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Rocha, Melina. "Policy Forum: How Canada Could Benefit from E-Invoicing for GST/HST Purposes." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 70, no. 2 (July 2022): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2022.70.2.pf.rocha.
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In this article, the author reviews the importance of electronic invoicing (e-invoicing) in value-added tax systems from the perspective of both government and taxpayers. E-invoicing is defined as the adoption of a standard requiring that businesses issue invoices containing mandatory information related to the supply in a prescribed electronic format, and transmit to the tax administration in real time through a specified electronic system. The author also analyzes the development of e-invoicing systems around the world, beginning with the Latin American pioneers and then proceeding to recent experiences in Europe. The experience in Latin America shows that governments can gain from e-invoicing through the reduction of tax fraud and the consequent increase in government revenue, while the experience in Europe shows that businesses have their own reasons for promoting e-invoicing, most notably to reduce compliance costs. In conclusion, the author suggests avenues for introducing e-invoicing into the Canadian goods and services tax/harmonized sales tax system.
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Razmjoo, Armin, Arezoo Ghazanfari, Mehdi Jahangiri, Evan Franklin, Mouloud Denai, Mousa Marzband, Davide Astiaso Garcia, and Alireza Maheri. "A Comprehensive Study on the Expansion of Electric Vehicles in Europe." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 11656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211656.
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There has been a rapid increase in government efforts to expand electric vehicle markets by deploying fast-charging stations, promoting uptake through greater investment, and by enacting supportive policies. Government support and private investment have contributed to the expansion of electric vehicles in many countries. The aim of this study is to highlight and analyze the most critical aspects of the expansion of the electric vehicle market, regarding technologies, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, opportunities, and barriers in Europe. Our study analyzes the progress of electric vehicles by reviewing recent literature based on technology, policy, and government measurements. This study provides comprehensive information on electric vehicles and perspectives that are critical to policymakers, car manufacturers, consumers, and the community. To achieve favorable results, governments should invest in developing electric vehicles and battery technologies, provide subsidies, and develop charging infrastructure. Furthermore, by analyzing current EV sales in ten countries around the world, we assess the operating costs of electric vehicles. Overall EV cost of ownership is influenced by grid electricity price, cost of financing, location, carbon tax, wind speed, and solar insolation.
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Ladychenko, Viktor, Olena Chomakhashvili, Olena Uliutina, and Julia Kanaryk. "Dissemination of Environmental Information in the E-Governance system: World Trends and Experience for Ukraine." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n4p51.
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The UN E-Government Survey 2016 on «E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development» offers a brief overview of e-government trends in the world. According to the survey, more and more governments are using information technology to provide services and engage people in decision-making processes in rural areas in their countries. Talking about the emerging economies in East Europe, the Ukrainian economy is growing faster with 50% of population living in rural areas, which develops incredible pressure on the government to give more focus on many ways of environmental safety of Ukraine. Ukraine is predominantly rural country and in order to improve the environmental conditions it is important that both central and local governments carried out national environment information activity. Modern information technology helps to disseminate environmental information in rural areas and is a major provider of information opportunities for the rural population. By 2020 Ukrainian government has a goal to achieve interaction at all levels by electronic mode. There are various electronic databases that are already functioning at the national level such as the Real Estate Register, Public Cadastral Map, etc. that can help the Ukrainian government to achieve greater transparency and successful governance. However, access to such registers is currently not possible for regional communities. Therefore, disposing of environmental information, avoiding environmental threats to the local population and enhancing the effectiveness of local governance is a goal for local governments. This paper offers a modern vision of information technologies in the field of natural resources management. E-government projects and ways to solve problems in the sphere of dissemination of information in rural areas in order to improve e-governance in contemporary Ukraine were explored.
Keywords: Environmental information, information human rights, sustainable development, EU environmental policy
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Szabó, Zsuzsanna Katalin, and Lucian Chiriac. "Investigations Concerning E-Government Adoption in Transition Economies." Acta Oeconomica 66, no. 1 (March 2016): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2016.66.1.3.
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The implementation of efficient cross-border digital public services for a connected Europe, a developed e-government represents a priority for the European Union. There are big differences in the way e-government is adopted. Transition economies lag behind developed economies. This paper explores the e-government adoption in its multidimensionality within the EU member states. It uses 22 variables, which highlight: technological preparedness, the ability to access and absorb information and information technology, the ability to generate, adopt and spread knowledge, the social and legal environment, the government policy and vision, and consumer and business adoption and innovation. Barriers to efficient e-government adoption in transition economies are identified. Multicriteria decision analysis is used for the prioritisation of the factors with the highest overall impact on efficient implementation. The authors use the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP method) for prioritisation and the numerical results are obtained with Expert Choice software.
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Irimie, Rada Cristina. "Digital Revolution: Europe at the Lead of New Technologies." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p166-183.
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The pace and scope of changing technologies are constantly challenging social structures and the need for dexterous policy framework is becoming more and more indispensable. While technological evolution and market forces have driven the information and communication revolution, the European Union has played a significant role in creating an effective framework for the maintenance and development of this progress. In order to regulate the market and keep pace with the ICT (Information and Communications Technology) environment, the EU has introduced rules that ensure fair access to all EU citizens and stimulate competition for companies. The Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) serves entirely this function, becoming a pan-European regulatory agency. Aside the regulatory role, EU's economic growth strategy involves a great number of policies and measures to capitalize on digital revolution. The Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) targets not only on citizens, but businesses of Europe as well, to benefit from the technological revolution. The former and the new goals of the renewed agenda raise the bar of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Finally, to ensure the maximization of use of information technologies, EU has supported the expansion of e-business and online public services. E-government services have facilitated interaction between government, citizens and businesses, while it simplified all facets of operations of governmental organisations. This article is looking at EU's role in digital environments, examining the three initiatives as platforms of technological evolution in Europe. The three case studies used, the BEREC, DAE and e-Government initiatives, will provide an analysis of the services with a prospective evaluation of the technological strategies involved, while the qualitative and quantitative data in each case will help us analyse the quota and draw conclusions on the functionality and effectiveness of the services. We expect to evaluate the levels of digital growth and online adaptation of the Union and/or the need for further expansion. The study is discussing EU's technological competiveness and the analysis targets the policy initiatives taken towards this direction, while it provides multipolar, but useful information for EU citizens and businesses.
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Lam, A. C. L. "Continuing Technological Education." Industry and Higher Education 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229200600105.
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The author outlines key features of the Japanese approach to continuing technological education and points up the contrasts in skill-development experience in Japan and the UK. She then reviews recent trends in Japan in the development of multi-skilled engineers; describes government initiatives aimed at the promotion of university–industry cooperation; and finally addresses the important policy issue facing Europe and the USA of providing greater access to Japanese science and technology, especially through exchange of researchers and information.
