Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Information processing'
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Chater, Nick. "Information and information processing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23789.
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Ferrigno, Andrea Ann. "Processing information." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2491.
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Graf, Erik. "Human information processing based information retrieval." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5188/.
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This work focused on the investigation of the question how the concept of relevance in Information Retrieval can be validated. The work is motivated by the consistent difficulties of defining the meaning of the concept, and by advances in the field of cognitive science. Analytical and empirical investigations are carried out with the aim of devising a principled approach to the validation of the concept. The foundation for this work was set by interpreting relevance as a phenomenon occurring within the context of two systems: An IR system and the cognitive processing system of the user. In light of the cognitive interpretation of relevance, an analysis of the learnt lessons in cognitive science with regard to the validation of cognitive phenomena was conducted. It identified that construct validity constitutes the dominant approach to the validation of constructs in cognitive science. Construct validity constitutes a proposal for the conduction of validation in scenarios, where no direct observation of a phenomenon is possible. With regard to the limitations on direct observation of a construct (i.e. a postulated theoretic concept), it bases validation on the evaluation of its relations to other constructs. Based on the interpretation of relevance as a product of cognitive processing it was concluded, that the limitations with regard to direct observation apply to its investigation. The evaluation of its applicability to an IR context, focused on the exploration of the nomological network methodology. A nomological network constitutes an analytically constructed set of constructs and their relations. The construction of such a network forms the basis for establishing construct validity through investigation of the relations between constructs. An analysis focused on contemporary insights to the nomological network methodology identified two important aspects with regard to its application in IR. The first aspect is given by a choice of context and the identification of a pool of candidate constructs for the inclusion in the network. The second consists of identifying criteria for the selection of a set of constructs from the candidate pool. The identification of the pertinent constructs for the network was based on a review of the principles of cognitive exploration, and an analysis of the state of the art in text based discourse processing and reasoning. On that basis, a listing of known sub-processes contributing to the pertinent cognitive processing was presented. Based on the identification of a large number of potential candidates, the next step consisted of the inference of criteria for the selection of an initial set of constructs for the network. The investigation of these criteria focused on the consideration of pragmatic and meta-theoretical aspects. Based on a survey of experimental means in cognitive science and IR, five pragmatic criteria for the selection of constructs were presented. Consideration of meta-theoretically motivated criteria required to investigate what the specific challenges with regard to the validation of highly abstract constructs are. This question was explored based on the underlying considerations of the Information Processing paradigm and Newell’s (1994) cognitive bands. This led to the identification of a set of three meta-theoretical criteria for the selection of constructs. Based on the criteria and the demarcated candidate pool, an IR focused nomological network was defined. The network consists of the constructs of relevance and type and grade of word relatedness. A necessary prerequisite for making inferences based on a nomological network consists of the availability of validated measurement instruments for the constructs. To that cause, two validation studies targeting the measurement of the type and grade of relations between words were conducted. The clarification of the question of the validity of the measurement instruments enabled the application of the nomological network. A first step of the application consisted of testing if the constructs in the network are related to each other. Based on the alignment of measurements of relevance and the word related constructs it was concluded to be true. The relation between the constructs was characterized by varying the word related constructs over a large parameter space and observing the effect of this variation on relevance. Three hypotheses relating to different aspects of the relations between the word related constructs and relevance. It was concluded, that the conclusive confirmation of the hypotheses requires an extension of the experimental means underlying the study. Based on converging observations from the empirical investigation of the three hypotheses it was concluded, that semantic and associative relations distinctly differ with regard to their impact on relevance estimation.
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Muller, Lynn F. "Alternative Information Processing Formats for Overcoming Information Processing Deficits in Senior Adults." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2672/.
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The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of alternative advertising presentation formats, and the quantity of information presented in advertisements in overcoming possible information-processing deficits in senior adults that could affect their recall of ad attributes and brand name, the cognitive responses generated, and attitude toward the ad. In addition, the study examined the effectiveness of retirement status as a classification or segmentation variable in comparison with the use of the more traditional classification variable, chronological age. A convenience sample of senior adult volunteers from church groups, social clubs, and civic organizations from the local area were randomly assigned to one of nine experimental conditions. The experiment utilized a simulated magazine to test the effects of presentation formats (3 levels), and quantity of information (3 levels) on senior adult's recall, cognitive responses and attitude toward the test ads. Covariates (gender, wealth, education, activity level, health, and income) were used to reduce variance. The findings clearly indicate that the presentation format of the can ad adversely affected the memory of some senior adults. In addition, the results were significantly different across the different age levels. Retirement status was less beneficial than chronological age in the current study, but did reveal a marginally significant difference between seniors due to the number of attributes contained in the test ads. The implication of findings for advertisers and those who design marketing communications for seniors are numerous, and relate to the marketer's communication goals. Senior adults may prefer print media, but the inappropriate use of presentation format and the number of product attributes in the ads could have an adverse and significant impact when communicating with senior adults. Recognition of the information-processing differences of senior adults would result in more effective marketing communications for this rapidly growing and important segment of our society.
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Frost, Robert E. III. "Uncertainty and Information Processing." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1120.
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The purpose of these two studies was to examine two factors that may influence the effects of uncertainty on information processing. The first factor is the positioning of uncertainty relative to a target of judgment, and how this affects people’s judgment processing. The second factor had to do with the degree to which uncertainty signals active goal conflict or not. In the first study, 145 participants with a mean age of 19.51 were induced with uncertainty either before or after information about the target accused of illegal behavior. The results demonstrated that uncertainty before information produced higher guilt judgments of the target and uncertainty after information produced lower guilt judgments towards the target, but only in a subset of conditions. The second study, with 121 participants and a mean age was 19.58, primed participants with one of two different goals. It then induced uncertainty threat which either was or was not relevant to the primed goal, and asked participants to make judgments based on information given about the target as in Study 1. The results revealed that for women, but not for men, uncertainty threat produced stronger guilt judgments when the uncertainty was relevant to the primed goal. Together, these results indicate that both the positioning and goal relevance of uncertainty may impact its effect on information processing.
