Dissertations / Theses: 'Information systems philosophy'

1

Brand, Per. "The design philosophy of distributed programming systems : the Mozart experience." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektronik- och datorsystem, ECS, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232.

Full text

Abstract:

Distributed programming is usually considered both difficult and inherently different from concurrent centralized programming. It is thought that the distributed programming systems that we ultimately deploy, in the future, when we've worked out all the details, will require a very different programming model and will even need to be evaluated by new criteria. The Mozart Programming System, described in this thesis, demonstrates that this need not be the case. It is shown that, with a good system design, distributed programming can be seen as an extended form of concurrent programming. This is from the programmer's point-of-view; under the hood the design and implementation will necessarily be more complex. We relate the Mozart system with the classical transparencies of distributed systems. We show that some of these are inherently on the application level, while as Mozart demonstrates, others can and should be dealt with on the language/system level. The extensions to the programming model, given the right concurrent programming base, are mainly concerned with non-functional properties of programs. The models and tuning facilities for failure and performance need to take latency, bandwidth, and partial failure into account. Other than that there need not be any difference between concurrent programming and distributed programming. The Mozart Programming System is based on the concurrent programming language Oz, which integrates, in a coherent way, all three known concurrency or thread-interaction models. These are message-passing (like Erlang), shared objects (like Java with threads) and shared data-flow variables. The Mozart design philosophy is thus applicable over the entire range of concurrent programming languages/systems. We have extracted from the experience with Mozart a number of principles and properties that are applicable to the design and implementation of all (general-purpose) distributed programming systems. The full range of the design and implementation issues behind Mozart are presented. This includes a description of the consistency protocols that make transparency possible for the full language, including distributed objects and distributed data-flow variables. Mozart is extensively compared with other approaches to distributed programming, in general, and to other language-based distributed programming systems, in particular
QC 20100928

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Sirisukha, Sid. "Protecting management information systems virtual private network competitive advantage : a thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of design and creative technologies AUT University in partial fulfilment for the degree of doctor of philosophy, 2007." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/324.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kelly, Liam Patrick. "Hacking Systems, Hacking Values: Interactive Theories For An Interactive World." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36477.

Full text

Abstract:

Langdon Winner's article "Do Artifacts Have Politics?" (1986) has become a classic piece within Science and Technology Studies. While Winner was certainly not the first to consider the inherently political qualities of technology, his article has assumed the role of a touchstone for both supporters and critics of the idea that artifacts embody political and social relationships. In the chapters that follow, I shall try to answer Winner and his critics, by studying a particular technology that I believe to be capable of shedding some much-needed light on the issue. My aim is provide a restatement of Winner's question in the pages that follow, with the hope of getting past such problematic terms as "embodiment" and "encapsulation." My hope is to make the issue itself clearer, so that we can get to the heart of how technology, values, and human beings systematically interact.

I shall utilize in my discussion computer network scanning software. I shall first discuss the background to the question "Do Artifacts Have Politics?" and then describe some of the ethical and political forces alive in the computer security world. Next I shall closely examine two particular pieces of network scanning software and describe their interactions in terms of political and ethical motivations. Finally, I shall use this case study as a basis for a broader discussion of how values may be better conceived in terms of complex interactive systems of human beings and technologies.

Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Nicho, Mathew. "Information technology audit systems alignment and effectiveness measures : a thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of design and creative technologies, AUT University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/646.

Full text

Abstract:

Information technology audit has proven to be a relatively new, less researched and rapidly expanding field among large, medium and even small businesses (commercial and non-commercial organisations). The implementation rate has grown rapidly and presents a huge growth market for audit consultants due to the need for transparency and compliance with regulation (for example: Sarbanes Oxley Act) and the need to be competitive in the marketplace. The audit process is being conducted mainly by consultants following a traditional process but using different proprietary approaches and mostly done manually. The purpose of this study is to present a scientific method to attach a purely measurement focus to the auditing process so as to provide an auditing as well as a quantitative outcome of the performance to the various IS entities that are audited using a novel automated method that can save organisations considerable resources in terms of time, cost and effort. The nature of the topic directed the researcher to three domains of information system (IS) namely studies on IS measurement, IT governance and software engineering. These areas provided information on the nature of IS measurement and the models used; the process of auditing/measurement and the corresponding frameworks used; the principles and methodology of measurement of IS entities; and measurement models used both in the software engineering and information systems domain. The review of the literature gave rise to the research question and the COBIT-GQM (Control Objectives for Information Technology Audit) – Goal Question Metrics) model. The research question that had emerged out of the four propositions “How can an IT audit or governance framework be used to measure the effectiveness of IS entities in a scientific manner using customised and goal oriented metrics” along with the nature of data sought (positivist), guided the researcher to qualitative research using multiple case studies to test the theoretical model (grounded theory) that had emerged out of the literature review. The theoretical model was automated (with a front end interface and a back-end database) and initially tested for usability issues. Then the common COBIT control objective that was obtained through an initial survey was entered into the database along with a set of questions and metrics (developed by the researcher by following the given GQM guidelines). This application that was demonstrated, and given for evaluation in four organisations gave rise to expected and surprising results. While the respondents expressed their desire to incorporate a customised and goal oriented measurement perspective to their IT audit/performance functions, that would save them time, effort and cost, numerous suggestions were provided that need to be incorporated into the model to make it fully functional. Notable among them are the need to embed a multiple contextual qualifying layer, incorporating benchmarking feature to the model, and the need to link this with the maturity model. These were incorporated into the model and a comprehensive model incorporating all the suggestions was created. The qualitative case study method being used here more to evaluate a theory, provided a sound base for future studies to generate hypothesis that can be evaluated using quantitative survey methods for the model to be generalised. IT auditing being a relatively new, less researched, conventional and high growth oriented field, the use of an innovative, comprehensive, automated and scientific method of audit and measurement method will satisfy the implied need for organisations to incorporate the diverse audit/measurement/ control/standards into one comprehensive method and this research is a major step in this direction. Since the new model is comprehensive and can be automated organisations can economise in terms of time, cost and effort. Irrespective of the nature of economic cycle the need for economising in terms of cost, time and effort is universal for all organisations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ryan, Patricia A. "A general model for structural processing in cultural and developmental systems." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115764.

Full text

Abstract:

Anthropology, and other disciplines have searched for isomorphic principles and rules operating in information systems. This thesis locates and describes this deep structure applicable to all information systems. It presents a model for information flow as a set of ordering principles revealing universal patterns inherent in nature, a set of transformation rules functioning to increase organization and complexity, and a structure for this activity. The model is isomorphic: it demonstrates similar operational behavior in different systems. Major features of the model include polarity, emergent or transformational phenomena, self-organization, and a trajectory traveling through a hierarchical structure representing the flow of information. Polar opposition is the primary functional mechanism, and has two critical roles. It initiates and maintains the trajectory through time and stabilizes the system by representing existence in time. The author applies the model to consciousness, neurogenesis, ontogeny, social behavior, mythology, rites of passage, and other systems.
Department of Anthropology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Blakey, Jeremy Peter. "Database training for novice end users : a design research approach : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/880.

Full text

Abstract:

Of all of the desktop software available, that for the implementation of a database is some of the most complex. With the increasing number of computer users having access to this sophisticated software, but with no obvious way to learn the rudiments of data modelling for the implementation of a database, there is a need for a simple, convenient method to improve their understanding. The research described in this thesis represents the first steps in the development of a tool to accomplish this improvement. In a preliminary study using empirical research a conceptual model was used to improve novice end users’ understanding of the relational concepts of data organisation and the use of a database software package. The results showed that no conclusions could be drawn about either the artefact used or the method of evaluation. Following the lead of researchers in the fields of both education and information systems, a design research process was developed, consisting of the construction and evaluation of a training artefact. A combination of design research and a design experiment was used in the main study described in this thesis. New to research in information systems, design research is a methodology or set of analytical techniques and perspectives, and this was used to develop a process (development of an artefact) and a product (the artefact itself). The artefact, once developed, needed to be evaluated for its effectiveness, and this was done using a design experiment. The experiment involved exposing the artefact to a small group of end users in a realistic setting and defining a process for the evaluation of the artefact. The artefact was the tool that would facilitate the improvement of the understanding of data modelling, the vital precursor to the development of a database. The research was conducted among a group of novice end users who were exposed to the artefact, facilitated by an independent person. In order to assess whether there was any improvement in the novices’ understanding of relational data modelling and database concepts, they then completed a post-test. Results confirmed that the artefact, trialled through one iteration, was successful in improving the understanding of these novice end users in the area of data modelling. The combination of design research and design experiment as described above gave rise to a new methodology, called experimental design research at this early juncture. The successful outcome of this research will lead to further iterations of the design research methodology, leading in turn to the further development of the artefact which will be both useful and accessible to novice users of personal computers and database software. This research has made the following original contributions. Firstly, the use of the design research methodology for the development of the artefact, which proved successful in improving novice users’ understanding of relational data structures. Secondly, the novel use of a design experiment in an information systems project, which was used to evaluate the success of the artefact. And finally, the combination of the developed artefact followed by its successful evaluation using a design experiment resulted in the hybrid experimental design research methodology. The success of the implementation of the experimental design research methodology in this information systems project shows much promise for its successful application to similar projects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ingram, David. "Using systems theory to do philosophy : one approach, and some suggested terminology : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Philosophy and Religious Studies, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1022.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis employs perspectives inspired by General Systems Theory to address issues in philosophy, including moral philosophy and philosophy of mind. I present an overview of a range of ideas from the study of physical systems that may be used to provide a firm physicalist foundation to explorations of some common questions in philosophy. I divide these topics into three categories: the Physical Category, the Relevance Category and the Signal Elements Category. I interpret concepts from General Systems Theory, including information and entropy, in a way that I believe facilitates their incorporation into philosophical discussion. I also explain various points arising from General Systems Theory, such as order and disorder, stability, complexity, and self-organisation, and show how ideas from these areas can be applied to certain philosophical problems. I explain relevance in terms of stability, in order to link these scientific perspectives to questions in moral philosophy. I suggest a possible physical foundation for a theory of morality, which takes the form of a variety of Utilitarianism, intended to balance the competing needs of open systems to manage entropy. Such a theory of morality must be capable of dealing with limitations arising from the physicality of information; I propose game theory as a solution to this problem. This thesis also covers issues connected to the above points regarding the nature of consciousness and communication. In particular, I examine the role of linguistic associations in consciousness; and some related features of language and other non-linear representational schemes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Engelbrecht, Judith Merrylyn. "Electronic clinical decision support (eCDS) in primary health care: a multiple case study of three New Zealand PHOs : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1107.