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Kassen, Maxat. "Building digital state." Online Information Review 43, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-03-2018-0100.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and illustrate historical milestones and evolutionary stages of public sector reforms in such a typical transitional society as Kazakhstan through the prism of existing e-government development strategies, implementation models and institutional regulations. Design/methodology/approach The research is mostly based on a retrospective analysis of technology-driven public sector reforms and content analysis of various e-government strategies and platforms implemented by national and local executive authorities in Kazakhstan for the last two decades. Findings The results of the analysis has confirmed previously made assumptions that typical developing states tend to adopt different non-linear and multidimensional implementation strategies in advancing e-government reforms in comparison with developed countries. As it turns out, the continuity of actual stages or levels of such development not always corresponds in a consecutive manner to the formal phases of the most popular e-government maturity models proposed previously in academic literature. Research limitations/implications One of the fundamental limitations of the case study is that its findings and recommendations could relate only to a limited number of countries that have similar political, socioeconomic and administrative contexts. Taking into account the fact that Kazakhstan is not only a typical developing economy but also a transitional post-communist and post-totalitarian society that has its own unique political and socioeconomic features of governance, the results of case study could not be generalized and extrapolated to all developing countries, presumably narrowing them only to a very limited number of similar states, mostly, in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. Practical implications The main practical contribution of the article is that it provides a close review of e-government politics in Kazakhstan that could be helpful for policy makers and practitioners in evaluating, learning and improving the work of various technology-driven public sector projects in the area, especially from a regulatory point of view. Originality/value This inherently ethnographic narrative, which is based on the analysis of e-government legislation and implementation strategies derived from diverse administrative practices, could be interesting for those who seek to understand an ever-changing truly evolutionary nature of technology-driven public sector reforms in a typical transitional society.
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Stepovic, Milos, Stefan Vekic, Radisa Vojinovic, Kristijan Jovanovic, Snezana Radovanovic, Svetlana Radevic, and Nemanja Rancic. "Analysis and Forecast of Indicators Related to Medical Workers and Medical Technology in Selected Countries of Eastern Europe and Balkan." Healthcare 11, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050655.
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Health indicators measure certain health characteristics in a specific population or country and can help navigate the health systems. As the global population is rising, the demand for an increase in the number of health workers is simultaneously rising. The aim of this study was to compare and predict the indicators related to the number of medical workers and medical technologies in selected countries in Eastern Europe and Balkan in the studied period. The article analyzed the reported data of selected health indicators extracted from the European Health for All database. The indicators of interest were the number of physicians, pharmacists, general practitioners and dentists per 100,000 people. To observe the changes in these indicators through the available years, we used linear trends, regression analysis and forecasting to the year 2025. The regression analysis shows that the majority of the observed countries will experience an increase in the number of general practitioners, pharmacists, health workers/professionals and dentists, as well as in the number of computerized tomography scanners and the number of magnetic resonance units, predicted to occur by 2025. Following trends of medical indicators can help the government and health sector to focus and navigate the best investments for each country according to the level of their development.
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Lawrence, Amanda. "Electronic Documents in a Print World: Grey Literature and the Internet." Media International Australia 143, no. 1 (May 2012): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214300114.
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Reports and documents from government and other organisations have existed for centuries, but in the post-war period their production increased significantly. Computers, databases, desktop publishing software and the internet have revolutionised the ways documents can be produced and disseminated, allowing individuals, groups and organisations access to a whole new world of information. The result has been an explosion in online publishing that has transformed scholarly communication. Research reports – or grey literature as they are also known – are now an essential part of many disciplines, including science and technology, health, environmental science and many areas of public policy. While access to these reports has become easier in many respects, online publishing presents many challenges as well, particularly for collecting organisations faced with the task of adapting their systems. The management of grey literature raises many issues that are still not resolved today. This article provides some background to these ongoing challenges in Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe.
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Protrka, Nikola, Kristijan Marić, and Mihael Plećaš. "Challenges and Aspects of Cyber Security of the Republic of Croatia." Acta Economica Et Turistica 3, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aet-2017-0010.
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Abstract The development of the information and communication technology (ICT), regardless of its many advantages, unfortunately has its disadvantage - the abuse of the cyberworld. The global character of cyberspace is specific in terms of national legislation and its view of specificities. Some countries adopted the recommendation of the Convention on Cybercrime of the Council of Europe (Official Gazette NN-MU 9/02, 4/04) and amended their national legislation, whereas others kept implementing their criminal law solutions, which are outdated and cannot reach the level of this type of criminal offences. Consequently, governments are inclined to cooperate and exchange information about this type of crime due to the fact that the criminal offender may be anywhere, and the offence itself can take place at a great distance from the offender. In September 2015, the government of the Republic of Croatia adopted the National Cyber Security Strategy and the Action Plan for the Implementation of the National Cyber Security Strategy, the first allencompassing strategy of the Republic of Croatia on cyber security. The paper also focuses on the role of the Police College in the Action Plan for the Implementation of the National Cyber Security Strategy.
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Мєлєкєсцев, Кирило. "TENSIONS ON THE TOPIC OF HISTORY IN POLISH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS AS A RESULT OF INFORMATION WARFARE." Litopys Volyni, no. 27 (December 8, 2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2305-9389/2022.27.12.
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The article deals with today’s ethnic-cultural tensions and how they connect with the history of Poland and Ukraine and current diplomatic relations. The article overviews the problematic development of the current nationalist movement in Poland and its relationship with the “Center-Right” government, which was formed after the election of the President of the Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda. On the example of the closure of the Polish consulates in Ukraine after the 2017 incident with a grenade launcher in Lutsk, the author shows how a single hooligan attack in an atmosphere of ethnic tensions can lead to a total knock-out of the diplomatic system of the country. The research reveals the causes, parties and goals of the conflict, as well as subjects interested in ethnic tensions. It is shown how the problems of Polish- Ukrainian relations related to the secret change in the foreign policy course of the Republic of Poland in 2008 created a “synergy” with the growth of nationalist sentiment in Europe and the expansion of Russian influence. The link between the strengthening of nationalist movements and ethno-cultural conflicts in Europe (including the appeal of patriotic youth to their memory of historical conflicts) with the proliferation of pro-Russian and anti-globalist conspiracy propaganda in popular corners of the Internet, including those directed against the processes of European integration and NATO enlargement, have been shown in the research. The research suggests ways to prevent the escalation of conflict using the examples of both the diplomacy of the President of Ukraine and initiatives of representatives of civil society. The topic of Internet propaganda as a factor of ethnic tensions and rising political movements, as well as the distortion of history in such propaganda, is proposed by the author for future research.
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Teixeira, Leidy Anne, and Fotini Toscas. "PD21 Data Sources And Real-World Data On Medical Devices In The Brazilian Scenario." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322002823.
