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Khudair, Ahmad A. "Health sciences libraries : information services and ICTs." Thesis, City University London, 2005. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11881/.
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In Saudi Arabia the need is recognised significantly to move towards the concept of an Information Society, particularly for the benefit of the healthcare community. There have been some individual efforts, in this direction but they do not address the problem and related root issues. The problem is that the body and soul are not joined as one to formulate a single entity. The health professional is the body and the soul is the health information professional (health librarians). Health professionals spend a great deal of time in information searching, while the health information professional's role is underestimated. This research is conducted to explore the state of health sciences libraries, and to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the Information Services and Information, Communication Technology (ICT) in health sciences libraries in the capital city of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. To accomplish this, a mixed method is used (qualitative and quantitative approaches) to collect related data. A framework is designed particularly for this research and a visionary organisational model is designed initially and developed throughout the research. This proposed model is to introduce a potentially possible successful paradigm for changing the health sciences libraries environment to encounter future challenges. In addition, for this research will contribute to the better understanding of how to provide fast, efficient and easy-to-use service to increase user satisfaction. Changing the paradigm of health sciences libraries in Riyadh will facilitate better access, sharing and use of information resources from distant geographical locations, and increase participation opportunities. In addition, the proposed model considers the human and social needs of communication, and the exchange of feelings and reactions. Importantly, successful change will help healthcare environments to move towards the establishment of a flourishing health information society by popularising the use of electronic resources and demonstrating the benefits and advantages of continuous learning and development programmes. It is clear that access to fast. accurate and reliable health information and resources, may be, the difference between life and death.
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Cheney, David W. "Information technology, science, and public policy." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2959.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 17, 2008). Thesis director: Don E. Kash Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Vita: p. 330. Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-329). Also available in print.
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Houston, Andrea Lynn 1954. "Knowledge integration for medical informatics: An experiment on a cancer information system." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288868.
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This research investigated the question of whether automatic or system-generated information classification methods can help humans better manage information. A series of four experiments were conducted; they investigated the usability (i.e., usefulness) of two automatic approaches to information classification, the concept space approach and a Kohonen-based SOM approach in the context of information retrieval. The concept space approach was evaluated in three different domains: Electronic Brainstorming (EBS) sessions, the Internet, and medical literature (the CancerLit collection). The Kohonen-based SOM approach was evaluated in the Internet and medical literature (CancerLit) domains only. In each case, the approach under investigation was compared with existing systems in order to demonstrate performance viability. The basic premise that information management, in particular information retrieval, can be successfully supported by system-based information classification techniques and that humans would find such techniques viable and useful was supported by the experiments. The concept space approach was more successful than the Kohonen-based SOM approach. After modifications to the algorithms based on user feedback from the EBS experiments had been made, users found the concept space approach results to be comparable (in the Internet study) or superior (in the CancerLit study) to existing information classification systems. The key future enhancement will be incorporation of better ways to identify document descriptors through syntactic and semantic front-end processing. The Kohonen-based SOM approach was considered difficult to use in all but one specialized case (the dynamic SOM created as part of the CancerLit prototype). This can probably be attributed to the fact that its associative organization does not match with the standard mental models (hierarchical and alphabetic) for information classification.
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Shrestha, Tej Bahadur. "Heterocycles for life-sciences applications and information storage." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13540.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Chemistry
Stefan H. Bossmann
The photochromic spirodihydroindolizine/betaine (DHI/B) system has been reinvestigated applying picosecond, microsecond, stationary absorption measurements, and NMR-kinetics. The first surprise was that the electronic structure of the betaines is quite different than commonly assumed. The photochemical ring-opening of DHIs to betaines is a conrotatory 1,5 electrocyclic reaction, as picosecond absorption spectroscopy confirms. The (disrotatory) thermal ring-closing occurs from the cisoid betaine. The lifetime of the transoid betaine is 60 s at 300 K, whereas the lifetime of the cisoid isomer is of the order of 250 microseconds. According to these results, the electrocyclic back reaction of the betaines to the DHI is NOT rate determining, as previously thought, but the cisoid-transoid-isomerization of the betaine. Although the presence of a second nitrogen atom increases the photostability of the spirodihydroindolizine-pyridazine/betaine-system remarkably, the photochemical reaction mechanism appears to be exactly the same for spirodihydroindolizine-pyridazine/betaine-system. A nondestructive photoswitch or an information recording systems has been explored using styryl-quinolyldihydroindolizines. Both isomers DHI and betaine are fluorescent. When the blue betaine is stabilized in a thin polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix, it is stable for several hours even in room temperature and very stable at 77K. Although irradiation of visible light = 532 nm allows the photo-induced reaction of the Betaine back to the DHI, a nondestructive read-out can be performed at λ = 645 nm upon excitation with λ = 580 nm. Image recording (write) and read-out, as well as information storage (at 77K) have been demonstrated. Charged and maleimide-functionalized DHI/B systems have beed synthesized for use as photochemical gates of the mycobacterial channel porin MspA. Positively charged and maleimide functionalized DHI groups that were attached to the DHI/B-system permit the binding of the photoswitch to selective positions in the channel proteins due to the presence of a cysteine moiety. An inexpensive new method for the large scale synthesis of coelenterazine is developed. A modified Negishi coupling reaction is used to make pyrazine intermediates from aminopyrazine as an economical starting material. This method permits the use of up to 1g coelenterazine per kg body weight and day, which turns the renilla transfected stem cells into powerful light sources.
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Layouni, Mohamed. "Privacy-preserving personal information management." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86764.
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The spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has transformed the way we deliver services, and has made them in general more efficient and more accessible to users. With these improvements however came new challenges. The extensive use of electronic services in our daily life, and the massive gathering of transactional data have led to serious privacy violations.In this thesis we provide techniques to enhance users' privacy, and to give them greater control over their data. We propose a protocol allowing users to authorize access to their remotely-stored records, according to a self-chosen privacy policy, and without the storage server learning the access pattern to their records, or the index of the queried records. This prevents the storage server from linking the identity of the party retrieving a record to that of the record owner. In many applications, the association between the identity of the record retriever and that of the record owner represents sensitive information, and needs to be kept private. The proposed protocol is called Accredited Symmetrically Private Information Retrieval (ASPIR), and uses Brands's Anonymous Credentials [Bra00] and a Symmetrically Private Information Retrieval (SPIR) scheme by Lipmaa [Lip05], as building blocks.
Next, we extend the above ASPIR protocol to a setting where the stored records belong to multiple owners simultaneously. The new protocol, called Multi-Authorizer ASPIR, allows the owners of a record to authorize access to their data according to a self-chosen privacy policy, without the storage server learning the access pattern to their record. We present constructions for settings where the retrieving party has to provide authorizations either from all the owners of the target record, or from a subset of them of size greater that a certain threshold. We also consider the case of a General Access Structure, where the retrieval is allowed only if authorizations from certain pre-defined subsets of the owners are provided. The Multi-authorizer ASPIR protocol is more efficient than ASPIR, and can be built with any SPIR primitive.
Finally, we dedicate the last part of the thesis to applying privacy preserving techniques to a real world problem. In particular, we consider the area of e-health, and provide a privacy-preserving protocol for handling prescriptions in the Belgian healthcare system.
La prolifération des services électroniques a eu des retombées positives sur nos sociétés. Les technologies de l'information ont révolutionné divers domaines clé de notre vie, notamment les services gouvernementaux, les affaires, la santé, les transports, les communications et l'éducation. Souvent, le passage au numérique, a rendu les services plus accessibles, plus rapides, plus faciles à utiliser et socialement plus inclusifs. Cependant, avec ces améliorations sont apparus aussi de nouveaux problèmes. En effet, l'utilisation des services électroniques au quotidien, et la collecte massives de données transactionnelles sur les utilisateurs, ont conduit à l'établissement de ce qu'on appelle communément les "dossiers électroniques". Un dossier électronique est une compilation de données personnelles récoltées lorsqu'un individu effectue des transactions électroniques ou reçoit des services. Ces dossiers sont de plus en plus utilisés par le gouvernement et les corporations pour prendre des décisions importantes sur les individus, sans que ces derniers ne soient capables d'y participer.