Full text

Abstract:

Health care providers internationally are facing challenges surrounding the delivery of high quality, cost effective services. The use of integrated electronic information systems is seen by many people working in the health sector as a way to address some of the associated issues. In New Zealand the primary health care sector has been restructured to follow a population based care model and provides services through not-for-profit Primary Health Organisations (PHOs). PHOs, together with their District Health Boards (DHBs), contributing service providers, and local communities, are responsible for the care of their enrolled populations. The Ministry of Health (MoH) is streamlining information sharing in this environment through improvements to computer based information systems (IS). By providing health professionals with improved access to required information within an appropriate time frame, services can be targeted efficiently and effectively and patient health outcomes potentially improved. However, the adoption of IS in health care has been slower than in other industries. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of health care professionals’ attitudes to, and use of, available IS is currently needed to contribute to the development of appropriate systems. This research employs a multiple case study strategy to establish the usage of IS by three New Zealand PHOs and their member primary health care providers (PHPs), with a focus on the role of IS in clinical decision support (CDS). A mixed method approach including semi-structured interviews and postal surveys was used in the study. Firstly, the research develops and applies a survey tool based on an adaptation of an existing framework, for the study of IT sophistication in the organisations. This provides the foundation for an in-depth study of the use of computerised CDS (eCDS) in the PHO environment. Secondly, a conceptual model of eCDS utilisation is presented, illustrating the variation of eCDS use by member general practitioner (GP) practices within individual organisations. Thirdly, five areas of importance for improving eCDS utilisation within PHO’s are identified, contributing information of use to organisations, practitioners, planners, and systems developers. Lastly, the research provides a structure for the study of the domain of eCDS in PHOs by presenting a research approach and information specific for the area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Dzonlic, Muris. "Informationssökningsprocess på Internet i studiesituationer." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4050.

Full text

Abstract:

Uppsatsen presenterar hur högskolestudenter och gymnasieelever av båda könen (killar respektive tjejer) hanterar informationssökning och källkritik på Internet i samband med studier. Syftet med studien är att se skillnader och likheter i tre sökaspekter (informationsbehov, sökstrategi och källkritik). Sedan vill jag se hur tre sökaspekter används av båda könen bland högskolestudenter och gymnasieelever. Undersökningen är en både kvantitativ och kvalitativ studie. Det kvantitativa inslaget bygger på enkätfrågor och öppna frågor medan det kvalitativa inkluderar intervjufrågor. Teoretisk referensram består av litteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar som ger teoretiskt stöd åt ett operationaliseringsschema och ger grund åt hela studien. Studien begränsas till högskolestudenter och gymnasieelever av båda könen som går medieinriktade studier, oberoende av årskursnivå. Ett oväntat resultat som studien visade är, att både högskolestudenter och gymnasieelever av båda könen tittar mest på sina träffar ”Till mitten pålistan”. I studien upptäcktes att högskolestudenter och gymnasieelever av båda könen har kunskap om källkritik, men det stora problemet hos båda grupperna är ”Tidsbrist” och ”Har inte lust”, så att de undviker granska källor på Internet. Högskolestudenter och gymnasieelever av båda könen är medvetna om konsekvenserna som kan uppstå om de inte kritisk granskar källor på Internet. Det sökmönster som högskolestudenter och gymnasieelever av båda könen använder är att de först söker med bred sökning och sedan med smal sökning. Deras val av sökverktyg är ”Google” och de söker mest med sökord.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Lundberg, Christoffer. "CoFramer : Ett diskussionsformat för djupa diskussioner på publika forum med låg Information Overload inspirerat av Philosophy for Children." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76277.

Full text

Abstract:

Syftet med studien är att presentera ett designkoncept för publika diskussioner på nätet med målet att uppnå djupare diskussioner och minska mängden information overload. Arbetet använder metoden Concept Driven Interaction Design (CDID) som går ut på att skapa ett designkoncept utifrån flera olika teorier som appliceras genom interaktionsdesign. Ett designkoncept innehåller tre delar: ett namn, ett syfte och huvudprinciper. CDID innehåller sju steg som arbetet är utformat efter: 1. Concept Generation – Summeras i en tabell som jämför diskussioner i forum (med flera antagande) och diskussioner med hjälp av metoden Philosophy for Children (P4C), samt annan teori. 2. Concept Exploration – Åtta olika designaspekter identifieras utifrån jämförelsetabellen. 3. Internal Concept Critique – Designaspekterna jämförs med två snarlika diskussionsformat. 4. Design of Artifacts – Designkoncept version 1 skapas. 5. External Design Critique – Intervjuer utförs för att undersöka intervjupersonerna generella erfarenheter av online diskussioner, testar antagandena från jämförelsetabellen och ge direkt feedback på första versionen av designkonceptet. 6. Concept Revisited – Ändringar görs baserat på intervjumaterial och direkt feedback. 7. Concept Contextualization – Designkonceptet kopplas tillbaka till litteraturen. Studien resulterar i ett designkoncept kallat CoFramer och stödjer dessa huvudprinciper som ställs i kontrast till material som identifierats genom intervjuerna: Tabell 1: CoFramers huvudprinciper och faktorer från intervjuer om diskussioner på forum. CoFramers huvudprinciper | Från intervjuer om diskussioner på forum Strukturerad början och slut | Diskussion utan tydligt slut Begränsat antal deltagare | Stor mängd deltagare Minimum antal deltagare | Många inaktiva åskådare Explicita deltagare | Lite information om deltagare Gemensamma förutsättningar | Otydlighet kring deltagares förutsättningar Begränsad informationstäthet per inlägg | Långa inlägg och/eller snabba inlägg Den röda tråden och parallella trådar | Oftast parallella trådar Aktiv samtalsledare | Outredda missförstånd Studien indikerar på att CoFramer bör resultera i mer strukturerade diskussioner och som utsätter användaren för en lägre mängd information overload och mindre grounding cost jämfört med vad som vanligtvis uppstår i publika diskussioner online.
The focus of this essay is to develop a design concept for online public discussions with deep discussions and low information overload. The method used is Concept Driven Interaction Design (CDID) which involves constructing a design concept by applying a variety of theories in tangible interaction design. A design concept has three basic parts: a name, high-level goals and outlines generic principles. CDID includes seven steps which is used in this work: 1. Concept Generation – Formatted into a table that compare forum discussion (with several hypothesis) compared to discussions with the method Philosophy for Children (P4C) and other theories. 2. Concept Exploration – Eight distinct design aspects are identified from the comparison table. 3. Internal Concept Critique – The design aspects are compared to three similar discussion formats. 4. Design of Artifacts – Design concept version 1 is created. 5. External Design Critique – Interviews are conducted to explore their general experience of online discussions, investigate the hypothesis from the comparison table and to seek direct feedback on the first draft of the design concept. 6. Concept Revisited – Changes are made to the design concept based on the interview material and the direct feedback. 7. Concept Contextualization – The design concept is related to the original literature. The result of the study is a design concept named CoFramer. CoFramer’s generic principles are summarized and contrasted against factors identified from the interview material in this table: Tabell 2: CoFramer’s generic principles and interviews about online discussions. CoFramer’s generic principles | From interview material on forum discussion Organized start and ending | Discussions without clear ending Limited number of participants | Large number of participants Minimum number of participants | Large number of inactive spectators Explicit participants | Low information about participants Common conditions | Vagueness in participants conditions Limited information density per post | Long posts and/or fast posts The red thread and parallel threads | Often parallel threads Active facilitator | Unresolved misunderstandings The study indicates that CoFramer would create more structured discussions with a lower amount of information overload and less grounding cost compared what normally arise in public online discussions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Blankenship, Joe. "Forging Blockchains: Spatial Production and Political Economy of Decentralized Cryptocurrency Code/Spaces." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6681.

Full text

Abstract:

Cryptocurrencies and blockchains are increasingly used, implemented and adapted for numerous purposes; people and businesses are integrating these technologies into their practices and strategies, creating new political economies and spaces in and of everyday life. This thesis seeks to develop a foundation of geographic theory for the study of spatial production within and surrounding blockchain technologies focusing on acute studies of Bitcoin as cryptocurrency, Ethereum as digital marketplace, and their conditions of possibility as decentralized autonomous organizations. Utilizing concepts from Henri Lefebvre's Production of Space, this thesis situates blockchain technologies within the wider discussion about the political economy of modes of spatial production, dialectical material methods, code/space, and network society through an examination of human and machine relations within their unique and emergent spaces. Combining phenomenological and dialectical material methods with the methodological practice of discourse analysis and systems theory, this thesis explores an understanding of how systemic mechanisms and actant actions driving blockchain technologies are indications of new evolutions in our conceptions of space and place in everyday life of later informational capitalism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Göransson, Therese. "Från exkludering till inkludering : En studie för att belysa Digitaliseringens baksida." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-77528.

Full text

Abstract:

Den digitala utvecklingen har ända sedan 1950-talet som gett upphov till utanförskap, däremot var det först kring 1990-2000-talet som detta blev ett mer samhälleligt problem. Digitaliseringen ökade snabbt och organisationer ville och vill fortfarande ta del av de fördelar som digitala tekniker kan skapa för dess organisationer, i så väl tid som pengar. Sverige är ett av de länder som ligger i framkant på digitaliseringsresan, men det finns också en baksida. Den snabba digitaliseringen har skapat en grupp i samhället som blivit exkluderade. I Sverige består den av över en miljon människor. Denna grupp representeras av människor som även socialt kan stöta på hinder i samhället på utifrån faktorer så som ålder, utbildning, funktionsvariation, arbetslöshet och ensamhet. Syftet med studien var att belysa denna digitala exkludering som blir en baksida av digitaliseringen. Jag ville även skapa en bild över var ansvar för digitaliseringen finns och bör finnas samt undersöka hur man i dagsläge arbetar för att motarbeta digital exkludering. Studiens resultat visar att ansvaret är delat mellan organisationer, privatpersoner och politiker. Åtgärder tas idag, men inte i tillräckligt stor utsträckning. Det krävs en ökad förståelse och medvetenhet om vilka konsekvenser digital exkludering kan medföra vilket även exemplifieras i en intervju med en respondent som utsatts för digitalt bedrägeri.
The digital development has since the 1950s given rise to exclusion, but it was not until 1990-2000 that it became a more of a social problem. Digitization grew rapidly and organizations wanted, and still want to take advantage of the benefits that digital funds could create for their organizations, both in recourses as time and money. Sweden is one of the countries that are at the forefront of the digital transformation journey, but there is also a back side. The rapid digitization has created a group in the society that has been excluded, which is over a one million people large. This group is represented by people who can also be considered having socially barriers in society based on factors such as age, education, functional variation, unemployment and loneliness. The purpose of the study was to shed light on this digital exclusion as a backside of digitalization, get a picture of responsibility, but also to see what work that is in progress today to counter this. The study results in responsibility being shared between organizations, private individuals and politicians. Measures are taken today, but not to a sufficient extent. Increased understanding and awareness of what consequences this may entail, which is also exemplified in an interview with a respondent who has been subjected to digital fraud, is required.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Grafström, Therese. "Mjuk och hård styrning av Lean bestämmer inte hur effektiv Lean är på företag : En fallstudie av ett införande av Lean." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86061.

