries with high-technology intensity, backshoring is mainly an innovation-oriented strategy and the key drivers are those related to the internal innovation capacity for improvement of the technological level of manufacturing processes. The research also identifies the more suitable theoretical approaches for explaining backshoring drivers in each type of industry according to its technology intensity.Originality/valueThis research analyses the backshoring drivers by means of models applied to firms classified by the technology intensity of industries. It also reinforces the dynamic perspective of time to analyse backshoring as a reassessment of location decisions made after prior offshoring.
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García-Crespo, Ángel, Ricardo Colomo-Palacios, Juan Miguel Gómez-Berbís, and Myriam Mencke. "SemOutQuote: Using semantics for innovation offshore outsourcing management." Int'l Journal of Management Innovation Systems 1, no. 1 (January 24, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijmis.v1i1.24.

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In an increasingly globalised world, changes in organisations have also affected innovation processes. In the Information Technology (IT) domain, corporations are adopting outsourcing ad offshoring models for innovation, each time more carefully. The benefits of the combination of both practices, which demonstrate a decrease in corporate costs, indicate an incentive for the adoption of such practices as corporate strategies. In such a scenario, a two-sided challenge presents itself. In the first place, the companies contracting must establish selection measures and strategies for control of their suppliers. Secondly, the business offering outsourcing services must adopt appropriate measures to develop themselves as reliable partners in these types of relationships, a crucial aspect for both parties. The current work presents SemOutQuote, a semantics-based environment for the selection of stable partners for trustworthy innovation processes. The fusion of the capacities of interconnection and communication provided by the internet with the functionalities of the use of semantics represent a novel approach to the management of innovation in organisations
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Presbitero, Alfred, Mendiola Teng‐Calleja, and Ma Regina M. Hechanova. "Managing human resources in information technology and business process offshoring firms operating in Asia: a literature review toward theoretically and contextually grounded research." Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, December 9, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12324.

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43

Xia, Huosong, Jingwen Li, Juan Weng, Zuopeng (Justin) Zhang, and Yangmei Gao. "Collaborative knowledge sharing in global distributed teams: antecedents of innovation performance." Journal of Knowledge Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (June 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-10-2020-0763.

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Purpose Existing research on collaborative innovation mechanisms from the perspective of global operation is very limited. This paper aims to address the research gap by studying the factors influencing globally distributed teams’ innovation performance, especially how effective knowledge sharing between distributed teams promotes collaborative team innovation. Design/methodology/approach This research proposes a model to investigate how collaborative knowledge sharing affects global operations [team dispersion, task orientation, information and communication technology (ICT) usage] and innovation performance based on the data collected from 167 managers in 40 local Chinese IT and offshoring firms. Using the theory of Cognitive Diversity and Innovation Diffusion and Synergy, separate hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the proposed model. Findings The findings of this study demonstrate that effective collaborative knowledge sharing plays a crucial role in enhancing innovation performance in a global operation. Specifically, innovation capacity can be improved by task orientation, ICT usage and team dispersion. Originality/value This research study contributes to the development of global distributed operations and innovation among distributed teams in multinational corporations.
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44

Reljic, Jelena, Rinaldo Evangelista, and Mario Pianta. "Digital technologies, employment, and skills." Industrial and Corporate Change, September 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtab059.

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Abstract This article investigates the relationship between the diffusion of digital technologies, employment, and skills. The empirical analysis is carried out on industry-level data of six major European economies (Germany, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK) over the 2009–2014 period. We analyze two dimensions of digitalization: industries’ consumption of intermediate inputs from digitally intensive sectors and investment in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tangible and intangible assets, considering also patterns of demand, education, technological change, and offshoring. The results show that job creation in industries is positively associated with an increasing share of digital goods and services in total intermediate inputs and is negatively linked with processes of ICT capital deepening. We then explore how these two different patterns of digitalization are related to the evolution of four occupational groups—managers, clerks, craft, and Manual workers, defined on the basis of International Standard Classification of Occupations classes—finding a positive link between ICT consumption and managerial jobs, and negative ones between digital variables and mid-skill occupations.
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45

Terblanche, Nic S. "New pharmaceutical product development: Barriers to overcome and opportunities to exploit." Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5912/jcb243.

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The pharmaceutical industry experienced an unprecedented rate of increase in the cost of developing new drugs while the number of new drugs that were approved and accepted in the marketplace has reached a very low level. Various factors are responsible for this state of affairs. One of the major opportunities available to the pharmaceutical industry to improve this situation is to collaborate with the biotechnology industry. The future solutions to a host of current diseases as well new strains of existing ones lie in the cooperation between these two industries. The pharmaceutical industry will, however, have to carefully manage challenges such as increased governmental control and the damaged image of the industry. There are many opportunities offered by offshoring, advanced application of information technology, climate change and a new approach to sales and marketing, all of which the pharmaceutical industry can exploit. Should the pharmaceutical industry manage to address the issues responsible for the high costs prevalent in the industry, its role as partner with the biotechnology industry could prove to be very beneficial for both these industries.
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Koopmann, Georg, and Thomas Straubhaar. "Zur Internationalisierung des Dienstleistungssektors." Review of Economics 60, no. 2 (January 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roe-2009-0201.

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SummaryAdvances in information and communication technology and especially the Internet have increasingly facilitated the provision of services across national borders. To a growing extent, foreign trade in services is also indispensable to the proper functioning of international value-added chains in both the goods and the services sector. At the same time, while the internationalisation in services has been proceeding even faster than that in goods, its degree is still relatively low, which indicates a high potential for further growth. The removal of the many barriers that still obstruct international services trade would produce substantial and widely spread welfare gains. Due to the intermediary function of services, liberalisation in this area would also boost the international competitiveness of goods-producing industries. This mostly holds for manufacturing in developing countries. On the other hand, the argument that the outsourcing or offshoring of services might involve major employment losses in industrialised countries appears to be ill-founded. The liberalisation of trade in services could be greatly enhanced through a shift in multilateral negotiating techniques: replacing the positive-list approach, which currently prevails, through a procedure primarily relying on negative lists with closely specified exceptions could contain the negative influence of vested interests in this trade policy field and thus aid the common welfare.
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