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Journal articles on the topic 'Information response theory'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Duering, E., D. Otero, A. Plastino, and A. Proto. "Information theory and the linear-response approach." Physical Review A 32, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 3681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.32.3681.

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2

Reise, Steven P., Andrew T. Ainsworth, and Mark G. Haviland. "Item Response Theory." Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, no. 2 (April 2005): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00342.x.

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Item response theory (IRT) is an increasingly popular approach to the development, evaluation, and administration of psychological measures. We introduce, first, three IRT fundamentals: (a) item response functions, (b) information functions, and (c) invariance. We next illustrate how IRT modeling can improve the quality of psychological measurement. Available evidence suggests that the differences between IRT and traditional psychometric methods are not trivial; IRT applications can improve the precision and validity of psychological research across a wide range of subjects.

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3

Smith, Ken G., and Curtis M. Grimm. "A Communication-Information Model of Competitive Response Timing." Journal of Management 17, no. 1 (March 1991): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700102.

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Although issues of timing in interfirm rivalry are critical to strategic managers, rarely have they received scholarly attention. A model of competitive response timing is here proposed that contains three basic elements: competitive actions, responses, and response timing. The article discusses howfirms enhance performance by undertaking actions and responses; the speed with which one firm responds to another s action is explained by communication-information theory. Specifically, the speed with which afirm responds to a competitor's action is posited to be afunction of (a) characteristics of the actot; (b) characteristics of the action, (c) how the action is communicated, (d) the competitive environment, and (e) the characteristics of the potential respondingfirm. Hypotheses regarding the determinants of competitive response timing are developedfrom communication-information theory.

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4

Harvey, Robert J., and Allen L. Hammer. "Item Response Theory." Counseling Psychologist 27, no. 3 (May 1999): 353–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000099273004.

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Item response theory (IRT) seeks to model the way in which latent psychological constructs manifest themselves in terms of observable item responses; this information is useful when developing, evaluating, and scoring tests. After providing an overview of the most popular IRT models (i.e., those applicable to dichotomously keyed items) and contrasting them with the techniques used in classical test theory (CTT), the authors illustrate the application of IRT using data from the recently revised Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. These results highlight a number of IRT’s advantages, including (a) detailed descriptions of the performance of individual items, (b) indices of item- and scale-level precision that are free to vary across the full range of possible scores, (c) assessments of item- and test-level bias with respect to demographic subgroups, (d) measures of response-profile quality, and (e) computer-adaptive testing, which can dramatically reduce testing time.

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5

Ranger, Jochen, Jörg-Tobias Kuhn, and Carsten Szardenings. "Limited information estimation of the diffusion-based item response theory model for responses and response times." British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 69, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12064.

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6

Slater, Michael D., Helen Chipman, Garry Auld, Thomas Keefe, and Patricia Kendall. "Information Processing and Situational Theory: A Cognitive Response Analysis." Journal of Public Relations Research 4, no. 4 (October 1992): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr0404_1.

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7

Gorter, R., J.-P. Fox, I. Eekhout, MW Heymans, and JWR Twisk. "Missing item responses in latent growth analysis: Item response theory versus classical test theory." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 4 (April 2020): 996–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219897706.

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In medical research, repeated questionnaire data is often used to measure and model latent variables across time. Through a novel imputation method, a direct comparison is made between latent growth analysis under classical test theory and item response theory, while also including effects of missing item responses. For classical test theory and item response theory, by means of a simulation study the effects of item missingness on latent growth parameter estimates are examined given longitudinal item response data. Several missing data mechanisms and conditions are evaluated in the simulation study. The additional effects of missingness on differences in classical test theory- and item response theory-based latent growth analysis are directly assessed by rescaling the multiple imputations. The multiple imputation method is used to generate latent variable and item scores from the posterior predictive distributions to account for missing item responses in observed multilevel binary response data. It is shown that a multivariate probit model, as a novel imputation model, improves the latent growth analysis, when dealing with missing at random (MAR) in classical test theory. The study also shows that the parameter estimates for the latent growth model using item response theory show less bias and have smaller MSE’s compared to the estimates using classical test theory.

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8

Weissman, Alexander. "Optimizing information using the EM algorithm in item response theory." Annals of Operations Research 206, no. 1 (September 27, 2012): 627–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-012-1204-4.

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Harnesk, Dan, and Heidi Hartikainen. "Multi-Layers of Information Security in Emergency Response." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 3, no. 2 (April 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jiscrm.2011040101.

