Journal articles: 'Information relaxation'

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Mazgelytė, Eglė, Virginija Rekienė, Edita Dereškevičiūtė, Tomas Petrėnas, Jurgita Songailienė, Algirdas Utkus, Gintaras Chomentauskas, and Dovilė Karčiauskaitė. "Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Relaxation Techniques on Psychological, Physiological, and Biochemical Stress Indicators." Healthcare 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121729.

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Various relaxation techniques could benefit from merging with virtual reality (VR) technologies, as these technologies are easily applicable, involving, and user-friendly. To date, it is unclear which relaxation technique using biofeedback combined with VR technology is the most effective. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of brief VR-based biofeedback-assisted relaxation techniques including electroencephalographic biofeedback, mindfulness-based biofeedback, galvanic skin response biofeedback, and respiratory biofeedback. Forty-three healthy volunteers (age 34.7 ± 7.2 years), comprising 28 (65%) women and 15 (35%) men, were enrolled in the study. All the participants were exposed to four distinct relaxation sessions according to a computer-generated random sequence. The efficacy of relaxation methods was evaluated by examining psychological, physiological, and biochemical stress indicators. All VR-based relaxation techniques reduced salivary steroid hormone (i.e., cortisol, cortisone, and total glucocorticoid) levels and increased galvanic skin response values. Similarly, all interventions led to a significantly reduced subjectively perceived psychological strain level. Three out of the four interventions (i.e., electroencephalographic, respiratory, and galvanic skin response-based biofeedback relaxation sessions) resulted in a decreased self-reported fatigue level. We suggest that newly developed VR-based relaxations techniques are potential tools for stress reduction and might be particularly suitable for individuals who are not capable of adhering to a strict and time-consuming stress management intervention schedule.

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Tripodo, Antonio, Francesco Puosi, Marco Malvaldi, and Dino Leporini. "Mutual Information in Molecular and Macromolecular Systems." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179577.

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The relaxation properties of viscous liquids close to their glass transition (GT) have been widely characterised by the statistical tool of time correlation functions. However, the strong influence of ubiquitous non-linearities calls for new, alternative tools of analysis. In this respect, information theory-based observables and, more specifically, mutual information (MI) are gaining increasing interest. Here, we report on novel, deeper insight provided by MI-based analysis of molecular dynamics simulations of molecular and macromolecular glass-formers on two distinct aspects of transport and relaxation close to GT, namely dynamical heterogeneity (DH) and secondary Johari–Goldstein (JG) relaxation processes. In a model molecular liquid with significant DH, MI reveals two populations of particles organised in clusters having either filamentous or compact globular structures that exhibit different mobility and relaxation properties. In a model polymer melt, MI provides clearer evidence of JG secondary relaxation and sharper insight into its DH. It is found that both DH and MI between the orientation and the displacement of the bonds reach (local) maxima at the time scales of the primary and JG secondary relaxation. This suggests that, in (macro)molecular systems, the mechanistic explanation of both DH and relaxation must involve rotation/translation coupling.

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Sheffield, Richard Phillips. "Information please on post-op relaxation." Nursing Standard 16, no. 19 (January 23, 2002): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.19.31.s54.

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Di Porto, P., S. Di Sabatino, B. Crosignani, and E. DelRe. "Power-Law Relaxation and Cumulative Information." Journal of Statistical Physics 153, no. 3 (September 11, 2013): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-013-0840-7.

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Moon, Young Il, Jae Kap Jung, and Ki Soo Chung. "Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy in Synthetic Rubber Polymers: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 28, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8406059.

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The dielectric permittivity of synthetic rubber polymers, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), with both frequency and temperature variations, was thoroughly investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The spectrum versus frequency of DRS was analyzed with the semiempirical Havriliak–Negami formula and conductivity contribution by employing the newly developed “dispersion analyzer” analysis program. The main dielectric relaxations called the α- and β-processes, associated with the cooperative motion of chains in polymers, were discovered in the low-temperature region. In the high-temperature region, we found Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) relaxation associated with polymer interfacing and normal-mode (α’) relaxation responsible for end-to-end dipole vector motion. The activation energies of schematic molecular chains responsible for the relaxation processes were obtained with the information about its motional mode. The glass transition temperature and dipole moment for the side group were also determined and compared with those from previous studies. In the EPDM specimen, the peaks of α- and β-relaxation merged at high temperature and were separated with decreasing temperature. The first observations of both merging and splitting were consistent with the results on the temperature dependency of the relaxation strength. Both contour mapping and three-dimensional plots for the two rubbers provide visual information for the distribution and mapping of relaxation.

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Brown, Robert J. S. "Information available and unavailable from multiexponential relaxation data." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 82, no. 3 (May 1989): 539–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(89)90217-5.

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Boyce, J. F., J. Feng, and E. R. Haddow. "Relaxation labelling and the entropy of neighbourhood information." Pattern Recognition Letters 6, no. 4 (September 1987): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8655(87)90081-x.