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IntroductionThe Brazilian government has made efforts in systems to generate data from medical devices (MD). This work explores the main systems and data sources in the perspective of contributing as a source to generate real world data (RDW).MethodsDocument review of relevant national data sources for MD. In addition, a structured search was carried out in EMBASE using key descriptors for RWD applied to the regulatory context and to the management of health technologies, without date or language restrictions.ResultsEighteen primary federal government data sources for MD were identified. Not all sources are publicly accessible. Of the articles, the search returned 1,185 results, of which 29 titles were selected and 8 met the protocol’s objective. Included articles were from Europe, the United States and Canada. As in other countries, Brazil initially systematized DM administrative data to meet commercial and financial demands. With the evolution of health technology assessment methods, the use of RDW has become imperative to assess the value of MD to society. Common examples from these countries are implantable MD databases. Current challenges focus on data linkage and quality, in addition to standardized naming. The adoption of the Unique Device Identification (UDI) is one of the promising initiatives to facilitate traceability throughout the lifecycle proposed in the International Medical Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF) of which Brazil is a member. Among the systems, the following stand out: i) ConectSUS, which intends to provide access to health information centered on the patient, anywhere and at any time; ii) National implant registry that generates data on implanted prostheses and stents, surgical techniques used, the profile of patients and the health services involved.ConclusionsThis work showed the similarities between Brazil and other countries in the management of MD data throughout its life cycle, as well as mapped the national primary data sources for MD.
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Nyikos, Györgyi, Szilvia Hajdu, and Tamás Laposa. "E-Cohesion: E-Solutions in the implementation of combined financial instruments." Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 325 (February 14, 2018): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.v325.36.
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Europe is facing an investment gap and the so-called financial instruments seem to be one of the solutions. They invest public sources on a repayable basis with a revolving character, which allows for a much greater efficiency in the allocation of public capital and the long-term sustainability of public investment. Policymakers see considerable value in supporting the further development of FIs and their use in both existing and new policy-related areas of activity3. The combined-credit is a unique financial development tool where credit and non-repayable assistance can be requested within a single financial product. [10,13]
The paper analyses the Hungarian practice using this special financial instrument with the application of information technology, both looking at the empirical evidences and seeking for an answer to the question, whether the combined utilization of financial instruments and grants is effective, useful or not, and how the different IT solutions could affect the efficiency of this financial product.
It is argued in this paper that the utilization of information technology can significantly improve the effectiveness of using financial instruments. This paper has three main aims: first, to review the legislation and the approach of Member States on the utilization of financial instruments; second, to analyse current and previous forms of IT support and their impact on the efficient utilization of the above instruments; third, to make proposals for further research on the e-government-based utilization of financial instruments.
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Shnyrkov, Oleksandr, Rita Zablotska, and Oleksii Chugaiev. "THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONS ON SERVICES EXPORTS OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 5 (February 8, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-5-9-17.
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Besides labor, capital and technology, institutions are another important factor of production and exports. They set a framework of motivation for economic activities and their efficiency. The previous research provided evidence for the effect of institutions on international trade and development. This paper focuses on the effect of institutional progress on export competitiveness of several services sectors in Central and Eastern Europe in the post-crisis period (2011-2017). In the analyzed period the services exports growth turned out to be more stable than the goods exports growth. The multi-country models showed that several types of institutional improvements affected the exports growth in the medium run. Excluding outliers, using weighted enlarged sample and alternative method for measuring exports growth were applied to assess robustness of the research results. Labor force growth, GDP and GDP per capita were initially used as control variables, but in most cases their effect for exports growth was insignificant in Central and Eastern Europe. Sector specific approach to the analysis turned out to be the most effective to understand the transmission mechanism of the effect under the situation of services heterogeneity. Monetary freedom (currency stability and market-based prices) stimulates exports of transport services. The rule of law (contract enforcement, property rights, efficiency of police and courts, absence of crime and violence etc.) is important for raising international tourism receipts. Information and communication technologies services exports depend primarily on voice and accountability (democratic principles, respects human rights and free media). As for financial and insurance services exports, no significant institutional factor was found. Control of corruption, political stability, labor freedom, government integrity, government effectiveness and lower government size also may be important, but their effect is not robust or cannot be distinguished from the effect of the abovesaid factors. It is more likely that fighting corruption may have a positive impact on the services exports than on the goods exports. The latter depend positively on the level of investment freedom. Using the selected EU Member States in Central and Eastern Europe as a benchmarking level enabled us to estimate a potential effect for services exports in case of Ukraine if it reaches their level of institutional development. In particular the institutional progress can boost Ukrainian transport, tourism, information and communication technologies services exports by 30-200% or by 10-15% of its GDP.
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Hámor, Tamás, Katalin Bódis, and Mária Hámor-Vidó. "The Legal Governance of Oil and Gas in Europe: An Indicator Analysis of the Implementation of the Hydrocarbons Directive." Energies 14, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 6411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196411.
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Hydrocarbons are traditional subjects to European Union (EU) law (“acquis communitaire”). A short historical review reveals that quasi all aspects of upstream and downstream segments are covered by the legislation. The results of applied information extraction and elaborated quantitative analysis indicate that the intensity of legislation making correlates with global drivers such as oil price booms, and technology developments such as extraction of unconventional hydrocarbons by hydraulic fracturing. A quarter of a century after the Hydrocarbons Directive was published and transposed by Member States (MS), data allow us to make a semi-quantitative assessment on the implementation, the major drivers of governments’ publication activity, and the impact on the oil and gas production. Another specific relevance of this study is on non-energy minerals management of the EU, whether the introduction of similar competitive bidding rules would induce a greater interest of investors, and the enhanced competition could bring more benefits to the states by the rejuvenation of the critical minerals extractive sector. The preliminary findings show that in some MS there is a positive correlation between the concession call publication activity and hydrocarbons production. To confirm these conclusions the analysis of an extended dataset including exploration data, investments, and social impacts is needed in order to screen the effect of global market trends, the exhaustion of domestic geological reserves, and the different policy environments.
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Barnett, Jonathan. "Antitrust Overreach: Undoing Cooperative Standardization in the Digital Economy." Michigan Technology Law Review, no. 25.2 (2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.36645/mtlr.25.2.antitrust.
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Information technology markets in general and wireless communications markets, in particular, rely on standardization mechanisms to develop interoperable devices for data processing, storage, and transmission. From 2G through the emergent 5G standard, wireless communications markets have largely achieved standardization through cooperative multi-firm arrangements that likely outperform the historically dominant alternatives of government monopoly, which is subject to informational deficits and regulatory capture, and private monopoly, which suffers from pricing and other distortions inherent to protected market positions. This cooperative process has successfully relied on three key legal elements: reasonably secure patents, quasi-contractual licensing commitments supplemented by reputation effects, and targeted application of antitrust safeguards against collusion risk. Over approximately the past decade, antitrust agencies and courts in the U.S., Europe and Asia have taken actions that threaten this legal infrastructure by limiting patentees’ ability to seek injunctive relief, adopting rigid understandings of “fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory” licensing principles, and addressing collusion risk among licensors-innovators while overlooking (and even exacerbating) collusion risk among licensees-implementers. These judicial and regulatory interventions in IP licensing markets shift value from firms and economies that specialize in generating innovations to firms and economies that specialize in integrating innovations into end-user products. These entity-level and country-level redistributive effects are illustrated by lobbying activities in the wireless communications markets and antitrust actions against IP licensors in jurisdictions that have substantial net IP deficits and are principally populated by IP licensees. Current antitrust policy promotes producers’ narrow interests in lower input costs while ignoring the broader public interest in preserving the cooperative standardization structures that have supported innovation and commercialization in the digital economy.