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This paper draws on the socio-technical research tradition in information systems to re-conceptualize the information security in emergency response. A conceptual basis encompassing the three layers—technical, cognitive, and organizational—is developed by synthesizing Actor Network Theory and Theory of Organizational Routines. This paper makes the assumption that the emergency response context is built on the relationship between association and connectivity, which continuously shapes the emergency action network and its routines. Empirically, the analysis is based on a single case study conducted across three emergency departments. The data thus collected on information security, emergency department routines, and emergency actions is used to theorize specifically on the association/connectivity relationship. The resultant findings point to the fact that information security layers have a meaning in emergency response that is different from mainstream definitions of information security.

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10

Lopes-dos-Santos, Vítor, Stefano Panzeri, Christoph Kayser, Mathew E. Diamond, and Rodrigo Quian Quiroga. "Extracting information in spike time patterns with wavelets and information theory." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 3 (February 1, 2015): 1015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00380.2014.

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We present a new method to assess the information carried by temporal patterns in spike trains. The method first performs a wavelet decomposition of the spike trains, then uses Shannon information to select a subset of coefficients carrying information, and finally assesses timing information in terms of decoding performance: the ability to identify the presented stimuli from spike train patterns. We show that the method allows: 1) a robust assessment of the information carried by spike time patterns even when this is distributed across multiple time scales and time points; 2) an effective denoising of the raster plots that improves the estimate of stimulus tuning of spike trains; and 3) an assessment of the information carried by temporally coordinated spikes across neurons. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that the Wavelet-Information (WI) method performs better and is more robust to spike time-jitter, background noise, and sample size than well-established approaches, such as principal component analysis, direct estimates of information from digitized spike trains, or a metric-based method. Furthermore, when applied to real spike trains from monkey auditory cortex and from rat barrel cortex, the WI method allows extracting larger amounts of spike timing information. Importantly, the fact that the WI method incorporates multiple time scales makes it robust to the choice of partly arbitrary parameters such as temporal resolution, response window length, number of response features considered, and the number of available trials. These results highlight the potential of the proposed method for accurate and objective assessments of how spike timing encodes information.

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11

Bhattacherjee, Anol, Christopher J. Davis, Amy J. Connolly, and Neset Hikmet. "User response to mandatory IT use: a coping theory perspective." European Journal of Information Systems 27, no. 4 (December 4, 2017): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41303-017-0047-0.

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12

Soize, C. "Information Theory for Generation of Accelerograms Associated with Shock Response Spectra." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 25, no. 5 (February 10, 2010): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2009.00643.x.

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13

Lyakhov, Ilya G., Annangarachari Krishnamachari, and Thomas D. Schneider. "Discovery of novel tumor suppressor p53 response elements using information theory." Nucleic Acids Research 36, no. 11 (May 21, 2008): 3828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn189.

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14

Dhulipala, Somayajulu L. N., Adrian Rodriguez-Marek, and Mahdi Bahrampouri. "Intensity measure adequacy assessment for nonlinear site response using Information Theory." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 134 (July 2020): 106144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106144.

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15

Chenault, Michelene, Martijn Berger, Bernd Kremer, and Lucien Anteunis. "Quantification of Experienced Hearing Problems With Item Response Theory." American Journal of Audiology 22, no. 2 (December 2013): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2013/12-0038).

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to improve the effectiveness of adult hearing screens and demonstrate that interventions assessment methods are needed that address the individual's experienced hearing. Item response theory, which provides a methodology for assessing patient-reported outcomes, is examined here to demonstrate its usefulness in hearing screens and interventions. Method The graded response model is applied to a scale of 11 items assessing perceived hearing functioning and 10 items assessing experienced social limitations completed by a sample of 212 persons age 55+ years. Fixed and variable slope models are compared. Discrimination and threshold parameters are estimated and information functions evaluated. Results Variable slope models for both scales provided the best fit. The estimated discrimination parameters for all items except for one in each scale were good if not excellent (1.5–3.4). Threshold values varied, demonstrating the complementary and supplementary value of items within a scale. The information provided by each item varies relative to trait values so that each scale of items provides information over a wider range of trait values. Conclusion Item response theory methodology facilitates the comparison of items relative to their discriminative ability and information provided and thus provides a basis for the selection of items for application in a screening setting.

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16

NAKANO, HUZIO. "LINEAR RESPONSE THEORY: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 07, no. 13 (June 15, 1993): 2397–467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979293002900.