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Hutton, Alexander. "Networked quantum information processing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403741.
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De, Vere Pauline Mary. "Information processing and number." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3492.
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A previous study suggested that children use their own informal problem solving methods; based on counting procedures or mental calculation. Children’s counting skills and aspects of memory in relation to their ability to complete addition and subtraction problems were examined across a wide age range. The results showed that subjects with good mathematical ability had well developed schema about number and applied this in abstract processing of information when solving problems. Subjects with poor mathematical ability had little understanding of number, only procedural knowledge and used concrete counting procedures in problem solving to find an answer. Children’s information processing skills are discussed in terms of memory, schema theory and the role of self concept in controlling mental processes. A remedial teaching programme based on developing abstract information processing skills was trialled over a six week period with some success. The need for implementation of research findings into classroom programmes is advocated.
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Campbell, Robert David James. "Information processing in microtubules." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
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Le, Jeannic Hanna. "Optical Hybrid Quantum Information processing." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066596/document.
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Approche hybride du traitement quantique de l'information La dualité onde-particule a conduit à deux façons d'encoder l'information quantique, les approches continues et discrètes. L'approche hybride a récemment émergé, et consiste à utiliser les concepts et boites à outils des deux approches, afin de venir à bout des limitations intrinsèques à chaque champ. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous allons dans une première partie utiliser des protocoles hybrides de façon à générer des états quantiques non-gaussiens de la lumière. A l'aide d'oscillateurs paramétriques optiques, et de détecteur de photons supraconducteurs, nous pouvons générer des photons uniques extrêmement purs très efficacement, ainsi que des états chats de Schrödinger, qui permettent d'encoder l'information en variables continues. Nous montrons également en quoi des opérations de variables continues peuvent aider cette génération. La méthode utilisée, basée sur la génération " d'états-noyaux " rend en outre ces états plus robustes à la décohérence. Dans une seconde partie, dans le contexte d'un réseau hétérogène, basé sur différents encodages, relier de façon quantique les deux mondes, nécessite l'existence d'intrication hybride de la lumière. Nous introduisons la notion d'intrication hybride, entre des états continus et discrets, et nous en montrons une première application qui est la génération à distance de bit quantique continu. Nous implémentons ainsi également une plateforme polyvalente permettant la génération d'états " micro-macro " intriquésIn quantum information science and technology, two traditionally-separated ways of encoding information coexist -the continuous and the discrete approaches, resulting from the wave-particle duality of light. The first one is based on quadrature components, while the second one involves single photons. The recent optical hybrid approach aims at using both discrete and continuous concepts and toolboxes to overcome the intrinsic limitations of each field. In this PhD work, first, we use hybrid protocols in order to realize the quantum state engineering of various non-Gaussian states of light. Based on optical parametric oscillators and highly-efficient superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors, we demonstrate the realization of a high-brightness single-photon source and the quantum state engineering of large optical Schrödinger cat states, which can be used as a continuous-variable qubit. We show how continuous-variable operations such as squeezing can help in this generation. This method based on so-called core states also enables to generate cat states that are more robust to decoherence. Second, in the context of heterogeneous networks based on both encodings, bridging the two worlds by a quantum link requires hybrid entanglement of light. We introduce optical hybrid entanglement between qubits and qutrits of continuous and discrete types, and demonstrate as a first application the remote state preparation of continuous-variable qubits. Our experiment is also a versatile platform to study squeezing-induced micro-macro entanglement
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Rick, John Thomas. "Frequency, plasticity and information processing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59069.pdf.
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Brand, Arie Nicolaas. "Memory, information processing and depression." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1987. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5363.
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Stanners, Sharon Lisa. "Nonconscious processing of numerical information /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1990. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9022959.
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Potter, Duncan J. "Phase-only optical information processing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/845.
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Historically, much scientific work has been performed with two optical systems - the telescope and the microscope. Although Galileo was probably not the first to invent the refracting telescope, his rapid development of the instrument from 1609 results in his association as the father of the telescope today. Certainly he was the first human to view the giant moons of the planet Jupiter - Io, Ganymede, Callisto and Europa - and thus dare to venture our world was not the centre of the universe, and save our race from another thousand years of mysticism. A year later, in 1610, Galileo invented the microscope and this led to the new field of science called 'microscopy' to open up the previously unsuspected world of the ultra small. Tiny life forms no larger than a pinhead were revealed, and with instrumental improvements by later scientists the existance of bacteria proven. This discovery prompted the sterilisation of surgical equipment taken for granted today, saving countless millions of lives since then through freedom from bacterial infection. It is beyond doubt that the new world opened by the invention of the microscope inspired the scientists of that time to seek yet greater magnification and sharper images, to delve deeper into this tiny world. Yet technical improvement in the design of the microscope wase hampered by the lack of a proper theory of image formation. Not until the late nineteenth century, when ABBE and RAYLEIGH provided the foundations of the present day diffraction theory of imaging was the microcope properly understood. The work of this thesis has its roots in the developments of the early twentieth century microscopists. For many years they had observed tiny, transparent organisms and sought ways to improve the visibility of these creatures so that their nature might better be understood. The problem was solved by F.Zernike in 1935 (1, 425 for ref.) when he considered the way the organisms altered the phase of the illuminating light field. By the correct positioning of a thin phase-plate in the back focal plane of the microscope lens, Zernike demonstrated that optical thickness variations of the organism may be rendered visible as intensity variations. In this thesis , the light distribution in the back focal plane of such a lens that results from a transparent object is analysed in detail. From the expression derived by Zernike to explain the operating principle of his invention, we evaluate alternative formulations of the problem and proceed to a full analytical expression for the light field . Though mathematically awkward, it is shown the expression is not unworkable and several useful results are derived. In place of a microscope the study is based on imaging in a modern image processing bench, the physical principles involved being identical. Zernike introduced the idea of image modification through the use of a basic form of phase filter. The second half of this thesis develops this idea to show the use of much more intricate phase filters, which may be used to 'recognise' particular objects. Filter design is followed by experimental results on a special type of phase object, the programmeable Spatial Light Modulator.