Cette thèse présente des techniques pour protéger davantage la vie privée des citoyens et leur donner plus de contrôle sur leurs données. On propose, entre autres, un protocole pour permettre à des utilisateurs d'autoriser l'accès à leurs données, sauvegardées sur un serveur distant, sans que celui-ci n'apprenne d'informations sur la fréquence et la distribution des accès, ou même sur l'indice des données récupérées. Ceci empêche le serveur d'établir des liens entre l'identité d'un propriétaire de données, et celle de l'agent qui a demandé l'accès à ses données. On peut penser à une multitude de scénarios où la divulgation de l'existence d'un tel lien est non souhaitable. Le protocole qu'on propose est nommé ASPIR de l'Anglais (Accredited Symmetrically Private Information Retrieval), et utilise les systèmes de certification de Brands [Bra00], ainsi que le système SPIR de Lipmaa [Lip05].
Dans un deuxième temps, on généralise le protocole ASPIR initial à un environnement où les entrées appartiennent à plusieurs parties. Le nouveau protocole, nommé Multi-Authorizer ASPIR, permet aux propriétaires d'autoriser l'accès à leurs données selon une politique qu'ils ont eux même choisie, et sans que le serveur n'apprenne des informations sur la fréquence et la distribution des accès. On présente des constructions pour des scénarios où le demandeur de données doit fournir une autorisation de la part de tous les (respectivement une partie des) propriétaires. Le protocole, Multi-authorizer ASPIR, est plus performant, et peut être implanté avec n'importe quel système SPIR.
Enfin, la dernière partie de la thèse est dédiée à l'application des techniques de protection de la vie privée à un exemple concret de la vie courante. L'exemple qu'on traite appartient au domaine de la santé. On présente alors un protocole pour gérer les ordonnances médicales, qui est compatible avec le système de santé Belge. Le protocole proposé préserve la vie privée des patients et des médecins.
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Bianco, Joseph. "Web Information System(WIS): Information Delivery Through Web Browsers." NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/412.
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The Web Information System (WIS) is a new type of Web browser capable of retrieving and displaying the physical attributes (retrieval time, age, size) of a digital document. In addition, the WIS can display the status of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) links using an interface that is easy to use and interpret. The WIS also has the ability to dynamically update HTML links, thereby informing the user regarding the status of the information.
The first generation of World Web browsers allowed for the retrieval and rendering of HTML documents for reading and printing. These browsers also provided basic management of HTML links, which are used to point to often-used information. Unfortunately, HTML links are static in nature -- other than a locator for information, an HTML link provides no other useful data. Because of the elusive characteristics of electronic information, document availability, document size (page length), and absolute age of the information can only be assessed after retrieval.
WIS addresses the shortcomings of the Web by using a different approach to delivering digital information within a Web browser. By attributing the physical parameters of printed documentation such as retrieval time, age, and size to digital information, the WIS makes using online information easier and more productive than the current method.
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Sayad-Rahim, Azin. "Motif discovery algorithms incorporating nucleosome positioning information." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86682.
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Transcription factor binding sites are essential components of the machinery that controls gene expression. In the absence of experimental data, computational approaches are used to predict binding sites based on promoter DNA sequence. However transcription factor binding depends not just on sequence but also the packaging of the DNA molecule. Nucleosomes, as the smallest unit of DNA packaging, affect transcription factor binding by obstructing protein-DNA interactions.We use an empirically-derived relationship between binding sites and nucleosome positioning to augment an existing computational approach to predicting transcription factor binding sites. We demonstrate that the inclusion of experimentally-derived nucleosome positioning data improves the prediction capabilities of the basic computational approach using a large dataset of experimentally confirmed transcription factor binding sites.
Les sites de liaison de facteurs de transcription sont des composants essentiels du méchanisme de contrôle de l'expression génique. En l'absence de données expérimentales, les approches informatiques sont utilisées pour prédire les sites de liaison basée sur la séquence d'ADN promoteur. Toutefois la liaison de facteurs de transcription dépend non seulement de la séquence mais également de l'emballage biologique de la molécule d'ADN. Les nucléosomes, en tant qu'unité d'emballage de base de l'ADN, ont un effet marqué sur le positionnement des sites de liaison de facteurs de transcription.
Nous dérivons une relation empirique entre les sites de liaison et le positionnement des nucléosomes pour améliorer un algorithme de prédiction de sites de liaison. Nous démontrons que l'inclusion de données de positionnement de nucléosome améliore la performance de l'algorithme de base en utilisant un ensemble de données de sites de liaison confirmé expérimentalement.
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Savov, Ivan. "Network information theory for classical-quantum channels." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110349.
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Network information theory is the study of communication problems involving multiple senders, multiple receivers and intermediate relay stations. The purpose of this thesis is to extend the main ideas of classical network information theory to the study of classical-quantum channels. We prove coding theorems for the following communication problems: quantum multiple access channels, quantum interference channels, quantum broadcast channels and quantum relay channels. A quantum model for a communication channel describes more accurately the channel's ability to transmit information. By using physically faithful models for the channel outputs and the detection procedure, we obtain better communication rates than would be possible using a classical strategy. In this thesis, we are interested in the transmission of classical information, so we restrict our attention to the study of classical-quantum channels. These are channels with classical inputs and quantum outputs, and so the coding theorems we present will use classical encoding and quantum decoding.We study the asymptotic regime where many copies of the channel are used in parallel, and the uses are assumed to be independent. In this context, we can exploit information-theoretic techniques to calculate the maximum rates for error-free communication for any channel, given the statistics of the noise on that channel. These theoretical bounds can be used as a benchmark to evaluate the rates achieved by practical communication protocols. Most of the results in this thesis consider classical-quantum channels with finite dimensional output systems, which are analogous to classical discrete memoryless channels. In the last chapter, we will show some applications of our results to a practical optical communication scenario, in which the information is encoded in continuous quantum degrees of freedom, which are analogous to classical channels with Gaussian noise.La théorie de l'information multipartite étudie les problèmes de communication avec plusieurs émetteurs, plusieurs récepteurs et des stations relais. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étendre les idées centrales de la théorie de l'information classique à l'étude des canaux quantiques. Nous allons nous intéresser aux scénarios de communication suivants: les canaux quantiques à accès multiples, les canaux quantiques à interférence, les canaux quantiques de diffusion et les canaux quantiques à relais. Dans chacun des ces scénarios de communication, nous caractérisons les taux de communication réalisables pour l'envoi d'information classique sur ces canaux quantiques. La modélisation quantique des canaux de communication est importante car elle fournit une représentation plus précise de la capacité du canal à transmettre l'information. En utilisant des modèles physiquement réalistes pour les sorties du canal et la procédure de détection, nous obtenons de meilleurs taux de communication que ceux obtenus dans un modèle classique. En effet, l'utilisation de mesures quantiques collectives sur l'ensemble des systèmes physiques en sortie du canal permet une meilleure extraction d'information que des mesures indépendantes sur chaque sous-système. Nous avons choisi d'étudier les canaux à entrée classique et sortie quantique qui constituent une abstraction utile pour l'étude de canaux quantiques généraux où l'encodage est restreint au domaine classique.Nous étudions le régime asymptotique où de nombreuses copies de du canal sont utilisées en parallèle, et les utilisations sont indépendantes. Dans ce contexte, il est possible de caractériser les limites absolues sur la transmission d'information d'un canal, si on connait les statistiques du bruit sur ce canal. Ces résultats théoriques peuvent être utilisées comme un point de repère pour évaluer la performance des protocoles de communication pratiques. Nous considérons surtout les canaux où les sorties sont des systèmes quantiques de dimension finie, analogues aux canaux classiques discrets. Le dernier chapitre présente des applications pratiques de nos résultats à la communication optique, où systèmes physiques auront des degrés de liberté continus. Ce contexte est analogue aux canaux classiques avec bruit gaussien.