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A survey is given of the development of the linear response theory of transport processes in Japan in a short period between early 1955 and late 1956, immediately after the discovery of the formula for electrical conductivity. Although the article gives a historical account, it also provides sufficient pedagogical material for those who wish to study linear response theory. The conventional theory based on the Boltzmann-Bloch equation is also briefly reviewed for the sake of pedagogical completeness. To clarify the origin of irreversibility, variational principles of transport processes are described including Onsager’s thermostatistical theory, which are well known in conjunction with the reciprocity relations of transport coefficients. These variational principles correspond to various levels of the description of nonequilibrium systems. Contraction of microscopic to a macroscopic information transforms one variational principle into another. A reflection upon the foundation of linear response theory is given through the comparison of two different traditional theories of transport processes, Thomson’s theory of thermoelectricity and Onsager’s thermostatistical theory.

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17

Kunjanman, Sugitha, and Azlina Abdul Aziz. "Reader-Response Theory: A Systematic Literature Review." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i4.747.

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This paper presents an analysis of a systematic review of relevant published past research on the reader’s response theory. The studies reviewed are from the year 2013 to 2020 with the total number of fourteen studies. The main aim of this systematic review is to depict an empirical information formulation discovered through multiple methods in previous scholarly research on the Reader’s Response Theory. This systematic study addresses the current findings in reader response theory. The findings focus on the benefits of using the reader-response theory as well as the challenges of faced by a few researchers.

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18

Bergh, Donald D., Enzo Peruffo, Wan-Ting Chiu, Brian Connelly, and Michael A. Hitt. "Market response to divestiture announcements: A screening theory perspective." Strategic Organization 18, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 547–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127019851083.

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Capital market investors have limited information about the motives, exchange terms, and expected outcomes of corporate divestitures. Thus, when a firm announces a divestiture, capital markets may have difficulty distinguishing divestitures that are likely to be beneficial and investment worthy from those that signify hidden problems. Drawing on screening theory, we argue that one way investors might overcome their information disadvantages is to use screens to identify investment-worthy divesting firms. We test this logic using one such screen: change in blockholding equity stakes prior to a divestiture announcement. Data from 858 European Union divestitures occurring in 13 Western European Countries show that investors’ reaction to a divestiture announcement is positively associated with pre-divestiture changes in blockholdings in the divesting firm. Furthermore, investors’ valuations were more positive in higher performing divesting firms that had increases in blockholding equity stakes before the divestiture than those that had reductions in these owners’ equity stakes. The findings extend our understanding of how outsiders, such as investors, navigate incomplete information about divestitures. We describe how our study offers a range of implications for divestiture research.

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19

Poole. "Response to Jones and Karsten, "Giddens's Structuration Theory and Information Systems Research"." MIS Quarterly 33, no. 3 (2009): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20650310.

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20

Anderson, Carolyn J. "Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models with Collateral Information as Poisson Regression Models." Journal of Classification 30, no. 2 (July 2013): 276–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00357-013-9131-x.

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21

Yamamoto, T., N. Yuyama, T. Kato, and Y. Kawamura. "Gustatory responses of cortical neurons in rats. II. Information processing of taste quality." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1356–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.6.1356.

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The present report was designed to investigate neural coding of taste information in the cerebral cortical taste area of rats. The magnitude and/or type (excitatory, inhibitory, or no-response) of responses of 111 cortical neurons evoked by single concentrations of the four basic taste stimuli (sucrose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine HCl) were subjected to four types of analyses in the context of the four proposed hypotheses of taste-quality coding: across-neuron response-pattern, labeled-line, matrix-pattern, and across-region response-pattern notions (88 histologically located neurons). An across-neuron response-pattern notion assumes that taste quality is coded by differential magnitudes of response across many neurons. This theory utilizes across-neuron correlation coefficients as a metric for the evaluation of taste quality coding. Across-neuron correlations between magnitudes of responses to any pairs of the four basic taste stimuli across 111 cortical neurons were very high and were similar. However, calculations made with net responses (spontaneous rate subtracted) resulted in less positive correlations but still similar values among the various pairs of taste stimuli. This finding suggests that across-neuron response patterns of cortical neurons become less discriminating among taste qualities compared with those of the lower-order neurons. A labeled-line notion assumes that there are identifiable groups of neurons and that taste quality is coded by activity in these particular sets of neurons. Some investigators have classified taste-responsive neurons into best-stimulus categories, depending on their best sensitivity to any one of the four basic stimuli, such as sucrose-best, NaCl-best, HCl-best, and quinine-best neurons; they have suggested that taste can be classified along four qualitative dimensions that correspond to these four neuron types (i.e., four labeled lines). The present study shows that responsiveness of each of the four best-stimulus neurons had similar profiles between peripheral and cortical levels. That is, when the stimuli were arranged along the abscissa in the order of sucrose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine, there is a peak response in one place, and the responses decreased gradually from the peak. However, such response characteristics do not favor the labeled-line theory, since they can be explained in the context of the across-neuron pattern theory. A matrix-pattern notion assumes that taste quality is coded by a spatially arranged matrix pattern of activated neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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22