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Town, Christopher Phillip. "Ontology based visual information processing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614908.
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Nevo, Yuval. "Information selection in intelligence processing." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10660.
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In many intelligence agencies, the processing of data into usable information ready for analysis poses a significant bottleneck. Typically, much more data is available than what can be processed in the limited time available for processing. We formulate the problem faced by an intelligence collection unit, when processing incoming raw information for delivery to intelligence analysts, as an exploration-exploitation problem: the processor has to choose between exploring for new sources of relevant information and exploiting known sources. To address the exploration-exploitation problem, we develop a mathematical model of the processor's knowledge and examine algorithms that allow the processor to maximize the discovery of relevant data given a time limit. We derive insights on the performance of different algorithms using a simulated case study.
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Magee, Rhona. "Anxiety : an information processing perspective." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260674.
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Hale, Gregory (Gregory John). "Timing and hippocampal information processing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100872.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-100).
Timing is a key component in hippocampal encoding of space. I will discuss three lines of work related to this theme. First, I will describe the fine-timescale characteristics of single neurons in hippocampal subregion CAl, where theta oscillations organize groups of neurons into orderly sequences. While theta was once thought to be synchronized throughout CAl, it was recently shown instead to be offset in time along the long axis of the hippocampus. Considering distant pairs of neurons, our fundamental sequence spiking property may instead be systematically staggered by these offsets in the rhythms that pace them. I tested the impact of theta wave time offsets by recording place cell spike sequences from groups of neurons in distant parts of CAl, and found that place cell sequences more closely coordinate with each other than the underlying theta oscillations do. In regions that differ from one another by 13 milliseconds of theta delay, place cell sequences are typically aligned to within 5 milliseconds. This raises the possibility that theta wave offsets serve another purpose, perhaps timing the communication with brain areas connected to different parts of CAl, while compensatory mechanisms are in place to preserve the fine temporal alignment of place cell spatial information. Second, I will describe a tool for closed-loop experiments using information decoded from hippocampal ensembles. Place cell activity is typically extracted and analyzed only after an experiment has ended. But interrogating the timing of hippocampal information, enhancing or interfering with it, requires decoding that information immediately. I will discuss some of the difficulties and the eventual implementation of a system capable of sequence time-scale position decoding and then survey the future experimental applications.
by Gregory Hale.
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Reina, Estupin̄án John-Henry. "Quantum information processing in nanostructures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6375c7c4-ecf6-4e88-a0f5-ff7493393d37.
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Since information has been regarded as a physical entity, the field of quantum information theory has blossomed. This brings novel applications, such as quantum computation. This field has attracted the attention of numerous researchers with backgrounds ranging from computer science, mathematics and engineering, to the physical sciences. Thus, we now have an interdisciplinary field where great efforts are being made in order to build devices that should allow for the processing of information at a quantum level, and also in the understanding of the complex structure of some physical processes at a more basic level. This thesis is devoted to the theoretical study of structures at the nanometer-scale, "nanostructures," through physical processes that mainly involve the solid-state and quantum optics, in order to propose reliable schemes for the processing of quantum information. Initially, the main results of quantum information theory and quantum computation are briefly reviewed. Next, the state-of-the-art of quantum dots technology is described. In so doing, the theoretical background and the practicalities required for this thesis are introduced. A discussion of the current quantum hardware used for quantum information processing is given. In particular, the solid-state proposals to date are emphasised. A detailed prescription is given, using an optically-driven coupled quantum dot system, to reliably prepare and manipulate exciton maximally entangled Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Manipulation of the strength and duration of selective light-pulses needed for producing these highly entangled states provides us with crucial elements for the processing of solid-state based quantum information. The all-optical generation of states of the so-called Bell basis for a system of two quantum dots (QDs) is exploited for performing the quantum teleportation of the excitonic state of a dot in an array of three coupled QDs. Theoretical predictions suggest that several hundred single quantum bit rotations and controlled-NOT gates could be performed before decoherence of the excitonic states takes place. In addition, the exciton coherent dynamics of a coupled QD system confined within a semiconductor single mode microcavity is reported. It is shown that this system enables the control of exciton entanglement by varying the coupling strength between the optically-driven dot system and the microcavity. The exciton entanglement shows collapses and revivals for suitable amplitudes of the incident radiation field and dot-cavity coupling strengths. The results given here could offer a new approach for the control of decoherence mechanisms arising from entangled "artificial molecules." In addition to these ultrafast coherent optical control proposals, an approach for reliable implementation of quantum logic gates and long decoherence times in a QD system based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is given, where the nuclear resonance is controlled by the ground state "magic number" transitions of few-electron QDs in an external magnetic field. The dynamical evolution of quantum registers of arbitrary length in the presence of environmentally-induced decoherence effects is studied in detail. The cases of quantum bits (qubits) coupling individually to different environments ("independent decoherence"), and qubits interacting collectively with the same reservoir ("collective decoherence") are analysed in order to find explicit decoherence functions for any number of qubits. The decay of the coherences of the register is shown to strongly depend on the input states: this sensitivity is a characteristic of both types of coupling (collective and independent) and not only of the collective coupling, as has been reported previously. A non-trivial behaviour - "recoherence" - is found in the decay of the off-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix in the specific situation of independent decoherence. The results lead to the identification of decoherence-free states in the collective decoherence limit. These states belong to subspaces of the system's Hilbert space that do not become entangled with the environment, making them ideal elements for the engineering of "noiseless" quantum codes. The relations between decoherence of the quantum register and computational complexity based on the new dynamical results obtained for the register density matrix are also discussed. This thesis concludes by summarising and pointing out future directions, and in particular, by discussing some biological resonant energy transfer processes that may be useful for the processing of information at a quantum level.