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Ophir, Adi. "Functional dependency detection: an information theoretic algorithm." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32553.
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There are many statistical measures of correlation, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient for real random variables, the chi-square statistic for discrete random variables, and mutual information. Most such measures are symmetric and do not allow detection of influence direction. We propose a novel information theory measure whose value indicates direction of functional dependency. The measure calculation algorithm is performed on real-valued data being quantized into bins. This quantization is a corner stone of the algorithm suggested, as it affects both the statistical significance between the variables being tested for dependency and the numeric strength of dependency.Il existe de nombreuses mesures statistiques de corrélation, tels que le Pearson coefficient de corrélation des variables aléatoires, le chi-carré pour les variables aléatoires discrètes et, finalement, l'information mutuelle. La plupart de ces mesures sont symétriques et ne pas permettre la détection d'influence. Nous proposons une nouvelle mesure de l'information-théorique dont la valeur indique la direction de le dépendence fonctionnelle. La mesure algorithme de calcul est effectué sur la valeur réelle de données quantifiées en bacs. Cette quantification est une fondation de l'algorithme proposé, car elle informe à la fois la signification statistique entre les variables et la force de la dépendance.
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Robbin, Alice. "SIPP ACCESS, an information system for complex data: A case study in creating a collaboratory for the social sciences." MCB University Press, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105764.
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The "collaboratory" concept has recently entered the vernacular of the scientific community to reflect new modes of scientific communication, cooperation and collaboration made possible by information technology. The collaborator represents a scientific research center "without walls" for accessing and sharing data, information, instrumentation and computational resources. The principal applications of the collaboratory concept have been in the physical and biological sciences, including space physics, oceanography and molecular biology. Discusses the attributes of the collaboratory, and applies the concept developed by computer and physical scientists to the design and operation of the SIPP ACCESS prototype information system for complex data to be used through the Internet by sociologists, demographers and economists. Examines obstacles to collaborator development for the social sciences. Concludes that four major obstacles will inhibit the development of collaboratories in the social sciences.
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Tonsaker, Tabitha. "Caregivers and web-based health information: An exploratory qualitative study of information seeking, information use, and perspectives." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119768.
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Background: With Canada's aging population, increasing prevalence of chronic disease, and overburdened healthcare systems, there is a growing pressure on family caregivers to manage the care of their family members or friends. The demands of caregiving, however, can be challenging and may result in caregiver distress and an inability for caregivers to continue in their role. To help address this issue, interventions that are developed to support caregivers may contribute to greater confidence, capacity and satisfaction with their role, as well as better outcomes for their care recipient. The Internet is one area that now plays a significant role in information delivery and support services. Offering web-based support to caregivers may assist this population to provide quality care and remain in good health. In particular, online information based upon personal health and illness experiences (PHEx) could be particularly helpful for those populations, such as caregivers, that are isolated and lack support services. In order to provide optimal support and services to caregivers through web-based initiatives, a better understanding for how caregivers search for and use online health information is needed. Furthermore, it will be valuable to explore caregivers' perspectives towards online PHEx information, as this may be an especially appealing and valuable means of information delivery for this population. Methods: Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 16 people to explore how caregivers retrieve and use health information on the Internet, as well as their perspectives towards the structure, design, and content of an online PHEx website. Results: 1) In terms of how caregivers retrieve and use online health information, three broad themes were identified: searching for and choosing online health information; empowerment through use of online health information; and concerns with health information on the Internet. 2) In terms of caregivers' perspectives towards the structure, design, and content of a PHEx website, two broad themes were identified: factors important for first impressions of a PHEx website; and perceived needs and expectations for the content presented on a PHEx website. Conclusions: Caregivers offered key insights regarding online health information retrieval, usage, and other perspectives, which will be helpful for future web-based initiatives that aim to provide support to caregivers. Two conceptual frameworks are proposed related to: 1) health information website retrieval and usage, and 2) features important for a PHEx website on caregiving.Contexte: Avec la population du Canada qui vieillit, une augmentation du taux de maladies chroniques, et un système de santé surchargé, une pression se développe sur les aidants naturels pour prendre en charge les soins de leurs proches. Ces demandes peuvent être difficiles, résultant en un accumulation de stress pour les aidants et les empêchant de continuer dans leur rôle. Cependant, il existe des preuves qui suggèrent que les interventions qui supportent les aidants peuvent contribuer à augmenter leur confiance, leur capacité de travailler, leur satisfaction dans leur rôle, ainsi que de meilleurs résultats pour les proches qui bénéficient de leurs soins. De nos jours, Internet joue un rôle important dans l'acquisition d'information et dans les services de support. Il est possible que de rendre ces supports disponibles aux aidants naturels peut aider ces derniers à fournir des soins de qualité tout en restant en bonne santé. En particulier, l'information basée sur la santé personnelle et l'expérience des maladies (SPEx) est devenue particulièrement intéressante pour le public, et pourrait être utile pour les populations qui sont isolées et qui manquent de services de support, tels que les aidants naturels. Afin de fournir de meilleurs services et plus de support aux aidants naturels avec des initiatives basées sur Internet, nous devons développer une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont les aidants naturels recherchent et utilisent l'information qui se trouve sur Internet. De plus, il est utile d'explorer le point de vue des aidants naturels par rapport à l'information SPEx sur Internet, car cela peut être un moyen utile de recueillir de l'information pour eux. Méthodes: Trois groupes, avec un total de 16 participants chacun, ont été formé pour explorer de quelle façon les aidants naturels recherchent et utilisent l'information sur la santé trouvée sur l'Internet, ainsi que leurs opinions par rapport à la structure, à la disposition, et au contenu d'un site web SPEx. Résultats: 1) Trois grands thèmes ont été identifiés en relation à la façon dont les aidants naturels récupèrent et utilisent l'information sur la santé trouvée sur Internet: la recherche et le choix d'informations sur la santé; l'autonomisation grâce à l'utilisation de cette information, et les préoccupations en lien avec l'information sur la santé trouvée sur Internet. 2) Concernant les opinions des aidants naturels par rapport à la structure, la conception et le contenu d'un site web SPEx, deux grands thèmes ont été identifiés: les facteurs qui influencent les premières impressions d'un site web SPEx, et les besoins et attentes envers le contenu présenté sur un site web SPEx. Conclusions: Les aidants naturels ont fourni des renseignements importants concernant la recherche et l'utilisation d'information à propos de la santé trouvée sur Internet, ainsi que des perspectives qui seront utiles pour le dévelopement d'initiatives visant à offrir du support aux aidants naturels sur Internet. Deux suggestions sont proposées en rapport avec: 1) la recherche et l'usage de l'information a propos de la santé trouvée sur un site web; et 2) les charactéristiques importantes d'un site web sur les soins SPEx.
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Madsen, Kent. "Olika polisintervjuer, olika mängd information och olika typer av information." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Behavioural Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4910.
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Denna studie observerade 30 inspelade polisintervjuer och undersökte om informationsmängden och informationstypen som brottsoffer och misstänkta lämnade under en polisintervju påverkades av intervjustilen. Underliggande variabler som konstituerar humanitet respektive dominans, respekt respektive ångest undersöktes. Oberoende t-test visade att brottsoffer i jämförelse med misstänkta dels lämnade signifikant mer total mängd information, dels signifikant mer mängd information av typerna när, hur, tid och varför. En tvåvägs Anova visade en signifikant huvudeffekt för mängden genererad information vid en undersökning av två av de underliggande variabler som konstituerar respekt: Den hörde berättar spontant & flödigt om händelsen, tillmötesgående & samarbetsvillig; Den hörde uttrycker sorg med eventuell gråt men berättar/svarar flödigt på frågor. En hög förekomst av respektive variabel genererade mer information jämfört med en låg förekomst.
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Silva, Jarbas dos Santos. "Essays on decision sciences: exploring cognition, information processing, and complexity." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7801.