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Duan, Leo L., Alexander L. Young, Akihiko Nishimura, and David B. Dunson. "Bayesian constraint relaxation." Biometrika 107, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asz069.

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Summary Prior information often takes the form of parameter constraints. Bayesian methods include such information through prior distributions having constrained support. By using posterior sampling algorithms, one can quantify uncertainty without relying on asymptotic approximations. However, sharply constrained priors are not necessary in some settings and tend to limit modelling scope to a narrow set of distributions that are tractable computationally. We propose to replace the sharp indicator function of the constraint with an exponential kernel, thereby creating a close-to-constrained neighbourhood within the Euclidean space in which the constrained subspace is embedded. This kernel decays with distance from the constrained space at a rate depending on a relaxation hyperparameter. By avoiding the sharp constraint, we enable use of off-the-shelf posterior sampling algorithms, such as Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, facilitating automatic computation in a broad range of models. We study the constrained and relaxed distributions under multiple settings and theoretically quantify their differences. Application of the method is illustrated through several novel modelling examples.

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Bennett, Gerald, and Mark Millard. "Compliance with Relaxation Training: the Effect of Providing Information." Behavioural Psychotherapy 13, no. 2 (April 1985): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300010065.

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In order to test its effect on compliance with recommended practice of relaxation training, patients in anxiety management training groups were provided with additional information about the procedure and its rationale. After an introductory training session all subjects were provided with audiotaped relaxation instructions to use for three weeks until the second group meeting. Additional information was provided either as an audiotaped message at the end of the relaxation instructions (“Message”) or as a printed leaflet (“Leaflet”). In a 2 × 2 factorial experiment 32 subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) Message, (2) Leaflet, (3) Message and Leaflet, (4) Basic Programme alone. Neither manipulation had an effect on self-reported frequency of practice during the three weeks (which was high), but both increased subjects' knowledge of the treatment and also their satisfaction with it. Subjects receiving the message were significantly less likely to drop out of treatment during the remainder of the 16-weeks group programme. Compliance was predicted by subjects' perceptions of the severity of their condition but not by their knowledge, satisfaction or state anxiety.

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Mokbel, Marcel, Karin Schwarzenberger, Sebastian Aland, and Kerstin Eckert. "Information transmission by Marangoni-driven relaxation oscillations at droplets." Soft Matter 14, no. 45 (2018): 9250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01720d.

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KISH, L. B. "“GRAVITATIONAL MASS” OF INFORMATION?" Fluctuation and Noise Letters 07, no. 04 (December 2007): C51—C68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477507004148.

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We hypothesize possible new types of forces that would be the result of new types of interactions, static and a slow transient, between objects with related information contents (pattern). Such mechanism could make material composition dependence claimed by Fishbach, et al. in Eotvos type experiments plausible. We carried out experiments by using a high-resolution scale with the following memories: USB-2 flash drives (1-16GB), DVD and CD disks to determine if such an interaction exist/detectable with a scale resolution of 10 microgram with these test objects. We applied zero information, white noise and 1/ f noise type data. Due to the non-reproducible changes of static weight of these memories after changing the information in them, we have not been able to clarify the existence of a reproducible static force between the memory and its environment even though the variations of static weight could possibly be the manifestation of the new type of interaction with changing environment. Interaction between two memories containing the same information was not detected at the given weight resolution. The hypothesis of slow transient interaction is more in line with the observations provided the observed effects are not artifacts. Writing or deleting the information in any of these devices causes peculiar negative weight transients, up to milligrams (mass fraction around 10−5), which is followed by various types of relaxation processes. These relaxations have significantly different dynamics compared to transients observed during cooling after stationary external heating. Interestingly, a USB-1 MP3 player has also developed comparable transient mass loss during playing music, even though its information content was not changed, and its power dissipation and warming-up was much less than that of the USB-2 flash drives. A classical interpretation of the negative weight transients could be absorbed water in hygroscopic components, though comparison of relaxation time constants with air humidity data does not support an obvious explanation. Another classical interpretation with certain contribution is the lifting Bernoulli force caused by the circulation due to convection of the warm air. However, in this case all observed time constants with a device should have been the same unless some hidden parameter causes the observed variations. Thus further studies are warranted to clarify if there is indeed a new force, which is showing up as negative mass at weight measurement when high-density structural information is changed or read out (measured). We estimate that, if the information-based interaction is real, the weight of bodies could be reduced and floating engines could be achieved with several orders of magnitude greater data handling capacities than today's values at the same mass.

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Bestuzheva, Ksenia, Hassan Hijazi, and Carleton Coffrin. "Convex Relaxations for Quadratic On/Off Constraints and Applications to Optimal Transmission Switching." INFORMS Journal on Computing 32, no. 3 (July 2020): 682–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2019.0900.