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Pierce, Meghan Elizabeth. "Individual and Holistic Information Processing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33192.
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Significant research in cultural psychology has underlined differences in Eastern and Western cultures. While differences in many cognitive domains have been examined, there is a gap in cross cultural research on information processing and integration. This research explores the effect of independent or interdependent thinking on how a subject processes information. It is hypothesized that subjects with an interdependent mindset will process information holistically and subjects in an independent context will process information individually, or with an attribute based approach.A preliminary study tested the averaging and additive effects of information processing and served as the foundation for two subsequent explorations. The first examined cultural differences in information processing through presenting subjects of different cultural backgrounds with presenter and evaluator situations.
In the second study, individualistic and collectivist priming methodology was used to prompt subjects' ability to process information individually or holistically. Established measures of religiosity and connectedness were examined as possible moderators of the relationship between self-construal and information integration. Results show that differences between subjects primed in the interdependent condition were moderated by religiosity. Possible explanations for this effect are discussed.
Master of Science
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Berent, Matthew Kurt. "Attitude importance and information processing /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148786179681774.
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Bellew, Margaret. "Information processing biases and depression." Thesis, Keele University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292746.
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Saleem, Aman. "Information processing in visual systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5531.
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One of the goals of neuroscience is to understand how animals perceive sensory information. This thesis focuses on visual systems, to unravel how neuronal structures process aspects of the visual environment. To characterise the receptive field of a neuron, we developed spike-triggered independent component analysis. Alongside characterising the receptive field of a neuron, this method provides an insight into its underlying network structure. When applied to recordings from the H1 neuron of blowflies, it accurately recovered the sub-structure of the neuron. This sub-structure was studied further by recording H1's response to plaid stimuli. Based on the response, H1 can be classified as a component cell. We then fitted an anatomically inspired model to the response, and found the critical component to explain H1's response to be a sigmoid non-linearity at output of elementary movement detectors. The simpler blowfly visual system can help us understand elementary sensory information processing mechanisms. How does the more complex mammalian cortex implement these principles in its network? To study this, we used multi-electrode arrays to characterise the receptive field properties of neurons in the visual cortex of anaesthetised mice. Based on these recordings, we estimated the cortical limits on the performance of a visual task; the behavioural performance observed by Prusky and Douglas (2004) is within these limits. Our recordings were carried out in anaesthetised animals. During anaesthesia, cortical UP states are considered "fragments of wakefulness" and from simultaneous whole-cell and extracellular recordings, we found these states to be revealed in the phase of local field potentials. This finding was used to develop a method of detecting cortical state based on extracellular recordings, which allows us to explore information processing during different cortical states. Across this thesis, we have developed, tested and applied methods that help improve our understanding of information processing in visual systems.
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Chubb, Christopher. "Noise in Quantum Information Processing." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20682.
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Quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement imbue quantum systems with information processing power in excess of their classical counterparts. These properties of quantum states are, however, highly fragile. As we enter the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, this vulnerability to noise is a major hurdle to the experimental realisation of quantum technologies. In this thesis we explore the role of noise in quantum information processing from two different perspectives. In Part I we consider noise from the perspective of quantum error correcting codes. Error correcting codes are often analysed with respect to simplified toy models of noise, such as iid depolarising noise. We consider generalising these techniques for analysing codes under more realistic noise models, including features such as biased or correlated errors. We also consider designing customised codes which not only take into account and exploit features of the underlying physical noise. Considering such tailored codes will be of particular importance for NISQ applications in which finite-size effects can be significant. In Part II we apply tools from information theory to study the finite-resource effects which arise in the trade-offs between resource costs and error rates for certain quantum information processing tasks. We start by considering classical communication over quantum channels, providing a refined analysis of the trade-off between communication rate and error in the regime of a finite number of channel uses. We then extend these techniques to the problem of resource interconversion in theories such as quantum entanglement and quantum thermodynamics, studying finite-size effects which arise in resource-error trade-offs. By studying this effect in detail, we also show how detrimental finite-size effects in devices such as thermal engines may be greatly suppressed by carefully engineering the underlying resource interconversion processes.
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Uschner, Friedemann. "Information processing in cellular signaling." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17660.