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This thesis provides three original contributions to the field of Decision Sciences. The first contribution explores the field of heuristics and biases. New variations of the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT--a test to measure 'the ability or disposition to resist reporting the response that first comes to mind'), are provided. The original CRT (S. Frederick [2005] Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 19:4, pp.24-42) has items in which the response is immediate--and erroneous. It is shown that by merely varying the numerical parameters of the problems, large deviations in response are found. Not only the final results are affected by the proposed variations, but so is processing fluency. It seems that numbers' magnitudes serve as a cue to activate system-2 type reasoning. The second contribution explores Managerial Algorithmics Theory (M. Moldoveanu [2009] Strategic Management Journal, v. 30, pp. 737-763); an ambitious research program that states that managers display cognitive choices with a 'preference towards solving problems of low computational complexity'. An empirical test of this hypothesis is conducted, with results showing that this premise is not supported. A number of problems are designed with the intent of testing the predictions from managerial algorithmics against the predictions of cognitive psychology. The results demonstrate (once again) that framing effects profoundly affect choice, and (an original insight) that managers are unable to distinguish computational complexity problem classes. The third contribution explores a new approach to a computationally complex problem in marketing: the shelf space allocation problem (M-H Yang [2001] European Journal of Operational Research, v. 131, pp.107--118). A new representation for a genetic algorithm is developed, and computational experiments demonstrate its feasibility as a practical solution method. These studies lie at the interface of psychology and economics (with bounded rationality and the heuristics and biases programme), psychology, strategy, and computational complexity, and heuristics for computationally hard problems in management science.
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Alvarez, Elma L. "Semantic geographic information system." FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1262.
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This thesis research describes the design and implementation of a Semantic Geographic Information System (GIS) and the creation of its spatial database. The database schema is designed and created, and all textual and spatial data are loaded into the database with the help of the Semantic DBMS's Binary Database Interface currently being developed at the FIU's High Performance Database Research Center (HPDRC). A friendly graphical user interface is created together with the other main system's areas: displaying process, data animation, and data retrieval. All these components are tightly integrated to form a novel and practical semantic GIS that has facilitated the interpretation, manipulation, analysis, and display of spatial data like: Ocean Temperature, Ozone(TOMS), and simulated SeaWiFS data. At the same time, this system has played a major role in the testing process of the HPDRC's high performance and efficient parallel Semantic DBMS.
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Mancuso, Vincent M. "Fighter Pilot Ground-Based Information Acquisition: A Conceptual Model for Information Systems Design." NSUWorks, 1993. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/696.
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The primary purpose of this dissertation was to develop a conceptual model for information systems design based on a qualitative analysis of the fighter pilot's environment. The model was derived from the fighter pilot's conceptions and perceptions of his informational environment. The resultant model and the corresponding environmental specification can serve as the conceptual cornerstones for further development by providing the designers a common conceptual focal point for further information system design. The model used for overall information systems design was the Rolland & Cauvet development model. This model identifies two independent development domains: requirements engineering and design engineering.
This dissertation represents the requirements engineering work. The approach selected in developing the requirements engineering aspect was Checkland's Soft Systems approach. Checkland's approach was suited to this project due to its model building orientation and its ability to handle the complexity and flexibility dictated by real-world human activity.
The cognitive model, recommendations, hypotheses, and conclusions serve as an important step toward development of the fighter pilot's ground-based information system. There had been very little research, however, that addressed the cognitive structure and processes pilots use to develop memory frames necessary for airborne situational awareness. The goal of this project was to develop the first stage of a process leading to an inquiry system that will be used to augment the pilot's inquiry and conceptual structure building to capture the inherent complexity of this multidimensional environment, the researcher observed fighter pilots in their natural environment utilizing the multiple-site case study methodology supplemented by other qualitative data sources. The researcher utilized these data to develop the conceptual model. In addition, findings were derived, recommendations were generated and hypotheses were extracted using the Checkland model as a guide. The Glaser and Struass Constant Comparative Method was used for data analysis. The researcher identified the information environment as having two distinctly different components: structure and process. Seven versions of the model were presented in this iterative development effort. The dissertation is concluded with a series of recommendations, implications and conclusions that serve as the link between the conceptual model and the future work on the information system that will be completed by design engineers.
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Petrosyan, Gayane. "Discovering information relevant to API elements using text classification." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121537.
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With the growing size of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), both API usability and API learning become more challenging. API learning resources are often crucial for helping developers learn an API, but they are distributed across different documents, which makes finding the necessary information more challenging. This work focuses on discovering relevant sections of tutorials for a given API type. We approach this problem by identifying API types in an API tutorial, dividing the tutorial into small fragments and classifying them based on linguistic and structural features. The system we developed can ease information discovery for the developers who need information about a particular API type. Experiments conducted on five tutorials show that our approach is able to discover sections relevant to an API type with 0.79 average precision, 0.73 average recall, and 0.75 average F1 measure when trained and tested on the same tutorial. When trained on four tutorials and tested on a fifth tutorial the average precision is 0.84, average recall is 0.62, and the F1 measure is 0.71.Avec la taille grandissante des interfaces de programmation (API), l'aptitude àl'utilisation ainsi que la facilité d'apprentissage deviennent des préoccupations de premier ordre. La disponibilité de ressources d'apprentissage des API est de grande importance pour parvenir à developer efficacement à partir de différentes sources de documentation. Ce mémoire est consacré au problème de découverte automatique de sections pertinentes contenues dans les tutoriels des API. Nous traitons ce problème en commençant par l'identification du type d'API d'un tutoriel pour ensuite le diviser en fragments qui seront classés d'après leurs propriétés structurelles et linguistiques. Le système que nous avons développé rend le processus de découverte de sections de tutoriel beaucoup plus facile. Une évaluation de notre système a été réalisée avec cinq tutoriels et montre que notre approche peut découvrir des sections pertinentes avec une précision moyenne de 0.79, 0.73 en moyenne de rappel, et 0.75 de mesure moyenne F1 lorsque entraîné ettesté pour le même tutoriel. Lorsqu'entraîné depuis quatre tutoriels et testé dans avec le cinquième, nous obtenons 0.84 de précision moyenne, 0.62 de moyenne de rappel, et finalement 0.71 de mesure F1
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Grenby, Matthew Richard 1971. "Glom : information agglomerates-- an organic representation for quantitative information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61535.
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Klingler, Scott Lavell. "What makes a quality Ph.D. program in library and information sciences?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5499/.
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The intent of this study was to establish and validate criteria for use to assess the quality of a library and information sciences (LIS) Ph.D. program. The Ph.D. student-centric topology for quality Ph.D. programs was developed from a 2001 position statement by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) regarding the quality indicators in research-focused doctoral programs in nursing. Topology components were tested using a survey instrument to establish their importance to the community of practice and their potential use to assess a Ph.D. program. Survey participants were asked to rank terms or concepts in a balanced incomplete block (BIB) design then rate, on a Likert-type scale, statements about the applicability of these terms or concepts to assessing a quality LIS Ph.D. program. Survey participants were from the Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) Open Lib/Info Sci Education Forum jESSE Listserv. Of 225 survey participants affiliated with universities or schools from North America who submitted usable surveys, slightly less than two-thirds (64.4 %) were female while 35.5 % were male. Ninety-eight participants (43.6 %) were faculty, 114 (50.7 %) were Ph.D. students or candidates, and 13 (5.8 %) were in other roles. Statistical analysis of survey responses showed consistent results between the different demographic groups. The topology was validated by the results of the statistical analysis of the research data. Every component of the topology was acknowledged as very important to assess the quality of a LIS Ph.D. program. Faculty was the highest ranked item in the BIB analysis with a statistically significant difference (p < .0001) in the mean rank order from the next highest ranked item, Ph.D. students. The rank order from the BIB analysis was as follows: faculty, Ph.D. students, programs (courses) of study, teaching, learning environment, resources, and evaluation. Faculty was also the highest rated item in the Likert-type statement analysis.