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MORRISEY, DONALD, GRAEME INGLIS, KERRY NEIL, ANNA BRADLEY, and ISLA FITRIDGE. "Characterization of the marine aquarium trade and management of associated marine pests in Australia, a country with stringent import biosecurity regulation." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 1 (March 2011): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000014.
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SUMMARYTrade in ornamental marine species in Australia, a country with relatively stringent import controls, was investigated using a telephone survey of wholesalers and retailers, and a desktop review of internet import databases and hobbyist trading websites. Information on the regulatory framework was obtained from government and other published or online sources, and from staff of regulatory agencies. Although the trade is small relative to that in the USA, Europe and parts of Asia, Australia imports significant numbers of marine fish each year for the aquarium trade. Many of the more than 200 species imported have the potential to become environmental and/or economic pests. Imported individuals of native species could act as vectors of disease or affect the genetic diversity of native populations if they were released into the wild. Regulatory measures include the use of lists of permitted species of plants and animals, a case-by-case risk assessment process for species not on these lists, and requirements for health certification and quarantining of imported stock. Once within Australia, however, translocation is less rigorously controlled, being managed by individual states and based largely on lists of prohibited species, though generally with scope for case-by-case assessment and refusal of permits for unwanted species, such as recognized pests. Wholesalers and retailers interviewed generally showed a responsible attitude to the disposal of dead or unwanted stock, but awareness and understanding of the potential pest risk of ornamental marine species was generally poor. The importance of raising public awareness of the pest potential of ornamental marine species is likely to increase with the growing importance of mail-order and internet trade.
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Wauters, Patrick. "Benchmarking e‐government policy within the e‐Europe programme." Aslib Proceedings 58, no. 5 (September 2006): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00012530610692348.
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Cookson, Richard, and Alan Maynard. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN EUROPE." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16, no. 2 (April 2000): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300101199.
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This paper discusses the challenges facing health technology assessment (HTA) in Europe, based on an explicit analysis of the characteristics of an “optimal” HTA system. It has three objectives: a) to elaborate an explicit system of policy goals and the characteristics of an optimal HTA system that facilitates the achievement of these goals; b) to identify the general institutional incentive barriers (government and market failures) that prevent the attainment of an optimal HTA system in Europe; and c) to argue that evaluation of the implications of health technologies for equity and inequality in health is an essential part of this optimal system and a considerable challenge for HTA decision makers, especially as national governments realign policy toward equity goals.
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Pinelli, Thomas E., Rebecca O. Barclay, Stan Hannah, Barbara Lawrence, and John M. Kennedy. "Knowledge Diffusion and U.S. Government Technology Policy." Science & Technology Libraries 13, no. 1 (February 19, 1993): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v13n01_03.
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Reichard, Christoph. "Local government reforms in Europe." Public Management Review 8, no. 1 (March 2006): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719030500518618.
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YANG, Joonseok. "Song Chin-woo’s Perception of the International Landscape and Thoughts on State Building." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 451–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.451.
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Song Chin-woo(宋鎭禹) learned the advanced ideas of the West while studying in Japan and laid the foundation for national self-reliance based on nationalism. During the March 1st Movement in 1919, Song Chin-woo adhered to Wilson’s principle of national self-determination, but independence from the United States and the West failed. Nevertheless, Song Chin-woo focused on self-reliance and independence in the 1920s and was wary of the American and Western order, simultaneously seizing that order’s legitimacy. Song Chin-woo maintained a confrontational stance toward the Soviet Union and communism but also expressed a willingness to cooperate with them in the interest of independence. He refused to follow China's religion and politics but emphasized friendly relations. He thought of Europe as a champion of universal human rights and ideas, but he was wary of its expansionary policies in Asia. Song Chin-woo insisted on establishing a Western democracy immediately after liberation based on longstanding international recognition, while emphasizing the injustice of establishing a communist government.
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Chen, Chung-Jen, Ming-Chih Chung, and Chien-Hung Wei. "Government policy of technology selection for advanced traveler information systems." R and D Management 36, no. 4 (September 2006): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00445.x.
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Jonsson, Egon. "DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN EUROPE." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 18, no. 2 (April 2002): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462302000181.
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Health technology assessment (HTA) grew from a need recognized by researchers concerned about the effectiveness of health services. They were later joined by policy makers in search of valid information about the costs and benefits of investments in health care. The history of HTA shows that this need appeared in many countries at nearly the same time.
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Stefánsson, Kristján Andri, and Gunnar Thór Thórarinsson. "Electronic Government: New Legislation on E-Government in Iceland." International Journal of Legal Information 31, no. 3 (2003): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003747.
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Government Policy on Matters of the Information SocietyWhile information technology has for a long time been utilized in public administration in Iceland, co-ordination and policy formulation only started in the mid-nineties. In 1996, the government made arrangements for a comprehensive policy formulation in this field, when the government formulated a specific policy on matters of the information society and established a provisional developmental project for this purpose under the direction of a special working group under the auspices of the Prime Minister's Office. While the project was to be completed within five years, from 1998 to 2002, it was decided at the beginning of this year to extend it to the end of the year 2003 while an appraisal of its implementation was carried out. Among the goals set in the governmental policy was that legislation, rules and the working methods of the public administration should be reviewed with a view to information technology, for the purpose of stimulating technological progress, and to make information accessible to the public irrespective of residence or economic resources. Furthermore, a special emphasis was put on the utilization of information technology in the dissemination of public information, and that all information systems used by government agencies should be structured so that they would provide information on laws, regulations, rights and obligations, and such matters, via a computer network, and also enable the public to go about their business, monitor the progress of important matters, and be provided with all such services which can be provided in this manner.
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Thomas, Vernon G., and Myrfyn Owen. "Preventing lead toxicosis of European waterfowl by regulatory and non-regulatory means." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 4 (December 1996): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039229.