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This paper studies mixed-integer nonlinear programs featuring disjunctive constraints and trigonometric functions and presents a strengthened version of the convex quadratic relaxation of the optimal transmission switching problem. We first characterize the convex hull of univariate quadratic on/off constraints in the space of original variables using perspective functions. We then introduce new tight quadratic relaxations for trigonometric functions featuring variables with asymmetrical bounds. These results are used to further tighten recent convex relaxations introduced for the optimal transmission switching problem in power systems. Using the proposed improvements, along with bound propagation, on 23 medium-sized test cases in the PGLib benchmark library with a relaxation gap of more than 1%, we reduce the gap to less than 1% on five instances. The tightened model has promising computational results when compared with state-of-the-art formulations.

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MAEDA, Yoichiro, Ryosuke ICHII, and Yasutake TAKAHASHI. "Construction of Relaxation Sound Generation System Used Electroencephalogram Information." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 24, no. 5 (2012): 967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.24.967.

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Haugh, Martin B., and Octavio Ruiz Lacedelli. "Information Relaxation Bounds for Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 65, no. 8 (August 2020): 3256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2019.2942528.

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Brown, David B., and Martin B. Haugh. "Information Relaxation Bounds for Infinite Horizon Markov Decision Processes." Operations Research 65, no. 5 (October 2017): 1355–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1631.

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Ye, Fan, and Enlu Zhou. "Information Relaxation and Dual Formulation of Controlled Markov Diffusions." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 60, no. 10 (October 2015): 2676–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2015.2418672.

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Chen, Qin, and J. Y. S. Luh. "Relaxation labeling algorithm for information integration and its convergence." Pattern Recognition 28, no. 11 (November 1995): 1705–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(95)00033-v.

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Borgia, G. C., R. J. S. Brown, P. Fantazzini, E. Mesini, and G. Valdre. "Diffusion-weighted spatial information from1H relaxation in restricted geometries." Il Nuovo Cimento D 14, no. 7 (July 1992): 745–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02451721.

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Finley, Thomas. "Mobilizing the technology storm: app-based stress relief – using free or low-cost apps to beat work and personal stress." Library Hi Tech News 31, no. 6 (August 4, 2014): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-06-2014-0046.

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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to review apps that will enable librarians to take back control of their own mental space and hopefully provide some means to relaxation. Sometimes it is hard to find a soothing space amidst the chaos of the outside world. Our library users turn to the author to provide these spaces in their own lives, but paradoxically, today’s librarian may find little relaxation within their own library’s walls. Design/methodology/approach – The author tests and reviews apps designed to help librarians relax. Findings – The author reviews various different apps designed to help librarians relax. Originality/value – The apps reviewed here will enable librarians to take back control of their own mental space and hopefully, provide some means to relaxation.

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Ejima, Toshiaki, and Masayuki Kimura. "Relaxation operators." Systems and Computers in Japan 17, no. 9 (1986): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690170911.

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Kruscha, K. J. G., and B. Pompe. "Information Flow in 1D Maps." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 43, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1988-0201.

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An information theoretical description is given of the action of 1D maps on probability measures (e.g. on ergodic invariant measures of chaotic maps). On the basis of a detailed analysis of the elements of information flow the problem of optimum measuring of initial states for state predictions is discussed. Moreover, we give an information theoretical description of the relaxation, under the action of a map, of an initial probability distribution to any, not necessarily steady, final distribution. In this connection we formulate an H-theorem for 1D maps.

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Lin, Weixuan, and Eilyan Bitar. "A Convex Information Relaxation for Constrained Decentralized Control Design Problems." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 64, no. 11 (November 2019): 4788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2019.2918124.

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Gavini-Viana, A., A. M. Souza, D. O. Soares-Pinto, J. Teles, R. S. Sarthour, E. R. deAzevedo, T. J. Bonagamba, and I. S. Oliveira. "Normalization procedure for relaxation studies in NMR quantum information processing." Quantum Information Processing 9, no. 5 (December 17, 2009): 575–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11128-009-0158-1.

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Hu, Ju Ju, Qiang Ke, Hai Jiang Hu, and Ying Hua Ji. "Using Exchange Attenuation to Control Non-Disentanglement Quantum Information Transport in Phase Damping Channel." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 1666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1666.

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It is effective to constitute a hybrid qubit system by taking advantages of different types of qubits to overcome the effects of decoherence and achieve quantum information transport. We find that energy relaxation exists in the process of information exchange bewteen the hybrid qubits. Combining this kind of energy relaxation with the decoherence effects from external environment, quantum information transport of non-disentangled effect can be achieved in phase damping channel if the exchange decay rate and decoherence time satisfy certain constraint relations.

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O. da Silva, Emerson, Maria I. B. Tavares, and José S. Nogueira. "Solid State NMR Evaluation of Natural Resin/Clay Nanocomposites." Journal of Nano Research 4 (January 2009): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.4.117.