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Chan, Ip Miu-kwan Rose. "The information structure in Hong Kong Form III integrated science and social studies textbooks." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626378.
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Messerli, Patricia Kay 1954. "Information seeking styles and sources of information used by women with breast cancer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277859.
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This secondary analysis of data collected in the Self-Help Intervention Project (Braden, Mishel, Longman & Burns, 1990) was undertaken to describe relationships of information seeking styles and sources of information used by women with breast cancer. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, using frequencies and percentages for the demographic data. Correlation statistics were used to answer the research questions. A moderate statistical relationship (.6165, p =.001) was found to exist between the variable of marital status and the American Cancer Society as a source of information. Other data reflected low statistical correlations. Results indicate the need for more research on this topic with larger samples to discover if relationships may be strengthened.
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Dail, Mathias. "Clustering unstructured life sciences experiments with unsupervised machine learning : Natural language processing for unstructured life sciences texts." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-265549.
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The purpose of this master’s thesis is to analyse different types of document representations in the context of improving, in an unsupervised manner, the searchability of unstructured textual life sciences experiments by clustering similar experiments together. The challenge is to produce, analyse and compare different representations of the life sciences data by using traditional and advanced unsupervised Machine learning models. The text data analysed in this work is noisy and very heterogeneous, as it comes from a real-world Electronic Lab Notebook. Clustering unstructured and unlabeled text experiments is challenging. It requires the creation of representations based only on the relevant information existing in an experiment. This work studies statistical and generative techniques, word embeddings and some of the most recent deep learning models in Natural Language Processing to create the various representation of the studied data. It explores the possibility of combining multiple techniques and using external life-sciences knowledge-bases to create richer representations before applying clustering algorithms. Different types of analysis are performed, including an assessment done by experts, to evaluate and compare the scientific relevance of the cluster of experiments created by the different data representations. The results show that traditional statistical techniques can still produce good baselines. Modern deep learning techniques have been shown to model the studied data well and create rich representations. Combining multiple techniques with external knowledge (biomedical and life-science-related ontologies) have been shown to produce the best results in grouping similar relevant experiments together. The different studied techniques enable to model different, and complementary aspects of a text, therefore combining them is a key to significantly improve the clustering of unstructured data.Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera olika typer av dokumentrepresentationer för att, på ett oövervakat sätt, förbättra sökbarheten hos ostrukturerade biomedicinska experiment genom att kluster-samla liknande experiment tillsammans. Arbetet innefattar att producera, analysera och jämföra textrepresenta- tioner med hjälp av olika traditionella och moderna maskininlärningsmetoder. Den data som analyserats är brusig och heterogen eftersom den kommer från manuellt skrivna experiment från ett elektroniskt labbokssystem. Att kluster-indela ostrukturerade och oannoterade experiment är en utmaning. Det kräver en representation av texten som enbart baseras på väsentlig information. I denna uppsats har statistiska och generativa tekniker som inbäddade ord samt de senaste framstegen inom djup maskininlärning inom området naturlig textbearbetning använts för att skapa olika textrepresentationer. Genom att kombinera olika tekniker samt att utnyttja externa biomedicinska kunskapskällor har möjligheten att skapa en bättre representation undersökts. Flera analyser har gjorts och dessa har kompletterats med en manuell utvärdering utförd av experter inom det biomedicinska kunskapsfältet. Resultatet visar att traditionella statistiska metoder kan skapa en rimlig basnivå. Moderna djupinlärningsalgoritmer har också visat sig fungera mycket väl och skapat rika representationer av innehållet. Kombinationer av flera tekniker samt användningen av externa biomedicinska kunskapskällor och ontologier har visat sig ge bäst resultat. De olika teknikerna verkar modellera olika och komplementära aspekter av en text, och att kombinera dem kan vara en nyckel till att signifikant förbättra sökbarheten hos ostrukturerad text.
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Lu, Xiaofan. "Implementation of an information retrieval system for stock option analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19677.
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Stock option trading has been very active since options were invented. Option analysis is very useful in helping investors decide investing strategies and predict the trend of the future stock movements. In this thesis, basic theory about stock option trading and some important approaches of option analysis such as option volume, open interest, put/call ratios and breakeven stock prices are discussed. A system called Stock Option Analyzer that can perform the option analysis based on these approaches is described in detail. The Stock Option Analyzer is able to automatically retrieve option quotes on any specified stock from the website Yahoo!Finance and present analysis results in the user's web browser. This analysis information is very useful for us to understand investors' opinions about the underlying stocks. The system is developed using JSP technology, utilizing JavaBeans, Java applets, and the help of the web server to generate web page contents dynamically.
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Mankins, Matthew William David 1975. "Location linked information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62043.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2003.Pages 98 and 99 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81).
This work builds an infrastructure called Location Linked Information that offers a means to associate digital information with public, physical places. This connection creates a hybrid virtual/physical space, called glean space, that is owned, managed, and rated by the public, for the benefit of the populace. Initially embodied by an interactive, dynamic map viewed on a handheld computer, the system provides two functions for its urban users: 1) the retrieval of information about their surroundings, and 2) the optional annotation of location for communal benefit. Having the ability to link physical location with arbitrary information is an essential function to building immersive information environments and the smart city. Public computing systems such as Location Linked Information will enhance the urban experience, just as access to transportation dramatically altered the sensation and form of the city.
by Matthew William David Mankins.
S.M.
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Pappu, Ravikanth Srinivasa. "Minimum information holograms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62331.
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Fry, Benjamin Jotham 1975. "Computational information design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26913.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2004.Page 175 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-174).
The ability to collect, store, and manage data is increasing quickly, but our ability to understand it remains constant. In an attempt to gain better understanding of data, fields such as information visualization, data mining and graphic design are employed, each solving an isolated part of the specific problem, but failing in a broader sense: there are too many unsolved problems in the visualization of complex data. As a solution, this dissertation proposes that the individual fields be brought together as part of a singular process titled Computational Information Design. This dissertation first examines the individual pedagogies of design, information, and computation with a focus on how they support one another as parts of a combined methodology for the exploration, analysis, and representation of complex data. Next, in order to make the process accessible to a wider audience, a tool is introduced to simplify the computational process for beginners, and can be used as a sketch- ing platform by more advanced users. Finally, a series of examples show how the methodology and tool can be used to address a range of data problems, in particular, the human genome.
Benjamin Jotham Fry.
Ph.D.
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Fry, Benjamin Jotham 1975. "Organic information design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9042.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).
Design techniques for static information are well understood, their descriptions and discourse thorough and well-evolved. But these techniques fail when dynamic information is considered. There is a space of highly complex systems for which we lack deep understanding because few techniques exist for visualization of data whose structure and content are continually changing. To approach these problems, this thesis introduces a visualization process titled Organic Information Design. The resulting systems employ simulated organic properties in an interactive, visually refined environment to glean qualitative facts from large bodies of quantitative data generated by dynamic information sources.
Benjamin Jotham Fry.
S.M.
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Przytula, Machrouh Edith. "Information verbale et information graphiquepour la description d'itinéraires :une approche pluridisciplinaire." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00152544.
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Notre travail de recherche a consisté à étudier deux types de description : les descriptionsverbales et les descriptions graphiques d'itinéraires. Il s'agissait de définir des caractéristiques et des
contraintes liées aux modes d'expression verbal et graphique. L'étude des modes d'expression a
concerné également les relations entre ces deux modes. L'objectif était de répondre à la question de
l'utilisation alternative ou conjointe de représentations graphiques et linguistiques pour la description
d'itinéraires. Enfin, il s'agissait de définir une représentation formelle constituant un niveau
intermédiaire qui permettrait de générer les éléments de base des deux types d'expression de la
description d'itinéraire.
Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, nous avons mené une série d'études expérimentales basées sur le
principe de traduction. Les participants de nos trois études devaient traduire une représentation sous la
forme d'une autre représentation possédant des propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles différentes.