Full text

Abstract:

Aldrig förr har vi konsumerat så mycket som nu och konsumenterna ställer hela tiden krav på högre kvalitet till lägre pris, samtidigt som kostnader för arbetskraft, energi och material ständigt ökar. För att bemöta kundernas behov används olika produktionssystem. Lean production är ett sådant produktionssystem och inkluderar en mängd uppsättning praktiska verktyg, men också en filosofi byggd på engagemang, kunskap, team-känsla och ledarskap. Lean är något många företag eftersträvar att införa, men studier visar att mindre än 20% lyckas att införa hela Leans koncept. Det är främst de mjuka delarna av Lean (filosofin) som företagen har svårast att implementera, vilket innebär att Lean i många fall reduceras till en verktygslåda. I denna studie har Lean-implementationen på ett fallföretag studerats. Fallföretaget införde Lean i samband med ”Produktionslyftet” år 2007 i syfte att effektivisera processer och bemöta hårdnande konkurrens. Ett antal intervjuer har genomförts med både produktions-personal och personer i ledande befattning. För att synliggöra individens roll i införandet och anammandet av Lean har en ny undersökningsmodell tagits fram för att analysera empirin och som utgår från ramverket för teknik, organisation och miljö, TOE, men där influensen av miljö har ersatts av influensen av individ, TOI. Den teoretiska undersöknings-modellen är undersökarens bidrag till forskningen. Resultatet av studien visar på att fallföretaget är ett klassiskt exempel på ett företag som lyckats väl med att införa de tekniska verktygen av Lean och att verksamheten fungerar mycket bättre idag än före införandet av Lean. Fallföretaget har ökat leveranssäkerheten och omsättningen men samtidigt minskat på produktionsytan och producerar ändå mer på samma tid. Däremot har fallföretaget inte lika tydligt implementerat de mjuka beståndsdelarna av Lean, det vill säga själva filosofin. Undersökningsmodellen TOI lyfter här fram verksamhetens karaktär, en hierarkisk och toppstyrd organisation, som en möjlig faktor till varför de mjuka beståndsdelarna inte har fått fäste. Modellen visar även att individen inte integrerar och samspelar med de influenser som borde skapa Lean. Samspelet mellan individ och ledning (organisation) ses som väsentliga för att uppnå de mjuka beståndsdelarna. För att få Leans hela koncept måste det finnas ett samspel och förbindelse mellan TOI modellens tre influenser; teknik, organisation och individ. Alla delarna är lika viktiga för att hela Lean ska få fäste. Detta är en möjlig anledning till varför det är mindre än 20% av Lean-projekteten som misslyckas med att implementera Leans hela koncept.
Never before have we consumed as much as now and customers are constantly demanding higher quality at a lower price, while at the same time costs are increasing for labour, energy and materials. Different production systems are used to meet customer needs. Lean production is such a production system and includes a variety of practical tools but also a philosophy based on commitment, knowledge, team spirit and leadership. Lean is something many companies strive to introduce, but studies shows that less than 20% succeed in introducing the entire Lean concept. It’s mainly the soft parts of Lean (the philosophy) that companies have most difficulty to implement, which means that in many cases Lean is reduced to a toolbox. This study is about the Lean implementation in a case company. The case company introduced Lean through its participation in the "Produktionslyftet" in 2007 with the aim of streamlining processes and responding to toughening competition. A number of interviews have been carried out with both production staff and senior executives. In order to highlight the individual's role in the introduction and adoption of Lean, a research model has been developed to analyse the empirical data, which is based on the framework for technology, organization and environment, TOE, but where the influence of environment has been replaced by the influence of the individual, TOI. The theoretical survey model is the investigator's contribution to the science. The result of the study shows that the case company is a classic example of a company that has succeeded well in introducing the technical tools of Lean and that the operation works much better today than before the introduction of Lean. The case company has increased the delivery reliability and sales but at the same time decreased the production area and still produces more at the same time allotted. However, the case company has not as clearly implemented the soft elements of Lean, that is, the philosophy itself. The survey model TOI highlights the nature of the business, a hierarchical and top-down organization, as a possible factor why the soft components have not been attached. The model also shows that the individual does not integrate and interact with the influences that should create Lean. The interaction between individual and management (organization) are seen as essential for achieving the soft components. In order to get the whole concept of Lean, there must be an interaction and connection between the three influences of the TOI model; technology, organization and individual. All parts are equally important for the whole of Lean to get attached. This is a possible reason why there are less than 20% of Lean projects that fail to implement the entire Lean concept.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Gray, John Max. "Virtue Ethics: Examining Influences on the Ethical Commitment of Information System Workers in Trusted Positions." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/364.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite an abundance of research on the problem of insider threats, only limited success has been achieved in preventing trusted insiders from committing security violations. Virtue ethics may be an approach that can be utilized to address this issue. Human factors such as moral considerations impact Information System (IS) design, use, and security; consequently they affect the security posture and culture of an organization. Virtue ethics based concepts have the potential to influence and align the moral values and behavior of information systems workers with those of an organization in order to provide increased protection of IS assets. An individual’s character strengths have been linked to positive personal development, but there has been very little research into how the positive characteristics of virtue ethics, exhibited through the character development of information systems workers, can contribute to improving system security. This research aimed to address this gap by examining factors that affect and shape the ethical perspectives of individuals entrusted with privileged access to information. This study builds upon prior research and theoretical frameworks on institutionalizing ethics into organizations and Information Ethics to propose a new theoretical model which demonstrates the influences on Information Systems Security (ISS) trusted worker ethical behavior within an organization. Components of the research model include ISS virtue ethics based constructs, organizational based internal influences, societal based external influences, and trusted worker ethical behavior. This study used data collected from 395 professionals in an ISS organization to empirically assess the model. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to analyze the indicators, constructs, and path relationships. Various statistical tests determined validity and reliability, with mixed but adequate results. All of the relationships between constructs were positive, although some were stronger and more significant. The expectation of the researcher in this study was to better understand the character of individuals who pose an insider threat by validating the proposed model, thereby providing a conceptual analysis of the character traits which influence the ethical behavior of trusted workers and ultimately information system security.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Lundgren, Andreas, and Erik Lindström. "Customer Relationship Managements fallgropar : En studie för att uppmärksamma kritiska delar och misstag vid införandet och det kontinuerliga arbetet med Customer Relationship Management." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297237.

Full text

Abstract:

Customer Relationship Management blir ett allt vanligare verktyg för att hantera kundvård för företag, det används främst för att hantera kundrelationer och lagra kundinformation. Customer Relationship Management, eller CRM, bygger på en affärsfilosofi som bör genomsyra hela organisationen. Denna filosofi blir en strategi för att hjälpa företag hantera sina nuvarande och kommande kunder. CRM uppkom först på 90-talet då förståelsen för kundvård startade i kombination med automatisering av försäljningsprocesser och analysering av kunddata. Idag är CRM också ett informationssystem som stödjer organisationens kundvårdsstrategi och som möjliggör dagens arbete med CRM. Det blir en knutpunkt i många organisationer och får en central roll för det dagliga arbetet. Men, precis som med alla informationssystem så kan även CRM bli felande. Studien kommer därför att presenter vilka delar av införandeprocessen som är kritiska och även presentera vilka misstag som bör undvikas vid införandet och det kontinuerliga arbetet med CRM. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och bygger på intervjuer från företag som arbetar med CRM, studien är fallstudie inspirerad.
Customer Relationship Management is an increasingly common tool to manage customer care for companies, it is mainly used to manage customer relationships and store customer information. Customer Relationship Management or CRM is based on a business philosophy that should permeate the entire organization. This philosophy is a strategy to help companies manage their current and future customers. CRM came in the 90s, when the understanding of the customer- care started in combination with the automation of sales processes and analyzing customer data. Today, CRM is also an information system that supports the organization's customer care strategy which enables them to work with CRM. It becomes a hub for many organizations and has a central role in the daily work. But, just like any information system it may also fail. The study will therefore present which parts of the implementation that is critical. The study will also present which mistakes to avoid during the implementation and the continuous work with CRM. This study is qualitative in nature and based on interviews of companies that work with CRM, the study is case study inspired.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Peignot, Joris. "La fabrique des administrations à l'ère numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1101.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail doctoral se propose d'explorer les origines et les conséquences de la transformation des administrations publiques à l'ère numérique. Plus spécifiquement, notre investigation se concentre sur l'émergence des méthodes de management dérivées de l'ingénierie système dans les organisations publiques, à partir d'un cas concret de transformation mené selon ces méthodes
"

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Alkmyr, Pierre, and Erik Karlström. "Att arbeta agilt med icke-agila krav : En studie om den offentliga upphandlingens påverkan på ett agilt IS-projekts kravhantering med den offentliga sektorn som kontext." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157294.

Full text

Abstract:

Sverige har som mål att bli bäst i världen på att nyttja digitaliseringens möjligheter för att skapa effektiv verksamhet i offentlig sektor och en enklare vardag för privatpersoner och företag. År 2017 spenderades 59 miljarder svenska kronor på att digitalisera Sverige med hjälp av externa aktörer. Trots miljardsatsningen är Sveriges utvecklingstakt långsam i jämförelse med flera andra länder i Europa. Svenska myndigheten Riksrevisionen har dessutom identifierat att IT-projekt ofta drar över budget och konstaterar att offentliga verksamheter måste effektivisera sin IT-verksamhet. IT-projekt, inte bara i offentlig sektor, har visat en trend på att dra över budget eller tid och i ett försök att möta denna problematik har den agila filosofin och olika agila projektmodeller vuxit fram. Det agila projektförfarandet har överlag haft en positiv påverkan på IT-projekt och har anammats i en högre utsträckning i den privata sektorn än den offentliga sektorn. Då det läggs flera miljarder på upphandlingar av IT har vi sett det som viktigt att samverkan med extern part fungerar bra och att projekten effektiviseras. Eftersom den agila projektmodellen visat sig ha en positiv påverkan på IT-projekt har denna studie därför undersökt vilka förutsättningar som finns för att driva IT-projekt agilt mot offentlig sektor. Upphandlingsprocessen och hur den påverkar möjligheten att tillämpa en agil projektmodell har fått särskilt mycket uppmärksamhet i vår studie då lagen om offentlig upphandling (SFS 2016:1145) innebär att den kravspecifikation som skrivs av den upphandlande parten blir svårföränderlig. I vår fallstudie har vi undersökt ett implementationsprojekt i en offentlig verksamhet som drivits med en agil ansats av en extern leverantör i privat sektor. Genom att intervjua respondenter på leverantören, som var involverade i projektet, har vi tillämpat ett leverantörsperspektiv i vår undersökning för att kartlägga upplevda utmaningar i projekt mot offentlig verksamhet. Utifrån empirin har vi kommit fram till att upphandlingsförfarandet lett till att det uppstått (1) utmaningar vid ändring kravspecifikation och att bevisa uppfyllelse av krav, (2) kommunikationssvårigheter mellan Kunden och Leverantören gällande krav och (3) upplevd bristande förståelse för kraven av kunden. Vissa organisatoriska karaktärsdrag för offentlig verksamhet har också identifierats som bidragande till kommunikationssvårigheter mellan Kunden och Leverantören gällande krav. Den agila filosofin förespråkar ett nära samarbete med intressenter och förutsätter förändringar av kravspecifikationen genomgående i projektet. Slutsatsen är således att upphandlingsprocessen, i det studerade projektet, har påverkat möjligheterna för att driva IT-projekt agilt.
Sweden has the goal of becoming best in the world of utilizing the possibilities created by digitalization to create an effective public sector and an easier everyday life for individuals and companies. During 2017, Sweden spent roughly 59 billion Swedish crowns on digitalization with help of external actors. Although these billions of Swedish crowns are spent, the country’s development pace is slower than other European countries. The Swedish authority Riksrevisionen has conducted an audit where they have identified that IT-projects often runs over budget and states that the public sector must streamline its use and procurement of IT. IT-projects have shown a trend of budget overruns and not meeting deadlines, not only in the public sector. In an attempt to turn the trend, the agile philosophy and different agile project models was formed. The agile approach has overall had a positive effect on IT-project and has been embraced in the private sector to a larger degree than the public sector. We see cooperation between external supplier and the actor procuring information systems as well as the streamlining of IT-projects as a critical aspect of the Swedish digitalization. Since the agile approach has shown positive effects of IT-projects, this study has aimed to examine what prerequisites are present in the public sector for running projects in accordance of the agile philosophy. The procurement process and how it affects these prerequisites has received a lot of focus since the procurement law (SFS: 2016:1145) in Sweden implicates that the requirement specification, created by the contracting actor, is difficult to change. In our case study, we have examined an implementation project in the public sector, led by an information system supplier in the private sector. We gathered qualitative data by interviewing employees of the supplier, involved in the project, effectively applying a supplier perspective to map perceived challenges in delivering information systems to the public sector. From the qualitative data we concluded that the procurement process has led to (1) difficulties with changing the requirement specification and proving fulfilment of requirements, (2) communication challenges between the customer and the supplier regarding requirements and (3) experienced lack of comprehension of requirements by the customer. Some organizational characteristics for the public sector have also been identified as a possible cause of communication challenges. The agile philosophy advocates close collaboration with stakeholders and expects changes to the requirement specification throughout the project. The conclusion is thus that the procurement process, in the studied project, has affected the prerequisites to run a project with an agile approach in a negative way.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Mohanarajah, Selvarajah. "Designing CBL systems for complex domains using problem transformation and fuzzy logic : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/743.