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NMR nuclear relaxation times have been used by Tavares et al as a methodology to characterize the nano materials, especially nanocomposites, because NMR offers a great variety of relaxation parameters. The spin-lattice relaxation time, with a time constant T1, have been explored to get as much information as possible from the measurements of the spin-lattice proton relaxation (T1H), which can measure the fraction of available polymer/clay interface as well as the dispersion homogeneity of those interfaces actually formed. The spin-lattice has been evaluated since this relaxation time confirms the T1 and can give additional information to nanocomposite clay dispersion. The NMR relaxation times are sensitive to the chemical environmental, changes in the polymer matrix; chemical structure and interaction process, because they depend on the domain distribution and sample homogeneity, since they are measured in the solid state via intermolecular chains interaction and/or spin diffusion. The T1 relaxation time of the nanocomposite decreased very much in relation to the natural resin, according to the increase in the exfoliation clay process, forming a nanocomposite with polymer matrix around the clay lamella.

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Griffin, C. M., G. JM Parker, G. J. Barker, A. J. Thompson, and D. H. Miller. "MTR and T1 provide complementary information in MS NAWM, but not in lesions." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 6, no. 5 (October 2000): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135245850000600506.

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MTR and T1 relaxation times are abnormal in MS lesions and NAWM, and may reflect tissue damage such as demyelination and axonal loss. Their relationship and potential to provide complementary information in tissue characterisation is explored. The aim of this study was to document the relationship between magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) and T1 relaxation time in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in order to determine whether the combination provides a more comprehensive tissue characterisation than either parameter in isolation. Ten patients with relapsing remitting MS and 10 age matched healthy controls underwent imaging using a protocol which included the measurement of both MTR and T1 relaxation times. The MTR and T1 values were compared statistically using a commonly adopted correlation approach and a mixed-model regression approach. There was a strong correlation between MTR and T1 in MS lesions (r=0.74). The correlation was seen equally in T1 hypointense and isointense lesions. The relationship was much weaker in MS NAWM (r=0.24) and no correlation was found in control white matter (r=0.06). Mixed-model regression analysis confirmed that the relationship between T1 and MTR is strongly dependent upon tissue type (MS lesion, MS NAWM, or control white matter). The relationship between MTR and T1 relaxation time measurements varies markedly between pathological and normal tissue types. In MS, the complementary information obtained from MTR and T1 is most apparent in NAWM. The results emphasise the potential for combinations of MR parameters to improve tissue characterisation, which in turn should improve understanding of disease pathology and treatment monitoring.

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Cooper, M., F. Maris, and P. Régnier. "Monotone Temporal Planning: Tractability, Extensions and Applications." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 50 (June 30, 2014): 447–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4358.

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This paper describes a polynomially-solvable class of temporal planning problems. Polynomiality follows from two assumptions. Firstly, by supposing that each sub-goal fluent can be established by at most one action, we can quickly determine which actions are necessary in any plan. Secondly, the monotonicity of sub-goal fluents allows us to express planning as an instance of STP≠ (Simple Temporal Problem with difference constraints). This class includes temporally-expressive problems requiring the concurrent execution of actions, with potential applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical and construction industries. We also show that any (temporal) planning problem has a monotone relaxation which can lead to the polynomial-time detection of its unsolvability in certain cases. Indeed we show that our relaxation is orthogonal to relaxations based on the ignore-deletes approach used in classical planning since it preserves deletes and can also exploit temporal information.

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You, Shingchern D. "Classification of Relaxation and Concentration Mental States with EEG." Information 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12050187.

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In this paper, we study the use of EEG (Electroencephalography) to classify between concentrated and relaxed mental states. In the literature, most EEG recording systems are expensive, medical-graded devices. The expensive devices limit the availability in a consumer market. The EEG signals are obtained from a toy-grade EEG device with one channel of output data. The experiments are conducted in two runs, with 7 and 10 subjects, respectively. Each subject is asked to silently recite a five-digit number backwards given by the tester. The recorded EEG signals are converted to time-frequency representations by the software accompanying the device. A simple average is used to aggregate multiple spectral components into EEG bands, such as α, β, and γ bands. The chosen classifiers are SVM (support vector machine) and multi-layer feedforward network trained individually for each subject. Experimental results show that features, with α+β+γ bands and bandwidth 4 Hz, the average accuracy over all subjects in both runs can reach more than 80% and some subjects up to 90+% with the SVM classifier. The results suggest that a brain machine interface could be implemented based on the mental states of the user even with the use of a cheap EEG device.