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Information spielt in der Natur eine zentrale Rolle. Als intrinsischer Teil des genetischen Codes ist sie das Grundgerüst jeder Struktur und ihrer Entwicklung. Im Speziellen dient sie auch Organismen, ihre Umgebung wahrzunehmen und sich daran anzupassen. Die Grundvoraussetzung dafür ist, dass sie Information ihrer Umgebung sowohl messen als auch interpretieren können, wozu Zellen komplexe Signaltransduktionswege entwickelt haben. In dieser Arbeit konzentrieren wir uns auf Signalprozesse in S.cerevisiae die von osmotischem Stress (High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) Signalweg) und der Stimulation mit α-Faktor (Pheromon Signalweg) angesprochen werden. Wir wenden stochastische Modelle an, die das intrinsische Rauschen biologischer Prozesse darstellen können, um verstehen zu können wie Signalwege die ihnen zur Verfügung stehende Information umsetzen. Informationsübertragung wird dabei mit einem Ansatz aus Shannons Informationstheorie gemessen, indem wir sie als einen Kanal in diesem Sinne auffassen. Wir verwenden das Maß der Kanalkapazität, um die Genauigkeit des Phosphorelays einschränken zu können. In diesem Modell, simuliert mit dem Gillespie Algorithmus, können wir durch die Analyse des Signalverhaltens den Parameterraum zusätzlich stark einschränken. Eine weitere Herangehensweise der Signalverarbeitung beschäftigt sich mit dem “Crosstalk” zwischen HOG und Pheromon Signalweg. Wir zeigen, dass die Kontrolle der Signalspezifizität vor allem bei Scaffold-Proteinen liegt, die Komponenten der Signalkaskade binden. Diese konservierten Motive zellulärer Signaltransduktion besitzen eine geeignete Struktur, um Information getreu übertragen zu können. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit untersuchen wir potentielle Gründe für die evolutionäre Selektion von Scaffolds. Wir zeigen, dass ihnen bereits durch die Struktur des Mechanismus möglich ist, Informationsgenauigkeit zu verbessern und einer verteilten Informationsweiterleitung sowohl dadurch als auch durch ihre Robustheit überlegen sind.Information plays a ubiquitous role in nature. It provides the basis for structure and development, as it is inherent part of the genetic code. It also enables organisms to make sense of their environments and react accordingly. For this, a cellular interpretation of information is needed. Cells have developed sophisticated signaling mechanisms to fulfill this task and integrate many different external cues with their help. Here we focus on signaling that senses osmotic stress (High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathway) as well as α-factor stimulation (pheromone pathway) in S.cerevisiae. We employ stochastic modeling to simulates the inherent noisy nature of biological processes to assess how systems process the information they receive. This information transmission is evaluated with an information theoretic approach by interpreting signal transduction as a transmission channel in the sense of Shannon. We use channel capacity to both constrain as well as quantify the fidelity in the phosphorelay system of the HOG pathway. In this model, simulated with the Gillespie Algorithm, the analysis of signaling behavior allows us to constrain the possible parameter sets for the system severely. A further approach to signal processing is concerned with the mechanisms that conduct crosstalk between the HOG and the pheromone pathway. We find that the control for signal specificity lies especially with the scaffold proteins that tether signaling components and facilitate signaling by trans-location to the membrane and shielding against miss-activation. As conserved motifs of cellular signal transmission, these scaffold proteins show a particularly well suited structure for accurate information transmission. In the last part of this thesis, we examine the potential reasons for an evolutionary selection of the scaffolding structure. We show that due to its structure, scaffolds are increasing information transmission fidelity and outperform a distributed signal in this regard.
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White, Leonard Jack. "Coding and processing numerical information /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw5855.pdf.
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Mezher, Rawad. "Randomness for quantum information processing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS244.pdf.
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Cette thèse est basée sur la génération et la compréhension de types particuliers des ensembles unitaires aleatoires. Ces ensembles est utile pour de nombreuses applications de physique et de l’Information Quantique, comme le benchmarking aléatoire, la physique des trous noirs, ainsi qu’à la démonstration de ce que l’on appelle un "quantum speedup" etc. D'une part, nous explorons comment générer une forme particulière d'évolution aléatoire appelée epsilon-approximateunitary t-designs . D'autre part, nous montrons comment cela peut également donner des exemples de quantum speedup, où les ordinateurs classiques ne peuvent pas simuler en temps polynomiale le caractère aléatoire. Nous montrons également que cela est toujours possible dans des environnements bruyants et réalistesThis thesis is focused on the generation and understanding of particular kinds of quantum randomness. Randomness is useful for many tasks in physics and information processing, from randomized benchmarking , to black hole physics , as well demonstrating a so-called quantum speedup , and many other applications. On the one hand we explore how to generate a particular form of random evolution known as a t-design. On the other we show how this can also give instances for quantum speedup - where classical computers cannot simulate the randomness efficiently. We also show that this is still possible in noisy realistic settings. More specifically, this thesis is centered around three main topics. The first of these being the generation of epsilon-approximate unitary t-designs. In this direction, we first show that non-adaptive, fixed measurements on a graph state composed of poly(n,t,log(1/epsilon)) qubits, and with a regular structure (that of a brickwork state) effectively give rise to a random unitary ensemble which is a epsilon-approximate t-design. This work is presented in Chapter 3. Before this work, it was known that non-adaptive fixed XY measurements on a graph state give rise to unitary t-designs , however the graph states used there were of complicated structure and were therefore not natural candidates for measurement based quantum computing (MBQC), and the circuits to make them were complicated. The novelty in our work is showing that t-designs can be generated by fixed, non-adaptive measurements on graph states whose underlying graphs are regular 2D lattices. These graph states are universal resources for MBQC. Therefore, our result allows the natural integration of unitary t-designs, which provide a notion of quantum pseudorandomness which is very useful in quantum algorithms, into quantum algorithms running in MBQC. Moreover, in the circuit picture this construction for t-designs may be viewed as a constant depth quantum circuit, albeit with a polynomial number of ancillas. We then provide new constructions of epsilon-approximate unitary t-designs both in the circuit model and in MBQC which are based on a relaxation of technical requirements in previous constructions. These constructions are found in Chapters 4 and 5
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Paulsson, Hampus. "Geospatial Processing in the Cloud." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-281275.
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Cloud computing is an ubiquitous term that encompasses on-demand computing and related services over the Internet. This thesis work aims to develop a parallel program for processing geographical raster data and use it on the Amazon Web Services cloud platform for parallel, distributed processing. We will also investigate the program’s performance on the cloud platform and investigate different instances to see how they affect the program performance and network capabilities. We found that Amazon Web Services could be used for parallel processing using Message Passing Interface and that the program scales with an increased number of workers used, but that the scaling is limited by the time it takes to transfer data between nodes in the cluser. We also saw how network performance as shown by bandwidth tests varies depending on what instance is used.
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Ali-Bakhshian, Mohammad. "Digital processing of analog information adopting time-mode signal processing." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114237.