Full text

Abstract:

Some disciplines are inherently complex and challenging to learn. This research attempts to design an instructional strategy for CBL systems to simplify learning certain complex domains. Firstly, problem transformation, a constructionist instructional technique, is used to promote active learning by encouraging students to construct more complex artefacts based on less complex ones. Scaffolding is used at the initial learning stages to alleviate the difficulty associated with complex transformation processes. The proposed instructional strategy brings various techniques together to enhance the learning experience. A functional prototype is implemented with Object-Z as the exemplar subject. Both objective and subjective evaluations using the prototype indicate that the proposed CBL system has a statistically significant impact on learning a complex domain. CBL systems include Learner models to provide adaptable support tailored to individual learners. Bayesian theory is used in general to manage uncertainty in Learner models. In this research, a fuzzy logic based locally intelligent Learner model is utilized. The fuzzy model is simple to design and implement, and easy to understand and explain, as well as efficient. Bayesian theory is used to complement the fuzzy model. Evaluation shows that the accuracy of the proposed Learner model is statistically significant. Further, opening Learner model reduces uncertainty, and the fuzzy rules are simple and resemble human reasoning processes. Therefore, it is argued that opening a fuzzy Learner model is both easy and effective. Scaffolding requires formative assessments. In this research, a confidence based multiple test marking scheme is proposed as traditional schemes are not suitable for measuring partial knowledge. Subjective evaluation confirms that the proposed schema is effective. Finally, a step-by-step methodology to transform simple UML class diagrams to Object-Z schemas is designed in order to implement problem transformation. This methodology could be extended to implement a semi-automated translation system for UML to Object Models.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Law, Chun Kwan. "Changes in a Chinese interior design firm due to the development and use of a blog-based reflective practitioner knowledge management system inspired by Chinese philosophy: An autoethnographic case study." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/248.

Full text

Abstract:

Dao (Way) The Way that can be experienced is not true; The world that can be constructed is not true. The Way manifests all that happens and may happen; The world represents all that exists and may exist. To experience without intention is to sense the world: To experience with intention is to anticipate the world. These two experiences are indistinguishable; Their construction differs but their effect is the same. Beyond the gate of experience flows the Way'. Which is ever greater and more subtle than/he world. Lao-Tzu, TaoDeChing, tr. Peter A. Merel This thesis is a reflective practitioner autoethnographic account of the way in which a Chinese interior design firm, through inspiration from Chinese philosophy (as exemplied in the beginning quotes), developed and used a reflective practitioner knowledge management system, called kBlogCentral, based around web-based blogs. The objective of setting up kBlogCentral was to build a simple, low cost knowledge management system for managing knowledge regarding various projects among the staff. All members of the firm are encouraged to perform reflective practitioner research and publish their knowledge as part of virtual teams regarding their professional practice. This reflective practitioner study depicts the rationale, process, and implications of building the system especially regarding inspiration from traditional and contemporary Chinese philosophy as this is seen as a culturally appropriate philosophical underpinning. The research outcome, present d throughout the thesis, is a rich description and reflections of employing action reflective practitioner research and a Web technology on the Internet, called Blog to manage knowledge in the interior design company in the light of Chine e thinking. Blog technology is mainly manifested in interactive websites that allow for rich Web based interaction and communication. The research question is: "How did the process of developing an using a Blog-based reflective practitioner knowledge management system, through inspiration from Chinese philosophy, change the professional practice of member of a Chinese interior design firm?" As part of answering this question, I report on my attempts to inspire change in the purpose, behaviour and underlying culture of a Chinese design firm aspiring to transform its management and practice. The major arena for this transformation is the KBlogCentral knowledge management system. The "Dao " (way) to such transformation is the member of the firm employing heuristic elf-reflective action research to 'find it future', with and through its people. In this process I have reported on innovative and, to my mind, valuable discoveries in knowledge elicitation and methods of integrating the views f my colleagues. This doctoral thesis, reporting on my finding of these discoveries, is my contribution to knowledge within the academic information systems, design, and management fields. The research reveals that knowledge, as a social product of human interactions, does not exist outside an agent - human beings. Thus the main role of knowledge management is to support social human interactions instead of just employing information technology to manipulate data, information and explicit knowledge as advocated by the functionalist approach. Knowledge management practices in China are found to be highly influenced by the contemporary interpretations of strands of traditional Chine e philosophy. The existence of a linguistic divide, resulting from some obsolete or misinterpreted doctrines of traditional Chinese philosophy, impedes the processes of creating and sharing knowledge in China. This thesis is a b ginning endeavour to critically examine these obsolete and distorted doctrines as a contribution towards a modem form of Chinese philosophy revitalizing Chinese to meet the challenges of a growing knowledge economy. Thus an undercurrent of heuristic hope runs through this thesis in that, within technology originating from and dominated by the West, this thesis reveals how knowledge management practice in China can be inspired by Chinese philosophy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ozguner, Nimet Pinar. "Cevre Kale: Applications Of Newly Developed Methods, Technology And Data For Understanding The Iron Age City In Yarasli." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607164/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this thesis is to test the validity of applications of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems in Anatolian archaeology. The focus of the study is an Iron Age fortress Ç
evre Kale and its associated structures. During the course of the study, 5 km long outer wall enclosing a territory around Ç
evre Kale documented for the first time by employing high altitude aerial imagery. In addition to the GIS analyses, examination of the geology, land use and soil quality data showed that the outer wall is in a way acting to guard and protect inhabitants of the fortress and, perhaps more importantly, the well-watered pasture surrounding the fortress and demarcated by the enclosure wall. Evaluation of the available archaeological and historical evidence suggested that Ç
evre Kale might be of a site with significant military importance at least in the first half of the 6th century BC. As a result, this thesis is underlying the importance of high and low altitude aerial imagery in terms of documentation, evaluation and monitoring of the archaeological sites as part of the archaeological research

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Di, Netta James Dominick. "The Mechanics and Fixed Operations of Human Experience." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/648.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper will use the natural laws of the universe and amassed evidence to support a dynamic systems theory approach to explain the mechanics and fixed operations of the human experience taking place inside a causally determined universe without the possibility of free will. By reductionary methods, the universe and all its’ contents, including human agents, will be exemplified as complex dynamic systems. In so doing, the human experience is reduced to being comprised of information acting and reacting with other information existing in the universe, specifically ideas. Allowing ideas to take on a physical manifestation shows how the feedback of information directly results in the rise of human consciousness and the sensation of control and volition over actions. Thus, the methods and philosophies used in this paper will set out to rebut metaphysical libertarian views asserting alternative possibilities by way of Rollback Arguments and two other libertarian arguments raised by Alfred R. Mele. This paper aims to provide a description and deeper appreciation for the mechanics and fixed operations of the human experience in a universe where free will is nonexistent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Lee, Hyun Jean. "The screen as boundary object." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28226.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M. S.)--Literature, Communication, and Culture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Mazalek, Ali; Committee Member: Bolter, Jay David; Committee Member: Do, Ellen Yi-Luen; Committee Member: Nitsche, Michael; Committee Member: Winegarden, Claudia R.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Johnston, Christopher Troy. "VERTIPH : a visual environment for real-time image processing on hardware : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Systems Engineering at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1219.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis presents VERTIPH, a visual programming language for the development of image processing algorithms on FPGA hardware. The research began with an examination of the whole design cycle, with a view to identifying requirements for implementing image processing on FPGAs. Based on this analysis, a design process was developed where a selected software algorithm is matched to a hardware architecture tailor made for its implementation. The algorithm and architecture are then transformed into an FPGA suitable design. It was found that in most cases the most efficient mapping for image processing algorithms is to use a streamed processing approach. This constrains how data is presented and requires most existing algorithms to be extensively modified. Therefore, the resultant designs are heavily streamed and pipelined. A visual notation was developed to complement this design process, as both streaming and pipelining can be well represented by data flow visual languages. The notation has three views each of which represents and supports a different part of the design process. An architecture view gives an overview of the design's main blocks and their interconnections. A computational view represents lower-level details by representing each block by a set of computational expressions and low-level controls. This includes a novel visual representation of pipelining that simplifies latency analysis, multiphase design, priming, flushing and stalling, and the detection of sequencing errors. A scheduling view adds a state machine for high-level control of processing blocks. This extended state objects to allow for the priming and flushing of pipelined operations. User evaluations of an implementation of the key parts of this language (the architecture view and the computational view) found that both were generally good visualisations and aided in design (especially the type interface, pipeline and control notations). The user evaluations provided several suggestions for the improvement of the language, and in particular the evaluators would have preferred to use the diagrams as a verification tool for a textual representation rather than as the primary data capture mechanism. A cognitive dimensions analysis showed that the language scores highly for thirteen of the twenty dimensions considered, particularly those related to making details of the design clearer to the developer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Gaskin, James E. "Evolution and Variation of Digitally-enabled Design Routines: An extended event-sequencing approach." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1332172409.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Clear, Tony. "Supporting the work of global virtual teams the role of technology-use mediation : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/650.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigates the role of technology-use mediation in supporting the work of global virtual teams. The work is set in the context of a longer term action research programme into collaborative computing and global virtual teams, initiated by Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand and Uppsala University in Sweden. Over the period since 1998, global virtual collaborations involving teams of students from both universities have been conducted annually. This thesis investigates the 2004 collaboration cycle, in which participants from St Louis University Missouri joined the collaboration. This was the first triadic collaboration, and covered Northern, Southern and Western aspects of the globe while traversing three widely divergent time-zones. In spite of the extensive experience in collaboration possessed by the coordinators at all three sites, the results of the global virtual trial were at best mixed. This repeated experience of dissatisfaction in our global virtual collaborations, in spite of the technology being in place has been a primary motivator for this work. Why is global virtual collaboration difficult? What roles and activities are critical? How can we do it better? These are not issues solely to do with the student actors in the global virtual teams, but more to do with the supporting cast, engaged in “activities which involve the shaping of other users activities of [technology] use” (Orlikowski et al., 1995, p.425). Thus came about my interest in exploring the topic of technology-use mediation. This thesis applies a research framework adapted from DeSanctis & Poole’s “Adaptive Structuration Theory” (1994) by the author. Initially applied to “facilitation” in virtual teams “Extended Adaptive Structuration Theory (EAST)” (Clear, 1999a), has undergone further development. The resulting research framework “Technology-use Mediated AST (TUMAST)” is applied here for the first time to investigate technology-use mediation activities performed during the global virtual collaborative trial. A corpus of data based on the email communications of supporting parties to the collaboration is analysed in depth in this study, applying a combination of grounded theoretic and structurational techniques. Thus a very rich and firmly grounded picture of the processes of technology-use mediation is built. This thesis represents the first known in-depth longitudinal study of technology-use mediation in a real global virtual team setting. From this exploratory study some novel theorizations have resulted. Methodologically it demonstrates analysis of technology-use mediation applying the TUMAST framework in a manner that captures the richness and evolution over time of these complex activities. Substantively it proposes a novel theory of “Collaborative Technology Fit (CTF)”. It is hoped that future global virtual team coordinators and researchers may apply the theory in order to map their situation, and diagnose their degree of collaborative alignment on multiple dimensions, thus enabling corrective actions to be taken. While the work arises in a tertiary education context, it reflects the reality of professionals at work in a global virtual team. Its application within other domains remains to be proven, but readings from the literature, and personal experience within global virtual software development teams suggest its wider applicability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Jackson, Etta Delores. "The Role of Geospatial Information and Effective Partnerships in the Implementation of the International Agenda for Sustainable Development." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1594291234482502.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Funabashi, Masatoshi. "Dynamical System and Information Geometry : A Complementary Approach to Complex Systems." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/55/68/73/PDF/thesis.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