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Saab, Samer, Mohammad Al Abbas, Rola Najib Samaha, Rayana Jaafar, Khaled Kamal Saab, and Samer Said Saab Jr. "Setting the boundaries of COVID-19 lockdown relaxation measures." Library Hi Tech 39, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 873–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-03-2021-0095.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a simple deterministic model that quantifies previously adopted preventive measures driven by the trend of the reported number of deaths in both Italy and India. In addition, the authors forecast the spread based on some selected quantified preventive measures. The optimal exiting policy is derived using the inverse dynamics of the model. Furthermore, the model developed by the authors is dependent on the daily number of deaths; as such, it is sensitive to the death rate but remains insensitive to trends in deaths.Design/methodology/approachIn the wake of COVID-19, policymakers and health professionals realized the limitations and shortcomings of current healthcare systems and pandemic response policies. The need to revise global and national pandemic response mechanisms has been thrust into the public spotlight. To this end, the authors devise an approach to identify the most suitable governmental non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) policies, previously adopted in a community, country or region that serve as the foundation for most pandemic strategies.FindingsLeveraging Italy, the authors compare the aftermath by considering three scenarios: (a) recently adopted preventive measures, (b) strictest preventive measures previously adopted, and (c) the optimal exiting policy. In comparison to the second scenario, the authors estimate about twice the number of recoveries and deaths within five months under the first scenario and about 80 times more under the optimal scenario. Whereas in India, the authors applied one scenario of recently adopted preventative measures to showcase the rapid turnaround of their model. According to the new timeline, almost 90% of all deaths in India could have been prevented if the policies implemented in April 2021 were put in place three months prior, i.e. in January 2021.Originality/valueThe novelty of the proposed approach is in the use of inverse dynamics of a simple deterministic model that allows capturing the trend of contact rate as a function of adopted NPIs, regardless of pandemic type.

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Okandeji, Alexander Akpofure. "Multicast Beamforming for SWIPT in MISO Full-Duplex Systems." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 16, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v16i1.4.

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This paper considers the multicast transmit beamforming and receive power splitting problem for sum transmit power minimization for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system subject to signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), and energy harvesting constraints at the receiver. In particular, we consider the case of perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the base station. Using semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, we obtain solution to the problem with imperfect channel state information of the self-interfering channels. Keywords: Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, channel state information, Energy harvesting, semidefinite relaxation.

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Cao, Huiyi, Yingkai Song, and Kamil A. Khan. "Convergence of Subtangent-Based Relaxations of Nonlinear Programs." Processes 7, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7040221.

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Convex relaxations of functions are used to provide bounding information to deterministic global optimization methods for nonconvex systems. To be useful, these relaxations must converge rapidly to the original system as the considered domain shrinks. This article examines the convergence rates of convex outer approximations for functions and nonlinear programs (NLPs), constructed using affine subtangents of an existing convex relaxation scheme. It is shown that these outer approximations inherit rapid second-order pointwise convergence from the original scheme under certain assumptions. To support this analysis, the notion of second-order pointwise convergence is extended to constrained optimization problems, and general sufficient conditions for guaranteeing this convergence are developed. The implications are discussed. An implementation of subtangent-based relaxations of NLPs in Julia is discussed and is applied to example problems for illustration.

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TSAO, YUAN-YING, and BANU ONARAL. "FRACTAL RELAXATION SYSTEMS. Part II: Distribution of Relaxation Times." International Journal of General Systems 19, no. 2 (September 1991): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081079108935168.

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Li, Deguang, Yongxin Zhang, Shijie Jia, Dong Liu, Yanling Jin, and Yuansheng Wu. "A Bit Torrent Traffic Optimization Method for Enhancing the Stability of Network Traffic." Information 10, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10120361.

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With the extensive use of peer-to-peer applications in recent years, the network traffic becomes more dynamic and less predictable, which leads to the decline of network resource utilization and the degradation of network performance. Aiming towards the above problems, we explore how to strengthen the cooperation between peer-to-peer applications and networks, making the application adjust its own traffic mode according to current network traffic status to enhance the stability of network traffic. We improve two key algorithms of peer selection and choking/unchoking in the protocol and introduce traffic relaxation to characterize traffic state while taking the current most popular peer-to-peer application (bit torrent protocol) as an example. In our improved method, peers are selected probabilistically according their traffic relaxation, and the double-parameter selection problem that simultaneously considers the traffic relaxation and transfer rate of peers is also solved. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments in two real network typologies with real traffic matrix data and different sizes of bit torrent swarms; the experimental results show that our method can significantly improve the stability of the network traffic without sacrificing or even improving the performance of the bit torrent protocol when compared with original BT protocol.

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Zlokazova, T., and A. Kuznetsova. "Age-related differences in the use of relaxation techniques during intensive professional training." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S729—S730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1932.