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SummaryMany years of waterfowl hunting have added thousands of tonnes of lead shot to European wetlands. Effective and non-toxic substitutes for lead shot have been developed and are commercially available throughout Europe, but few nations (Denmark, Finland, Norway and the Netherlands) have statutory requirements for their use. Governments can induce hunters to use non-toxic shot by regulatory measures and/or non-regulatory steps, but economic incentives to increase the affordability of lead-free shot have never been used by any nation and might be politically inappropriate. Educational programmes to increase the hunting public's understanding of the poisoning problem, and to provide accurate information on the non-toxic shot, are the best long-term way for governments to focus their spending and induce change, whether on a voluntary or regulated basis. Each of the six nations which has moved to end lead poisoning of waterfowl has adopted a regulatory approach, but these nations have acted independently of each other, and yet the use of non-toxic shot should apply to all countries of a flyway.Several European treaty and policy precedents could form the basis of a pan-European regulation requiring the use of non-toxic shot. A proposal to eliminate the use of lead shot in wetlands has been made under the Bonn and Bern Conventions. An European Union-USA proposal to reduce the use of different categories of lead under an Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development Council Act has been made, but has deleted an earlier recommendation that lead shot be included. The substitution of lead shot by nontoxic alternatives is also consistent with the European Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds of 1979. The passing of a European Council regulation, stipulating the minimal acceptable standards for shot used for waterfowl hunting, is seen as the most effective way to remediate this transboundary toxic problem. This type of action by the European Union, while recognizing the Principle of Subsidiarity, would still allow other member states to enact more rigorous legislation pertaining to the use of lead shot within their jurisdiction, as have Denmark and the Netherlands. Although responsibility to enact and enforce a European Council regulation is the prerogative of each member state, a single regulation would promote consistency of action amongst all states.
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Sodhi, Inderjeet Singh. "Application of Information Technology to Global Financial Crisis." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 2, no. 1 (January 2015): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2015010104.
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The global financial crisis began to affect India from early 2008 through a withdrawal of capital from India's financial markets. IT is potentially being applied in every sector of the Indian economy for growth. There are many ICT and e-government projects/services like MCA 21 (Ministry of Corporate Affairs), Mission Mode Project for Computerisation of Commercial Taxes (MMPCT), Tax Information Exchange System (TINXSYS), eBiz, eTrade, etc. for the economic growth. The methodology focuses on analytical techniques and descriptive study of various e-government projects. The paper identifies issues based on the literature, theoretical concepts, and current financial crisis taking place throughout the world and its impact on developing countries in context of business and trade. The paper is based on analysis of relevant reports and documentation published by various ministries of government of India. The article looks into how e-government and IT are being applied and used to tackle in economic crisis in India which is very useful for the policy makers, planners, and administrators since it focuses on efforts made by various ministries and banks and it could help them to formulate policy and guidelines on the basis of the performance of e-government project for economic improvement.
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Oppenheim, Charles. "Are National Information Plans Useful?" Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 6, no. 2 (August 1994): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909400600205.
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A national information policy can be defined as a series of decisions taken by a national government which are designed to encourage a better information infrastructure. Information policy issues can be grouped into four broad areas: legislative issues, information and the economy, information and organizations, and information and social issues. Some countries (e.g. Germany, France and Japan) have explicit information policies; others, including the USA and the UK, do not. Often (as in the UK) the policy is to have no formal policy, but to leave it to the marketplace. The CEC has provided a highway (Euronet) for individual countries to offer their databases, but has not succeeded in producing a policy of Europe-wide database development, with the result that Europe still suffers from a highly fragmented information industry with many competing databases. Interestingly, several countries without clearly stated information policies – UK, Netherlands, USA – have strong information industries. This raises the question whether such a policy is needed. China is interested in developing one; since it is in the early stages of its economic development, it may be able to learn from the West's mistakes. Once its information infrastructure is in place, China must be careful to avoid over-zealous and continued intervention in sectors where it is no longer necessary.
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Anthony Jnr., Bokolo, Mazlina Abdul Majid, and Awanis Romli. "Green information technology adoption towards a sustainability policy agenda for government-based institutions." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 10, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 274–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-11-2017-0056.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the key Green information technology (IT) components needed to be considered by government-based institutions and to develop a Green policy framework based on the identified Green IT components to facilitate government-based institutions achieve sustainability. Design/methodology/approach The Green policy framework and associated propositions are developed to facilitate government-based institutions achieve sustainability. In addition, a case study approach was adopted to verify the proposed framework based on data collected from open-ended interviews and sustainability report documents from two government-based institutions in Malaysia. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed based on content analysis using descriptive and narrative method to present the findings of Green IT components adopted in the selected case studies. Findings Findings show that sustainability considerations are increasingly being deliberated in institutions. Moreover, finding from the analyzed data also indicates that there is an increased interest towards implementation of Green IT initiatives for developing, operating and usage by practitioners and staff within government-based institutions. Research limitations/implications Findings from this study suggest that the Green policy framework components have implications to support only government-based institutions address environmental, social and economic-related issues. Practical implications The developed Green IT components serve as robust indicators or constructs to measure management of Green IT initiatives currently being implemented and thereby provide a framework for sustainability committee members to benchmark their current Green IT practice. Social implications This study provides an agenda to guide government-based institutions achieve sustainability goals. Accordingly, government-based institutions can adopt the framework’s components to evaluate their progress, hence improving their target of attaining sustainability. Besides, this research provides an approach for assessing current practices adopted in government-based institutions against the Green IT components. Originality/value The originality of this study is attributed to the fact that this study presents Green IT policy framework to be considered by government-based institutions in achieving sustainability. The framework provides an agenda to simultaneously consider all three dimensions of sustainability the people, planet and profit (social, environment and economic). Moreover, this is one of the first studies to explore Green IT practices in government-based institutions.
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Pujiningsih, Sri. "Policy Polemic for Covid 19 and Efforts to Handling Information Technology." Journal of Morality and Legal Culture 1, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jmail.v1i2.46521.
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<table width="680" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="487"><p><strong>The Covid 19 pandemic case is sweeping the world, including one of them affected by the virus outbreak, the State of Indonesia. In dealing with this virus outbreak, each country takes different strategies. The Indonesian State pursues a large-scale social restriction policy. This study aims to explain the Covid 19 policy polemic and the efforts to handle it. The research method uses a normative juridical approach because it examines government policies in handling Covid cases, namely Law No.6 of 2018 and Government Regulation No.21 of 2020. Efforts to handle them, the government needs action that is fast and effective in dealing with the rate of spread of the Corona virus.</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
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Webber, Douglas, Martin Rhodes, J. J. Richardson, and Jeremy Moon. "Information technology and economic recovery in Western Europe." Policy Sciences 19, no. 3 (October 1986): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00141653.
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Nugraha, Budi. "The implementation of e-government policies to realize smrat government in the city of Bandung." JCIC : Jurnal CIC Lembaga Riset dan Konsultan Sosial 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51486/jbo.v2i1.13.
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ABSTRACT
This research was conducted due to the main problem, namely E-Government towards Smart Governance in Bandung that was still not effective. It might be caused by the implementation of E-Government Policy towards Smart Governance in the Office of Communications and Information Technology of Bandung that was not maximum yet .