En français : Un des défis majeurs de la science de complexité se situe à l'investigation de l'émergence, où les interactions entre les composants microscopiques d'un système produisent la propriété globale, et réciproquement, la dynamique globale influence le bas niveau. Cette thèse a comme ambition de 1) élucider le mécanisme sous-jacent des systèmes complexes par la modélisation concrète des systèmes réels, et aussi 2) comparer entre les différents modèles proposés pour détecter la condition universelle de l'émergence. Pour cela, nous développons la nouvelle méthodologie basé sur l'interaction entre la théorie de système dynamique et la géométrie informationnelle, afin d'avoir la dialectique entre la modélisation constructive/déterministe et l'analyse des interactions sous la formalisation stochastique. La thèse se compose de 7 Parties, parmi lesquelles la Partie 2 à 6 correspondent au premier objectif, et la Partie 7 au seconde. Dans la Partie 1, nous allons réviser l'histoire de la science de la complexité et proposer la stratégie dialectique entre les méthodologies constructive et interactions-analytique, basé sur la théorie de système dynamique et la géométrie informationnelle. En Partie 2, nous traitons un modèle de réseau neuronal avec le comportement chaotique nommé ``l'itinérance chaotique" comme un candidat de la dynamique du cortex cérébral, et analysons l'effet de l'apprentissage autonome sans superviseur comme une source de créativité qui est la propriété émergente du système neuronal. La théorie de la mesure intérieure est étendue afin de interpréter l'émergence des nouveaux attracteurs par ``le chaos comme le catalyseur d'apprentissage. " En Partie 3, nous avons appliqué la dynamique du réseau neuronal chaotique aux robots qui manifestent la dynamique de recherche collective de manière émergente, au défi de la détection optimale des informations sporadiques. L'efficacité de la recherche collective est évaluée avec un simulateur virtuel. En Partie 4, nous développons les nouvelles mesures de la complexité du point de vue de la géométrie informationnelle, et analysons les données des réseaux sociaux. Les mesures de la complexité jouera un rôle principal dans la Partie 7. En Partie 5, nous appliquons la stratégie dialectique entre le système dynamique et la géométrie informationnelle vers la compréhension de la morphogenèse lors de l'embryogenèse chez le poisson zèbre. Quelques propositions théoriques sont établies et testées avec les données tentatives dérivées des projets européens Embryomics et BioEMERGENCES. En Partie 6, nous analysons les systèmes complexes liés au linguistique. Nous avons découvert les nouveaux invariants et la composition géométrique entre les voyelles japonaises, qui sont les propriétés émergentes au niveau du système. Nous développons aussi la modélisation écologique de l'environnement multilingue dans un contexte de la dialectique entre la théorie linguistique et la modélisation mathématique. En Partie 7, nous révisons les résultats obtenus dans les Parties précédentes sous une perspective comparative, en vue de détecter la structure universelle de l'émergence comme l'organisation des interactions qui ne dépende pas explicitement sur la propriété des composants. Surtout la comparaison entre les Parties 2 et 4, ainsi 5 et 6, nous indique la typologie et la stratégie de détection de la dynamique de l'émergence comme la relation et le contraint entre les foncteurs et méta-foncteurs. D'autre possibilité d'application de la stratégie établie est mise en discussion
En anglais : Recently emerging complex systems sciences tackle the systems where complex in- teractions between components lead to the manifestation of emergent property linking different levels of organization. This thesis aims to reveal the mechanism of emergent property in complex systems, both in concrete modeling as well as comparative analysis between different systems. We tackle various sub jects in complex systems science with newly proposed unified theoretical framework, based on the dialectic between dynam- ical system theory and information geometry. The thesis has therefore two levels of ob jectives: 1) Modeling and understanding of concrete complex systems with the use of constructive and interaction-analytical methodologies, and 2) comparison between different complex systems to characterize universal structure of emergence. The thesis consists of 7 Parts, in which Part 2 to 6 correspond to the first ob jective, and the Part 7 to the second one: In Part 1, we review the historical context of complex systems science and propose a dialectical strategy between the constructive and interaction-analytical methodology, based on the dynamical system theory and information geometry, respectively. In Part 2, we treat a candidate model of brain cortex dynamics known as “chaotic itinerancy”, and incorporate the effect of autonomous learning seeking for the creativity of intelligence as emergent property of neural system. The interpretation of emergence in terms of the internal measurement theory is extended to derive the concept of “chaotic itinerancy as catalyst of learning”. In Part 3, the dynamics of chaotic neural network is applied to emergent collective behavior of robots, so that to realize optimal intermittent search of sporadic informa- tion. The effectiveness of the collective infotaxis is analyzed on a simulator basis. In Part 4, we define novel complexity measures from information geometrical point of view and apply to the analysis of social network data. The established complexity measures play a key role in comparative analysis between different systems in Part 7. In Part 5, we apply the dialectical strategy between dynamical system and infor- mation geometry toward the understanding of morphogenesis during zebrafish embryo- genesis. Theoretical propositions are tested with tentative experimental data from two european pro jects, Embryomics and BioEMERGENCES. In Part 6, complex systems related to linguistics are investigated. We discovered novel invariants and geometrical relation between japanese vowels, as a system-level emergent property. Ecological modeling approach to multilingual environment is also proposed along the dialectical strategy between linguistic theory and mathematical modeling. In Part 7, we review the obtained results in previous Parts with comparative per- spective, seeking for a characterization of universal structure of emergence in terms of the organization of interactions that does not explicitly depend on the property of components. Comparison between Part 2 and 4, as well as 5 and 6, derived candi- date qualitative dynamics of emergence and its detection strategy as the dynamics and constraint between functors and meta-functors. Further possibility of the proposed strategy is discussed

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rabie, Osama Bassam J. "Developing a Cyberterrorism Policy: Incorporating Individual Values." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5549.

Full text

Abstract:

Preventing cyberterrorism is becoming a necessity for individuals, organizations, and governments. However, current policies focus on technical and managerial aspects without asking for experts and non-experts values and preferences for preventing cyberterrorism. This study employs value focused thinking and public value forum to bare strategic measures and alternatives for complex policy decisions for preventing cyberterrorism. The strategic measures and alternatives are per socio-technical process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Bates, Anthony Shawn. "The Trilogy of Science: Filling the Knowledge Management Gap with Knowledge Science and Theory." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3977.

Full text

Abstract:

The international knowledge management field has different ways of investigating, developing, believing, and studying knowledge management. Knowledge management (KM) is distinguished deductively by know-how, and its intangible nature establishes different approaches to KM concepts, practices, and developments. Exploratory research and theoretical principles have formed functional intelligences from 1896 to 2013, leading to a knowledge management knowledge science (KMKS) concept that derived a grounded theory of knowledge activity (KAT). This study addressed the impact of knowledge production problems on KM practice. The purpose of this qualitative meta-analysis study was to fit KM practice within the framework of knowledge science (KS) study. Themed questions and research variables focused on field mechanisms, operative functions, principle theory, and relationships of KMKS. The action research used by American practitioners has not established a formal structure for KS. The meta-data-analysis examined 385 transdisciplinary peer-reviewed articles using social science, service science, and systems science databases, with a selection of interdisciplinary studies that had a practice-research-theory framework. Key attributes utilizing Boolean limiters, words, phrases and publication dates, along with triangulation, language analysis and coding through analytic software identified commonalities of the data under study. Findings reflect that KM has not become a theoretically saturated field. KS as the forensic science of KM creates a paradigm shift, causes social change that averts rapid shifts in management direction and uncertainty, and connects KM philosophy and science of knowledge. These findings have social change implications by informing the work of managers and academics to generate a methodical applied science.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Rozenberg, Sebastian. "Concepts of Digital Objects : Digital Records and the Relational Objects of Yuk Hui." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39348.