Lors de l'exécution de la tâche, ils avaient à leur disposition uniquement la représentation à partir de
laquelle la traduction devait être effectuée. La méthode de traduction a permis de confirmer la
possibilité du passage d'un mode vers un autre. D'autre part, elle a permis de détecter, par
l'intermédiaire des erreurs et des différences relevées dans les représentations issues de la traduction,
l'existence des contraintes propres à chaque mode de représentation.
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West, Robert. "Extracting semantic information from Wikipedia using human computation and dimensionality reduction." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92335.
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Ford, Neil Spencer, and Nicholas Waldon Zimmon. "A data-based Financial Management Information System (FMIS) for Administrative Sciences Department." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27584.
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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.The Administrative Sciences (AS) Department of the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is placing an increasing emphasis on keeping departmental expenses at minimum levels requiring the AS Department to carefully monitor a large number of complex financial accounts. It becomes necessary to develop a Financial Management Information System that would result in improved management of financial assets, better use of clerical skills, and more detailed, accurate, and up-to-date reporting within the AS Department. Based on the requirement analysis and prototypes performed by previous work, this thesis develops and implements a personal computer-based Management Information System for the Management of the many funding accounts controlled by the Administrative Sciences Department. The central objective was to integrate accounting transactions performed in several different offices, currently using different software programs, into a single all-encompassing Management Information System. The system was written using dBASE IV and is currently operational.
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Ford, Neil Spencer Zimmon Nicholas Waldon. "A data-based Financial Management Information System (FMIS) for Administrative Sciences Department." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA241958.
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Thesis (M.S. in Financial Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Liao, Shu. Second Reader: Bui, Tung. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 30, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Financial Management Information System, DBase IV, Data-Based Management System. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111). Also available in print.
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Rehder, John J. "Semantic software scouts for information retrieval." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623977.
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A new concept for information storage and retrieval is proposed that links chunks of information within and among documents based on semantic relationships and uses those connections to efficiently retrieve all the information that closely matches the user's request. The storage method is semantic hypertext, in which conventional hypertext links are enriched with semantic information that includes the strength and type of the relationship between the chunks of information being linked. A retrieval method was devised in which a set of cooperating software agents, called scouts, traverse the connections simultaneously searching for requested information. By communicating with each other and a central controller to coordinate the search, the scouts are able to achieve high recall and high precision and perform extremely efficiently.;An attempt to develop a document base connected by semantic hypertext is described. Because of the difficulties encountered in the attempt, it was concluded that there is no satisfactory method for automatic generation of semantic hypertext from real documents. The collection of semantically linked documents used in this research was generated synthetically.;A Java-based agent framework used to develop three types of software scouts. In the simplest implementation, Scoutmaster, the paths of the scouts through the document base were specified by a central controller. The only task of each scout was to follow the links specified by the central controller. In the next level of autonomy, Broadcaster, the controller was used strictly as a conduit for scouts to exchange messages. The controller received information from the scouts and broadcast it to all of the other scouts to use in determining their actions. In the final implementation, Melee, the central controller was used only to inaugurate the scout searches. After initialization, the scouts broadcast their messages to all the other scouts.;Experiments were performed to test the ability of the scouts to find information in two synthetically created document sets. All scout types were able to find all of specified information, i.e. high recall, while searching few documents that did not contain the information, i.e. high precision. Using groups of scouts, the best time to search document sets with up to 3000 documents and 2.5 million links was about thirty seconds.
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Nagarajah, Bertram A. "The influence of professional training and personal factors on technostress| A correlational study." Thesis, Capella University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252509.
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This study investigated the influence of professional training and personal factors on five categories of technostress: techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, and techno-uncertainty. The goal of the study was to determine whether experience and knowledge gained during professional training influenced the level of technostress individuals experienced in the workplace. The research also sought to determine how personal factors influence technostress directly and whether those factors moderate the relationship between professional training and technostress. The specific personal factors that were examined included gender, generational cohort, race, religion, and education level. A sample of 212 individuals who regularly use information technology as part of their daily work routine were surveyed on their levels of stress related to techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, and techno-uncertainty. Multiple linear regression analyses were then conducted to examine the relationship between the criterion variables (categories of technostress) and the predictor variables (professional training and personal factors). The data analysis demonstrated that while professional training had little influence on technostress, women experienced significantly higher levels of techno-overload, older participants experienced significantly higher levels of stress related to techno-complexity, non-Whites experienced significantly higher levels of techno-insecurity, and age impacted levels of techno-uncertainty in individuals in the IT/engineering field who had received professional training. These results suggest that there is a need for further investigation into how specific elements of technostress impact individual populations.
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Hale, Gregory (Gregory John). "Timing and hippocampal information processing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100872.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-100).
Timing is a key component in hippocampal encoding of space. I will discuss three lines of work related to this theme. First, I will describe the fine-timescale characteristics of single neurons in hippocampal subregion CAl, where theta oscillations organize groups of neurons into orderly sequences. While theta was once thought to be synchronized throughout CAl, it was recently shown instead to be offset in time along the long axis of the hippocampus. Considering distant pairs of neurons, our fundamental sequence spiking property may instead be systematically staggered by these offsets in the rhythms that pace them. I tested the impact of theta wave time offsets by recording place cell spike sequences from groups of neurons in distant parts of CAl, and found that place cell sequences more closely coordinate with each other than the underlying theta oscillations do. In regions that differ from one another by 13 milliseconds of theta delay, place cell sequences are typically aligned to within 5 milliseconds. This raises the possibility that theta wave offsets serve another purpose, perhaps timing the communication with brain areas connected to different parts of CAl, while compensatory mechanisms are in place to preserve the fine temporal alignment of place cell spatial information. Second, I will describe a tool for closed-loop experiments using information decoded from hippocampal ensembles. Place cell activity is typically extracted and analyzed only after an experiment has ended. But interrogating the timing of hippocampal information, enhancing or interfering with it, requires decoding that information immediately. I will discuss some of the difficulties and the eventual implementation of a system capable of sequence time-scale position decoding and then survey the future experimental applications.
by Gregory Hale.
Ph. D.
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Stilgård, Johanna. "Information inom den kommunala socialtjänsten. En studie av socionomers upplevelse av information i det dagliga arbetet med barnavårdsutredningar." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18233.
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The aim of this Masters thesis is to investigate how trained social workers experience information in their daily work. The thesis focussed on three major questions: - What type of information and information sources are mostly used by the trained social workers? - What kind of information barriers are described by the participants? - How can the patterns of information seeking and information use be understood on the basis of the trained social workers professional and social context? Semi-structured interviews were carried out with trained social workers working with child welfare enquiries. My theoretical framework consists of user and context oriented theories about classifications of information, information barriers and models of information sources. My conclusions are that trained social workers working with risk assessment in child protection services, need to use different kinds of information in their daily work, such as problem information, domain information and problem-solving information. Oral information sources, such as the current family of the investigation, colleagues and supervisors, are important. The participants vary in their use of written information sources. Information seeking on the Internet dominates among written sources. The main information barriers revealed are lack of time and lack of access to relevant information in the workplace. Political and economic issues together with the media debate have a strong impact on the trained social workers professional role.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Weitzman, Louis Murray. "The architecture of information : interpretation and presentation of information in dynamic environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29085.
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Kullman, Isak, and Ingela Wahlgren. "Systematisering av information på företag en fallstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17818.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a small company manages its information, primarily the organization of digital documents. The two dominating themes are classification and information politics, the former in the context of a corporate environment and the latter to help us to describe the situation at the company. The method used has involved observation of the company's current computer network structure and also interviews with six employees at different levels in various departments at the company. The result of our investigation has been the realization that, although logical structure is important when organizing documents in a digital environment, it is also necessary to have rules regarding its implementation.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Seeholzer, Roger V. "Investigating Roles of Information Security Strategy." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/49.