Hsu, Chia-Ling, and Wen-Chung Wang. "Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Testing Using Non-Compensatory Item Response Theory Models." Applied Psychological Measurement 43, no. 6 (October 26, 2018): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621618800280.

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Current use of multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (MCAT) has been developed in conjunction with compensatory multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models rather than with non-compensatory ones. In recognition of the usefulness of MCAT and the complications associated with non-compensatory data, this study aimed to develop MCAT algorithms using non-compensatory MIRT models and to evaluate their performance. For the purpose of the study, three item selection methods were adapted and compared, namely, the Fisher information method, the mutual information method, and the Kullback–Leibler information method. The results of a series of simulations showed that the Fisher information and mutual information methods performed similarly, and both outperformed the Kullback–Leibler information method. In addition, it was found that the more stringent the termination criterion and the higher the correlation between the latent traits, the higher the resulting measurement precision and test reliability. Test reliability was very similar across the dimensions, regardless of the correlation between the latent traits and termination criterion. On average, the difficulties of the administered items were found to be at a lower level than the examinees’ abilities, which shed light on item bank construction for non-compensatory items.

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Brown, Magdelene Aneetee, and Dr Patchainayagi S. "Cognitive Constructivist Theory of Multimedia for Appreciative Response: An Approach to Decode Sociolinguistic Appropriations in Texts’ of Nigeria." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 4232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19279.

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The paper aims to explore Multimedia as a cognitive tool to enhance the study of appropriated texts of Nigeria and the sociolinguistic reasons behind appropriating the English language to carry the native's experiences. The writers of Nigeria deploy the strategies to reconstruct Africa's taunted imageries and cultures. An ethnographic study exposes the strategic method of representing authentic versions through abrogation. The article examines and re-evaluates, identified resistant strains that are consciously or unconsciously integrated in the texts, according to their level of contact with the English language to ensure their text's authenticity. The palm-wine Drinkard and Purple Hibiscus are the texts(novel) representing the first and third generation of Nigerian authors selected for the study. Bakhtin’s theory on Heteroglossia and dialogism also analyses the selected novels. The novelists resist the hegemonic speech pattern to incorporate indigenous practices within their utterances. Multimedia as a tool can enrich the cognitive process in comprehending the appropriated texts. A Quasi-experimental research design was used to evaluate the comprehensive capacity of tertiary learners before and after using Multimedia to capture the quintessence of an indigenised novel. While some may criticize Appropriation as a market-driven exoticism, it has successfully fashioned familiarization of Indigenized culture, rather than alienating the knowledge about it using multimedia.

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Sulis, Isabella, and Michael D. Toland. "Introduction to Multilevel Item Response Theory Analysis." Journal of Early Adolescence 37, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 85–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616642328.

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Item response theory (IRT) models are the main psychometric approach for the development, evaluation, and refinement of multi-item instruments and scaling of latent traits, whereas multilevel models are the primary statistical method when considering the dependence between person responses when primary units (e.g., students) are nested within clusters (e.g., classes). This article introduces multilevel IRT (MLIRT) modeling, and provides the basic information to conduct, interpret, and report results based on an analysis using MLIRT modeling. The procedures are demonstrated using a sample data set based on the National Institute for the Evaluation of School System survey completed in Italy by fifth-grade students nested in classrooms to assess math achievement. The data and command files (Stata, M plus, flexMIRT) needed to reproduce all analyses and plots in this article are available as supplemental online materials at http://jea.sagepub.com/supplemental .

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25

Mathiassen, Lars, and Carsten Soreness. "Towards a Theory of Organizational Information Services." Journal of Information Technology 23, no. 4 (December 2008): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2008.10.