The approach of this research was about policy implementation in the context of public policy and public administration’s view as the main theory to develop insight of public administration. The purpose of this research was to analyze the implementation of e-government policy towards smart governance in the Office of Communications and Information Technology of Bandung. This research used qualitative research approach and descriptive method.
The results showed that E-Government Policy’s implementation towards Smart Governance in the Office of Communications and Information Technology of Bandung was good, but there were still many disadvantages. It based on the findings after observation and interviews, including: Firstly, the environmental conditions in the Office of Communications and Information Technology of Bandung are already good. Secondly, although there is already a pattern of cooperation related to E-Government Management towards Smart Governance but in fact, the supervision is not maximum yet. Thirdly, although it already exist but not maximum yet for E-Government. Fourthly, the pattern of correlation between work units and the prevailing norms must be improve in implementation.
Furthermore, the conclusion of this research is the Implementation of E-Government Policy towards Smart Governance in the Office of Communications and Information Technology of Bandung has been running properly but it has not implement to all aspects yet.
Keywords: Policy Implementation, E-Government Management.
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Schlie-Roosen, F. "Quantitative indicators for federal government research and technology policy." Scientometrics 19, no. 5-6 (November 1990): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02020706.
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Lewis-Hughes, Peter, and Peter Brooks. "Pandemic planning: data, information and evidence." Australian Health Review 47, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah22236.
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In this article, we examine the role and effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA and Europe and consider possible lessons for future pandemic planning in Australia. We also ‘map’ the interjurisdictional communication pathways that have been secured since the election of the new Commonwealth government. We suggest a number of steps that could be taken to upgrade the collection, distribution, accessibility and timelines of key information required to improve pandemic management and national health outcomes. While it may be hard to contemplate a move to a fully integrated National capacity when we are only just emerging from the pandemic, we do have a unique opportunity to at least start the process of review. We should use the lessons we have learned to transform our systems, rather than ‘tinker’ with them and ensure we are better prepared for next time.
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Taylor, Roger, Anthony Bower, Federico Girosi, James Bigelow, Kateryna Fonkych, and Richard Hillestad. "Promoting Health Information Technology: Is There A Case For More-Aggressive Government Action?" Health Affairs 24, no. 5 (September 2005): 1234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.24.5.1234.
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Antioch, Kathryn M., Michael K. Walsh, David Anderson, and Richard Brice. "Forecasting hospital expenditure in Victoria: Lessons from Europe and Canada." Australian Health Review 22, no. 1 (1999): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah990133.
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This paper specifies an econometric model to forecast State government expenditure on recognised public hospitals in Victoria. The OECD's recent cross-country econometric work exploring factors affecting health spending was instructive. The model found that Victorian Gross State Product, population aged under 4 years, the mix of public and private patients in public hospitals, introduction of case mix funding and funding cuts, the proportion of public beds to total beds in Victoria and technology significantly impacted on expenditure. The model may have application internationally for forecasting health costs, particularly in short and medium-term budgetary cycles.
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Etzkowitz, Henry, and Alex Etzkowitz. "Europe of the Future and the Future of Europe: The Innovation/Austerity Choice." Industry and Higher Education 29, no. 2 (April 2015): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2015.0250.
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Although innovation policy usually follows the business cycle, it is both desirable and possible to reverse this trend. Perhaps the most telling commentary on contemporary Europe is the silence that met the presentation, at the recent European Parliament Innovation Conference, of the Chinese R&D spending curve passing the European Union curve in 2013. This intersection is a symptom of a deeper divergence in response to economic downturn between societies committed to innovation and those committed to austerity. One response to downturn is to double down on fiscal stimulus to increase spending in the short term and to create jobs, exemplified by the early Obama Administration's relatively modest stimulus package. Another response is to pull back, decrease government spending or, at best, hold it constant, as in the UK. The optimal response, as exemplified by China's continuing infusion of resources into higher education and advanced technology development, is for government to pursue fiscal expansion targeted at innovation, providing short-term economic stimulus while accelerating the transformation from a manufacturing-based economy to a knowledge-based economy.
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Shepherd, Elizabeth, Jenny Bunn, Andrew Flinn, Elizabeth Lomas, Anna Sexton, Sara Brimble, Katherine Chorley, Emma Harrison, James Lowry, and Jessica Page. "Open government data: critical information management perspectives." Records Management Journal 29, no. 1/2 (March 11, 2019): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-08-2018-0023.
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Purpose Open government data and access to public sector information is commonplace, yet little attention has focussed on the essential roles and responsibilities in practice of the information and records management professionals, who enable public authorities to deliver open data to citizens. This paper aims to consider the perspectives of open government and information practitioners in England on the procedural and policy implications of open data across local public authorities. Design/methodology/approach Using four case studies from different parts of the public sector in England (local government, higher education, National Health Service and hospital trust), the research involved master’s level students in the data collection and analysis, alongside academics, thus enhancing the learning experience of students. Findings There was little consistency in the location of responsibility for open government data policy, the range of job roles involved or the organisational structures, policy and guidance in place to deliver this function. While this may reflect the organisational differences and professional concerns, it makes it difficult to share best practice. Central government policy encourages public bodies to make their data available for re-use. However, local practice is very variable and perhaps understandably responds more to local organisational strategic and resource priorities. The research found a lack of common metadata standards for open data, different choices about which data to open, problems of data redundancy, inconsistency and data integrity and a wide variety of views on the corporate and public benefits of open data. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to England and to non-national public bodies and only draws data from a small number of case studies. Originality/value The research contributes to the debate about emerging issues around the complexities of open government data and its public benefits, contributing to the discussions around technology-enabled approaches to citizen engagement and governance. It offers new insights into the interaction between open data and public policy objectives, drawing on the experience of local public sectors in England.
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Li, Mingzhi, and Kai Reimers. "Innovation in China’s information and communications technology industry." Chinese Management Studies 9, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-01-2015-0017.
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Purpose – This paper aims to identify the sources of innovation in the current business environment of China. With the set target of transforming China into an innovative society by 2020, the Chinese government has taken dramatic measures to foster the nation’s innovation capability. Whether this Chinese model of promoting innovation has been successful and can be sustainable are controversial issues which need to be analyzed from an academic perspective. In recent years, there have been successful cases of innovation driven by grassroots entrepreneurs, especially in the information and communications technology (ICT) industry. Therefore, it is time to analyze their success factors from the perspectives of both corporate strategy and government policy. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology used in this research is a comparative case analysis, and several high-profile cases in China’s ICT industry have been selected for this comparative study. Information used in the analysis comes from publicly available sources such as business school case studies and industry and news media reports. The authors have been following the evolution of China’s ICT industry for more than a decade; insights from their prior research and knowledge gained through industry contacts are also used in the analysis. Findings – Generally speaking, the types of innovation in China’s ICT industry can be categorized into a top-down or a bottom-up approach. For the top-down approach of innovation driven by the government, the authors analyzed the case of the Chinese government’s effort to build an industry value chain through fostering the Chinese indigenous third-generation mobile communications standard time division–synchronous code division multiple access. In comparison, the authors use several success cases, including the ecosystem built around the highly successful XiaoMi mobile phone and Tencent’s mobile portal WeChat, as it showcases of the bottom-up approach of innovation driven by grassroots entrepreneurship. The comparison of these two approaches suggests that massive government-sponsored projects are unlikely to generate genuine innovation in the highly competitive and dynamic ICT sector. The government’s role should be to foster entrepreneurship and to create a fair business environment. Originality/value – This research uses the method of comparative case studies to identify the source of innovation in a highly dynamic and uncertain business environment. Findings of this study shed light on the government policy toward innovation in the ICT industry and on the business firms’ strategy on innovation.