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A fundamental understanding of the complexities comprising an information security strategy (ISS) in an organization is lacking. Most ISS implementations in government organizations equate anti-virus or installing a firewall to that of an ISS. While use of hardware and software forms a good defense; neither comprises the essence of an ISS. The ISS best integrates with business and information system strategies from the start, forming and shaping the direction of overall strategy synergistically within large government organizations. The researcher used grounded theory and investigated what a large government organization’s choices were with the differing roles an information security professional (ISP) chooses to operate with and to develop an information security program. Analysis of the data collected from interviewing 32 chief information security officers (CISOs) revealed how CISOs viewed their programs, aligned their goals in the organization, and selected role(s) to execute strategy. Use of grounded theory coding practices of the interviews showed a deficit in complexities of an ISS and a lack of an ISS in the majority of organizations. The participants came from multiple organizations in the National Capital Region on the east coast of the United States. This study advances the body of knowledge in a qualitative understanding of actions taken by CISOs to select a direction towards ISS implementation, role selection, and development of information security programs. It provides a theory for further testing of strategy development and role maturity.
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Landgren, Filip. "The information paraxod, a modern review." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-410311.
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The information paradox is one of the greatest unsolved mysteries on modern physics that have received major attention since it was first surfaced by Stephen Hawking in the 1970s. The consensus of the information paradox is far from reached and it seems like at least one established law of nature need to go in order to resolve it. The information paradox is in the heart of the conflict between quantum mechanics and general relativity and could be a clue to their unification. In this paper we review problems that comes with the paradox as well as present modern attempts to resolve it. We will look closer on black hole complementarity that tells us that tells us that no observer ever observes a violation of a physical law as well as counter arguments to it, including the firewall paradox. Recently, an entropy inequality was derived that is violated in the framework of Hawking radiation. We will demonstrate that small corrections to the Hawking radiation will not resolve this violation as many believes but make the violation more severe. Finally, we will outline more unconventional attempts to approach the information paradox.
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McKinley, Ryan 1976. "Open government information awareness." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62042.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-100).
In the United States, there is a widening gap between a citizen's ability to monitor his or her government and the government's ability to monitor a citizen. Average citizens have limited access to important government records, while available information is often illegible. Meanwhile, the government's eagerness and means to oversee a citizen's personal activity is rapidly increasing. As the government broadens internal surveillance, and collaborates with private institutions to access data on the public, it is crucial that we maintain a symmetry of accountability. If we believe the United States should be a government "of the people, by the people, and for the people" it is of central importance to provide citizens with the power to oversee their government. At least as much effort should be spent building tools to facilitate citizens supervising their government as tools to help the government monitor individuals. In this thesis, I discuss the motivations, design, and implementation of Government Information Awareness, a citizen run database on our government. Fundamentally, this system relies on an organizational structure that accepts information from an anonymous population, stores it, and represents it with enough context to maintain legibility. My work in this thesis is offering a framework for a system that could help citizens pool their collective knowledge, and through this process, create a more informed public capable of self-rule.
Ryan McKinley.
S.M.
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Finnveden, Lukas. "Investigating Strategic Hierarchical Information." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276243.
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Multi-agent strategic planning is a field that seeks to model groups of agents who must cooperate to fulfil some goal. It is closely connected to the field of game theory, as games are used to model the interactions between players. An important problem is to determine, for a given game and win condition, whether there exists any strategy that guarantees victory. Under conditions of imperfect information, where some players do not know the current state of the game, this problem is known to be undecidable. This means that there cannot exist any general algorithm that correctly determines whether there exists a winning strategy, for any game and any win condition. To circumvent this problem, researchers have identified some conditions such that, if a game fulfils one of the conditions, the problem of finding a winning strategy is decidable. One such condition is that of hierarchical information. This requires that, if you put the players in some total order, p1 Strategisk planering för spel med flera spelare handlar om att modellera en grupp agenter som måste samarbeta för att nå något mål. Liksom spelteori så använder sig fältet av formellt specificerade spel för att modellera interaktioner mellan spelarna. Ett viktigt problem inom fältet är att avgöra huruvida det finns någon vinnande strategi, givet ett spel och ett mål. Under ofullständig information, där vissa spelare inte vet spelets nuvarande tillstånd, så är detta problem oavgörbart. Detta innebär att det inte finns någon generell algoritm som korrekt avgör om det finns en vinnande strategy, för vilket spel och mål som helst. För att komma runt detta problem så har några villkor identifierats, sådana att om ett spel uppfyller något av villkoren, så är det ett avgörbart problem huruvida det finns en vinnande strategi, eller ej. Ett sådant villkor är hierarkisk information. Ett spel har hierarkisk information om det är möjligt att placera spelarna i någon ordning, p1
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Gethers, Malcom Bernard II. "Information Integration for Software Maintenance and Evolution." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720326.
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Software maintenance and evolution is a particularly complex phenomenon in the case of long-lived, large-scale systems. It is not uncommon for such systems to progress through years of development history, a number of developers, and a multitude of software artifacts including millions of lines of code. Therefore, realizing even the slightest change may not always be straightforward. Clearly, changes are the central force driving software evolution. Therefore, it is not surprising that a significant effort has been (and should be) devoted in the software engineering community to systematically understanding, estimating, and managing changes to software artifacts. This effort includes the three core change related tasks of (1) expert developer recommendations - identifying who are the most experienced developers to implement needed changes, (2) traceability link recovery recovering dependencies (traceability links) between different types of software artifacts, and (3) software change impact analysis - which other software entities should be changed given a starting point.;This dissertation defines a framework for an integrated approach to support three core software maintenance and evolution tasks: expert developer recommendation, traceability link recovery, and software change impact analysis. The framework is centered on the use of conceptual and evolutionary relationships latent in structured and unstructured software artifacts. Information Retrieval (IR) and Mining Software Repositories (MSR) based techniques are used for analyzing and deriving these relationships. All the three tasks are supported under the framework by providing systematic combinations of MSR and IR analyses on single and multiple versions of a software system. Our approach to the integration of information is what sets it apart from previously reported relevant solutions in the literature. Evaluation on a number of open source systems suggests that such combinations do offer improvements over individual approaches.
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Björnfot, Patrik. "Supporting coordination of everyday project : Evaluation and design of Tabula." Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Informatics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34941.
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This paper argues that currently there is a lack of powerful and easy to use, coordination support systems designed for non-professional users. To address this problem this paper proposes a novel approach to the coordination of projects. The approach is based on integrating minimalist task workspaces in web-based Task/Participant tables. The paper presents a further design of Tabula, a web-based coordination system that implements this approach. The concept and prototype of Tabula was explored in two user studies employing the focus group method. The groups included subjects that were active, respectively, Master students in HCI and high-school teachers. The results of the focus group will be presented and discussed. The improved version of Tabula implements novel interface- and coordination functionality as well as an alternative e-mail based interface.
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Henriksson, Christian, and Jenny Josefsson. "Vad ambulanssjuksköterskors anser om information till traumapatienter : information ger trygghet." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19706.
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Ambulansarbetet är ibland stressigt och som ambulanspersonal hanteras bland annat traumapatienter. Det kan upplevas svårt att finna tid till omvårdnaden kring patienten. En del av omvårdnaden är att informera patienten vad som händer för att de ska uppleva en delaktighet och trygghet i vården. I traumasituationer är det svårt att avgöra hur detaljerad informationen ska vara och hur mottaglig patienten är för information, även patientens medvetandegrad är avgörande. Syftet med studien var att beskriva vad ambulanssjuksköterskor anser om information och vilken information som gavs till traumapatienter. Metoden som valdes var kvalitativa intervjuer och dataanalysen gjordes med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att det är viktigt att genom information om de åtgärder som utförs och kommande vård främja att patienten känner sig lugn och trygg. En välinformerad patient upplevs mer trygg och samarbetsvillig enligt informanterna. Svårigheten är den tidsbrist som råder i akuta situationer då mycket fysiska åtgärder ska göras på kort tid. Det framkommer ändå att information är viktigt för att minska patientens vårdlidande.Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot ambulanssjukvård
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Pelejo, Diane Christine. "Matrix Results and Techniques in Quantum Information Science and Related Topics." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1499449852.