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The use of information technology (IT) in organizations has undergone dramatic changes during the past 30 years. As a result, it has become increasingly common to adopt services rather than traditional systems perspective to more accurately capture contemporary practices. There is, however, a lack of theories that can help us understand, assess, and design information services in organizational contexts. On this backdrop, we combine general notions of information processing options and requirements to outline a contingency theory of organizational use of information services. The theory suggests that information services are configurations of heterogeneous information processing capabilities; these services are evoked by organizational actors to help execute tasks, and evoking different configurations may lead to equally satisfactory outcomes. The theory distinguishes between four types of services computational, adaptive, networking, and collaborative services, and it suggests that organizational actors need portfolios of information services that are suited to the equivocality and uncertainty profile of the information processing they face. The paper defines four types of services and how they relate to information processing requirements; it applies the theory to a study of information services in response to vehicle policing; and it outlines how the theory relates to standardization and unintended consequences of information services. We conclude by discussing the theory and its implications for research and practice.

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BENHAR, OMAR. "MANY-BODY THEORY OF THE ELECTROWEAK NUCLEAR RESPONSE." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 05n06 (June 2009): 1282–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309013506.

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After a brief review of the theoretical description of nuclei based on nonrelativistic many-body theory and realistic hamiltonians, these lectures focus on its application to the analysis of the electroweak response. Special emphasis is given to electron-nucleus scattering, whose experimental study has provided a wealth of information on nuclear structure and dynamics, exposing the limitations of the shell model. The extension of the formalism to the case of neutrino-nucleus interactions, whose quantitative understanding is required to reduce the systematic uncertainty of neutrino oscillation experiments, is also discussed.

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Ranger, Jochen, and Anett Wolgast. "Using Response Times as Collateral Information About Latent Traits in Psychological Tests." Methodology 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000181.

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Abstract. In psychological tests, the time needed to respond to the items provides collateral information about the latent traits of the test takers. This, however, requires a measurement model that incorporates the response times in addition to the responses. Such a measurement model is usually based on a full specification of the response time distribution. In the present article, we suggest a novel modeling approach that requires fewer assumptions. In the approach, the responses are modeled with a unidimensional two-parameter logistic model. The single response times are summed to the scale-specific total testing time which is then related to the latent trait of the two-parameter logistic model via a smooth adaptive Gaussian mixture (SAGM) model. The approach can be justified against the background of the bivariate generalized linear item response theory modeling framework ( Molenaar, Tuerlinckx, & van der Maas, 2015a ). Its utility is investigated in two simulation studies and an empirical example.

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28

Miller, Brian A. "Leonard Meyer’s Theory of Musical Style, from Pragmatism to Information Theory." Resonance 2, no. 4 (2021): 475–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/res.2021.2.4.475.

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Despite its ubiquity in both academic and popular discourses on music, the concept of musical style last received in-depth scholarly treatment three decades ago, in music theorist Leonard Meyer’s final book, Style and Music of 1989. Meyer’s text remains widely cited today, but its date obscures the even earlier origins of its central concerns in Meyer’s work of the 1950s and ’60s. Indeed, Meyer developed his most enduring ideas amidst an array of momentous intellectual changes, not least of which were the rise (and fall) of information theory and cybernetics, and the transition from behaviorist to cognitive psychology, both of which impacted his work and legacy in lasting ways. While Meyer’s general understanding of musical style remained largely consistent across his career, this essay examines a series of subtle shifts in the details of his conception as his intellectual focus shifted from pragmatist philosophy to a wholesale engagement with information theory to, eventually, cognitive psychology. Meyer’s most important early influences were American pragmatists like John Dewey and Morris R. Cohen, but already by 1957 he argued for a continuity between the mathematical structure of Markov chains and the pragmatist theories of meaning and emotional response on which his famous Emotion and Meaning in Music (1956) was based. While explicit mention of information theory soon dropped out of his writings, I show how information and computation continue to resonate throughout his later works and, thus, how they live on in current music-theoretical notions of style.

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29

Ali, Ashiq, Joshua Ronen, and Shu-Hsing Li. "Discretionary Disclosures in Response to Intra-Industry Information Transfers." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 9, no. 2 (April 1994): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9400900209.

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This study examines information disclosures about non-announcing firms' following the earnings release by another firm in the same industry. It provides indirect evidence (through stock price changes) that the information disclosed about non-announcing firms is significant only when announcing firms convey bad news through their earnings releases and when non-announcing firms are large. This finding provides support to Verrecchia's (1983) theory which predicts that in the presence of disclosure related costs, full revelation of managers' private information (as shown in the Grossman [1981]-Milgrom [1981] world) does not obtain. Instead, managers use discretion in disclosing their private information.