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IntroductionIntensive professional training is widely used in modern organizations, as it helps employees adapt to dynamic work and technology changes (Noe, 2010; Patrick, 2000). Relaxation techniques may reduce the negative effects of intense learning processes (i.e. fatigue, anxiety and stress). They can also enhance the productivity of the training itself by helping to achieve optimal states for the completion of learning goals.ObjectivesOur study concerns differences in mastering relaxation techniques by employees of younger and middle-age groups during intensive professional training.MethodsSample - 62 employees, participants of communication training. The 15-min session of progressive relaxation combined with autogenic formulae was conducted after 5 hours of intensive training. Measures: standard psychological and physiological functional state tests (Leonova & Kapitsa, 2003); an information perception task.ResultsThe efficiency of the relaxation techniques varied between different age groups: younger participants (aged 20-30) were more successful in managing both tasks – learning new relaxation skills and achieving deeper rest (including more apparent positive physiological effects). They were also more prepared for completing the information perception task (they made less mistakes). Older participants (aged 30-50) experienced more difficulties with the new relaxation skills and used relaxation primarily to restore their psychophysiological resources, rather than to prepare for the upcoming training task.ConclusionsThe results showed that relaxation techniques provide a system optimization effect on the participants of intensive training programs, though participants’ individual differences (ie age, length of service) should be taken into account when planning the outcomes of such interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Lin, Xiaoqing, Haolin Zhan, Hong Li, Yuqing Huang, and Zhong Chen. "NMR Relaxation Measurements on Complex Samples Based on Real-Time Pure Shift Techniques." Molecules 25, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030473.

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Longitudinal spin-lattice relaxation (T1) and transverse spin-spin relaxation (T2) reveal valuable information for studying molecular dynamics in NMR applications. Accurate relaxation measurements from conventional 1D proton spectra are generally subject to challenges of spectral congestion caused by J coupling splittings and spectral line broadenings due to magnetic field inhomogeneity. Here, we present an NMR relaxation method based on real-time pure shift techniques to overcome these two challenges and achieve accurate measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times from complex samples that contain crowded NMR resonances even under inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Both theoretical analyses and detailed experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and ability of the proposed method for accurate relaxation measurements on complex samples and its practicability to non-ideal magnetic field conditions.

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Nakatsu, Kanji, and Jack Diamond. "Role of cGMP in relaxation of vascular and other smooth muscle." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-042.

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The hypothesis that the relaxant action of many drugs on vascular and other smooth muscle is mediated by increases in intracellular cGMP, the "cGMP hypothesis," is gaining wide acceptance. While much information supporting this idea can be found in the literature, there is also a significant amount of information indicating that an elevation in the tissue content of cGMP is by itself insufficient to cause smooth muscle relaxation. The literature is reviewed with reference to the criteria that need to be fulfilled to consider cGMP as the second messenger mediating relaxation of smooth muscle by a drug; i.e., activation of guanylate cyclase, elevation of tissue content of cGMP, potentiation by phosphodiesterase inhibitors, antagonism by inhibitors of cGMP synthesis, and production of relaxation by cGMP analogues. For each criterion, key observations supporting the hypothesis are considered, followed by examples of important observations not consistent with the hypothesis. It is concluded that in some smooth muscles, for example, rat myometrium and vas deferens, cGMP is not a mediator of drug-induced relaxation. In other smooth muscles, including vascular smooth muscle, cGMP appears to play an important role in the relaxation process; but current evidence suggests that other factors are also important and that the cGMP hypothesis may need to be modified.Key words: cGMP, vascular relaxation, smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilators.

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Schockaert, Steven, and Henri Prade. "An Inconsistency-Tolerant Approach to Information Merging Based on Proposition Relaxation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 1 (July 3, 2010): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7583.

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Inconsistencies between different information sources may arise because of statements that are inaccurate, albeit not completely false. In such scenarios, the most natural way to restore consistency is often to interpret assertions in a more flexible way, i.e. to enlarge (or relax) their meaning. As this process inherently requires extra-logical information about the meaning of atoms, extensions of classical merging operators are needed. In this paper, we introduce syntactic merging operators, based on possibilistic logic, which employ background knowledge about the similarity of atomic propositions to appropriately relax propositional statements.

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Jiang, Daniel R., Lina Al-Kanj, and Warren B. Powell. "Optimistic Monte Carlo Tree Search with Sampled Information Relaxation Dual Bounds." Operations Research 68, no. 6 (November 2020): 1678–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1939.

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In the paper, “Optimistic Monte Carlo Tree Search with Sampled Information Relaxation Dual Bounds,” the authors propose an extension to Monte Carlo tree search that uses the idea of “sampling the future” to produce noisy upper bounds on nodes in the decision tree. These upper bounds can help guide the tree expansion process and produce decision trees that are deeper rather than wider, in effect concentrating computation toward more useful parts of the state space. The algorithm’s effectiveness is illustrated in a ride-sharing setting, where a driver/vehicle needs to make dynamic decisions regarding trip acceptance and relocations.

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Hamouda, Ajmi BH, Alberto Pimpinelli, and T. L. Einstein. "Relaxation of terrace-width distributions: Physical information from Fokker–Planck time." Surface Science 602, no. 23 (December 2008): 3569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2008.09.041.