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As CMOS technologies advance to 22-nm dimensions and below, constructing analog circuits in such advanced processes suffers many limitations, such as reduced signal swings, sensitivity to thermal noise effects, loss of accurate switching functions, to name just a few. Time-Mode Signal Processing (TMSP) is a technique that is believed to be well suited for solving many of these challenges. It can be defined as the detection, storage, and manipulation of sampled analog information using time-mode variables. One of the important advantages of TMSP is the ability to realize analog functions using digital logic structures. This technique has a long history of application in electronics; however, due to lack of some fundamental functions, the use of TM variables has been mostly limited to intermediate stage processing and it has been always associated with voltage/current-to-time and time-to-voltage/current conversion. These conversions necessitate the inclusion of analog blocks that contradict the digital advantage of TMSP. In this thesis, an intensive research has been presented that provides an appropriate foundation for the development of TMSP as a general processing tool. By proposing the new concept of delay interruption, a completely new asynchronous approach for the manipulation of TM variables is suggested. As a direct result of this approach, practical techniques for storage, addition and subtraction of time-mode variables are presented. To Extend the digital implementation of TMSP to a wider range of applications, the comprehensive design of a unity gain dual-path time-to-time integrator (accumulator) is demonstrated. This integrator is then used to implement a digital second-order delta-sigma modulator. Finally, to demonstrate the advantage of TMSP, a very low power and compact tunable interface for capacitive sensors is presented that is composed of a number of delay blocks associated with typical logic gates. All the proposed theories are supported by experimental results and post-layout simulations.The emphasis on the digital construction of the proposed circuits has been the first priority of this thesis. Having the building blocks implemented with a digital structure, provides the feasibility of a simple, synthesizable, and reconfigurable design where affordable circuit calibrations can be adopted to remove the effects of process variations.Les technologies CMOS progressant vers les procédés 22 nm et au delà, la abrication des circuits analogiques dans ces technologies se heurte a de nombreuses limitations. Entre autres limitations on peut citer la réduction d'amplitude des signaux, la sensibilité aux effets du bruit thermique et la perte de fonctions précises de commutation. Le traitement de signal en mode temps (TMSP pour Time-Mode Signal Processing) est une technique que l'on croit être bien adapté pour résoudre un grand nombre de problèmes relatifs a ces limitations. TMSP peut être défini comme la détection, le stockage et la manipulation de l'information analogique échantillonnée en utilisant des quantités de temps comme variables. L'un des avantages importants de TMSP est la capacité à réaliser des fonctions analogiques en utilisant des structures logiques digitales. Cette technique a une longue histoire en terme d'application en électronique. Cependant, en raison du manque de certaines fonctions fondamentales, l'utilisation de variables en mode temps a été limitée à une utilisation comme étape intermédiaire dans le traitement d'un signal et toujours dans le contexte d'une conversion tension/courant-temps et temps-tension/courant. Ces conversions nécessitent l'inclusion de blocs analogiques qui vont a l'encontre de l'avantage numérique des TMSP. Cette thèse fournit un fondement approprié pour le développement de TMSP comme outil général de traitement de signal. En proposant le concept nouveau d'interruption de retard, une toute nouvelle approche asynchrone pour la manipulation de variables en mode temps est suggéré. Comme conséquence directe de cette approche, des techniques pratiques pour le stockage, l'addition et la soustraction de variables en mode temps sont présentées. Pour étendre l'implémentation digitale de TMSP à une large gamme d'applications, la conception d'un intégrateur (accumulateur) à double voie temps- à -temps est démontrée. cet intégrateur est ensuite utilisé pour implémenter un modulateur delta-sigma de second ordre.Enfin, pour démontrer l'avantage de TMSP, une Interface de très basse puissance, compacte et réglable pour capteurs capacitifs est présenté. Cette interface est composé d'un certain nombre de blocs de retard associés à des portes logiques typiques. Toutes les théories proposées sont soutenues par des résultats expérimentaux et des simulations post-layout. L'implémentation digitale des circuits proposés a été la première priorité de cette thèse. En effet, une implémentation des bloc avec des structures digitales permet des conceptions simples, synthétisable et reconfigurables où des circuits de calibration très abordables peuvent être adoptées pour éliminer les effets des variations de process.
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Gao, Yun. "Statistical models in neural information processing /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174606.
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Deng, Zhijie. "Novel optical devices for information processing." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5863.
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Optics has the inherent advantages of parallelism and wide bandwidths in processing
information. However, the need to interface with electronics creates a bottleneck
that eliminates many of these advantages. The proposed research explores novel
optical devices and techniques to overcome some of these bottlenecks. To address
parallelism issues we take a specific example of a content-addressable memory that can
recognize images. Image recognition is an important task that in principle can be done
rapidly using the natural parallelism of optics. However in practice, when presented
with incomplete or erroneous information, image recognition often fails to give the
correct answer. To address this problem we examine a scheme based on free-space
interconnects implemented with diffractive optics. For bandwidth issues, we study
possible ways to eliminate the electronic conversion bottleneck by exploring all-optical
buffer memories and all-optical processing elements. For buffer memories we examine
the specific example of slow light delay lines. Although this is currently a popular
research topic, there are fundamental issues of the delay-time-bandwidth product
that must be solved before slow light delay lines can find practical applications. For
all-optical processing we examine the feasibility of constructing circuit elements that
operate directly at optical frequencies to perform simple processing tasks. Here we
concentrate on the simplest element, a sub-wavelength optical wire, along with a
grating coupler to interface with conventional optical elements such as lenses and
fibers. Even such a simple element as a wire has numerous potential applications. In conclusion, information processing by all-optical devices are demonstrated with
an associative memory using diffractive optics, an all-optical delay line using room
temperature slow light in photorefractive crystals, and a subwavelength optical circuit
by surface plasmon effects.