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Fox, Jean-Paul, and Rob R. Meijer. "Using Item Response Theory to Obtain Individual Information From Randomized Response Data: An Application Using Cheating Data." Applied Psychological Measurement 32, no. 8 (April 16, 2008): 595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621607312277.

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31

Shang, Hang Biao, Ying Li, Nai Chun Yu, Yang Jiang, Xiang Hua Xi, Yu De Geng, and Liang Quan. "The Initial Construction of a Information Systems Model Response to the Environment Change." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.1231.

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This paper studies on the modeling of the changes in the external environment impact on information systems based on complexity theory and multi-Agent theory.In order to establish the model system, This paper gives the Multi-Agent System Model to response the changes of the external environment and studies the unit Agent and interface Agent, which can be used to facilitate follow-up simulation. The model and its simulation system of MIS based on complexity thinking can express the situation of the complex MIS clearly and exactly, reveal its inherent laws, and contribute to the understanding of static and dynamic characteristics. The paper not only studied in informatization theory, but also done some exploration in software and computer application technology, enriched the Multi-agent theory in the area of manufacturing and informatization. Therefore, the model and its simulation system proposed by author is significant for both theory and practice.

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32

Plotnitsky, Arkady. "Reality, Indeterminacy, Probability, and Information in Quantum Theory." Entropy 22, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070747.

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Following the view of several leading quantum-information theorists, this paper argues that quantum phenomena, including those exhibiting quantum correlations (one of their most enigmatic features), and quantum mechanics may be best understood in quantum-informational terms. It also argues that this understanding is implicit already in the work of some among the founding figures of quantum mechanics, in particular W. Heisenberg and N. Bohr, half a century before quantum information theory emerged and confirmed, and gave a deeper meaning to, to their insights. These insights, I further argue, still help this understanding, which is the main reason for considering them here. My argument is grounded in a particular interpretation of quantum phenomena and quantum mechanics, in part arising from these insights as well. This interpretation is based on the concept of reality without realism, RWR (which places the reality considered beyond representation or even conception), introduced by this author previously, in turn, following Heisenberg and Bohr, and in response to quantum information theory.

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Thapa, Devinder, Nama Budhathoki, and Bjørn Erik Munkvold. "Analyzing Crisis Response through Actor-Network Theory: The Case of Kathmandu Living Labs." Communications of the Association for Information Systems 41 (2017): 414–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1cais.04119.

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34

Chen, Nan, Xiao Hou, Qin Li, and Yingda Li. "Understanding and Predicting Nonlinear Turbulent Dynamical Systems with Information Theory." Atmosphere 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050248.

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Complex nonlinear turbulent dynamical systems are ubiquitous in many areas. Quantifying the model error and model uncertainty plays an important role in understanding and predicting complex dynamical systems. In the first part of this article, a simple information criterion is developed to assess the model error in imperfect models. This effective information criterion takes into account the information in both the equilibrium statistics and the temporal autocorrelation function, where the latter is written in the form of the spectrum density that permits the quantification via information theory. This information criterion facilitates the study of model reduction, stochastic parameterizations, and intermittent events. In the second part of this article, a new efficient method is developed to improve the computation of the linear response via the Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem (FDT). This new approach makes use of a Gaussian Mixture (GM) to describe the unperturbed probability density function in high dimensions and avoids utilizing Gaussian approximations in computing the statistical response, as is widely used in the quasi-Gaussian (qG) FDT. Testing examples show that this GM FDT outperforms qG FDT in various strong non-Gaussian regimes.

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Guiasu, Silvu. "Maximum Entropy Condition in Queueing Theory: Response." Journal of the Operational Research Society 38, no. 1 (January 1987): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2582531.

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Guiasu, Silvu. "Maximum Entropy Condition in Queueing Theory: Response." Journal of the Operational Research Society 38, no. 1 (January 1987): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1987.16.

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Manzo, Gianluca. "Is rational choice theory still a rational choice of theory? A response to Opp." Social Science Information 52, no. 3 (August 5, 2013): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018413488477.