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Owen, Barbara Buckley, Louise Cooke, and Graham Matthews. "Information Policymaking in the United Kingdom: The Role of the Information Professional." Journal of Information Policy 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.2.2012.51.
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Abstract Should a state have a single overarching national information policy? Currently for the United Kingdom, Buckley Owen, Cooke, and Matthews say no, and suggest that their analysis may be relevant elsewhere. Their conclusion is based on primary and secondary research including interviews with policymakers/implementers at the highest level. In their investigation into UK government policy on citizens' access to Public Sector Information, they map responsibility for eighteen different information policy issues across nine government departments, noting the diversity of the issues. Instead of a single rule, they offer a “framework” of elements, often representing cross-cutting issues, and offer suggestions for managing their coordination. They note the influence of experts and lobbyists on this process, and see a potential role for “information professionals” who know both technology and policy, with the relevant professional body playing a leading role. The authors conclude with ten recommendations for operationalizing their approach.
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Henshall, Chris, Pedro Koch, Georg Carl von Below, Albert Boer, José L. Conde-Olasagasti, Andrew Dillon, Bernhard Gibis, et al. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN POLICY AND PRACTICE." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 18, no. 2 (April 2002): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462302000302.
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According to the HTA-Europe report, health technology assessment (HTA) has the potential to influence health policy in the fields of research and development, regulation of pharmaceuticals, devices, and services, quality assurance, reimbursement, education and training of healthcare providers, and consumer education (1). To identify and bridge the gaps between HTA production and implementation, the goal of Working Group 6 was to approach the use of HTA in policy and practice on the aggregate policy level as well as in the local context, such as in hospitals. Members of Working Group 6 included both users (e.g., members of decision-making bodies) and producers (e.g., members of HTA agencies) of HTA reports. The aim of the working group was to identify three types of information on HTA implementation and impact. These included identifying successful examples of the implementation of HTA results, examples of structures that require HTA information as part of the decision-making process, and finally, identifying groups and persons who use HTA frequently and are willing to share their experiences with other HTA users and producers.
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Cai, Guo, and Tan. "Design of Incentive Contract for Technological Innovation of New Energy Vehicles with Asymmetric Information." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 4544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224544.
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The improvement of China’s new energy automobile technology is one of the most pressing issues for the government and manufacturers, given that the existing new energy automobile subsidy policy is about to be withdrawn completely. Considering that the manufacturer has the private information of the initial technology level of new energy vehicles, its technology can be improved by means of technological innovation. Using principal–agent and regulation theory, this paper studies how the government designs incentive contracts to motivate manufacturers to strive to upgrade new energy automotive technology. The study has obtained a quantitative incentive contract under full information and a quantitative screening contract with asymmetric information, which provides an effective reference for the design of government subsidy contracts. It was found that the existence of asymmetric information reduces the expected net utility of the government in incentive projects, and the technology upgrading of low-level manufacturers is insufficient, but will not affect the technology upgrading of high-level manufacturers who will get information rent. The conclusion has good reference value and guiding significance for government policy-making with asymmetric information.
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Inkinen, Tommi. "Best practices of the Finnish Government Information Society Policy Programme." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 6, no. 2 (May 25, 2012): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506161211246917.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to classify the best practices selected by the “Finnish Government Information Society Policy Programme” with a framework that includes four segments: technology, supply, demand, and spatial impact scale. These segments are elemental parts of service development processes, the best of which are classified into seven distinct categories: Telecommunications; Citizen Readiness; Education and Research; Working Life; Public Sector Electronic Services; Social and Health Care; and Electronic Commerce.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical material includes the best practices as defined by the Finnish Government Information Society Policy Programme 2003‐2007. The best practices were analyzed through their project descriptions. The data were classified with textual content analysis into categories that were further analyzed numerically. The tools of statistical analysis included cross‐tabulations and chi‐square tests.FindingsThe results reveal differentiation among the best practices. The majority of service development concerns applications and software. However, physical infrastructure development was also present in the largest cities. Public sector organizations produced more than half of all of the best practices selected. Public‐private partnerships were also common, and the majority of service development was targeted to the national level.Research limitations/implicationsThe best practices analyzed illustrate the view of the Finnish Government Information Society Policy Programme. Consequently, the analysis highlights the values of the policy program. The data include only a small segment of on‐going development activity and represents a case study and therefore it is limited to the Finnish and Nordic context.Originality/valueThis paper uses a unique primary data set. The results obtained reflect the originality of the study and clearly provide sufficient grounds to consider electronic service development. The results are also transferable to public sector decision makers dealing with regional policies and development.
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Irimie, Rada Cristina. "eParticipation Issues in Contemporary Europe." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i3.p16-34.
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Today, Information and Communication Technologies have developed to the extent of amplifying political procedures that are central to the contemporary civic society, such as political participation and citizen engagement. eParticipation is a multidisciplinary field of study, which is particularly relevant in several contexts and environments, e.g. digital democracy, public services, open government, popular social media etc. This paper addresses the eParticipation framework in the European context, during the last 10 years.Our research will explore theoretically and empirically how citizen participation is achieved through social media and digital public services. The article explores both the cultural and political environments that favor the development of eParticipation initiatives, with the study of networking interactions based on social and public policy initiatives. We are particularly interested in the public policy formulations that embrace eParticipation and most importantly the recent developments in the field, which include a number of eConsultation, ePolling, eLegislation, eElectioneering, eVoting etc. A review of the good practice examples in eParticipation policy development will help us identify the strengths and weaknesses of the digital framework. Within the context of social value, we want to explore the aspect of eParticipation in the broader political scene, by examining the role of digital participation in political crises. By drawing examples based on case studies of public policy formulation in European countries, the research suggests a correlation between digital innovation and challenging politics. The framework is originally designed to be sustainable for the European societies and it places citizens in the center of its conception. It is, however, argued that the interaction between public policy innovation and citizen engagement needs continuous scholarly attention and study.
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Irimie, Rada Cristina. "eParticipation Issues in Contemporary Europe." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.p16-34.