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Dekrajangpetch, Somgiat, and Gerald B. Sheblé. "Bidding information to generate bidding strategies for LaGrangian relaxation-based auctions." Electric Power Systems Research 52, no. 1 (October 1999): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7796(99)00003-6.

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Bodor, Andrea, István Bányai, Jozef Kowalewski, and Julius Glaser. "Thallium(III) coordination compounds: chemical information from205Tl NMR longitudinal relaxation times." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 40, no. 11 (September 27, 2002): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1077.

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Jia, Zijian, and Can Liang. "Molecular Dynamics and Chain Length of Edible Oil Using Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance." Molecules 28, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010197.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques are widely used to identify pure substances and probe protein dynamics. Edible oil is a complex mixture composed of hydrocarbons, which have a wide range of molecular size distribution. In this research, low-field NMR (LF-NMR) relaxation characteristic data from various sample oils were analyzed. We also suggest a new method for predicting the size of edible oil molecules using LF-NMR relaxation time. According to the relative molecular mass, the carbon chain length and the transverse relaxation time of different sample oils, combined with oil viscosity and other factors, the relationship between carbon chain length and transverse relaxation time rate was analyzed. Various oils and fats in the mixed fluid were displayed, reflecting the composition information of different oils. We further studied the correlation between the rotation correlation time and the molecular information of oil molecules. The molecular composition of the resulting fluid determines its properties, such as viscosity and phase behavior. The results show that low-field NMR can obtain information on the composition, macromolecular aggregation and molecular dynamics of complex fluids. The measurements of grease in the free-fluid state show that the relaxation time can reflect the intrinsic properties of the fluid. It is shown that the composition characteristics and states of complex fluids can be measured using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance.

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Grunewald, Elliot, and Rosemary Knight. "A laboratory study of NMR relaxation times in unconsolidated heterogeneous sediments." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 4 (July 2011): G73—G83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3581094.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation-time measurements can provide critical information about the physiochemical properties of water-saturated media and are used often to characterize geologic materials. In unconsolidated sediments, the link between measured relaxation times and pore-scale properties can be complicated when diffusing water molecules couple the relaxation response of heterogeneous regions within a well-connected pore space. Controlled laboratory experiments have allowed us to investigate what factors control the extent of diffusional coupling in unconsolidated sediments and what information is conveyed by the relaxation-time distribution under varied conditions. A range of sediment samples exhibiting heterogeneity in the form of a bimodal mineralogy of quartz and hematite were mixed with varied mineral concentration and grain size. NMR relaxation measurements and geometric analysis of these mixtures demonstrate the importance of two critical length scales controlling the relaxation response: the diffusion length ℓD, describing the distance a water molecule diffuses during the NMR measurement, and the separation length ℓS, describing the scale at which heterogeneity occurs. For the condition of ℓS > ℓD, which prevails for samples with low hematite concentrations and coarser grain size, coupling is weak and the bimodal relaxation-time distribution independently reflects the relaxation properties of the two mineral constituents in the heterogeneous mixtures. For the condition of ℓS < ℓD, which prevails at higher hematite concentrations and finer grain size, the relaxation-time distribution no longer reflects the presence of a bimodal mineralogy but instead conveys a more complex averaging of the heterogeneous relaxation environments. This study has shown the potential extent and influence of diffusional coupling in unconsolidated heterogeneous sediments, and can serve to inform the interpretation of NMR measurements in near-surface environments where unconsolidated sediments are commonly encountered.

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Jalden, Joakim, and BjÖrn Ottersten. "The Diversity Order of the Semidefinite Relaxation Detector." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 54, no. 4 (April 2008): 1406–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2008.917634.

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Wang, Jingjing, Zhonghua Liu, Wenpeng Lu, and Kaibing Zhang. "Discriminative Label Relaxed Regression with Adaptive Graph Learning." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2020 (December 12, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852137.

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The traditional label relaxation regression (LRR) algorithm directly fits the original data without considering the local structure information of the data. While the label relaxation regression algorithm of graph regularization takes into account the local geometric information, the performance of the algorithm depends largely on the construction of graph. However, the traditional graph structures have two defects. First of all, it is largely influenced by the parameter values. Second, it relies on the original data when constructing the weight matrix, which usually contains a lot of noise. This makes the constructed graph to be often not optimal, which affects the subsequent work. Therefore, a discriminative label relaxation regression algorithm based on adaptive graph (DLRR_AG) is proposed for feature extraction. DLRR_AG combines manifold learning with label relaxation regression by constructing adaptive weight graph, which can well overcome the problem of label overfitting. Based on a large number of experiments, it can be proved that the proposed method is effective and feasible.

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PESCI, ALESSANDRO. "A NOTE ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE UNIVERSAL RELAXATION BOUND AND THE COVARIANT ENTROPY BOUND." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 05 (May 2009): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809014789.