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Authoritative rational choice theorists continue to argue that wide variants of rational choice theory should be regarded as the best starting-point to formulate theoretical hypotheses on the micro foundations of complex macro-level social dynamics. Building on recent writings on neo-classical rational choice theory, on behavioral economics and on cognitive psychology, the present article challenges this view and argues that: (1) neo-classical rational choice theory is an astonishingly malleable and powerful analytical device whose descriptive accuracy is nevertheless limited to a very specific class of choice settings; (2) the ‘wide’ sociological rational choice theory does not add anything original to the neo-classical framework on a conceptual level and it is also methodologically weaker; (3) at least four alternative action-oriented approaches that reject portrayal of actors as computational devices operating over probability distributions can be used to design sociological explanations that are descriptively accurate at the micro level.

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Trierweiller, Andréa Cristina, Blênio César Severo Peixe, Rafael Tezza, Vera Lúcia Duarte do Valle Pereira, Waldemar Pacheco Jr, Antonio Cezar Bornia, and Dalton Francisco de Andrade. "Measuring organizational effectiveness in information and communication technology companies using item response theory." Work 41 (2012): 2795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0526-2795.

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Alibrandi, Umberto, and Khalid M. Mosalam. "Response Spectrum Code-Conforming PEER PBEE using Stochastic Dynamic Analysis and Information Theory." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 3 (March 2018): 1002–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0013-y.

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Ghahary, Kianoush, Amir Abdollahi, Masoud Rashidinejad, and Mohammad Iman Alizadeh. "Optimal reserve market clearing considering uncertain demand response using information gap decision theory." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 101 (October 2018): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.03.028.

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Majda, Andrew J., and Di Qi. "Improving Prediction Skill of Imperfect Turbulent Models Through Statistical Response and Information Theory." Journal of Nonlinear Science 26, no. 1 (October 6, 2015): 233–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00332-015-9274-5.

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Valecha, Rohit, H. Raghav Rao, Shambhu J. Upadhyaya, and Raj Sharman. "An Activity Theory Approach to Modeling Dispatch-Mediated Emergency Response." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 20 (2019): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00528.

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Moraes, João V. C., Jéssica T. S. Reinaldo, Manuel Ferreira-Junior, Telmo Silva Filho, and Ricardo B. C. Prudêncio. "Evaluating regression algorithms at the instance level using item response theory." Knowledge-Based Systems 240 (March 2022): 108076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2021.108076.

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Fox, Jean-Paul. "Special issue on item response theory in medical studies." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 4 (April 2020): 959–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280220902660.

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Dean, Jodi. "Theory Survey or Survey Theory?" PS: Political Science & Politics 43, no. 02 (April 2010): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510000120.

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Matthew Moore's survey of political theorists in U.S. American colleges and universities is an impressive contribution to political science (Moore 2010). It is the first such survey of political theory as a subfield, the response rate is very high, and the answers to the survey questions provide new information about how political theorists look when compared to political scientists overall. We are roughly the same age, for example, and are slightly more likely to be female. The survey also gives us a picture of political theorists' conditions of employment: about half of us get jobs in the first year upon receiving our Ph.D.s; most of us teach at schools that range from 1,000 to 10,000 students; most of us are not at Ph.D.-granting institutions.

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Liu, Hsiang Chuan, Yen Kuei Yu, and Hsien Chang Tsai. "Item Relational Structure Theory Based on Liu’s Improved Nonparametric IRT Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 1193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.1193.

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In this paper, an extensional item relational structure theory based on the improved nonparametric item response theory is proposed. Item relational structure theory (Takeya, 1991) was developed to detect item relational structures of a group of subjects. The differences of these structures and experts knowledge structures can provide more information for planning remedial instruction, developing instruction materials, or educational researches. In this study, Lius improved nonparametric item response theory ( Liu, 2000, 2013) without the local independence assumption is used to estimate the joint probability of two items, and construct personal item relational structures. A Mathematics example is also provided in this paper to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method

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Zénon, Alexandre. "Eye pupil signals information gain." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1911 (September 18, 2019): 20191593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1593.

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In conditions of constant illumination, the eye pupil diameter indexes the modulation of arousal state and responds to a large breadth of cognitive processes, including mental effort, attention, surprise, decision processes, decision biases, value beliefs, uncertainty, volatility, exploitation/exploration trade-off, or learning rate. Here, I propose an information theoretic framework that has the potential to explain the ensemble of these findings as reflecting pupillary response to information processing. In short, updates of the brain’s internal model, quantified formally as the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence between prior and posterior beliefs, would be the common denominator to all these instances of pupillary dilation to cognition. I show that stimulus presentation leads to pupillary response that is proportional to the amount of information the stimulus carries about itself and to the quantity of information it provides about other task variables. In the context of decision making, pupil dilation in relation to uncertainty is explained by the wandering of the evidence accumulation process, leading to large summed KL divergences. Finally, pupillary response to mental effort and variations in tonic pupil size are also formalized in terms of information theory. On the basis of this framework, I compare pupillary data from past studies to simple information-theoretic simulations of task designs and show good correspondance with data across studies. The present framework has the potential to unify the large set of results reported on pupillary dilation to cognition and to provide a theory to guide future research.