Full text

Abstract:

The writings of Yuk Hui, bringing together technical and philosophical insights, provides new theory for the digital, something desired by many in archival research. The aim of this study is to assess the use of Hui’s theories on digital objects and web ontologies as a unifying theory for archival studies, looking at the concept of digital records in particular. Two types of ontology are needed in order to understand digital objects according to Hui: (1) ontologies which relates to the technical language and hierarchies of knowledge representation, like metadata; (2) Ontology, which is the question of Being in the tradition of Heidegger’s phenomenology, the understanding of what it is to be in the world. Both of these ontologies are needed to account for the nature of the digital object. Further, digital objects are produced and constituted through their relations, which can be divided into discursive (technical and logical) and existential (the understanding of being in the world) relations. Digital objects must be approached both as technical formal entities, and as beings in the world. The first register is common, the second – more existential approach – is rarely applied. Using a metatheoretical and hermeneutic method, different conceptions of digital records are discussed, in order to find commonalities and possibilities in relation to Hui’s theory. The digital record as: a process of becoming, information as affordance, context, temporality and evidence are all related to and structured through the application of Hui’s perspective. The thesis ends with the contribution of a possible redefinition of digital records: A digital record is constituted and concretised as material by discursive and existential relations, that taken together function as a persistent representation. Further, Hui’s digital object theory is suggested as a structuring and unifying theory. In relation to digital records Hui’s theory on digital objects can function as a metatheoretical measure, and a method of critical reading.
Yuk Hui för samman tekniska och filosofiska perspektiv och erbjuder ny teori för det digitala, något som ofta efterfrågas inom arkivvetenskapen. Syftet med denna studie är att applicera Huis teori om digitala objekt och webontologier som en förenande teori för arkivstudier, specifikt i förhållandet till konceptet digitala records. Två typer av ontologi behövs för att förstå digitala objekt enligt Hui: (1) ontologier som relaterar till tekniskt språk och hierarkiska kunskapsrepresentationer, så som metadata; (2) Ontologi som frågan om varat i fenomenologen Martin Heideggers bemärkelse; förståelsen av vad det är att vara i världen. Båda dessa ontologier behövs för att redogöra för det digitala objektets natur. Vidare produceras och konstitueras digitala objekt genom sina relationer, som kan delas upp i diskursiva (tekniska och logiska) och existentiella (förståelsen av att vara i världen) relationer. Digitala objekt måste förstås både som tekniska formella entiteter och som varelser i världen. Det första perspektivet är vanligt förekommande medan det andra – mer existentiella förhållningssättet – sällan tillämpas. Med hjälp av en metateoretisk och hermeneutisk metod diskuteras olika föreställningar om digitala records för att hitta likheter och möjligheter i relation till Huis teori. Digitala records som: en process av tillblivande, information som affordance, kontext, temporalitet och bevis är koncept som relateras och struktureras genom tillämpningen av Huis perspektiv. Uppsatsen bidrar med en möjlig omdefinition av digitala records: Ett digitalt record konstitueras och konkretiseras som materiellt genom diskursiva och existentiella relationer vilka, tillsammans, fungerar som en ihållande representation. Vidare framhålls Huis teori för digitala objekt som en strukturerande och förenande teori. I relation till digitala records kan Huis teori om digitala objekt fungera som ett metatoretiskt mått och en metod för kritisk läsning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ponto, Jessica J. "Speech is a Mouth, Text is a Body." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218076653.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Khan, Muhammad Sikandar Lal. "Presence through actions : theories, concepts, and implementations." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138280.

Full text

Abstract:

During face-to-face meetings, humans use multimodal information, including verbal information, visual information, body language, facial expressions, and other non-verbal gestures. In contrast, during computer-mediated-communication (CMC), humans rely either on mono-modal information such as text-only, voice-only, or video-only or on bi-modal information by using audiovisual modalities such as video teleconferencing. Psychologically, the difference between the two lies in the level of the subjective experience of presence, where people perceive a reduced feeling of presence in the case of CMC. Despite the current advancements in CMC, it is still far from face-to-face communication, especially in terms of the experience of presence. This thesis aims to introduce new concepts, theories, and technologies for presence design where the core is actions for creating presence. Thus, the contribution of the thesis can be divided into a technical contribution and a knowledge contribution. Technically, this thesis details novel technologies for improving presence experience during mediated communication (video teleconferencing). The proposed technologies include action robots (including a telepresence mechatronic robot (TEBoT) and a face robot), embodied control techniques (head orientation modeling and virtual reality headset based collaboration), and face reconstruction/retrieval algorithms. The introduced technologies enable action possibilities and embodied interactions that improve the presence experience between the distantly located participants. The novel setups were put into real experimental scenarios, and the well-known social, spatial, and gaze related problems were analyzed. The developed technologies and the results of the experiments led to the knowledge contribution of this thesis. In terms of knowledge contribution, this thesis presents a more general theoretical conceptual framework for mediated communication technologies. This conceptual framework can guide telepresence researchers toward the development of appropriate technologies for mediated communication applications. Furthermore, this thesis also presents a novel strong concept – presence through actions - that brings in philosophical understandings for developing presence- related technologies. The strong concept - presence through actions is an intermediate-level knowledge that proposes a new way of creating and developing future 'presence artifacts'. Presence- through actions is an action-oriented phenomenological approach to presence that differs from traditional immersive presence approaches that are based (implicitly) on rationalist, internalist views.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Brown, Emilie Sayward. "Bounded Surface." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1331.

Full text

Abstract:

The relationship between surface, perception, and structure has occupied my graduate studies. Locating, transforming, and transcending the surface requires play with perceptive abilities not only of vision, but of touch, hearing, and the other senses as well. How do the interactions of sense with the qualities of a surface determine our perception of the world? What role does the extension of the senses play in one's ability to perceive surface and structure? Using sense information gleaned from surfaces, the tectonics of our world are made visible. Might this relationship be played backwards as well? Composed structures produce surfaces upon which limina can be sensed.This written accompaniment to the thesis works is intended to continue the exploration of the surface/ sense/ structure relationship. With the visual work as a basis, each section consists of two parts. This structure is a tool for producing sense information for the viewer concerning the visual work.The first part serves as a bridge between the particular visual work and the second part. Consisting of a page or so of text, the first part of each section is also intended to set a tone or position the reader for the second part. The second part is more formal and speaks about the ideas behind the produced object, and for the most part could be applied to any works in this thesis. My desire is that the adjacency of the pieces in each section will create a friction of sorts an awareness of the surface between the two writings, and perhaps, between the writing and the objects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Vial, Stéphane. "La structure de la révolution numérique : philosophie de la technologie." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776032.

Full text

Abstract:

De quoi la révolution numérique est-elle la révolution ? Le premier niveau d'analyse s'inscrit sur le plan de l'histoire. Il vise à dégager la structure historique de la révolution numérique, en délimitant d'abord son périmètre diachronique et en dégageant sa place particulière au sein de l'histoire générale des techniques. L'hypothèse, c'est que la révolution numérique n'est pas un changement d'outillage mais un événement d'histoire, qui s'inscrit dans le long processus de la machinisation de l'Occident et de la succession des systèmes techniques pour aboutir à l'émergence d'un nouveau " système technique " : la révolution numérique, c'est la révolution de notre infrastructure technique systémique, c'est-à-dire l'avènement du " système technique numérique ". Dans cette partie, nous privilégions le terrain historique et les données empiriques qu'il fournit, au nom d'une philosophie de la technologie fermement opposée à toute métaphysique misotechnique. Le second niveau d'analyse s'inscrit sur le plan de la perception. Au-delà de la seule révolution numérique, il vise à dégager la structure phénoménologique de toute révolution technique, en remontant aux conditions techniques de toute perception en général. L'hypothèse, c'est qu'une révolution technique est toujours une révolution ontophanique, c'est-à-dire un ébranlement du processus par lequel l'être (ontos) nous apparaît (phaïnô) et, par suite, un bouleversement de l'idée même que nous nous faisons de la réalité. Nous nous appuyons ici sur la notion de " phénoménotechnique " empruntée à Gaston Bachelard, qui nous conduit à défendre un constructivisme phénoménologique selon lequel toute technique est une matrice ontophanique, dans laquelle se coule notre expérience-du-monde possible. Comme les précédentes, la révolution numérique apparaît alors comme une révolution de nos structures perceptives, dont la violence phénoménologique permet au passage d'expliquer le succès et le déclin de la notion de virtuel. De cette dernière, nous proposons une généalogie critique et nous montrons qu'elle n'a été jusqu'ici qu'une tentative ratée d'élucider la phénoménalité numérique, en raison de la rêverie de l'irréel qu'elle induit. Le troisième niveau d'analyse s'inscrit sur le plan de la phénoménalité numérique enfin abordée dans sa positivité. Il vise à saisir la structure ontophanique de la révolution numérique, c'est-à-dire la nature de l'être des êtres numériques. L'hypothèse, c'est que l'ontophanie numérique résulte de onze caractéristiques phénoménologiques propres à la matière calculée, qui sont présentées dans un ordre didactique favorisant la compréhension globale du phénomène numérique. Il s'agit de la nouménalité, l'idéalité, l'interactivité, la virtualité, la versatilité, la réticularité, la reproductibilité instantanée, la réversibilité, la destructibilité, la fluidité et la ludogénéité. Nous terminons alors en analysant la responsabilité des activités de conception-création dans la genèse phénoménotechnique du réel et en particulier le rôle du design dans la constitution créative de l'ontophanie numérique. En tant qu'activité phénoménotechnique, le design est non seulement une activité créatrice d'ontophanie, mais encore une activité intentionnellement factitive, c'est-à-dire qui vise à faire-être autant qu'à faire-faire, en vue de projeter l'enchantement du monde. C'est pourquoi le design numérique, parce qu'il a la capacité d'engendrer de nouveaux régimes d'expériences interactives, joue un rôle essentiel dans le modelage de la révolution numérique. La révolution numérique, c'est aussi quelque chose qui se sculpte et se façonne, se coule et se moule dans les projets des designers. C'est une révolution de notre capacité à faire le monde, c'est-à-dire à créer de l'être.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kolbe, Elizabeth Leigh. "Visualizing and Quantifying a Normative Scenario for Agriculture in Northeast Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366553296.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Joubert, Carel W. T. "Sensing and organising : an interpretation of the thought of Karel E. Weick." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50447.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus in this thesis is on sensemaking in organisations and the aim was to offer an interpretation of the thought of Karl E. Weick. The interpretation subsequently consists of a description and discussion of concepts, underlying theories and paradigmatic perspectives that are integrated into and deployed in Weick's sensemaking framework. After a description and definition of sensemaking terms and concepts, it is argued that a process cosmology forms the ground theory in Weick's sensemaking framework. In order to elucidate this interpretation, the organic model of the world of Bergson and Whitehead is introduced. Special attention is given to pragmatism's underlying process ontology and themes which social consructionism, symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology share in common with pragmatism. The aim is to show how these perspectives and themes are taken up in Weick's sensemaking in organisations and organisational theory. A failure to make sense is both consequential and existential. This aspect of Weick's thought is discussed in the context of Bergson's process cosmology. It is followed by a description and discussion of Weick's use of systems theory with special attention given to Weick's concept of 'enactment' . How and why does an organisation becomes what it becomes? This question is addressed in the context of a description and discussion of complexity theory. A core concept in both complexity theory and Weick's thought is self-organisation. The aim is to show how sense making appears on systems level. Finally, this thesis attempts to addresses the question of the relationship between organisation and organising and how both terms is to be understood in terms of Weick's ontological view of the world. This aim is to show that Weick's understanding of "the" organisation (noun) can be conceived of as an abstraction and organisation (verb - 'organising') in terms of relating and as process in becoming and how he thereby gives social construction an ontological twist. The conclusion reached is that, in the type of world Weick describes, it makes sense to make sense.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis fokus op 'sensemaking' in organisasies - om die dubbelsinnige, onduidelike en onverwagse meer duidelik, begryplik and redelik te maak vir persone om te weet wat besig is om te gebeur en gepaste aksies te neem. Die doel was derhalwe 'n interpretasie van die denke van Karl E. Weick. Die interpretasie omvat gevolglik 'n beskrywing en bespreking van konsepte, teorieë en paradigmatiese perspektiewe wat Weick in sy sensemaking raamwerk integreer en ontplooi. Ná 'n definiëring en beskrywing van terme en konsepte word geargumenteer dat 'n proses beskouing van die werklikheid Weick se sensemaking raamwerk onderlê. Hierdie interpretasie word toegelig met 'n bespreking en beskrywing van die organiese model van Bergson en Whitehead, sowel as die proses ontologie onderliggend aan pragmatisme. Gevolglik kom pragmatisme, sosiale konstruksionisme, simboliese interaksionisme en etnometodologie aan die orde. Verskeie temas word beskryf en bespreek in die konteks van sensemaking en organisasie-teorie. 'n Mislukking in sensemaking het newe gevolge en is dit ook eksistensieël van aard. Hierdie aspek van Weick se denke word beskryf en bespreek in die konteks van Bergson se proses kosmologie en word die interpretasie opgevolg met 'n bespreking van sisteem-teorie. Hoe en waarom verander organisasies wanneer hulle verander? Die antwoord op hierdie vraag kom aan die orde in die konteks van 'n bespreking van kompleksiteits-teorie. 'n Kern konsep in beide Weick se sensemaking en kompleksiteits-teorie is self-organisasie. 'n Baie belangrike doel is om aan te dui hoe sensemaking voorkom en plaasvind op sisteem-vlak. Ten slotte poog die tesis om die verband tussen organisasie en organisering in Weick se denke meer verstaanbaar te maak. Die argument hier is dat Weick se verstaan van "die" organisasie (selfstandige naamwoord) as 'n abstraksie en organisasie (werkwoord) in terme van relasies en proses in wording geïnterpreteer kan word, en Weick sodoende 'n ontologiese kinkel in die verstaan van sosiale konstruksionisme teweeg bring. Die slotsom tot waartoe in hierdie studie gekom word is dat, in die wêreld wat Weick beskryf, maak dit 'sense' om 'sense' te maak.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Haile, Yohannes. "Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management: Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Joel, Viklund. "Explaining the output of a black box model and a white box model: an illustrative comparison." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-420889.