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Fulcher, AÌine Bridget. "Information-processing factors in childhood anxiety." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423224.
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Fernandez, Noemi. "Statistical information processing for data classification." FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3297.
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This thesis introduces new algorithms for analysis and classification of multivariate data. Statistical approaches are devised for the objectives of data clustering, data classification and object recognition. An initial investigation begins with the application of fundamental pattern recognition principles. Where such fundamental principles meet their limitations, statistical and neural algorithms are integrated to augment the overall approach for an enhanced solution. This thesis provides a new dimension to the problem of classification of data as a result of the following developments: (1) application of algorithms for object classification and recognition; (2) integration of a neural network algorithm which determines the decision functions associated with the task of classification; (3) determination and use of the eigensystem using newly developed methods with the objectives of achieving optimized data clustering and data classification, and dynamic monitoring of time-varying data; and (4) use of the principal component transform to exploit the eigensystem in order to perform the important tasks of orientation-independent object recognition, and di mensionality reduction of the data such as to optimize the processing time without compromising accuracy in the analysis of this data.
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Blinch, Jarrod Paul George. "Information processing of bimanual reaching movements." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52566.
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The information processing of bimanual reaching movements was investigated in this thesis. All of the studies tested symmetric and asymmetric bimanual reaching movements that were made to targets as quickly and accurately as possible. The duration of movement preparation was measured by reaction time (RT). Study one found that bimanual asymmetric movements had longer preparation than bimanual symmetric movements. Donders’ subtraction method was used to isolate this bimanual asymmetric cost to a stage, or stages, of movement preparation that are unique to choice RT tasks; these included target discrimination, response selection, and response programming. Many different movement parameters could cause bimanual asymmetric costs. The results from study two suggested that the relative contribution of three parameters to the asymmetric cost, from most to least important, was movement amplitudes, target locations, and then startling locations. The relationship between unimanual and bimanual movements was tested in the third study by precuing the target for the left arm of a bimanual movement. RT and the start-react effect were used to determine how movement preparation changed. These measures suggested: 1) that the precued movement was not fully programmed but partially programmed before the imperative stimulus, and 2) that the asymmetric cost was caused by increased processing demands on response programming. Overall, the results supported that bimanual movements are not the sum of two unimanual movements; instead; the two arms of a bimanual movement are unified into a functional unit. When one target is precued, this critical unification likely occurs during response programming. Study four used the additive factors method to determine which stages of movement preparation contributed to the asymmetric cost when both targets were cued by the imperative stimulus. The results supported that the asymmetric cost was caused by increased processing demands on response selection. Target discrimination and response programming – contrary to previous hypotheses – did not contribute to the asymmetric cost. The critical process of bimanual unification likely depends on how the task is presented and conceptualised. It occurs during response selection when both targets are cued by the imperative stimulus, and it is deferred to response programming when one target is precued.Education, Faculty of
Kinesiology, School of
Graduate
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O'Connell, Thomas. "Visual information processing : tennis volleying strategy /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25691.pdf.
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Chen, Jian. "Mobility information and mobile transaction processing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32075.pdf.
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Wachman, Ronald Michael. "IPRAM : information processing requirements analysis methodology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29174.
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Lim, Yuan Liang. "Quantum information processing with single photons." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423321.
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Nicholas, Julian Jesuratnam. "Information processing in #parallel' visual pathways." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386633.
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Goodman, Ruth L. "Processing and communicating stereotype-relevant information." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493425.
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This thesis investigates how stereotype information is processed and communicated. People typically display slower reading times for information that is inconsistent with their knowledge about the world compared to information that is consistent with their klowledge about the world. This thesis considers whether such a congruency effect emerges when individuals read information about behaviours that pertain to cultural stereotypes. The immediacy of such effects and the influence of directing participants' focus to the stereotype-relevant of what they read was also examined.
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Clark, Alex S. "Quantum information processing in optical fibres." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557975.
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The use of quantum particles provides unprecedented improvements for some computational tasks and has applications in provably secure communications. The choice of quantum particles for such processes is wide but single photons are a promising candidate due to their extremely low decoherence and light speed trans- mission. Current technology for the generation and processing of single photons is of exceptional experimental interest and forms the basis of my investigations in this thesis. I show the background theory of quantum information and communication, with a general analysis of qubits and optical quantum gates before looking more specifically at different sources of photonic qubits and the generation of photons. I then show recent improvements in photon generation using photonic crystal fi- bres (PCFs), most especially the use of cross-polar phase matching solutions that allow the generation of pure state photons via four wave mixing effects in a X(3} nonlinear medium. These therefore require no spectral filtering to be used for quantum information tasks, thereby improving collection rates and experimental integration times which are crucial when performing multi-photon experiments. The optimization of the parameters for such a source are achieved through the use of an analytical model, and the purity of the photons are tested through the use of quantum interference effects. I move on to show the construction and character- ization of a common two qubit gate, namely the controlled-NOT gate, in optical fibres using fibre based sources and describe it's usefulness and integrability into quantum communication networks. I then calculate bounds on the average gate fidelity of 0.83 < Fave < 0.91 and create a model to show the main sources of error in the controlled-NOT gate operation. If the PCF used in the above sources is pumped in opposite directions in a Sagnac loop configuration, pairs of photons are generated in a maximally entangled Bell state where the polarization of one photon is perfectly correlated with the other photon of the pair. If two such pairs are generated in separate sources and one photon from each pair mixed on a polarizing beam splitter, a fusion operation is performed that entangles those two photons creating a four photon cluster state where all photons are entangled. This cluster state is a universal resource for measurement based quantum computing. In this thesis I show the generation and characterisation of such a cluster state and describe its use to perform a universal set of gates through single qubit measurements. I finally describe future experiments using PCFs and cluster states.
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Tong, Kin-kwok, and 湯建國. "Information processing load in listening test." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956774.