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In this dissertation, we present several matrix-related problems and results motivated by quantum information theory. Some background material of quantum information science will be discussed in chapter 1, while chapter 7 gives a summary of results and concluding remarks. In chapter 2, we look at $2^n\times 2^n$ unitary matrices, which describe operations on a closed $n$-qubit system. We define a set of simple quantum gates, called controlled single qubit gates, and their associated operational cost. We then present a recurrence scheme to decompose a general $2^n\times 2^n$ unitary matrix to the product of no more than $2^{n-1}(2^n-1)$ single qubit gates with small number of controls. In chapter 3, we address the problem of finding a specific element $\Phi$ among a given set of quantum channels $\mathcal{S}$ that will produce the optimal value of a scalar function $D(\rho_1,\Phi(\rho_2))$, on two fixed quantum states $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$. Some of the functions we considered for $D(\cdot,\cdot)$ are the trace distance, quantum fidelity and quantum relative entropy. We discuss the optimal solution when $\mathcal{S}$ is the set of unitary quantum channels, the set of mixed unitary channels, the set of unital quantum channels, and the set of all quantum channels. In chapter 4, we focus on the spectral properties of qubit-qudit bipartite states with a maximally mixed qudit subsystem. More specifically, given positive numbers $a_1\geq\ldots\geq a_{2n}\geq 0$, we want to determine if there exist a $2n\times 2n$ density matrix $\rho$ having eigenvalues $a_1,\ldots,a_{2n}$ and satisfying $\tr_1(\rho)=\frac{1}{n}I_n$. This problem is a special case of the more general quantum marginal problem. We give the minimal necessary and sufficient conditions on $a_1,\ldots,a_{2n}$ for $n\leq 6$ and state some observations on general values of $n$. In chapter 5, we discuss the numerical method of alternating projections and illustrate its usefulness in: (a) constructing a quantum channel, if it exists, such that $\Phi(\rho^{(1)})=\sigma^{(1)},\ldots, \Phi(\rho^{(k)})=\sigma^{(k)}$ for given $\rho^{(1)},\ldots,\rho^{(k)}\in \mathcal{D}_n$ and $\sigma^{(1)},\ldots,\sigma^{(k)}\in \mathcal{D}_m$, (b) constructing a multipartite state $\rho$ having a prescribed set of reduced states $\rho_1,\ldots, \rho_r$ on $r$ of its subsystems, (c) constructing a multipartite state$\rho$ having prescribed reduced states and additional properties such as having prescribed eigenvalues, prescribed rank or low von Neuman entropy; and (d) determining if a square matrix $A$ can be written as a product of two positive semidefinite contractions. In chapter 6, we examine the shape of the Minkowski product of convex subsets $K_1$ and $K_2$ of $\IC$ given by $K_1K_2 = \{ab: a \in K_1, b\in K_2\}$, which has applications in the study of the product numerical range and quantum error-correction. In \citep{Karol}, it was conjectured that $K_1K_2$ is star-shaped when $K_1$ and $K_2$ are convex. We give counterexamples to show that this conjecture does not hold in general but we show that the set $K_1K_2$ is star-shaped if $K_1$ is a line segment or a circular disk.
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Srinivasan, Arunshankar. "Forensic information management system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3356.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 88 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
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Sharma, Dipesh. "Automatically Extract Information from Web Documents." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/376.
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The Internet could be considered to be a reservoir of useful information in textual form — product catalogs, airline schedules, stock market quotations, weather forecast etc. There has been much interest in building systems that gather such information on a user's behalf. But because these information resources are formatted differently, mechanically extracting their content is difficult. Systems using such resources typically use hand-coded wrappers, customized procedures for information extraction. Structured data objects are a very important type of information on the Web. Such data objects are often records from underlying databases and displayed in Web pages with some fixed templates. Mining data records in Web pages is useful because they typically present their host pages' essential information, such as lists of products and services. Extracting these structured data objects enables one to integrate data/information from multiple Web pages to provide value-added services, e.g., comparative shopping, meta-querying and search. Web content mining has thus become an area of interest for many researchers because of the phenomenal growth of the Web contents and the economic benefits associated with it. However, due to the heterogeneity of Web pages, automated discovery of targeted information is still posing as a challenging problem.
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Tigin, Fatma. "Patienternas information/underlag om receptordinerade läkemedel." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för kemi och biomedicinsk vetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13304.
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Andersson, Elna, and Malin Utter. "Be Wise condomise : a study in Botswana on the spread of AIDS information and how the information is being received." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20639.
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AIDS is a huge problem in the world and it is spreading rapidly, especially in Africa. Botswana is one of the worlds worst-hit countries, with over one-third of the inhabitants infected by HIV/AIDS. The measures that have been taken to stop the spread of AIDS are to inform and enlighten people on how the disease is spread and how to protect oneself. The aim of this thesis is to investigate what different ways of informing people about AIDS different organisations make use of in Botswana. The thesis also addresses how some receivers of the AIDS information experience it. The receivers are limited to young women in Gaborone. The thesis is based on an MFS-study carried out in Gaborone, Botswana. The study was conducted through interviews and observations. The main question of the thesis is: Are the most common ways of spreading information about AIDS which the organisations we investigated in Botswana make use of also those which the young women appreciate most? The thesis investigates both sides in the communication process, the transmitters of AIDS information and the receivers. It makes use of Jarlbros theory on health communication and Ross Todds theory on information utilisation to analyse the work of the different organisations and the interviews with the young women. The result of the thesis is that the transmitters and the receivers do not always have the same perception of what are the best ways of informing people about AIDS. Mostly mass communication campaigns are being used, but the young women prefer to be informed on a more personal level.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Chen, Fanglan, and Taissia Goriounova. "Lexikonbaserad Cross-Language Information Retrival : Utvärdering av queryeffektivitet." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17983.
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This thesis discusses main problems associated with dictionary-based Cross-Language Information Retrieval as lexical and translational ambiguity of query terms, translation of compounds and phrases, dictionary limitation. The purpose of the study is to investigate how query structure influences the effectiveness of CLIR regarding performance of three query types: original query, unstructured query and structured query. Query structuring refers to the application of #syn-operator to group query terms. The study comprises an experiment that was performed in the InQuery IR system with TrecUta database that contains 550,000 news articles from different American newspapers. 24 topics were used for the experiment. The effectiveness of three types of query structure is compared at different Document Cut-off Value levels, maximal DCV= 100. The measure used is average precision. Binary relevance situation, where the three relevance degrees 1, 2, and 3 have been merged into one, is applied. The results show that dictionary-based query translation without the use of structure significantly decreases the effectiveness of information retrieval while query structuring through synonym sets shows to be a simple and effective method, which allows the reduction of the effects of translation ambiguity and the improvement of the performance of CLIR-queries. The results reveal that the performance can nearly reach the same level as the original queries.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Bark, Sirpa. "Kvinnliga advokater och information, ett genus- och kontextperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20474.
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The primary aim of this thesis is to examine female lawyers' relationships to information from different angles. The starting-point is that the legal information, retrieved from through different information sources, is not free from values and subjectivity. The commonly presumed objectivity of legal information is questioned, based on the fact that this kind of information has developed and changed historically in the context of, and in relation to, society. Another aim is to find out how the female lawyers experience their situation in a traditionally masculine working environment. Qualitative interviews have been carried out with seven female lawyers involving questions about their daily work about the sources that they are using. The findings show that the female lawyers in my investigation mainly use traditional sources of information. To some extent however they use IT to find information, although they regard the search by electronic sources as being more difficult and more demanding than the traditional search methods. They have no wish to change their information habits since they manage well with the traditional habits, which they have learnt in law school. Being a female in a traditionally masculine work context is not easy, but it has not held back any of my interviewees from continuing to practice the profession. The conclusion of my investigation is that there is no explicit consciousness of the fact that jurisprudence is unfair in regard of not taking any notice of gender perspectives.Uppsatsnivå: D