Full text

Abstract:

The thesis investigates how one should determine the appropriate transparency of an information processing system from a receiver perspective. Research in the past has suggested that the model should be maximally transparent for what is labeled as ”high stake decisions”. Instead of motivating the choice of a model’s transparency on the non-rigorous criterion that the model contributes to a high stake decision, this thesis explores an alternative method. The suggested method involves that one should let the transparency depend on how well an explanation of the model’s output satisfies the purpose of an explanation. As a result, we do not have to bother if it is a high stake decision, we should instead make sure the model is sufficiently transparent to provide an explanation that satisfies the expressed purpose of an explanation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Никитин, П. В., and P. V. Nikitin. "История русской философии в информационной среде : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/95073.

Full text

Abstract:

Тема магистерской диссертации – «История русской философии в информационной среде», в рамках которой было проведено исследование с использованием количественного метода сбора данных в информационной среде интернет-ресурсов. Цель исследования – выяснить популярность истории русской философии среди пользователей Интернета. Исследование состоит из двух частей, первая часть включает в себя теоретическое описание информационной среды. Вторая часть состоит из данных, собранных с интернет-ресурсов, и их интерпретации. Используя аналитические интернет-сервисы: «https://be1.ru/» и «https://www.liveinternet.ru/», мы проанализировали 5 популярных интернет-ресурсов: «https://ilibrary.ru/», «http://Lib.ru», «https://filosof.historic.ru», «https://arzamas.academy/» и «https://platona.net/», используя количественный метод, мы получили результаты, которые показывают, что история русской философии является популярным и востребованным предметом среди пользователей Интернета. Данное исследование уникально тем, что впервые мы получим ответ на вопрос, насколько история русской философии востребована современными пользователями Интернета.
The subject of the master's thesis is «history of Russian philosophy in the information environment», in within the was conducted research using a quantitative method of data collection in the information environment of Internet resources. The purpose of the research is to find out the popularity of the history of Russian philosophy among Internet users. The study consists of two parts, the first part includes a theoretical description of the information environment. The second part consists of data collected from Internet resources and their interpretation. By using analytical Internet services: «https://be1.ru/» and «https://www.liveinternet.ru/», we analyzed 5 popular Internet resources: «https://ilibrary.ru/», «http://Lib.ru», «https://filosof.historic.ru», https://arzamas.academy/» and «https://platona.net/», using the quantitative method, we obtained results that show that the history of Russian philosophy is a popular and popular subject among Internet users. The research is unique because for the first time we will get an answer to the question of how much the history of Russian philosophy is in demand by modern Internet users.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Jonsson, Kerstin. "Systemmetaforik : Språk och metafor som verktyg i systemarkitektens praktik." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24251.

Full text

Abstract:

En systemarkitekts praktik består till stor del av att tolka, beskriva och strukturera verksamhetsprocesser och -information som underlag för förändrings- och utvecklingsarbete, oftast med stöd av it-system. Professionen betraktas traditionellt som en teknisk ingenjörskonst. Men de problem jag ställs inför som arkitekt handlar inte enbart om att designa tekniska system och kommunikation mellan maskiner, utan minst lika ofta om att hantera utmaningar relaterade till mellanmänsklig kommunikation i komplexa situationer. Vad händer om vi fokuserar på denna andra del av arkitektens praktiska kunskap? Denna magister- uppsats handlar om språkets och kommunikationens roll i kontexten av ett systemutvecklingsprojekt. Författaren använder sig av metaforer i en gestaltande skönlitterär kontext som kreativ metod för att visualisera och förmedla olika aspekter på systemarkitektens yrkesroll och praktik. På så vis utnyttjar uppsatsen den mer experimentella form som essän erbjuder för att även utforska sina egna uttrycksmöjligheter. Essäns teoretiska material baserar sig på den språkfilosofiska tradition som utvecklats av Ludwig Wittgenstein och Gilbert Ryle. Utifrån dessa båda tänkares verk förs ett resonemang runt språkets och den kontextuella förståelsens betydelse för systemarkitektens praktiska kunskap. Essän väver även in tankegångar från Thomas Kuhn, Peter Naur och Donald Schön i syfte att utforska just metaforens, improvisationens och den kreativa kommunikationens roll som verktyg i systemarkitektens praktik.
The system architect ́s practice is mainly about interpreting, describing and structuring the processes and information of an enterprise in order to create a foundation for change and development, often supported by IT systems. The profession is traditionally regarded as an art of technical engineering. But the problems I face as architect is not exclusively about designing technical systems and communication between machines, but just as much about handling challenges related to inter-subjective communi- cation between human beings in situations of complex interaction. What happens if we focus on this second aspect of the practical knowledge of the architect? This essay is about the role of language and communication in the context of a system development project. The author uses metaphors in fictional context as a creative method to visualize and mediate different aspects on the architect ́s professional role and practice. In that sense the text utilizes the more experimental form offered by the essay in order to explore its own expressive possibilities. The theoretical material of this essay is based on the language philosophical tradition developed by Ludwig Wittgenstein and Gilbert Ryle. Starting out from these two thinkers, the author reasons around the importance language and contextual understanding has for the practical knowledge of the system architect. Further on the essay weaves in thoughts from Thomas Kuhn, Peter Naur and Donald Schön with the purpose of exploring the role of the metaphor, improvisation and creative communication as tools in the practice of the system architect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Blake, Greyory. "Good Game." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5377.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis and its corresponding art installation, Lessons from Ziggy, attempts to deconstruct the variables prevalent within several complex systems, analyze their transformations, and propose a methodology for reasserting the soap box within the display pedestal. In this text, there are several key and specific examples of the transformation of various signifiers (i.e. media-bred fear’s transformation into a political tactic of surveillance, contemporary freneticism’s transformation into complacency, and community’s transformation into nationalism as a state weapon). In this essay, all of these concepts are contextualized within the exponential growth of new technologies. That is to say, all of these semiotic developments must be framed within the post-Internet sphere.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Atlan, Henri. "Spinoza et la biologie actuelle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H232.

Full text

Abstract:

Les avancées de la biologie contemporaine, posent de façon nouvelle des problèmes philosophiques anciens. Ceux des rapports entre le vivant et l'inanimé, entre le corps et l'esprit, l'erreur et la vérité, sont les plus évidents. La philosophie de Spinoza, bien que datant du 17e siècle, apporte à ces problèmes des solutions plus pertinentes que la plupart des philosophies plus récentes, développées dans les siècles qui l'ont suivie. En retour, les acquis actuels des sciences physiques et biologiques, notamment des neurosciences cognitives, permettent de porter un nouveau regard sur certaines notions propres à la philosophie de Spinoza, telles que sa «petite physique», la nature cause de soi, la notion de matière, l'essence des choses, les genres de connaissance, qui acquièrent de ce fait un surcroît d'actualité
Old philosophical problems are raised in renewed ways by advances in biology of today. Most obvious are the problems of relationship between living and non-living, mind and body, error en truth. Spinoza's philosophy, although from 17th century, offers solutions to these problems more relevant than most more recent philosophies. In return, present knowledge from physical and biological sciences, especially cognitive neurosciences, can provide a new look at some specifically Spinozist notions such as his "little physics", Nature as cause of itself, the notion of matter, the essence of a thing, kinds of knowledge, which gain all the more interest from a present day point of view

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Arduin, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Vers une métrique de la commensurabilité des schémas d'interprétation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933996.

Full text

Abstract:

La connaissance, parce qu'elle est le résultat de l'interprétation par un individu d'une information, ne peut pas toujours être manipulée comme un objet. C'est en filtrant au travers de nos schémas d'interprétation les informations qui nous parviennent que nous créons des connaissances. La commensurabilité des schémas d'interprétation est un concept abstrait se basant sur une règle assez floue : plus il est probable que la même information prenne le même sens pour plusieurs individus, plus leurs schémas d'interprétation sont commensurables ; moins il est probable que la même information prenne le même sens pour plusieurs individus, moins leurs schémas d'interprétation sont commensurables. L'objet de cette thèse est de proposer des approches pour déterminer dans quelle mesure deux individus donnent le même sens à la même information.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Kraemer, Daniel Mark. "Making Sense of Normative Functions and Information in Neurobiological Systems." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5554.

Full text

Abstract:

In this thesis, I take up two important issues for understanding neurobiological systems: normative functions and information. After introducing the topic and my methodology in chapters 1 and 2, chapter 3 contains an extended critique of the most prominent theory of biological functions, the selected-effects theory of functions. My arguments center on the influential recent selected-effects theory arguing that it has trouble accounting for certain cases and does not seem to capture the sense of malfunction employed in the neurosciences. Chapter 4 defends an alternative theory of normative biological functions that I label the statistical fitness theory. Roughly, this theory holds that tokens of a trait type have the normative function to do something y if it is typical for tokens of that type of trait to y and their doing y contributes to the inclusive fitness of the organism that possesses the trait. In turn, this theory defines malfunctioning trait tokens as those whose effects that typically make positive contributions to fitness fall below the "normal" range in the population. Chapter 5 argues that several other recently popular theories of normative functions have significant flaws.