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A recently formulated universal lower bound to the characteristic relaxation times of perturbed thermodynamic systems, derived from quantum information theory and (classical) thermodynamics and known to be saturated for (certain) black holes, is investigated in the light of the gravity–thermodynamics connection. A statistical-mechanical property, unrelated to gravity, essential for the validity of the generalized covariant entropy bound, namely the existence of a lower-limiting value l* for the size of thermodynamic systems, is found to provide a way to understand this universal relaxation bound, thus regardless of the kind of foundations (i.e. whether conventional or information-based) of the statistical-mechanical description. As a by-product an example of a conventional system (i.e. not a black hole) seemingly saturating the universal relaxation bound is provided.

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ROTBARD, OREN, H. B. MITCHELL, and D. D. ESTRAKH. "POINT MATCHING WITH A "SOFT" RELAXATION ALGORITHM." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 08, no. 04 (August 2000): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488500000320.

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Point-matching involves the matching of pairs of points from two sets of partially correlated points. It is an important task which is used in many different areas of signal processing. Although it is possible to perform point-matching using a brute-force algorithm, the high computational complexity makes it unfeasible even for a moderate number of points. In these circumstances an iterative relaxation algorithm is widely used. The traditional relaxation algorithm works well as long as the number of points in one set which do not have a corresponding pair in the second set is small and the positions of all the points are accurately known. When these conditions do not hold, the performance of the relaxation algorithm is substantially reduced. In this paper we formulate a "soft" relaxation algorithm using the concept of fuzzy linguistic quantifiers. The performance of the new relaxation algorithm is found to consistently exceed that of the traditional relaxation algorithm.

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Eason, Robert L., Jeffrey E. Brandon, Theresa L. Smith, and Denise C. Serpas. "Relaxation Training Effects on Reaction/Response Time, Frontalis EMG, and Behavioral Measures of Relaxation With Hyperactive Males." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.3.4.329.

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The purposes of this study were to determine if three medically diagnosed hyperactive males could be taught to relax using a modified version of Behavioral Relaxation Training (BRT), as confirmed by frontalis electromyographic (EMG) data and by Poppen’s Behavioral Relaxation Scale (BRS), and to determine if a relaxed state is more optimal for performing attention-demanding motor tasks. After obtaining baseline data for relaxation and reaction/response time variables, subjects received six to eight sessions of BRT, followed by posttesting and a 1-month follow-up. Results indicated large reductions in BRS scores, EMG reductions in two of the three subjects, and reductions in reaction/response time. The results supported the use of relaxation training for facilitating information processing.

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Zeng, Xiaoxian, George A. McMechan, and Tong Xu. "Synthesis of amplitude‐versus‐offset variations in ground‐penetrating radar data." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 1 (January 2000): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444702.

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To evaluate the importance of amplitude‐versus‐offset information in the interpretation of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data, GPR reflections are synthesized as a function of antenna separation using a 2.5-D finite‐difference solution of Maxwell’s equations. The conductivity, the complex dielectric permittivity, and the complex magnetic permeability are varied systematically in nine suites of horizontally layered models. The source used is a horizontal transverse‐electric dipole situated at the air‐earth interface. Cole‐Cole relaxation mechanisms define the frequency dependence of the media. Reflection magnitudes and their variations with antenna separation differ substantially, depending on the contrast in electromagnetic properties that caused the reflection. The spectral character of the dielectric and magnetic relaxations produces only second‐order variations in reflection coefficients compared with those associated with contrasts in permittivity, conductivity, and permeability, so they may not be separable even when they are detected. In typical earth materials, attenuation of propagating GPR waves is influenced most strongly by conductivity, followed by dielectric relaxation, followed by magnetic relaxation. A pervasive feature of the simulated responses is a locally high amplitude associated with the critical incident angle at the air‐earth interface in the antenna radiation pattern. Full wavefield simulations of two field data sets from a fluvial/eolian environment are able to reproduce the main amplitude behaviors observed in the data.

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Cheetham, NWH, and K. Lam. "Hydration Studies of Carbohydrates. IV. N.M.R. Studies of Carbohydrate Hydration." Australian Journal of Chemistry 49, no. 3 (1996): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9960365.

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Measurement of water oxygen-17 relaxation times has been used to provide information about the hydration behaviour of some carbohydrates in aqueous solution. While a solvent water molecule is 'bound' to the solute, its reduced rotation is reflected in the solvent n.m.r. relaxation. The experimental data are consistent with a fast-exchange two-state model of carbohydrate hydration Such a model allows calculation of the activation energies for the molecular processes involved in spin relaxation of bound water. The activation energies provide information about the specific hydration properties of individual sugars. Dynamic hydration numbers of five aldohexoses and two methyl glucopyranosides have been determined. These hydration numbers correlate well with hydration parameters derived from a number of techniques. Overall, the results provide additional support for a stereospecific model of monosaccharide hydration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Information relaxation'

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