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Rajaram, Srinath. "Multilayer Nanomagnetic Systems for Information Processing." Scholar Commons, 2014. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5109.
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The Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) has opened new doors as an emerging technology with high potential to replace traditional CMOS-based memory technology. This has come true due to the density, speed and non- volatility that have been demonstrated. The STT-MRAM uses Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) elements as non-volatile memory storage devices because of the recent discovery of spin-torque phenomenon for switching the magnetization states. The magnetization of the free layer in STT-MRAM can be switched from logic "1" to logic "0" by the use of a spin-transfer torque. However, the STT-MRAMs have till now only been used as universal memory. As a result, STT-MRAMs are not yet commercially used as computing elements, though they have the potential to be used as Logic-In-Memory computation applications.
In order to advance this STT-MRAM technology for computation, we have used different MRAM devices that are available as memory elements with different geometries, to use it as computing elements. This dissertation presents design and implementation of such devices using different multilayer magnetic material stacks for computation. Currently, the design of STT-MRAMs is limited to only memory architectures, and there have been no proposals on the viability of STT-MRAMs as computational devices. In the present work, we have developed a design, which could be implemented for universal logic computation. We have utilized the majority gate architecture, which uses the magneto-static interaction between the freelayers of the multilayer nanomagnets, to perform computation.
Furthermore, the present work demonstrates the study of dipolar interaction between nanomagnetic disks, where we observed multiple magnetization states for a nanomagnetic disk with respect to its interaction energy with its neighboring nanomagnets. This was achieved by implementing a single layer nanomagnetic disk with critical dimension selected from the phase plot of single domain state (SDS) and vortex state (VS). In addition, we found that when the interaction energy between the nanomagnetic disks with critical dimension decreases (increase in center-to-center distance) the magnetization state of the nanomagnetic disks changes from single domain state to vortex state within the same dimension. We were able to observe this effect due to interaction between the neighboring nanomagnets.
Finally, we have presented the design and implementation of a Spin-Torque driven Re- configurable Array of Nanomagnets (STRAN) that could perform Boolean and non-Boolean computation. The nanomagnets are located at every intersection of a very large crossbar array structure. We have placed these nanomagnets in such a way that the ferromagnetic free layers couple with each other. The reconfigurable array design consists of an in-plane (IP) free layer and a fixed polarizer [magnetized out-of-plane (OP)]. The cells that need to be deselected from the array are taken to a non-computing oscillating state.
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Blenkinsop, S. A. "Organisational aspects of information processing systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7517.
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This thesis sets out to investigate the organizational aspects of information processing systems at a macro organizational level of analysis, using both static and dynamic modelling techniques. Chapter 1 validates the use of organizational taxonomies for small and medium sized manufacturing firms and highlights the importance of the dynamic nature of organizational variables. Chapter 2 models each of the ten Miller configurations using Beer's Viable System Model, enabling the strengths and weaknesses in each of the five information processing systems to be identified. Chapter 3 introduces a dynamic element into what would otherwise be static models. The Viable System Model is used once again, in this instance to highlight the information processing properties of organizational transition states. Chapter 4 investigates the concept of configuration at the System 3 level of analysis, i. e. the existence of internal information system archetypes. The results suggest distinct clusters amongst existing management accounting and control systems, but fail to link them to the organizational configuration identified by Miller and Friesen's 31 variable questionnaire. Chapter 5 studies the System 4 function, validating its role within the Viable System Model and developing a measure of Perceived Environmental Uncertainty. Chapter 6 looks at the System 5 policy-making function in more detail, introducing the concept of delta to account for softer issues such as personality traits, locus of control and culture, all of which prove to be of significant importance in small and medium sized manufacturing firms.
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Lowery, Paul. "Information processing in multi sensor systems." Thesis, University of Derby, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322505.
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Butler, Mark Henry. "Information processing in liver glucose metabolism." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367289.
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Lamond, Dawn W. "Information processing and handover : an investigation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241801.
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Lord, Richard. "Information-processing impairments in clumsy children." Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375427.
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Bradbury, Katherine E. "Information processing biases in emotional disorders." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368153.
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Holmes, Steve Anna Louise. "Information processing bias in chronic pain." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369878.
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Soutar, Colin. "Optical information processing using photorefractive BSO." Thesis, Abertay University, 1991. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a757b4d3-6c1e-4600-aed8-430e7078c6c5.
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Several optical information processing tasks are implemented using photorefractive BSO as a dynamic holographic medium. The physical basis for the mechanism which allows the implementation of these devices is studied. The properties of BSO which make it particularly attractive as a processing medium are highlighted, and experimental results are presented to demonstrate its practical limitations. An extensive study is presented of the influence of optical bias on the grating formation characteristics. This leads to a documentation of the optimum conditions for transient enhancement of a beam diffracted from such a grating. This transient enhancement can be controlled to provide ideal characteristics for the implementation of transient devices such as a novelty filter. A novelty filter utilising this transient enhancement is subsequently demonstrated. It exhibits good temporal discrimination through the choice of suitable external optical conditions, and the use of digital thresholding. The overall device operates at T.V. frame rates. Results are also presented of various optical correlators using BSO. These include the optical intensity correlator. The unique properties of the intensity correlator are stressed by practical demonstration. Specifically, the relative intolerance of the intensity correlator (compared with coherent correlators) to the position of the various components is demonstrated. Also, the spatially incoherent readout light allows the use of a low-optical quality liquid crystal television (LCTV) as a low-cost spatial light modulator. Output results are then presented from the correlator using the LCTV as a dynamic readout device. This provides an updateable hologram as the reference of the correlator which is interrogated at frame rates by the LCTV. Finally, the temporal discrimination of the novelty filter is combined with the character recognition ability of the intensity correlator. This produces an optical processor which will recognise a particular object but will only register it at the output stage when it is moving.