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Today, Information and Communication Technologies have developed to the extent of amplifying political procedures that are central to the contemporary civic society, such as political participation and citizen engagement. eParticipation is a multidisciplinary field of study, which is particularly relevant in several contexts and environments, e.g. digital democracy, public services, open government, popular social media etc. This paper addresses the eParticipation framework in the European context, during the last 10 years.Our research will explore theoretically and empirically how citizen participation is achieved through social media and digital public services. The article explores both the cultural and political environments that favor the development of eParticipation initiatives, with the study of networking interactions based on social and public policy initiatives. We are particularly interested in the public policy formulations that embrace eParticipation and most importantly the recent developments in the field, which include a number of eConsultation, ePolling, eLegislation, eElectioneering, eVoting etc. A review of the good practice examples in eParticipation policy development will help us identify the strengths and weaknesses of the digital framework. Within the context of social value, we want to explore the aspect of eParticipation in the broader political scene, by examining the role of digital participation in political crises. By drawing examples based on case studies of public policy formulation in European countries, the research suggests a correlation between digital innovation and challenging politics. The framework is originally designed to be sustainable for the European societies and it places citizens in the center of its conception. It is, however, argued that the interaction between public policy innovation and citizen engagement needs continuous scholarly attention and study.
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Mahmood, Mohamed, Vishanth Weerakkody, and Weifeng Chen. "The role of information and communications technology in the transformation of government and citizen trust." International Review of Administrative Sciences 86, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 708–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852318816798.
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We present an empirically tested conceptual model based on exit–voice theory to study the influence of information and communications technology-enabled transformation of government on citizen trust in government. We conceptualize and address the key factors affecting the influence of transformation of government on citizen trust, including government performance and transparency. Based on 313 survey responses from citizens in Bahrain, the top-ranked country in information and communications technology adoption in the Gulf Cooperation Council region, we test government performance and transparency as mediators between transformation of government and citizen trust. The resulting preliminary insights on the measurement and manifestation of citizen trust in the context of information and communications technology-enabled transformation of government have multiple policy implications and extend our understanding of how information and communications technology-enabled transformation of government can improve the government–citizen relationship and digital services adoption. Points for practitioners To fundamentally change the core functions of government, information and communications technology-enabled transformation of government must move beyond the simple digitization and web enabling of processes. Information and communications technology-enabled transformation of government has the potential to address declining citizen trust in government by improving transparency and performance. The success of information and communications technology-enabled transformation of government in Bahrain is attributable to its small size and demographic composition, the relative maturity of digital government initiatives, and the complete commitment of the government to information and communications technology-enabled transformation of government.
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Kersan-Škabić, Ines. "Information and Communication Technology Development and Foreign Trade in the Region of South-East Europe." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2021-0017.
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Abstract This paper provides an analysis of the influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, usage and skills on the export and import of goods and services in the region of South-East Europe (SEE) by applying gravity models to bilateral trade flows through the panel data analysis. The results show that GDP per capita and Internet usage have a significant positive impact on import, and in addition, the digital infrastructure and digital skills have a positive, but small impact on export. Distance has a negative impact on trade. These countries faced relatively poor development and usage of the ICT sector, which indicates unexplored potential which could be used to improve international trade if exploited by businesses, government and households.
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Kristensen, Finn Børlum, Kristian Lampe, Deborah L. Chase, Sun Hae Lee-Robin, Claudia Wild, Montse Moharra, Marcial Velasco Garrido, et al. "Practical tools and methods for health technology assessment in Europe: Structures, methodologies, and tools developed by the European network for Health Technology Assessment, EUnetHTA." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, S2 (December 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309990626.
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Objectives: This article presents an overview of the practical methods and tools to support transnational Health Technology Assessment (HTA) that were developed and pilot tested by the European network for HTA (EUnetHTA), which involved a total of sixty-four Partner organizations.Methods: The methods differ according to scope and purpose of each of the tools developed. They included, for example, literature reviews, surveys, Delphi and consensus methods, workshops, pilot tests, and internal/public consultation.Results: Practical results include an HTA Core Model and a Handbook on the use of the model, two pilot examples of HTA core information, an HTA Adaptation Toolkit for taking existing reports into new settings, a book about HTA and health policy making in Europe, a newsletter providing structured information about emerging/new technologies, an interactive Web-based tool to share information about monitoring activities for emerging/new technologies, and a Handbook on HTA capacity building for Member States with limited institutionalization of HTA.Conclusions: The tools provide high-quality information and methodological frameworks for HTA that facilitate preparation of HTA documentation, and sharing of information in and across national or regional systems. The tools will be used and further tested by partners in the EUnetHTA Collaboration aiming to (i) help reduce unnecessary duplication of HTA activities, (ii) develop and promote good practice in HTA methods and processes, (iii) share what can be shared, (iv) facilitate local adaptation of HTA information, (v) improve the links between health policy and HTA.
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Rudy, Rudy, and Abdul Muis Prasetia. "SWOT ANALYSIS AND TOWS MATRIX E-GOVERNMENT ON TANA TIDUNG CITY OF KALIMANTAN UTARA." Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education) 3, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/elinvo.v3i1.19518.
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ABSTRAct Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can improve the speed of information delivery, efficiency, global reach and transparency. One of the efforts to realize good corporate governance (GCG) governance in the era of regional autonomy is to use information and communication technology or popularly called e-Government. The implementation of e-Government the need for master plan information technology as a guide in the integration of information technology in Local Government, e-Government implementation is expected to help improve interaction between government, community and business, so as to encourage political and economic development. In this paper presents the determination of e-Government policy strategy using SWOT analysis method which is considered capable to analyze the relationship or interaction between internal elements, namely strengths and weaknesses, as well as against the external elements of opportunities and threats. Keywords: ICT, SWOT, e-Government.
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D’Arma, Alessandro, and Giovanni Gangemi. "(Un)welcome guests: Transnational video-on-demand and the new European works quotas in Italy." Journal of Digital Media & Policy 12, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00078_1.
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Programming and investment quotas in favour of ‘European works’ are an important element of the audiovisual ‘cultural policy toolkit’ in Europe. In reasserting their role, the revised 2018 Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) has updated these rules in response to the rise of transnational video-on-demand (VoD) services across the continent. This article examines why and how Italy embarked on a reform of its domestic regime on quotas in 2017, in parallel with the revision of the AVMSD. It shows that Italian policy-makers sought to adopt a system of quotas that was far more stringent than the one previously in force and that also departed from the EU approach in significant ways. The evidence presented here shows that while national broadcasters managed to get the government to water down its initial proposals, Netflix and the other VoD providers were not involved in the formal discussions with the government until at late stage and were unable to shape policy outcome to their advantage. We argue the Italian case is a prime example of the continued commitment to quotas as a core element of the audiovisual cultural policy toolkit seen across Europe.