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Vitoratou, Silia, Nora Uglik-Marucha, Chloe Hayes, Mercede Erfanian, Oliver Pearson, and Jane Gregory. "Item Response Theory Investigation of Misophonia Auditory Triggers." Audiology Research 11, no. 4 (October 14, 2021): 567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/audiolres11040051.

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Misophonia is characterised by a low tolerance for day-to-day sounds, causing intense negative affect. This study conducts an in-depth investigation of 35 misophonia triggers. A sample of 613 individuals who identify as experiencing misophonia and 202 individuals from the general population completed self-report measures. Using contemporary psychometric methods, we studied the triggers in terms of internal consistency, stability in time, precision, severity, discrimination ability, and information. Three dimensions of sensitivity were identified, namely, to eating sounds, to nose/throat sounds, and to general environmental sounds. The most informative and discriminative triggers belonged to the eating sounds. Participants identifying with having misophonia had also significantly increased odds to endorse eating sounds as auditory triggers than others. This study highlights the central role of eating sounds in this phenomenon and finds that different triggers are endorsed by those with more severe sound sensitivities than those with low sensitivity.

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Blanchin, Myriam, Alice Guilleux, Jean-Benoit Hardouin, and Véronique Sébille. "Comparison of structural equation modelling, item response theory and Rasch measurement theory-based methods for response shift detection at item level: A simulation study." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 1015–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219884574.

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When assessing change in patient-reported outcomes, the meaning in patients’ self-evaluations of the target construct is likely to change over time. Therefore, methods evaluating longitudinal measurement non-invariance or response shift at item-level were proposed, based on structural equation modelling or on item response theory. Methods coming from Rasch measurement theory could also be valuable. The lack of evaluation of these approaches prevents determining the best strategy to adopt. A simulation study was performed to compare and evaluate the performance of structural equation modelling, item response theory and Rasch measurement theory approaches for item-level response shift detection. Performances of these three methods in different situations were evaluated with the rate of false detection of response shift (when response shift was not simulated) and the rate of correct response shift detection (when response shift was simulated). The Rasch measurement theory-based method performs better than the structural equation modelling and item response theory-based methods when recalibration was simulated. Consequently, the Rasch measurement theory-based approach should be preferred for studies investigating only recalibration response shift at item-level. For structural equation modelling and item response theory, the low rates of reprioritization detection raise issues on the potential different meaning and interpretation of reprioritization at item-level.

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Jessen, Annika, Andrew D. Ho, C. Eduardo Corrales, Bevan Yueh, and Jennifer J. Shin. "Improving Measurement Efficiency of the Inner EAR Scale with Item Response Theory." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 158, no. 6 (March 7, 2018): 1093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599818760528.

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Objectives (1) To assess the 11-item Inner Effectiveness of Auditory Rehabilitation (Inner EAR) instrument with item response theory (IRT). (2) To determine whether the underlying latent ability could also be accurately represented by a subset of the items for use in high-volume clinical scenarios. (3) To determine whether the Inner EAR instrument correlates with pure tone thresholds and word recognition scores. Design IRT evaluation of prospective cohort data. Setting Tertiary care academic ambulatory otolaryngology clinic. Subjects and Methods Modern psychometric methods, including factor analysis and IRT, were used to assess unidimensionality and item properties. Regression methods were used to assess prediction of word recognition and pure tone audiometry scores. Results The Inner EAR scale is unidimensional, and items varied in their location and information. Information parameter estimates ranged from 1.63 to 4.52, with higher values indicating more useful items. The IRT model provided a basis for identifying 2 sets of items with relatively lower information parameters. Item information functions demonstrated which items added insubstantial value over and above other items and were removed in stages, creating a 8- and 3-item Inner EAR scale for more efficient assessment. The 8-item version accurately reflected the underlying construct. All versions correlated moderately with word recognition scores and pure tone averages. Conclusion The 11-, 8-, and 3-item versions of the Inner EAR scale have strong psychometric properties, and there is correlational validity evidence for the observed scores. Modern psychometric methods can help streamline care delivery by maximizing relevant information per item administered.

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