Chapter 6 takes up the issue of a certain kind of information, namely natural, propositional information. I provide a general framework that explains when signals carry this kind of information about their signifieds based upon stable, perfect correlations holding between the two. Hence, I label this the "stable correlation theory". I also argue that there are good reasons to think that neurons in our brains carry natural, propositional information and that their ability to do so is also grounded in stable correlations.

Dissertation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Albertyn, Erina Francina. "e-Process selection using decision making methods : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1662.

Full text

Abstract:

The key objective of this research is to develop a selection methodology that can be used to support and aid the selection of development processes for e-Commerce Information Systems (eCIS) effectively using various decision methods. The selection methodology supports developers in their choice of an e-Commerce Information System Development Process (e-Process) by providing them with a few different decision making methods for choosing between defined e-Processes using a set of quality aspects to compare and evaluate the different options. The methodology also provides historical data of previous selections that can be used to further support their specific choice. The research was initiated by the fast growing Information Technology environment, where e-Commerce Information Systems is a relatively new development area and developers of these systems may be using new development methods and have difficulty deciding on the best suited process to use when developing new eCIS. These developers also need documentary support for their choices and this research helps them with these decision-making processes. The e-Process Selection Methodology allows for the comparison of existing development processes as well as the comparison of processes as defined by the developers. Four different decision making methods, the Value-Benefit Method (Weighted Scoring), the Analytical Hierarchy Process, Case-Based Reasoning and a Social Choice method are used to solve the problem of selecting among e-Commerce Development Methodologies. The Value-Benefit Method, when applied to the selection of an e-Process from a set of e-Processes, uses multiple quality aspects. Values are assigned to each aspect for each of the e-Processes by experts. The importance of each of the aspects, to the eCIS, is defined in terms of weights. The selected e-Process is the one with the highest score when the values and weights are multiplied and then summed. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to quantify a selection of quality aspects and then these are used to evaluate alternative e-Processes and thus determining the best matching solution to the problem. This process provides for the ranking and determining of the relative worth of each of the quality aspects. Case-Based Reasoning requires the capturing of the resulting knowledge of previous cases, in a knowledge base, in order to make a decision. The case database is built in such a way that the concrete factual knowledge of previous individual cases that were solved previously is stored and can be used in the decision process. Case-based reasoning is used to determine the best choices. This allows the user to either use the selection methodology or the case base database to resolve their problems or both. Social Choice Methods are based on voting processes. Individuals vote for their preferences from a set of e-Processes. The results are aggregated to obtain a final result that indicates which e-Process is the preferred one. The e-Process Selection Methodology is demonstrated and validated by the development of a prototype tool. This tool can be used to select the most suitable solution for a case at hand. The thesis includes the factors that motivated the research and the process that was followed. The e-Process Selection Methodology is summarised as well as the strengths and weaknesses discussed. The contribution to knowledge is explained and future developments are proposed. To conclude, the lessons learnt and reinforced are considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ma, Hui. "Distribution design for complex value databases : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems at Massey University." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/747.

Full text

Abstract:

Distribution design for databases usually addresses the problems of fragmentation, allocation and replication. However, the main purposes of distribution are to improve performance and to increase system reliability. The former aspect is particularly relevant in cases where the desire to distribute data originates from the distributed nature of an organization with many data needs only arising locally, i.e., some data are retrieved and processed at only one or at most very few locations. Therefore, query optimization should be treated as an intrinsic part of distribution design. Due to the interdependencies between fragmentation, allocation and distributed query optimization it is not efficient to study each of the problems in isolation to get overall optimal distribution design. However, the combined problem of fragmentation, allocation and distributed query optimization is NP-hard, and thus requires heuristics to generate efficient solutions. In this thesis the foundations of fragmentation and allocation in databases on query processing are investigated using a query cost model. The considered databases are defined on complex value data models, which capture complex value, object-oriented and XML-based databases. The emphasis on complex value databases enables a large variety of schema fragmentation, while at the same time it imposes restrictions on the way schemata can be fragmented. It is shown that the allocation of locations to the nodes of an optimized query tree is only marginally affected by the allocation of fragments. This implies that optimization of query processing and optimization of fragment allocation are largely orthogonal to each other, leading to several scenarios for fragment allocation. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that optimized queries are given with subqueries having selection and projection operations applied to leaves. With this assumption some heuristic procedures can be developed to find an “optimal” fragmentation and allocation. In particular, cost-based algorithms for primary horizontal and derived horizontal fragmentation, vertical fragmentation are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mathrani, Sanjay. "A transformational model to understand the impact of enterprise systems for business benefits : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Technology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1368.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the years many organizations have implemented an enterprise system (ES), also called enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, to streamline the flow of information and improve organizational effectiveness to produce business benefits which justify the ES investment. The effectiveness of these systems to achieve benefits is an area being proactively researched by both professionals and academia. However, most of these studies focus on ‘what ESs do’ rather than ‘how ESs do it’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how organizations derive benefits from utilization of an ES and its data. This study utilizes a transformational model of how ES data are transformed into knowledge and results to evaluate the impact of ES information on organizational functions and processes and how this can lead to business benefits. The linkage between expected outcomes, utilization of ES data in decision-making processes, and realized or unrealized benefits provides the reason for this study. Findings reveal that the key benefits commercial firms seek from an ES include improving information flow and visibility, integration and automation of functions, cost reductions by reducing inventory, and achieving process efficiencies for both internal and external operations. The various tools and methods businesses use for transforming ES data into knowledge include the use of data warehouses and business intelligence modules that assist in extraction and manipulation of data, and reporting on particular data objects. Web portals are actively utilized to collaborate between stakeholders and access real-time information. Business tools such as KPI reporting, balanced scorecards and dashboards are used to track progress towards realizing benefits and establishing analytical decision making. Findings emphasize that benefit realization from an ES implementation is a holistic process that not only includes the essential data and technology factors, but also includes other factors such as business strategy deployment, people and process management, and skills and competency development. Findings reveal that business organizations generally lack in producing value assessments that often lead to weak business cases and insufficient benefit models which cannot be used for benefit tracking. However, these organizations are now realizing that it is not enough to put in an ES and expect an automatic improvement. Organizations are now establishing analytical and knowledge-leveraging processes to optimize and realize business value from their ES investment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zhao, Jane Qiong. "Formal design of data warehouse and OLAP systems : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/718.

Full text

Abstract:

A data warehouse is a single data store, where data from multiple data sources is integrated for online business analytical processing (OLAP) of an entire organisation. The rationale being single and integrated is to ensure a consistent view of the organisational business performance independent from different angels of business perspectives. Due to its wide coverage of subjects, data warehouse design is a highly complex, lengthy and error-prone process. Furthermore, the business analytical tasks change over time, which results in changes in the requirements for the OLAP systems. Thus, data warehouse and OLAP systems are rather dynamic and the design process is continuous. In this thesis, we propose a method that is integrated, formal and application-tailored to overcome the complexity problem, deal with the system dynamics, improve the quality of the system and the chance of success. Our method comprises three important parts: the general ASMs method with types, the application tailored design framework for data warehouse and OLAP, and the schema integration method with a set of provably correct refinement rules. By using the ASM method, we are able to model both data and operations in a uniform conceptual framework, which enables us to design an integrated approach for data warehouse and OLAP design. The freedom given by the ASM method allows us to model the system at an abstract level that is easy to understand for both users and designers. More specifically, the language allows us to use the terms from the user domain not biased by the terms used in computer systems. The pseudo-code like transition rules, which gives the simplest form of operational semantics in ASMs, give the closeness to programming languages for designers to understand. Furthermore, these rules are rooted in mathematics to assist in improving the quality of the system design. By extending the ASMs with types, the modelling language is tailored for data warehouse with the terms that are well developed for data-intensive applications, which makes it easy to model the schema evolution as refinements in the dynamic data warehouse design. By providing the application-tailored design framework, we break down the design complexity by business processes (also called subjects in data warehousing) and design concerns. By designing the data warehouse by subjects, our method resembles Kimball's "bottom-up" approach. However, with the schema integration method, our method resolves the stovepipe issue of the approach. By building up a data warehouse iteratively in an integrated framework, our method not only results in an integrated data warehouse, but also resolves the issues of complexity and delayed ROI (Return On Investment) in Inmon's "top-down" approach. By dealing with the user change requests in the same way as new subjects, and modelling data and operations explicitly in a three-tier architecture, namely the data sources, the data warehouse and the OLAP (online Analytical Processing), our method facilitates dynamic design with system integrity. By introducing a notion of refinement specific to schema evolution, namely schema refinement, for capturing the notion of schema dominance in schema integration, we are able to build a set of correctness-proven refinement rules. By providing the set of refinement rules, we simplify the designers's work in correctness design verification. Nevertheless, we do not aim for a complete set due to the fact that there are many different ways for schema integration, and neither a prescribed way of integration to allow designer favored design. Furthermore, given its °exibility in the process, our method can be extended for new emerging design issues easily.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lin, Tai-Yu. "Cognitive trait model for adaptive learning environments : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information System [i.e. Systems], Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1451.

Full text

Abstract:

Among student modelling researches, domain-independent student models have usually been a rarity. They are valued because of reusability and economy. The demand on domain-independent student models is further increased by the need to stay competitive in the so-called knowledge economy nowadays and the widespread practice of lifelong learning. On the other hand, the popularity of student-oriented pedagogy triggers the need to provide cognitive support in virtual learning environments which in turn requires student models that create cognitive profiles of students. This study offers an innovative student modelling approach called cognitive trait model (CTM) to address both the needs mentioned above. CTM is a domain-independent and persistent student model that goes beyond traditional concept of student model. It is capable of taking the role of a learning companion who knows about the cognitive traits of the student and can supply this information when the student first starts using a new learning system. The behaviour of the students in the learning systems can then be used to update CTM. Three cognitive traits are included in the CTM in this study, they are working memory capacity, inductive reasoning ability and divergent associative learning. For the three cognitive traits, their domain-independence and persistence are studied and defined, their characteristics are examined, and behaviour patterns that can be used to indicate them are extracted. In this study, a learning system is developed to gather behaviour data of students. Several web-based psychometric tools are also developed to gather the psychometric data about the three cognitive traits of students. In the evaluations, Cognitive trait modelling is then applied on the behaviour data and the results are compared with the psychometric data. The findings prove the effectiveness of CTM and reveal important insights about the three cognitive traits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

(9822485), Chiranjivi Neupane. "Key determinants influencing stakeholders' trust towards their intention to adopt smart city services in Australian regional cities." Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Key_determinants_influencing_stakeholders_trust_towards_their_intention_to_adopt_smart_city_services_in_Australian_regional_cities/13410671.

Full text

Abstract:

This research developed a theoretical model to identify determinants influencing stakeholders’ trust towards their intention to adopt smart city services in regional Australian cities. Survey data were collected from ICT professionals working in regional Queensland cities in order to test the theoretical model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Information systems philosophy'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles